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Chương 5c Tích phân

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4/ .............................................................................................................................................8
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5/ Tích phân hàm lượng giác:......................................................................................................10
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Check the result .....................................................................................................................24
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1
dx
1/ I = ∫ = ln x + x 2 + a 2
x2 + a2

dx 2
a/ I=∫ , put x 2 + a 2 = t − x ⇒ x 2 + a 2 = ( t − x ) = t 2 − 2t.x + x 2
x2 + a2

( ) ( ) .dt = 4t 2 − 2t 2 + 2a 2 .dt = t 2 + a 2 .dt


' '
t −a 2 2 t 2 − a 2 .2t − ( 2t ) . t 2 − a 2
⇒x= , dx =
2t 4t 2 4t 2 2t 2
t2 + a2
.dt
dx 2 dt
⇒∫ =∫ 2t = ∫ = ln t + C = ln x + x 2 + a 2 + C
x2 + a2 t2 − a2 t
t−
2t
1 1
 dx 
⇒∫ = ln x + x 2 + a 2 2
 = ln 1 + 1 + a − ln a
2
0 x +a
2  0

dx 1  i.a  
1b / ∫ = ln tan  .arcsin   
2  x 
x2 + a2

b/ ∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
( i2 = −1) put x = sini.a t
x2 + a2 ( )
2 2
x2 − −1.a x 2 − ( i.a )

'
−i.a. ( sin t ) .dt −i.a.cos t.dt  i.a 
⇒ dx = = , t = arcsin  
sin 2 t sin 2 t  x 
 i.a.cos t.dt  1  i.a.cos t.dt  1
⇒ I = −∫   = −∫  
 sin 2 t   i.a 2  sin 2 t  −a 2
  − ( i.a )
2
+ a2
2
 sin t  sin t

2
 −i.a.cos t.dt  1  −i.a.cos t.dt  1
= ∫  = ∫ 
 sin 2 t  −1 + sin 2 t  sin 2 t  − cos 2 t
a a
sin 2 t sin 2 t
 −i.a.cos t.dt  sin t −dt t 1  i.a  
= ∫  = ∫ sin t = − ln tan = − ln tan 2 .arcsin  
 sin 2 t  i.a.cos t 2   x 
dx 1  a 
*∫ = ln tan  .arcsin    put a = i.b
x2 − a2 2  x 
dx 1  i.b  
⇒∫ = ln tan  .arcsin   
x 2 + b2 2  x 

dx i.x
1c / ∫ = −i arcsin
a
+C
x2 + a2

c/ ∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
( i 2 = −1)
x2 + a2 ( )
2 2 2
− −1.x + a2 a 2 − ( i.x )  i.x 
a 1−  
 a 
i.x i.dx a.du i.a.du
Put = u ⇒ du = ⇒ dx = = = −i.a.du
a a i i2
dx −1 i.a.du i.x
⇒∫ = ∫ = −i arcsin + C
a2 − x2 a 1 − u2 a

dx x
*I=∫ Put x = a.sin t ⇒ dx = a.cos t.dt, t = arcsin
a2 − x2 a
a.cos t.dt a.cos t.dt x
⇒I=∫ =∫ = ∫ dt = t = arcsin
a 2 − a 2 .sin 2 t a cos 2 t a
i.dy  i.y 
Put x = i.y ⇒ I = ∫ = arcsin  
a 2 + y2  a 
dy  i.y 
⇒∫ = −i.arcsin  
a 2 + y2  a 

3
x = i.y ⇒ when x = 1, y = −i and when x = 2, y = −2i
2 2 −2i
dx dx dy
⇒∫ =∫ = ∫
x2 + a2 ( )
2
1 1 − −1.x + a2 −i a 2 + y2

2 −2i
2 2 i.y
⇒ ln x + x + a = −i.arcsin
1 a −i
i. ( −i ) 1
⇔ ln 1 + 1 + a 2 = −i.arcsin = −i.arcsin , arcsin z = −i ln  z ± z 2 + 1 
a a  

eiw − e−iw
w = arcsin z ⇒ z = sin w = ⇒ e2i.w − 2z.eiw − 1 = 0 ⇒ eiw = z ± z 2 + 1
2
⇒ i.w = ln  z ± z 2 + 1  ⇒ w = arcsin z = −i ln  z ± z 2 + 1 
   

dx 1 x π
*I=∫ = ln tg  .arctan +  + C
x2 + a2 2 a 4
dx a.dt x
I=∫ Put x = a.tan t ⇒ dx = , t = arctan
x2 + a2 cos 2 t a
a.dt a.dt dt
⇒I=∫ =∫ =∫
cos 2 t a 2 .tan 2 t + a 2 a.cos 2 t tan 2 t + 1 1
cos 2 t
cos 2 t
dt   t π  dx 1 x π
∫ cos t   2 4  
= ln tan  +  ⇒ I = ∫ 2 2 = ln tg 
 2
.arctan
a
+ 
4
x +a
dx 1 i.a 
⇒∫ = ln x + x 2 + a 2 = i.ln tg  .arcsin 
x2 + a2 2 x 
i.x 1 x π
= −i arcsin = ln tg  .arctan + 
a 2 a 4

4
2 2 2
dx dx dx
so why ∫ =∫ =∫ but
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 x +a 1 x − 2
−1.a 1 − −1.x +a 2

2 2
 2 2   1 i.a  
ln x + x + a  ≠  i.ln tg 
2
.arcsin 
x  1
1 
2 2
 i.x   1 x π
≠  −i arcsin  ≠  ln tg  .arctg +  
 a 1  2 a 4  1

dx x
2a / I = ∫ = arcsin
a2 − x2 a
dx x
a/ I=∫ dat x = a.sin t ⇒ dx = a.cos t.dt, t = arcsin
a2 − x2 a
a.cos t.dt a.cos t.dt x
⇒I=∫ =∫ = ∫ dt = t = arcsin
a 2 − a 2 .sin 2 t a cos 2 t a
dx dx x dx
* ∫ 2 2
=∫
2
Dat
a
= u ⇒ du =
a
⇒ dx = a.du
a −x x
a 1−  
a
dx 1 a.du x
⇒∫ = ∫ = arcsin
a2 − x2 a 1 − u2 a

dx
2b / ∫ = −i.ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 + C
a2 − x2
dx dx
b/ ∫ =∫ Dat ( i.x ) 2 + a 2 = t − i.x
2 2 2
a −x ( i.x ) +a 2

2
⇒ − x 2 + a 2 = ( t − i.x ) = t 2 − 2t.ix − x 2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) dt
' '
t −a2 2 t2 − a2 i − t2 − a2 i −i t 2 − a 2 .2t + ( 2t ) i t 2 − a 2
⇒x= = = , dx =
2t.i 2t.i 2 2t ( 2t ) 2

=
2
−i4t + 2t .i − 2i.a 2 2
dt =
(
−i 2t 2 + 2a 2 ) = −i ( t 2 + a 2 ) dt
4t 2 4t 2 2t 2

5
(
−i t 2 + a 2 ) dt
⇒∫
dx
=∫ 2t2
=∫
(
−i. t 2 + a 2 dt ) =∫
( )
−i. t 2 + a 2 dt

a2 − x2 t − i.x 
2t 2  t − i.
(
− t2 − a2 i 
 ) (
 i2 t 2 − a 2
2t 2  t +
) 
2t  2t 
   
   

=∫
(
−i. t 2 + a 2 dt ) =∫
(
−i. t 2 + a 2 dt ) =∫
−i.dt
= −i.ln t + C = −i.ln i.x + a 2 − x 2 + C

2t 2  t −
(
t2 − a2 )  (
t. t 2 + a 2 ) t

2t 
 
 

dx
*∫ = ln x + a 2 + x 2 + C put x = i.y, we have :
x2 + a2
i.dy dy
dx = i.dy, ∫ = ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 + C ⇒ ∫ = −i.ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 + C
a 2 − y2 a 2 − y2
dx x i.y
∫ = arcsin = arcsin = −i.ln i.y + a 2 − y2
a2 − x2 a a

2
i.y i.y  i.y 
arcsin z = −i ln  z ± z 2 + 1  , ⇒ arcsin = −i.ln +   +1
  a a  a 

i.y + a 2 − y 2  
= −i.ln = −i.  ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 − ln a  = −i.ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 + C
a  

dx 1 a
2c / ∫ = i.ln tg  .arcsin  + C
a2 − x2 2 x
dx dx dx
2c / ∫ =∫ =∫
a2 − x2 ( −1) x 2 − a 2 (
i x2 − a2 ) ( )
=∫
i.dx
=∫
−i.dx
( i2 = −1)
i2 ( x2 − a2 ) ( x2 − a2 )
'
a −a. ( sin t ) dt −a.cos t.dt a
dat x = ⇒ dx = = t = arcsin
sin t sin 2 t sin 2 t x

6
− ( −i ) a.cos t.dt 1
⇒I=∫ .
sin 2 t a2
− a2
2
sin t
i.a.cos t.dt 1 i.cos t.dt sin t dt t 1 a
=∫ . =∫ . = i.∫ = i.ln tg = i.ln tg  .arcsin  + C
sin 2 t 1 − sin 2 t sin 2 t cos t sin t 2 2 x
a
sin 2 t

2
dx dx dx
Vay tai sao : ∫ =∫ =∫ nhung
1
2
a −x 2
( i.x ) 2
+a 2
( −1) ( x 2
−a 2
)
2 2 2
 x  1 a  2 2 
 arcsin  ≠  i.ln tg  .arcsin   ≠ ln i.x + a − x 
a 1  2 x  1  1

dx 1 a
3a / I = ∫ = − ln tg  .arcsin 
x2 − a2 2 x
'
dx a −a. ( sin t ) dt −a.cos t.dt a
a/∫ dat x = ⇒ dx = = t = arcsin
x2 − a2 sin t sin 2 t sin 2 t x
−a.cos t.dt 1 −a.cos t.dt 1
⇒I=∫ . =∫ .
sin 2 t a2 2 sin 2 t 1 − sin 2 t
−a a
sin 2 t sin 2 t
− cos t.dt sin t dt t 1 a
=∫ . = −∫ = − ln tg = − ln tg  .arcsin 
sin 2 t cos t sin t 2 2 x

dx 2
3b / ∫ = ln x + x 2 + ( i.a ) +C
2 2
x −a

7
dx dx dx
3b / ∫ =∫ =∫
x2 − a2 ( )
2 2
x2 + −1.a x 2 + ( i.a )

2 2 t2 + a2
Dat x + ( i.a ) = t − x ⇒ x − a = ( t − x )
2 2 2 2
= t − 2t.x + x ⇒ x =2
,
2t

( t 2 + a 2 ) .2t − ( 2t ) ( t 2 + a 2 )
' '
4t 2 − 2t 2 − 2a 2 t2 − a2
dx = dt = dt = dt
( 2t ) 2 4t 2 2t 2

t2 − a2
dt
dx 2 dt
⇒∫ =∫ 2t 2
= ∫ = ln t + C = ln x + x 2 + ( i.a ) + C
x2 + a2 t2 + a2 t
t−
2t

dx x
3c / ∫ = −i.arcsin
x2 − a2 a
dx dx dx
3c / ∫ =∫ =∫
x2 − a2 −1 a 2 − x 2 i. a 2 − x 2
i.dx −i.dx x
=∫ =∫ = −i.arcsin
2
i . a −x 2 2
a2 − x2 a
2 2 2
dx dx dx
Vay tai sao : ∫ =∫ =∫
x2 − a2 ( )
2
1 1 x2 + −1.a 1 −1 a 2 − x 2

2 2 2
1 a x
− ln tg  .arcsin  ≠ ln x + x 2 − a 2 ≠ −i.arcsin
2 x1 1 a1

dx
4/ I = ∫
−x 2 − a 2

8
dx dx −i.dx
I=∫ =∫ =∫ = −i.ln x + x 2 + a 2
−x 2 − a 2 i x2 + a2 x2 + a2
1 i.a  i.x 1 x π
= ln tg  .arcsin  = − arcsin = −i.ln tg  .arctg + 
2 x  a 2 a 4
dx 1 i.a 
∫ = ln x + x 2 + a 2 = i.ln tg  .arcsin 
x2 + a2 2 x 
i.x 1 x π
= −i arcsin = ln tg  .arctg + 
a 2 a 4

2 2 2 2
dx −idx dx dx
Vay tai sao : ∫ 2 2
=∫
2 2
=∫
2
=∫
2
nhung
1 −x − a 1 x +a 1 − x + ( i.a )
2
1 ( i.x ) −a 2

2 2
 2 2   1 i.a  
 −i.ln x + x + a  ≠  ln tg 
2
.arcsin 
x  1
1 
2 2
 i.x   1 x π
≠  − arcsin  ≠  −i.ln tg  .arctg +  
 a 1  2 a 4  1

dx
1 x
5/ I=∫ = .arctan + C
x2 + a2 a a
* I=∫
dx
x2 + a2
Dat x = a.tgt ⇒ dx = a tg 2 t + 1 dt, t = arctan
x
a
( )
dx (
a tan 2 t + 1 dt ) 1 t 1 x
Vay : ∫ x2 + a2 =∫ = ∫ dt = = .arctan + C
(
a 2 tan 2 t + 1 ) a a a a

dx i x + i.a
*I= ∫ = ln
x2 + a2 2a x − i.a

*I= ∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
( x − i.a ) ( x + i.a ) ( i2 = −1)
( )
2 2 2 2
x +a x2 − −1.a x 2 − ( i.a )

1 A B
= + ⇒ A ( x + i.a ) + B ( x − i.a ) = 1
( x − i.a ) ( x + i.a ) ( x − i.a ) ( x + i.a )
⇔ x ( A + B ) + i.a ( A − B ) = 1

9
A + B = 0 ⇔ A = −B

⇔ 1 i −i i
i.a ( A − B ) = 1 ⇒ A = 2i.a = 2 = 2.a , B = 2.a
 2i .a
i  d ( x + i.a ) d ( x − i.a )  i ( ln x + i.a − ln x − i.a ) i x + i.a
⇒ I2 =  ∫ −∫ = = ln
2a  x + i.a x − i.a  2a 2a x − i.a
2 2 2 2
dx 1
dx x  i x + i.a 
so why : I = ∫ =∫ but  .arctg  ≠  ln 
2 2 2 a 1  2a x − i.a
1 x − ( i.a )
2 a 1
1x +a

dx
6/ I=∫
x2 − a2
dx dx
* I=∫ =∫
x2 − a2 ( x − a) ( x + a)
1 A B
= + ⇒ A ( x + a ) + B ( x − a ) = 1 ⇔ x ( A + B) + a ( A − B) = 1
( x − a) ( x + a) ( x − a) ( x + a)
A + B = 0 ⇔ A = −B

⇔ 1 1
a ( A − B ) = 1 ⇒ A = 2a , B = − 2a

1  d( x − a) d( x + a)  ln x − a − ln x + a 1 x−a
2a  ∫ x − a ∫ x+a
⇒I=  − = = ln
 2a 2a x + a

dx dx dx
*I= ∫ =∫ =∫
x2 − a2 ( )
2 2
x2 + −1.a x 2 + ( i.a )

( )
Dat x = i.a.tgt ⇒ dx = i.a tg 2 t + 1 dt, t = arctg
x
i.a

dx i.a ( tg 2 t + 1) dt 1 i.t −i.t −i x


Vay : ∫ =∫ = ∫ dt = = = .arctg + C
x 2 + ( i.a )
2
( i.a ) 2 ( tg 2 t + 1) i.a i 2 .a a a i.a

2 2 2 2
dx 1dx x−a   −i x
Vay tai sao : ∫ =∫ nhung  ln  ≠  .arctg 
2
1x −a
2
1 x + ( i.a )
2 2  2a x + a 1  a i.a 1

5/ Tích phân hàm lượng giác:

dx
* I=∫
a sin x + b cos x + c
10
x
sin
2 2
x x
cos 2tg
x 2dt x x 2 = 2 = 2t
dat t = tg ⇒ x = 2arctgt, dx = , sin x = 2sin .cos =
2 1 + t2 2 2 1 x 2
tg 2 + 1 1 + t
x 2
cos 2
2
1
2−
x 2 −  tg 2 x + 1
cos 2  
2x 2  2  1 − t2
cos x = 2 cos −1 = = =
2 1 2x 1 + t2
tg +1
x 2
cos 2
2

2dt
* I=∫
dx 1 + t2 2dt
a sin x + b cos x + c ∫
= =∫
a.t
+
(
b 1 − t2 ) + c ( 1 + t2 ) t 2 ( c − b ) + a.t + b + c
2
1+ t 1 + t2 1 + t2
2 dt 2 dt
c − b ∫ t 2 + a.t + c + b c − b ∫ 
= =
2
a  c+b a2
c−b c−b t +  + −
 2 ( c − b)  c − b 4 ( c − b)
2

2 dt
c−b∫
= ,

t +
a
2

 +
( 2
4 c −b −a 2
) 2

 2 ( c − b )  4 ( c − b)
2

(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
( )
If 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2 > 0 ⇒ put
4 ( c − b)
2
= q2 , t +
a
2 ( c − b)
x
= tan +
a
2 2( c − b)
=y

dx 2 dy 2 y
⇒ dt = dy ⇒ I = ∫ = ∫ = arctan
a sin x + b cos x + c c − b y 2 + q 2 ( c − b ) .q q

(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
( )
If 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2 < 0 ⇒ put
4( c − b)
2
= −q 2

dx 2 dy 2 dy 2 q+y
⇒I=∫
a sin x + b cos x + c c − b ∫ y 2 − q 2 ( b − c ) ∫ q 2 − y 2 ( b − c ) 2q q − y
= = = ln

11
π
* ∫
−π
dx
a sin x + b cos x + c
=0 ( With 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
a
y=t+ ⇒ when y → +∞ ⇒ t → +∞, x = 2arctan t → π
2( c − b)
−a
when y → 0 ⇒ t → ,
2 ( c − b)
 −a   a 
x = 2arctan t → 2 arctan   = −2arctan  
 2 ( c − b)   2( c − b) 
when y → −∞ ⇒ t → −∞, x = 2 arctan t → −π ( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 < 0 )
π +∞
dx  2  dy
⇒ J1 = ∫ =  ∫ 2
a sin x + b cos x + c  b − c  y − q 2
 a  0
−2arctan  
 2( c − b ) 
y=k
2  q+y 
= lim  ln =0
( b − c ) 2q k →+∞  q − y  y=0

π +∞
dx  2  dy
J2 = ∫ =  ∫ 2
a sin x + b cos x + c  b − c  y − q 2
−π −∞
y =+∞
=
2  q+y 
ln
( b − c ) 2q  q − y  y=−∞
=0 ( With 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 < 0 )
(
If 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2 > 0 )
π +∞ +∞
dx 2 dy2  y
⇒I= ∫ =
a sin x + b cos x + c c − b ∫ 2 2 ( c − b ) .q 
= arctg
q  −∞
−π −∞ y + q
2
= ( arctan ( +∞ ) − arctan ( −∞ ) )
( c − b ) .q
2π 4π
= =

( c − b) .
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2) (
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
2
4( c − b)

12
π π
sin n x.dx cos n x.dx
* ∫ n +1
= ∫ n +1
=0
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )

( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 < 0 )
π
I( a) = ∫
−π
dx
a sin x + b cos x + c
=0 ( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 < 0 )
'
π −1

⇒ I ( a ) =  ∫ ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) dx 
'
 −π 
a
π
' −2
= ∫ − ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) a .( a sin x + b cos x + c ) dx
−π
 π
−1  ' −2  − sin x.dx
   u ( a )   = −u ( a ) .  u ( a )   = ∫
'
=0
    −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) 2

'
π − sin x.dx  π
( 2
−1) 2sin 2 x.dx
I ( a) =  ∫
''  = ∫ =0
 −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) 2  3
  a −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
π π
( n) = ( −1) n n!.sin n x.dx sin n x.dx
 I ( a )  ∫ =0⇒ ∫ =0
n +1 n +1
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
π π
( n) = ( −1) n n!.cosn x.dx cos n x.dx
 I ( b )  ∫ =0⇒ ∫ =0
n +1 n +1
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
π
* ∫
sin x.dx
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
=
−4π.a
3 ( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
(( )
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 )

13
π
I( a) = ∫
dx
=

( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
−π
a sin x + b cos x + c
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
'
 
π
' ( −1) sin x.dx  4π 
 I ( a )  = ∫ = 
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
 4 c2 − b2 − a 2

( ) 
a

(( ) )
 1 '
4π.  −  . 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2
 2 a 4π.a
= =
3 3

(( 4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 ) ) (( 4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 ) )
π
⇒ ∫
sin x.dx
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
=
−4π.a
3 ( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
((
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 ) )
π
* ∫
cos x.dx
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
=
3
−16π.b
( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
(( 2 2
4 c −b −a 2 2
) )
π
I ( b) = ∫
dx
=

( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
−π
a sin x + b cos x + c
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
'
'  
' π dx  π
( −1) cos x.dx  4π 
 I ( b )  =  ∫  = ∫ = 
 −π a sin x + b cos x + c 
b −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2

( ) 
b

(( ) )
 1 ,
4π.  −  4 c2 − b 2 − a 2
 2 b −2π. ( −8b )
= =
3 3

( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
) ( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
)
π
cos x.dx −16π.b
⇒ ∫ 2
=
3
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
)
14
π
* ∫
dx
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
=
3
16π.c
( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
(( 2 2
4 c −b −a 2 2
) )
π
I ( c) = ∫
dx
=

( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
−π
a sin x + b cos x + c
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
'
'  
' π dx  π
( −1) dx  4π 
 I ( c )  =  ∫  = ∫ = 
 −π a sin x + b cos x + c 
c −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
 4 c2 − b2 − a 2

( ) 
c

(( ) )
 1 ,
4π.  −  4 c2 − b2 − a 2
 2 c −2π.8c
= =
3 3

( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
) ( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
)
π
dx 16π.c
⇒ ∫ 2
=
3
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
((
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 ) )
2π n 1
* lim .∑
n →+∞ n i =0  −n.π + 2i.π   −n.π + 2i.π 
a sin   + b cos  +c
 n   n 
0

with 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2 < 0 ( )

=
=

with 4 c2 − b2 − a 2 > 0 ( )



(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )

15
π +∞ y =+∞
dx  2  dy 2  q+y 
J2 = ∫ =  ∫ 2 =  ln  =0
a sin x + b cos x + c  b − c  y − q 2 ( b − c ) 2q  q − y  y=−∞
−π −∞
1 2π 2i.π −n.π + 2i.π
Dat f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ [ −π, π] , ∆x = , x i = −π + =
a sin x + b cos x + c n n n
2π n 1
⇒ lim I = lim .∑
n →+∞ n →+∞ n i =0  −n.π + 2i.π   − n.π + 2i.π 
a sin   + b cos  +c
 n   n 

n π
dx
0

with 4 (
c 2
− b 2
)
− a 2
<0
= lim ∑ f ( x i ) .∆x = ∫ =
n →+∞ i =0
−π
a sin x + b cos x + c  2π
 ( c − b ) .q
( )
with 4 c2 − b2 − a 2 > 0

2dt
dx 1 + t2 dt
∫ 3cos x + 4sin x + 5 ∫ = = 2∫
3 1 − t2 ( +
8t )
+5
2t 2 + 8t + 8

1 + t2 1 + t2
dt 1 1
=∫ =− =− +C
( t + 2) 2 t + 2 x
tg + 2
2

dx 2  x −a + b 
* I=∫ = .arctg  tg . +C
a cos x + b
( 2
b −a 2
)  2 a + b 

dx x 1 − t2 2dt
* I=∫ dat t = tg ⇒ cos x = , x = 2arctan t ⇒ dx =
a cos x + b 2 1 + t2 1 + t2
2dt

⇒I=∫ 1 + t2 =∫
2dt
( ) (
a 1 − t2 + b 1 + t2 )
t 2 ( −a + b ) + ( a + b )

1 + t2
If ( a + b ) ( −a + b ) = b 2 − a 2 > 0 ⇔ b > a

16
2 dt 2 −a + b t
⇒I=
( −a + b ) ∫ 2
=
( −a + b ) a+b
.arctan
a+b
+C
 a+b 
t2 +   −a + b
 − a + b 
dx 2 t
⇒I=∫ = .arctan +C
a cos x + b ( −a + b ) ( a + b ) a+b
−a + b
2  x −a + b 
= .arctan  tg . +C
( 2
b −a 2
)  2 a + b 

2
a+b  a+b 
If ( a + b ) ( −a + b ) = b2 − a 2 < 0 ⇔ b < a ⇒ = − 
−a + b  −a + b
 
2
 
b − a = −  b2 − a 2 
2 2
 

a+b
t+
2 dt 2 1 −a + b
⇒I=
( −a + b ) ∫ 2
= .
( a − b)  a+b 
.ln
a+b
 a+b  2 t−
2
t −   
 −a + b  −a + b  −a + b
 
x a+b
tg +
dx 1 −a + b 2 −a + b
⇒I=∫ = .ln
a cos x + b ( a − b ) a+b x a+b
tg −
2 −a + b

 π
n π
π
dx  2 if b > a
* lim ∑ =∫ =  b −a
a cos x + b 
2
n →+∞ i =1 n  a cos  i.π  + b  0 if b < a
    0
  n  

17
π
dx
* I=∫ if b > a
a cos x + b
0
π π
dx 2   x −a + b  
⇒I=∫ =  arctg  tg . 
a cos x + b
0 ( 2
b −a 2 
)  2 a + b   0

2 2 π π
= . ( arctan ( +∞ ) − arctan 0 ) = . =
( b2 − a 2 ) ( )
b2 − a 2
2 b2 − a 2

π
dx
if b > a ⇒ I = ∫
a cos x + b
0
π
 x a+b 
 tan + 
1 −a + b  2 −a + b   π 
= . ln = 0  tan = +∞ 
( a − b) a+b  x a+b   2 
 tan − 
 2 −a + b 
0

1 π i.π
Dat f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ [ 0, π] , ∆x = , x i =
a cos x i + b n n
n n π
π dx
⇒ lim In = lim ∑ = lim ∑ f ( x i ) .∆x = ∫
n →+∞ n →+∞ i =1   i.π   n →+∞ i =0 a cos x + b
n  a cos   + b  0
  n  
 π
 2 if b > a
= b −a 2
0 if b < a

π
cos x.dx −a.π
*∫ = with sign ( a + b ) = sign ( −a + b )
2 3
0 ( a cos x + b )
( b2 − a 2 2 )

18
π
dx
* I( a) = ∫ if b > a
a cos x + b
0
π π
dx 2   x −a + b  
⇒I=∫ =  arctg  tg . 
a cos x + b
0 ( 2
b −a 2 
) 2 a + b   0

2 2 π π
= . ( arctan ( +∞ ) − arctan 0 ) = . =
( b2 − a 2 ) ( b2 − a 2) 2 b2 − a 2

'
π ( −1) ( a cos x + b ) ' '
π −1
 π
( −1) cos x.dx  π 
⇒ I ( a ) =  ∫ ( a cos x + b ) .dx  = ∫
' a .dx = ∫ = 
2 2 
a 0 (
 0  a cos x + b ) 0 ( a cos x + b )
2
 b −a
2 
a

( )
 1 '
π.  −  b2 − a 2 π
a.π cos x.dx −a.π
= 
2 a
= ⇒∫ =
3 3 2 3
0 ( a cos x + b )
( 2
b −a 2 2
) ( 2
b −a 2 2
) ( 2
b −a 2 2
)
with b > a

π
( cos x ) n .dx
*∫ =0 with b < a
n +1
0 ( a cos x + b )
π
 x a+b 
π  tan + 
dx 1 −a + b  2 −a + b  =0
if b < a ⇒ I ( a ) = ∫ = . ln
a cos x + b ( a − b ) a+b  x a+b 
0  tan − 
 2 −a + b  0
'
 π  π dx  π
( −1) cos x.dx
 tan = +∞  ⇒ I ( a ) =  ∫
'  =∫ = 0,
+ 2
a 0(
 2   0 a cos x b  a cos x + b )
π π
( n) ( −1) n ( cos x ) n .dx ( cos x ) n .dx
⇒  I ( a )  =∫ =0⇒ ∫ =0
n +1 n +1
0 ( a cos x + b ) 0 ( a cos x + b )

19
  
 2  x a b2

.arctg  tg +   with b2 − a 2 > 0
 b2 − a 2  2 b  b 2 − a 2 
  
dx 
* I=∫ = x a a 2 − b2
a sin x + b  tan + +
1 2 b b2 with b2 − a 2 < 0
 .ln
 a 2 − b2 x a a 2 − b2
 tan + −
 2 b b2

dx x 2t 2dt
* I=∫ dat t = tg ⇒ sin x = , x = 2arctgt ⇒ dx =
a sin x + b 2 1 + t2 1 + t2
2dt

⇒I=∫ 1 + t2 =∫
2dt 2
= ∫
dt 2
= ∫
dt
(
2at + b 1 + t 2) bt 2 + 2at + b b t 2 + 2at + 1 b 
b
a
2
a
 t +  +1−  
2

2  b b
1+ t
2 dt
= ∫ If b2 − a 2 > 0
2
b  a b2 − a 2
t +  +
 b b2

 
 t+a 
  2 b2  b2 
2 1 b   a 
⇒I= . .arctg   = b. 2 .arctg  t + 
b b2 − a 2 2  b  b2 − a 2 
 b2 − a 2  b − a  
 
b2  b2 
 b 2 
dx 2   x a
⇒I=∫ = .arctg  tg + 
a sin x + b 2
b −a 2  2 b  b 2 − a 2 
 

2 dt
If b2 − a 2 < 0 ⇒ a 2 − b 2 > 0 ⇒ I = ∫
b 2
a   a 2 − b2 
2
 
 t +  −
 b  
 b2 

a a 2 − b2 x a a 2 − b2
t+ + tan + +
2 1 b 2 1 2 b 2
= . .ln b = .ln b
b 2
a −b 2
a 2
a −b 2 2
a −b 2
x a a 2 − b2
2 t+ − tan + −
2 2
b b b 2 b b2
20
n 2π
* lim
n →+∞
∑   − n.π + 2i.π  
=0
i =1 n. a sin
   + b
  n  

dx 1 2π
* I= ∫ =0 ( sin x là hàm le ) , dat f ( xi ) = , x i ∈ [ −π, π] , ∆x = ,
a sin x + b a sin xi + b n
−π
2i.π −n.π + 2i.π n 2π
x i = −π + = , ⇒ lim I = lim ∑
n n n →+∞ n →+∞ i =1   −n.π + 2i.π  
n.  a sin   + b
  n  
n +π
dx
= lim
n →+∞
∑ f ( xi ) .∆x = ∫ a sin x + b
=0
i =1 −π

dx x 2dt
* I=∫ Put t = tan ⇒ x = 2 arctan t, dx = ,
sin x 2 2
1+ t
−1
x x sin ( x/2 )  1  2 tan ( x/2 ) 2t
sin x = 2sin .cos = 2 .  = =
2 2 cos ( x/2 )  cos 2 ( x/2 )  tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 1 + t 2
 

x 
cos x = 2 cos 2 − 1 =  2 −
1 
 .
1 
 =
−1
=
(
2 − tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 1 − t 2 )
2  2   2 
cos ( x/2 )   cos ( x/2 )  tan ( x/2 ) + 1
2
1 + t2

dx 2dt 2t dt x
⇒I = ∫ =∫ ÷ = ∫ = ln t = ln tan + C
sin x 1 + t2 1 + t2 t 2

sin x.dx 2t 2dt  2t  4t.dt  at 2 + 2t + a 


* I=∫
sin x + a ∫ t 2 + 1 t 2 + 1  t 2 + 1
= . ÷ +a = ∫ ÷ 
( )
2  2 
 t2 + 1  t +1 

4t.dt 4t A B
=∫ , Put = +
( t 2 + 1) ( at 2 + 2t + a ) ( t 2 + 1) ( at 2 + 2t + a ) t 2 + 1 at 2 + 2t + a
⇒ A ( at 2 + 2t + a ) + B ( 1 + t 2 ) = 4t ⇒ ( a.A + B ) .t 2 = 0, 2A.t = 4t, a.A + B = 0
⇒ A = 2, a.A + B = 2a + B = 0 ⇒ B = −2a
4t.dt 2dt dt dt
⇒I=∫ =∫ − 2a ∫ = 2.arctan t − 2∫
( )(
t 2 + 1 at 2 + 2t + a t2 + 1) at 2 + 2t + a 2t
t2 + + 1
a

21
sin x.dx a  tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 
* I=∫
sin x + a
=x−
2
.arctan 
 2


( where a > 1)
a −1  a −1 

dt dt dt
I1 = −2 ∫ = −2 ∫ = −2 ∫
2t 2 2
a2 − 1
t2 + + 1  1
t + + 1 −
1  t.a + 1 
+
a    
 a a2  a  a2
2 a2 − 1 1 a
If a > 1 or a < −1 ⇒ a − 1 > 0 ⇒ = M2 ⇒=
a2 M a2 − 1
dt 1  t.a + 1 
⇒ I1 = −2 ∫ = − .arctan  
2 M  a.M 
 t.a + 1  2
  +M
 a 
a  t.a + 1 a  a  t.a + 1 
=− .arctan  . =− .arctan  
2  a 2  2  2 
a −1  a −1  a −1  a −1 

1 dt a  t.a + 1 
2 ∫ t 2 + 2t + 1
⇒ I = 2.arctan t − = 2.arctan t − .arctan  
2  2 
a −1  a −1 
a
 x a  tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 
= 2.arctan  tan  − .arctan  
 2 2  2 
a −1  a −1 
sin x.dx a  tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 
⇒I=∫
sin x + a
=x−
2
.arctan 
 2


( where a > 1)
a −1  a −1 

π
sin x.dx a   tan ( π/2 ) .a + 1   tan 0.a + 1  
⇒J=∫ =π− . arctan   − arctan  
sin x + a     
 a − 1  
2 2 2
0 a −1   a −1 
πa  tan 0.a + 1  
=π− .  − arctan  
  
 a − 1  
2
a −1  2 2

 
 ln tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 + 1 − a
2
sin x.dx a 
* I=∫ =x−
 
( where − 1 < a < 1)
sin x + a 1 − a2  tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 − 1 − a
2

22
dt dt dt
I1 = −2 ∫ = −2 ∫ = −2 ∫
2t 2 2
a2 − 1
t2 + + 1  1 1  t.a + 1 
a  t +  +1− 2   + 2
 a a  a  a

2 a2 − 1 2 1 − a2
If a < 1 ⇒ a − 1 < 0 ⇒ = −M ⇒ M =
a2 a
dt 1   t.a + 1   t.a + 1  
⇒ I1 = −2 ∫ =− .  ln   − M − ln   + M 
2 M   a   a 
 t.a + 1  2 
  −M
 a 

a  
= .  ln  t.a + 1 + 1 − a 2  .a −1 − ln  t.a + 1 − 1 − a 2  .a −1 
1 − a2      
 2 
a  ln t.a + 1 + 1 − a , dx 1  dx dx 
=
  ∫ x2 − a2 = ∫
2a  x − a
−∫
x+a

1 − a 2  t.a + 1 − 1 − a 2 

 
dt a  t.a + 1 + 1 − a 2 
⇒ I = 2.arctan t − 2 ∫ = 2.arctan t − ln
2 2t 2 
1 − a  t.a + 1 − 1 − a 2 
t + +1 
a
 2 
 x a  tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 + 1 − a 
= 2.arctan  tan  − ln
 2 2  
1 − a  tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 − 1 − a 2 
 
 ln tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 + 1 − a
2
sin x.dx a 
⇒I=∫ =x−
 
( where − 1 < a < 1)
sin x + a 1 − a2  tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 − 1 − a
2

π
sin x.dx
* I=∫
n
=0 ( where a < 1)
0 ( sin x + a )

23
π
sin x.dx a
⇒J=∫ =π− ( ln1 − ln1) = π ( where a < 1)
sin x + a 1− a 2
0
π π
sin x.dx 2 sin x.dx
⇒ J ( a ) = ( −1) ∫
'
= 0, J ( a ) = ( −1) .2 ∫
''
=0
2 3
0 ( sin x + a ) 0 ( sin x + a )
π π
 J ( a ) 
( n −1)
= ( −1)
n −1
. ( n − 1) ! ∫
sin x.dx sin x.dx
n
=0⇒ ∫
n
=0 ( where a < 1)
0 ( sin x + a ) 0 ( sin x + a )

Check the result


'
  tan ( x / 2 ) .a + 1  
 2.arctan  tan  −
x a
.arctan  
  2 2  2 
 a −1  a −1  x
−1 −1
   2  '
x
2
 x
'
a  tan ( x / 2 ) .a + 1 
 + 1
 tan ( x / 2 ) .a + 1 
= 2.  tan  + 1 .  tan  − .  . 
 2   2     
a 2 − 1  a2 − 1   
2
a −1 

2 −2 '
 x  x x
= 2.  cos  .  cos  . 
 2  2 2
−1
  tan ( x / 2 ) .a  2 + 2 tan ( x / 2 ) .a + 1 + a 2 − 1  '
a  a  x 
− .    .  tan  
 2   2 
2
a −1  a −1
 a2 −1 

−1
   x  
2  −2 '
2  2  x  x x
= 1 − a . a  tan  + 1 + 2a.tan   .  cos  . 
  2   2    2 2

−1
 2 2
2  a + 2a.sin ( x / 2 ) .cos ( x / 2 )  x 
=1− a . .  cos 
  cos ( x / 2 ) 
2  2 
 
−1 a a + sin x − a sin x
= 1 − a 2 . a 2 + a.sin x  =1− = =
  ( a + sin x ) ( a + sin x ) a + sin x

24
dx dx dx d ( xπ/2
+ ) = ln tgπ/2 +π/4
22 / I = ∫ =∫ =∫ =∫ ( ) +C
cos x ( −x
sinπ/2 ) ( π − (x −
sinπ/2 )) sin x( +π/2 )

dx dx cos ( x/2 ) .d ( x/2 ) d ( tan ( x/2 ) ) x


* I=∫ =∫ =∫ =∫ = ln tan + C
sin x 2sin ( x/2 ) .cos ( x/2 ) sin ( x/2 ) .cos2 ( x/2 ) tan ( x/2 ) 2
sin x.dx −d ( cos x )
* I = ∫ tan x.dx = ∫ =∫ = − ln ( cos x )
cos x cos x

cos x.dx 2a  tan ( x/2 ) a − 1 


* I=∫ =x− .arctan   where a < −1 or a > 1
cos x + a 2  a + 1
a −1  

cos x.dx x 2dt


* I=∫ Put t = tan ⇒ x = 2 arctan t, dx = ,
cos x + a 2 1 + t2

cos x = 2 cos 2x

−1 =  2 −
1 
.
1 

−1
=
(
2 − tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 ) = 1 − t2
2  cos2 ( x/2 )   cos2 ( x/2 )  tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 1 + t2
  

⇒I = ∫
cos x.dx
=∫
2dt  1 − t 2   1 − t 2
. 
. + a


−1
=∫
( .
)
2 1 − t 2 dt  1 − t 2 + a.t 2 + a −1

t 2 + 1  t 2 + 1   t 2 + 1 
(

) 
cos x + a 2 2
2
t +1  t + 1 

=∫
(
2 1 − t 2 dt ) =∫
2dt
−∫
2t 2 .dt
,
( t + 1) ( t
2 2
( a − 1) + a + 1) ( t + 1) ( t
2 2
( a − 1) + a + 1) ( t + 1) ( t
2 2
( a − 1) + a + 1)

2 A.t + B C.t + D
Put = +
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a − 1) t2 + 1 t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1
⇒ ( A.t + B) ( t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) + ( C.t + D ) ( t 2 + 1) = 2

⇒ t 3 ( a.A − A + C ) = 0, t ( a.A − A + C ) = 0, t 2 ( a.B − B + D ) = 0, a.B + B + D = 2


⇒ A = C = 0, 2B = 2 ⇒ B = 1, a + 1 + D = 2 ⇒ D = 1 − a

⇒ I1 = ∫
2.dt
=∫
dt
+∫
( 1 − a ) .dt = arctan t − dt
∫ 2 a +1
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) t2 + 1 t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1 t +
a −1

25
2
a +1 a +1  a +1  2
If > 0 ⇔ a > 1 or a < −1 ⇒ =  =M
a −1 a −1  a −1 
dt 1  t 
⇒ I1 = arctan t − ∫ = arctan t − .arctan  
t2 + M2 M M
−2t 2 A.t + B C.t + D
Put = +
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) t2 + 1 t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1

( ) (
⇒ ( A.t + B) t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1 + ( C.t + D ) t 2 + 1 = −2t 2 )
⇒ t 3 ( a.A − A + C ) = 0, t ( a.A + A + C ) = 0, t 2 ( a.B − B + D ) = −2t 2 , a.B + B + D = 0
⇒ A = C = 0, a.B − B + D = −2, a.B + B + D = 0 ⇒ B = 1, a + 1 + D = 0 ⇒ D = − ( a + 1)

⇒ I2 = ∫
−2t 2 .dt
=∫
dt
−∫
( a + 1) dt
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) ( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1)
( a + 1)  2 a + 1  −1
( a − 1) ∫ 
= arctan t − t +  .dt,
a −1

2
a +1 a +1  a +1  2
If > 0 ⇔ a < −1 or a > 1 ⇒ =  =M
a −1 a −1  a −1 
( a + 1) dt ( a + 1) .arctan  t 
⇒ I 2 = arctan t − ∫
( a − 1) t 2 + M 2
= arctan t −
M ( a − 1)
 
M

⇒ I = I1 + I 2 = 2 arctan t −
( a + 1) .arctan  t  − 1 .arctan  t 
   
M ( a − 1) M M M
 t   ( a + 1) 1 2a  t 
= 2arctan t − arctan    +  = 2arctan t − .arctan  
 M   M ( a − 1) M  M ( a − 1) M

 x 2a  tan ( x/2 )  a +1
= 2arctan  tan  − .arctan   where M =
 2  M ( a − 1)  M  a −1
2a a − 1  tan ( x/2 ) a − 1 
=x− .arctan  
a + 1 ( a − 1)  a + 1
 
cos x.dx 2a  tan ( x/2 ) a − 1 
⇒I=∫ =x− .arctan   where a < −1 or a > 1
cos x + a 2  a + 1
a −1  

26
π
cos x.dx π 2a π π a.π
* ∫ cos x + a 2
= − . = −
0 a2 − 1 2 2 a2 − 1

cos x.dx a tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a − a + 1


* I=∫ =x+ .log where − 1 < a < 1
cos x + a 1− a 2 tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a + a + 1

I1 = ∫
2.dt
=∫
dt
+∫
( 1 − a ) .dt = arctan t − dt

( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) t2 + 1 t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1 t2 +
a +1
a −1
2
a +1 a +1   2a +1
If < 0 ⇔ −1 < a < 1 ⇒ = −  = − M
a −1 a −1  a −1
 
dt 1 t−M
⇒ I1 = arctan t − ∫ = arctan t − .log  
t2 − M2 2M t+M
dt 1  dt dt 
∫ t 2 − M 2 2M  ∫ t − M ∫ t + M 
=  −

I2 = ∫
−2t 2 .dt
=∫
dt
−∫
( a + 1) dt
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) ( t 2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1)
( a + 1)  2 a + 1  −1 ( a + 1) t 2 − M 2 −1 .dt
= arctan t −
( a − 1) ∫ 
t + 
a −1
.dt = arctan t −
( a − 1) ∫ ( )
= arctan t −
( a + 1) .log t − M
2M ( a − 1) t+M

⇒ I = I1 + I 2 = 2 arctan t −
( a + 1) .log t − M − 1 .log t − M
2M ( a − 1) t + M 2M t+M

 x tan ( x/2 ) − M  ( a + 1) 1 
= 2arctan  tan  − log  + 
 2 tan ( x/2 ) + M  2M ( a − 1) 2M 
a tan ( x/2 ) − M a +1 a +1
=x− .log , where M = = , −1 < a < 1
M ( a − 1) tan ( x/2 ) + M a −1 1− a

27
a 1− a tan ( x/2 ) − M a 1− a tan ( x/2 ) − M
=x− .log =x+ .log
a + 1 ( a − 1) tan ( x/2 ) + M a +1 1− a tan ( x/2 ) + M

a tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a − a + 1
=x+ .log
1 − a2 tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a + a + 1

π
cos x.dx
* ∫ n
= 0 where − 1 < a < 1
0 ( cos x + a )

cos x.dx a tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a − a + 1


⇒I=∫ =x+ .log where − 1 < a < 1
cos x + a 1− a 2 tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a + a + 1
π π
cos x.dx cos x.dx
⇒ I( a) = ∫ = π ⇒ I' ( a ) = ( −1) ∫ =0
cos x + a 2
0 ( cos x + a ) 0
π π
2 cos x.dx ( n −1) n −1 cos x.dx
I ( a ) = ( −1) .2 ∫
''
= 0,  I ( a )  = ( −1) . ( n − 1) ! ∫ =0
3 n
0 ( cos x + a ) 0 ( cos x + a )
π
cos x.dx
⇒∫ = 0 where − 1 < a < 1
n
0 ( cos x + a )

Code Matlab:
a = input('nhap vao can duoi a: '); b = input('nhap vao can tren b: ');
x = a:10^(-3):b; y = cos(x).*(cos(x) + 1/2).^(-5); y1 = 0; y2 = 0;
for i = 2 : 2 : length(x) - 2
y1 = y1+y(i);
end
for j = 3 : 2 : length(x) - 1
y2 = y2+y(j);
end
I = (b - a)/(3*length(x))*(4*y1 + 2*y2 + y(1) + y(length(x)))

28
a
dx
I=∫ , Put x = a.sin t ⇒ dx = a.cos t.dt,
2 2
0 a −x +b

( )
a 2 − x 2 = a 2 1 − sin 2 t = ( a.cos t )
2

π /2 π /2
π a.cos t.dt cos t.dt
x = 0 ⇒ t = 0, x = a ⇒ sin t = 1 ⇒ t = ⇒ I =
2 ∫ a.cos t + b
= ∫ cos t + b/a
,
0 0
cos x.dx a tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a − a + 1
I=∫ =x+ .log where − 1 < a < 1
cos x + a 1− a 2 tan ( )
x/2 1 − a + a + 1

If − 1 < b/a < 1 ⇒ −a < b < a


π /2 π /2
cos t.dt π ( b/a ) .log tan ( t/2 ) . 1 − ( b/a ) − ( b/a ) + 1
⇒ ∫ = +
cos t + b/a 2 2 tan ( t/2 ) . 1 − ( b/a ) + ( b/a ) + 1 0
0 1 − ( b/a )

π a−b a+b


tan   . −
π b 4 a a
= + .log
2 a 2 − b2 π a−b a+b
a tan   . +
a2 4 a a
a
dx π b a−b − a+b
⇒I=∫ = + .log , where − a < b < a
0 a2 − x2 + b 2 2
a −b 2 a−b + a+b

5
dx π 3 2− 8 π 3 2− 8
I=∫ = + .log = + .log
 2 2  2 2
5 −3 2 2+ 8 2 4 2+ 8
0  5 − x + 3
 

Code Matlab, calculating by Simpson formula:


a = input('nhap vao can duoi a: '); b = input('nhap vao can tren b: ');
x = a - 10^(-3) : 10^(-3) : b - 10^(-3); y = ((25 - x.^2).^(1/2) + 3).^(-1); y1 = 0; y2 = 0;
for i = 2 : 2 : length(x) - 2 y1 = y1+y(i); end
for j = 3 : 2 : length(x) - 1 y2 = y2+y(j); end
I = (b - a)/(3*length(x))*(4*y1 + 2*y2 + y(1) + y(length(x)))

I = pi/2 + 3/4*log( ( 8^(1/2) - 2^(1/2) ) / ( 2^(1/2) + 8^(1/2) ) )

a = input('nhap vao can duoi a: '); b = input('nhap vao can tren b: ');
x = a - 10^(-3) : 10^(-3) : b - 10^(-3); y = cos(x).*(cos(x) + 3/5).^(-1); y1 = 0; y2 = 0;
for i = 2 : 2 : length(x) - 2 y1 = y1+y(i); end
for j = 3 : 2 : length(x) - 1 y2 = y2+y(j); end
29
I = (b - a)/(3*length(x))*(4*y1 + 2*y2 + y(1) + y(length(x)))

dx x 2dt
*/ I = ∫ Put t = tan ⇒ x = 2arctan t, dx = ,
( sin x.cos x ) 1/3 2 1+ t 2

sin x =
2t
, cos x =
1 − t2
⇒ sin x.cos x =
(
2 t − t3 )
1 + t2 1 + t2
( )
2
1 + t2

1/3

⇒I=∫

2dt  1 + t
2 2
( ) 

=∫
2dt (1+ t ) = 2 2/3
22/3.dt
.
2   . ∫
1 + t  2 t − t 3

( ) 

1 + t2 2 .( t − t )
1/3 3 1/3
( ) ( )
1 + t 2 1/3
. t − t 3 1/3

22/3.dt
=∫
( )
1/3
t − t5

Nếu R(– sinx, cosx) = – R(sinx, cosx). Khi ấy đặt t = cosx (hàm lẻ theo sinx, chẵn theo cosx)
Nếu R(sinx, – cosx) = – R(sinx, cosx). Khi ấy đặt t = sinx (hàm lẻ theo cosx, chẵn theo sinx)
Nếu R(– sinx, – cosx) = R(sinx, cosx). Khi ấy đặt t = tanx (hàm chẵn theo sinx và cosx)
(
VD2 : Tính I = ∫ sin 2 x.cos3 x + cos x dx )
Hàm duoi dau tich phan le theo cos x nên ta dat t = sin x ⇒ dt = cos x.dx

( )
⇒ I = ∫ sin 2 x.cos 2 x + 1 cos x.dx = ∫ t 2 1 − t 2 + 1 dt ( ( ) )
t3 t5 sin 3 x sin 5 x
= − +t= − + sin x + C
3 5 3 5

dx
* I=∫
sin 2 x + sin 2x − cos 2 x
dx
VD3 : Tính I = ∫
sin 2 x + sin 2x − cos 2 x
2 2
sin 2 x + sin 2x − cos 2 x = ( − sin x ) + 2 ( − sin x ) ( − cos x ) − ( − cos x )
Hàm duoi dau tich phan chan theo sin x và cos x nen ta dat t = tgx
tgx t 1 dt
⇒ sin x = = , cos x = , x = arctgt, dx = ,
2
2
1 + tg x 1+ t 2
1+ t 2 1 + t

30
2t
sin 2x = 2sin x.cos x =
1 + t2
dt  t 2 + 2t − 1  dt d ( t + 1)
⇒I=∫ ÷ =∫ =∫
1 + t 2  1 + t 2  t 2 + 2t − 1 ( t + 1) 2 − 2
1 t +1− 2 1 tgx + 1 − 2 dx 1 x−a
=
2 2
ln
t +1+ 2
=
2 2
ln
tgx + 1 + 2
∫ x2 − a2 = ln
2a x + a

31

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