Bng i xng (Bng chiu)

Bng i xng chnh l kt qu ca hin tng phn xa nh sng xy ra trong thin nhin - cn c gi l bng chiu hay bng nc.

iu kin vt th c bng chiu hon ton i xng l: mt nc phi tht phng, tht lng sng v phn x nhiu nh sng . Ch c gng soi mi tha mn c cc iu kin , cn mt nc, mt sn, mt ng... phn x yu hn nn ch m bo s i xng v hnh ch khng ph nh ng sc v r nt ca vt. Bng chiu lc ny nhn chung l km sng v km r so vi vt thc. Gp trng hp mt nc b xao ng, chu vi ca bng chiu b dao ng theo s bin thnh nhng ng sng ln ln tn ko di lm hnh dng ca bng chiu s bi mo m, ph v quan h i xng gia bng v vt, dn n hu qu b xa i mt phn hay ton phn. Khi mt nc gn ln tn qu nhiu hoc c sng to th khng cn lmt gng phng v bng nc cng khng xut hin.

 hnh 1, khi mt nc phng lng th tia sng pht ra t A ch phn x ti mt ch mt im, v cho thy mt nh c nht l A'. Lc mt nc hi dao ng, mi gn sng nh c hp thnh bi nhiu mt gng nghing cho thy nhiu nh ca A cao hn hay thp hn A' v kt thnh mt chui lung linh theo phng thng ng.

Mun chp bui chiu i xng cho p v sinh ng, ngi chp cn ch : - V tr quan st v t my bao gio cng cao hn mt nc.

- iu th v l c nhng chi tit ta nhn thy vt nhng khng thy nh, tri li qua nh ta li thy nhng phn khut ca vt soi bng.

hnh 2, chic nn p trn cc gia ao cho thy bng l mt chic nn nga, lm hin r cc vnh nn, lc nhn t trn cao l nhng chi tit b che khut S sai lch gia nh v vt cng r rt hn nu v tr quan st cng cao v cng gn i tng. im nhn cao lm tng khong cch gia mt nc v mt phng tm mt khin cc hnh i xng c chiu hng bin dng. im nhn gn lm tng kch thc gc ca vt, nu gp c thm bng pha di th kch tht gc cng ln.

S dng knh phn cc (Polarize filter) chnh gia trc ngm vi mt phng cha i tng mt gc gn bng 37 kh bt nhng nh phn chiu kh chu ng thi lm mu xanh lam ca bu tri sm thm m khng lm hng cc mu khc. Nhn theo quan im to hnh th bng phn chiu d trng thi tnh hay ng u gp phn lm duyn cho cnh vt. Bn h nc, khung cnh trong bc nh nh c nhn i, khng gian nh c cao hn, rng thm v giu yu t biu cm hn. Trn mt bng kin trc c Vit Nam hu nh cc ngi nh, cha lun c xy dng km mt h nc nh c th bo, trng sen ch yu to thm bng thp thong ca cng trnh, va lm tng v b th, va giu cht th. Trong nhip nh, nhng th loi phong cnh, kin trc... c km theo bng nc i xng biu hin kh r trng thi khng gian v cm xc: dng tnh nh gi s m , thanh bnh, dng ng nh khi gi s xao xuyn, bung khun ta nh nhng ln gi thm th nh thc ni ngi thng ngon lng yu qu v thc gn gi v p ca thin nhin.