Chương 5c: Kĩ thuật liên kết tích phân

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6/ Tích phân hàm mũ: .............................................................................................................2

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7/ Kĩ thuật liên kết tích phân: .......................................................................................................8
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* Help me to check the solution ?..........................................................................................34
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8/ Tích phân hàm trị tuyệt đối: ...................................................................................................36
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6/ Tích phân hàm mũ:

dx x 2
1/ I = ∫ = − ln 1 + 1 + b.eax
eax + b b a b
ax
ax ax −
− ' − 2
dx 2  ax  2 a.e .dx a.t.dx
1 / Tính : I = ∫ dat e = t ⇒ dt =  −  e .dx = − =−
eax + b  2  2 2
ax
2dt 2 dt dt
⇒ dx = − ,e = t −1, eax = t −2 ⇒ I = −2∫ = −2 ∫
a.t a.t t −2 + b a 1 + b.t 2
2 dt 2 1
=− ∫ =− ln t + t 2 +
a b 1 a b b
t2 +
b

2
 ax  ax 
−
2  2 1 
e e + e−ax + 
ax b
− 
2 2 1 2  
I=− ln e + e−ax + =− ln
a b b a b ax
2
e

2 1 + 1 + b.eax
=− ln
a b ax
2
e

 ax 
dx 2  ax 2 
I=∫ =−  ln 1 + 1 + b.e − ln e 
eax + b a b 
 
2 ( −ax ) 2 x 2
=− . − ln 1 + 1 + b.eax = − ln 1 + 1 + b.eax
a b 2 a b b a b

3
 1
−
n  a.i  2
b 2 b 1+ 1+ b
 e + b =
* lim
n →+∞ i =0 
n
∑
 b
+
a.b
ln
  1 + 1 + b.ea
1 1
 x
dx 2 
⇒ I1 = ∫ = − ln 1 + 1 + b.eax 
0 e +b  0
ax b a b
b 2 b 2 b
= − ln 1 + 1 + b.ea + ln 1 + 1 + b
b a.b a.b
b 2 b 1+ 1+ b 1 1 i
= + ln , Dat f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ [ 0, 1] , ∆x = , x i =
b a.b 1 + 1 + b.ea eaxi + b n n
1
−
n  a.i  2 n 1 n
 
⇒ lim In = lim
n →+∞ n →+∞ i =0 
e +b
n

= lim ∑
n →+∞ i =0
∑ a.i
= lim ∑ f ( xi ) .∆x
n →+∞ i =0
 
en +b
1
dx b 2 b 1+ 1+ b
=∫ = + ln
eax + b b a.b 1 + 1 + b.ea
0

( )
2 2
2/ I = ∫ 2x 2 + x + 1 .e x + x +1.dx = x.e x + x +1

( )
2 2 2
2 / I = ∫ 2x 2 + x + 1 .e x + x +1.dx = ∫ x ( 2x + 1) .e x + x +1.dx + ∫ e x + x +1.dx

 2  2
= ∫ x.d  e x + x +1  + ∫ e x + x +1.dx ∫ u.dv = uv − ∫ v.du
 
  x 2 + x +1 
( ) 
' x 2 + x +1 x 2 + x +1
 vi d  e  = x 2
+ x + 1 e .dx = ( 2x + 1) e .dx 
   
2 2 2 2
I = x.e x + x +1 − ∫ e x + x +1.dx + ∫ e x + x +1.dx = x.e x + x +1
1 1
( ) x 2 + x +1  
2
⇒ I = ∫ 2x + x + 1 .e 2
.dx =  x.e x + x +1  = e3
0  0

4
     i 2 i
1 n  i 
2   + +1
 
i
* lim ∑  2   +   + 1 .e n   n  = e3
n →+∞ n i =0   n   n  


( )
2 1 i
Dat f ( x i ) = 2x i 2 + x i + 1 .e xi + xi +1 , x i ∈ [ 0, 1] , ∆x = , x i =
n n
    i 2 i
1 n  i 
2   + +1
 
i
⇒ lim In = lim
n →+∞
∑  2   +   + 1 .e n   n 
n →+∞ n i =0   n   n  

1
f ( x i ) .∆x = ∫ ( 2x 2 + x + 1) .e x
n 2 + x +1
= lim
n →+∞
∑ .dx = e3
i =0 0

 x 
3 / I = ∫  2 cos 2 + cos x  .esin x .dx = ( 1 + x ) .esin x
 2 
 x 
3 / I = ∫  2 cos 2 + cos x  .esin x .dx = ∫ ( 1 + x ) cos x + 1 .esin x .dx
 2 
 2x x 
 Vi cos x = 2 cos − 1 ⇒ 2 cos 2 = cos x + 1
 2 2 

( )
I = ∫ ( 1 + x ) cos x.esin x .dx + ∫ esin x .dx = ∫ ( 1 + x ) .d esin x + ∫ esin x .dx

( Because d ( e ) = ( sin x ) .e
sin x ' sin x
.dx )
I = ( 1 + x ) .esin x − ∫ esin x .dx + ∫ esin x .dx = ( 1 + x ) .esin x

5
 e2x .dx
* I=∫ = e x − ln e x + 1 + C
x
e +1
e2x .dx
* I=∫ dat e x = t ⇒ dt = e x .dx
x
e +1
e x .e x .dx t.dt ( t + 1) − 1 d ( t + 1)
I=∫ =∫ =∫ dt = ∫ dt − ∫
ex + 1 t +1 t +1 t +1
= t − ln t + 1 = e x − ln e x + 1 + C

I=∫
e3x .dx
=∫
t 2 .dt
=∫
t2 − 1 + 1 (
dt = ∫
)
( t − 1) ( t + 1) dt d ( t + 1)
+∫
ex + 1 t +1 t +1 t +1 t +1

( e x − 1)
2
2
( t − 1)
= + ln t + 1 = + ln e x + 1 + C
2 2

I=∫
e4x .dx
=∫
t 3 .dt
=∫
t3 + 1 − 1 (
dt = ∫
) −∫
(
( t + 1) t 2 − t + 1 dt d ( t + 1) )
x
e +1 t + 1 t + 1 t + 1 t +1
t3 t 2
= − + t − ln t + 1
3 2

* I=∫
x
e +e
dx
−x ( )
= arctan e x + C

e x .dx ( ) = arctan ex + C
d ex
* I=∫
dx
e x + e− x
=∫
e2x + 1
=∫
e2x + 1
( )
1 d( e )
x
dx 1 e x dx 1 a  a 1  a
I=∫ .arctan  e x . .arctan  e x . 
a ∫ e2x + b a∫
= = = =
a.e x + b.e− x e2x +
b a b  b ab  b
a a

6
 2 3x

3x x
2
−2x 2 
* I = ∫ x e dx = e  + + +C
 3 9 27 

* I = ∫ x 2 e3x dx dat I = ∫ x 2 e3x dx = e3x ax 2 + bx + c + C ( )
( ) ( )
'
⇒ x 2 e3x = e3x ax 2 + bx + c  + C' = 3e3x ax 2 + bx + c + e3x ( 2ax + b )
 

(
= e3x 3ax 2 + ( 3b + 2a ) x + ( b + 3c ) ) can bang he so ca 2 ve, ta dc :
1 2 2
3a = 1 ⇒ a = , 3b + 2a = 0 ⇒ b = − , b + 3c = 0 ⇒ c =
3 9 27
2 3x
 2 −2x 2 
3x x
⇒ I = ∫ x e dx = e  + + +C
 3 9 27 


n
 n −1 n! i 
* In = ∫ x n .e x .dx = ∑ ex  ( −1) .
i!
.x 

i =0
*/ I = ∫ x n .e x , Put u = x n ⇒ du = n.x n −1.dx, dv = e x .dx ⇒ v = ∫ e x .dx = e x

⇒ I = x n .e x − n ∫ x n −1.e x .dx = x n .e x − n.In −1

I0 = ∫ e x .dx = e x , I1 = ∫ x.e x .dx = x.e x − I0 = x.e x − e x

2
I2 = ∫ x 2 .e x .dx = x 2 .e x + ( −1) 2!.I1 = x 2 .e x + ( −1) .2!.x.e x + ( −1) .2!.e x

(
= e x x 2 + ( −1) .2!.x + ( −1) .2!
2
)
3! 2 x 2 3
I3 = ∫ x 3 .e x .dx = x 3 .e x + ( −1) .3.I 2 = x 3.e x + ( −1) . .x .e + ( −1) .3!.x.e x + ( −1) .3!.e x
2!

I4 = ∫ x 4 .e x .dx = x 4 .e x + ( −1) .I3

4! 3 x 2 4! 3 4
= x 4 .e x + ( −1) . .x .e + ( −1) . .x 2 .e x + ( −1) .4!.x.e x + ( −1) .4!.x.e x
3! 2!
n
 n −1 n! i 
n x
⇒ In = ∫ x .e .dx = ∑ e x  ( −1) .
i!
.x 

i =0
1 n
 n −1 n!  n
⇒ ∫ ∫ x .e .dx = ∑ e  ( −1)
n x
.  + ( −1) .n!( e − 1)
0 i =1  i! 

7
7/ Kĩ thuật liên kết tích phân:
b
Đổi biến số: I = ∫ f ( x ) .dx dat t = a + b − x ⇒ x = a + b − t ⇒ dx = −dt
a

b
I = ∫ f ( x ) .dx dat t = a + b − x ⇒ x = a + b − t ⇒ dx = −dt
a
a b b
x = a ⇒ t = b, x = b ⇒ t = a ⇒ I = − ∫ f ( t ) .dt = ∫ f ( t ) .dt = ∫ f ( x ) .dx
b a a

π /4
ln 2.π
* I= ∫ ln ( 1 + tan x ) .dx =
8
0
π /4
π π π
* I= ∫ ln ( 1 + tan x ) .dx dat t = − x ⇒ dx = −dt, x = 0 ⇒ t = , x = ⇒ t = 0
4 4 4
0
0 π /4 π /4
  π   1 − tan t   2 
⇒ I = − ∫ ln 1 + tan  − t   .dt = ∫ ln 1 +  .dt = ∫ ln   .dt
  4   1 + tan t   1 + tan t 
π /4 0 0
π /4 π /4
π ln 2.π
= ∫ ln 2.dt − ∫ ln ( 1 + tan t ) .dt ⇒ I = ln 2. − I ⇒ I =
4 8
0 0

π /2 π /2
( cos ax ) n .dx ( sin ax ) n .dx π
* I= ∫ n n
= ∫ n n
=
0 ( cos ax ) + ( sin ax ) 0 ( cos ax ) + ( sin ax )
4
π /2
( cos ax ) n .dx a.π
* I= ∫ n n
dat at = − ax ⇒ dt = −dx,
0 ( cos ax ) + ( sin ax )
2
π π
when x → 0 ⇒ t → , when x → ⇒ t → 0
2 2
 aπ 
cos n  − at  .dt π /2
0
 2  ( sin at ) n .dt
⇒I=− ∫ = ∫
π  π  n n
n n
π /2 cos  − at  + sin  − at  0 ( cos at ) + ( sin at )
2  2 
π /2
( sin ax ) n .dx
= ∫ n n
0 ( cos ax ) + ( sin ax )

8
(Because the integral dont depend on variables).

( )
π π
n n
2 ( cos ax ) + ( sin ax ) .dx 2 π π
⇒ 2I = ∫ = ∫ dx = ⇒I=
0 ( cos ax ) n + ( sin ax ) n 0
2 4

π /2
* I= ∫ ( cosn x − sin n x ) dx = 0
0
π /2 π/2 π /2
* I= ∫ ( cos n n
)
x − sin x dx = ∫
n
cos x.dx − ∫ sin n x.dx = J − K
0 0 0
 π
π /2  x = 0 ⇒ t =
π 2
J= ∫ cos n x.dx dat t = − x ⇒ dt = −dx 
0
2 x = π ⇒ t = 0
 2
0 π /2 π /2
 nπ
⇒ J = ∫ cos  − t  . ( −dt ) = ∫ sin n t.dt = ∫ sin n x.dx = K
π /2 2  0 0
π /2
⇒I= ∫ ( cosn x − sin n x ) dx = J − K = 0
0

π /4
sin 4 x + cos 4 x 3π
* I= ∫ 3x + 1
.dx =
16
−π /4
π /4 0 π /4
sin 4 x + cos 4 x sin 4 x + cos 4 x sin 4 x + cos4 x
* I= ∫ x
3 +1
dx = ∫ x
3 +1
dx + ∫ x
3 +1
dx.
−π /4 −π /4 0
0 π π
sin 4 x + cos 4 x x=− ⇒t=
Xét J = ∫ x
3 +1
dx. dat x = − t ⇒ dx = −dt 4 4
−π /4 x =0⇒ t =0
0 4
sin t + cos t 4
( −dt ) = ∫
(
π /4 3t sin 4 t + cos 4 t ) dt = π/4 3x ( sin 4 x + cos4 x ) dx
J= ∫ 3− t + 1 3t + 1
∫ 3x + 1
π /4 0 0

9
 (
π /4 3x sin 4 x + cos 4 x ) dx + π/4 sin 4 x + cos4 x dx = π/4 ( 3x + 1) ( sin 4 x + cos4 x ) dx
Vay I = ∫ 3x + 1
∫ 3x + 1
∫ 3x + 1
0 0 0
π /4 π /4
= ∫ ( sin 4 4
x + cos x dx = ) ∫ ( 1 − 2s in 2 xcos2 x )dx
0 0
π /4 π /4
 1 2   1  1 − cos 4x  
= ∫ 1 − s in 2x dx = ∫ 1 − 2   dx
0    
2  2
0
π
π /4
3 1  3 1 4 3π
= ∫  +
4 4
cos 4x 

dx =  4 x +
16
sin 4x  ⇒ I =
16
0 0

π
2 sin xdx 1
* I= ∫ 3
=
0 ( sin x + cos x )
2
π  π
2  x = 0 ⇒ u =
4sin x.dx π π 2
* I= ∫ Dat u = − x ⇔ x = − u ⇒ −du = dx Khi 
x = π ⇒ u = 0
3
0 ( sin x + cos x )
2 2
 2
π  π π
0 4sin  − u  ( −du ) 2 2
2  4cos u.du 4cos xdx
Ta có: I = ∫ 3
= ∫ 3
⇔I= ∫ 3
π  π  π  0 [ sin u + cos u ] 0 ( sin x + cos x )
2 sin  2 − u  + cos  2 − u  
    
π π π π
2 4cos x.dx 2 4sin x.dx 2 4dx 2 dx
⇒ 2.I = ∫ 3
+ ∫ 3
= ∫ 2
= 2∫
 π
0 ( sin x + cos x ) 0 ( sin x + cos x ) 0 ( sin x + cos x ) 0 sin 2  x + 
 4

π π
π
2 4sin x.dx   π  2 2 sin x.dx 1
⇔ ∫ = − cot  x +   = − ( −1 − 1) = 2, ⇒ ∫ =
3 3
0 ( sin x + cos x )  0 ( sin x + cos x )
 4  2
0
 π π π π π π π 
  π π  cos  2 + 4  cos .cos − sin .sin − sin 
 cot  +  =  = 2 4 2 4 = 4 = −1
  2 4  sin  π + π  sin π .cos π + sin π .cos π cos π 
   2 4 4 2 4 
 2 4 
10
 π
2 a + sin x
* I = ∫ ln dx = 0
a + co s x
0
π  π
2  x = 0 ⇒ u =
a + sin x π 2
* I = ∫ ln dx dat u = − x ⇒ du = −dx Khi 
0
a + cos x 2 x = π ⇒ u = 0
 2
π  π π
0 a + sin  − u  2 a + cos u 2 a + cos x
Ta có: I = − ∫ ln  2  du = ∫ ln du = ∫ ln dx
 π
π a + co s  − u   a + sin u a + sin x
0 0
2  2 

π π
2 a + cos x 2 a + sin x
⇒ 2I = ∫ ln dx + ∫ ln dx
a + sin x a + co s x
0 0
π π
2 2
= ∫ ln ( a + cos x ) − ln ( a + sin x )  dx + ∫  ln ( a + sin x ) − ln ( a + cos x )  dx = 0
0 0
π π
2 a + cos x 2
a + sin x
⇔ ∫ ln dx = ∫ ln dx = 0
a + sin x a + co s x
0 0

11
 π
   i.π    2
 n  a + sin    
* lim  n ∏   2n    =1
n →+∞  i =1   i.π   
  a + co s  2n   
     
 a + sin x i   π π i.π
* Dat f ( x i ) = ln   , x i ∈  0,  , ∆x = , xi =
 a + co s x i   2 2n 2n
π π
   i.π    2    i.π    2
 n  a + sin      n  a + sin    
I1 =  n ∏   2n    ⇒ lim ln I = lim ln   2n   

( 1 ) n ∏
  i.π    n →+∞  i =1   i.π  
 i =1  a + co s    
n →+∞
  a + cos    
   2n       2n   
  i.π     i.π  
n  a + sin    n  a + sin   
π  2n   = lim π  2n  
= lim ln ∏ 
n →+∞ 2n i =1 
∑ ln 
 i.π   n →+∞ 2n i =1   i.π  
 a + co s     a + cos  
  2n     2n  

π
n 2
 a + sin x 
= lim
n →+∞
∑ f ( xi ) .∆x = ∫ ln  a + co s x  dx
i =1 0
π
   i.π    2
 n  a + sin    
lim ( ln I1 ) = 0 ⇒ lim I1 = lim  n ∏   2n    = e0 = 1
n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞  i =1   i.π   
  a + cos   
   2n   

x 2a +1.dx
a
* I= ∫ 2b
=0
−a x + m

x 2a +1.dx
a
 x = a ⇒ t = −a
* I= ∫ 2b
+m
dat t = − x ⇒ dt = −dx 
 x = −a ⇒ t = a
−a x
−a
( − t ) 2a +1 .( −dt ) a − t 2a +1.dt b x 2a +1.dx
⇒I=−∫ = ∫ = −∫ = −I ⇒ 2I = 0
2b 2b 2b
a ( −t ) +m −a t + m a x +m
( tích phân xác dinh ko phu thuoc vào bien )
12
 a a
* I= ∫ f ( x ) .dx = 2∫ f ( x ) .dx with f ( x ) là hàm chan : f ( x ) = f ( − x )
−a 0
a a
* I= ∫ f ( x ) .dx = 2∫ f ( x ) .dx with f ( x ) là hàm chan : f ( x ) = f ( − x )
−a 0
0 a 0
I= ∫ f ( x ) .dx + ∫ f ( x ) .dx In ∫ f ( x ) .dx put x = −t ⇒ dx = −dt, x = −a ⇒ t = a
−a 0 −a
0 a a a
⇒ I1 = − ∫ f ( − t ) .dt = ∫ f ( t ) .dt = ∫ f ( x ) .dx ⇒ I = 2 ∫ f ( x ) .dx f ( x ) = f ( −t ) = f ( t )
a 0 0 0

a
* I= ∫ f ( x ) .dx = 0 with f ( x ) là hàm le : f ( x ) = −f ( − x )
−a
a
* I= ∫ f ( x ) .dx with f ( x ) là hàm le : f ( x ) = −f ( − x )
−a
0 a 0
I= ∫ f ( x ) .dx + ∫ f ( x ) .dx trong ∫ f ( x ) .dx dat x = − t
−a 0 −a
⇒ dx = −dt , x = −a ⇒ t = a
0 a a
⇒ I1 = − ∫ f ( − t ) .dt = − ∫ f ( t ) .dt = − ∫ f ( x ) .dx
a 0 0
a a
⇒ I = − ∫ f ( x ) .dx + ∫ f ( x ) .dx = 0 f ( x ) = f ( − t ) = −f ( t )
0 0

13
 π π
2 2
* ∫ f ( sin x ) .dx = ∫ f ( cos x ) .dx
0 0
π π
2 2 π π
* ∫ f ( sin x ) .dx = ∫ f ( cos x ) .dx Cm : Dat t = − x ⇒ x = − t ⇒ dx = −dt
2 2
0 0
π π
when x → 0 ⇒ t → , when x → ⇒ t → 0
2 2
π π π
2 0 2 2
 π 
∫ f ( sin x ) .dx = − ∫ f  sin  2 − t   .dt = ∫ f ( cos t ) .dt = ∫ f ( cos x ) .dx
0 π 0 0
2

b b
* ∫ f ( x ) .dx = ∫ f ( a + b − x ) .dx
a a
b b
* ∫ f ( x ) .dx = ∫ f ( a + b − x ) .dx
a a
Put t = a + b − x ⇒ dt = −dx, when x → a, t → b and when x → b, t → a
b a b b
⇒ ∫ f ( x ) .dx = ∫ f ( t ) . ( −dt ) = ∫ f ( t ) .dt = ∫ f ( a + b − x ) .dx
a b a a

1
x2 + 1 π
*I= ∫ 4 2 x
.dx = −
6. 3
−1 (x + x + 1)(e + 1)
1 2
x +1 ln ( 12 )
*I= ∫ 4 2 x
.dx =
12
−1 (x + x + 1)(e + 1)
Put t = − x ⇒ dt = −dx, when x → 1, t → −1 and when x → −1, t → 1
−1
1
x2 + 1 ( −x ) 2 + 1
I= ∫ (x 4 + x 2 + 1)(ex + 1) .dx ( 1) = ∫ . ( −d ( − x ) )
4 2 −x
−1 1 (( − x ) + ( − x ) + 1)(e + 1)
1
x2 + 1
1 ( x 2 + 1) .ex
= ∫ (x 4 + x 2 + 1)(e− x + 1) .dx = ∫ (x 4 + x 2 + 1)(ex + 1) .dx ( 2 )
−1 −1

14
Add ( 1) and ( 2 ) : 2I = ∫
1
x2 + 1
1
.dx + ∫
( x 2 + 1) .e x
.dx
−1 ( x + x + 1) ( e + 1) −1 ( x + x + 1) ( e + 1)
4 2 −x 4 2 −x

1
= ∫
( x 2 + 1) . ( e x + 1) 1
.dx = ∫
( x 2 + 1)
.dx
−1 ( x + x + 1) ( e + 1) −1 ( x + x + 1)
4 2 −x 4 2

Divide the numerator and denominator by x 2

 1   1   1 
1 1 + 2  1 1 + 2  1 1 + 2 
1
2I = ∫  x  .dx = ∫  x  .dx = ∫  x  .dx
 1  2 2 + 2
−1  x 2 + 1 + −1  1 1


x2  x −  +3 0 x −  +3
 x  x

 1  1 
Let t =  x −  ⇒ dt = 1 + .dx
 x 2
 x 
At x = 0+ , t = −∞ and at x = 1, t = 0
0 0
1 dt  1 x. 3  π
⇒I=
4 ∫ t2 + 3 = 0 =  .arctan
3 
 =−
−∞  3 −∞
6. 3

Numerator: tử số, denominator: mẫu số.

15
  π
   i.π  2 
 cos   
   i.π    2n   π
 n   sin      2  ( sin x ) cos x 
   2n    =
* lim n ∏  ∫ ln   dx = 1
   i.π    sin x 
0  ( cos x )
n →+∞ = sin
 i 1
  i.π    2n    
   cos  2n    
       
 
π π

( )
2  ( sin x ) cos x
 2
* ∫ ln   dx = ∫ ln ( sin x ) cos x  − ln ( cos x ) sin x  .dx = 0
  sin x    
0  ( cos x ) 0
 π
 x = 0 ⇒ u =
π 2
dat u = − x ⇒ du = −dx Khi 
2 x = π ⇒ u = 0
 2
π
 0 cos − u  
π 
2   π  2 
⇒ ∫ ln ( sin x )
cos x 
.dx = − ∫ ln  sin  − u     .du
   2 
0 π  
2  
π π
2 2
= ∫ ln ( cos u )
sin u 
.du = ∫ ln ( cos x )
sin x 
.dx
   
0 0

 ( sin x ) cos xi

Dat f ( x i ) = ln  i  , x i ∈ 0, π  , ∆x = π , x i = i.π
 ( cos x ) sin xi
  2  2n 2n
 i 
 π
   i.π   2 
 cos
   i.π    2n   
 n   sin     
   2n    
lim I = lim n ∏ 
n →+∞ n →+∞  i =1  sin    
 i.π  
   i.π    2n  
   cos  2n    
     
 

16
  π
   i.π  2
 cos  
   i.π    2n  
 n   sin     
 2n  
⇒ lim ( ln I ) = ln  n ∏    
n →+∞    i.π   
 i =1   sin  
 i.π    2n   
   cos  2n    
     
 

   i.π  
cos    cos  
 i.π 
    i.π    2n       i.π    2n  
 n   sin     n   sin    
π     2n     = lim π   2n  
lim ( ln I ) = lim ln ∏ ∑ ln  
n →+∞ n →+∞ 2n  i =1  sin
 i.π    n →+∞ 2n
i =1 sin
 i.π  
   i.π    2n      i.π    2n  
   cos  2n      cos  2n   
           
π
n 2  ( sin x ) cos x 
lim ( ln I ) = lim ∑ f ( x i ) .∆x = ∫ ln   dx = 0
 sin x 
0  ( cos x )
n →+∞ n →+∞ i =1


 π
   i.π  2 
 cos   
   i.π    2n  
 n   sin     
   2n     = e0 = 1
⇒ lim I = lim n ∏ 
n →+∞ n →+∞  i =1  sin    
 i.π  
   i.π    2n  
   cos  2n    
       
 

17
 π
 n a 2
  i.π  
* lim  n ∏  tan     =1
n →+∞  i =0   2n   
 
π π

( )
2  ( sin x ) a  2
* ∫ ln   = ∫ ln ( sin x ) a  − ln ( cos x ) a  dx = 0
 a    
0  ( cos x )  0
 ( sin x ) a 
Dat f ( x i ) = ln  i  , x i ∈ 0, π  , ∆x = π , x i = i.π
 ( cos x ) a   2  2n 2n
 i 
π π
 n a 2  n a 2
  i.π     i.π  
lim I n = lim  n ∏  tan     ⇒ lim ( ln I ) = lim ln  n
n ∏  tan  

n →+∞ n →+∞  i =0   2n    n →+∞ n →+∞  i =0   2n   
   

a
  i.π  
sin  
π n 
n  a
π  i.π    2n  
lim ( ln I n ) = lim ln ∏  tan    = lim ∑ ln 
n →+∞ n →+∞ 2n i =0   2n   n →+∞ 2n i =0   i.π  
 cos  2n  
  
π
n  ( sin x ) a
2 
lim ( ln I n ) = lim ∑ f ( x i ) ∆x = ∫ ln  =0
 a 
0  ( cos x )
n →+∞ n →+∞ i =0

π
 n a 2
  i.π  
⇒ lim In = lim  n ∏  tan     = e0 = 1
n →+∞ n →+∞  i =0   2n   
 

18
  π
 n  b 2
  a.i.π   i.π   
* lim n ∏  tan   .  tan    = 1
n →+∞  i =0   2n   2n 
   
 
π
2  sin ax. ( sin x ) b
  sin ax . ( sin x ) b 
I = ∫ ln   = 0, Dat f ( x i ) = ln  i i ,
  b  cos ax . ( cos x ) 
b
0  cos ax. ( cos x )  i i 
 π
 n  b 2
 π π i.π   a.i.π   i.π   
x i ∈ 0,  , ∆x = , xi = , lim I n = lim n ∏  tan   .  tan   
 2 2n 2n n →+∞ n →+∞  i =0   2n   2n 
   
 

 π
  b 2
 n  sin  a.i.π  .  sin i.π   
  2n   2n   
= lim  n ∏ 
n →+∞ i =0  b 
  a.i.π   i.π 
 cos 
  .  cos   
   2n   2n   
 
 
 π
  b 2
 n  sin  a.i.π  .  sin i.π   
  2n   2n  
⇒ lim ( ln I n ) = lim ln  n ∏  

n →+∞ n →+∞  b 
 i =0  cos  a.i.π  .  cos i.π   
      
  2n   2n  
 
 

  a.i.π   i.π 
b 
n  sin   .  sin  
π   2n   2n  
lim ( ln I n ) = lim ln ∏
n →+∞ n →+∞ 2n i =0  b 
 cos  a.i.π  .  cos i.π  
 
  2n   2n  
  a.i.π   i.π 
b 
 sin   .  sin  
π n   2n   2n  
= lim ∑ ln
n →+∞ 2n i =0  b 

 cos  a.i.π   i.π  
  .  cos  
  2n  2n  

19
 π
n  sin ax. ( sin x ) b 
2
= lim ∑ f ( x i ) .∆x = ∫ ln  =0
n →+∞ i =0  cos ax. ( cos x ) b 
0  
 π
 n  b 2
  a.i.π   i.π    0
⇒ lim In = lim n ∏  tan   .  tan    = e = 1
n →+∞ n →+∞  i =0   2n   2n 
   
 
1
x 2n 1
* I= ∫ a x + bdx = 2n + 1
−1
1 0 1 0
x 2n x 2n x 2n x 2n
* I= ∫ a x + bdx = ∫ a x + b dx + ∫ a x + b dx. Xet J = ∫ a x + b dx.
−1 −1 0 −1
x = −1 ⇒ t = 1 0 2n
t ( −dt ) 1 2n t
t .a dt
1 2n x
x .a dx
Dat x = − t ⇒ dx = −dt J=∫ =∫ =∫
x =0⇒ t =0 −t t x
1 a +b 0 a +b 0 a +b

Vay I = ∫
1 2n x
x .a dx
+∫
1
x 2n
dx = ∫
(
1 x 2n a x + b ) dx = 1 x 2n dx =   x 2n +1 
1
1
x
+b x
+b ax + b
∫  =
 2n + 1  0 2n + 1
0 a 0a 0 0

2n
m 2 ( 2i − m ) 1
* lim
m→+∞
∑  2i −m 
=
2n + 1
i =1 2n +1 
m a ^ m +b 
 
 
1
x 2n 1 x i 2n
*I= ∫ dx = , Dat f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ [ −1, 1] ,
a x
+ b 2n + 1 a xi
+ b
−1
2 i.2 2i − m
∆x = , x i = −1 + =
m m m
2n
 2i − m 
2 m  m 
2n
m 2 ( 2i − m )
⇒ lim In = lim
m→+∞ m→+∞ i =1
∑  2i − m 
= lim ∑ 2i−m 
m →+∞ m i =1 
2n +1 
m a ^ m +b   a ^ m +b 
   
   
1
m x 2n 1
= lim ∑ f ( xi ) .∆x = ∫ x
dx =
2n + 1
−1 a + b
m→+∞ i =1
20
 sin x.dx nx − m.ln n.sin x + m.cos x
* I=∫ = ,
n.sin x + m.cos x m2 + n 2
cos x.dx mx + n.ln n.sin x + m.cos x
J=∫ =
n.sin x + m.cos x m2 + n 2
sin x.dx cos x.dx
* I=∫ dat J = ∫
n.sin x + m.cos x n.sin x + m.cos x
( n.sin x + m.cos x ) .dx
⇒ n.I + m.J = ∫ = ∫ dx = x ⇒ m ( n.I + m.J ) = mx ( 1)
n.sin x + m.cos x
( m.sin x − n.cos x ) .dx d ( n.sin x + m.cos x )
m.I − n.J = ∫ = −∫ = − ln n.sin x + m.cos x
n.sin x + m.cos x n.sin x + m.cos x
⇒ n ( m.I − n.J ) = −n.ln n.sin x + m.cos x ( 2 )

( 1) − ( 2 ) : ( )
J m 2 + n 2 = mx + n.ln n.sin x + m.cos x

cos x.dx mx + n.ln n.sin x + m.cos x

⇒J=∫ =
n.sin x + m.cos x m2 + n 2
n ( n.I + m.J ) = nx, m ( m.I − n.J ) = −m.ln n.sin x + m.cos x

( )
⇒ I m 2 + n 2 = nx − m.ln n.sin x + m.cos x

sin x.dx nx − m.ln n.sin x + m.cos x

⇒I=∫ =
n.sin x + m.cos x m2 + n 2

 i.π 
sin  
π n  2n  1  aπ  b 
* lim ∑
n →+∞ 2n i =0  i.π   i.π 
=
2 
2 2
+ b.ln   
 a 
a.sin   + b.cos   b + a 
 2n   2n 
π π aπ
2  ax − b.ln a.sin x + b.cos x  − b.ln a + b.ln b
sin x.dx 2 2
I= ∫ =
a.sin x + b.cos x  2
+ 2  =
a 2 + b2
0 a b 0
1  aπ  b 
=  + b.ln   
a 2 + b2  2  a 
sin x i  π π i.π
Dat f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ 0,  , ∆x = , xi =
a.sin x i + b.cos x i  2 2n 2n

21
  i.π 
sin  
π n  2n  n
⇒ lim In = lim ∑ = lim ∑ f ( x i ) .∆x
n →+∞ n →+∞ 2n i =0  i.π   i.π  n →+∞ i =0
a.sin   + b.cos  
 2n   2n 
π
2  aπ
sin x.dx 1  b 
= ∫ a.sin x + b.cos x = a 2 + b2  2
+ b.ln   
 a 
0

 i.π 
cos  
π n  2n  1  bπ  b 
* lim ∑
n →+∞ 2n i =0  i.π   i.π 
=
2 
2 2
+ a.ln   
 a 
a.sin   + b.cos   a + b 
 2n   2n 
π π
2cos x.dx  bx + a.ln b.sin x + a.cos x  2
I= ∫ =
a.sin x + b.cos x  2
+ 2 
0 a b 0
bπ
+ a.ln b − a.ln a
2 1  bπ  b 
= =  + a.ln   
a 2 + b2 a 2 + b2  2  a 
cos x i  π π i.π
Dat f ( x i ) = , x i ∈  0,  , ∆x = , xi =
a.sin x i + b.cos x i  2 2n 2n

 i.π 
cos  
π n  2n  n
⇒ lim In = lim ∑ = lim ∑ f ( x i ) .∆x
n →+∞ n →+∞ 2n i =0  i.π   i.π  n →+∞ i =0
a.sin   + b.cos  
 2n   2n 
π
2  bπ
cos x.dx 1  b 
= ∫ a.sin x + b.cos x = a 2 + b2  2
+ a.ln   
 a 
0

22
* I = ∫ 2sin 2 x.sin 2x.dx

* I = ∫ 2sin 2 x.sin 2x.dx dat J = ∫ 2co s 2 x.sin 2x.dx

Ta có : J + I = ∫ 2sin 2xdx = − cos 2x + C1
cos 4x
J − I = ∫ 2 cos 2x.sin 2xdx = ∫ sin 4x = − + C2
4
 2 1  cos 4x 


J + I = − cos 2x + C1 

I = ∫ 2sin x.sin 2x.dx = .
2  4
− cos 2x  + C

Ta dc :  cos 4x ⇔
J − I = − 4 + C2 J = 2cos 2 x.sin 2x.dx = − 1 .  cos 4x + cos 2x  + C
 ∫ 
2  4



π π
2 sin x.dx π ln 2 2cos x.dx π ln 2
* I= ∫ cos x + sin x = 8 + và J = ∫ = −
π 4 π cos x + sin x 8 4
4 4
π π π
2 sin x.dx 2 cos x.dx 2 ( sin x + cos x ) dx π π π
Ta có : I + J = ∫ cos x + sin x + ∫ cos x + sin x = ∫ cos x + sin x
= − =
2 4 4
π π π
4 4 4
π π π
2 sin x.dx 2 cos x.dx 2 ( sin x − cos x ) dx
Mat khác : I − J = ∫ cos x + sin x − ∫ cos x + sin x = ∫ cos x + sin x
π π π
4 4 4
π π
2 d ( cos x + sin x ) 2  2  ln 2
= −∫ == − ln [ cos x + sin x ] = − ln1 − 2 ln =
π cos x + sin x π
 2  2
4
4

 π  π ln 2
 I + J = 4  I = 8 + 4
Nhu vay ta giai he :  ⇔
I − J = ln 2 J = π − ln 2
 2  8 4

23
 sin x.dx x − ln [ cos x + sin x ] cos x.dx x + ln [ cos x + sin x ]
* I=∫ = , J=∫ =
cos x + sin x 2 cos x + sin x 2
sin x.dx cos x.dx
* I=∫ và J = ∫
cos x + sin x cos x + sin x
sin x.dx cos x.dx ( sin x + cos x ) dx
Ta có : I + J = ∫ +∫ =∫ = ∫ dx = x
cos x + sin x cos x + sin x cos x + sin x
sin x.dx cos x.dx ( sin x − cos x ) dx d ( cos x + sin x )
Mat khác : I − J = ∫ −∫ =∫ = −∫
cos x + sin x cos x + sin x cos x + sin x cos x + sin x
 I+J =x
= − ln [ cos x + sin x ] Nhu vay ta giai he : 
I − J = − ln [ cos x + sin x ]
 sin x.dx x − ln [ cos x + sin x ]
 ∫
I = = +C
cos x + sin x 2
⇔
J = cos x.dx x + ln [ cos x + sin x ]
 ∫ cos x + sin x
= +C
2

π π
2 sin x.dx 1 2 ( cos x + sin x ) + ( sin x − cos x ) dx
* Cách 2 : I = ∫ cos x + sin x = 2 . ∫ cos x + sin x
π π
4 4
π π  π π 
1  2 cos x + sin x 2 sin x − cos x  1  2 2 d ( cos x + sin x ) 
= . ∫ dx + ∫ dx  = .  ∫ dx − ∫ 
2  π cos x + sin x π cos x + sin x  2  π π cos x + sin x 
   
4 4  4 4 
 π
1 π 2  π ln 2
= . − ln cos x + sin x  = +
 .
2 4 π 8 2
 4
 

24
 e− x dx
1 1
e x dx
* I= ∫ e− x + e x = ∫ e− x + e x =1
−1 −1

e− x dx
1 1
e x dx
* I= ∫ e− x + e x Dat J = ∫ −x
+ ex
−1 −1 e
1
e− x dx
1
e x dx (
1 e − x + e x dx ) 1
Ta có : I + J = ∫ e− x + e x + ∫ e− x + ex = ∫ e −x
+e x
= ∫ dx = 2
−1 −1 −1 −1
1
e− x dx
1
e x dx (
1 e − x − e x dx )
I−J= ∫−x
+ ex
− ∫ −x
+ ex
= ∫ e− x + e x
−1 e −1 e −1

=−∫
(
1 d e− x + e x ) = − ln e−x + ex 1 I + J = 2
=0⇒ 
I = 1
⇔
−x
−1 e + ex −1 I − J = 0 J = 1

* I=∫
e− x dx
Dat J = ∫
e x dx
Ta có : I + J = ∫
( e−x + ex ) dx =
e− x + ex e− x + e x e− x + e x
∫ dx = x,

I−J= ∫
( e−x − ex ) dx = − d ( e−x + ex ) = − ln e−x + ex
e− x + e x
∫ e− x + e x
  −x x − ln e− x + e x
 I = e dx
 ∫ e− x + e x
 I+J= x =
2
⇒ −x x ⇔ 
I − J = − ln e + e  e x
dx x + ln e− x + e x
 J = ∫ =
  e− x + e x 2

a +T T
* ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx
a 0
a +T T
* Cho f(x) liên tục trên ¡ và tuần hoàn với chu kì T cm: ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx
a 0
2004 π
áp dụng, tính tích phân : I = ∫ 1 − cos 2xdx
0

25
 T a a +T T
Ta có : ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx ( 1)
0 0 a a +T
T
x =a+T⇒t =a
Xet I3 = ∫ f ( x ) dx Dat t = x − T ⇒ dt = dx
x=T⇒t=0
a +T
0 a a a
I3 = ∫ f ( t + T ) dt = − ∫ f ( t + T ) dt = − ∫ f ( t ) dt = − ∫ f ( x ) dx ( 2)
a 0 0 0
T a +T
The (2) vào (1) ta dc ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx ( ñpcm )
0 a

2004 π π 2π 
I= ∫ 1 − cos 2xdx = 1002 2 ∫ sin xdx − ∫ sin xdx  = 4008 2

 
0 0 π 
2004π 2004 π 2004π
2
ap dung : I = ∫ 1 − cos 2xdx = ∫ 2sin xdx = 2 ∫ sin x dx
0 0 0
 2π 4π  2004 π
= 2  ∫ sin x dx + ∫ sin x dx + ... + ∫ sin x dx 
 
0 2π 2002 π 
2π 4π 2004π
Theo tính chat trên, ta có : ∫ sin x dx = ∫ sin x dx = ... = ∫ sin x dx
0 2π 2002π
2π π 2π 
Nen I = 1002 2 ∫ sin x dx = 1002 2 ∫ sin xdx − ∫ sin xdx 

 
0 0 π 
2nπ
( π 2π
= 1002 2 [ − cos x ] 0 − [ − cos x ] π = 4008 2 ) I= ∫
2mπ
1 − cos 2xdx = ( n − m ) 2

26
 π
π
* I = ∫ x.sin x.cos 2 xdx =
3
0
π
x =0⇒ t =π
* I = ∫ x.sin x.cos 2 xdx dat t = π − x ⇒ dt = −dx
x =π⇒ t =0
0
0 π
⇒ I = ∫ ( π − t ) sin ( π − t ) .cos 2
( π − t ) ( −dt ) = ∫ ( π − t ) sin t.cos2 tdt
π 0
π π
I = π ∫ sin t.cos t.dt − ∫ t.sin t.cos2 t.dt
2

0 0
π π π
= π ∫ sin t.cos t.dt − ∫ x.sin x.cos x.dx = π ∫ sin t.cos 2 t.dt − I
2 2

0 0 0
π
t = 0 ⇒ u =1
⇔ 2I = π ∫ sin t.cos 2 tdt dat u = cos t ⇒ du = − sin tdt
t = π ⇒ u = −1
0
π −1 1 1
 u3  2 π
∫ sin t.cos tdt = ∫ u ( −du ) = ∫ u du =  3  = 3 ⇒ I = 3
2 2 2

0 1 −1   −1

3π
* I= ∫ sin x.sin 2x.sin 3x.cos 5xdx
0
3π
* I= ∫ sin x.sin 2x.sin 3x.cos 5x.dx =
0
3π
2 3π
∫ sin x.sin 2x.sin 3x.cos 5x.dx + ∫ sin x.sin 2x.sin 3x.cos 5x.dx (1)
0 3π
2
3π
Xet J = ∫ sin x.sin 2x.sin 3x.cos 5x.dx
3π
2
3π 3π
x= ⇒t=
dat x = 3π − t ⇒ dx = −dt 2 2
x = 3π ⇒ t = 0

27
 0
J= ∫ sin ( 3π − t ) sin ( 6π − 2t ) sin ( 9π − 3t ) cos ( 15π − 5t ) ( −dt )
3π
2
3π 3π
2 2
=− ∫ sin t.sin 2t.sin 3t.cos 5t.dt = − ∫ sin x sin 2x sin 3x cos5xdx (2).
0 0
The (2) vào (1) ta dc I = 0

1
dx
* I= ∫ x
( 2
−1 e + 1 x + 1 )( )
1 0 1
dx dx dx
* I= ∫ = ∫ +∫
(
x 2
−1 e + 1 x + 1 )( ) (
x 2
−1 e + 1 x + 1 )( ) 0 ( ex + 1) ( x 2 + 1)
0
dx
Xét J = ∫ x 2
(
−1 e + 1 x + 1 )( )
x =0⇒ t =0
dat x = − t ⇒ dx = −dt
x = −1 ⇒ t = 1
0 1 1
−dt e t dt e x dx
J=∫ =∫ =∫ .
(
−t 2
1 e +1 t +1 )( ) ( t 2
0 e +1 t +1 )( ) ( x 2
0 e +1 x +1 )( )
1 1 1
e x dx dx dx
Vay I = ∫ +∫ =∫
x
(
2
0 e +1 x +1 )( ) 0 ( ex + 1) ( x 2 + 1) 2
0 x +1

x = 0 ⇔ tgu = 0 ⇔ u = 0
  π π 
dat x = tgu  u ∈  − ;   ⇒ dx = 1 + tg 2 u du
  2 2 
( ) x = 1 ⇔ tgu = 1 ⇔ u =
π
4
π π
( 2
4 1 + tg u du ) 4
π
du = [ u ] 04 =
π
I= ∫ 1 + tg 2 u
= ∫ 4
0 0

28
 ax eax ( a.sin bx − b.cos bx )
* I = ∫ e .sin bx.dx = +C
a 2 + b2
cos bx
* I = ∫ eax .sin bx.dx dat u = eax , dv = sin bx.dx ⇒ du = a.eax , v = ∫ sin bx.dx = −
b
ax eax .cos bx a
⇒ ∫ e .sin bx.dx = − + ∫ cos bx.eax .dx
b b
sin bx
Tính ∫ eax .cos bx.dx dat u = eax , dv = cos bx.dx ⇒ du = a.eax , v = ∫ cos bx.dx =
b
ax eax .sin bx a ax
⇒ ∫ e .cos bx.dx = − ∫ e .sin bx.dx
b b

ax eax .cos bx a  eax .sin bx a ax 

⇒ I = ∫ e .sin bx.dx = − +  − ∫ e .sin bx.dx 
b b  b b 

b.eax .cos bx a.eax .sin bx a2
=− + − .I + C
b2 b2 b2
ax eax ( a.sin bx − b.cos bx )
⇒ I = ∫ e .sin bx.dx = +C
a 2 + b2

ax eax ( a.cos bx + b.sin bx )

* I = ∫ e .cos bx.dx = +C
a 2 + b2
sin bx
* I = ∫ eax .cos bx.dx dat u = eax , dv = cos bx.dx ⇒ du = a.eax , v = ∫ cos bx.dx =
b
ax eax .sin bx a ax
⇒ ∫ e .cos bx.dx = − ∫ e .sin bx.dx
b b
− cos bx
Tính ∫ eax .sin bx.dx dat u = eax , dv = cos bx.dx ⇒ du = a.eax , v = ∫ sin bx.dx =
b
ax −eax .cos bx a ax
⇒ ∫ e .sin bx.dx = + ∫ e .cos bx.dx
b b

29
 ax eax .sin bx a  −eax .cos bx a ax 
⇒ I = ∫ e .cos bx.dx = −  + ∫ e .cos bx.dx 
b b  b b 

b.eax .sin bx a.eax .cos bx a2
=
b 2
+
b 2
−
b 2 ( )
.I + C ⇒ a 2 + b 2 I = eax ( a.cos bx + b.sin bx )

ax eax ( a.cos bx + b.sin bx )

I = ∫ e .cos bx.dx = +C
a 2 + b2

cos 2 x 1  π  sin 2 x 1  π 
* I=∫ dx =  ln tan  x +  + x  , J = ∫ dx =  ln tan  x +  − x 
cos 2x 2  4  cos 2x 2  4 
cos 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x + cos2 x dx  π
* I=∫ dx J=∫ dx ⇒I+J= ∫ dx = ∫ = ln tan  x + 
cos 2x cos 2x cos 2x cos 2x  4
cos 2 x − sin 2 x cos 2x
⇒I−J= ∫ dx = ∫ dx = x
cos 2x cos 2x
1  π  1  π 
⇒ I =  ln tan  x +  + x  , J =  ln tan  x +  − x 
2  4  2  4 

sin 2 x cos 2 x
* I=∫ dx J=∫ dx
a.sin x + b.cos x a.sin x + b.cos x
1 sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x
* I= ∫ dx J= ∫ dx
a sin x + b .cos x a sin x + b .cos x
a a
1 dx x 2t
⇒I+J = ∫ dat t = tan ⇒ sin x = ,
a sin x + b .cos x 2 1 + t2
a
1 − t2 2dt
cos x = , x = 2 arctan t ⇒ dx =
1 + t2 1 + t2

30
 2dt
1 1 + t2 2dt
⇒I+J=
a ∫ 2t b 1 − t2
=∫
−bt 2 + 2at + b
+ .
1 + t2 a 1 + t2
2 b2
2 sin x − .cos 2 x
b 1a2 1  b 
a∫
I− .J = dx = ∫  sin x − .cos x  dx
a2 b a  a 
sin x + .cos x
a
− cos x b.sin x  a.cos x + b.sin x 
= − = − 
a a2  a2 

π /2 cos3 x.dx π /2 sin 3 x.dx π +1

* I= ∫ = ∫ =
0 sin x + cos x 0 sin x + cos x 4
π /2
cos3 x.dx π π π
I= ∫ sin x + cos x
dat t =
2
− x ⇒ dt = −dx, x = 0 ⇒ t = , x = ⇒ t = 0
2 2
0
π 
cos3  − t  .dt
0 π /2 π /2
 2  sin 3 t.dt sin 3 x.dx
I=− ∫ = ∫ = ∫ =J⇒I−J=0
π  π  cos t + sin t sin x + cos x
π /2 sin  − t  + cos  − t  0 0
2  2 

(
π /2 sin 3 x + cos3 x .dx ) π /2 π /2
I+J = ∫ sin x + cos x
= ∫ ( sin 2 2
)
x + cos x + sin x.cos x .dx = ∫
 sin 2x 
1 +
 2 
 .dx
0 0 0
π
 cos 2x  2 π cos π  cos 0  π + 1 π +1
= x − = − −  0 −  = ⇒ I = J =
 4  0 2 4  4  2 4

31
 π /2 cos3 x.dx π /2 sin 3 x.dx π −1
* I= ∫ = ∫ =
0 sin x − cos x 0 sin x − cos x 4
π /2 cos3 x.dx π π π
I= ∫ Put t = − x ⇒ dt = −dx, x = 0 ⇒ t = , x = ⇒ t = 0
0 sin x − cos x 2 2 2
3π 
0 cos  − t  .dt π /2 sin 3 t.dt π /2 sin 3 x.dx
I=− ∫  2 
= ∫ = ∫ =J⇒I−J=0
π /2 sin  π   π  cos t − sin t sin x − cos x
 − t  − cos  − t  0 0
 2   2 

( 3 3
π /2 sin x + cos x .dx )
( )
π /2 π /2  sin 2x 
2 2
J+I= ∫ = ∫ sin x + cos x − sin x.cos x .dx = ∫ 1 −  .dx
0 sin x + cos x 0 0  2 
π /2
 cos 2x  π cos π  cos 0  π − 1 π −1
= x + = + − 0 + = ⇒I=J=
 4  0 2 4  4  2 4

* I = ∫ eax .cos2 bx.dx J = ∫ eax .sin 2 bx.dx

* I = ∫ eax .cos 2 bx.dx J = ∫ eax .sin 2 bx.dx
eax
ax
( 2
⇒ I + J = ∫ e . cos bx + sin bx .dx = ∫ e .dx = 2
a
, ) ax

( )
I1 = I − J = ∫ eax . cos 2 bx − sin 2 bx .dx = ∫ eax .cos ( 2bx ) .dx

eax
Put u = cos ( 2bx ) ⇒ du = −2b.sin ( 2bx ) .dx, dv = e .dx ⇒ v = ∫ e .dx = ax ax
( 1)
a
eax cos ( 2bx ) 2b.sin ( 2bx ) .eax .dx
⇒ I1 = I − J = +∫
a a
eax
Put u = sin ( 2bx ) ⇒ du = 2b.cos ( 2bx ) .dx, dv = eax .dx ⇒ v = ∫ eax .dx =
a

32
 2b  e .sin ( 2bx ) 2b.cos ( 2bx ) eax .dx 
ax
2b
sin ( 2bx ) .e .dx =
ax
a ∫
⇒ I2 =  −∫ 
a  a a 
 
2b.eax .sin ( 2bx ) − 4b 2 .I1 eax .cos ( 2bx ) 2b.eax sin ( 2bx ) − 4b 2 .I1
= ⇒ I1 = +
2
a a a2
⇒ a 2 .I1 = a.eax cos ( 2bx ) + 2b.eax sin ( 2bx ) − 4b 2 .I1
a.eax cos ( 2bx ) + 2b.eax sin ( 2bx )
⇒ I1 = I − J = ∫ e .cos ( 2bx ) .dx =
ax
( 2)
a 2 + 4b 2

1  eax a.e cos ( 2bx ) + 2b.e sin ( 2bx ) 

ax ax
( 1) + ( 2 ) ⇒ I = ∫ e .cos bx.dx =  +
ax 2 ,

2 a
 a 2 + 4b2 
1  eax a.e cos ( 2bx ) + 2b.e sin ( 2bx ) 
ax ax
ax 2
J = ∫ e .sin bx.dx =  − 
2 a a 2
+ 4b 2 
 
I = ∫ eax .cos2 bx.dx Put u = cos2 bx ⇒ du = −2.cos bx.sin bx = − sin ( 2bx ) .dx,

ax eax ax cos 2 bx.eax e ax

sin ( 2bx )
dv = e .dx ⇒ v = ∫ e .dx = ⇒I= +∫ dx
a a a

1  eax a.e cos ( 2bx ) + 2b.e sin ( 2bx ) 

ax ax
ax 2
I = ∫ e .cos bx.dx =  + 
2 a a 2 + 4b 2 
 
1  eax a.e cos ( 2bx ) + 2b.e sin ( 2bx ) 
ax ax
⇒  + 
2 a 2
a + 4b 2 
 x
1  ax a .e cos ( 2bx ) − 2ab.e .sin ( 2bx ) + 2ab.e sin ( 2bx ) + 4b .e .cos ( 2bx ) 
2 ax ax ax 2 ax
= e + 
2 a 2 + 4b 2 
 

 e ax
.cos ( 2bx ) a 2
+ (
4b 2
)  = 1 eax + eax .cos ( 2bx )
 2( )
1
=  eax +
2 a 2 + 4b2 
 
eax
=
2
( )
2 cos 2 ( bx ) = eax .cos 2 ( bx )

33
* Help me to check the solution ?
−ax
−ax 2 1  e−ax −a.e cos ( 2bx ) + 2b.e−ax sin ( 2bx ) 
I = ∫ e . ( cos bx ) .dx =  − + 
2 a a 2 + 4b 2 
 
+∞
−ax 2 1  1 −a.cos 0 + 2b.sin 0  11 a 
⇒ ∫ e . ( cos bx ) .dx = − − + 2 2 =  + 
2 a a + 4b  2  a a 2 + 4b 2 
0
+∞ +∞ +∞ b =1
−ax
1
2 −ax
1
cos ( 2bx ) + 1 −ax  sin ( 2bx ) b 
⇒ ∫ e .dx ∫ ( cos bx ) .da = ∫ e .dx.∫ .db = ∫ e .dx.  + 
2  4x 2  b =0
0 0 0 0 0
+∞ +∞ +∞
−ax  sin ( 2x ) 1 −ax sin ( 2x ) 1
= ∫ e . +  dx = ∫ e . .dx + ∫ e−ax .dx
 4x 2 4x 2
0 0 0
+∞ +∞
−ax sin ( 2x ) 1 +∞ sin ( 2x ) 1
= ∫ e . .dx −  e−ax  = ∫ e−ax . .dx +
4x 2a  0 4x 2a
0 0

+∞ +∞
−ax sin ( 2x )
1 1
−ax 2 1 1 1 a 
⇒ ∫ e .dx ∫ ( cos bx ) .db = ∫ e . .dx + = ∫ +  .db
4x 2a 2  a a 2 + 4b 2 
0 0 0 0
b =1
1 a.d ( 2b )
1 1
b 1 1   2b   1 1   2 
=  + ∫ = + .  arctan    = + .  arctan   
 2a  0 4 0 4b 2 + a 2 2 4   a   b=0 2 4   a 
+∞
sin ( 2x ) 1 1 1   2 
⇒ ∫ e−ax . .d ( 2x ) + = + .  arctan   
0
8x 2a 2a 4   a 
+∞
1 sin ( 2x ) 1   2 
⇔ ∫ e−ax . .d ( 2x ) = .  arctan   
4
0
2x 4   a 
+∞ +∞
−ax sin ( 2x ) sin x   2  π
⇒ lim ∫ e . .d ( 2x ) = ∫ .dx = lim  arctan    =
a →0
0
2x
0
x a →0   a  2

34
  aπ 
π /2 π /2 exp   − 1
* I= eax .cos 2 bx.dx = eax .sin 2 bx.dx =  2 
∫ ∫ 2a
0 0
π /2 π /2
2 2
* I= ∫ e . ( cos bx ) .dx
ax
J= ∫ eax . ( sin bx ) .dx ⇒ I − J = 0
0 0
π π aπ aπ
π /2
( ) .dx = ∫ e
2
2 2 e  2
ax
e 2 −1 e 2 −1
I + J = ∫ eax . ( cos bx ) + ( sin bx ) ax
.dx =   = ⇒I=J=
0 0  a  0 a 2a

π /2 π /2
1   aπ  
 3 a 2 + 16 + a 2 
* I = ∫ eax .cos4 bx.dx = ∫ eax .sin 4 bx.dx =  exp   − 1   ( )
0 0
8  2    a. a + 16 

2
 ( )
π /2 π /2
* I= ∫
ax 4
e .cos bx.dx J= ∫ eax .sin 4 bx.dx ⇒ I − J = 0 ( 1)
0 0
π /2 π /2
I+J = ∫
ax
( 4
e . cos bx + sin x .dx = 4
) ∫ e ax 
. 

cos(2
bx + sin 2 2
x − 2sin )
2
x.cos 2 
x  .dx

0 0
π /2  π /2 π /2
 sin 2x  
2
ax  ax  1  1 − cos 4x    3 cos 4x 
= ∫ e . 1 − 2   .dx = e . 1 −  ∫   .dx = eax .  +  .dx ∫
  2    2 2    4 4 
0   0 0
π /2
π /2 π  ax 
 aπ   e ( a.cos 4x + 4.sin 4x ) 
 3e 
ax /2
1 3 
=  + eax .cos 4x.dx =  exp   − 1 + 
∫
 4a  0 4
0
4a   2   
 4 a 2 + 16

 0 ( )
 
 aπ    exp ( aπ / 2 ) . ( a.cos 2π + 4.sin 2π ) − e ( a.cos 0 + 4.sin 0 ) 
0
3 
=  exp   − 1 +
4a   2   
 4 a 2 + 16 ( 
 )
   
3   aπ    a   aπ      aπ    3 a 
=  exp   − 1 + .  exp   − 1 =  exp   − 1  +
4a   2    4 a 2 + 16 
 (  2   
 )  2    4a 4 a 2 + 16
 ( ) 



1  aπ   
=  exp   − 1 
(
 3 a 2 + 16 + a 2 
 ) ( 2)
4  2    a. a 2 + 16 
  ( )
35
 1 π
 
a  
( 1) + ( 2 ) ⇒ I = J =  exp   − 1   (
 3 a 2 + 16 + a 2  π/2
) π /2
= ∫ e .cos bx.dx = ∫ eax .sin 4 bx.dx
ax 4
8  2    a. a 2 + 16  0


 ( ) 0

ax eax ( a.cos bx + b.sin bx )

I1 = ∫ e .cos bx.dx = +C
2 2
a +b

8/ Tích phân hàm trị tuyệt đối:

π /4
3 2
* I= ∫ 2sin 2 xdx = −1
2
−π /3
π /4 π/4
2
* I= ∫ 2sin xdx = 2 ∫ sin x dx
−π /3 −π /3
 0  π /4
 π /4 0 
= 2  ∫ sin x dx + ∫ sin x dx  = 2  ∫ sin xdx − ∫ sin xdx 
   
 −π/3 0   0 −π/3 

(
= 2 [ − cos x ] 0
π /4 0
)
 1
− [ − cos x ] −π/3 = 2  −
 2
 1  3 2
+ 1 −  −1 +   =
 2  2
−1

0 0
 π 
∫ sin x dx = − ∫ sin x.dx vi sin x < 0 tren doan  − , 0 
 3 
−π /3 −π /3

3
 x 2 
* I = ∫ max 1;  dx
0  4 
x2 x2
Ta lâp hiêu sô : H = 1 − . Cho H = 0 ⇔ 1 − = 0 ⇔ x 2 = 4 ⇔ x = ±2
4 4
x -2 0 2 3
H 0 + 0 –
x2 x2
⇒ tren doan [ 0, 2] : < 1, tren doan [ 2, 3] : >1
4 4
2 3 2 3 2 3
 x 2   x 2  x 2 x 
3
 9 2  43
I = ∫ max 1;  dx + ∫ max 1;  dx = ∫ dx + ∫ dx = [ x ] 0 +   = 2 +  −  =
0  4  2  4  0 2
4  12  2  4 3  12

36
 2
{
* I = ∫ max 1; x; x 2 dx }
0
Gọi H = x – 1. H = 0 ⇔ x = 1.
x 0 1 2
H – 0 +
Gọi G = x – x. G = 0 ⇔ x = 0 V x = 1
2

x 0 1 2
G – 0 +
0
 x ≤ 1 2  x ≥ 1
0 ≤ x ≤ 1:  2 ⇒ x ≤ x ≤1 ; 1≤ x ≤ 2: 2 ⇒ x2 ≥ x ≥ 1
 x ≤ x  x ≥ x
2 1 2  3 2
{ } 1 x  8 1  10
F = max 1; x; x 2 dx = dx + x 2 dx = [ x ] 0 +   = 1 +  −  =
∫ ∫ ∫  3 1  3 3 3
0 0 1

3 / I = ∫ x 3 .e− x dx dat u = x 3 ⇒ du = 3x 2 .dx,

dv = e− x dx ⇒ v = ∫ e− x dx = −e− x

( )
⇒ I = − ∫ x 3 .d e− x = − x 3 .e− x + 3∫ x 2 .e− x .dx

∫x
2 −x
.e ( )
.dx = − ∫ x 2 .d e− x = − x 2 .e− x + 2∫ x.e− x .dx

(
= − x 2 .e− x + 2x.e− x − 2e− x + C ⇒ I = ∫ x 3 .e− x dx − e− x x 3 + 3x 2 + 6x + 6 )
4 / ∫ x 2 .cos x.dx = ∫ x 2 .d ( sin x ) = x 2 . sin x − 2 ∫ x.sin x.dx ∫ u.dv = uv − ∫ v.du
− ∫ x.sin x.dx = ∫ x.d ( cos x ) = x.cos x − ∫ cos x.dx = x.cos x − sin x

⇒ ∫ x 2 .cos x.dx = x 2 .sin x + 2x.cos x − 2sin x + C

37
5 / ∫ x 3 .cos x.dx = ∫ x3 .d ( sin x ) = x 3 .sin x − 3∫ x 2 .sin x.dx

− ∫ x 2 .sin x.dx = ∫ x 2 .d ( cos x ) = x 2 .cos x − 2∫ x.cos x.dx

− ∫ x.cos x.dx = − ∫ x.d ( sin x ) = − x.sin x + ∫ sin x.dx = − x.sin x − cos x

⇒ − ∫ x 2 .sin x.dx = x 2 .cos x − 2 ( − x.sin x − cos x )

(
⇒ ∫ x 3 .cos x.dx = x 3 .sin x − 3 x 2 .cos x + 2 ( x.sin x + cos x ) )
= x 3 .sin x − 3x 2 .cos x − 6x.sin x − 6 cos x

6 / ∫ x 2 .sin x.dx = − ∫ x 2 .d ( cos x ) = − x 2 .cos x + 2∫ x.cos.dx ∫ u.dv = uv − ∫ v.du

∫ x.cos x.dx = ∫ x.d ( sin x ) = x.sin x − ∫ sin x.dx = x.sin x + cos x
⇒ ∫ x 2 .cos x.dx = − x 2 .cos x + 2x.sin x + 2cos x + C

7 / ∫ x 3 .sin x.dx = − ∫ x 3 .d ( cos x ) = − x 3 .cos x + 3∫ x 2 .cos x.dx

∫ x .cos x.dx = ∫ x .d ( sin x ) = x .sin x − 2∫ x.sin x.dx

2 2 2

− ∫ x.sin x.dx = ∫ x.d ( cos x ) = x.cos x + ∫ cos x.dx = x.cos x + sin x

⇒ ∫ x 2 .cos x.dx = x 2 .sin x − 2 ( x.cos x + sin x )

(
⇒ ∫ x 3 .sin x.dx = − x 3 .cos x + 3 x 2 .sin x − 2 ( x.cos x + sin x ) )
= − x 3 .cos x + 3x 2 .sin x − 6x.cos x − 6sin x

3 −x 2 2 2
10 / ∫ x .e dx dat u = x 2 , dv = x.e− x dx ⇒ du = 2x.dx, v = ∫ x.e − x dx

dat y = − x 2 ⇒ dy = −2x.dx
2
dy −x2 x.e y .dy ey e− x
⇒ dx = − v = ∫ x.e dx = − ∫ =− =−
2x 2x 2 2
2 2 2
3 −x2 x 2 .e− x e − x .2x.dx x 2 .e− x 2
⇒ ∫ x .e dx = − − ∫− =− + ∫ x.e− x .dx
2 2 2
2 2 2
x 2 .e− x e− x e− x
=−
2
−
2
=−
2
( x 2 + 1)

38
 x 2 .dx
12 / Tính ∫
x 3 + 5x 2 + 8x + 4
x2 x2 A B C
= = + +
x 3 + 5x 2 + 8x + 4 ( x + 1) ( x + 2 ) 2 x + 1 x + 2 ( x + 2) 2
2
⇒ A ( x + 2 ) + B ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1) + C ( x + 1) = x 2
2
Cho x = −2 ⇒ C ( −2 + 1) = ( −2 ) ⇒ C = −4
Cho x = −1 ⇒ A = 1, cho x = 0 ⇒ 4A + 2B + C = 0 ⇔ 4 + 2B − 4 = 0 ⇔ B = 0
x 2 .dx d ( x + 1) 4d ( x + 2 ) 4
vay : ∫ x3 + 5x 2 + 8x + 4 =∫
x +1
−∫ = ln x + 1 +
( x + 2)
+C
( x + 2) 2

x 5 + 3x 3 + 4x x 5 + 3x 3 + 4x 2x
13 / Tính ∫ dx Ta có : =x+
x 4 + 3x 2 + 2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 2
2x 2x Ax + B Cx + D
= = +
4 2
x + 3x + 2 2 2
x +1 x + 2 ( 2
x +1 )(
) ( ) (
x2 + 2 )
⇒ ( Ax + B ) ( x 2 + 2 ) + ( Cx + D ) ( x 2 + 1) = 2x
Cho x = 0 ⇒ 2B + D = 0 ⇒ D = −2B,
x 3 ( A + B ) + x 2 ( B + D ) + x ( 2A + C ) + 2B + D = 2x
⇒ A + B = 0, B + D = 0, 2A + C = 2, 2B + D = 0 ⇒ A = 2, B = 0, C = −2, D = 0

( ) ( )
' '
2x.dx 2x.dx 2x.dx x 2 + 1 .dx x 2 + 2 .dx
⇒∫ =∫ −∫ =∫ −∫
x 4 + 3x 2 + 2 x2 + 1 x2 + 2 ( x 2 + 1) ( x2 + 2)
2 2 x2 + 1
= ln x + 1 − ln x + 2 = ln
x2 + 2

x 5 + 3x 3 + 4x 2x.dx x2 x2 + 1
⇒∫ dx = ∫ x.dx + ∫ = + ln +C
x 4 + 3x 2 + 2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 2 2 2
x +2

39
 x2 + 1
14 / Tính ∫
4 2
x + x +1
dx (
ta có : x 4 + x 2 + 1 = x 4 + 2x 2 + 1 − x 2 )
( ) (
= x2 + 1 − x2 = x2 + x + 1 x2 − x + 1 )( )
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 A.x + B C.x + D
= = +
x4 + x2 + 1 ( x 2 + x + 1) ( x 2 − x + 1) ( x 2 + x + 1) ( x 2 − x + 1)
⇒ ( A.x + B ) ( x 2 − x + 1) + ( C.x + D ) ( x 2 + x + 1) = x 2 + 1

⇔ x3 ( A + C ) + x 2 ( B + D − A + C ) + x ( A − B + C + D ) + ( B + D ) = x 2 + 1

⇒ A + C = 0, B + D − A + C = 1, A − B + C + D = 0, B + D = 1
1
A + C = 0 ⇒ A − B + C + D = D − B = 0 ⇒ B = D = ( B + D = 1) ,
2
B + D − A + C =1− A + C =1⇒ C − A = 0 ⇒ A = C = 0
x2 + 1 1 dx 1 dx
vay : ∫ dx = ∫ + ∫
x4 + x2 + 1 ( )
2 x2 + x + 1 2 x2 − x + 1
( )
1 dx 1 dx 1 2 2x + 1 1 2x − 1
= ∫
2  2
+ ∫
2
= . .arctg + .arctg
1 3 2  1 3 2 3 3 3 3
 x +  +  x −  +
 2 4  2 4

 1
  1  Khi x ∈ ( 0;1]
16/ Cho: f ( x ) =   
x 
0 Khi x = 0
1
Tính ∫ f ( x ) dx
0
Giải:
 1 1 1
Nhận xét rằng với mọi x ∈  ;  thì f ( x ) = Hàm f ( x ) là tăng và bị chặn trên [ 0;1]
1+ n n  n
Nên hàm f ( x ) khả tích
Ta có:

40
 1
1 1+ n 1
I = ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx.
0 0 1
1+ n
1 1
1+ n 1+ n 1 1 1
Tuy nhien 0 ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ ∫ dx = .
n n 1+ n
0 0
1
1+ n
⇒ ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0 khi n → +∞
0
1 1
1 n n −1 1 1
1 1
I = ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ... + ∫ dx
1 1  1  1  1  1  1 
 x   x   
1+ n n +1 n 2 x
11 1  1  1 1  1
=  − +  −  + ... + 11 − 
n  n n + 1 n −1 n −1 n   2
11 1  1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1
 − = 2 − = − −  = + −
n  n n +1 n n ( n + 1) n 2  n n + 1  n 2 n + 1 n

n −1  1 1 1 
⇒I= ∑ + − 

k =0  ( n − k )
2 n +1− k n − k 

 1 1 1   1 1 1   1 1 1
= + − + + − + ... +  + − 
 n 2 n + 1 n   ( n − 1) 2 n n − 1   12 2 2 
 1 1  1 π 2
=  1 + ... + + + −1 = − 1 Khi n → +∞
 2 2  n +1
 ( n − 1) n  6
1
1 π2
⇒∫ dx = −1
1 6
0
 x 

41
 (
* I = ∫ x.ln x 2 + x + 1 .dx = ) 1
2 ∫ ( ) ( )
ln x 2 + x + 1 .d x 2

(
x 2 .ln x 2 + x + 1 ) −1
=
2 2∫
x 2
( (
.d ln x 2 + x + 1 ))
(
x 2 .ln x 2 + x + 1 ) −1 2 2x + 1
2∫
= x .dx .
2 x2 + x + 1
1 2x + 1 1  x −1 
* I1 = − ∫ x 2 . .dx = − ∫  2x − 1 −  dx
2 x2 + x + 1 2  x2 + x + 1 
1 3
2 − x+
x −x 1 2 2 dx
=− + ∫
2 2
2 x + x +1

1 3
−x+
1 2 2 dx = 1 2x + 1 3 dx
* I2 = ∫ ∫ dx − ∫
2 x2 + x + 1 4 x2 + x + 1 4 2 2
 1  3
x +  + 
 2  2 

( )
2  2x + 1  2
d x + x + 1   ln x + x + 1
1
= ∫
4 2
x + x +1
3 2
− . .arctg  2  =
4 3  2  4
−
2
3
.arctg ( 2x + 1) 3 ( )
 
 3 

2
x 2 − x ln x + x + 1
⇒ I1 = −
2
+
4
−
2
3
.arctg ( 2x + 1) 3 ( )
(
⇒ I = ∫ x.ln x 2 + x + 1 .dx )
=
(
x 2 .ln x 2 + x + 1 ) − x 2 − x + ln x 2 + x + 1 − 3
(
.arctg ( 2x + 1) 3 )
2 2 4 2

42