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1
dx
1/ I = ∫ = ln x + x 2 + a 2
x2 + a2
dx 2
a/ I=∫ , put x 2 + a 2 = t − x ⇒ x 2 + a 2 = ( t − x ) = t 2 − 2t.x + x 2
x2 + a2
dx 1 i.a
1b / ∫ = ln tan .arcsin
2 x
x2 + a2
b/ ∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
( i2 = −1) put x = sini.a t
x2 + a2 ( )
2 2
x2 − −1.a x 2 − ( i.a )
'
−i.a. ( sin t ) .dt −i.a.cos t.dt i.a
⇒ dx = = , t = arcsin
sin 2 t sin 2 t x
i.a.cos t.dt 1 i.a.cos t.dt 1
⇒ I = −∫ = −∫
sin 2 t i.a 2 sin 2 t −a 2
− ( i.a )
2
+ a2
2
sin t sin t
2
−i.a.cos t.dt 1 −i.a.cos t.dt 1
= ∫ = ∫
sin 2 t −1 + sin 2 t sin 2 t − cos 2 t
a a
sin 2 t sin 2 t
−i.a.cos t.dt sin t −dt t 1 i.a
= ∫ = ∫ sin t = − ln tan = − ln tan 2 .arcsin
sin 2 t i.a.cos t 2 x
dx 1 a
*∫ = ln tan .arcsin put a = i.b
x2 − a2 2 x
dx 1 i.b
⇒∫ = ln tan .arcsin
x 2 + b2 2 x
dx i.x
1c / ∫ = −i arcsin
a
+C
x2 + a2
c/ ∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
( i 2 = −1)
x2 + a2 ( )
2 2 2
− −1.x + a2 a 2 − ( i.x ) i.x
a 1−
a
i.x i.dx a.du i.a.du
Put = u ⇒ du = ⇒ dx = = = −i.a.du
a a i i2
dx −1 i.a.du i.x
⇒∫ = ∫ = −i arcsin + C
a2 − x2 a 1 − u2 a
dx x
*I=∫ Put x = a.sin t ⇒ dx = a.cos t.dt, t = arcsin
a2 − x2 a
a.cos t.dt a.cos t.dt x
⇒I=∫ =∫ = ∫ dt = t = arcsin
a 2 − a 2 .sin 2 t a cos 2 t a
i.dy i.y
Put x = i.y ⇒ I = ∫ = arcsin
a 2 + y2 a
dy i.y
⇒∫ = −i.arcsin
a 2 + y2 a
3
x = i.y ⇒ when x = 1, y = −i and when x = 2, y = −2i
2 2 −2i
dx dx dy
⇒∫ =∫ = ∫
x2 + a2 ( )
2
1 1 − −1.x + a2 −i a 2 + y2
2 −2i
2 2 i.y
⇒ ln x + x + a = −i.arcsin
1 a −i
i. ( −i ) 1
⇔ ln 1 + 1 + a 2 = −i.arcsin = −i.arcsin , arcsin z = −i ln z ± z 2 + 1
a a
eiw − e−iw
w = arcsin z ⇒ z = sin w = ⇒ e2i.w − 2z.eiw − 1 = 0 ⇒ eiw = z ± z 2 + 1
2
⇒ i.w = ln z ± z 2 + 1 ⇒ w = arcsin z = −i ln z ± z 2 + 1
dx 1 x π
*I=∫ = ln tg .arctan + + C
x2 + a2 2 a 4
dx a.dt x
I=∫ Put x = a.tan t ⇒ dx = , t = arctan
x2 + a2 cos 2 t a
a.dt a.dt dt
⇒I=∫ =∫ =∫
cos 2 t a 2 .tan 2 t + a 2 a.cos 2 t tan 2 t + 1 1
cos 2 t
cos 2 t
dt t π dx 1 x π
∫ cos t 2 4
= ln tan + ⇒ I = ∫ 2 2 = ln tg
2
.arctan
a
+
4
x +a
dx 1 i.a
⇒∫ = ln x + x 2 + a 2 = i.ln tg .arcsin
x2 + a2 2 x
i.x 1 x π
= −i arcsin = ln tg .arctan +
a 2 a 4
4
2 2 2
dx dx dx
so why ∫ =∫ =∫ but
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 x +a 1 x − 2
−1.a 1 − −1.x +a 2
2 2
2 2 1 i.a
ln x + x + a ≠ i.ln tg
2
.arcsin
x 1
1
2 2
i.x 1 x π
≠ −i arcsin ≠ ln tg .arctg +
a 1 2 a 4 1
dx x
2a / I = ∫ = arcsin
a2 − x2 a
dx x
a/ I=∫ dat x = a.sin t ⇒ dx = a.cos t.dt, t = arcsin
a2 − x2 a
a.cos t.dt a.cos t.dt x
⇒I=∫ =∫ = ∫ dt = t = arcsin
a 2 − a 2 .sin 2 t a cos 2 t a
dx dx x dx
* ∫ 2 2
=∫
2
Dat
a
= u ⇒ du =
a
⇒ dx = a.du
a −x x
a 1−
a
dx 1 a.du x
⇒∫ = ∫ = arcsin
a2 − x2 a 1 − u2 a
dx
2b / ∫ = −i.ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 + C
a2 − x2
dx dx
b/ ∫ =∫ Dat ( i.x ) 2 + a 2 = t − i.x
2 2 2
a −x ( i.x ) +a 2
2
⇒ − x 2 + a 2 = ( t − i.x ) = t 2 − 2t.ix − x 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) dt
' '
t −a2 2 t2 − a2 i − t2 − a2 i −i t 2 − a 2 .2t + ( 2t ) i t 2 − a 2
⇒x= = = , dx =
2t.i 2t.i 2 2t ( 2t ) 2
=
2
−i4t + 2t .i − 2i.a 2 2
dt =
(
−i 2t 2 + 2a 2 ) = −i ( t 2 + a 2 ) dt
4t 2 4t 2 2t 2
5
(
−i t 2 + a 2 ) dt
⇒∫
dx
=∫ 2t2
=∫
(
−i. t 2 + a 2 dt ) =∫
( )
−i. t 2 + a 2 dt
a2 − x2 t − i.x
2t 2 t − i.
(
− t2 − a2 i
) (
i2 t 2 − a 2
2t 2 t +
)
2t 2t
=∫
(
−i. t 2 + a 2 dt ) =∫
(
−i. t 2 + a 2 dt ) =∫
−i.dt
= −i.ln t + C = −i.ln i.x + a 2 − x 2 + C
2t 2 t −
(
t2 − a2 ) (
t. t 2 + a 2 ) t
2t
dx
*∫ = ln x + a 2 + x 2 + C put x = i.y, we have :
x2 + a2
i.dy dy
dx = i.dy, ∫ = ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 + C ⇒ ∫ = −i.ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 + C
a 2 − y2 a 2 − y2
dx x i.y
∫ = arcsin = arcsin = −i.ln i.y + a 2 − y2
a2 − x2 a a
2
i.y i.y i.y
arcsin z = −i ln z ± z 2 + 1 , ⇒ arcsin = −i.ln + +1
a a a
i.y + a 2 − y 2
= −i.ln = −i. ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 − ln a = −i.ln i.y + a 2 − y 2 + C
a
dx 1 a
2c / ∫ = i.ln tg .arcsin + C
a2 − x2 2 x
dx dx dx
2c / ∫ =∫ =∫
a2 − x2 ( −1) x 2 − a 2 (
i x2 − a2 ) ( )
=∫
i.dx
=∫
−i.dx
( i2 = −1)
i2 ( x2 − a2 ) ( x2 − a2 )
'
a −a. ( sin t ) dt −a.cos t.dt a
dat x = ⇒ dx = = t = arcsin
sin t sin 2 t sin 2 t x
6
− ( −i ) a.cos t.dt 1
⇒I=∫ .
sin 2 t a2
− a2
2
sin t
i.a.cos t.dt 1 i.cos t.dt sin t dt t 1 a
=∫ . =∫ . = i.∫ = i.ln tg = i.ln tg .arcsin + C
sin 2 t 1 − sin 2 t sin 2 t cos t sin t 2 2 x
a
sin 2 t
2
dx dx dx
Vay tai sao : ∫ =∫ =∫ nhung
1
2
a −x 2
( i.x ) 2
+a 2
( −1) ( x 2
−a 2
)
2 2 2
x 1 a 2 2
arcsin ≠ i.ln tg .arcsin ≠ ln i.x + a − x
a 1 2 x 1 1
dx 1 a
3a / I = ∫ = − ln tg .arcsin
x2 − a2 2 x
'
dx a −a. ( sin t ) dt −a.cos t.dt a
a/∫ dat x = ⇒ dx = = t = arcsin
x2 − a2 sin t sin 2 t sin 2 t x
−a.cos t.dt 1 −a.cos t.dt 1
⇒I=∫ . =∫ .
sin 2 t a2 2 sin 2 t 1 − sin 2 t
−a a
sin 2 t sin 2 t
− cos t.dt sin t dt t 1 a
=∫ . = −∫ = − ln tg = − ln tg .arcsin
sin 2 t cos t sin t 2 2 x
dx 2
3b / ∫ = ln x + x 2 + ( i.a ) +C
2 2
x −a
7
dx dx dx
3b / ∫ =∫ =∫
x2 − a2 ( )
2 2
x2 + −1.a x 2 + ( i.a )
2 2 t2 + a2
Dat x + ( i.a ) = t − x ⇒ x − a = ( t − x )
2 2 2 2
= t − 2t.x + x ⇒ x =2
,
2t
( t 2 + a 2 ) .2t − ( 2t ) ( t 2 + a 2 )
' '
4t 2 − 2t 2 − 2a 2 t2 − a2
dx = dt = dt = dt
( 2t ) 2 4t 2 2t 2
t2 − a2
dt
dx 2 dt
⇒∫ =∫ 2t 2
= ∫ = ln t + C = ln x + x 2 + ( i.a ) + C
x2 + a2 t2 + a2 t
t−
2t
dx x
3c / ∫ = −i.arcsin
x2 − a2 a
dx dx dx
3c / ∫ =∫ =∫
x2 − a2 −1 a 2 − x 2 i. a 2 − x 2
i.dx −i.dx x
=∫ =∫ = −i.arcsin
2
i . a −x 2 2
a2 − x2 a
2 2 2
dx dx dx
Vay tai sao : ∫ =∫ =∫
x2 − a2 ( )
2
1 1 x2 + −1.a 1 −1 a 2 − x 2
2 2 2
1 a x
− ln tg .arcsin ≠ ln x + x 2 − a 2 ≠ −i.arcsin
2 x1 1 a1
dx
4/ I = ∫
−x 2 − a 2
8
dx dx −i.dx
I=∫ =∫ =∫ = −i.ln x + x 2 + a 2
−x 2 − a 2 i x2 + a2 x2 + a2
1 i.a i.x 1 x π
= ln tg .arcsin = − arcsin = −i.ln tg .arctg +
2 x a 2 a 4
dx 1 i.a
∫ = ln x + x 2 + a 2 = i.ln tg .arcsin
x2 + a2 2 x
i.x 1 x π
= −i arcsin = ln tg .arctg +
a 2 a 4
2 2 2 2
dx −idx dx dx
Vay tai sao : ∫ 2 2
=∫
2 2
=∫
2
=∫
2
nhung
1 −x − a 1 x +a 1 − x + ( i.a )
2
1 ( i.x ) −a 2
2 2
2 2 1 i.a
−i.ln x + x + a ≠ ln tg
2
.arcsin
x 1
1
2 2
i.x 1 x π
≠ − arcsin ≠ −i.ln tg .arctg +
a 1 2 a 4 1
dx
1 x
5/ I=∫ = .arctan + C
x2 + a2 a a
* I=∫
dx
x2 + a2
Dat x = a.tgt ⇒ dx = a tg 2 t + 1 dt, t = arctan
x
a
( )
dx (
a tan 2 t + 1 dt ) 1 t 1 x
Vay : ∫ x2 + a2 =∫ = ∫ dt = = .arctan + C
(
a 2 tan 2 t + 1 ) a a a a
dx i x + i.a
*I= ∫ = ln
x2 + a2 2a x − i.a
*I= ∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
=∫
dx
( x − i.a ) ( x + i.a ) ( i2 = −1)
( )
2 2 2 2
x +a x2 − −1.a x 2 − ( i.a )
1 A B
= + ⇒ A ( x + i.a ) + B ( x − i.a ) = 1
( x − i.a ) ( x + i.a ) ( x − i.a ) ( x + i.a )
⇔ x ( A + B ) + i.a ( A − B ) = 1
9
A + B = 0 ⇔ A = −B
⇔ 1 i −i i
i.a ( A − B ) = 1 ⇒ A = 2i.a = 2 = 2.a , B = 2.a
2i .a
i d ( x + i.a ) d ( x − i.a ) i ( ln x + i.a − ln x − i.a ) i x + i.a
⇒ I2 = ∫ −∫ = = ln
2a x + i.a x − i.a 2a 2a x − i.a
2 2 2 2
dx 1
dx x i x + i.a
so why : I = ∫ =∫ but .arctg ≠ ln
2 2 2 a 1 2a x − i.a
1 x − ( i.a )
2 a 1
1x +a
dx
6/ I=∫
x2 − a2
dx dx
* I=∫ =∫
x2 − a2 ( x − a) ( x + a)
1 A B
= + ⇒ A ( x + a ) + B ( x − a ) = 1 ⇔ x ( A + B) + a ( A − B) = 1
( x − a) ( x + a) ( x − a) ( x + a)
A + B = 0 ⇔ A = −B
⇔ 1 1
a ( A − B ) = 1 ⇒ A = 2a , B = − 2a
1 d( x − a) d( x + a) ln x − a − ln x + a 1 x−a
2a ∫ x − a ∫ x+a
⇒I= − = = ln
2a 2a x + a
dx dx dx
*I= ∫ =∫ =∫
x2 − a2 ( )
2 2
x2 + −1.a x 2 + ( i.a )
( )
Dat x = i.a.tgt ⇒ dx = i.a tg 2 t + 1 dt, t = arctg
x
i.a
2 2 2 2
dx 1dx x−a −i x
Vay tai sao : ∫ =∫ nhung ln ≠ .arctg
2
1x −a
2
1 x + ( i.a )
2 2 2a x + a 1 a i.a 1
dx
* I=∫
a sin x + b cos x + c
10
x
sin
2 2
x x
cos 2tg
x 2dt x x 2 = 2 = 2t
dat t = tg ⇒ x = 2arctgt, dx = , sin x = 2sin .cos =
2 1 + t2 2 2 1 x 2
tg 2 + 1 1 + t
x 2
cos 2
2
1
2−
x 2 − tg 2 x + 1
cos 2
2x 2 2 1 − t2
cos x = 2 cos −1 = = =
2 1 2x 1 + t2
tg +1
x 2
cos 2
2
2dt
* I=∫
dx 1 + t2 2dt
a sin x + b cos x + c ∫
= =∫
a.t
+
(
b 1 − t2 ) + c ( 1 + t2 ) t 2 ( c − b ) + a.t + b + c
2
1+ t 1 + t2 1 + t2
2 dt 2 dt
c − b ∫ t 2 + a.t + c + b c − b ∫
= =
2
a c+b a2
c−b c−b t + + −
2 ( c − b) c − b 4 ( c − b)
2
2 dt
c−b∫
= ,
t +
a
2
+
( 2
4 c −b −a 2
) 2
2 ( c − b ) 4 ( c − b)
2
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
( )
If 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2 > 0 ⇒ put
4 ( c − b)
2
= q2 , t +
a
2 ( c − b)
x
= tan +
a
2 2( c − b)
=y
dx 2 dy 2 y
⇒ dt = dy ⇒ I = ∫ = ∫ = arctan
a sin x + b cos x + c c − b y 2 + q 2 ( c − b ) .q q
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
( )
If 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2 < 0 ⇒ put
4( c − b)
2
= −q 2
dx 2 dy 2 dy 2 q+y
⇒I=∫
a sin x + b cos x + c c − b ∫ y 2 − q 2 ( b − c ) ∫ q 2 − y 2 ( b − c ) 2q q − y
= = = ln
11
π
* ∫
−π
dx
a sin x + b cos x + c
=0 ( With 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
a
y=t+ ⇒ when y → +∞ ⇒ t → +∞, x = 2arctan t → π
2( c − b)
−a
when y → 0 ⇒ t → ,
2 ( c − b)
−a a
x = 2arctan t → 2 arctan = −2arctan
2 ( c − b) 2( c − b)
when y → −∞ ⇒ t → −∞, x = 2 arctan t → −π ( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 < 0 )
π +∞
dx 2 dy
⇒ J1 = ∫ = ∫ 2
a sin x + b cos x + c b − c y − q 2
a 0
−2arctan
2( c − b )
y=k
2 q+y
= lim ln =0
( b − c ) 2q k →+∞ q − y y=0
π +∞
dx 2 dy
J2 = ∫ = ∫ 2
a sin x + b cos x + c b − c y − q 2
−π −∞
y =+∞
=
2 q+y
ln
( b − c ) 2q q − y y=−∞
=0 ( With 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 < 0 )
(
If 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2 > 0 )
π +∞ +∞
dx 2 dy2 y
⇒I= ∫ =
a sin x + b cos x + c c − b ∫ 2 2 ( c − b ) .q
= arctg
q −∞
−π −∞ y + q
2
= ( arctan ( +∞ ) − arctan ( −∞ ) )
( c − b ) .q
2π 4π
= =
( c − b) .
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2) (
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
2
4( c − b)
12
π π
sin n x.dx cos n x.dx
* ∫ n +1
= ∫ n +1
=0
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 < 0 )
π
I( a) = ∫
−π
dx
a sin x + b cos x + c
=0 ( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 < 0 )
'
π −1
⇒ I ( a ) = ∫ ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) dx
'
−π
a
π
' −2
= ∫ − ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) a .( a sin x + b cos x + c ) dx
−π
π
−1 ' −2 − sin x.dx
u ( a ) = −u ( a ) . u ( a ) = ∫
'
=0
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) 2
'
π − sin x.dx π
( 2
−1) 2sin 2 x.dx
I ( a) = ∫
'' = ∫ =0
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) 2 3
a −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
π π
( n) = ( −1) n n!.sin n x.dx sin n x.dx
I ( a ) ∫ =0⇒ ∫ =0
n +1 n +1
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
π π
( n) = ( −1) n n!.cosn x.dx cos n x.dx
I ( b ) ∫ =0⇒ ∫ =0
n +1 n +1
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c ) −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
π
* ∫
sin x.dx
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
=
−4π.a
3 ( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
(( )
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 )
13
π
I( a) = ∫
dx
=
4π
( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
−π
a sin x + b cos x + c
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
'
π
' ( −1) sin x.dx 4π
I ( a ) = ∫ =
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
4 c2 − b2 − a 2
( )
a
(( ) )
1 '
4π. − . 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2
2 a 4π.a
= =
3 3
(( 4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 ) ) (( 4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 ) )
π
⇒ ∫
sin x.dx
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
=
−4π.a
3 ( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
((
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 ) )
π
* ∫
cos x.dx
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
=
3
−16π.b
( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
(( 2 2
4 c −b −a 2 2
) )
π
I ( b) = ∫
dx
=
4π
( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
−π
a sin x + b cos x + c
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
'
'
' π dx π
( −1) cos x.dx 4π
I ( b ) = ∫ = ∫ =
−π a sin x + b cos x + c
b −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
4 c2 − b 2 − a 2
( )
b
(( ) )
1 ,
4π. − 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2
2 b −2π. ( −8b )
= =
3 3
( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
) ( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
)
π
cos x.dx −16π.b
⇒ ∫ 2
=
3
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
)
14
π
* ∫
dx
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
=
3
16π.c
( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
(( 2 2
4 c −b −a 2 2
) )
π
I ( c) = ∫
dx
=
4π
( with 4 ( c 2
)
− b2 − a 2 > 0 )
−π
a sin x + b cos x + c
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
'
'
' π dx π
( −1) dx 4π
I ( c ) = ∫ = ∫ =
−π a sin x + b cos x + c
c −π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
2
4 c2 − b2 − a 2
( )
c
(( ) )
1 ,
4π. − 4 c2 − b2 − a 2
2 c −2π.8c
= =
3 3
( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
) ( 4( c 2
−b 2
) −a 2 2
)
π
dx 16π.c
⇒ ∫ 2
=
3
−π ( a sin x + b cos x + c )
((
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 2 ) )
2π n 1
* lim .∑
n →+∞ n i =0 −n.π + 2i.π −n.π + 2i.π
a sin + b cos +c
n n
0
with 4 c2 − b 2 − a 2 < 0 ( )
=
=
4π
with 4 c2 − b2 − a 2 > 0 ( )
(
4 c2 − b2 − a 2 )
15
π +∞ y =+∞
dx 2 dy 2 q+y
J2 = ∫ = ∫ 2 = ln =0
a sin x + b cos x + c b − c y − q 2 ( b − c ) 2q q − y y=−∞
−π −∞
1 2π 2i.π −n.π + 2i.π
Dat f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ [ −π, π] , ∆x = , x i = −π + =
a sin x + b cos x + c n n n
2π n 1
⇒ lim I = lim .∑
n →+∞ n →+∞ n i =0 −n.π + 2i.π − n.π + 2i.π
a sin + b cos +c
n n
n π
dx
0
with 4 (
c 2
− b 2
)
− a 2
<0
= lim ∑ f ( x i ) .∆x = ∫ =
n →+∞ i =0
−π
a sin x + b cos x + c 2π
( c − b ) .q
( )
with 4 c2 − b2 − a 2 > 0
2dt
dx 1 + t2 dt
∫ 3cos x + 4sin x + 5 ∫ = = 2∫
3 1 − t2 ( +
8t )
+5
2t 2 + 8t + 8
1 + t2 1 + t2
dt 1 1
=∫ =− =− +C
( t + 2) 2 t + 2 x
tg + 2
2
dx 2 x −a + b
* I=∫ = .arctg tg . +C
a cos x + b
( 2
b −a 2
) 2 a + b
dx x 1 − t2 2dt
* I=∫ dat t = tg ⇒ cos x = , x = 2arctan t ⇒ dx =
a cos x + b 2 1 + t2 1 + t2
2dt
⇒I=∫ 1 + t2 =∫
2dt
( ) (
a 1 − t2 + b 1 + t2 )
t 2 ( −a + b ) + ( a + b )
1 + t2
If ( a + b ) ( −a + b ) = b 2 − a 2 > 0 ⇔ b > a
16
2 dt 2 −a + b t
⇒I=
( −a + b ) ∫ 2
=
( −a + b ) a+b
.arctan
a+b
+C
a+b
t2 + −a + b
− a + b
dx 2 t
⇒I=∫ = .arctan +C
a cos x + b ( −a + b ) ( a + b ) a+b
−a + b
2 x −a + b
= .arctan tg . +C
( 2
b −a 2
) 2 a + b
2
a+b a+b
If ( a + b ) ( −a + b ) = b2 − a 2 < 0 ⇔ b < a ⇒ = −
−a + b −a + b
2
b − a = − b2 − a 2
2 2
a+b
t+
2 dt 2 1 −a + b
⇒I=
( −a + b ) ∫ 2
= .
( a − b) a+b
.ln
a+b
a+b 2 t−
2
t −
−a + b −a + b −a + b
x a+b
tg +
dx 1 −a + b 2 −a + b
⇒I=∫ = .ln
a cos x + b ( a − b ) a+b x a+b
tg −
2 −a + b
π
n π
π
dx 2 if b > a
* lim ∑ =∫ = b −a
a cos x + b
2
n →+∞ i =1 n a cos i.π + b 0 if b < a
0
n
17
π
dx
* I=∫ if b > a
a cos x + b
0
π π
dx 2 x −a + b
⇒I=∫ = arctg tg .
a cos x + b
0 ( 2
b −a 2
) 2 a + b 0
2 2 π π
= . ( arctan ( +∞ ) − arctan 0 ) = . =
( b2 − a 2 ) ( )
b2 − a 2
2 b2 − a 2
π
dx
if b > a ⇒ I = ∫
a cos x + b
0
π
x a+b
tan +
1 −a + b 2 −a + b π
= . ln = 0 tan = +∞
( a − b) a+b x a+b 2
tan −
2 −a + b
0
1 π i.π
Dat f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ [ 0, π] , ∆x = , x i =
a cos x i + b n n
n n π
π dx
⇒ lim In = lim ∑ = lim ∑ f ( x i ) .∆x = ∫
n →+∞ n →+∞ i =1 i.π n →+∞ i =0 a cos x + b
n a cos + b 0
n
π
2 if b > a
= b −a 2
0 if b < a
π
cos x.dx −a.π
*∫ = with sign ( a + b ) = sign ( −a + b )
2 3
0 ( a cos x + b )
( b2 − a 2 2 )
18
π
dx
* I( a) = ∫ if b > a
a cos x + b
0
π π
dx 2 x −a + b
⇒I=∫ = arctg tg .
a cos x + b
0 ( 2
b −a 2
) 2 a + b 0
2 2 π π
= . ( arctan ( +∞ ) − arctan 0 ) = . =
( b2 − a 2 ) ( b2 − a 2) 2 b2 − a 2
'
π ( −1) ( a cos x + b ) ' '
π −1
π
( −1) cos x.dx π
⇒ I ( a ) = ∫ ( a cos x + b ) .dx = ∫
' a .dx = ∫ =
2 2
a 0 (
0 a cos x + b ) 0 ( a cos x + b )
2
b −a
2
a
( )
1 '
π. − b2 − a 2 π
a.π cos x.dx −a.π
=
2 a
= ⇒∫ =
3 3 2 3
0 ( a cos x + b )
( 2
b −a 2 2
) ( 2
b −a 2 2
) ( 2
b −a 2 2
)
with b > a
π
( cos x ) n .dx
*∫ =0 with b < a
n +1
0 ( a cos x + b )
π
x a+b
π tan +
dx 1 −a + b 2 −a + b =0
if b < a ⇒ I ( a ) = ∫ = . ln
a cos x + b ( a − b ) a+b x a+b
0 tan −
2 −a + b 0
'
π π dx π
( −1) cos x.dx
tan = +∞ ⇒ I ( a ) = ∫
' =∫ = 0,
+ 2
a 0(
2 0 a cos x b a cos x + b )
π π
( n) ( −1) n ( cos x ) n .dx ( cos x ) n .dx
⇒ I ( a ) =∫ =0⇒ ∫ =0
n +1 n +1
0 ( a cos x + b ) 0 ( a cos x + b )
19
2 x a b2
.arctg tg + with b2 − a 2 > 0
b2 − a 2 2 b b 2 − a 2
dx
* I=∫ = x a a 2 − b2
a sin x + b tan + +
1 2 b b2 with b2 − a 2 < 0
.ln
a 2 − b2 x a a 2 − b2
tan + −
2 b b2
dx x 2t 2dt
* I=∫ dat t = tg ⇒ sin x = , x = 2arctgt ⇒ dx =
a sin x + b 2 1 + t2 1 + t2
2dt
⇒I=∫ 1 + t2 =∫
2dt 2
= ∫
dt 2
= ∫
dt
(
2at + b 1 + t 2) bt 2 + 2at + b b t 2 + 2at + 1 b
b
a
2
a
t + +1−
2
2 b b
1+ t
2 dt
= ∫ If b2 − a 2 > 0
2
b a b2 − a 2
t + +
b b2
t+a
2 b2 b2
2 1 b a
⇒I= . .arctg = b. 2 .arctg t +
b b2 − a 2 2 b b2 − a 2
b2 − a 2 b − a
b2 b2
b 2
dx 2 x a
⇒I=∫ = .arctg tg +
a sin x + b 2
b −a 2 2 b b 2 − a 2
2 dt
If b2 − a 2 < 0 ⇒ a 2 − b 2 > 0 ⇒ I = ∫
b 2
a a 2 − b2
2
t + −
b
b2
a a 2 − b2 x a a 2 − b2
t+ + tan + +
2 1 b 2 1 2 b 2
= . .ln b = .ln b
b 2
a −b 2
a 2
a −b 2 2
a −b 2
x a a 2 − b2
2 t+ − tan + −
2 2
b b b 2 b b2
20
n 2π
* lim
n →+∞
∑ − n.π + 2i.π
=0
i =1 n. a sin
+ b
n
+π
dx 1 2π
* I= ∫ =0 ( sin x là hàm le ) , dat f ( xi ) = , x i ∈ [ −π, π] , ∆x = ,
a sin x + b a sin xi + b n
−π
2i.π −n.π + 2i.π n 2π
x i = −π + = , ⇒ lim I = lim ∑
n n n →+∞ n →+∞ i =1 −n.π + 2i.π
n. a sin + b
n
n +π
dx
= lim
n →+∞
∑ f ( xi ) .∆x = ∫ a sin x + b
=0
i =1 −π
dx x 2dt
* I=∫ Put t = tan ⇒ x = 2 arctan t, dx = ,
sin x 2 2
1+ t
−1
x x sin ( x/2 ) 1 2 tan ( x/2 ) 2t
sin x = 2sin .cos = 2 . = =
2 2 cos ( x/2 ) cos 2 ( x/2 ) tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 1 + t 2
x
cos x = 2 cos 2 − 1 = 2 −
1
.
1
=
−1
=
(
2 − tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 1 − t 2 )
2 2 2
cos ( x/2 ) cos ( x/2 ) tan ( x/2 ) + 1
2
1 + t2
dx 2dt 2t dt x
⇒I = ∫ =∫ ÷ = ∫ = ln t = ln tan + C
sin x 1 + t2 1 + t2 t 2
4t.dt 4t A B
=∫ , Put = +
( t 2 + 1) ( at 2 + 2t + a ) ( t 2 + 1) ( at 2 + 2t + a ) t 2 + 1 at 2 + 2t + a
⇒ A ( at 2 + 2t + a ) + B ( 1 + t 2 ) = 4t ⇒ ( a.A + B ) .t 2 = 0, 2A.t = 4t, a.A + B = 0
⇒ A = 2, a.A + B = 2a + B = 0 ⇒ B = −2a
4t.dt 2dt dt dt
⇒I=∫ =∫ − 2a ∫ = 2.arctan t − 2∫
( )(
t 2 + 1 at 2 + 2t + a t2 + 1) at 2 + 2t + a 2t
t2 + + 1
a
21
sin x.dx a tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1
* I=∫
sin x + a
=x−
2
.arctan
2
( where a > 1)
a −1 a −1
dt dt dt
I1 = −2 ∫ = −2 ∫ = −2 ∫
2t 2 2
a2 − 1
t2 + + 1 1
t + + 1 −
1 t.a + 1
+
a
a a2 a a2
2 a2 − 1 1 a
If a > 1 or a < −1 ⇒ a − 1 > 0 ⇒ = M2 ⇒=
a2 M a2 − 1
dt 1 t.a + 1
⇒ I1 = −2 ∫ = − .arctan
2 M a.M
t.a + 1 2
+M
a
a t.a + 1 a a t.a + 1
=− .arctan . =− .arctan
2 a 2 2 2
a −1 a −1 a −1 a −1
1 dt a t.a + 1
2 ∫ t 2 + 2t + 1
⇒ I = 2.arctan t − = 2.arctan t − .arctan
2 2
a −1 a −1
a
x a tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1
= 2.arctan tan − .arctan
2 2 2
a −1 a −1
sin x.dx a tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1
⇒I=∫
sin x + a
=x−
2
.arctan
2
( where a > 1)
a −1 a −1
π
sin x.dx a tan ( π/2 ) .a + 1 tan 0.a + 1
⇒J=∫ =π− . arctan − arctan
sin x + a
a − 1
2 2 2
0 a −1 a −1
πa tan 0.a + 1
=π− . − arctan
a − 1
2
a −1 2 2
ln tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 + 1 − a
2
sin x.dx a
* I=∫ =x−
( where − 1 < a < 1)
sin x + a 1 − a2 tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 − 1 − a
2
22
dt dt dt
I1 = −2 ∫ = −2 ∫ = −2 ∫
2t 2 2
a2 − 1
t2 + + 1 1 1 t.a + 1
a t + +1− 2 + 2
a a a a
2 a2 − 1 2 1 − a2
If a < 1 ⇒ a − 1 < 0 ⇒ = −M ⇒ M =
a2 a
dt 1 t.a + 1 t.a + 1
⇒ I1 = −2 ∫ =− . ln − M − ln + M
2 M a a
t.a + 1 2
−M
a
a
= . ln t.a + 1 + 1 − a 2 .a −1 − ln t.a + 1 − 1 − a 2 .a −1
1 − a2
2
a ln t.a + 1 + 1 − a , dx 1 dx dx
=
∫ x2 − a2 = ∫
2a x − a
−∫
x+a
1 − a 2 t.a + 1 − 1 − a 2
dt a t.a + 1 + 1 − a 2
⇒ I = 2.arctan t − 2 ∫ = 2.arctan t − ln
2 2t 2
1 − a t.a + 1 − 1 − a 2
t + +1
a
2
x a tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 + 1 − a
= 2.arctan tan − ln
2 2
1 − a tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 − 1 − a 2
ln tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 + 1 − a
2
sin x.dx a
⇒I=∫ =x−
( where − 1 < a < 1)
sin x + a 1 − a2 tan ( x/2 ) .a + 1 − 1 − a
2
π
sin x.dx
* I=∫
n
=0 ( where a < 1)
0 ( sin x + a )
23
π
sin x.dx a
⇒J=∫ =π− ( ln1 − ln1) = π ( where a < 1)
sin x + a 1− a 2
0
π π
sin x.dx 2 sin x.dx
⇒ J ( a ) = ( −1) ∫
'
= 0, J ( a ) = ( −1) .2 ∫
''
=0
2 3
0 ( sin x + a ) 0 ( sin x + a )
π π
J ( a )
( n −1)
= ( −1)
n −1
. ( n − 1) ! ∫
sin x.dx sin x.dx
n
=0⇒ ∫
n
=0 ( where a < 1)
0 ( sin x + a ) 0 ( sin x + a )
2 −2 '
x x x
= 2. cos . cos .
2 2 2
−1
tan ( x / 2 ) .a 2 + 2 tan ( x / 2 ) .a + 1 + a 2 − 1 '
a a x
− . . tan
2 2
2
a −1 a −1
a2 −1
−1
x
2 −2 '
2 2 x x x
= 1 − a . a tan + 1 + 2a.tan . cos .
2 2 2 2
−1
2 2
2 a + 2a.sin ( x / 2 ) .cos ( x / 2 ) x
=1− a . . cos
cos ( x / 2 )
2 2
−1 a a + sin x − a sin x
= 1 − a 2 . a 2 + a.sin x =1− = =
( a + sin x ) ( a + sin x ) a + sin x
24
dx dx dx d ( xπ/2
+ ) = ln tgπ/2 +π/4
22 / I = ∫ =∫ =∫ =∫ ( ) +C
cos x ( −x
sinπ/2 ) ( π − (x −
sinπ/2 )) sin x( +π/2 )
cos x = 2 cos 2x
−1 = 2 −
1
.
1
−1
=
(
2 − tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 ) = 1 − t2
2 cos2 ( x/2 ) cos2 ( x/2 ) tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 1 + t2
⇒I = ∫
cos x.dx
=∫
2dt 1 − t 2 1 − t 2
.
. + a
−1
=∫
( .
)
2 1 − t 2 dt 1 − t 2 + a.t 2 + a −1
t 2 + 1 t 2 + 1 t 2 + 1
(
)
cos x + a 2 2
2
t +1 t + 1
=∫
(
2 1 − t 2 dt ) =∫
2dt
−∫
2t 2 .dt
,
( t + 1) ( t
2 2
( a − 1) + a + 1) ( t + 1) ( t
2 2
( a − 1) + a + 1) ( t + 1) ( t
2 2
( a − 1) + a + 1)
2 A.t + B C.t + D
Put = +
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a − 1) t2 + 1 t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1
⇒ ( A.t + B) ( t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) + ( C.t + D ) ( t 2 + 1) = 2
⇒ I1 = ∫
2.dt
=∫
dt
+∫
( 1 − a ) .dt = arctan t − dt
∫ 2 a +1
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) t2 + 1 t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1 t +
a −1
25
2
a +1 a +1 a +1 2
If > 0 ⇔ a > 1 or a < −1 ⇒ = =M
a −1 a −1 a −1
dt 1 t
⇒ I1 = arctan t − ∫ = arctan t − .arctan
t2 + M2 M M
−2t 2 A.t + B C.t + D
Put = +
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) t2 + 1 t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1
( ) (
⇒ ( A.t + B) t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1 + ( C.t + D ) t 2 + 1 = −2t 2 )
⇒ t 3 ( a.A − A + C ) = 0, t ( a.A + A + C ) = 0, t 2 ( a.B − B + D ) = −2t 2 , a.B + B + D = 0
⇒ A = C = 0, a.B − B + D = −2, a.B + B + D = 0 ⇒ B = 1, a + 1 + D = 0 ⇒ D = − ( a + 1)
⇒ I2 = ∫
−2t 2 .dt
=∫
dt
−∫
( a + 1) dt
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) ( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1)
( a + 1) 2 a + 1 −1
( a − 1) ∫
= arctan t − t + .dt,
a −1
2
a +1 a +1 a +1 2
If > 0 ⇔ a < −1 or a > 1 ⇒ = =M
a −1 a −1 a −1
( a + 1) dt ( a + 1) .arctan t
⇒ I 2 = arctan t − ∫
( a − 1) t 2 + M 2
= arctan t −
M ( a − 1)
M
⇒ I = I1 + I 2 = 2 arctan t −
( a + 1) .arctan t − 1 .arctan t
M ( a − 1) M M M
t ( a + 1) 1 2a t
= 2arctan t − arctan + = 2arctan t − .arctan
M M ( a − 1) M M ( a − 1) M
x 2a tan ( x/2 ) a +1
= 2arctan tan − .arctan where M =
2 M ( a − 1) M a −1
2a a − 1 tan ( x/2 ) a − 1
=x− .arctan
a + 1 ( a − 1) a + 1
cos x.dx 2a tan ( x/2 ) a − 1
⇒I=∫ =x− .arctan where a < −1 or a > 1
cos x + a 2 a + 1
a −1
26
π
cos x.dx π 2a π π a.π
* ∫ cos x + a 2
= − . = −
0 a2 − 1 2 2 a2 − 1
I1 = ∫
2.dt
=∫
dt
+∫
( 1 − a ) .dt = arctan t − dt
∫
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) t2 + 1 t 2 ( a − 1) + a + 1 t2 +
a +1
a −1
2
a +1 a +1 2a +1
If < 0 ⇔ −1 < a < 1 ⇒ = − = − M
a −1 a −1 a −1
dt 1 t−M
⇒ I1 = arctan t − ∫ = arctan t − .log
t2 − M2 2M t+M
dt 1 dt dt
∫ t 2 − M 2 2M ∫ t − M ∫ t + M
= −
I2 = ∫
−2t 2 .dt
=∫
dt
−∫
( a + 1) dt
( t2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1) ( t 2 + 1) ( t2 ( a − 1) + a + 1)
( a + 1) 2 a + 1 −1 ( a + 1) t 2 − M 2 −1 .dt
= arctan t −
( a − 1) ∫
t +
a −1
.dt = arctan t −
( a − 1) ∫ ( )
= arctan t −
( a + 1) .log t − M
2M ( a − 1) t+M
⇒ I = I1 + I 2 = 2 arctan t −
( a + 1) .log t − M − 1 .log t − M
2M ( a − 1) t + M 2M t+M
x tan ( x/2 ) − M ( a + 1) 1
= 2arctan tan − log +
2 tan ( x/2 ) + M 2M ( a − 1) 2M
a tan ( x/2 ) − M a +1 a +1
=x− .log , where M = = , −1 < a < 1
M ( a − 1) tan ( x/2 ) + M a −1 1− a
27
a 1− a tan ( x/2 ) − M a 1− a tan ( x/2 ) − M
=x− .log =x+ .log
a + 1 ( a − 1) tan ( x/2 ) + M a +1 1− a tan ( x/2 ) + M
a tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a − a + 1
=x+ .log
1 − a2 tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a + a + 1
π
cos x.dx
* ∫ n
= 0 where − 1 < a < 1
0 ( cos x + a )
Code Matlab:
a = input('nhap vao can duoi a: '); b = input('nhap vao can tren b: ');
x = a:10^(-3):b; y = cos(x).*(cos(x) + 1/2).^(-5); y1 = 0; y2 = 0;
for i = 2 : 2 : length(x) - 2
y1 = y1+y(i);
end
for j = 3 : 2 : length(x) - 1
y2 = y2+y(j);
end
I = (b - a)/(3*length(x))*(4*y1 + 2*y2 + y(1) + y(length(x)))
28
a
dx
I=∫ , Put x = a.sin t ⇒ dx = a.cos t.dt,
2 2
0 a −x +b
( )
a 2 − x 2 = a 2 1 − sin 2 t = ( a.cos t )
2
π /2 π /2
π a.cos t.dt cos t.dt
x = 0 ⇒ t = 0, x = a ⇒ sin t = 1 ⇒ t = ⇒ I =
2 ∫ a.cos t + b
= ∫ cos t + b/a
,
0 0
cos x.dx a tan ( x/2 ) 1 − a − a + 1
I=∫ =x+ .log where − 1 < a < 1
cos x + a 1− a 2 tan ( )
x/2 1 − a + a + 1
5
dx π 3 2− 8 π 3 2− 8
I=∫ = + .log = + .log
2 2 2 2
5 −3 2 2+ 8 2 4 2+ 8
0 5 − x + 3
a = input('nhap vao can duoi a: '); b = input('nhap vao can tren b: ');
x = a - 10^(-3) : 10^(-3) : b - 10^(-3); y = cos(x).*(cos(x) + 3/5).^(-1); y1 = 0; y2 = 0;
for i = 2 : 2 : length(x) - 2 y1 = y1+y(i); end
for j = 3 : 2 : length(x) - 1 y2 = y2+y(j); end
29
I = (b - a)/(3*length(x))*(4*y1 + 2*y2 + y(1) + y(length(x)))
dx x 2dt
*/ I = ∫ Put t = tan ⇒ x = 2arctan t, dx = ,
( sin x.cos x ) 1/3 2 1+ t 2
sin x =
2t
, cos x =
1 − t2
⇒ sin x.cos x =
(
2 t − t3 )
1 + t2 1 + t2
( )
2
1 + t2
1/3
⇒I=∫
2dt 1 + t
2 2
( )
=∫
2dt (1+ t ) = 2 2/3
22/3.dt
.
2 . ∫
1 + t 2 t − t 3
( )
1 + t2 2 .( t − t )
1/3 3 1/3
( ) ( )
1 + t 2 1/3
. t − t 3 1/3
22/3.dt
=∫
( )
1/3
t − t5
Nếu R(– sinx, cosx) = – R(sinx, cosx). Khi ấy đặt t = cosx (hàm lẻ theo sinx, chẵn theo cosx)
Nếu R(sinx, – cosx) = – R(sinx, cosx). Khi ấy đặt t = sinx (hàm lẻ theo cosx, chẵn theo sinx)
Nếu R(– sinx, – cosx) = R(sinx, cosx). Khi ấy đặt t = tanx (hàm chẵn theo sinx và cosx)
(
VD2 : Tính I = ∫ sin 2 x.cos3 x + cos x dx )
Hàm duoi dau tich phan le theo cos x nên ta dat t = sin x ⇒ dt = cos x.dx
( )
⇒ I = ∫ sin 2 x.cos 2 x + 1 cos x.dx = ∫ t 2 1 − t 2 + 1 dt ( ( ) )
t3 t5 sin 3 x sin 5 x
= − +t= − + sin x + C
3 5 3 5
dx
* I=∫
sin 2 x + sin 2x − cos 2 x
dx
VD3 : Tính I = ∫
sin 2 x + sin 2x − cos 2 x
2 2
sin 2 x + sin 2x − cos 2 x = ( − sin x ) + 2 ( − sin x ) ( − cos x ) − ( − cos x )
Hàm duoi dau tich phan chan theo sin x và cos x nen ta dat t = tgx
tgx t 1 dt
⇒ sin x = = , cos x = , x = arctgt, dx = ,
2
2
1 + tg x 1+ t 2
1+ t 2 1 + t
30
2t
sin 2x = 2sin x.cos x =
1 + t2
dt t 2 + 2t − 1 dt d ( t + 1)
⇒I=∫ ÷ =∫ =∫
1 + t 2 1 + t 2 t 2 + 2t − 1 ( t + 1) 2 − 2
1 t +1− 2 1 tgx + 1 − 2 dx 1 x−a
=
2 2
ln
t +1+ 2
=
2 2
ln
tgx + 1 + 2
∫ x2 − a2 = ln
2a x + a
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