Chng 6

BAY CNG CU
KI M SOAT CHAT LNG
7 cng cu c ban
1. Phiu kim tra (checksheet)
2. Lu d (Flowchart)
3. Biu d tn sut (Histogram chart)
4. Biu d Pareto (Pareto chart)
5. Biu d phn tich nhn qua (Cause and Effect
diagram -Ishikawa diagram)
6. Biu d phn tan (Scatter diagram)
7. Biu d kim soat (Control chart)
Chi cn 3 cng cu, 80% vn co th c giai
quyt.
Vi cng cu, !"% vn co th c giai quyt.
52
MT S KY THUAT
KIM SOAT CHAT LNG BNG THNG K
(Statistical Quality Control - SQC)
53
CAC SAI SOT,
KHIM KHUYT
Biu d kim
soat (Control
chart)
Biu d nhn qua
(Cause & Effect)
PHAN TICH
NGUYN NHAN
THU THAP S
LIU-X/D TY L
CHO CAC N/N
LA CHON VAN
D U TIN D
GIAI QUYT
D XUAT
BIN PHAP
SA CHA
KIM TRA KT
QUA SA CHA
Biu d tn sut
(Histogram
chart)
Biu d Pareto
(Pareto chart)
Lu d
(Flowchart)
Biu d kim
soat (Control
chart)
LU D
FLOWCHART
LU D LA GI?
Lu d nh m chia nho tin trinh cng vic d mo i
ngi co th th y tin hanh cng vic ra sao va ai
(b phn nao) la m.
Lu d tin trinh, dc trinh bay theo dang hang va
ct , cho bit phai lam cai gi trong cng vi c va ai
chiu trach nhim cng vic do.
LI ICH
Tai liu hoa mt cach ro rang cac hanh dng cn
tin hanh;
Giup xa c dinh ca c dim thu thp cac s liu quan
trong;
Giup xa c dinh ca c dim y u;
Giup thng dat d dang.
54
XAY DNG LU D
Xa c dinh cac hanh dng bt du va cac hanh dng
kt thuc;
Xa c dinh cac nhn v t chinh tham gia;
Thng nht v m c d chi tit;
Chi lin quan dn cac hanh dng phai thc hin.
Lu d chi ra cai chung ta DANG LAM
ch khng phai cai NGHI RNG NN LAM
S DUNG
D kim soat cac tin trinh, nht la trong trng
hp thay di hoc cai tin tin trinh;
Giup ban d dang noi v cng vic cua minh vi
nhng ngi khac.
55
CAC KY HIU D VE LU D
Dim b t du, di m k t thuc
cua tin trinh
Mt b c (cng vic), thng
chi co mt mu i tn di ra
Kim tra-ra QD; thng co 2
mui tn chi hng di cua tin
trinh
Hng di, dong cng vi c
Tam ngng, lu kho tam thi
56
LIT K TH T CAC CNG VIC
Bc Vic gi? Ai lam? H s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
...
57
58
L y trng
Nu nc
Nc si?
Dung 3` Don trng
LU D LUC TRNG
Bo tr ng vao
nc si
Canh 3`
Vt trng Boc vo trng Dt vao dia
Y
N
Y
N
LU D MA TRAN
CUA QUY TRINH MUA HANG
B phn mua hang B phn k toan Thu kho
59
Tim nha cung
cp dt hang
Nhn hang
Thanh toan
Nhn Y/C
mua hang
Thu tuc
nhp kho
PHIU KIM TRA
Checksheet
Phiu Kim Tra La Gi?
La m t biu m u d thu thp s liu m t cach co h
thng co cac cach ghi hoc cac ky hiu kim tra dn
gian.
Li Ich
Thu thp s liu d d dang phn tich, s dung v sau.
Xy Dng Phiu Kim Tra
Biu m u dc trinh bay theo loai thng tin mun thu
thp. Lu y cac vn d sau:
Co vn d gi xa y ra? (WHAT happens?) Ai la m va
ai nhn s liu? (WHO?)
Xa y ra ni nao? (WHERE) luc nao? (WHEN)
Xa y ra nh th nao? (HOW)
S Dung
Luc nao cn thu thp s liu.
60
PHIU KI M TRA
Giai doan ki m tra: thanh phm
L san phm: 01
S lng san phm ki m tra: 100
Ngi ki m tra:
Ngay ki m tra:
Stt Loai khi m khuy t K t qua KT Cng
1 Vao c ///// ///// //// 14
2 Vao vai ///// 5
3 Ln lai /// 3
4 Lam khuy // 2
5 Lam tu i / 1
6 Ct /// 3
Cng 28
61
PHIEU KIEM TRA DANG SAI HONG
Thi gian t 01/01/2007 en 31/05/2007
So san pham kiem ta! 1000 "a#i
Ky
hie
u
Sai
ho ng
bo
pha n
So
SP
b
sai
ho n
g
Ta n so
t ch lu y
SP b sai
ho ng
T le
sai
ho ng
Ta n so
t ch lu y t
le sai
ho ng
A Va o co 87 87 31,1 31,1
B Va o vai 75 16 6,8 57,!
" #e n lai $% % 1$,3 7,1
& #a '
(huy
3% 3 1%,7 8,!
) #a '
tu i
5 57 8,! !1,8
* "a t 3 8% 8, 1%%
To ng co ng 8% 1%%

62
BIEU O PARETO
Y ngha ap dung
$ie% o& 'aeto phan a#nh "a#" ng%(e)n nha)n ta*o a
+an e&, *" sa-p .ep theo "a#" t/ 0e1 +a m#" o1
anh hng ta#" o1ng "%a "a#" ng%(e)n nha)n ga)( a
+an e&, 2%a o# gi%#p 3a*n a a "a#" 2%(et 4nh
kha-" ph%*" "a#" ng%(e)n nha)n mo1t "a#"h h5% hie1%6
Cac bc c ban e s dung bieu !
Pa"e#$
16 7a#" 4nh "a#" 0oa*i sai hong8
26 Sa-p .ep "a#" 0oa*i theo so 0*ng t 0#n nhat en
nho nhat8
36 T9nh ta&n so t9"h 0%5(8
%a&' dng bieu !
1/ :e hai t%*" t%ng, mo1t a&% +a mo1t "%oi t%*"
hoanh6
2/ T%*" 3e)n ta#i *" 4nh "5 theo n +4 o, t%*" 3e)n
phai t9nh t( 0e1 t 0 en 100;6
3/ <e5 "a#" "o1t "hie&% "ao6
=/ >a1p ng ta&n so t9"h 0%5(6
S! dung
7a#" 4nh "a#" +an e& 2%an to*ng nhat e "ai tien
63
BIU PARETO
87
75
40
30
25
23
31%
58%
72%
83%
92%
100%
-20
30
80
130
180
230
280
A B C D E F
S
L

N
G
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
P
H
N

T
R

M

T

C
H

L
Y
64
PHIEU KIEM TRA
NGUYE"N NHA"N #$U KIE%N #& TRA
'AI (EP THEO TH$) T$
Ky
hie
u
Sai ho ng bo pha n So
la n
Ta n
so
t ch
lu y
T
le
ng+
nha
n
Ta n
so
t ch
lu y t
le
1 So ,anh 'u c sai 58 58 3, 3,
o i gia (ho ng tho ng
ba o
$7 1%5 18,8 $,%
3 #o i ch nh ta te n ng i
nha n
$3 1$8 17, 5!,
$ "h vie t (ho ng -o 31 17! 1,$ 71,6
5 Sai ve so l ng $ %3 !,6 81,
6 Sai ve gia tie n 17 % 6,8 88,%
7 Kha ch ie n te n ha ng
(ho ng -o
13 33 5, !3,
8 a ch (ho ng u ng 1% $3 $,% !7,
! a nh nha ' so 7 5% ,8 1%%
To ng co ng 5% 1%%
65