Tong Quan Ve He Thong Thong Tin Di Dong GSM Va Cong Nghe Gprs

B gio dc v o to
trng i hc bch khoa H Ni

khoa in t vin thng
====== ======
n tt nghip
ti:
Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng
Gio vin hng dn : ng Khnh Ha
Sinh vin thc hin : Chu t Thm
Lp
: 05BTT 07T
H Ni 08/2008
n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS
MC LC
Chng 1: Gii thiu v mng thng tin di ng GSM .............................. ...1
1.1 H thng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM............................................. ...1
1.2 Cc chc nng ca h thng GSM ......................................................... ...4
1.3 Bng tn s dng trong h thng thng tin i ng GSM...................... ...5
1.4 Phng php truy nhp trong thng tin di ng..................................... ...6
Chng 2: Cu trc h thng thng tin di ng GSM................................ ...9
2.1. Cu trc h thng .................................................................................. ...9
2.2. Chc nng cc phn t trong mng GSM...............................................10
Chng 3: Mng bo hiu v cc kha cnh mng ..................................... .17
3.1. Cc giao thc bo hiu trong h thng GSM ........................................ .17
3.2. Cc giao din trong h thng GSM....................................................... .20
3.3. Cc kha cnh mng .............................................................................. .20
Chng 4: Giao tip v tuyn ....................................................................... .26
4.1. Khi nim v cc knh v tuyn ........................................................... .26
4.2. Sp xp cc knh logic cc knh vt l.............................................. .29
Chng 5: Cc dch v trong GSM.............................................................. .31
5.1. Dch v thoi......................................................................................... .31
5.2. Dch v s liu ...................................................................................... .31
5.3. Dch v bn tin ngn ............................................................................. .32
5.4. Cc dch v ph .................................................................................... .32
Chng 6: Mt s th d v cuc gi trong mng GSM ............................. .34
6.1. Cuc gi ra t MS................................................................................. .34
6.2. Cuc gi vo t mng c nh .............................................................. .35
Chng 7: Gii thiu chung v cng ngh GPRS ....................................... .38
7.1. Tng quan v cng ngh GPRS ............................................................ .38
7.2. Cu trc h thng GPRS ....................................................................... .39
Chng 8: Cc giao din v giao thc trong mng GPRS ......................... .48
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
8.1. Mt phng truyn dn ........................................................................... .48

8.2. Mt phng bo hiu............................................................................... .51
8.3. Giao din v tuyn UM......................................................................... .59
8.4. Mng v tuyn GPRS ........................................................................... .63
8.5. Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn ................................................................. .72
Chng 9: Trin khai GPRS trn mng thng tin di ng GSM
ti Vit Nam.................................................................................................... .76
9.1. nh gi hin trng v nhu cu............................................................. .76
9.2. Dch v.................................................................................................. .77
9.3. S lng thu bao ca mng ................................................................. .77
9.4. nh gi nhu cu .................................................................................. .77
9.5. Mt s xut trin khai dch v GPRS ............................................... .78
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
B Gio dc v o to
Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam
Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
nhim v
thit k tt nghip
H v tn: Chu t Thm
Ngnh hc: in T Vin Thng
1. u thit k
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2. Cc s liu ban u
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3. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton

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4. Cc bn v th (ghi r cc loi bn v, kch thc cc bn v)

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5. Cn h hng dn
Phn
H v tn cn b
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6. Ngy giao nhim v thit k:
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7. Ngy phi hon thnh: ...............................................................................................................

Ngy... thng ... nm 2008
Ngy... thng ... nm 2008
Ch nhim khoa
Cn b hng dn
(K tn v ghi r h tn)
(K tn v ghi r h tn)
Ngy... thng ... nm 2008
Ngy... thng ... nm 2008
nh gi kt qu
Sinh vin thc hin
im thit k:..........................
(K tn v ghi r h tn)
im bo v:............................
im tng hp:.......................
Ngy ... thng ... nm 2008

Ch tch hi ng
(K tn v ghi r h tn)
B gio dc v o to
Trng i hc bch khoa h ni
Bn nhn xt thit k tt nghip

H v tn: ......................................................................................................................................................
Nghnh: .................................................................... Kha: ....................................................................
Cn b hng dn: ....................................................................................................................................
Cn b duyt thit k: .............................................................................................................................
1. Ni dung thit k tt nghip: .......................................................................................................
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2. Nhn xt ca ngi duyt thit k:
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Ngy..... Thng ....... Nm 2008

(k v ghi r h tn)
LI NI U
Ngy nay mng GSM vi nhng u im ni bt nh: dung lng ln,
cht lng kt ni tt, tnh bo mt cao , c mt ch ng vng chc trn
th trng Vin thng th gii. Vit Nam, khi chng ta bt u c nhng my
in thoi di ng s dng cng ngh GSM 900 u tin vo nhng nm 1993
nh du mt bc pht trin vt bc v cng ngh Vin thng ca t
nc. Cc thu bao di ng ti Vit Nam s dng dch v thoi truyn thng
vi tc bit l 13Kbit/s v truyn s liu vi tc 9,6 kbit/s.
Cc nh khai thc GSM trn th gii ang ng trc mt s gii php
c c dch v s liu truyn tc cao qua mng thng tin di ng hin c
ca h v ang nghin cu k hoch chuyn i ln cng ngh 3G. C hai
hng la chn : mt l c th nng cp mng ca h ln thng CDMA (a
truy nhp phn chia theo m) hay nng cpp ln c dch v GPRS (General
Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi tng hp), E GPRS (Enhanced
GPRS Dch v GPRS nng cao) v sau th s u t, nng cp loi dn
cng ngh GSM tin ln cng ngh W-CDMA (a truy nhp phn knh theo
m bng rng).
i vi cc nh khai thc, khng th c c vic nng cp thng ln cng
ngh W-CDMA vi cc gii php n gin v chi ph chp nhn c. Qu
trnh nng cp l mt qu trnh phc tp, yu cu cc phn t mng mi v cc
my u cui mi. Do vy, vn cn cn nhc y chnh l cc kha cnh v
kinh t v k thut cho vic nng cp, buc cc nh khai thc phi suy tnh.
Chnh v vy, GPRS l s la chn ca cc nh khai thc GSM nh mt bc
chun b v c s h tng k thut, tin ln cng ngh thng tin di ng th
h th 3.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
Gii php GPRS cho h thng GSM tr thnh hin thc nm 1999.
Ging nh HSCSD, GPRS cung cp cc dch v s liu tc cao hn cho
ngi s dng di ng. Tuy nhin da trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi, GPRS
ph hp vi bn cht bng n t ngt cao ca hu ht cc ng dng s liu
hn cng ngh chuyn mch knh HSCSD, n l tng hn cho cc dch v
truy nhp c s d liu v th in t, th d nhng ngi s dng khng mun
tr coc ph cuc gi cao cho cc bn tin ngn. GPRS cng cho php ngi s
dng nhn cc cuc gi s liu. Cc tin nhn cng c phn pht trc tip n
in thoi ca ngi s dng, them ch khng cn kt ni t u cui n u
cui mt cch lin tc. Khi bt my in thoi, ngi s dng nhn c mt
thng bo l h ang c mt tin nhn. H c th chn cc thng bo ti v ngay
lp tc hay ct i xem sau.
GPRS cng cung cp vic thit lp cuc gi nhanh hn HSCSD v kt ni
vi mng s dng giao thc IP hiu qu hn, bao gm cc mng Intranet ca
cng ty v cc mng LAN, cng nh Internet. Thng qua vic kt hp cc khe
thi gian TDMA khc nhau, GPRS c th iu khin tt c cc kiu truyn dn
t cc mu tin ngn tc thp n cc tc cao hn cn cho vic xem xt
cc trang Wed. GPRS cung cp tc s liu gi cao hn 100 kbit/s. Tc ti
a l 171,2 kbit/s qua 8 knh 21,4 kbit/s (s dng m ho CS-4).
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
TNG QUAN H THNG

THNG TIN DI NG GSM
CHNG 1:
GII THIU V MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM

1.1. H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (GSM)
GSM trc y c bit nh Groupe Spcial Mobile (nhm di
ng c bit), l nhm pht trin n, c thit k t s bt u nh
mt dch v t bo s quc t. Giao tip v tuyn ca GSM da trn
cng ngh TDMA. nh ban u l cc thu bao GSM c kh nng di
chuyn qua cc bin gii quc gia s nhn c cc dch v di ng v
cc tnh nng i theo cng vi h.
Kiu GSM ca Chu u hin nay hot ng tn s 900 MHz
cng nh tn s 1800 MHz. Bc M, GSM s dng cho dch v PCS
1900 ti vng ng bc California v Nevada. Do PCS 1900 s dng tn
s 1900 MHz, nn cc in thoi khng c kh nng kt ni hot ng
vi in thoi GSM hot ng trong cc mng tn s 900 MHz hay
1800 MHz. Tuy nhin vn ny c th khc phc c vi cc my
in thoi a bng hot ng trong nhiu tn s.
Vo u nm 1980, th trng h thng in thoi t bo tng t
pht trin rt nhanh Chu u. Mi mt nc pht trin mt h
thng t bo c lp vi cc h thng ca cc nc khc. S pht trin
khng c hp tc ca cc h thng thng tin di ng quc gia c ngha
l s khng c kh nng cho thu bao s dng cng mt my di ng
cm tay khi di chuyn trong Chu u.
Khng ch cc thit b di ng b
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
1 -
hn ch khai thc trong bin gii quc gia, m cn c mt th trng rt

hn ch i vi mi kiu thit b, v th tit kim chi ph c th khng
thc hin c. Ngoi mt th trng trong nc y vi cc mu
chung, c th khng c mt nh ch to no cnh tranh c trn th
trng th gii. Hn na, chnh ph cc nc nhn thc r l cc h
thng thng tin khng tng thch c th cn tr tin trnh t c
mt tm nhn chin lc ca h v mt Chu u vi nn kinh t thng
nht.
Vi nhng cn nhc nu trn, hi ngh in thoi in bo gm 26
quc gia Chu u (CEPT) thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu gi l
Groupe Speciale Mobile vo nm 1982 nghin cu v pht trin mt
h thng thng tin lin Chu u. n nm 1986 tnh hnh tr nn kh
quan hn v mt s mng t bo tng t hin ti c th s dng ht
dung lng vo nm 1990. CEPT khuyn ngh rng hai khi tn s trong
bng tn 900 MHz c d tr cho h thng mi. Tiu chun GSM ch
r cc bng tn t 890 n 915MHz cho bng thu v t 935 n 960
MHz cho bng pht vi mi bng c chia thnh cc knh 200 KHz.
H thng thng tin di ng c CEPT a ra p ng c cc
tiu chun nh sau:
- Cung cp m thoi cht lng cao.
- H tr chuyn vng quc t.
- H tr cc thit b u cui cm tay.
- H tr mt lot cc dch v v cc thit b mi.
- Cung cp hiu qu ph tn s.
- Cung cp kh nng tng thch vi ISDN.
- Cung cp vi chi ph dch v v u cui thp.
Vo nm 1989, vic pht trin cc c tnh k thut ca GSM
c chuyn t CEPT n Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u (ETSI).

Chu t thm 05btt-07t
2 -
ETSI c thnh lp vo nm 1988 thit lp cc tiu chun vin

thng cho Chu u v hp tc vi cc t chc tiu chun khc, cc lnh
vc lin quan n truyn hnh v cng ngh thng tin vn phng.
ESTI n bn cc c tnh k thut giai on 1 ca GSM vo nm
1990. Dch v thng mi bt u vo gia nm 1991. n nm 1993
c 36 mng GSM ti 22 nc, v thm 25 nc la chn hoc bt
u GSM. T , GSM c chp nhn Nam Phi, c, v rt nhiu
nc vng Trung ng v Vin ng. Ti Bc M, GSM c dng
thc hin PCS. n cui nm 1998 c 323 mng GSM 118 nc
phc v cho 138 triu thu bao, n nay c hn 2 t ngi dng trn
212 quc gia v vng lnh th. H thng GSM c gi l h thng
thng tin di ng ton cu (Global System for Mobilephone
communications).
Mng thng tin di ng GSM l mng thng tin di ng s Cellular
gm nhiu (cell). Cell l n v nh nht ca mng, c hnh dng (trn
l thuyt) l mt t ong hnh lc gic. Trong mi cell c mt i v
tuyn gc BTS (Base Transceiver Station) lin lc vi tt c cc trm di
ng MS (Mobile Station) c mt trong cell. Khi MS di chuyn ra ngoi
vng ph sng ca cell, n phi c chuyn giao sang lm vic vi
BTS ca cell khc.
c im ca h thng thng tin di ng Cellular l vic s dng
li tn s v din tch ca mi cell kh nh. Mi cell s dng mt nhm
tn s knh v tuyn. Cc ch ci A, B, C,...va l tn ca cell, va biu
th mt nhm xc nh cc tn s v tuyn c s dng trong cell .
Nhm tn s c s dng nhiu ln cho cc cell vi khong cch
ln, cng sut pht nh nhiu ln nhau khng ng k.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
3 -
Thng thng, mt cuc gi di ng khng th kt thc trong mt

cell nn h thng thng tin di ng cellular phi c kh nng iu khin
v chuyn giao (handover) cuc gi t cell ny sang cell ln cn m cuc
gi c chuyn giao khng b gin on.
1.2. Cc chc nng ca h thng GSM
Cc c tnh ch yu ca h thng GSM nh sau:
C th phc v c mt s ln cc dch v v tin ch cho thu bao
c trong thng tin thoi v truyn s liu.
* i vi thoi c th c cc dch v:
- Chuyn hng cuc gi v iu kin
- Chuyn hng cuc gi khi thu bao di ng bn
- Cm tt c cc cuc gi ra quc t
- Gi cuc gi
- Thng bo cc ph
- Nhn dng s ch gi...
* i vi dch v s liu:
-
Truyn s liu
Dch v nhn tin: cc gi thng tin c kch c 160 k t c th
lu gi .
S tng thch ca cc dch v trong GSM vi cc dch v ca
mng sn c:
* PSTN Publich Switched Telephone Network (Mng in thoi
chuyn mch cng cng).
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
4 -
* ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network (mng s t hp dch

v) bi cc giao din theo tiu chun chung.
Cho php cc thu bao lu ng (roaming) cc nc vi nhau
cng s dng h thng GSM mt cch hon ton t ng. Ngha l thu
bao c th mang my di ng i mi ni v mng s t ng cp nht
thng tin v v tr ca thu bao ng thi thu bao c th gi i bt c
ni no m khng cn bit thu bao khc ang u.
S dng bng tn 900 MHz vi hiu qu cao bi s kt hp gia hai
phng php TDMA, FDMA.
Gii quyt s hn ch dung lng: Thc cht dung lng s tng
ln nh vic s dng tn s tt hn v k thut chia nh, do vy
s thu bao c phc v s tng ln.
Tnh linh hot cao nh s dng cc loi my thng tin di ng khc
nhau: my cm tay, my xch tay, my t trn t ...
Tnh bo mt: Mng kim tra s hp l ca mi thu bao GSM bi
th ng k SIM (Subcriber Identity Module). Th SIM s dng
mt khu PIN (Personal Identity Number) bo v quyn s dng
ca ngi s dng hp php. SIM cho php ngi s dng s dng
nhiu dch v v cho php ngi dng truy nhp vo cc PLMN
(Public Land Mobile Network) khc nhau. ng thi trong h thng
GSM cn c trung tm nhn thc AuC, trung tm ny cung cp m
bo mt chng nghe trm cho tng ng v tuyn v thay i cho
tng thu bao.
1.3. Bng tn s dng trong h thng thng tin di ng GSM:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
5 -
890 Mhz
200 Khz
25 Mhz
935 Mhz
25 Mhz
1710 Mhz
915 Mhz GSM

m
927 Mhz rng
1785 Mhz
960 Mhz
1880 Mhz
Bng tn ln
(T MS - BTS)
915 Mhz
200 Khz
882 Mhz
DSC
1805 Mhz
Bng tn xung
(T BTS - MS)
960 Mhz
Hnh 1.1- Bng tn c bn v m rng ca GSM
H thng GSM lm vic trong bng tn 890 960MHz. Bng tn

ny c chia lm 2 phn:
- Bng tn ln (Uplink band): 890 915 MHz cho cc knh v
tuyn t trm di ng n h thng trm thu pht gc.
- Bng tn xung (Downlink band): 935 960 MHz cho cc knh
v tuyn t trm thu pht gc n trm di ng.
Mi bng rng 25MHz, c chia thnh 124 sng mang. Cc sng
mang cnh nhau cch nhau 200KHz. Mi knh s dng 2 tn s ring
bit, mt cho ng ln, mt cho ng xung. Cc knh ny c gi
l knh song cng. Khong cch gia hai tn s l khng i v bng 45
MHz, c gi l khong cch song cng. Knh v tuyn ny mang 8
khe thi gian m mi khe thi gian l mt knh vt l trao i thng
tin gia trm thu pht v trm di ng. Ngoi bng tn c s nh trn
cn c bng tn GSM m rng v bng tn DCS (Digital Cellular
System).
1.4. Phng php truy nhp trong thng tin di ng

Chu t thm 05btt-07t
6 -
giao din v tuyn, MS v BTS lin lc vi nhau bng sng v

tuyn. ti nguyn tn s c hn c th phc v cng nhiu thu bao
di ng, ngoi vic s dng li tn s, s knh v tuyn c dng theo
kiu trung k. H thng trung k v tuyn l h thng v tuyn c s
knh sn sng phc v t hn s ngi dng kh d. Phng thc s
dng chung cc knh gi l phng php a truy nhp: ngi dng khi
c nhu cu th c m bo v s truy nhp vo trung k.
a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s FDMA (Frequency Division
Multiple Access): Phc v cc cuc gi theo cc knh tn s khc nhau.
Ph tn s c chia thnh 2N di tn s con k tip, cch nhau mt
khong bo v. Mi di tn c gn cho mt knh lin lc, trong
knh tn s N dnh cho lin lc hng ln, N knh tn s cn li cho lin
lc hng xung. Mi ngi dng c cp pht mt knh tn s ring
bit trong tp hp cc knh tn s.
a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian TDMA (Time Division
Multiple Access): Khi c yu cu mt cuc gi th mt knh v tuyn
c n nh. Cc thu bao khc nhau dng chung 1 knh tn s nh ci
xen thi gian. Mi thu bao c cp mt khe thi gian (time slot) trong
cu trc khung tun hon 8 khe.
a truy nhp theo m CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): L
phng php tri ph tn hiu, thc hin l gn cho mi MS mt m
ring bit cho php nhiu MS cng thu, pht c lp trn mt bng tn
nn tng dung lng cho h thng. Hin ti cng ngh CDMA ang
c trin khai ti mt s quc gia. Ti Vit Nam hin c mng thng
tin di ng S-Fone ca cng ty C phn Vin thng Si Gn (SPT) v
mng EVN Telecom ca Cng ty Thng tin Vin thng in Lc ang
s dng cng ngh ny.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
7 -
Ngoi ra cn c phng php truy nhp theo khng gian SDMA.

Mng GSM s dng phng php TDMA kt hp FDMA.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
8 -
CHNG 2:
CU TRC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM

2.1. Cu trc h thng
H thng thng tin di ng gm nhiu phn t chc nng. Mng
GSM c phn chia thnh cc phn h:
PSTN : Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng

ISDN : Mng s liu lin kt a dch v
PLMN : Mng di ng mt t cng cng
Phn h chuyn mch NSS (Network Switching Subsystem) bao

gm cc khi chc nng:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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- Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng MSC (Mobile

Switching Center)
- B ghi nh v thng tr HLR (Home Location Register)
- B ghi nh v tm tr VLR (Visitor Location Register)
- Trung tm nhn thc AuC (Authentication Center)
- B ghi nhn dng thit b EIR (Equipment Identification
Register)
- Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng cng GMSC
(Gateway Mobile Switching Center).
Phn h trm gc BSS (Base Station Subsystem) bao gm cc
khi:
- B iu khin trm gc BSC (Base Station Center)
- Trm thu pht gc BTS (Base Transceiver Station)
H thng khai thc v h tr OSS (Operation and Support
System)bao gm cc khi chc nng:
- Trung tm qun l mng NMC (Network Management Center)
- Trung tm qun l v bo dng OMC (Operation &
Maintenance Center).
Trm di ng MS (Mobile Station):
- Thit b di ng ME (Mobile Equipment)
- Modul nhn dng thu bao SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)
2.2. Chc nng cc phn t trong mng GSM
2.2.1 Phn h chuyn mch NSS
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
10 -
Phn h chuyn mch bao gm cc chc nng chuyn mch chnh

ca GSM cng nh cc c s d liu cn thit cho s liu thu bao v
qun l di ng ca thu bao. Chc nng chnh ca h thng chuyn
mch l qun l thng tin gia nhng ngi s dng mng GSM v cc
mng khc.
Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng MSC
MSC l mt tng i thc hin tt c cc chc nng chuyn mch
v bo hiu ca MS nm trong vng a l do MSC qun l. MSC khc
vi mt tng i c nh l n phi iu phi cung cp cc ti nguyn v
tuyn cho thu bao v MSC phi thc hin thm t nht hai th tc:
- Th tc ng k
- Th tc chuyn giao
MSC mt mt giao tip vi BSS, mt khc giao tip vi mng
ngoi. MSC lm nhim v giao tip vi mng ngoi c gi l MSC
cng (GMSC), c chc nng tng tc IWF (InterWorking Function)
thch ng cc c im truyn dn ca GMS v cc mng ngoi. Phn h
chuyn mch giao tip vi mng ngoi s dng kh nng truyn ti
ca cc mng ny cho vic truyn ti s liu ca ngi s dng hoc bo
hiu gia cc phn t ca mng GSM.
MSC thng l mt tng i ln iu khin v qun l mt s b
iu khin trm gc BSC.
B ghi nh v thng tr HLR
HLR l mt c s d liu quan trng trong mng c chc nng
qun l thu bao. Mt PLMN c th c mt hoc nhiu HLR ph thuc
vo lng thu bao. HLR lu hai loi s gn cho mi thu bao di ng,
l:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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+ MSISDN: s danh b (s thu bao)

Cu trc:
MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN
CC: M quc gia (Vit nam: 84)
NDC: M mng (Viettel: 98, Vinaphone: 91, Mobiphone: 90)
SN: S thu bao trong mng (gm 7 s)
V d: 84.98.5101300
+ IMSI: S nhn dng thu bao dng bo hiu trong mng
Cu trc:
IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN
MCC: M quc gia (Vit Nam: 452)
MNC: M mng ( Viettel: 04, Vinaphone: 02, Mobiphone: 01)
MSIN: S thu bao trong mng (gm 7 s)
V d: 84.98.5101300 - 452.04.5101300
Nh vy, vi mt s MSISDN s tng ng vi mt s IMSI v ch
tn ti mt s IMSI duy nht trong ton h thng GSM. IMSI c s
dng MS truy nhp vo c s d liu. C s d liu cha cc thng
tin sau:
- Thng tin thu bao dch v thoi v phi thoi mang (bearer
service).
- Gii hn dch v (gii hn roaming)
- Cc dch v h tr. HLR cha cc thng s ca dch v ny; tuy
nhin n cn c th c lu trong card thu bao.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
12 -
Nh vy, HLR khng c kh nng chuyn mch nhng c kh nng

qun l hng ngn thu bao. Khi mng c thm mt thu bao mi, th
cc thng tin v thu bao s c ng k trong HLR.
Trung tm nhn thc AuC
AuC kt ni vi HLR, cung cp cc thng s hp thc ho v cc
kho m m bo chc nng bo mt.
B ghi nh v tm tr VLR
VLR l c s d liu ln th hai trong mng, lu tr tm thi s
liu thu bao hin ang nm trong vng phc v ca MSC tng ng v
lu tr s liu v v tr ca thu bao. Khi MS vo mt vng nh v mi,
n phi thc hin th tc ng k. MSC qun l vng ny s tip nhn
ng k ca MS v truyn s nhn dng vng nh v (LAI) ni c mt
thu bao ti VLR. Mt VLR c th ph trch mt hoc nhiu vng MSC.
Cc thng tin cn thit lp v nhn mt cuc gi ca MS c
lu trong c s d liu ca VLR. i vi mt s dch v h tr, VLR c
th truy vn cc thng tin t HLR: IMSI (nhn dng my di ng quc
t), MSISDN (ISDN ca my di ng), s chuyn vng ca thu bao MS
(MSRN), s nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi (TMSI), s nhn dng
thu bao di ng ni b (LMSI) v vng nh v ni ng k MS. VLR
cng cha cc thng s gn cho mi MS v c nhn t VLR.
B ghi nhn dng thit b EIR
Thc th chc nng ny cha mt hoc nhiu c s d liu lu tr
cc IMEI (s nhn dng thit b) s dng trong h thng GSM. EIR c
ni vi MSC qua mt ng bo hiu, nh vy MSC c th kim tra s
hp l ca thit b.
Trung tm chuyn mch dch v cng GMSC

Chu t thm 05btt-07t
13 -
thit lp mt cuc gi phi nh tuyn n tng i m khng

cn bit v tr hin thi ca thu bao. GMSC c nhim v ly thng tin
v v tr ca thu bao v nh tuyn cuc gi n tng i ang qun l
thu bao thi im hin thi. GMSC c giao din bo hiu s 7 c
th tng tc vi cc phn t khc ca h thng chuyn mch.
2.2.2 Phn h trm gc BSS
BSS thc hin kt ni cc MS vi cc tng i, do lin kt ngi
s dng my di ng vi nhng ngi s dng dch v vin thng khc.
BSS cng phi c iu khin nn c kt ni vi OSS.
Trm thu pht gc BTS
BTS giao din vi MS x l cc tn hiu c th cho giao din v
tuyn. Mt b phn quan trng ca BTS l TRAU (khi chuyn i m
v thch ng tc ).
B iu khin trm gc BSC
BSC c nhim v qun l tt c giao din v tuyn thng qua cc
lnh iu khin t BTS v MS nh n nh, gii phng knh v tuyn v
qun l chuyn giao. Mt BSC c th qun l nhiu BTS. S lng BTS
m BSC c th qun l ph thuc vo lu lng ca BTS.
2.2.3 H thng khai thc v h tr OSS
OSS thc hin chc nng khai thc, bo dng v qun l ton h
thng.
Trung tm qun l mng NMC
NMC c t ti trung tm ca h thng, chu trch nhim cung
cp chc nng qun l cho ton b mng.
- Gim st cc nt trong mng
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
14 -
- Gim st cc trng thi cc b phn ca mng

- Gim st trung tm bo dng v khai thc OMC ca cc vng v
cung cp thng tin n cc b phn OMC.
Trung tm qun l v khai thc OMC
OMC cung cp chc nng chnh iu khin v gim st cc b
phn trong mng (cc BTS, MSC, cc c s d liu...). OMC c cc
chc nng: qun l cnh bo, qun l s c, qun l cht lng, qun l
cu hnh v qun l bo mt.
2.2.4 Trm di ng MS
MS l thit b u cui cha cc chc nng v tuyn chung, x l
giao din v tuyn v cung cp cc giao din vi ngi dng (mn hnh,
loa, bn phm ... ). Mt trm di ng gm hai phn chnh:
- ME (Mobile Equipment - thit b di ng): l phn cng c dng
thu bao truy nhp vo mng. ME cha kt cui di ng (MT) ph
thuc vo ng dng v cc dch v, c th kt hp cc nhm chc nng
thch ng u cui (TA) v thit b u cui (TE) khc nhau.
- SIM (Subscriber Identity Module modul nhn dng thu bao): gn
cht vi ngi dng trong vai tr mt thu bao duy nht, c th lm vic
vi nhiu ME khc nhau. SIM l mt card in t thng minh c cm
vo ME nhn dng thu bao v tin tc bo v loi dch v m thu
bao ng k. SIM c phn cng v phn mm cn thit vi b nh c th
lu tr thng tin. C hai loi thng tin l thng tin c nh v thng tin
thay i:
+ Thng tin c nh:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
15 -
* S nhn dng thu bao MSISDN, IMSI. Thu bao s c kim tra
tnh hp l trc khi truy nhp vo mng thng qua s nhn dng IMSI
c thc hin bi trung tm nhn thc AuC.
* M kho c nhn Ki.
+ Thng tin thay i:
* S hiu nhn dng vng nh v LAI
* S nhn dng thu bao tm thi TMSI
Mt s TMSI s tng ng vi mt IMSI c cp pht tm thi
tng tnh bo mt cho qu trnh bo hiu gia MS v h thng. TMSI s
thay i khi MS cp nht li v tr.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
16 -
CHNG 3:
MNG BO HIU V CC KHA CNH MNG
3.1. Cc giao thc bo hiu trong h thng GSM

Mng thng tin di ng GSM s dng h thng bo hiu s 7 (bo
hiu knh chung) thit lp, gim st v gii phng cuc gi. Bo hiu
s 7 l mng d liu chuyn mch gi c thit k trao i bo hiu.
AuC
PLMN
ISDN
MAP
ISUP
TUP
PSTN
EIR
HLR
GMSC
MAP
R2
National
VLR
ISUP
BSSMAP
(part of BSSAP)
DTAP
(part of BSSAP)
Abis
MS
Um
Hnh 3.1: Cc giao thc bo hiu trong mng GSM
Cc giao thc gia BSC-BTS-MS
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
17 -
Cc giao thc ny s dng trong cc giao din Um v Abis theo

chun ca ETSI. Cc giao thc ny h tr cc chc nng ca BTS v
BSC nh sau:
- Gi cc thng tin ca mng v cell. Thng tin c cp nht t
BSC, truyn lin tc ti BTS v lu trong BTS.
- Nhn tin: c khi to t MSC cho php BSC hot ng thng
qua BSSMAP. BSC ln lt cho php cc BTS trong mt vng nh v
hot ng. Cc BTS gi cc cuc gi nhn, kim tra tn hiu tr li v
gi thng bo ti BSC. BTS cng nhn cc cuc nhn tin t MS v gi
ti BSC.
- Cung cp v gii phng knh iu khin (SDCCH). BSC thc hin
cc chc nng ny, BTS s x l trao i cc thng tin ti /t MS.
- Cung cp v gii phng knh lu lng (TCH) thit lp, xo v
chuyn giao. BSC thc hin cc chc nng ny v BTS x l cc khi
knh lin quan.
- Nhn nh hon thnh vic chuyn giao. BTS bo vi BSC khi n
pht hin c tn hiu ca MS trn knh lu lng mi.
- iu khin m ha/gii m. BTS thc hin chc nng kch hot v
gii phng vic m ho theo yu cu ca BSC.
- iu khin cc m thoi v thch ng tc ca cc knh thng
tin. Thit b thch ng tc m ho (TRAU) thng c t trong
BSC nhng c iu khin bi BTS xc nh cc knh lu lng.
- Kim tra cht lng truyn dn v di tn hiu trong cc knh
hng ln ang hot ng v ch Idle (ri). Kim tra c thc
hin BTS v c thng bo ti BSC.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
18 -
- Giao din v tuyn cng bao gm cc chc nng c t ng x

l bi BTS.
- Thng tin ng b v s nhn dng MS c gi lin tc ti BTS.
- Chc nng iu khin tn s c x l bi BTS, cc tn hiu iu
khin ny c gi lin tc t BTS.
Giao din v tuyn cng c cc chc nng: m ho knh, ghp
knh, qun l Burst, TDMA v iu ch.
Cc giao thc gia MSC-BSC v MSC-MS:
Giao thc bo hiu BSSAP cha cc phn t sau: cc bn tin
BSSMAP, DTAP v INTIAL MS.
- Cc bn tin DTAP trao i gia MSC v MS ng k v nhn
thc khi MS tt. Cc bn tin TDAP c chuyn qua BSC v BTS.
- Cc bn tin khi to MS (IMSI) c truyn gia MSC v MS
cp nht v tr v nhn tin.
- BSSMAP l giao thc c s dng gia MSC v BSC nhn tin,
thc hin cuc gi, chuyn giao, cung cp, duy tr cc knh lu lng v
m ho trong BTS, MS. Giao thc ny cng c dng duy tr cc
khe thi gian trn cc knh PCM gia MSC v BSC.
Cc giao thc gia cc trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC
Khi thc hin chuyn giao gia cc MSC, MAP c s dng bo
hiu chuyn giao trong khi ISUP c s dng thit lp v xo cc
kt ni.
Cc giao thc gia GMSC v MSC
ISUP c s dng ging nh trong PSTN/ISDN.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
19 -
Cc giao thc gia MSC v HLR, VLR, AuC v EIR

MAP c s dng cho tt c cc bo hiu. N h tr ng k, bo
hiu cc s roaming, nhn thc v nhn dng thit b.
Cc giao thc vi cc mng ngoi
S dng TUP, ISUP v cc giao thc lin quan ti knh.
3.2. Cc giao din trong h thng GSM
Abis: BSC BTS
Um (v tuyn): MS-BTS
A: BSC MSC
E: MSC MSC
B: MSC VLR
F: MSC EIR
C: MSC HLR
G: VLR VLR
D: VLR HLR
H: HLR AuC
3.3. Cc kha cnh mng

3.3.1 Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn
Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn l mt lp chc nng trong qun l
mng, c xem xt thng qua vic thit lp mt knh truyn gia MS
v MSC. Cc phn t chc nng chnh l MS, BSS v MSC. RR qun l
mt phin RR l thi gian m thit b di ng mt trng thi xc nh
s dng cc knh v tuyn. Mt phin RR c khi to t MS thng
qua mt th tc truy nhp mng hoc cho cuc gi i hoc nhn bn tin
nhn. Khi no mt knh c cung cp cho MS hay phn knh nhn s
c x l trong lp RR. Hn na, lp RR cng qun l c cc c tnh
v tuyn nh iu khin cng sut, truyn nhn gin on v nh thi.
Chuyn giao (Handover)
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
20 -
Trong mng cellular, cc knh v tuyn v c nh khng c cp

pht lu di cho mt cuc gi. Cuc gi s c chuyn sang mt knh
hoc mt cell khc, c gi l chuyn giao. Vic kim tra v thc hin
chuyn giao to nn mt trong nhng chc nng c bn ca lp RR. C
4 loi chuyn giao khc nhau trong h thng GSM, c thc hin gia:
- Cc knh (cc khe thi gian) trong cng mt cell
- Cc cell (BTS) do mt BSC iu khin
- Cc cell di s iu khin ca nhiu BSC khc nhau nhng
thuc cng mt MSC
- Cc cell ca cc MSC khc nhau
Hai loi chuyn giao u tin gi l chuyn giao cc b. tit
kim bng thng bo hiu, vic chuyn giao ch do BSC m khng cn
MSC qun l v ch thng bo cho MSC khi hon thnh chuyn giao.
Hai loi chuyn giao cn li l chuyn giao ngoi do cc MSC qun l.
Chuyn giao c th c khi to t MS hoc t MSC. Trong khi
cc khe thi gian trng thi ch, MS qut knh iu khin qung b
(BCCH) trong 16 cell ln cn, chn ra 6 cell tt nht phc v chuyn
giao da trn di tn hiu nhn c. Thng tin ny c truyn ti
BSC v MSC t nht 1 giy mt ln.
Chuyn giao trong cng mt BSC:
trng hp ny BSC phi thit lp mt ng ni n BTS mi,
dnh ring mt TCH ca mnh v ra lnh cho MS phi chuyn n 1 tn
s mi ng thi cng ch ra mt TCH mi. Tnh hung ny khng i
hi thng tin g n phn cn li ca mng. Sau khi chuyn giao MS
phi nhn c cc thng tin mi v cc ln cn. Nu nh vic thay
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
21 -
i n BTS mi cng l thay i vng nh v th MS s thng bo cho

mng v LAI ca mnh v yu cu cp nht v tr.
Chuyn giao gia hai BSC khc nhau nhng cng mt MSC/VLR:
Trng hp ny cho thy s chuyn giao trong cng mt vng phc
v nhng gia hai BSC khc nhau. Mng can thip nhiu hn khi quyt
nh chuyn giao. BSC phi yu cu chuyn giao t MSC/VLR. Sau
c mt ng ni thng mi (MSC/VLR BSC mi BSC mi) phi
c thit lp nu c TCH ri. TCH ny phi c dnh cho chuyn
giao. Sau khi MS nhn c lnh chuyn n tn s mi v TCH
mi. Ngoi ra, sau khi chuyn giao MS c thng bo v cc ln cn
mi. Nu vic thay i BTS cng vi vic thay i vng nh v MS s
gi i yu cu cp nht v tr trong qu trnh cuc gi hay sau cuc gi.
Chuyn giao gia hai vng phc v MSC/VLR:
y l trng hp chuyn giao phc tp nht nhiu tn hiu c
trao i trc khi thc hin chuyn giao.
Ta s xt 2 MSC/VLR, gi MSC/VLR c (tham gia cuc gi trc
khi chuyn giao) l tng i phc v v MSC/VLR mi l tng i ch.
Tng i c s gi yu cu chuyn giao n tng i ch. Sau , tng
i ch s m nhn vic chun b ni ghp ti BTS mi. Sau khi thit
lp ng ni gia hai tng i c s gi i lnh chuyn giao n MS.
3.3.2 Qun l di ng
Qun l di ng cng l mt lp chc nng, l lp trn lp RR, x
l cc chc nng di ng ca thu bao v thc hin nhn thc v bo
mt. Qun l v tr lin quan ti cc th tc cho php h thng bit v tr
hin ti ca thit b di ng thc hin nh tuyn cc cuc gi.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
22 -
Cp nht v tr
MS c thng bo c mt cuc gi n bi mt bn tin ngn c
gi qua knh PAGCH ca cell. Mt phn ca knh c s dng
nhn trong mi cell trong mng, mt phn c dng MS truyn cc
bn tin cp nht v tr cp cell ti mng. Do cc bn tin nhn
c gi chnh xc ti mt cell nhng s rt lng ph bng thng do s
lng cc bn tin cp nht v tr ln. Mt gii php c thc hin trong
GSM l nhm cc cell thnh cc vng nh v LA (Location Area). Ch
khi LA thay i, MS mi gi cc bn tin cp nht v cc MS c nhn
trong cc cell ca vng nh v.
Cc th tc cp nht v nh tuyn cuc gi thc hin trong MSC,
VLR v HLR. Khi MS vo mt LA mi hoc PLMN ca mt nh vn
hnh khc, n phi ng k vi mng ch ra v tr hin ti ca mnh.
Thng thng, bn tin cp nht v tr c gi ti MSC/VLR mi m
lu cc thng tin v vng nh v, sau gi cc thng tin ny ti HLR
ca thu bao. Thng tin c gi ti HLR l a ch SS7 ca VLR mi,
n c th l s nh tuyn. Nu thu bao c php s dng dch v,
HLR gi mt tp cc thng tin cn cho vic iu khin cuc gi ti
MSC/VLR mi v gi mt bn tin ti MSC/VLR c xo ng k c.
m bo tin cy, GSM thc hin mt th tc cp nht v tr
nh k. Th tc ny lin quan ti cp nht v tr l gn v tch IMSI
(IMSI attach/detach). Thc hin detach ch ra rng mng khng th t
ti MS na v khng phi cp pht cc knh v gi bn tin nhn. Mt
Attach tng t nh cp nht v tr thng bo cho mng MS tr li trng
thi hot ng.
Nhn thc v bo mt
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
23 -
V ti nguyn v tuyn c th c truy nhp bi bt k ngi no,

nn vic nhn thc ngi s dng l thnh phn rt quan trng trong
mng di ng. Nhn thc c thc hin gia SIM card trong MS v
trung tm nhn thc AuC. Mi thu bao c mt kho bo mt, c lu
ng thi trong SIM v AuC. Trong khi nhn thc AuC s pht s ngu
nhin ti MS. C MS v AuC sau s dng s ngu nhin ny cng
vi m bo mt ca thu bao v thut ton m ho pht mt p ng
c k hiu (SRES) li AuC. Nu s c gi t MS ging vi s c
tnh ton trong AuC, thu bao s c nhn thc.
Mt cp bo mt khc c thc hin trong MS, mi thit b GSM
c nhn dng bi s IMEI v c nhn thc bi s ny.
3.3.3 Qun l truyn thng
Qun l truyn thng (CM) l lp trn cng, phc v iu khin
cuc gi, qun l dch v h tr v qun l dch v bn tin ngn. Mi
chc nng c xem xt l mt phn lp trong lp CM. Cc chc nng
ca mt phn lp bao gm thit lp, la chn mt dch v v xo mt
cuc gi.
nh tuyn cuc gi
Khng ging nh nh tuyn mt cuc gi trong mng c nh m
thit b c kt ni vi b phn trung tm, ngi s dng GSM c th
chuyn vng quc gia v quc t. S quay trc tip t ti thu bao di
ng c gi l MSISDN, c nh ngha bi k hoch nh s
E.164.
Mt cuc gi kt cui di ng c gi ti chc nng GMSC.
GMSC l mt b chuyn mch kt ni vi HLR ly cc thng tin nh
tuyn. Do n c mt bng cc MSISDN
ti HLR tng ng. Thng
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
24 -
tin nh tuyn c gi li GMSC l s roaming di ng (MSRN). Cc

MSRN lin quan ti k hoch nh s vng a l, khng c cung cp
cho thu bao.
Th tc nh tuyn thng c s dng nht bt u vi vic truy
vn HLR ca thu bao b gi ly MSRN. HLR ch lu cc a ch SS7
VLR hin ti ca thu bao m khng c MSRN. HLR do phi truy
vn VLR hin ti ca thu bao m cung cp tm thi MSRN. MSRN ny
c gi li HLR v GMSC, sau cuc gi c nh tuyn ti MSC
mi. Ti MSC mi, IMSI tng ng MSRN c kim tra v thit b di
ng c nhn trong vng nh v hin ti ang c mt.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
25 -
CHNG 4:
GIAO TIP V TUYN
Giao tip v tuyn l tn gi chung ca u ni gia MS v BTS.

Giao tip s dng khi nim TDMA vi mt khung TDMA cho mt tn
s mang. Mt khung gm 8 khe thi gian (Time Slot - TS).
4.1. Khi nim v cc knh v tuyn
Mng GSM/PLMN c dnh 124 knh sng mang, sng ny di
tn:
- ng ln ( MS - BTS ) : 890 - 915 MHz .
- ng xung ( BTS - MS ) : 935 - 960 MHz .
Bng tn ng ln 890,2 914,8 MHz v ng xung 935,2
959,8 MHz. Mi tn s sng mang cch nhau 200 KHz, trn mi sng
mang thc hin ghp knh theo thi gian, thc hin ghp khung TDMA
ta c s knh bng: 124 x 8 (TS) = 992 knh.
4.1.1 Knh vt l:
Knh vt l l mt khe thi gian mt tn s v tuyn dnh
truyn ti thng tin ng v tuyn ca GSM. Mi mt knh tn s v
tuyn c t chc thnh cc khung TDMA di 4,615 ms gm c 8 khe
thi gian (mt khe di 577 s). Ti BTS, cc khung TDMA cc knh
tn s c ng ln v ng xung u c ng b, mi MS c
cp mt khe thi gian c cng s th t hng ln hay hng xung
truyn bn song cng.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
26 -
V mt thi gian, cc knh vt l mt knh tn s c t chc

theo cu trc khung, a khung, siu a khung, siu siu khung nh hnh
v:
1 siu siu khung = 2048 siu khung = 2715648 khungTDMA
(3h2853760ms)
0
2045 2046 2047
1 siu khung = 1326 khung (6,12s)

0
1 siu khung = 1326 khung (6,12s)
49 50
TCH
1 a khung = 26 khung (120ms)

0
TCH
25
1 a khung = 51 khung (235ms)
24 25
BCCH
TCH
49 50
1 khung TDMA = 8 TS
Burst = 156,25 bit periods = 0,577 ms

Hnh 4.1- T chc khung, a khung
4.1.2 Knh logic:

Cc knh logic l cc knh c phn bit theo chc nng, mang
cc thng tin iu khin, bo hiu gia BTS v MS. Cc knh logic ny

Chu t thm 05btt-07t
27 -
c t vo cc knh vt l ni trn. C th chia cc knh logic ny

gm hai loi knh: Cc knh lu lng (TCH) v cc knh bo hiu iu
khin.
Knh lu lng (TCH - Traffic Channel):
Cc knh lu lng ny gm hai loi c nh ngha nh sau:
- Bm hay TCH ton tc (TCH/F - Traffic Channel at Fullrate):
Knh ny mang thng tin ting hoc s liu tc khong 22,8 Kbps.
- Lm hay TCH bn tc (TCH/H - Traffic Channel at Halfrate):
Knh ny mang thng tin ting hoc s liu tc khong 11,4 Kbps.
Knh bo hiu iu khin :
Cc knh bo hiu iu khin c chia lm ba loi: Knh iu
khin qung b, knh iu khin chung, knh dnh ring.
- Knh iu khin qung b (BCCH - Broadcast Common Control
Channel): Knh pht qung b cc thng tin chung v . Cc bn tin ny
gi l thng tin h thng, BCCH ch s dng cho ng xung.
- Cc knh iu khin chung (CCCH - Common Control Channel)
gm:
Knh tm gi (PCH - Paging Channel) s dng cho ng xung
tm gi my di ng.
Knh thm nhp ngu nhin (RACH - Random Access Channel)
c MS dng yu cu cung cp mt knh dnh ring SDCCH.
Knh cho php thm nhp (AGCH - Access Grant Channel) ch
c s dng ng xung ch nh mt knh SDCCH cho MS.
- Cc knh iu khin dnh ring (DCCH-Dedicated Control
Channel) gm:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
28 -
Knh iu khin dnh ring ng mt mnh (SDCCH - Stand Alone

DCCH) ch c s dng dnh ring cho bo hiu vi mt MS.
Knh iu khin lin kt chm (SACCH - Slow Associcated
Control Channel) lin kt vi mt TCH hay mt SDCCH.
Knh iu khin lin kt nhanh (FACCH - Fast Associcated Control
Channel) lin kt vi mt TCH. FACCH lm vic ch ly ln bng
cch thay i lu lng ting hay s liu bng bo hiu.
Knh qung b (CBCH - Cellular Broadcast Channel): Ch c
dng ng xung pht qung b cc bn tin ngn (SMSCB) cho cc
t bo CBCH s dng cng knh vt l nh knh SDCCH.
4.2. Sp xp cc knh logic cc knh vt l
Xt mt BTS vi n sng mang (truyn song cng, mi sng mang
Co, ...,Cn) c 8 khe thi gian Ts. Vi Co ng xung, TSo c dng
ch nh sp xp cc knh iu khin.
..........
BCCH
..........
..........
Cc
khung
TDM
CCCH ng xung
Ghp cc BCH v CCCH TS0:

- Tso sng mang Co, ng ln xung cha cc knh FCCH, SCH
v BCCH, n c dng thm nhp BCCH, FCCH, SCH, FCH,
..........
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
..........
29 -
AGCH ng xung ring RACH ng ln.
- i vi TS1 c s dng sp xp cc knh iu khin dnh

R R R R R R R R R
..........................
51 khung
TDMA lin tip
ring ln cc knh vt l, do tc bit trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi

v ng k kh thp nn c th 8 SDCCH mt TS1, s dng TS hiu
qu hn.
Cc cch ghp knh TS1:
- CDCCH + SACCH ng xung.
- SDCCH + SACCH ng ln.
TS1 thng tin ca khe s c s dng cho cc knh lu thng
TCH. TS2 - TS7 gi l knh thng tin lu khng logic vi chu k lp li
l 26 TS.
TSo: L cc knh iu khin logic, chu k lp li l 51 Ts.
TS1: Cc knh iu khin logic, chu k lp li l 102 Ts.
- Vi cc sng mang C1 - CN dnh cho TS0 - TS7 u l TCH.
- Mi ch c 1 Co v ch c sau TCH ( TS2 - TS7 ).
- Vi sng mang b xung, c TS c th s dng cho TCH.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
30 -
CHNG 5:
CC DCH V TRONG GSM
Cc dch v trong GSM thng thng l dch v chuyn mch

knh. Giao din v tuyn sau khi thc hin sa sai l 12 Kbps (hoc
13 Kbps cho thoi). Tc ti a cho ngi s dng l 9,6 Kbps gia
MS v MSC. Trong nn tng , GSM c cc nhm dch v sau:
5.1. Dch v thoi
L dch v quan trng nht ca GSM . N cho php cc cuc gi
hai hng din ra gia ngi s dng GSM vi thu bao bt k mt
mng in thoi ni chung no .
Dch v cuc gi khn l mt loi dch v khc bt ngun t dch
v thoi. N cho php ngi dng c th lin lc vi cc dch v khn
cp nh cnh st hay cu ho m c th c hoc khng SIM Card trong
my di ng.
Mt dch v khc na l VMS, cho php cc bn tin thoi c th
c lu tr ri ly ra thi im bt k.
5.2. Dch v s liu

GSM c thit k a ra rt nhiu dch v s liu. Cc dch v
s liu c phn bit vi nhau bi ngi s dng phng tin (ngi
s dng in thoi PSTN, ISDN hoc cc mng c bit ...), bi bn cht
cc lung thng tin u cui (d liu th, Fax, Videotex, Teletex ...), bi
phng tin truyn dn (gi hay mch , ng b hay khng ng b ...)
v bi bn cht thit b u cui.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
31 -
Cc dch v ny cha thc s thch hp vi mi trng di ng.

Mt trong cc vn l do yu cu thit b u cui kh cng knh,
ch ph hp vi mc ch bn c nh hoc thit b t trn t.
5.3. Dch v bn tin ngn

Dch v bn tin ngn kh ph hp vi mi trng di ng. Cc bn
tin ngn di vi octet c th c tip nhn bng thit b u cui rt
nh.
C hai loi dch v bn tin ngn:
- Dch v bn tin ngn truyn im - im (gia hai thu bao). Loi
ny cng chia lm hai loi:
+ Dch v bn tin ngn kt cui di ng, im - im (SMS MO/PP): cho php ngi s dng GSM nhn cc bn tin ngn.
+ Dch v bn tin ngn khi u t Mobile, im - im (SMS
MI/PP): cho php ngi s dng GSM gi bn tin n ngi s dng
GSM khc.
- Dch v bn tin ngn pht qung b: cho php bn tin ngn gi
n my di ng trong mt vng a l nht nh.
5.4. Cc dch v ph
Cc dch v sa i v lm phong ph thm cc dch v c bn, ch
yu cho php ngi s dng la chn cuc gi n v i s c mng
x l nh th no hoc cung cp cho ngi s dng cc thng tin cho
php s dng dch v hiu qu hn.
Cc dch v thng l:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
32 -
- Chn hng cuc gi (CB).

- Gi cuc gi (CH).
- Chuyn cuc gi (CF).
- Hin th s my ch gi (CLIP).
- Cm hin th s my ch gi (CLIR).
- i cuc gi (CW).
- Tnh cc cho thu bao.
- Hi ngh (MPTY).
- Nhm thu (CUG).
- Cho php thu bao chuyn vng.
- Cho php thu bao chuyn mng.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
33 -
CHNG 6 :
MT S TH D V CUC GI TRONG MNG GSM
6.1. Cuc gi ra t MS
Cc chui tn hiu cho cuc gi ra t MS trnh by hnh 6.1. Cc
tn hiu bo hiu hnh nh sau:
Hnh 6.1 : Chui tn hiu cho bo hiu ca cuc gi ra t MS
1. MS thm nhp mng knh RACH cng vi yu cu mt knh

iu khin dnh ring. Mng tr li MS knh AGCH bng n
nh knh SDCCH.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
34 -
2. MS yu cu mt dch v CM (chng hn kt ni chuyn mch theo

mch, tch cc dch v b xung, truyn bn tin ngn) SDDCH
c n nh. Bn sao Yu cu dch v CM c BTS gi tr li
MS theo nguyn l phn gii xung t trnh trng hp khi
nhiu MS cng pht yu cu dch v trn cng mt knh SDDCH.
3. Trc khi tip nhn yu cu dch v mng c th khi u nhn
thc MS.
4. Sau khi nhn thc thnh cng, mng khi u mt m ha ng
v tuyn ( ch khi cn thit lp mt kt ni mi ). Lnh ch mt
m ha ng thi cng l s chp nhn yu cu dch v t pha
MS.
5. By gi MS c th bt u bo hiu iu khin cuc gi thng
thung nh ta bit ISDN. Mng (MSC) kim tra VLR xem
MS c ng k dch v m n yu cu Thit lp trc khi chp
thun cuc gi ( bng ang tin hnh gi ). Cp pht knh TCH
c th sm hoc mun.
6.2. Cuc gi vo t mng c nh

Lu bo hiu ca cuc gi vo t mng c nh c cho hnh
6.2. Cc tn hiu bo hiu hnh nh sau:
1. Cuc gi vo c nh tuyn n tng i cng ca MSC (
GMSC ) ca mng GSM trn c s ca s MS-ISSDN ( MSISDN
) l s in thoi ca MS.
2. chuyn cuc gi n v tr hin ti ca MS, GMSC yu cu
thng tin nh tuyn HLR. HLR hoc lu tr thng tin nh
tuyn ( MSRN - MS Roaminghttp://www.ebook.edu.vn
Number: s lu ng ca tram di
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
35 -
ng ) chnh mnh hoc thu thp thng tin ny t VLR chu

trch nhim cho vng ni MS ang c mt. MSRN c gi tr
li GMSC, sau GMSC nh tuyn cuc gi.
3. Khi cuc gi chuyn n MSC ang qun l vng c MS, MSC
yu cu VLR cung cp s nhn dng vng nh v ( LAI: Location
Area Indentity ) v sau tm gi MS vng ny.
4. Khi MS nhn nhn c yu cu tm gi, n yu cu mt knh
SDCCH ( xem bc 1 ca cuc gi ra ) v tr li bng Tr li
tm gi. Sau mng c th khi u nhn thc v mt m ( xem
cc bc 3 v 4 cuc gi ra ).
5. By gi mng c th hon thnh cuc gi vo bng cch s dng
bo hiu iu khin cuc gi bng bo hiu nh ta bit t
ISDN. tit kim tim nng v tuyn mng ch cp pht knh
lu lng cho cuc gi khi cuc gi ny c MS tip nhn (
khng nh cuc gi ).
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
36 -
Hnh 6.2 : Chui tn hiu bo hiu cho cuc gi vo t mng c nh
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
37 -
CHNG 7:
GII THIU CHUNG V CNG NGH GPRS
7.1. Tng quan
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) l dch v truyn ti mi cho
h thng GSM, n ci thin mt cch hiu qu vic truy nhp v tuyn
ti cc mng truyn s liu nh X.25, Internetbng cch p dng
nguyn l gi v tuyn truyn s liu ca ngi s dng mt cch
hiu qu gia my in thoi di ng ti cc mng truyn s liu. Cc
gi tin c th truyn trc tip t my di ng GPRS ti cc mng chuyn
mch s liu.
Ngi s dng GPRS c li t vic thi gian truy nhp ngn
hn cng nh tc truyn s liu cao hn. Trong h thng GSM thng
thng vic thit lp kt ni din ra trong vi giy v tc truyn s
liu hn ch 9,6 Kbit/s. GPRS cho php thi gian thit lp di mt
giy v tc truyn s liu ti a t trn 115 Kbit/s.
Chuyn mch knh khng thch hp cho lu lng ln, v ngi s
dng phi tr tin cho ton b thi gian chim dng knh mc d c
nhng thi im khng c gi tin no c gi i. Tri li vi cng ngh
chuyn mch gi (GPRS), khch hng c th s ch phi tr tin cho s
cc gi tin c chuyn i, iu ny thun li cho ngi s dng khi kt
ni trc tuyn mt thi gian di vi mng.
Tm li, GPRS ci thin vic s dng ti nguyn v tuyn, tc
truyn s liu cao hn, khch hng ch phi tr tin cho s gi tin gi v
nhn, ngoi ra thi gian truy nhp cng ngn hn.
Cng ngh GPRS c vin Tiu chun Vin thng Chu u EISI
pht trin v chuyn ho cho d liuhttp://www.ebook.edu.vn
gi trong cc h thng GSM. Ti
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 38 -
M, GPRS cng c Hip hi Cng nghip Vin thng TIA chp thun
nh l tiu chun d liu gi cho cc h thng TDMA/IS 136. Hin
c tin hnh trin khai ti mt s nc trn Th gii.
7.2. CU TRC H THNG GPRS.

7.2.1. Cu trc logic mng GPRS
Mng GPRS c xy dng trn c s cu trc mng GSM hin ti,
cng thm mt s phn t mi. Mt mng GPRS gm cc phn t sau
y:
Nt h tr dch v GPRS (SGSN Serving GPRS Support
Node)
Nt h tr cng GPRS (GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node)
Trung tm vn hnh bo dng GPRS (OMC G)
H thng v tuyn
My in thoi di ng h tr GPRS
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 39 -
SMS-GMSC
MSM-IWMSC
E
C
Gd
D
MSC/VL
A
BS PCU
GS
HLR
Gr
SGSN
Gb
SMS-C
Bc tng
la
GC
GGSN
GP
Gi
DHCP
DNS
Gf
BG
Khc
BTS
EIR
CG
GGSN
H thng
tnh cc
Giao din s liu v bo hiu

Giao din bo hiu
Hnh 1.1. Cu trc h thng GPRS
SMS GMSC : Gateway MSC for short Message Service MSC c

cng cho dch v nhn tin ngn.
SMS IWMSC : Interworking MSC for Short Message Service
MSC lin mng cho dch v nhn tin ngn.
SMS C : Short Message Service Center Trung tm dch v nhn
tin.
MSC : Mobile Switching Center Trung tm chuyn mch (tng i)
di ng
VLR : Visitor Location Register B ng k tm tr
HLR : Home Location Register B ng k thng tr

Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 40 -
BSC : Base Station Controller B iu khin trm gc

PCU : Packet Control Unit khi (n v) iu khin gi
BTS : Base Transceiver Station Trm thu pht gc
SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node Nt h tr dch v ca GPRS
GGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node Nt h tr cng GPRS
BG : Border Gateway Cng ngoi bin
EIR : Equipment Identity Register B ng k nhn dng thit b
CG :
DHCP :
DNC : Data Networking System or Domain Name Server H thng
d liu hoc my ch tn min.
7.2.2. Chc nng cc phn t trong mng GPRS.
a. Nt h tr dch v GPRS (SGSN)
Nt h tr dch v GPRS (SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node)
ph trch vic phn phn pht v nh tuyn cc gi s liu gia my
cm tay MS v cc mng truyn s liu bn ngoi. SGSN khng ch nh
tuyn cc gi s liu gia my di ng MS v nt h tr cng GPRS
GGSN m cn ng k cho cc my di ng GPRS mi xut hin trong
vng phc v ca n.
SGSN c cc chc nng chnh nh sau:
Qun tr di ng : Bao gm qn l vic nhp mng, ri mng

ca thu bao GPRS, qun l v tr hin din ca thu bao trong
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 41 -
vng phc v, thc hin cc chc nng bo mt, an ninh cho

mng.
nh tuyn v truyn ti cc gi d liu i n hay c xut

pht t vng phc v ca SGSN .
Qun l cc trung k logic bao gm cc knh lu lng gi d

liu lu lng cc bn tin ngn (SMS)
Thit lp hay hu b cc giao thc d liu gi PDP phc v

cho vic truyn ti cc gi d liu PDU gia thu bao GPRS v
GGSN thng qua hai giao din Gn v Gb.
Thc hin k thut nn d liu c truyn ti gia SGSN v

my di ng nhm nng cao hiu qu ca cc kt ni trong
mng
Cung cp cc kh nng kt ni vi cc phn t khc trong

mng nh : SGSN MSC/VLR, HLR, BSC
Cung cp kh nng tng tc vi mng GSM khi c hai cng

ngh ny cng s dng chung mt ngun ti nguyn.
iu hnh vic xp hng ca cc gi d liu trao i gia trm

gc BSS v nt h tr dch v GPRS (SGSN)
Cung cp d liu hc v cho vic tnh cc, cc thng tin phc v

tnh cc c thu thp ti SGSN ch lin quan n phn s dng
mng v tuyn ca cc thu bao.
b. Nt h tr cng GPRS (SGSN)
Nhn v mt h thng, GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) ng
vai tr nh mt GMSC (Gate Mobile Switching Center Trung tm
chuyn mch cng di ng). GGSN cung cp mt giao din cng phc
v cho vic trao i d liu gi bn ngoi (PDN). N cung cp a ch

Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 42 -
nh tuyn cho cc d liu c phn phi ti my di ng v gi cc s

liu xut pht t my di ng ti a ch c ch nh. GGSN cng
tng tc vi cc mng chuyn mch gi ngoi v c kt ni vi
SGSN theo giao thc IP da trn mng ng trc GPRS.
GGSN c hai giao din Gi v Gn, trong giao din Gi phc v
cho vic trao i d liu gia thu bao GPRS vi cc mng thit b u
cui thuc mng d liu bn ngoi c kt ni vi GGSN. Giao din
Gn phc v cho vic truyn ti d liu bo hiu gia GGSN v SGSN,
kt ni ny c thc hin qua mng IP (mng ng trc GPRS).
GGSN cn c ni vi b ng k thng tr HLR qua giao din
Gc thu thp thng tin nh tuyn cng nh cc d liu v thu bao
GPRS. GGSN c cc chc nng chnh sau:
Cung cp giao din gia mng GPRS vi cc mng d liu

bn ngoi. Nhn t pha cc mng bn ngoi GPRS ng vai
tr nh mt b nh tuyn n tt c cc thu bao c phc
v bi GPRS.
nh tuyn v truyn ti d liu gia GPRS v cc mng d

liu GPRS.
Qun tr cc phin lm vic GPRS, thit lp thng tin v pha

cc mng bn ngoi.
Cung cp kh nng chuyn i khun dng cc gi d liu

c trao i gia mng GPRS v cc mng d liu khc.
iu ny cho php cc gi d liu X.25 v IP c truyn ti
vi cng khun dng v cc thng qua mng GPRS.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 43 -
Cung cp d liu phc v cho vic tnh cc, cc thng tin

c thu thp ti GGSN ch lin quan n phn s dng d
liu bn ngoi.
iu khin vic truy nhp trn GGSN
Chc nng bo mt khi kt ni Internet.
c. S kt hp gia nt h tr dch v SGSN v nt h tr cng GGSN.

Cc chc nng ca SGSN v GGSN c th kt hp vi nhau trong
cng mt khi vt l hoc c th tch bit thnh cc khi ring bit.
SGSN v GGSN c cc chc nng nh tuyn IP, chng c th kt hp
vi cc b nh tuyn IP (router).
Khi SGSN v GGSN thuc v hai mng di ng mt t cng cng
PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) khc nhau, chng c kt ni
thng qua giao din Gn (giao din gia SGSN v GGSN nm trong cng
mt PLMN) cng thm chc nng v an ninh c yu cu khi trao i
thng tin gia cc PLMN khc nhau, cc chc nng v an ninh ny c
xy dng tu thuc vo tho thun ca cc nh khai thc.
Khi a mng GPRS vo khai thc, da trn mng GSM hin c th
cc phn t ca mng GSM cng tr thnh phn t ca mng GPRS.
d. H thng trm gc BSS.
Phn BSS cung cp tt c cc chc nng iu khin v truyn dn
thng tin phn v tuyn ca mng, bao gm :
* Khi iu khin d liu gi PSU (Packet Control Unit)
Khi iu khin d liu gi PCU c nhim v kt hp cc chc
nng iu khin knh v tuyn GPRS vi phn h thng trm gc BSS
cu mng GSM hin ti, PCU c t ti b iu khin trm gc BSC
v phc v BSC . PCU qun l cc chc nng v chuyn tip khung

Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 44 -
(nu PCU c kt ni vi GSM qua mng chuyn tip khung), qun l

cc thng tin bo hiu v dch v mng, bo hiu BSSGP (giao thc
GPRS BSS), nh tuyn cc bn tin bo hiu, qun l ti tin cc lp
RLC/MAC (iu khin kt ni v tuyn/ iu khin truy nhp trung
gian) v truyn ti d liu ca ngi s dng.
D liu ca ngi s dng s c chuyn t BTS ti BSC thng
qua ng ln CCU (Channel Control Unit), sau truyn qua ng
E1 ti PCU. Ti PCU cc khi d liu RLC s c sp xp li trong
khung (iu khin lin kt logic), sau c chuyn ti SGSN. Bo
hiu BSSGP v NS (dch v mng) s dng gaio thc chuyn tip
khung, lm nhim v bo hiu gia PCU v SGSN. PCU c kt ni
vi GSN thng qua mng chuyn tip khung hoc cng c th c kt
ni trc tip vi GSN.
* B iu khin trm gc BSC

Trong mng GPRS, BSC (Base Station Controller) ng vai tr
trung tm phn phi, nh tuyn d liu v thng tin bo hin GPRS.
BSC cng cung cp tt c cc chc nng lin quan n phn BSS ca
mng. BSC c th thit lp, gim st v hu b kt ni ca cc cuc gi
chuyn mch knh cng nh chuyn mch gi. BSC cn cung cp cc
chc nng v chuyn vng, thit lp cc tham s ca cc t bo (cell)
trong mng.
* Trm gc BTS
BTS (Base Transceiver Station) cung cp kh nng n nh cc
knh vt l ti cc khe thi gian cho http://www.ebook.edu.vn
cuc gi chuyn mch trong mng
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 45 -
GSM v d liu chuyn mch gi GPRS. BTS kt hp vi PCU thc

hin cc chc nng v v tuyn trong mng GPRS.
D liu gi ca ngi s dng s c chuyn t BTS ti BSC qua
ng ln CCU. CCU trong BTS thc hin m knh bao gm sa li
trc (FEC), n thc hin vic o knh v tuyn, s nh x ca GPRS v
bo hiu trn giao din Abis trn ng truyn ti BSC.
e. Phn h chuyn mch.
* Trung tm chuyn mch di ng / B ng k tm tr MSC / VLR
MSC/VLR (Mobile Switching Center/ Visitor Location Register)
c s dng cho vic ng k v lin lc vi thu bao nhng khng
ng vai tr g trong vic nh tuyn d liu GPRS. Mt MSC c th
c kt ni vi mt hoc nhiu SGSN tu thuc vo lu lng thng
tin. Trong h thng GPRS, MSC/VLR khng c dng cho th tc
nhn thc thu bao nh trong h thng GSM m thay vo l HLR, do
SGSN s nhn b ba thng s dnh cho vic nhn thc t b ng k
thng tr/ trung tm nhn thc HLR/AUC.
* B ng k thng tr / trung tm nhn thc HLR / AUC
B ng k thng tr HLR (Home Location Register) lu gi tt c
cc thng tin v thu bao GSM cng nh GPRS. Thng tin v thu bao
GPRS c trao i gia HLR vi SGSN. Thm vo , nh trn
trnh by, HLR c s dng trc tip cho vic nhn thc thu bao thay
cho MSC/VLR trong h thng GSM.
Trung tm nhn thc AUC (Authentication User Center) cung cp
b ba thng s dnh cho vic nhn thc v thc hin m ho ng
truyn. Th tc nhn thc trong GPRS v GSM l nh nhau, ch c qu
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 46 -
trnh m ho ng truyn l thay i so vi h thng GSM, s thay i

ny khng tc ng g n AUC, do khng cn cp nht AUC.
* B ng k nhn dng thit b EIR
B ng k nhn dng thit b EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
vn thc hin chc nng nh trong h thng GSM. EIR lu gi tt c cc
d liu lin quan n thit b u cui MS. EIR c ni n MSC qua
ng bo hiu kim tra s c php ca thit b, mt thit b khng
c php s b cm.
f. Thit b u cui GPRS (MS)
Thit b u cui GPRS c th hot ng c 3 ch :
Ch 1 (Class 1) : ch ny my u cui di ng c th s
dng c hai dch v chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi ng

thi.
Ch 2 (Class 2) : ch ny my u cui di ng khng th
s dng c hai dch v chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi ng
thi, nhng c th s dng hai dch v ny theo kiu lin tip nhau,
trn c s cc dch v ny c la chn t ng. My u cui di
ng c th nhn c nhn tin cho dch v chuyn mch knh trong
khi ang truyn ti d liu di dng gi. Khi my u cui di
ng c th tm dng vic truyn ti d liu trong khong thi gian
thc hin kt ni ny kt thc, my u cui di ng s t ng
chuyn v trng thi truyn ti d liu.
Ch 3 (Class 3) : ch ny ch cho php my u cui di
ng s dng mt dch v chuyn mch knh hay chuyn mch gi
ti mt thi im. S la chn ny c thc hin bng nhn cng
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 47 -
hoc mc nh. My u cui di ng no ch h tr GPRS lun hot

ng ch ny.
g. Thit b cung cp dch v SMS nhn tin ngn (SMS GMSC v
SMS IWMSC)
SMS GMSC (Tng i di ng c cng cho dch v nhn tin
ngn) v SMS IWMSC (Tng i di ng lin mng cho dch v nhn
tin ngn) c kt ni vi SGSN qua giao din Gd nhm cung cp kh
nng truyn ti cc bn tin ngn trn cc knh v tuyn.
CHNG 8 :
CC GIAO DIN V GIAO THC TRONG MNG GPRS
Cc giao thc ca GPRS cung cp cc chc nng iu khin v

truyn ti d liu trn mt phng bo hiu v mt phng truyn dn.
8.1. Mt phng truyn dn
Mt phng truyn dn bao gm cc cu trc giao thc phn lp
phc v cho vic truyn ti d liu ca ngi s dng, kt hp vi cc
th tc iu khin phc v cho vic truyn ti nh : iu khin lung,
pht hin v sa li
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 48 -
ng dng
IP/X25
IP/X25
Chuyn tip IP
SNDPC
LLC
Chuyn tip
RLC
BSSGP
Chuyn tip
MAC
khung
GSM RF L1 bis
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
MS
SNDCP
LLC
Um
BSS
BSSGP
Chuyn
tip khung
L1 bis
Gb
GTP
GTP
UDP/TCP
UDP/TCP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
Hnh 2.1. Cu trc phn lp giao thc
Giao thc GTP (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol giao thc to ng

hm GPRS): Giao thc ny phc v cho vic truyn ti d liu gia cc
GSN trong mng ng trc GPRS. Tt c cc PTP, PDP, PDU u
oc kt hp bi GTP. GTP cng c th cung cp kh nng iu khin
lung gia cc GSN.
Giao thc TCP/UDP (Transmission Control Protocol/ User
Datagram Protocol giao thc iu khin truyn dn/ Giao thc d liu
gi ngi s dng) : TCP chuyn cc khi iu khin d liu gi (PDU)
ca GTP trong mng ng trc GPRS cho cc giao thc cn thit
lin kt d liu tin cy (nh X.25). TCP cung cp kh nng iu khin
lung v bo v chng li s tht thot hay ngt qung cc PDU ca
GTP. UDP chuyn cc PDU cu GTP cho cc giao thc khng cn phi
c mt lin kt d liu tin cy (v d nh IP). UDP cung cp kh nng
bo v chng li vic PDU ca GTP b ngt qung v chuyn cc bn tin
bo hiu gia cc GSN.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 49 -
Giao thc IP (Internet Protocol): L giao thc c dng trong
mng ng trc GPRS, phc v cho vic bo hiu v nh tuyn d

liu.
Giao thc SNDCP (SubNetwork Dependent Convergence
Protocol Giao thc hi t ph thuc phn h mng): Giao thc ph

trch chuyn i cc c tnh lp mng v cc c tnh di lp mng.
SNDCP thc hin cc chc nng:
- Ghp knh cc gi d liu t mt hay nhiu ng dng vo
mt lin kt logic.
- Nn thng tin iu khin v d liu ca ngi dng trc khi
c chuyn t lp mng xung lp iu khin kt ni logic
LLC.
- Phn mnh v tp hp d liu : thng tin sau khi c nn s
c phn mnh cho ph hp vi kch c ca khung LLC.
iu khin kt ni logic (LLC Logital Link Control): Cung
cp lin kt d liu tin cy gia my u cui v SGSN ang phc v

my u cui . LLC s cung cp cc dch v cn thit cho vic bo
dng lin kt d liu c m ho gia my u cui v SGSN. LLC
h tr cc th tc:
- Phc v truyn ti cc PDU ca LLC gia cc my u cui
v SGSN ch xc nhn v ch khng xc nhn.
- Pht hin v khi phc cc PDU ca LLC b tht lc hoc
ngt qung.
- iu khin lung v m ho cc PDU ca LLC gia my u
cui v SGSN. Cc kt ni logic ny c truyn mang tnh
trong sut i vi BSC. Tt cc bn tin bo hiu ti BSC s

Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 50 -
i t my di ng qua BSC ti SGSN ri mi quay tr li

BSC.
Chuyn tip (Relay): Trong BSC chc nng ny s c
chuyn tip cc PDU ca LLC gia giao din Um v Gb. Ti SGSN, n

s chuyn tip cc PDU ca PDP (Packet Data Protocol Giao thc d
liu gi) gia cc giao din Gb v Gn.
Giao thc BSSGP (BSS GPRS Protocol giao thc GPRS ca
BSS): Giao thc ny c trch nhim vn chuyn cc thng tin v nh

tuyn v cp phc v (GoS) gia BSC v SGSN, BSSGP khng thc
hin chc nng sa li.
Dch v mng: Truyn ti cc khi iu khin d liu PDU
da trn giao thc BSSGP.
iu khin lin kt v tuyn/ iu khin truy nhp khng gian
(RLC/MAC Radio Link Radio/ Medium Access Control): Chc nng

LLC cung cp mt lin kt tin cy trn giao din v tuyn. Cn chc
nng MAC iu khin cc th tc bo hiu truy nhp trn knh v tuyn
v thc hin sp xp cc khung LLC vo cc knh vt l.
GSM RF (Tn s v tuyn GSM): to lp nn khung TDMA.
8.2. Mt phng bo hiu

Mt phng bo hiu bao gm cc giao thc iu khin v h tr cho
cc chc
nng c thc hin mt phng truyn dn, n bao gm:
iu khin vic truy nhp mng GPRS nh nhp mng v ri
mng.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 51 -
iu khin thit lp cc kt ni trong mng nh qu trnh khi
hot mt a ch PDP.
iu khin vic nh tuyn trong mng, h tr kh nng di
dng ca MS.
iu khin vic n nh, cp pht ti nguyn.
Cung cp cc dch v b sung.
8.2.1. Giao din Gb

Giao din Gb l giao din gia BSS v SGSN. Hnh 2.2 m t giao
din Gb. SGSN vi mt hay nhiu khi iu khin gi PCU (Packet
Control Unit) c kt ni vi nhau qua giao din Gb. N cho php
nhiu ngi s dng c th cng chia s ngun ti nguyn chung. Cc
bn tin bo hiu v d liu ngi dng c th c gi trn cng ngun
ti nguyn vt l.
GMM/SM (GPRS Mobility Management/ Session Management
Qun l di ng GPRS/ Qun l phin): Giao thc ny h tr cho chc
nng qun tr di ng trong mng GPRS nh nhp mng, ri mng, cp
nht vng nh tuyn, cp nht vng nh v, khi to/ hu b PDP
context.
Giao din ny h tr:
- Dng chung h tng mng: cho php lu lng trn giao din
A (trong GSM) v Gb c th cng i trn mt con ng E1.
- Kt hp cc lin kt: Cho php kt hp nhiu giao din Gb
trn nhiu ng E1 v mt ng E1.
- iu khin lung.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 52 -
GMM/SM
GMM/SM
LLC
LLC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
GSM RF
GSM RF
MS
Um
RLC
Dch v
mng
BSSGP
Dch v
mng
L1 bis
BSS
L1 bis
Gb
SGSN
Hnh 2.2. Ngn xp giao thc Gb

LLC: Lp iu khin lin kt logic
RLC: Lp iu khin kt ni v tuyn
L1 bis: Lp 1 bis
MAC: Lp iu khin truy nhp trung gian
GMM/SM: Qun l di ng GPRS/ Qun l phin
GSM RF : Tn s v tuyn GSM.
8.2.2. Giao din Gr
Giao din Gr l giao din gia HLR v SGSN chuyn cc thng
tin v h s thu bao, a ch SGSN hin ti v a ch PDP. Hnh 2.3 l
cu trc ca giao din Gr:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 53 -
MAP
MAP
TCAP
TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
SGSN
Gr
HLR
Hnh 2.3. Ngn xp giao thc Gr

MAP (Mobile Application Port): Cng ng dng di ng
TCAP (Transation Capabilities Application Part): Phn ng dng cc
kh nng giao dch
SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part): Phn iu khin kt ni bo
hiu
MTP (Message Transfer Part): Phn chuyn giao tin bo.
L1 (Layer 1): Lp 1.
Giao din ny kt ni SGSN vi HLR bi bo hiu s 7, cung cp
kh nng truy nhp ti tt c cc nt trong mng bo hiu s 7, bao gm
HLR ca ni mng PLMN khc. Ti giao din ny, giao thc MAP h
tr cho kh nng trao i tn hiu gia SGSN v HLR. Cn cc giao thc
TCAP, SCCP, MTP3, MTP2 ging nh giao thc c s dng h tr
MAP trong mng GSM.
8.2.3. Giao din Gs
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 54 -
Giao din Gs l giao din gia SGSN v MSC/VLR trong trng

hp kt hp gia cc dch v chuyn mch gi GPRS v chuyn mch
knh GSM.
Cu trc ca giao din Gs:
BSSAP
BSSAP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
Gs
SGSN
MSC/VLR
Hnh 2.4. Ngn xp giao thc Gs

Ti giao din ny, giao thc BSSAP+ l mt phn trong cc th tc
BSSAP nhm h tr cho vic bo hiu gia SGSN v MSC/VLR.
8.2.4. Giao din Gf
Giao din Gf l giao din gia b ghi nh v nhn dng thit b EIR
v SGSN c th hi v s IMEI ca trm di ng. Ti giao din ny,
giao thc MAP h tr cho bo hiu gia hai phn t SGSN v EIR phc
v cho vic nhn dng thit b u cui.
MAP
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
TCAP
SCCP
MAP
TCAP - 55 SCCP
EIR (Equipment Identity Register): B ng k nhn dng thit b.

8.2.5. Giao din Gd
Cu trc ca giao din Gd:
MAP
MAP
TCAP
TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
SGSN
Gd
SMSGMSC
Hnh 2.6. Ngn xp giao thc Gd
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 56 -
SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node): Nt h tr dch v ca GPRS.

SMS GMSC (Gateway MSC for Short Message Service): Tng i di
ng lin mng cho dch v nhn tin ngn.
Gd l giao din gia SGSN vi SMS GMSC v SGSN vi SMS
IWMSC. Ti giao din ny, giao thc MAP h tr cho vic bo hiu
gia SGSN v SMS SMSC phc v cho vic truyn ti cc bn tin
ngn.
8.2.6. Giao din Gn
Cu trc ca giao din Gn:
GTP
GTP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
Hnh 2.7. Ngn xp giao thc Gn

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): Nt h tr cng ni GPRS
GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol): Giao thc to ng hm GPRS
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Giao thc d liu gi ngi s dng
IP (Internet Protocol): Giao thc Internet
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 57 -
Gn l giao din gia cc SGSN hay gia SGSN v GGSN, chc

nng ca cc lp, cc giao thc c m t cc phn trc. Gn
thng c cu hnh nh cc giao din IP, cc giao din ny s dng
cc giao din vt l ring bit vi cc a ch IP ring bit. Vic ghp
knh (multiplexing) cc giao din IP ny c thc hin mc nh
tuyn IP.
8.2.7. Giao din Gi
Cu trc ca giao din Gi:
MAC
ng dng
IP
SNDCP
L2
LLC
RLC
UDP/TC
P
IP
MAC
L2
L2
MAC
GSM RF
L1
L1
GSM RF
MS
Um
IP
GGS
N
Gi
H thng cui
Hnh 2.8. Ngn xp giao thc Gi

Gi l giao din gia GGSN v cc mng s liu bn ngoi nh mng
d liu gi chuyn mch cng cng PSPDN (Public Switched Data
Network), mng d liu gi chuyn mch knh CSPDN (Circuit
Switched Packet Data network), Internet, Intranet nhm phc v cho
vic trao i d liu gia thu bao di ng v cc mng ngoi.
8.2.8. Giao din Gc
Cu trc ca giao din Gc:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 58 -
MAP
MAP
TCAP
TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
GGSN
Gc
HLR
Hnh 2.9. Ngn xp giao thc Gc
Qua giao din ny, cc phn t GGSN v HLR c th trao i

thng tin bo hiu cho nhau. C hai cch thit lp tuyn bo hiu ny, c
th:
- Nu giao tuyn bo hiu s (SS7) c ci t trong GGSN,
giao thc MAP c s dng trao i thng tin gia
GGSN v HLR.
- Nu giao din SS7 khng c ci t trong GGSN, khi
bt k phn t GSN (GPRS Support Node Nt h tr
GPRS) no trong cng mng di ng mt t cng cng
PLMN c ci t giao din SS7 vi vai tr GGSN c th
s dng vic trao i GTP v MAP trao i thng tin gia
GGSN v HLR.
8.3. Giao din v tuyn Um
Giao din v tuyn Um l giao din gia my di ng v phn h
trm gc BSS m trn my di ng v mng c th trao i bo hiu
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 59 -
v d liu cho nhau. Giao din v tuyn GPRS c th c phn cp

thnh cc lp logic (Hnh 2.10)
SNDCP
SNDCP
LLC
LLC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
Kt ni vt
l
RF vt l
Kt ni vt l
RF vt l
Trm di ng MS
Um
Mng
Hnh 2.10. Giao din v tuyn
Lp vt l c phn chia theo chc nng thnh hai lp con: Lp

RF vt l v lp kt ni vt l.
8.3.1. Lp RF vt l
Thc hin iu ch dng sng tn hiu t chui bit nhn c t lp
lin kt vt l. Lp ny cng gii iu ch dng sng thu c thnh cc
chui bit chuyn ln lp lin kt vt l. Lp ny c s dng nh l
nn tng cho GPRS.
8.3.2. Lp kt ni vt l
Cung cp cc knh vt l gia trm di ng MS v mng. Chc
nng ny bao gm ghp khi d liu, m ho s liu, pht hin v hiu
chnh li truyn dn trn ng truyn vt l. Lp lin kt vt l s dng
cc dch v ca lp RF vt l. Chc nng iu khin lp lin kt vt l
cho php duy tr thng tin trn cc knh vt l gia MS v mng. Cc
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 60 -
th tc chuyn giao s khng c s dng trong GPRS, thay vo l

cc th tc cp nht nh tuyn v cp nht (cell)
Lp lin kt vt l c nhim v thc hin cc th tc sau:
- M ho sa li trc, cho php pht hin v hiu chnh t m
pht i v ch th cc t m khng th hiu chnh c.
- Ghp xen
- Th tc pht hin nghn trn cc lin kt vt l
- Th tc ng b iu chnh ti tham s TA (Timing
Advance - nh thi sm)
- nh thi sm th tc gim st v nh gi cht lng tn
hiu
- Th tc la chn v ti la chn
- Th tc iu khin cng suet pht
- Th tc cho php tit kim pin nh thu khng lin tc DRX
(Discontinuous Reception)
8.3.3. Lp RLC/MAC
MAC (Medium Access Control - iu khin truy nhp trung gian)
xc nh cc th tc cho php nhiu my di ng c th cng chia s ti
nguyn chung (v d nh cng chia s cc knh vt l), MAC cho php
mt my di ng n l c th s dng nhiu knh vt l ng thi. RLC
(Radio Link Control - iu khin kt ni v tuyn) xc nh th tc
truyn li cc khi d liu RLC b li, n cng cung cp kh nng phn
mnh v sp xp li cc khi d liu gi PDU trong lp LLC vo trong
khi d liu RLC. C th:
Chc nng ca MAC:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 61 -
- Cung cp kh nng ghp knh d liu v bo hiu c ng

ln v ng xung.
- iu khin truy nhp cc knh v tuyn, thc hin cc th
tc pht hin, khi phc v trnh xung t (i vi vic truy
nhp c khi to t my di ng)
- Qun l hng i ca cc gi d liu i vi truy nhp knh
kt ni MS.
- Qun l cc mc u tin.
Chc nng ca RLC:
- Truyn ti cc PDU ca LLC gia lp LLC v chc nng
MAC
- Phn mnh v sp xp cc PDU ca LLC vo cc khi d
liu RLC
- Sa li li BEC (Back Error Correction), n cho php truyn
li cc t m c th khng ng.
- Truyn ti cc t m tu thuc vo iu kin ca cc knh
truyn dn.
8.3.4. Lp LLC
Cc chc nng ca lp LLC bao gm:
- Truyn ti cc khi d liu giao thc phn h mng SN
PDU (SubNetwork Protocol Data Unit) gia lp SNDCP
v lp LLC.
- Truyn ti cc khi d liu gi PDU ca lp iu khin kt
ni logic LL (LL PDU) gia my di ng SGSN.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 62 -
- Phn pht LL PDU t im n im c hai ch : xc

nhn v khng xc nhn gia my di ng SGSN.
- Phn pht LL PDU t im n a im gia my di ng
v SGSN.
- Pht hin v khi phc cc LL PDU b tht lc
- iu khin lung v cc LL PDU gia my di ng v
SGSN.
- M ho cc LL PDU
8.3.5. Giao thc GMM/SM (Qun l di ng GPRS/ Qun l phin)
H tr cho chc nng qun tr di ng trong mng GPRS bao gm:
qun l vic nhp mng, ri mng, cp nht vng nh tuyn, cp nht
vng nh v, khi to/ hu b PDP context. Cn lu rng SNDCP ch
l mt phn ca giao thc GMM/SM.
8.4. Mng v tuyn GPRS.
8.4.1. Knh vt l
H thng mng GPRS s dng hon ton giao din khng gian (Air
Interface) hay l kt ni gia trm di ng MS v trm thu pht gc BTS
ca mng GSM c ngha l a truy nhp theo thi gian TDMA (Time
Division Multiple Asscess) v mi khung TDMA c to thnh bi 8
khe thi gian tn s v tuyn (Radio Frequency Time Slot).
Mt khe thi gian tn s v tuyn ca khung TDMA c gi l
mt knh vt l. Thng tin gi i trn mt khe thi gian tn s v tuyn
c gi l mt cm (Burst). Mt knh vt l c th c s dng cho
mt knh logic hoc mt phn ca knh logic.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 63 -
Vic n nh cc knh ca GPRS khc vi GSM. GPRS cho php

mt trm di ng truyn trn nhiu khe thi gian ca cng mt khung
TDMA (hot ng theo kiu a khe thi gian). iu ny cho php n
nh knh rt linh hot, t 1 n 8 khe thi gian trong mt khung TDMA
c th n nh cho mt trm di ng. Hn th na, ng up-link v
down-link c n nh ring, iu ny cho php tng hiu sut i vi
cc dng d liu khng i xng nh trnh duyt WEB chng hn l
dng ng dng dng ng down-link nhiu hn ng up-link.
i vi GSM, mt knh tn s c n nh vnh vin cho mt
thu bao nht nh trong thi gian cuc gi cho d d liu c c
truyn i hay khng. Ngc li, i vi GPRS, cc knh tn s c n
nh khi cc gi d liu c gi i hoc nhn v v sau cc knh tn
s ny s c gii phng sau khi kt thc truyn. i vi vic truyn
khng lin tc d liu, iu ny cho php s dng c hiu qu hn
ngun ti nguyn v tuyn khan him. Vi nguyn tc ny, nhiu thu
bao c th chia s 1 knh vt l.
Mt ca GPRS c th n nh cc knh vt l cho lu lng
GPRS. Knh vt l ny c biu th bng knh d liu gi (Packet Data
Channel). Cc knh PDCH c tch ra t t hp cc knh ri trong .
Do , ti nguyn c chia s bi tt c cc trm di ng GPRS cng
nh cc trm khng phi GPRS. Vic sp xp cc knh vt l cho cc
dch v chuyn mch gi (GPRS) hoc cc dch v chuuyn mch knh
(GSM) c th c thc hin mt cch linh ng (nguyn tc dung
lng theo yu cu) ph thuc vo ti hin ti, mc u tin ca dch
v v mc a khe thi gian. Th tc gim st ti c s dng gim
st ti ca knh PDCH trong . Da vo nhu cu hin ti, cc knh s
c n nh cho dch v GPRS vi s lng knh PDCH c th thay
i.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 64 -
Cc knh vt l hin khng s dng cho dch v GSM c th c

n nh thnh cc knh PDCH tng s lng knh cho cc dch v
GPRS. Khi nhu cu v ti nguyn v tuyn cho cc dch v c mc
u tien cao, cc knh PDCH c th n nh li.
8.4.2. Cc knh logic ca GPRS
Nhiu loi thng tin khc nhau c th truyn gia trm thu pht gc
v trm di ng nh bo hiu, qung b cc thng tin chung ca h
thng, ng b, n nh knh, paging hoc truyn ti. Cc loi thng tin
khc nhau c truyn bng knh vt l v c phn loi thnh cc
nhm khc nhau gi l knh logic. Cc knh logic ny c sp xp trn
cc knh vt l theo mt s sp xp.
Bng sau y lit k cc knh logic cha gi d liu c xc nh
bi GPRS. Ging nh GSM, cc knh logic c chia thnh 2 loi. Cc
knh lu lng v cc knh bo hiu (iu khin)
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 65 -
Nhm
Knh
Chc nng
Hng
Knh lu
lng d liu
i
PDTCH
Lu lng
d liu
T MS n BSS
v ngc li
Knh iu khin
qung b gi
PBCCH
iu khin
qung b
PAGCH
Truy nhp ngu

nhin
Cho php truy
nhp
PPCH
Paging
PNCH
Thng bo
PRACH
Knh iu khin
chung gi
Knh iu khin
ring gi
PACCH
iu khin kt hp
PTCCH
iu khin ng b
T MS n
BSS
T BSS n
MS
T BSS n
MS
T BSS n MS
T MS n BSS
v ngc li
Bng 1: Cc knh logic ca GPRS

a. Knh lu lng d liu gi PDTCH (Packet Data Traffic
Channel)
PDTCH c dng truyn s liu ca ngi s dng. N cung
cp tm thi cho mt MS hoc mt nhm MS. Mt MS c th cng mt
lc dng nhiu knh PDCH phc v cho vic truyn ti gi.
Tc truyn ti gi thng tin tr giao din v tuyn c thc
hin vi tc m ho khc nhau CS1-CS4. Thng tin tc m ho
nh sau:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 66 -
Coding scheme
Tc
CS1
9,05 kbps
CS2
13,4 kbps
CS3
15,6 kbps
CS4
21,4 kbps
Bng 2. Tc m ho
b. Knh iu khin qung b gi PBCH (Packet Broadcast Control
Channel)
PBCH l knh bo hiu mt hng im ti a im t phn h
trm gc BSS ti cc trm di ng. Knh ny c BSS s dng
qung b nhng thng tin nht nh v t chc mng v tuyn GPRS ti
tt c cc trm di ng GPRS nm trn mt .
Ngoi cc thng s v GPRS, knh PBCH cng qung b cc
thng tin h thng quan trng v cc dch v chuyn mch knh trm
di ng GPRS/GSM khng dng knh diu khin qung b BCCH
(Broadcast Control Channel) thng thng ca trm GSM.
c. Knh iu khin chung gi PCCCH (Packet Common Control
Channel)
PCCCH l mt knh bo hiu hai chiu t im ti a im
chuyn cc thng tin v qun l truy nhp mng v d nh n nh ti
nguyn v tuyn v Paging. Knh PCCCH gm 4 knh nh:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 67 -
Knh truy nhp ngu nhin gi PRACH (Packet Random

Access Channel) c s dng bi trm di ng yu cu
thm mt hoc nhiu knh PDTCH.
Knh truy nhp gi PPCH (Packet Paging CHannel) c

s dng cp thm mt hoc nhiu knh PDTCH cho
trm di ng.
Knh Paging gi PPCH c BSS s dng tm ra v tr

ca trm di ng (Paging) trc khi truyn gi trn ng
down-link.
Knh thng bo gi PNCH (Packet Notifiction Channel)

c s dng thng bo cho trm di ng v mt bn tin
PTM.
d. Knh iu khin ring gi

L knh bo hiu hai chiu im ti im Knh ny gm hai
knh PACCH v PTCCH.
Knh iu khin kt hp gi PACCH (Packet Associated

Control Channel) lun c n nh cng vi mt hoc
nhiu knh PDCH c cp cho mt trm di ng. Knh
PACCH chuyn thng tin bo hiu v d nh iu khin
cng sut ti mt trm di ng nht nh.
Knh iu khin ng b gi PTCCH (Packet Timing

Advance Control Channel) c s dng cho vic ng b
khung.
a. Sp xp cc knh d liu gi trn cc knh vt l
Vic sp xp cc knh logic trn cc knh vt l bao gm hai yu
t: Sp xp tn s v sp xp thi gian. Sp xp tn s da trn s khung

Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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TDMA v cc tn s c n nh cho trm thu pht gc BTS v trm di

ng. Sp xp thi gian da trn vic xc nh cc cu trc a khung
phc hp trn cc khung TDMA.
Mt cu trc a khung cho cc knh PDCH gm 52 khung TDMA
nh hnh 2.11. S kt hp ca hai khung TDMA to nn mt khi (12
khi, t Bo n B11). Hai khung TDMA c dng cho vic truyn
knh PTCCH, hai khung TDMA cn li l khung ri.
Vic sp xp cc knh logic trn cc khi t Bo n B11 ca a
khung c th thay i t khi ny n khi khc v c iu khin bi
cc tham s c qung b trn knh PBCCH.
Ngoi a khung gm 52 khung, c s dng cho tt c cc knh
logic ca GPRS cn c loi cu trc a khung gm 51 khung. Cu trc
khung ny c s dng khi cc knh PDCH ch cha knh logic PCCH
v PBCCH v khng cha knh logic no khc.
a khung vi 52 khung TDMA (240ms)

B
B
1
B4
T B3
B5 X B6
B7
B8 T B9
B10 B11 X
T : Khung cho knh

PTCCH
X Kh
i
Hnh 2.11. Cu trc a khung vi 52 khung
e. D tr ng truyn GPRS
Vic iu chnh cht lng mng GPRS theo cht lng ng kt
ni v tuyn d dng hn vic iu chnh cht lng mng GSM, ngi
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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s dng c th d dng iu ch theo cc s m ho khc nhau (t

CS1 n CS4) vi cc mc m ho chng li khc nhau. Vi dng
iu ch chng li km nht l CS1 th kt ni GPRS vn c duy tr
khi t s tn hiu trn nhiu (C/I: Carrier to Interference) di 6 dB.
Trong khi , cht lng thoi ca kt ni chuyn mch knh trn mng
GSM ch c th c duy tr khi t s tn hiu trn nhiu C/I ln hn 9
dB i vi h thng nhy tn (Frequency Hopping). Do , khi c
quy hoch mng GSM c vng ph sng cho dch v thoi tt c
ngha l t t s C/I ln hn 9 dB, khng cn thit phi ti u ho v
quy hoch (cell panning) li khi trin khai mng GPRS.
Nhng mng c cht lng ng kt ni v tuyn cao, vi t s
C/I ln hn 9 dB, i hi t phi truyn li gi d liu b li do c th
s dng cc dng iu ch nh CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4 vi lng thng tin
truyn nhiu hn, hiu nng cao hn l dng iu ch CS-1. Bng cch
thay i dng iu ch tu thuc vo cht lng mng v tuyn, bng
thng ca ngi s dng c mang GPRS trn mt knh vt l s tng
ln khi cht lng khi v tuyn tng ln.
a s cc h thng GPRS hin nay ch s dng dng iu ch CS-1
v dng iu ch CS-2 vi tc t ti kps (kt ni 4 khe thi gian), s
dng c ch chng li ca dng iu ch CS-1, GPRS vn c kh nng
duy tr ng kt ni gia trm v mng ngay c khi cht lng mng v
tuyn gim xung n mc khng th chp nhn c i vi cht lng
thoi ca mng GSM.
f. nh hng ca GPRS n cht lng thoi trn mng v tuyn
GPRS s dng chung mt phn thc iu ch, cu trc cm v cc
knh v tuyn ca mng GSM chuyn mch knh. V gi d liu GPRS
cng gy ra nhiu nh thoi ca mng GSM. Tuy nhin, dng nhiu t
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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knh GPRS khc vi dng nhiu ca knh thoi do th t tt m (On

Off) trn knh d liu gi khc vi th t tt m trn knh thoi. Ngoi
ra, GPRS v knh thoi cng s dng cc c ch iu chnh cng sut
khc nhau.
Trong mt mng nhy tn vi vic n nh knh ng cho ti
chuyn mch knh v ti GPRS trn cc knh, nhiu gy ra s l nhiu
do c ti GSM v ti GPRS. Tuy nhin, trn mng v tuyn s dng
nhy tn vi ti ch yu l ti chuyn mch knh, nhiu gy ra do ti ca
mt s t my u cui s dng GPRS khng th gy ra mt nh hng
ng k n nhiu chung ca h thng.
Do , c th ni rng nhiu do vic s dng ti chuyn mch gi
GPRS l nh hng khng ng k n cht lng thoi trn mng v
tuyn chuyn mch knh GSM.
g. Khu vc dch v GPRS, khu vc SGSN, khu vc nh tuyn RA
v khu vc nh v LA.
* Khu vc dch v GPRS
L khu vc a l trong dch v GPRS c cung cp cho trm
di ng, c ngha l khu vc m trm di ng c th gi v nhn d
liu trong mng GPRS. Khu vc dch v GPRS c th bao gm mt hoc
nhiu mng di ng mt t cng cng PLMN.
Mng di ng mt t cng cng PLMN l khu vc trong dch v
GPRS c cung cp bi mt nh khai thc mng.
*Khu vc SGSN
L mt phn ca mng c phc v bi mt nt h tr GPRS hin
hnh SGSN, mt khu vc SGSN c th bao gm nhiu khu vc nh
tuyn.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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* Khu vc nh tuyn RA (Routing Area)

L mt phn ca khu vc nh v LA (Location Area). Trong mt
khu vc nh tuyn mt trm di ng c th di ng m khng cn cp
nht SGSN. Mt nt h tr GPRS hin hnh SGSN c th bao gm mt
s khu vc nh tuyn. Kch thc ca khu vc nh tuyn c th thay
i t mt phn ca thnh ph cho n mt tnh hoc mt nc. Mt khu
vc nh tuyn RA c th mt hay nhiu .
*Khu vc nh v LA
L khu vc trm di ng c th di ng m khng cn cp
nht VLR. Mt khu vc nh v c th c mt hoc mt s .
Vic cp nht khu vc nh tuyn RA v khu vc nh v LA c th
c thc hin ng thi khi trm di ng gia cc nt h tr GPRS
hin hnh SGSN.
8.5. Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn
8.5.1. Phn phi ti nguyn cho GPRS
Mt h tr GPRS s phn phi ti nguyn ca n trn mt hay
nhiu knh vt l phc v lu lng GPRS. Cc knh vt l nh knh
d liu gi (PDCH Packet Data Channel) c chia s cho cc knh
vt l c sn trong . Cc knh vt l c cung cp pht ng cho cc
dch v chuyn mch knh v GPRS theo nguyn l dung lng theo
nhu cu s c m t di y.
Bo hiu knh chung c GPRS yu cu trong giai on khi u
truyn s liu gi c mang trn cc knh PCCCH (nu c cp pht)
hoc knh CCCH. iu ny cho php nh khai thc phn phi lu lng
cho GPRS trong mt ch khi mt gi c chuyn giao.
8.5.2 Khi nim Ch T (Master Slave)
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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Tn ti t nht mt knh d liu gi (PDCH), hot ng nh mt

knh ch (master) cung cp cc knh iu khin chung kiu gi
(PCCCH) mang tt c bo hiu cn thit cho vic khi u truyn gi
s liu cng nh s liu ngi dng v bo hiu dnh ring (knh lu
lng d liu gi PDTCH v knh iu khin gi kt hp PACCH).
Cc knh PDCH khc hot ng nh knh t (slave) c s dng cho
s liu ngi dng v bo hiu dnh ring.
8.5.3. Khi nim dung lng theo yu cu
GPRS khng yu cu cc PDCH cp pht thng trc hay vnh
cu. Cp pht dung lng cho GPRS c th da trn nhu cu thc s v
vic truyn s liu v nh khai thc c th t do xc nh nn cp pht
vnh cu hoc tm thi ngun ti nguyn vt l cho lu lng GPRS.
Khi xy ra tc nghn trn cc knh d liu gi (PDCH) do ti lu
lng GPRS v vn cn knh ri trong , mng c th phn phi thm
cc knh vt l hot ng nh knh PDCH. Tuy nhin, s tn ti ca
knh PDCH khng ko theo s tn ti ca knh iu khin chung kiu
gi (PCCCH), i vi cc khng c knh PCCCH, cc MS ca GPRS
s lng nghe cc knh iu khin (CCCH), nh trong ch ri.
tr li Yu cu knh gi c gi trn knh iu khin
chung (CCCH) my di ng cn truyn gi s liu, mng s gn cc
knh cn thit trn knh d liu gi (PDCH) truyn s liu. Khi
truyn s liu kt thc, my di ng s quay li knh iu khin chung
(CCCH) hay chuyn n knh iu khin chung kiu gi (PCCCH) mi.
i vi cc c cp pht knh iu khin chung kiu gi
(PCCCH), cc MS ca GPRS trong s bm vo knh ny. Knh
PCCCH c th c cp pht khi nhu cu truyn s liu gi tng ln
hoc bt c khi no cc knh vt l trong khng c s dng. Thng
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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tin v knh PCCCH s c pht qung b trn knh iu khin qung

b (BCCH), khi dung lng ca knh iu khin chung kiu gi
(PCCCH) khng th p ng nhu cu th c th cp thm cc knh
PCCCH ln mt hoc nhiu knh d liu gi (PDCH). Mng cng c
kh nng gii phng knh PCCCH buc trm di ng MS quay tr v
knh iu khin chung (CCCH).
8.5.4. Cc th tc h tr dung lng theo nhu cu.
S knh cp pht cho knh d liu gi (PDCH) trong mt c th
tng hoc gim theo nhu cu. Nguyn tc cp pht c th c thc hin
nh sau:
Gim st lu lng : Chc nng gim st lu lng cho php
gim st lu lng trn knh d liu gi (PDCH) v do s knh
PDCH c cp pht trong mt c th c tng hoc gim theo nhu
cu. Chc nng gim st ny c thc hin nh mt phn ca chc
nng iu khin truy nhp MAC.
Cp pht ng : Cc knh khng s dng c th c cp pht
nh l knh d liu gi (PDCH) tng cht lng dch v GPRS. Khi
nhu cu v cc dch v khc c u tin ln hn tng ln th cc knh
PDCH c gii phng.
8.5.5. Gii phng cc knh d liu gi (PDCH) khng mang knh
iu khin chung kiu gi (PCCCH).
Kh nng gii phng nhanh cc knh d liu gi (PDCH) l mt
c trng quan trng trong cp pht knh v tuyn ng dch v
chuyn mch gi v knh. C th:
Ch i tt c cc thit lp kt thc trn knh d liu gi
(PDCH) .
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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Thng bo ring ti tt c thu bao c cp pht knh d liu

gi (PDCH) . Cc bn tin thit lp li knh gi c th c s dng
cho mc ch ny, mng s gi thng bo ny trn knh iu khin gi
kt hp (PACCH) ti mi trm di ng MS, cc knh PACCH ny c
th c gn trn cc khe thi gian khc nhau.
Pht qung b cc thng tin v gii phng knh.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 75 -
Chng 9:
TRIN KHAI GPRS TRN MNG THNG TIN DI NG
GSM
TI VIT NAM
Trc nhu cu ngy cng tng ca khch hng v cc dch v mi
ca mng di ng, c bit l cc dch v s liu th vic trin khai dch
v truyn s liu tc cao theo nguyn tc chuyn mch gi GPRS l
rt cn thit. Hin nay Vit Nam c hai nh cung cp dch v in
thoi di ng ln nht l VMS (Mobilephone) v GPC (Vinaphone).
Thc cht hai mng ny hot ng song song c lp vi nhau nhng
cng c qun l bi mt nh kinh doanh dch v vin thng l VNPT,
cng s dng cng ngh GSM, c s h tng ca mng khng c g khc
nhau. Tuy nhin, khi a vo trin khai dch v s liu th hai mng c
khc nhau v cc bc trin khai v la chn thit b ca cc hng, c
hai mng tng bc thc hin t u nm 2002.
Sau y s cp ti hin trng v nhu cu ca hai mng VMS v
Vinaphone v cu trc mng GPRS chung ca hai mng.
9.1. nh gi hin trng v nhu cu
9.1.1. Cu trc mng
VMS l mng thng tin di ng GSM u tin hot ng ti Vit
Nam. y l cng ty hot ng theo hnh thc hp ng hp tc kinh
doanh gia VNPT v tp on Comvik ca Thy in.
Cu trc mng VMS c chia theo ba khu vc:
- Khu vc 1 (H Ni v cc tnh pha Bc): PLMN 1 l loi PLMN
ca Alcatel gm mt s MSC v cc HLR cng VLR.
Khu vc 2 (TP H Ch Minh v cc tnh pha Nam): gm hai PLMN
l loi PLMN ca Ericsson. Mng VMS khu vc 2 hin nay c 4 tng
i MSC, 2 HLR v cc VLR. Mt MSC ca Ericsson ng vai tr l
GMSC cho khu vc 2.
- Khu vc 3 ( Nng v cc tnh min Trung): PLMN 3 l loi
PLMN ca Ericsson.
9.1.2- Cu trc mng Vinaphone
Mng thng tin di ng Vinaphone ra i t nm 1996, dng cng
ngh GSM ca Siemens. T chc mng hnh thnh trn ba trung tm
chuyn mch dch v di ng (MSC) s dng tng i EWSD
(Siemens) t ti 3 khu vc chnh trong nc l H Ni, TP H ch Minh
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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v Nng. Cc MSC u c ni vi nhau v c ng thng ra

mng PSTN cng nh cc mng khc. H thng iu khin trm gc
BSC gm 11 trm, trong H Ni c 4 trm, TP H Ch Minh 5 trm
v Nng 2 trm. Cc trm BTS c phn b trn khp cc tnh
thnh trong c nc vi tng s 214 trm. Trong , H Ni c 87 trm,
TP H Ch Minh c 94 trm v nng c 33 trm. ng kt ni gia
BTS v BSC s dng h thng vi ba hoc cp quang.
9.2. Dch v
Hin nay, mng VMS v Vinaphone cung cp cc dch v:
- Thoi: l dch v chnh hin nay
- Fax
- Dch v nhn tin ngn SMS: ang i vo khai thc c hiu qu
- Cc dch v tr trc (Card): trin khai v s dng rng ri
- Truyn s liu: dch v ny cha pht trin do b hn ch v tc
truyn.
9.3. S lng thu bao ca mng
Hai mng ph sng ton quc, thc hin roaming trong nc
v mt s nc khc. Vi u th vt tri v vng ph sng so vi
VMS, s thu bao ca mng vinaphone pht trin nhanh chng vt
qu c d bo trc y. Ti thi im nm 2000, s lng thu bao di
ng ca Vinaphone vo khong trn 300.000 thu bao. D kin n
nm 2010 s t trn 1.000.000 thu bao.
9.4. nh gi nhu cu
Theo Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng, d bo s lng thu bao
di ng (ca VMS v vinaphone) tnh ti nm 2005 nh sau:
Nm
2002
2003
2004
2005
334.000 346.000
585.000
669.000
718.000
767.000
Vinaphone 321.000 455.000
609.000
768.000
946.000
1.155.000
VMS
Tng s
2000
2001
655.000 801.000 1.194.000 1.437.000 1.664.000 1.922.000
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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Cn c theo d bo pht trin thu bao di ng ca hai nh cung

cp dch v di ng Vinaphone v VMS, s lng thu bao di ng cng
nh t trng ca cc thu bao c nhu cu i vi dch v s liu nh sau:
Nm
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Dn s (triu)
82,225
83,639
85,015
86,382
87,793
88,967
Tng thu bao
655.000 801.000 1.194.000 1.437.000 1.664.000 1.922.000
S my/100 dn 0,7963
0,9577
1,4044
1,6634
Multimedia cao
Nm
Dn s (triu)
Tng thu bao
1,8965
2,1604
8.0320
28.830
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
90,190
91,273
92,368
93,476
94,598
2.210.000 2.542.000 2.923.000 3.508.000 4.210.000
S my/100 dn
2,4507
2,7849
3,1646
3,7525
4,4496
Multimedia cao
66.309
420.929
420.929
420.929
420.929
Nh vy, theo kt qu d bo ta nhn thy s lng thu bao di

ng s tng ln t 600 nghn (nm 2000) ln ti trn 4 triu (nm 2010).
Trong , s thu bao di ng s dng dch v s liu ni chung xut
hin vo cui nm 2001 v s tng t 5% (nm 2002) ln 30% (nm
2008). Tnh t 2008 n 2010, trong s thu bao di ng c nhu cu s
dng dch v s liu ni chung (chim 30% tng s) th ch c 5% s
dng dch v a phng tin (mutilmedia). Vi kt qu d bo th t
nay n nm 2010, vic trin khai dch v s liu tc cao da trn
cng ngh chuyn mch gi v tuyn GPRS ca cc nh khai thc di
ng GSM ti Vit Nam l hp l c v gc u t nng cp tn dng
h thng GSM hin c, cng nh m bo kh nng cung cp dch v
ph hp vi nhu cu v loi hnh dch v v mc tng trng v s
lng khch hng.
9.5. Mt s xut trin khai dch v GPRS
9.5.1. Nhng vn lin quan n dung lng khi trin khai dch
v s liu trn mng GSM
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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Khi trin khai dch v s liu, mng s xut hin ng thi c lu

lng thoi v s liu. i vi phn lu lng s liu th kh nng thng
ti ph thuc chnh vo cht lng ca giao din khng gian. Vic nghn
mng s gim ng k kh nng thng ti nht l i vi dch v HSCSD
v GPRS khi lu lng thoi GSM c mc u tin cao hn. i vi vic
trin khai dch v GPRS, cn lu mt s im quan trng di y khi
xc dnh dung lng:
Trong giai on u, khi s lng thu bao t hn, phn lu lng
chuyn mch knh (thoi GSM, HSCSD) thng c mc u tin dch v
cao hn so vi lu lng GPRS. Bi vy, trc tin cc cell s c tnh
ton cho dung lng p ng cho chuyn mch knh vi mt xc sut
nghn cho trc, sau s tnh cho lu lng ca GPRS nu mng cn
kh nng cung cp.
Thng thng, mng s dnh ra mt s lng nht nh (1 hoc 2)
khe thi gian gn cho GPRS. Do vy, kh nng thng ti ca GPRS s
c xc nh bi nhng khe thi gian ny cng vi nhng khe thi gian
khc m GPRS c th c cp pht thm khi tnh trng ti lu lng
ca chuyn mch knh cho php. Trong giai on sau, khi t trng ca
thu bao s liu trong mng ln hn th mc u tin ca lu lng
GPRS ngang bng vi chuyn mch knh. Cc khe thi gian c cp
pht v c GPRS s dng s khng b thu hi cho chuyn mch knh
khi dung lng ca mng khng p ng. Lc ny, cuc gi n ca
chuyn mch knh s b nghn.
9.5.2. Trin khai dch v GPRS
a- Cc phng n chia dung lng
Khi a dch v GPRS vo h thng GSM, vic phn chia dung
lng hin c ca mng cho GPRS cng nh cc dch v truyn thng
ca GSM c thc hin theo mt trong ba phng n sau:
Phng n 1 - chia ring dung lng:
Theo phng n ny, tng dung lng ca cell c chia thnh hai
phn ring bit, mt dnh cho lu lng GSM, mt dnh cho lu lng
GPRS. Trong phn dung lng ring ca mnh, ng nhin chng phi
dnh ra mt phn cho handover (chuyn giao). Vi kiu phn chia ny,
ton b h thng c xem nh hai h thng ring r hp li. Do khng
c s iu phi dung lng gia hai phn vi nhau nn vic iu khin
qun l tng i n gin. Tuy nhin im bt li chnh ca phng n
ny l khng linh hot trong vic iu chuyn dung lng h thng. Do
vy hiu qu s dng ti nguyn chung l rt thp.
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
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Phng n 2 Dng chung ton b dung lng:

Dung lng ca cell c dng chung cho c GSM v GPRS. Tuy
nhin trong vn dnh ra mt phn dung lng cho handover ca
chng. Thng thng th trong phng n ny, mc u tin ca GSM
thng cao hn GPRS. Do vy, lu lng ca cc dch v truyn thng
GSM hon ton c kh nng s dng ton b dung lng cell khi cn.
Mt khc, trong iu kin cho php (cht lng giao din khng gian tt,
lu lng GSM thp) th cc kt ni GPRS vn hon ton c kh nng
t c tc ti a ca mnh. u im chnh ca phng n ny l
kh nng s dng hiu qu ngun ti nguyn chung ca mng v dch v
s liu c th t c tc ti a ca mnh nu iu kin cho php.
Phng n 3 chia s tng phn dung lng
Theo phng n ny th ton b dung lng ca cell c chia
thnh ba phn, mt phn cho GSM, mt phn cho GPRS v phn cn li
c dng chung cho c GSM v GPRS. Phn dung lng dnh cho
handover c ly t dung lng ring ca GSM v GPRS hoc dng
phn dung lng chung. Phn dung lng dnh cho GPRS c chia
theo nguyn tc: ln m bo mt gi tr QoS nht nh v nh
khng lng ph khi lu lng GPRS l thp. u im ca phng n
ny l lun c mt phn dung lng c nh phc v cho lu lng
ca GPRS vi kh nng m bo mt gi tr QoS no . V im ny,
n tn dng c u th ca phng n 1. Mt khc, vi phn dung
lng dng chung gia GSM v GPRS, n cho php nng cao hiu
qu s dng ti nguyn chung ca mng, tn dng c u im ca
phng n 2.
Qua vic phn tch v nh gi ba phng n phn chia dung lng
ni trn, ta nhn thy mi phng n u c nhng u, nhc im nht
nh. Vic s dng phng n no hon ton tu thuc vo s la chn
ca nh khai thc trong iu kin c th. Tuy nhin theo nh gi chung,
phng n 3 c nhiu u im hn c v n tn dng c u im v
hn ch nhc im ca c hai phng n 1 v 2, cho nn y l
phng n c khuyn ngh la chn trin khai dch v GPRS
trn mng di ng.
b- Cu hnh mng khi trin khai dch v GPRS
Cc thu bao s liu di ng xut hin vo cui nm 2001, u
nm 2002 vi s lng cn rt t so vi cc thu bao in thoi di ng.
D bo, cng vi s gia tng v nhu cu dch v s liu trn mng di
ng, lng thu bao s liu di ng s tng dn t nm 2002 (chim
5%) n nm 2008 (chim 30%) v nm 2010. Nh vy, thi im ny
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 80 -
l thch hp cho vic trin khai dch v GPRS trn mng Vinaphone (v
xut hin nhu cu) v ph hp vi nng lc hin c ca mng (v t l
thu bao di ng s liu cha ln). Qua c th kch thch nhu cu ca
khch hng v tch lu cng nh rt ra nhng kinh nghim cn thit cho
vic iu hnh khai thc mng khi cung cp dch v mi.
V thit b, c nhiu gii php ca cc hng khc nhau cung cp
GPRS mt cch hiu qu. Cc thit b ny u da trn cc cng ngh
tin tin nh ATM, Ethernet...Tuy nhin trong giai on u trin
khai GPRS, mng Vinaphone c th s dng sn phm tch hp chung
cc nt h tr ca Ericsson hay Siemens cung cp dch v v chng c
mt s u th nh: va p ng c yu cu k thut, nhu cu khch
hng v gim gi thnh u t ban u v y l thit b dung lng va
phi. Ngoi ra cc thit b ny da trn cng ngh ATM, ph hp vi
mi trng dch v bng rng v a phng tin sau ny. Cho php m
rng d dng khi nhu cu tng cng nh c kh nng nng cp ln 3G.
Kh nng kt ni mng ca Vinaphone vi mng ca cc nh khai
thc trong vic cung cp dch v GPRS, c xem xt trn c s cc
mng PLMN, PDN v Internet hin c ti Vit Nam nh sau:
- PLMN: hin nay ngoi Vinaphone, VMS cn c S-Fone v mi
y Cng ty in t Vin thng Qun i (Viettel) cng bt u
trin khai dch v thng tin di ng ti Vit Nam.
- PDN:Mng s liu gi, hnh thnh trn h thng tng i chuyn
mch chuyn mch gi 1100 TPX ca Acatel c t ti H Ni,
TP H Ch Minh v Nng. Trong tng i Gateway c
t ti H Ni.
- Internet: SIP v IAP ln nht hin nay ti Vit Nam l VDC. Kt
ni Internet quc t bng cc sng mang 2M, 256K qua trm mt
t Gateway quc t t ti H N v TP H Ch Minh.
V a im khai thc s dng dch v GPRS, trc mt hng ti
cc khu vc giu tim nng nh cc thnh ph ln, ni tp trung nhiu
n v, doanh nghip, t chc, c nhn, c quan i din trong v ngoi
nc, cc khu vc ch xut, cng nghip, du lch dch v...
Cu hnh c bn mng di ng GSM trin khai dch v GPRS nh
sau:
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
- 81 -
Chu t thm 05btt-07t
Internet
PLMN khc
PSTN
PDN
MS
BG
MS
BG
GSN-25
TP. HCM
MS
BSS
MSC
Hnh IV.1 - Cu trc mng th nghim cung cp dch v GPRS
Inter-Backbone
Nng
BSS
GSN-25
BSS
H Ni
MSC
MSC
Intra-Backbone
BG
GSN-25
- 82 -
KT LUN
Vic xy dng c s h tng cho 3G yu cu lng vn b ra rt ln. Do
, GPRS thc s l mt bc qu cn thit, c hiu qu v tnh kinh t cao
a mt mng thng tin di ng GSM sn c tin ln th h in thoi di
ng th ba.
i vi vit Nam, vic hi nhp thng tin di ng th h th ba tri qua
bc qu s dng cng ngh GPRS l hon ton hp l. N gip cho cc
nh khai thc c th tn dng c c s h tng ang tn ti, ng thi c th
p ng c nhu cu ngy cng gia tng ca ngi s dng.
Trong qu trnh thc hin n ti thu thp c rt nhiu kin thc v
in thoi di ng. Nhng kin thc ny rt c gi tr khi ti tip tc nghin cu
v cc cng ngh 3G, chng cng rt hu ch khi ti c iu kin lm vic trong
cc lnh vc v thng tin di ng sau ny.
Mt ln na xin chn thnh cm n thy gio hng dn TS. Phm Vn
Bnh v cc thy c trong khoa in t Vin thng ch bo v gip em
hon thnh n ny.
Do trnh v thi gian nghin cu cn hn hp, nn mc d c gng
nhng s khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Rt mong nhn c s ch bo,
gp ca cc thy c v b bn ng nghip.
Sinh vin thc hin
Chu t thm 05btt-07t

Tong Quan Ve He Thong Thong Tin Di Dong GSM Va Cong Nghe Gprs

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Tong Quan Ve He Thong Thong Tin Di Dong GSM Va Cong Nghe Gprs

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B gio dc v o to

trng i hc bch khoa H Ni

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

8.1. Mt phng truyn dn ........................................................................... .48

Chu t thm 05btt-07t

Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam

Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni

3. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton

4. Cc bn v th (ghi r cc loi bn v, kch thc cc bn v)

6. Ngy giao nhim v thit k:

7. Ngy phi hon thnh: ...............................................................................................................

Ngy... thng ... nm 2008

Ngy... thng ... nm 2008

Ngy... thng ... nm 2008

Sinh vin thc hin

Ngy ... thng ... nm 2008

Bn nhn xt thit k tt nghip

2. Nhn xt ca ngi duyt thit k:

Ngy..... Thng ....... Nm 2008

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

Chu t thm 05btt-07t

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

TNG QUAN H THNG

GII THIU V MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

hn ch khai thc trong bin gii quc gia, m cn c mt th trng rt

c chuyn t CEPT n Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u (ETSI).

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

ETSI c thnh lp vo nm 1988 thit lp cc tiu chun vin

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

Thng thng, mt cuc gi di ng khng th kt thc trong mt

Dch v nhn tin: cc gi thng tin c kch c 160 k t c th

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

* ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network (mng s t hp dch

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

915 Mhz GSM

Hnh 1.1- Bng tn c bn v m rng ca GSM

H thng GSM lm vic trong bng tn 890 960MHz. Bng tn

1.4. Phng php truy nhp trong thng tin di ng

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

giao din v tuyn, MS v BTS lin lc vi nhau bng sng v

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

Ngoi ra cn c phng php truy nhp theo khng gian SDMA.

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

CU TRC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM

PSTN : Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng

Phn h chuyn mch NSS (Network Switching Subsystem) bao

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

- Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng MSC (Mobile

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

Phn h chuyn mch bao gm cc chc nng chuyn mch chnh

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

+ MSISDN: s danh b (s thu bao)

Chu t thm 05btt-07t

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

Nh vy, HLR khng c kh nng chuyn mch nhng c kh nng

Trung tm chuyn mch dch v cng GMSC

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

thit lp mt cuc gi phi nh tuyn n tng i m khng

n tt nghip: Mng di ng GSM v cng ngh GPRS

- Gim st cc trng thi cc b phn ca mng