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1C - Met
CH3 - :
Metyl
2C Et
C2H5- :
Etyl
3C Prop
CH3CH2CH2- :
Propyl
4C But
(CH3)3C - :
Isopropyl
5C Pent
CH3CH2CH2CH2 - :
6C Hex
CH3CH(CH3)CH2 - : Isobutyl
7C Hept
CH2 = CH - :
8C Oct
9C Non
C6H5 - :
Phenyl
10C ec
C6H5CH2 - :
Benzyl
Butyl
Vinyl
ANKAN ( parafin)
1, Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC )
a, Danh php thay th :
S ch v tr - tn nhnh
1
VD :
( nu c)
3
Tn mch chnh
an
VD:
Cng thc cu to
CH4
CH3CH3
CH3-CH2 -CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3
Isobuan
Isopentan
Neopentan
2,2 - imetylpropan
AN KEN ( olefin)
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC) Danh php thay th :
S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
1
Tn mch chnh
S ch v tr - en
2- Metylbut 1 en
Etilen
Pent 2 en
--
ANKAIEN ( iolefin)
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC): Tn thay th
S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
1
Tn mch chnh
S ch v tr - ien
Butaien( ivinyl)
Isopen
ANKIN
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC)
S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
1
Tn mch chnh
S ch v tr - in
Cng thc cu to
CH CH
CH3C CH
CH3CH2C CH
CH3 C C CH3
CH3-CH2(CH3)C CH
CH3CH2CH2C CH
CH3C C CH2CH3
ANKYL BENZEN
CH3
CH3
S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c) CH
Benzen
CH3
C7H8
p - xilen
CH3
Toluen
m - xilen
CH3
CH3
o - xilen
C8H10 Xilen
Tn thng
Benzen
Toluen
Tn thay th
Benzen
Metylbenzen
Etytbenzen
isopropylbenzen
1,2 - imetylbenzen
Vinylbenzen
Cumen
o - xilen
Stiren
ANCOL
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC): Danh php thay th
S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu2 c) 1
4
3
Tnhircacbon
theo mch chnh
S ch v tr - ol
Cng thc cu to
CH3OH
CH3CH2OH
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
CH3CH (OH)CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
CH3CH2CH(CH3)OH
CH2 =CHCH2OH
CH2(OH) CH2(OH)
CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2OH
C6H5CH2OH
Lu : C6H5OH
Phenol
ANEHIT
1, Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC): Danh php thay th
S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
4
VD :
Tnhircacbon
theo mch chnh
S ch v tr - al
Cng thc cu to
HCHO
CH3CHO
CH3CH2CHO
CH3(CH2)2CHO
CH3(CH2)3CHO
C6H5CHO
OHC - CHO
(propionanehit)
Anehit butiric(butiranehit)
Anehit valeric(valeranehit)
Anehit bezoic(benzanehit)
Anehit oxalic
AXIT CACBOXYLIC
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC): Tn thay th
S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
4
VD :
Tnhircacbon
theo mch chnh
S ch v tr - oic
Cng thc cu to
HCOOH
CH3COOH
CH3CH2COOH
CH3(CH2)2COOH
CH3(CH2)3COOH
C6H5COOH
CH2=CHCOOH
CH2=C(CH3)COOH
CH15H31COOH
C17H35COOH
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
HOOC - COOH
Axit etanionic