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DANH PHP HP CHT HU C

- T HA HC Trng THPT LC NGN S 11.Tn mch chnh

2.Tn gc Hircacbon thng gp

1C - Met

CH3 - :

Metyl

2C Et

C2H5- :

Etyl

3C Prop

CH3CH2CH2- :

Propyl

4C But

(CH3)3C - :

Isopropyl

5C Pent

CH3CH2CH2CH2 - :

6C Hex

CH3CH(CH3)CH2 - : Isobutyl

7C Hept

CH2 = CH - :

8C Oct

CH2 = CH CH2 - : Alnyl

9C Non

C6H5 - :

Phenyl

10C ec

C6H5CH2 - :

Benzyl

Butyl
Vinyl

ANKAN ( parafin)
1, Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC )
a, Danh php thay th :

S ch v tr - tn nhnh
1

VD :

( nu c)
3

Tn mch chnh

an

CH3 - CH(CH3)- CH2 CH2 CH3 2 Metylpentan


2, Danh php thng

VD:

CH3 CH(CH3) CH3 Isobutan


CH3- CH(CH3)- CH2- CH3 Isopentan
CH3 C (CH3)2 CH3 Neopentan
Bng 1: Danh php ca mt s ankan thng gp

Cng thc cu to
CH4
CH3CH3
CH3-CH2 -CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3

Danh php thng

CH3 C(CH3)2 - CH3

Isobuan
Isopentan

Danh php thay th


Metan
Etan
Propan
Butan
2- Metylpropan
2-Metylbutan

Neopentan

2,2 - imetylpropan

AN KEN ( olefin)
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC) Danh php thay th :

S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
1

Tn mch chnh

S ch v tr - en

VD: CH2 = C(CH3) - CH2 CH3

2- Metylbut 1 en

2. Danh php thng


Tn Ankan tng ng i ui an thnh ui ilen
VD : CH2 = CH2

Etilen

CH3 - CH = CH2 Propilen

Bng 2: Danh php ca mt s anken thng gp


Cng thc cu to
CH2 = CH2
CH3CH = CH2
CH3-CH2 CH = CH2
CH3 C(CH3) = CH2
CH3- CH2 CH2 - CH = CH2

Danh php thng


Etilen
Propilen
Butilen
Isobutilen

Danh php thay th


Eten
Propen
But 1- en
2- Metylpropan
Pent 1 en

CH3- CH2 CH= CH CH3

Pent 2 en

--

ANKAIEN ( iolefin)
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC): Tn thay th

S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
1

Tn mch chnh

S ch v tr - ien

VD: CH2 = C(CH)3 CH = CH2

2 Metyl But -1,3 ien

2, Danh php thng


CH2 = C(CH)3 CH = CH2 Isopren

CH2 = CH CH = CH2 Butaien (ivinyl)

Bng 3: Danh php ca mt s ankaien thng gp


Cng thc cu to
CH2 = C = CH2
CH2 = C = CH CH3
CH2 = CH- CH= CH2
CH2 = CH(CH3) CH = CH2
CH2 = CH(CH2 )2CH = CH2
CH2 = C(CH3) CH2CH = CH2

Danh php thng


anlen

Danh php thay th


Propien
Buta 1,2 - ien
Buta 1,3- ien
2 Metylbuta -1,3- ien
Penta -1,4, - ien
2- Metyl penta -1,4, - ien

Butaien( ivinyl)
Isopen

ANKIN
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC)

Danh php thay th

S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
1

Tn mch chnh

S ch v tr - in

VD : CH = C CH (CH3) CH3 3- Metylbut 1 in


2. Danh php thng
CH = CH Axetien

CH= C CH3 Metyl axetilen


Bng 4: Danh php ca mt s ankin thng gp

Cng thc cu to
CH CH
CH3C CH
CH3CH2C CH
CH3 C C CH3
CH3-CH2(CH3)C CH
CH3CH2CH2C CH
CH3C C CH2CH3

Danh php thng


Axetilen
Metyl axetilen

Danh php thay th


Etin
Propin
But 1 in
But 2 in
3 Metylbut 1 in
Pent 1 in
Pent 2 in

LU : CH C CH = CH2 vinyl axetilen

ANKYL BENZEN

CH3

1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC)


Danh php Tn thay th : Khi coi mch chnh l vng Benzen

VD : C6H5 CH3 Metyl Benzen

CH3

S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c) CH

Benzen

CH3

C6H5 C2H5 Etyl Benzen


2. Danh php thng
C6H6 Benzen

C7H8

p - xilen

CH3

Toluen

m - xilen

CH3

CH3
o - xilen

C8H10 Xilen

Bng 5: Danh php ca mt s hidrocacbon thm thng gp


Cng thc cu to
C6H6
C6H5 CH3
C6H5-C2H5
C6H5-CH(CH3)2
1,2 CH3-C6H4-CH3
C6H5- CH = CH2

Tn thng
Benzen
Toluen

Tn thay th
Benzen
Metylbenzen
Etytbenzen
isopropylbenzen
1,2 - imetylbenzen
Vinylbenzen

Cumen
o - xilen
Stiren

ANCOL
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC): Danh php thay th

S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu2 c) 1
4
3

Tnhircacbon
theo mch chnh

S ch v tr - ol

VD : CH3- CH(CH3) - CH2- CH2 OH 3- Metylbutan 1- ol


2. Danh php thng
VD : CH3OH ancol Metylic

C2H5OH ancol Etylic


Bng 6: Danh php ca mt s ancol thng gp

Cng thc cu to
CH3OH
CH3CH2OH
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
CH3CH (OH)CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
CH3CH2CH(CH3)OH
CH2 =CHCH2OH
CH2(OH) CH2(OH)
CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2OH
C6H5CH2OH

Lu : C6H5OH

Danh php thng


Ancol metylic
Ancol etylic
Ancol propylic
Ancol isopropylic
Ancol butylic
Ancol isobutylic
Ancol anlylic
Etilenglicol
Glixerol
Ancol bezylic

Phenol

Danh php thay th


Metanol
Etanol
Propan 1 ol
Propan 2 ol
Butan 1 ol
Butan 2 ol
Etan 1,2- iol
Propan 1,2,3 -triol

1,2 (CH3)C6H4OH o-crezol

ANEHIT
1, Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC): Danh php thay th

S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
4

VD :

Tnhircacbon
theo mch chnh

CH3- CH(CH3)- CH2 CHO 3- Metyl butanal

2. Danh php thng


Anehit + tn axit tng ng
HCHO : Anehit fomic

CH3CHO : Anehit axtic


Bng 7: Danh php ca mt s anehit thng gp

S ch v tr - al

Cng thc cu to
HCHO
CH3CHO
CH3CH2CHO

Danh php thng


Anehit fomic(fomanehit)
Anehit axetic(axetanehit)
Anehit propionic

CH3(CH2)2CHO
CH3(CH2)3CHO
C6H5CHO
OHC - CHO

(propionanehit)
Anehit butiric(butiranehit)
Anehit valeric(valeranehit)
Anehit bezoic(benzanehit)
Anehit oxalic

Danh php thay th


Metanal
Etanal
Propanal
Butanal
Pentanal

AXIT CACBOXYLIC
1. Danh php quc t( Danh php IUPAC): Tn thay th

S ch v tr - tn nhnh
( nu c)
4

VD :

Tnhircacbon
theo mch chnh

S ch v tr - oic

CH3- CH(CH3)- CH2 COOH Axit 3- Metyl butanoic

2. Danh php thng


VD :

HCOOH : Axit fomic

CH3COOH : Axit Axtic


Bng 8: Danh php ca mt s axit cacboxylic thng gp

Cng thc cu to
HCOOH
CH3COOH
CH3CH2COOH
CH3(CH2)2COOH
CH3(CH2)3COOH
C6H5COOH
CH2=CHCOOH
CH2=C(CH3)COOH
CH15H31COOH
C17H35COOH
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
HOOC - COOH

Danh php thng


Axit fomic
Axit axetic
Axit propionic
Axit butiric
Axit valeric
Axit benzoic
Axit acrylic
Axit metacrylic
Axit panmitic
Axit stearic
Axit oleic
Anehitoxalic

Danh php thay th


Axit metanoic
Axit etanoic
Axit propanoic
Axit butanaoic
Axit pentanoic
Axit benzoic
Axit propenoic
Axit 2- metylpropenoic

Axit etanionic

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