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GI O TR NH

LI NI U


1
MC LC

TT Ni dung Trang
1 Li ta .................................................................................... 2
2 Li ni u...................................................................... ......... 3
3 Mc lc....................................................................... ............. 4
4 Gii thiu v mn hc........................................ ................. 5
5 S quan h theo trnh t hc ngh............................... 7
6 Cc hnh thc hot ng hc tp chnh trong mnhc......... 9
7 Bi 1: Khi nim chung v bn v in............................ 11
8 Bi 2: Cc k hiu qui c dng trong bn v in............ 23
9 Bi 3: V s in........................................................ 78
12 Ti liu tham kho........................................................... 141
2
GII THIU
V in l mt trong nhng m un c s thuc nhm ngh in in t dn
dng v cng nghip. M un ny c ngha b tr cn thit cho cc m un/ mn
hc chuyn mn khc. Sau khi hc tp m un ny, hc vin c kin thc c s
c, phn tch v thc hin cc bn v, s in chuyn ngnh hc tp tip cc
m un/ mn hc chuyn mn nh: My in, Cung cp in, K thut lp t in,
Trang b in 1, Trang b in 2...
M un ny phi c hc ngay hc k u tin song song vi cc m un
in k thut, An ton lao ng...
Mc tiu ca m un:
Sau khi hon tt m un ny, hc vin c nng lc:
Vn dng cc nguyn tc, tiu chun qui c ca v in c, phn tch cc s
in thuc cc lnh vc nh : chiu sng, cung cp in, trang b in, in t dn
dng v cng nghip... Thc hin hon chnh cc dng bn v trn theo yu cu cho
trc.
Mc tiu thc hin ca m un:
Hc xong m un ny, hc vin c nng lc:
- V v nhn dng c cc k hiu in, cc k hiu mt bng xy dng trn
bn v in theo TCVN v Tiu chun Quc t (IEC).
- Thc hin bn v in theo tiu chun Vit Nam v tiu chun Quc t.
- V, c c cc bn v in chiu sng; bn v lp t in; cung cp in;
s mch in t ...
- Phn tch c cc bn v in thi cng ng nh thit k.
- D tr c khi lng vt t cn thit phc v qu trnh thi cng.
- ra phng n thi cng ph hp, thi cng ng vi thit k k thut.
Ni dung chnh ca m un:
a. Cc k hiu in, k hiu mt bng xy dng.
b. Cc nguyn tc c bn v v c mt bn v in.
c. Cc tiu chun qui c c dng trong bn v.
d. K hiu in theo TCVN 1613 - 75 n TCVN 1639 - 75, k hiu mt bng
xy dng theo tiu chun TCVN 185 - 74.
e. Nguyn tc trnh by bn v theo Tiu chun Quc t (IEC).
f. Cc nguyn tc chuyn i t s nguyn l sang s ni dy v ngc
li.
3
g. Cch phn tch s n tuyn d tr vt t v xut phng n thi
cng.
M un ny bao gm 3 bi hc sau:
BI 1: Khi nim chung v bn v in.
BI 2: V cc k hiu qui c dng trong bn v in.
BI 3: V s in.


4
BI 1
KHI NIM CHUNG V BN V IN
Gii thiu
Bn v in l mt trong nhng phn khng th thiu trong hot ng ngh
nghip ca ngnh in ni chung v ca ngi th in cng nghip ni ring. thc
hin c mt bn v th khng th b qua cc cng c cng nh nhng qui c mang
tnh qui phm ca ngnh ngh.
y l tin ti cn thit cho vic tip thu, thc hin cc bn v theo nhng tiu
chun hin hnh.
1.1 QUI C TRNH BY BN V
1.1.1 Vt liu dng c v
a. Giy v:
Trong v in thng s dng cc loi giy v sau y:
- Giy v tinh.
- Giy bng m.
- Giy k li.
b. Bt ch:
- H: loi cng: t 1H, 2H, 3H ... n 9H. Loi ny thng dng v nhng
ng c yu cu sc nt cao.
- HB: loi c cng trung bnh, loi ny thng s dng do cng va phi
v to c m cn thit cho nt v.
- B: loi mm: t 1B, 2B, 3B ... n 9B. Loi ny thng dng v nhng
ng c yu cu m cao. Khi s dng lu trnh bi ch lm bn bn
v.
c. Thc v:
Trong v in, s dng cc loi thc sau y:
Thc dp: Di (3050) cm, dng k nhng on thng (hnh 1.1a).
Thc ch T: Dng xc nh cc im thng hng, hay khong cch nht
nh no theo ng chun c trc (hnh 1.1b).
Thc rp trn: Dng v nhanh cc ng trn, cung trn khi khng quan
tm lm v kch thc ca ng trn, cung trn (hnh 1.1c).
Eke: Dng xc nh cc im vung gc, song song (hnh 1.1d).


5
































a. Thc dp
b. Thc ch T
c. Thc rp trn
d. E ke
HNH 1.1: CC LOI THC DNG TRONG V IN
6
d. Cc cng c khc:
Compa, ty, khn lau, bng dnh
1.1.2 Kh giy
Tng t nh v k thut, v in cng thng s dng cc kh giy sau:
- Kh A0: c kch thc 841x1189.
- Kh A1: c kch thc 594x841.
- Kh A2: c kch thc 420x594.
- Kh A3: c kch thc 297x420.
- Kh A4: c kch thc 210x297.
T kh giy A0 c th chia ra cc kh giy A1, A2... nh hnh 1.2.






















1189
A4
A1
A2
A3
8
4
1

HNH 1.2: QUAN H CC KH GIY
7
1.1.3 Khung tn
a. V tr khung tn trong bn v
Khung tn trong bn v c t gc phi, pha di ca bn v nh hnh 1.3.














b. Thnh phn v kch thc khung tn
Khung tn trong bn v in c 2 tiu chun khc nhau ng vi cc kh giy nh
sau:
- i vi kh giy A2, A3, A4: Ni dung v kch thc khung tn nh hnh 1.4.
- i vi kh giy A1, A0: Ni dung v kch thc khung tn nh hnh 1.5.
c. Ch vit trong khung tn
Ch vit trong khung tn c qui c nh sau:
- Tn trng: Ch IN HOA h = 5mm (h l chiu cao ca ch).
- Tn khoa: Ch IN HOA h = 2,5mm.
- Tn bn v: Ch IN HOA h = (7 10)mm.
- Cc mc cn li: c th s dng ch hoa hoc ch thng h = 2,5mm.




25
KHUNG TN
5
5

5

HINH 1.3: V TR KHUNG TN TRONG BN V
8




























1.1.4 Ch vit trong bn v in
Ch vit trong bn v in c qui c nh sau:
- C th vit ng hay vit nghing 75
0
.
- Chiu cao kh ch h = 14; 10; 7; 3,5; 2,5 (mm).
TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

T. HIN
KHOA IN
T L:
S:
TN BN V
25 30
3
0

1
0

1
0

1
0

HNH 1.5: NI DUNG V KCH THC KHUNG TN DNG CHO BN V
KH GIY A1, A0
BI TP
TNG HP
H. DN DUYT
25 25
220
TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

LP:
NGI V:
NGY V:
NGY K.TRA:
KHOA IN
T L:
S:
TN BN V
40 70 40
1
0

1
0

1
0

1
0

1
0

HNH 1.4: NI DUNG V KCH THC KHUNG TN DNG CHO BN V
KH GIY A2, A3, A4
9
- Chiu cao:
- Ch hoa = h;
- Ch thng c nt s (h, g, b, l...) = h;
- Ch thng khng c nt s (a,e,m...) =
7
5
h;
- Chiu rng:
- Ch hoa v s =
7
5
h;
Ngoi tr A, M =
7
6
h; s 1 =
7
2
h; w =
7
8
h, J =
7
4
h, I =
7
1
h;
- Ch thng =
7
4
h;
Ngoi tr w,m = h; ch j, l, r =
7
3
h;
- B rng nt ch, s =
7
1
h;
1.1.5 ng nt
Trong v in thng s dng cc dng ng nt sau (bng 1.1):
1.1.6 Cch ghi kch thc.
Thnh phn ghi kch thc:
- ng ging kch thc: v bng nt lin mnh v vung gc vi ng
bao.
- ng ghi kch thc: v bng nt lin mnh v song song vi ng
bao, cch ng bao t 710mm.
- Mi tn: nm trn ng ghi kch thc, u mi tn chm st vo ng
ging, mi tn phi nhn v thon.


Bng 1.1
TT Loi ng nt M t Tiu chun
1 Nt c bn (nt lin
m)
b = (0,2 0,5)mm

2 Nt lin mnh
b1 =
3
b

b

b
1

10

3 Nt t

b1 =
2
b

4 Nt chm gch
mnh


b1 =
3
b

5 Nt chm gch m

b1 = b
6 Nt ln sng

b1 =
3
b


Cch ghi kch thc:
Trn bn v kch thc ch c ghi mt ln.
i vi hnh v b, thiu ch ghi kch thc cho php ko di ng ghi
kch thc, con s kch thc ghi bn phi, mi tn c th v bn ngoi.
- Con s kch thc: Ghi dc theo ng knh hc v khong gia, con s
nm trn ng knh thc v cch mt on khong 1.5mm.
- i vi cc gc c th nm ngang.
- ghi kch thc mt gc hay mt cung, ng ghi kch thc l mt cung
trn.
- ng trn: Trc con s kch thc ghi thm du u.
- Cung trn: trc con s kch thc ghi ch R.
Lu chung:
- S ghi ln khng ph thuc vo ln ca hnh v.
- n v chiu di: tnh bng mm, khng cn ghi thm n v trn hnh v (tr
trng hp s dng n v khc qui c th phi ghi thm).
- n v chiu gc: tnh bng (
0
).
1.1.7 Cch gp bn v
Cc bn v khi thc hin xong, cn phI gp li a vo tp h s lu tr
thun tin cho vic qun l v s dng.
Cc bn v ln hn A4, cn gp v kh giy ny thun tin lu tr, di chuyn
n cng trng... Khi gp phi a khung tn ra ngoi khi s dng khng b lng
tng v khng mt thi gian tm kim.
b
1

b
1

b
1

b
1

11

1.2 CC TIU CHUN CA BN V IN
Hin nay c rt nhiu tiu chun v in khc nhau nh: tiu chun Quc t, tiu
chun Chu u, tiu chun Nht Bn, tiu chun Lin X (c), tiu chun Vit Nam...
Ngoi ra cn c cc tiu chun ring ca tng hng, tng nh sn xut, phn phi sn
phm.
Nhn chung cc tiu chun ny khng khc nhau nhiu, cc k hiu in c s
dng gn ging nhau, ch khc nhau phn ln k t i km (ting Anh, Php, Nga,
Vit...).
Trong ni dung ti liu ny s gii thiu trng tm l k hiu in theo tiu
chun Vit Nam v c i chiu, so snh vi tiu chun Quc t mt s dng mch.

1.2.1 Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN)
Cc k hiu in c p dng theo TCVN 1613 75 n 1639 75, cc k
hiu mt bng th hin theo TCVN 185 74. Theo TCVN bn v thng c th
hin dng s theo hng ngang v cc k t i km lun l cc k t vit tt t
thut ng ting Vit (hnh 1.6).

















HNH 1.6: S IN TH HIN THEO TIU CHUN VIT NAM
N
K1
K2
CC
~
1
2
K3
CD
OC
12
Ch thch:
CD: Cu dao; CC: Cu ch; K: Cng tc;
: n; OC: cm in;

1.2.2 Tiu chun Quc t (IEC)
Trong IEC, k t i km theo k hiu in thng dng l k t vit tt t thut
ng ting Anh v s thng c th hin theo ct dc (hnh 1.7)
Ch thch:
SW (source switch): Cu dao; F (fuse): Cu ch;
S (Switch): Cng tc; L (Lamp; Load): n



















CU HI CNG C BI HC
1.1 Nu cng dng v m t cch s dng cc loi dng c cn thit cho vic thc
hin bn v in.
HNH 1.7: S IN TH HIN THEO TIU CHUN QUC T
N
S1
S2
F
~
L1
L2
5
S3
SW
13
1.2 Nu kch thc cc kh giy v A3 v A4?
1.3 Giy v kh A0 th c th chia ra c bao nhiu giy v c kh A1, A2, A3,
A4?
1.4 Cho bit kch thc v ni dung ca khung tn c dng trong bn v kh A3,
A4?
1.5 Cho bit kch thc v ni dung ca khung tn c dng trong bn v kh A0,
A1?
1.6 Cho bit qui c v ch vit dng trong bn v in?
1.7 Trong bn v in c my loi ng nt? c im ca tng ng nt?
1.8 Cho bit cch ghi kch thc i vi on thng, ng cong trong bn v in?
1.9 Cn phng c kch thc (4x12)m. Hy v v biu din cc cch ghi con s kch
thc cho cn phng trn.
1.10 Cho bit s khc nhau c bn ca TCVN v IEC? Mun chuyn i bn v biu
din theo TCVN sang IEC c khng? Nu c, cho bit trnh t thc hin?


14

BI 2
V CC K HIU QUI C DNG TRONG BN V IN
Gii thiu
Trong bn v, tt c cc thit b, kh c in u c th hin di dng nhng
k hiu qui c (theo mt tiu chun no ). Vic nm bt, vn dng v khai thc
chnh xc cc k hiu hon thnh mt bn v l yu cu c bn, ti thiu mang tnh
tin quyt i vi ngi th cng nh cn b k thut cng tc trong ngnh in - in
t.
lm c iu th vic nhn dng, tm hiu, v chnh xc cc k hiu qui
c l mt yu cu trng tm. N l tin cho vic phn tch, tip thu v thc hin
cc s mch in, in t dn dng v cng nghip.
2.1 V CC K HIU PHNG C V MT BNG XY DNG
Cc chi tit ca mt cn phng, mt mt bng xy dng thng dng trong v
in c th hin trong bng 2.1.
BNG 2.1
STT Tn gi K hiu Ghi ch
1. Tng nh
2. Ca ra vo 1 cnh


3. Ca ra vo 2 cnh


4. Ca gp, ca ko


5. Ca la 1 cnh, 2
cnh





6. Ca s n khng
m






5
15
7. Ca s kp khng
m





8. Ca s n bn l
bn tri m ra ngoi






9. Ca s n bn l
bn phi m vo
trong








10. Ca s n quay







11. Cu thang 1 cnh


- Cu thang
c th hin
bi hnh chiu
bng.
- Bao gm:
cnh, bc
thang v ch
ngh.
- Hng i ln
th hin bng
ng gy
khc: chm
trn bc u
tin, mi tn
bc cui cng.
12. Cu thang 2 cnh




13. Cu thang 3 cnh




16
14. Bp un than ci:
- Khng ng khi

- C ng khi






15. Bp hi:
- Hai ngn

- Bn ngn

16. Phng tm ring
tng ngi:
- St tng

- Khng st tng

17. Bn tm
18. Phng tm hoa sen


19. H nc
20. Sn nc
21. Chu ra mt


17
22. H x


2.2 V CC K HIU IN TRONG S IN CHIU SNG
2.2.1 Ngun in
Cc dng ngun in v cc k hiu lin quan c qui nh trong TCVN 1613-
75; thng dng cc k hiu ph bin sau (bng 2.2):
Bng 2.2
STT Tn gi K hiu Ghi ch
1. Dng in 1 chiu
2. Dng in 1 chiu 2
ng dy c in p
U

3. Dng in AC sine
4. Dy trung tnh N, O
5. Mng in 3 pha 4
dy
3~ + N
6. Dng in xoay
chiu c s pha m,
tn s f v in p U
m~, f, U

7. Cc dy pha ca
mng in 3 pha
A/L1; B/L2; C/L3
Thng dng
mu: A vng;
B xanh; C

8. Hai dy dn khng
ni nhau v in

9. Hai dy dn ni nhau
v in

10. Ni t
11. Ni v my, ni
mass

DC;
AC;
2 U
18
12. Dy ni hnh sao


13. Dy ni hnh sao c
dy trung tnh



14. Dy qun 3 pha ni
hnh sao kp
- Khng c trung
tnh a ra ngoi
- C dy trung tnh
a ra ngoi

15. Dy qun 3 pha ni
hnh tam gic

16. Dy qun 3 pha ni
hnh tam gic kp

17. Dy qun 3 pha ni
hnh tam gic h

18. Dy qun 6 pha ni
thnh 2 hnh sao
ngc
- Khng c dy trung
tnh a ra ngoi
- C dy trung tnh
a ra ngoi

19. Dy qun 2 pha 4
dy
- Khng c dy trung
tnh
- C dy trung tnh






19
2.2.2 n in v thit b dng in
Cc dng n in v cc thit b lin quan dng trong chiu sng c qui nh
trong TCVN 1613-75; thng dng cc k hiu ph bin sau (bng 2.3):
Bng 2.3
STT Tn gi K hiu
Trn s nguyn l Trn s v tr
1. L in tr


2. L h quang


3. L cm ng


4. L in phn


5. My in phn
bng t


6. Chung in


7. Qut trn, qut treo
tng



8. n si t


9. n hunh quang


10. n nung sng c
chp



11. n chiu su c
chp trng men



12. n c bng trng
gng



u(6 - 8)
(3 - 4)
(8 - 10)
20


13. $ n thy ngn c
p lc cao





14. n chng nc v
bi



15. n chng n
khng chp



16. n chng n c
chp



17. n chng ha cht
n mn



18. n chiu nghing


19. n t st tng
hoc st trn



20. n chiu sng cc
b


21. n chiu sng cc
b v c my gim
p.



22. n chm hunh
quang


23. n tn hiu



2.2.3 Thit b ng ct, bo v
Cc thit b ng ct, bo v trong mng gia dng v cc thit b lin quan dng
trong chiu sng c qui nh trong TCVN 1615-75, TCVN 1623-75; thng dng
cc k hiu ph bin sau (bng 2.4):
21
Bng 2.4
STT Tn gi K hiu
Trn s nguyn l Trn s v tr
1. Cu dao 1 pha
2. Cu dao 1 pha 2 ng
(cu dao o 1 pha)

3. Cu dao 3 pha


4. Cu dao 3 pha 2 ng
(cu dao o 3 pha)



5. Cng tc 2 cc:
6. Cng tc 3 cc:
7. Cng tc xoay 4
cc:



8. cm in
- Kiu thng.
- Kiu kn



9. cm in c cc
th 3 ni t

10. cm in 3 cc

11. Aptomat 1 pha




22
12. Aptomat 3 pha
13. Cu ch


14. Nt bm
- Thng m.
- Thng ng.




15. Hp s qut trn


16. Bng, t iu khin


17. Bng phn phi in

18. T phn phi (ng
lc v nh sng)




19. Hp ni dy
20. Bng chiu sng lm
vic

21. Bng chiu sng s
c



2.2.4 Thit b o lng
Cc thit b thng dng cho trong bng 2.5
Bng 2.5
STT Tn gi K hiu Ghi ch
1. Am pe k
2. Volt k
A
V
23
3. Ohm k
4. Cos k
5. Pha k
6. Tn s k
7. Watt k


8. VAr k


9. in k




2.3 V CC K HIU IN TRONG S IN CNG NGHIP
2.3.1 Cc loi my in
Cc loi my in quay v my bin p, cun khng c qui c theo TCVN
1614-75 v TCVN 1619-75; thng dng cc k hiu ph bin sau (bng 2.6):

Bng 2.6
STT Tn gi K hiu
Trn s nguyn l Trn s v tr, s
n tuyn
1. My bin p cch ly 1
pha





W
VAr
Wh kWh
O
cos

Hz
u8
24
2. My bin p t ngu






3. Bin p t ngu hai
dy qun mt li st
t



4. My bin p Y/Y 3
pha 1 v





5. My bin p Y/Y 3
pha 1 v, th cp c
dy trung tnh



6. My bin p A/Y 3
pha 1 v





7. My bin p A/Y 3
pha 1 v, th cp c
dy trung tnh



8. My bin p Y/Y 3
pha t hp





9. My bin p A/Y 3
pha t hp





10. Cun cm, cun

Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
A
Y
A
Y
A
Y
A
Y
25
Dy qun stator
Roto
khng khng li
11. Cun cm, cun
khng c li st t


12. Cun cm c li ferit

13. Cun cm, cun
khng kp



14. Cun cm thay i
c thng s bng
tip xc trt



15. Cun cm c thng s
bin thin lin tc



16. ng c khng ng
b 3 pha rotor lng
sc







17. ng c khng ng
b 3 pha rotor dy
qun







18. My in ng b





19. My in mt chiu

+
~
26
kch t c lp

20. My in mt chiu
kch t song song




21. My in mt chiu
kch t ni tip



22. My in mt chiu
kch t hn hp






23. ng c y


24. ng c 1 pha kiu
in dung




25. ng c 1 pha khi
ng bng ni tr




26. ng c 1 pha khi
ng bng vng ngn
mch




2.3.2 Cc loi thit b ng ct, iu khin
Cc loi kh c in dng trong iu khin in cng nghip c qui c theo
TCVN 1615-75 v TCVN 1623-75; thng dng cc k hiu ph bin sau (bng 2.7):
Bng 2.7
27
STT Tn gi K hiu Ghi ch
1. Cun dy rle, cng
tc t, khi ng t.
a. K hiu chung.

b. Cun dy rle
dng.
c. Cun dy rle qu
dng.
d. Cun dy rle p
e. Cun dy rle km
p.
f. Cun dy rle c
in tr 200O.











- Trn cng 1 s
ch s dng 1
dng k hiu
thng nht.

2. Rle, cng tc t, khi
ng t c 2 cun dy


3. Cun dy rle in t
c ghi tr hon thi
gian cun dy:
a. C chm tr khi
ht vo.
b. C chm tr khi
nh ra.
c. Chm tr khi ht
vo v nh ra.


4. Phn t t nng ca
r le nhit



I
I >
U <
200
U
28
5. Cun dy rle so lch


6. Cun dy rle khng
,lm vic vi dng AC



7. Nt n khng t gi.
a. Thng m.
b. Thng kn.



- Bung tay ra s
tr v trng thi
ban u.
8. Nt n t gi
a. Thng m.
b. Thng kn.

c. i ni



- T gi trng thi
tc ng khi
bung tay ra.
9. Nt bm lin ng



10. Cng tc hnh trnh
a. Thng m.
b. Thng ng.
c. Lin ng.



29
11. Tip im ca rle
in
a. Thng h:
b. Thng kn:

c. i ni





- Dng cho cc loi
rle, tr rle nhit
v rle thi gian.
12. Tip im ca kh c
in:
a. Thng h
b. Thng kn
- Dng cho cng
tc t, khi ng
t, b khng ch
ng lc
13. Tip im c b phn
dp tia la(h quang):
a. Thng h
b. Thng kn


14. Tip im thng h
ca r le thi gian:
a. ng mun:
b. Ct mun
c. ng, ct mun


15. Tip im thng kn
ca r le thi gian:
a. ng mun:
b. Ct mun
c. ng, ct mun


30
16. Tip im sau khi tc
ng phi tr v
(reset) bng tay:
a. Thng h.
b. Thng kn.
- Thng p dng
cho rle nhit.
17. Tip im ca rle
khng in:
a. Kiu c kh
b. Kiu kh nn

c. Kiu phao
d. Kiu nhit:
- Khng cun dy
ph
- C cun dy ph.
e. Kiu ly tm



18. Phanh hm in t
a. Mt pha.

b. Ba pha.

19. Bn in t, nam
chm in

20. B khng ch (tay gt
c kh).
B khng ch gm
cc tip im v mt
s v tr. Khi t v
tr no s c nhng
tip im c ng





- Ti cc v tr c
chm t en th
tip im tng
ng ng kn.
V d:
- S 0: KC
1
kn.
t
0
>
n>
1 2 0 4 5
KC
1

KC
2

KC
3

31
li - S 1: KC
2
kn.
- S 5: KC
1
v
KC
3
kn.
21. in tr khi ng
22. My bin dng




23. My bin in p



2.4 V CC K HIU IN TRONG S CUNG CP IN
2.4.1 Cc thit b ng ct, o lng, bo v.
Cc loi kh c in ng ct, iu khin trong mng cao p, h p c qui c
theo TCVN 1615-75 v TCVN 1623-75; thng dng cc k hiu ph bin sau (bng
2.8):
Bng 2.8
STT Tn gi K hiu
Trn s v tr, s
n tuyn
Ghi ch
1. Dao cch ly
- Mt cc

- Ba cc




- Chiu ng ct qui c
l chiu kim ng h.

2. Dao ngn mch - Chiu ng ct qui c
l chiu kim ng h.
32
3. Dao t mch
- Tc ng mt
chiu
- Tc ng hai chiu
- Chiu ng ct qui c
l chiu kim ng h.


4. Dao ct ph ti ba
cc in p cao


- Chiu ng ct qui c
l chiu kim ng h.
5. My ct ba cc n
cao p
- Cho php v my ct
cao p bng mt hnh
vung v bn cnh ghi
hiu ca loi my ct.
6. My ct c 1 cc
thng m v 2 cc
thng ng



7.
My ct c nhiu
cc (v d 4 cc)



8. Ct chuyn mch
(i ni) mt cc
- C hai v tr

- C ba v tr (v tr
gia h)




- V tr gia h mch
9. Ct chuyn mch hai
cc
- C hai v tr
chuyn i mch
khng gin on
- C ba v tr





- V tr gia h mch
33
10. Ct chuyn i mch
bn cc
- C hai v tr

- C ba v tr











- V tr th ba gia
11. Cu ch t ri
(FCO)




12.
My ct h p (ap t
mat)
- Hai cc.

- Ba cc.


- Ct dng cc i




- Nu cn ch r i lng
ct th dng cc k hiu
sau y ngay cnh k
hiu ca my ct.
- Qu dng I >
- Km dng I <
- Qua p U >
- Km p U <
- Dng ngc chiu I
13. Trm bin p
14. Trm phn phi
15. T iu khin h th


16. Trm i in (chnh
lu)



I >
34
A
B
17. Chng st ng

18. Chng st van

19. T b
- B ngang.
- B dc


20. Nh my in



A: Loi nh my
B: Cng sut
21. My bin dng
- C 1 dy qun th
cp.
- C 2 dy qun th
cp trn 1 li.

- C 2 dy qun th
cp trn 2 li
ring.

- My bin dng
nhiu cp











22. Khe h phng in
- Loi 2 cc.
- Loi 3 cc.

-
2.4.2 ng dy v ph kin ng dy.
Cc loi ph kin ng dy v cc dng th hin ng dy c qui c theo
TCVN 1618-75; thng dng cc k hiu ph bin sau (bng 2.9):

35
Bng 2.9
STT Tn gi K hiu
Trn s v tr, s
n tuyn
Ghi ch
1. Thanh ci - V bng nt m hn
2. ng dy trn khng.
- Mch c 1 dy.
- Mch c 2 dy, 3
dy.
- Mch c 4 dy, n
dy.




- Nu mch c nhiu
hn 4 dy th phn ra
tng nhm 3 dy.
- Khong cch gia cc
nhm ln hn khong
cch gia cc dy.
- Nhm cui cng gom
li mt hoc hai dy.

3. ng dy ng lc
AC n 1000V
- Dy trn
- Dy cp, dy bc

4. ng dy ng lc
AC trn 1000V
- Dy trn
- Dy cp, dy bc

5. Phn nhnh t thanh
ci


- V thanh ci bng
ng nt m hn
6. Phn nhnh dy in
n nhm thit b
cng loi




- Nu cn ch s nhnh
th ghi s nhnh bn
cnh hnh v

- n
- 1
0
36
7. Phn nhnh ng
dy:
- Mt dy
- Hai dy

8. Ch un ca dy in
9. Nhp v tch
cc dy in.



- Ch thch:Cho php v
gc un 45
0

10. Dy in mm
11. Dy ni trung gian:
- C 1 u tho ra
c
- C 2 u tho ra
c
- u t en c ni c
nh.
12. Ni t
- Ni t t nhin.
- Cc bng ng thp
trn.
- Cc bng thp hnh.
- Ni ng dy vi t
13. Nhng ng dy
cho nhau, nhng
khng ni nhau v
in.


- Nu cn ch r v tr
tng i gia cc dy
dn vi nhau th dng
k hiu

14. Nhng ng dy
cho nhau c ni
nhau v in





Dy t trn
Dy t
di
37
15. S phng in
16. Ch b hng cch
in
- Gia cc dy.

- Gia dy v v

- Gia dy v t

17. Mt s k hiu v
ng dy chuyn
dng
- ng dy ca li
in phn phi ng
lc mt chiu.
- ng dy ca li
in phn phi ng
lc xoay chiu c
tn s khc 50Hz.
- Cp v dy mm di
ng dng cho ng
lc, chiu sng.
- ng dy chiu
sng s c.
i vi bn v
ch c chiu sng.
i vi bn v
va c ng lc
v chiu sng.
ng dy chiu
sng bo v.


















38
- ng dy mng
di 36V.
- ng dy ca li
kim tra, o lng,
khng ch, iu
khin.
- ng dy ni t
hoc ng dy ni
trung tnh.
- ng dy xuyn
tng, xuyn trn.
ng dy i ln,
i xung.
ng dy i
xuyn t trn
xung, t di
ln
18. Ct, tr in
- Tr b tng ly tm.
- Tr b tng vung,
ch nht.
- Tr in c neo
chng.
- Tr in c s dng
2 cn




- S lng v v tr
cn, neo chng ph
thuc vo thc t.
19. Crc 4 s h th

- Crc 2 s, 3 s c
biu din tng ng.
20. U 1 s h th

- U 2 s c biu din
tng ng.
39
21. Hp u dy vo


22. Hp ni dy hai ng
23. Hp ni dy 3 ng


24. Hp ni dy r nhnh


25. Hp t my ct h
p



26. Hp t cu dao
27. Hp t cu chy
28. Hp t cu dao v
cu chy



29. Hp cu dao i ni
30. Hp khi ng thit
b cao p




2.5 V CC K HIU IN TRONG S IN T
2.5.1 Cc linh kin th ng
Linh kin th ng gm in tr, t in, cun cm v my bin th c qui
c theo TCVN 1616-75 v TCVN 1614-75; thng dng cc k hiu ph thng sau
(bng 2.10, 2.11 v 2.12):

a. in tr
Bng 2.10
40
STT Tn gi K hiu Ghi ch
1. in tr khng iu
chnh

2. in tr khng iu
chnh c 2 u rt ra.
- Khi c nhiu u
ra th cho php
tng thm chiu di
ca hnh v.
3. in tr cng sut
- in tr c cng sut
danh nh l 0.05W.
- in tr c cng sut
danh nh l 0.12W.
- in tr c cng sut
danh nh l 0.25W.
- in tr c cng sut
danh nh l 0.5W.
- Khi cng sut 1W tr
ln th dng ch s la
m. V d: in tr
1W, 2W, 5W
- Khi cng sut ln
hn 5W th dng k
hiu
-
4. in tr iu chnh
c (Bin tr)
- K hiu chung

- C h mch
- Khng h mch
-
15W
41
5. Bin tr tinh chnh
- K hiu chung.

- H mch.
- Kn mch.

6. in tr iu chnh
c (chit p)
- K hiu chung.
- Chit p tinh chnh.

- Chit p c u a
ra.
- Chit p trn c 1
chi.

- Chit p trn c 2
chi.
- Chit p trn c 3
chi.
Cung cp quan tip
im c nh.
Cung cp quan tip
im khng c
nh.

-
b. T in
Bng 2.11
STT Tn gi K hiu Ghi ch
- S
ino
Sino
Coso
42
1. T in khng iu
chnh c
- K hiu chung.
- T ha.
C phn cc.
Khng phn cc.
- T in xuyn.
- T in c bn cc ni
t.
- T in c in tr u
ni tip.


-




- Cho php khng ghi du
cc tnh



- dp tia h quang
2. T in c iu chnh
- Nu cn nhn mnh
phn quay th dng k
hiu






3. B t in bin i 3
ngn





4. T in tinh chnh


5. T in bin i theo
in p (varicon)



6. T in vi sai (so lch)



7. T in dch pha




c. Cun cm v bin th
+
43
Bng 2.12
STT Tn gi K hiu Ghi ch
1. Cun cm, cun khng
khng li

2. Cun cm, cun khng
c li st t

3. Cun cm c li ferit
4. Cun cm thay i c
thng s bng tip xc
trt



5. Cun cm c thng s
bin thin lin tc

6. My bin p cch ly 1
pha, li st t

7. My bin p cch ly 1
pha, li ferit

8. My bin p cch ly 1
pha, li ferit iu chnh
c



9. My bin p t ngu





2.5.2 Cc linh kin tch cc
Nhm linh kin tch cc (hay linh kin bn dn) c qui c theo TCVN1626-
75; thng dng cc k hiu ph bin sau (bng 2.13):
Bng 2.13
44
STT Tn gi K hiu Ghi ch
1. Diode bn dn

- nh ca hnh tam
gic ch chiu dn
in ln nht
2. Diode c lp gc kp


3. Diode ng hm




4. Diode o

- Mi tn ch chiu
dng in ln nht
5. Dng c n p bn dn
- Dn in mt chiu

- Dn in hai chiu

- Diode thc v diode
zener.
6. Diode nhit


7. Diode bin dung
(varicap)



8. Diode c iu khin
- K hiu chung
- C cc iu khin t
lp n.
- C cc iu khin t
lp p.
- Cn gi l SCR,
thyristor
45
9. Thyristor loi diode i
xng



10. Diode quang (in)


11. Diode pht quang (Led)


12. Transistor n ni
(UJT)
- Cc gc (baz) loi n


- Cc gc (baz) loi p


-
-




13. Transistor lng ni
(BJT)
- Loi p-n-p.

- Loi n-p-n.


-


- Nn dng k hiu:
E,B,C ch cc pht,
cc gc v cc gp
ca transistor.


14. Transistor trng
(FET)
- J FET



- MOS-FET







B
C
E
G
D
S
Knh n
G
D
S
Knh p
G
D
S
Lin tc
G
D
S
Gin on
B
1
E
B
2
E
B
1
B
2
46
15. Dic -




16. Tric


-

17. in tr turner
18. in tr quang


19. in tr quang loi sai
ng




20. Transistor quang (in)





21. Khuch i thut ton
(op amp)
-


- P: ng vo khng o.
- N: ng vo o.

2.5.3 Cc phn t logc
Cc phn t logc trong k thut in t c qui c trong TCVN 1633-75;
thng dng cc k hiu hp bin sau (bng 2.14):
Bng 2.14
STT Tn gi K hiu Ghi ch
1. Cng logc OR
- Trng hp c nhiu hn
2 ng vo th v thm cc
T
2
T
1
T
2
T
1
G

Loi p-n-p Loi n-p-n
N

P

V
EE

+V
C
C


+
Ng ra

Y

A

B

47
ng vo C, D
2. Cng logc AND


3. Cng logc NOT
4. Cng logc NOR
5. Cng logc XOR


6. Cng logc XNOR


7. Cng logc AND


8. Flip Flop (FF)
- RS FF.

- JK FF.


-
Y
1
=
2
Y
9. Cc b to hm, to
xung, dao ng

-
- TH: To hm;
- TX: To xung;
- D: Dao ng.
- S dng ph hp cc k
t trn cho cc chc nng
tng ng.
Y

A

B

Y

A

Y

A

B

Y

A

B

Y

A

B

Y

A

B

R

Y
1
S

Y
2
FF

J

Y
1
K

Y
2
FF

X

Y

TH
TX
D

48
10. Mch kt (IC)



-
- Chn IC c b tr 2
hng theo qui lut nh
hnh v.
- Ti chm trn l chn s
1.
- Chn cui cng l cp
ngun dng.
- Ngun m hoc mass
c cp chn cui
cng bn phi cng hng
vi chn s 1.

2.6 CC K HIU BNG CH DNG TRONG V IN
Trong v in, ngoi k hiu bng hnh v nh qui c cn s dng rt nhiu k
t i km th hin chnh xc k hiu cng nh thun tin trong vic phn
tch, thuyt minh s mch.
Ty theo ngn ng s dng m cc k t c th khc nhau, nhng im ging
nhau l thng dng cc k t vit tt t tn gi ca thit b, kh c in .
V d:
- CD: cu dao (ting Vit); SW (ting Anh Switch: ci ngt in).
- CC: cu ch (ting Vit); F (ting Anh Fuse: cu ch).
- : n in (ting Vit); L (ting Anh Lamp: bng n).
Trng hp trong cng mt s c s dng nhiu thit b cng loi, th
thm vo cc con s pha trc hoc pha sau k t th hin. V d: 1CD,
2CD; 1, 2 ...
Trong bn v cc k t dng lm k hiu c th hin bng ch IN HOA (tr
cc trng hp c qui c khc).
Bng 2.15 gii thiu mt s k hiu bng k t thng dng.
Bng 2.15
STT K hiu Tn gi Ghi ch
TN IC

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

+V
V
49
1 CD Cu dao.
2 CB; Ap Aptomat; my ct h th.
3 CC Cu ch.
4 K Cng tc t, khi ng t. C th s dng cc th
hin c tnh lm vic
nh: T cng tc t
quay thun; H cng
tc t hm dng ...
5 K Cng tc. Dng trong s chiu
sng.
6 O; O cm in
7 n in. Dng trong s chiu
sng.
8 ng c mt chiu; ng c
in ni chung.
Dng trong s in
cng nghip
1. C Chung in.
2. B Bp in, l in
3. Q Qut in.
4. MB My bm.
5. C ng c in ni chung.
6. CK Cun khng.
7. KB ng c khng ng b.
8. B ng c ng b.
9. F My pht in mt chiu;
my pht in ni chung.

10. FKB My pht khng ng b.
11. FB My pht ng b.
12. M; ON Nt khi ng my.
50
13. D; OFF Nt dng my.
14. KC B khng ch, tay gt c kh.
15. RN Rle nhit.
16. RTh Rle thi gian (timer).
17. RU Rle in p.
18. RI Rle dng in.
19. RTr Rle trung gian.
20. RTT Rle bo v thiu t trng.
21. R
T
Rle tc .
22. KH Cng tc hnh trnh.
23. FH Phanh hm in t.
24. NC Nam chm in.
25. BT Bn in t.
26. V Van thy lc; van c kh.
27. MC My ct trung, cao th.
28. MCP My ct phn on ng
dy.

29. DCL Dao cch ly.
30. DN Dao ni t.
31. FCO Cu ch t ri.
32. BA; BT My bin th.
33. CS Thit b chng st.
34. T Thanh ci cao p, h p Dng trong s cung
cp in
35. T
(transformer)
My bin th. Dng trong s in
t.
36. D; D
Z
Diode; Diode zener.
51
37. C T in.
38. R in tr.
39. R
T
in tr nhit
40. BJT; Q; T Transistor
41. Q; T BJT; SCR; tric; dic; UJT
42. CL Mch chnh lu
43. V
CC
Ngun cung cp
44. mass Ngun m hoc im chung
trong s

45. Op amp Mch khuch i thut ton
46. FF Mch Flip Flop.
47. R (reset) Ng xa ci t. Dng trong s in
t.
48. S (set) Ng ci t. Dng trong s in
t.
49. IC Mch kt, mch t hp.
50. A (anod) Dng cc ca diode, SCR. Thng gi l cc A
51. K (katod) m cc ca diode, SCR. Thng gi l cc K
52. B (base) Cc nn, cc gc ca
transistor, UJT.
Thng gi l cc B
53. C (collector) Cc gp ca transistor. Thng gi l cc C
54. E (emiter) Cc pht ca transistor, UJT. Thng gi l cc E
55. G (gate) Cc cng, cc kch, cc iu
khin ca SCR, tric, dic,
FET.
Thng gi l cc G
56. D (drain) Cc tho, cc xut ca FET. Thng gi l cc D
57. S (source) Cc ngun ca FET. Thng gi l cc S
HOT NG II: T HC V N TP
52
- Ti liu tham kho cho bi ny:
- Gio trnh V in, L Cng Thnh, Trng i hc S phm K thut TP. HCM -
1998.
- Tiu chun nh nc: K hiu in; K hiu xy dng.
- Cc tp ch v in, gii thiu sn phm ca cc nh sn xut trong, ngoi nc
hin c trn th trng.
- Trao i nhm v gii cc bi tp: 2.1 2.21.
53
CU HI CNG C BI HC
2.1 V cc k hiu mt bng sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.16)
Bng 2.16
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
23. Ca ra vo 1 cnh; 2
cnh




24. Ca gp, ca ko



25. Ca s n khng
m





26. Cu thang 2 cnh



27. Bp un than ci:
- Khng ng khi

- C ng khi



28. Bp hi:
- Hai ngn

- Bn ngn

29.
Sn nc

30.
Chu ra mt



54



2.2 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.17)
Bng 2.17
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
20. Dng in DC; AC
hnh sin

21. Mng in 3 pha 4
dy

22. Cc dy pha v dy
trung tnh ca mng
in 3 pha

23. Hai dy dn khng
ni nhau v in

24. Hai dy dn ni nhau
v in

25. Ni t
26. Ni v my, ni
mass

27. Dy ni hnh sao c
dy trung tnh


2.3 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.18)
Bng 2.18
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
55
24. L in tr



25. Chung in


26. Qut trn, qut treo
tng



27. n si t

28. n hunh quang
29. n thy ngn c p
lc cao

30. n chiu sng cc b


31. n chm hunh quang
32. n tn hiu



2.4 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.19)
Bng 2.19
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
22. Cu dao 1 pha
23. Cu dao 1 pha 2 ng
(cu dao o 1 pha)

24. Cu dao 3 pha
56
25. Cu dao 3 pha 2 ng
(cu dao o 3 pha)

26. Cng tc 2 cc:
27. Cng tc 3 cc:
28. cm in


29. Aptomat 1 pha


30. Aptomat 3 pha
31. Cu ch


32. Nt bm



2.5 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.20)
Bng 2.20
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
Trn s nguyn
l
Trn s v tr,
s n tuyn
1. My bin p
cch ly 1 pha







2. My bin p t
ngu







57
3. Bin p t ngu
hai dy qun mt
li st t



4. Cun cm, cun
khng khng li



5. Cun cm, cun
khng c li st
t



6. Cun cm, cun
khng kp











2.6 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.21)
Bng 2.21
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
Trn s nguyn
l
Trn s v tr,
s n tuyn
1. ng c khng
ng b 3 pha
rotor lng sc






58
2. ng c khng
ng b 3 pha
rotor dy qun






3. My in ng
b





4. My in mt
chiu kch t c
lp





5. My in mt
chiu kch t ni
tip

6. ng c 1 pha
kiu in dung







2.7 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.22)
Bng 2.22
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
1. Cun dy rle, cng tc
t, khi ng t.



59
2. Rle, cng tc t, khi
ng t c 2 cun dy

3. Tip im ca rle in,
cng tc t, khi ng t
- Thng h.

- Thng kn.

- i ni






4. Phn t t nng v tip
im ca rle nhit



5. Nt n khng t gi.
- Thng m.

- Thng kn.

6. Nt n t gi
- Thng m.

- Thng kn.

- i ni


7. Phanh hm in t


8. Bn in t, nam chm
in.




60
2.8 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.23)
Bng 2.23
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
1. Nt bm lin ng


2. Cng tc hnh trnh
- Thng m.

- Thng ng.

- Lin ng.


3. Tip im thng h ca
rle thi gian:
- ng mun:

- Ct mun

- ng, ct mun

4. Tip im thng ng
ca rle thi gian:
- ng mun:

- Ct mun

- ng, ct mun

61
5. Tip im ca rle khng
in:
- Kiu c kh

- Kiu kh nn



2.9 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.24)
Bng 2.24
STT Tn gi K hiu
Trn s v tr, s
n tuyn
ngha
1. Dao cch ly


2. My ct ba cc in cao
p

3. Cu ch t ri (FCO)


4. Trm bin p
5. Trm phn phi
6. Chng st ng


7. Chng st van


8. T b


2.10 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.25)
62
Bng 2.25
STT Tn gi K hiu
Trn s v tr, s
n tuyn
ngha
1. Thanh ci
2. ng dy trn khng c
3 dy, 4 dy.

3. ng dy ng lc AC
n 1000V (dy trn, dy
bc)

4. Dy ni trung gian c 2
u tho ra c:

5. Ni t (cc bng ng
thp)

6. Hng cch in gia cc
ng dy v gia
ng dy v v.

7. ng dy xuyn tng
t di ln, t trn
xung.

8. Tr b tng ly tm c
neo chng v 2 hng
vung gc 90
0


9. Crc 2 s h th


10. U 2 s h th


2.11 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.26)
Bng 2.26
63
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
1. in tr khng iu
chnh

2. in tr cng sut
0,25W, 10W

3. in tr iu chnh (h
mch); bin tr tinh
chnh (kn mch)
-
4. Chit p trn c 3 chi
cung cp in c nh.


5.
T ha (c phn cc,
khng phn cc).
-
6.
T in tinh chnh -
7.
B t iu chnh 3 ngn -
8.
Bin p cch ly 2 cun
dy, li ferit iu chnh
c
-
9.
Cun cm c thng s
bin thin lin tc
-
2.12 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.27)
Bng 2.27
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
1. Diode bn dn
2. Diode bin dung
(varicap)

3. SCR
64
4. Diode quang; LED
5. UJT
6. BJT

7. JFET knh n

8. MOSFET gin on -
9. Tric


10. Dic

11. Transistor quang loi n-
p-n







2.13 V cc k hiu in sau v gii thch ngha ca chng (bng 2.28)
Bng 2.28
STT Tn gi K hiu ngha
1. Op amp



2. Cng AND


65
3. Cng OR


4. Cng NOT
5. Cng NOR
6. Cng NAND

7. Cng XOR

8. Cng XNOR -
9. IC 14 chn









2.14 Nhn dng cc k hiu sau v cho bit phm vi ng dng ca chng (bng 2.29)
Bng 2.29
STT K hiu Tn gi Phm vi ng dng
1.
2.
DC;
AC;
66
3. A, B, C; N


4.


5.


6.


7.


8.


9.


10.
11.





2.15 Nhn dng cc k hiu sau v cho bit phm vi ng dng ca chng (bng 2.30)
Bng 2.30
STT K hiu Tn gi Phm vi ng dng
1.
2.
3.


67
4.
5.
6.
7.


8.


9.

2.16 Nhn dng cc k hiu sau v cho bit phm vi ng dng ca chng (bng 2.31)
Bng 2.31
STT K hiu Tn gi Phm vi ng dng
1.



2.

3.




4.




A V O
cos
Hz
VAr
kWh
+

68
5.




6.



7.




8.

9.



10.




2.17 Nhn dng cc k hiu sau v cho bit phm vi ng dng ca chng (bng 2.32)
Bng 2.32
STT K hiu Tn gi Phm vi ng dng
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.



I >
U <
K
69
6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.



13.



14.


2.18 Nhn dng cc k hiu sau v cho bit phm vi ng dng ca chng (bng 2.33)
Bng 2.33
STT K hiu Tn gi Phm vi ng dng
1.



2.



3.



4.

70
5.

6.

7.

8.



9.



10.

11.



12.




2.19 Nhn dng cc k hiu sau v cho bit phm vi ng dng ca chng (bng 2.34)
Bng 2.34
STT K hiu Tn gi Phm vi ng dng
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

I >
71
7.

8.

9.

10.

2.20 Nhn dng k hiu cc linh kin th ng sau v gii thch c im ca chng
(bng 2.35)
Bng 2.35
STT K hiu Tn gi c im
1.

2.

3.



4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.


11.

- S
ino
+
72
12.




2.21 Nhn dng k hiu cc linh kin tch cc sau v gii thch c im ca chng
(bng 2.36)
Bng 2.36
STT K hiu Tn gi c im
1.

2.

3.

4.



5.

6.




7.



8.



9.



10.



G
D
S
G
D
S
Y

A

B

J

Y
1
K

Y
2
FF

Y

A

B

Y

A

B

73
11.



12.






BI 3
V S IN
Gii thiu:
Trong ngnh in - in t, th hin mt mch in c th no c th dng
cc dng s khc nhau. Mi dng s s c mt s tnh nng, yu cu cng nh
cc qui c nht nh. Vic nm bt, vn dng v khai thc chnh xc cc dng s
th hin mt tiu ch no trn mt bn v l yu cu c bn mang tnh bt buc
i vi ngi th cng nh cn b k thut cng tc trong ngnh in - in t.
lm c iu th vic phn tch, nhn dng, nm bt cc qui chun ca
cc dng s l mt yu cu trng tm. N l c s bao trm thc hin hon chnh
mt bn v. ng thi n cn l iu kin tin quyt cho vic thi cng, lp rp hay d
tr vt t, lp phng n thi cng cc cng trnh in, in t dn dng v cng
nghip.
3.1 M U
3.1.1 Khi nim
Trong ngnh in - in t, s dng nhiu dng s khc nhau. Mi dng s
s th hin mt s tiu ch nht nh no ca ngi thit k.
Tht vy, nu ch cn th hin nguyn l lm vic ca mt mch in, hay mt
cng trnh no th khng quan tm n v tr lp t hay kch thc tht ca thit b.
Ngc li nu mun bit v tr lp t ca thit b c phng n thi cng th phi
c trn s v tr (s nguyn l khng th hin iu ny).
Trong bi hc ny s gii thiu cch thc hin cc dng s cng nh mi lin
h rng buc gia chng vi nhau. ng thi cng nu ln cc nguyn tc cn nh khi
thc hin mt bn v in.
3.1.2 V d v cc dng s



Y

A

B

Y

A

74












S hnh 3.1 cho bit nguyn l hot ng ca s , c th nh sau:
- Sau khi ng cu dao CD, mch chun b hot ng. ng cng tc 1K, n
1 sng, tng t n 2 s sng khi 2K c n. Mun s dng cc thit b
nh qut in, bn i (bn l)... ch vic cm trc tip thit b vo cm OC.
- Nh vy s ny ch cho bit nguyn tc ni mch nh th no mch vn
hnh ng nguyn l, ch cha th hin c v tr lp t thit b, phng n
i dy hay lng vt t tiu hao cn c...
Trong s ni dy hnh 3.2, th hin tng i r hn phng n i dy c th
nhng cng cha th d tr c vt t, hay xc nh v tr thit b v cha c mt
bng c th ca cng trnh.










1K CC
N
~
HNH 3.1: V D V S NGUYN L
2K
1
2
OC
CD
HNH 3.2: V D V S NI DY

~
75
Cn s v tr nh hnh 3.3 th ngi thi cng d dng xc nh c khi
lng vt t cng nh phng n thi cng nhng li khng r rng v phng n ng
ct, iu khin cc thit b.
Do vy, th hin y mt cng trnh ngi ta s kt hp cc dng s vi
nhau mt cch hp l nht, cn thit c th s dng thm bng thuyt minh chi tit
bng li hoc bng hnh v minh ha.











3.2 V S MT BNG, S V TR
3.2.1 Khi nim
a. S mt bng
L s biu din kch thc ca cng trnh (nh xng, phng c) theo
hng nhn t trn xung.
b. S v tr
Da vo s mt bng, ngi ta b tr v tr ca cc thit b c y kch
thc gi l s v tr. K hiu in dng trong s v tr l k hiu in dng
trong s mt bng.








HNH 3.3: V D V S V TR
12m
6
m

HNH 3.4: S MT BNG CA MT CN H
4,5m
6
m

4,5m 3m
2
,
4
m

1,4m
76
3.2.2 V d v s mt bng v s v tr
Hnh 3.4 th hin mt bng ca mt cn h c 3 phng: phng khch, phng ng
v nh bp. Nhn vo s ny c th bit c cc kch thc ca tng phng, ca
ca ra vo, ca s cng nh kch thc tng th ca cn h...











Cn hnh 3.5 l s v tr ca mng in n gin gm c 1 bng iu khin
v 2 bng n, chi tit cc phn t ca mng in nh sau:
1. Ngun in (ng dy dn n c ghi s lng dy);
2. Bng iu khin;
3. ng dy lin lc (dy dn in);
4. Thit b in (bng n);

3.3 V S NGUYN L V S NI DY
3.3.1 Khi nim
a. S nguyn l
S nguyn l l loi s trnh by nguyn l vn hnh ca mch in, mng
in. N gii thch, gip ngi th hiu bit s vn hnh ca mch in, mng in.
Ni cch khc, s nguyn l l dng cc k hiu in biu th cc mi lin quan
trong vic kt ni, vn hnh mt h thng in hay mt phn no ca h thng in.
S nguyn l c php b tr theo mt phng cch no c th d
dng v mch, d c, d phn tch nht. S nguyn l s c v u tin khi tin
hnh thit k mt mch in, mng in. T s ny s tip tc v thm cc s
khc (s ni dy, s n tuyn...) nu cn.
HNH 3.5: S V TR MNG IN N GIN
12m
6
m

1
2
3
4 4
77
S nguyn l c th c biu din theo hng ngang hoc ct dc. Khi biu
din theo hng ngang th cc thnh phn lin tip ca mch s c v theo th t t
trn xung di. Cn nu biu din theo ct dc th theo th t t tri sang phi.
b. S ni dy
L loi s din t phng n i dy c th ca mch in, mng in c suy
ra t s nguyn l.
S ni dy c th v c lp hoc kt hp trn s v tr. Ngi thi cng s
c s ny lp rp ng vi tinh thn ca ngi thit k. Khi thit k s ni
dy cn ch nhng im sau y:
Bng iu khin phi t ni kh ro, thong mt, thun tin thao tc, ph
hp qui trnh cng ngh (ch v tr ca s, ca ci, hng m ca ci, ca la, hng
gi thi).
Dy dn phi c i tp trung thnh tng cm, cp theo tng hoc trn,
khng c ko ngang dc tu .
Trn s cc im ni nhau v in phi c nh s ging nhau.
Trn bng v cc ng dy phi c v bng nt c bn, ch v nhng
ng dy song song hoc vung gc nhau.
Cu dao chnh v cng t tng nn t mt ni d nhn thy nht.
Phi la chn phng n i dy sao cho chiu di dy dn l ngn nht.

3.3.2 V d v s nguyn l v s ni dy
a. V cc s iu khin mng in chiu sng
Trong mng chiu sng, s mch c th hin bng s nguyn l, s
ni dy. Khi th hin trn mt bng thng dng s n tuyn. Trong phn ny s
xt mt s mch c bn th hin bng s nguyn l v s ni dy. Cn s
n tuyn s xt phn sau.
V d 3.1: Mch gm 1 cu dao, 1 cu ch, 1 cm, 1 cng tc iu khin 1 n
si t.
S nguyn l nh hnh 3.6. Cn c vo s , chng ta s hiu c nguyn
tc kt ni cc thit b vi nhau mch vn hnh ng nguyn l. ng thi mch
cng cho bit cc thao tc vn hnh v cc chc nng bo v...
Cn s ni dy hnh 3.7, ngi c s bit c phng n i dy c th
ca mch in. Ngoi ra cng phn no xc nh c v tr lp t cc thit b, ng
thi cn c ci nhn tng th v khi lng vt t hay phng n thi cng.


78















V d 3.2: Mch gm 2 cu ch, 1 cm, 1 cng tc iu khin 2 n si t (c
in p ging nhau v bng vi in p ngun. S nguyn l v s ni dy nh
hnh 3.8 v 3.9.
V d 3.3: Mch iu khin n v chung in. Khi n nt th chung reo v n
sng. S nguyn l v s ni dy nh hnh 3.10 v 3.11.
V d 3.4: Mch n iu khin 2 ni (n cu thang). S nguyn l v s
ni dy nh hnh 3.12 v 3.13.











HNH 3.6: S NGUYN L MCH IU KHIN 1 N SI T
K
CC
N
~

OC
CD
HNH 3.8: S NGUYN L MCH 2 N SI T IU KHIN CHUNG
K 1CC
N
~
2
OC
2CC
1
HNH 3.7: S NI DY TRONG V D 3.1
N
~
~
79
































HNH 3.10: S NGUYN L MCH IU KHIN CHUNG IN C N
CC
N
~

C
M
HNH 3.9: S NI DY TRONG V D 3.2
N
HNH 3.11: S NI DY TRONG V D 3.4
N
~
2K

1K
N
~
HNH 3.12 S NGUYN L MCH N CU THANG
CC
80












V d 3.5: Mch n iu khin 3 ni (n chiu sng hnh lang). S
nguyn l v s ni dy nh hnh 3.14 v 3.15.


















N
~
HNH 3.13: S NI DY MCH N CU THANG

N
~
HNH 3.14: S NGUYN L MCH N CHIU SNG HNH LANG
CC
1K
2K
3K
81

















M rng: Mch n iu khin nhiu ni: Hc sinh t v s nguyn l v
s ni dy.
Gi : T c s l mch n iu khin 2 ni, mun m rng thm 1 ni iu
khin th dng thm 1 cng tc 4 cc v kt ni tng t nh hnh 3.20.
V d: iu khin 4 ni th dng 2 cng tc 3 cc v 2 cng tc 4 cc. iu khin
5 ni th dng 2 cng tc 3 cc v 3 cng tc 4 cc...
V d 3.6: Mch n th t (n nh kho). S nguyn l v s ni dy nh
hnh 3.16 v 3.17.








N
~
HNH 3.15: S NI DY MCH N CHIU SNG HNH LANG
1K
N
~
HNH 3.16: S NGUYN L MCH N NH KHO
2 1 3 4
2K 3K 4K
CC
82















V d 3.7: Mch iu khin n hunh quang v qut trn. S nguyn l v s
ni dy nh hnh 3.18 v 3.19.















HNH 3.17: S NI DY MCH N NH KHO
N
~
HNH 3.18: S NGUYN L N HUNH QUANG V QUT TRN

N
~
1K
HS
2CC
1CC
Q
83












HNH 3.19: S NI DY MCH N HUNH QUANG V QUT TRN
N
~
84





















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
Ng.v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 1
N SI T
N
~
85





















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
Ng.v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 2
N
CU THANG
N
~
86




















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
Ng.v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 3
N
NH KHO
N
~
87




















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
Ng.v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 4
CHUNG IN
N
~
88




























TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 5
- N HUNH
QUANG V QUT
TRN
N
~
89


95

b. V cc s iu khin mng in cng nghip.
i vi mng in cng nghip, s mch thng c th hin di dng s
nguyn l v s ni dy. Ngoi ra khi kt hp vi h thng cung cp in, s
mch cng c th hin bng s n tuyn.
V d 3.8: Mch iu khin o chiu ng c 3 pha bng cu dao 2 ng. S
nguyn l v s ni dy nh hnh 3.20 v 3.21.
-







-

















0. DNG
1. QUAY THUN.
2. QUAY NGHCH.
HNH 3.20: S NGUYN L MCH O
CHIU
1. NG C 3 PHA BNG CU DAO 2 NG
KB
A B C
1
0
2
HNH 3.21: S NI DY MCH O CHIU
2. NG C 3 PHA BNG CU DAO 2 NG
A
B
C
KB
96
V d 3.9: Mch khi ng Y - A ng c 3 pha bng cu dao 2 ng. S
nguyn l v s ni dy nh hnh 3.22 v 3.23.




-







-
















A B C
- D
NG
3. HNH 3.22: S NGUYN L MCH KHI
NG Y A
4. NG C 3 PHA BNG CU DAO 2 NG
- Y KHI
NG
- A LM
VIC
- 1
CD
- 2
CD
-
KB
5. HNH 3.23: S NI DY MCH KHI
NG Y A NG C 3 PHA BNG CU DAO 2 NG
A
B
C
97
V d 3.10: Mch o chiu quay ng c 1 pha (kiu in dung) bng cu dao 2
ng. S nguyn l v s ni dy nh hnh 3.24 v 3.25.












-














-
-
6. HNH 3.24: S NGUYN L MCH O CHIU NG C 1 PHA BNG CU
DAO 2 NG
~
N
- 1
CD
- 2
CD
- a. Dng cu dao
o 1 pha
~
N
- b. Dng cu dao
o 3 pha
- HNH 3.25: S NI DY MCH O CHIU
NG C 1 PHA BNG CU DAO 2 NG
N
~
98
V d 3.11: Mch m my ng c 3 pha qua cun khng bng cu dao. S
nguyn l v s ni dy nh hnh 3.26 v 3.27.


































HNH 3.26: S NGUYN L MCH M MY
7. NG C 3 PHA QUA CUN KHNG BNG CU
DAO
KB
A B C
CC
1CD
2CD
8. C
K
HNH 3.27: S NI DY MCH M MY
9. NG C 3 PHA QUA CUN KHNG BNG CU
DAO
KB
A
B
C
CK
99


100




















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 6
- O CHIU
QUAY KB 3 PHA
BNG CU DAO
KB
A
B
C
101





-



-
-









TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 7
- O CHIU
QUAY KB 3 PHA
BNG KHI
NG T
CD
T
1CC
KB
A B C
N
RN
2
T
N
6
1
3
5
7
9
11 3
D
M
T
M
N
T
N
RN
3
1
2
2CC
4
10. R
N
T
N
4
102






















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 8
- M MY QUA
QUA CUN KHNG
KB 3 PHA BNG
CU DAO
A
B
C
CK
KB
103

-
-



-
-

-

-








TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY
NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 9
- M MY QUA
QUA CUN KHNG
KB 3 PHA BNG
KT
CD
g
1CC
A B C
K
RN
CK
KB
D
RN
RTh
3
5
6
2
g
M
K
7
g
RN 3
9
11
5
K
K
1
2
2CC
4
RTh
6
104




















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 10
- M MY Y
A KB 3 PHA
BNG CU DAO
A
B
C
A B C
X Y Z
105



-



-



-








TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 11
- M MY Y
A KB 3 PHA
BNG KT
CD
g
1CC
A B C
RN
KB
KY
KA
RN
g
KA
KY
1
2CC
g
KA
KY
3
5
5
7
9
11
13
4
2
3 RN
15
17
D
1
2
KA
KY
6
M
RTh
RTh
RTh
6
106

-

-

-

-
-
-

-




-





TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY
NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 12
- M MY V
HM NG NNG
KB 3 PHA
K
5
H
K
H
RTh
K
H
RN
3
1
7
9
11
13
6
2
1
RN
3
M
D
2CC
2
1
4
RTh
H
CD
1CC
RN
A B C
K
BT
CL
H
KB
107





















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 13
M MY KB 3
PHA ROTOR DY
QUN
1CC
K
R
P2
R
P1
2G

1G

RN
KB
CD
C B A
2CC
1RTh
2RTh
1G

2G

K
1RTh
RN
D
M
K
1G
3
5
7
9 11
6
2
2RTh
RN 4
2G
1
13
15
5
1G
4
1
3
5
2

108




















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 14
M MY KB 3
PHA ROTOR DY
QUN

1CC
K
RN
R
P2
R
P1
2G

1G

1RI

2RI

KB
CD
C B A
2CC
RTr
1G

2G

K
RN
D
M
K
1G
3
5
7 9
11
6
2
RN
4
2G
1
13
15
5
1G
4
1
1RI
2G
2RI
RTr
9
3

109






















TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN

Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S: 15
M MY NG
C MT CHIU
CK
R
FK

2CC
2CC
+
1CC
+
R
P1 R
P2
1G

2G


K
K

RN

1RU

2RU

1CC 3CC
2G

K
RN
D
M
T
1G
3
5
6
1
1G

7
2
RN 4
4
1
3
2
3CC
1G
2G
9 11
13
15
1RU
2RU
5
N
~
110


129
c. V cc s mch in t.
S trong mch in t thng ch s dng dng s nguyn l l chnh (s ni dy gn nh khng dng; lp rp c
mch ngi ta s dng s mch in). Trong phm vi ti liu ny s gii thiu mt s mch in t c bn th hin bng s
nguyn l.
V d 3.12: Mch chnh lu cu 1 pha c t lc. S nguyn l 3.28.

-









V d 3.13: Mch chnh lu sao 3 pha. S nguyn l 3.29.




D1
N
~
D2
D3
D4
+
11. T
I
12.

+
13.

HNH 3.28: MCH CHNH LU CU 1 PHA C T LC
D1

A

a

+

B

b

D2

D3

TI

130










V d 3.14: Mch chnh lu sao 3 pha. S nguyn l 3.30.









D1

A

C

+

_

B

D2

D3

TI

HNH 3.30: MCH CHNH LU CU 3 PHA
D4

D5

H
NH
3.4
5
M
131





V d 3.15: Mch chnh lu c khng ch sao 1 pha. S nguyn l 3.31.














HNH 3.31: MCH CHNH LU C KHNG CH SAO 1 PHA V MCH KCH SCR DNG
UJT
R
T
1

G2

+

_

T1

T2

2

G1

~


D6

D
1
D
2
R
4
UJT

R
1
R
2 R
3
R
5
C

R
6
R
7
D
Z
132


V d 3.16: Mch chnh lu c khng ch cu 3 pha i xng v khng i xng. S nguyn l 3.32.

















T1

A

C

+

_

B

T2

T3

TI

15. a. Cu 3 pha i xng
T4

T5

T6

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

G6

T1

A
+

B

T2

TI

D4

D5

G1

G2

133













V d 3.17: ng dng SCR iu khin ti AC, DC. S nguyn l 3.33.
-





a. iu khin n bng
SCR
D

SC
R

E

O
N
OF
F
R
2
R
2
TI

134















V d 3.18: ng dng Tric iu khin ti. S nguyn l 3.34.




b. iu khin ng c vn nng bng SCR
K

SCR

2
2
0
V


A
C

R
2
M
R
1
VR

D1

D2

HNH 3.33: MCH NG DNG SCR
D
R

2
2
0
V


A
C

T
0

1

2


HNH 3.34: MCH NG DNG TRIC
135






V d 3.19: Mch n p b dng BJT. S nguyn l 3.35.














R
2
CHUN

~
D
Z

+
_
+
_
R
1
Q
1
Q
2
Q
3
R
3
R
4
R
5
MU
U
RA

HNH 3.35: MCH N P B DNG BJT

136
V d 3.20: Mch timer in t dng BJT. S nguyn l 3.36.



























V d 3.21: Mt vi ng dng khc ca BJT. S nguyn l 3.37.
HNH 3.36: MCH TIMER DNG BJT
-
L
ed

Q
1

100
1000
1

R
L
2

Q
2

Q
3

R
1

R
2

R
3

R
4

R
5

R
6

1000
1

R
L
2

~
M
137



















V d 3.22: Mt vi ng dng ca vi mch. S nguyn l 3.38.









HNH 3.37: MCH NG DNG TRANZITO (BJT)
17. Q
R
1

R
2

R
C

R
3

C
C
1
18.

19. +

a. Mch khuch i dng BJT
20. Q
R
1

R
2

RL
21.

22. +

23. D
b. iu khin rle dng BJT v photo
DIODE
a. Mch cng o s dng OP -AMP

R
1
U
2
R
2
R
n
R
F
U
1
U
n
U
0
+


Q
Q
S
R
b. FLIP -FLOP RS s dng 2 cng NAND

+5V

R
1
138

-








-








-


3.3 V S N TUYN
3.3.3 Khi nim
mch in vn hnh ng nguyn l th phi u dy chnh xc theo s nguyn l. Cn mun th hin phng n i dy
c th th phi dng s u dy kt hp trn s v tr.
139
Nh cc v d xt: s ni dy th hin chi tit phng n i dy, cch u ni cng nh th hin r s dy dn trong tng
tuyn... Nhng nhc im ln nht ca dng s ny l qu rm r, s lng dy dn chim din tch ln trong bn v (khng
cn ch th hin y cc thit b) v s chi tit ny i khi cng khng cn thit.
n gin ho s ni dy, ngi ta ch dng 1 dy dn biu din mng in, mch in gi l s n tuyn.
u im ca s ny l s dy dn c gim thiu n mc ti a nhng vn th hin c nguyn l cng nh phng n
i dy ca h thng. Mt khc, s n tuyn rt thun tin biu din trn s mt bng, s v tr...
Phn ln cc bn v thit k h thng in, mng in, mch in u c th hin bng s n tuyn kt hp vi s gii
thch, minh ha bng vn bn hoc cc s nguyn l, s ni dy chi tit (nu cn).

3.3.4 Nguyn tc thc hin
thc hin hon chnh mt mng in, mch in bng s n tuyn, cn tun th trnh t v cc nguyn tc sau y:
Bc 1: Cn c vo yu cu v cc tiu chun k thut v phc ha s nguyn l.
Bc 2: Cn c vo mt bng, c im ca qui trnh sn xut xc nh v tr lp t cc thit b v v s v tr.
Bc 3: Chn phng n i dy v v phc ha s ni dy chi tit. ng thi xut phng n thi cng.
Bc 4: V s n tuyn theo cc nguyn tc sau:
Ch dng mt dy dn th hin s .
S dng cc k in dng trong s mt bng.
S dy dn cho tng on c th hin bng cc gch xin song song (hoc con s) t trn tuyn (hnh 3.49). iu
ny s thc hin c bng cch kim tra s dy dn tng on trn s ni dy.
Lp bng thuyt minh: c th s dng ngn ng hoc cc s nguyn l, hnh ct, mt ct minh ha nu cn.


2 dy
3 dy 5 dy
5
HNH 3.39: BIU DIN S DY DN CHO TNG ON
140


Hnh 3.40 l s n tuyn ca mch in n gin. S ny c th gii thch nh sau










Hnh 3.40a:
- on ab c 2 dy ngun vo (pha v trung tnh).
- Bng in t st tng bn phi cnh ca ra vo, gm: 1 cu ch, 1 cng tc v cm.
- on bc c 2 dy ra n (1 dy ra t cng tc v dy trung tnh).
Hnh 3.40b:
- Tng t hnh 3.40a, nhng on bc c n 3 dy ra n. iu ny chng t mch cn c ph ti pha sau nn pht tuyn
phi c thm dy pha ngoi 2 dy ging nh hnh 3.40a trn.

32. HNH
3.40a
a
b
c
HNH 3.40b
a
b
c
33. HNH 3.40: MINH HA S N
TUYN
141
3.4 NGUYN TC CHUYN I CC DNG S
3.4.1 Nguyn tc chung
Qua kho st cc phn xt, d dng nhn thy:
S nguyn l l c bn, quan trng nht, n quyt nh tnh ng sai ca mch in, mng in.
T s nguyn l kt hp vi mt bng, v tr thit b s c c s ni dy chi tit.
n gin ha s ni dy chi tit s l s n tuyn.
Cn c vo cc mi quan h trn, c th a ra nguyn tc chuyn i qua li gia cc dng s .
Mi quan h ny c tnh thun / ngc; p dng cho ngi thit k v ngi thi cng c th hin qua hnh 3.41.










3.4.2 D tr vt t
Cng vic ny thng dnh cho ngi thit k. Sau khi tnh ton, so snh kinh t - k thut chn phng n kh thi ti u
nht; Ngi thit k s cn c vo s lp bng d tr vt t cn thit cho cng trnh.
HNH 3.41: NGUYN TC CHUYN I CC DNG S
S
NI DY
S
NGUYN L
S
N TUYN
S MT BNG
S V TR
THIT K
34. Chuyn i
thun
THI CNG
35. Chuyn i
ngc
142
Khi d tr vt t c th tng thm (5 10)% so vi s lng thc t i vi cc thit b d hng hc hoc trng hp c tnh.
Lp bng k c dng nh sau:
Bng 3.1
STT - CH DANH
CHNG LOI
VT SL N
GI
THNH
TIN
GHI
CH









Ghi ch:
mc ch danh thit b phi nu r rng cc c tnh k thut c bn, cn thit c th nu c xut x, ngun gc ca thit b.
V d:
- Cu ch hp 7A (khng ghi l cu ch chung chung).
143
- Dy in n CADIVI 30/10 (khng ghi l dy in n chung chung)
- CB 1 pha 30A -LG (khng ghi l CB 30A hoc CB 1 pha chung chung)

3.4.3 Vch phng n thi cng
y l cng vic ca ngi thi cng. lm tt vic ny, i hi ngi th phi tun th mt s qui nh sau:
- Nghin cu tht k bn v, kho st cn thn hin trng cng tc.
- Phng n kh thi, thun tin, hp l nht.
- Phng n phi m bo thi cng ng vi tinh thn ca ngi thit k.
- m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b.
- Nn tr tnh cc tnh hung pht sinh, trnh b ng trong qu trnh thc hin.

3.4.4 V d tng hp
a. V cc s trong h thng cung cp in
Trong h thng cung cp in, hu ht cc s u c th hin bng s n tuyn. Trong mt s trng hp cn thit th
dng thm s nguyn l. S ni dy chi tit v s v tr t c dng.
V d 3.23: Trm bin p 22/0,4kV. S n tuyn nh hnh 3.42





144




-
-









-
-
-
V d 3.24: Trm bin p 110/22kV, c d phng lin kt. S n tuyn nh hnh 3.43

HNH 3.42: TRM BIN P 22/0,4kV
TI 2
- V
kWh
- A
2CB
- V
BU
TI 3
- V
kWh
- A
3CB
TI 1
- V
kWh
- A
1CB
3 ~ 22kV
BT
22/0,4kV
FCO
3 ~ 110kV
3DCL
36. 2
MC
4DCL
1DCL
2DCL
37. 1
MC
38. 3
145












V d 3.25: Trm bin p x nghip 22/6/0,4kV. S n tuyn nh hnh 3.44







3 ~ 22kV
1DCL
39. 1
MC
- Y
kWh KVAr
- A
1BT
22/6kV
146



-
















147




V d 3.26: Trm bin p phn phi 110/22/0,4kV. S n tuyn nh hnh 3.45















3 ~ 110kV
1DCL
46. 1
MC
- Y
kWh KVAr
- A
1BT
110/22kV
47. 3
MC
48. Q
49. 2
MC
4BT
50. 4
MC
51. 1
CK
52. 2
CK
53. 3
CK
3 ~ 22kV
3 ~ 22kV
148















V d 3.27: Trm bin p phn phi 22/0,4kV theo s mch vng. S n tuyn nh hnh 3.46




3 ~ 22kV
149




















1BT
22/0,4kV
55. 1
MC
3BT
22/0,4kV
58. 3
MC
2BT
22/0,4kV
57. 2
MC
5BT
22/0,4kV
54. 5
MC
4BT
22/0,4kV
56. 4
MC
3 ~ 380V
3 ~ 380V
3 ~ 380V
150






V d 3.28: S cung cp in dng trong gii tch mng. S n tuyn nh hnh 3.47






-






HNH 3.46: TRM BIN P PHN PHI MCH VNG
22/0,4kV
3 ~ 380V 3 ~ 380V
Z
12A
1MC
2MC
3MC
4MC
8MC
9MC
11MC
12MC
13MC
14MC
15MC
BUS1 BUS2
Z
12B
Z
14
Z
34
Z
23
151



-








b. Chuyn i cc dng s in.
V d 3.29: Chuyn cc s ni dy chi tit cc v d 3.1 n 3.7 sang s n tuyn. S n tuyn nh hnh 3.48 n
3.54






~; N
4
152




















HNH 3.49: S N TUYN TRONG V D
3.2
~; N
~; N
153






-






-






HNH 3.51: S N TUYN MCH N CU THANG
~; N
~; N
154




















HNH 3.53: S N TUYN MCH N NH KHO
~; N
155










V d 3.30: Chuyn s n tuyn trong hnh 3.55 sang s ni dy chi tit.









HNH 3.54: S N TUYN MCH N HUNH QUANG V QUT
TRN
~; N
1
- Ch thch:
Bng B1: CB tng, 2CC, 1 cm, 2 cng tc iu khin n 1, 2
- Bng B2: 1CC, 1 cm, 1 cng tc iu khin n 3.
B1 B2
2
3
59. HNH 3.55: S N TUYN MNG IN SINH
HOT
156




V d 3.31: S v tr ca mt cn h nh hnh 3.56. Hy thc hin:
- V s cung cp in cho cn h ;
- Thuyt minh phng n i dy;
- Lp bng d tr vt t. Bit cc kch thc ca cn h l: chiu di: 12m; chiu rng: 4,8m; chiu cao t la-phng xung nn
l 4m; hng ba di 2,5m.












HNH 3.56: S V TR CA MT CN H
WC
157


V d 3.32: Mt phng hc c kch thc (8x8)m; chiu cao 4m. S v tr nh hnh 3.57. Hy thc hin:
- V s cung cp in cho cn h .
- Thuyt minh phng n i dy;
- Lp bng d tr vt t.



-










HNH 3.57: S V TR CA MT PHNG
HC
Ca sau
B

n


G
i

o

v
i

n



Ca trc
158


V d 3.33: Mt phn xng c kch thc (18x10)m; chiu cao 6,5m. S v tr nh hnh 3.58. Hy thc hin:
- V s cung cp in cho phn xng .
- Thuyt minh phng n i dy.
















3~+ N
HNH 3.58: S V TR CA MT PHN
XNG
159








V d 3.30: Chuyn s n tuyn trong hnh 3.55 sang s ni dy chi tit.













1
- Ch thch:
Bng B1: CB tng, 2CC, 1 cm, 2 cng tc iu khin n 1, 2
- Bng B2: 1CC, 1 cm, 1 cng tc iu khin n 3.
B1 B2
2
3
60. HNH 3.55: S N TUYN MNG IN SINH
HOT
160
I.








II. Gii v d 3.30


-










2 1 3
N
~
161
-





III.
V d 3.31: S v tr ca mt cn h nh hnh 3.56. Hy thc hin:
- V s cung cp in cho cn h ;
- Thuyt minh phng n i dy;
- Lp bng d tr vt t. Bit cc kch thc ca cn h l: chiu di: 12m; chiu rng: 4,8m; chiu cao t la-phng xung nn
l 4m; hng ba di 2,5m.








TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN
Lp:
Tn:
- Ng.
v:
KT:
KHOA IN
T l: 1:1
S:
- MNG IN
- SINH HOT
B2
B1
HNH 3.56: S V TR CA MT CN H
WC
162









IV. Gii v d 3.31





-






TRNG CAO NG NGH QUY NHN
HNH 3..... MT BNG TRNG HC
KWh
WC
3
2 2
2
3
3 2
5
4
3
2
5
2
2 3
4
2
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
2
1
2
Q1
Q2
Q3
3
4
5
6
7
C
61. S N
TUYN
62. S
NGUYN L
163







V. BNG 3.2
STT - CH DANH CHNG LOI VT SL N GI THNH TIN GHI CH
1. Dy in n 30/10 m 50
2. Dy in n 20/10 m 40
3. Dy in i 24 m 100
4. ng dp (10x20) ng 10
5. Bng nha (25x30) v (10x15) Ci 03 + 03
6. Vt 2cm Bc 03
7. Vt 1,5cm v 3,5cm Bc 01 + 01
8. Tc k nha 3mm Bc 10
9. Tc k nha 4mm Bc 03
10. Bng keo in Cun 05
11. n hunh quang 40W, 220V (1,2m) B 04
164
12. n hunh quang 20W, 220V (0,6m) B 02 5; 7
13. n ng 5W, 220V B 01 4
14. CB 220V, 30A Ci 01 CB tng
15. CB220V, 20A 02
16. Cu ch 250V, 7A Ci 08
17. Cng tc 250V, 7A Ci 07
18. cm nhiu l Ci 03
19. Chung in 220V Ci 01
20. Nt n chung Ci 01
21. - Qut trn 220V, 120W + Hp s B 03
V d 3.32: Mt phng hc c kch thc (8x8)m; chiu cao 4m. S v tr nh hnh 3.57. Hy thc hin:
- V s cung cp in cho cn h .
- Thuyt minh phng n i dy;
- Lp bng d tr vt t.



-


B

n


G
i

o

v
i

n



Ca trc
165










Gii v d 3.32








B1 V B3
Q2
Q4
1
7
2
8
3
9
Q1
Q3
4 5 6
B2
10
B4
Ca sau
B

n


G
i

o

v
i

n



Ca trc
2
6
15
3
5
3 2
5 3
3
63. S N
TUYN
B1
B2 B3
B4
1 2 3
6 5 4
7 8 9
10
Q1 Q2
Q3 Q4
4
10
7
8
6
2
166










VI. Bng 3.3

STT - CH DANH CHNG LOI VT SL N GI THNH TIN GHI CH
1. Dy in n 30/10 m 70
2. Dy in i 24 m 120
3. ng dp (10x20) ng 10 - Nhnh vo cc
dy n
4. ng dp (20x30) ng 08 ng ng chnh
5. Bng nha (25x30) v (10x15) Ci 02 + 02
6. Vt 2cm Bc 03
Thuyt minh:
Trc chnh s dng dy n 30/10 (hoc cp M6); ly t sau
CB tng t ti B1. Dy ra n, qut s dng dy i 24 (hoc
cp M1.5).
ng dy c i ni trong ng dp (20x30) v (10x20)
trn trn v tng cc v tr tng ng. ng c c nh
bng vt v tc k nha 2cm.
Cc n, qut lp vo trn nh v tr tng ng.
Cc bng iu khin t cao (1,4 - 1,6)m tnh t nn
nh.
Vt t cn thit c d tr trong bng 3.3.
167
7. Vt 1,5cm v 3,5cm Bc 01 + 01
8. Tc k nha 3mm Bc 10
9. Tc k nha 4mm Bc 03
10. Bng keo in Cun 05
11. n hunh quang 40W, 220V (1,2m) B 18
12. CB 220V, 30A Ci 01 CB tng
13. Cu ch 250V, 7A Ci 14
14. Cng tc 250V, 7A Ci 10
15. cm nhiu l Ci 01 Dng cho thit b
nghe nhn
16. - Qut trn 220V, 120W + Hp s B 04



V d 3.33: Mt phn xng c kch thc (18x10)m; chiu cao 6,5m. S v tr nh hnh 3.58. Hy thc hin:
- V s cung cp in cho phn xng .
- Thuyt minh phng n i dy.




168













A. Gii v d 3.33






S N TUYN
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
8 9
3 3 3
3
3
3
3
Thuyt minh:
Ton b h thng c ng ct qua CB
tng 3 pha c cng sut ph hp.
Trc chnh s dng dy ng bc 4 li c
tit din ph hp. ng dy c lp ni
trn s .
Nhnh r ra tng ng c c i ngm.
S dng cp ng bc 4 li (tit din ph
hp) lun trong ng cch in PVC.
Cc ng c c iu khin bng khi
ng t (vi cng sut v s mch
thch hp) lp trong t iu khin, t ti v
tr cng tc.
Ton b h thng c ni t thng qua
h thng tip a lin kt theo tiu chun.
169





-





170
HOT NG II: T HC V N TP
- Ti liu tham kho cho bi ny:
- L Cng Thnh: GIO TRNH V IN, Trng i hc S phm K thut TP.
HCM - 1998.
- TIU CHUN NH NC: K hiu in; K hiu xy dng.
- Cc tp ch v in, gii thiu sn phm ca cc nh sn xut trong, ngoi nc
hin c trn th trng.
- Trao i nhm v tr li cc cu hi: 3.1 n 3.6.
- Gii cc bi tp: 3.7 n 3.20.
CU HI V BI TP
3.1 Nu s khc nhau v mi lin h gia cc dng s dng trong v in?
3.2 Nu tm quan trng v ngha ca s nguyn l?
3.3 Nu tm quan trng v ngha ca s ni dy?
3.4 Nu cc yu cu khi vch mt phng n i dy chi tit cho mt cng trnh in?
3.5 Nu trnh t v nguyn tc khi chuyn t s ni dy chi tit sang s n
tuyn?
3.6 Phn tch cc yu cu cn thit cho vic c bn v in phc v cng tc thi
cng?
3.7 Mch gm 2 cu ch, 1 cm, 2 cng tc iu khin 3 n si t (c in p
ging nhau v bng vi in p ngun). Hy v s nguyn l, s ni dy
v s n tuyn cho mch in trn.
3.8 Mch chung gi n nhiu ni v t nhiu ni gi n c b tr nh hnh
3.59. Hy hon chnh s nguyn l; v s ni dy v s n tuyn.









3.9 Dng s khc ca n cu thang c b tr nh hnh 3.60. Hy hon chnh s
nguyn l; v s ni dy v s n tuyn.
HNH 3.59: S NGUYN L MCH IU KHIN CHUNG GI
NHIU NI V NH U NI GI N
1CC
N
~
1C
1M
2CC
3M
2C
3C
4C
2M
4M
171








3.10 Mch n iu khin 4 ni (n chiu sng hnh lang) c b tr nh hnh
3.61. Hy hon chnh s nguyn l; v s ni dy v s n tuyn.







3.11 Mch n sng lun phin v n sng t, sng m c b tr nh hnh 3.62:
2K: bc v 1: n 1 sng; bc v 2: n 2 sng;
4K: bc v a: n 3 v 4 sng m; bc v b: n 4 sng t;
Hy hon chnh s nguyn l; v s ni dy v s n tuyn.









3.12 Mch iu khin ng c c b tr nh hnh 3.63 Bit 1 o chiu quay; 2
ch quay 1 chiu. Hy hon chnh s nguyn l v s ni dy.
HNH 3.60: S NGUYN L MCH N CU THANG
2K

1K
N
~
N
~
1CC
1CC

N
~
HNH 3.61: S NGUYN L MCH N IU KHIN 4 NI
CC
1K
2K
4K
3K
HNH 3.62: S NGUYN L MCH N SNG LUN PHIN V N SNG T SNG
M
N
~
4
1K
2
1
2K
3
3K
4K
1CC
2CC
2
1
a
b
172
-













3.13 Mch iu khin ng c c b tr nh hnh 3.64 Bit 1 o chiu quay; 2
m my Y / A. Hy hon chnh s nguyn l v s ni dy.














3.14 Mch o chiu quay ng c 1 pha (kiu ni tr) c b tr bng cu dao 2 ng
c s nguyn l nh hnh 3.65. Hy v s ni dy chi tit.
HNH 3.63: IU KHIN NG C 3 PHA
1 2
A B C
HNH 3.64: IU KHIN NG C 3 PHA
- 1
CD
- 2
CD
-
2
1
A B C
173



-








3.15 Mt cn h c 3 phng; s dng cc thit b sau:
- Phng khch: 1 n hunh quang 1,2m, 1 qut treo tng, 1 chung in v
cc thit b m thanh.
- Phng ng: 1 n hunh quang 1,2m, 1 n ng, 1 qut treo tng, 1 b my
vi tnh bn, 1 bn i in.
- Bp v nh v sinh: 1 n hunh quang 1,2m, 1 n hunh quang 0,6m (trong
toilett) 1 t lnh, ni cm in.
Hy v s cung cp in cho cn h trn v thuyt minh phng n.
3.16 V s nguyn l v s ni dy chi tit cho mch in c s n tuyn
nh hnh 3.66.
-
-







3.17 V s nguyn l v s ni dy chi tit cho mch in c s n tuyn
nh hnh 3.67.
- HNH 3.65: S NGUYN L MCH O
CHIU NG C 1 PHA BNG CU DAO 2 NG
- 2
CD
~
N
- 1
CD
HNH 3.66: S N TUYN MCH IN BI
TP 3.16
~; N
~; N
174














3.18 V s nguyn l v s ni dy chi tit cho mch in c s n tuyn
nh hnh 3.68.









3.19 V s nguyn l v s ni dy chi tit cho mch in c s n tuyn
nh hnh 3.69.








HNH 3.68: S N TUYN MCH IN BI TP 3.18
~; N
HNH 3.69: S N TUYN MCH IN BI TP 3.19
~; N
175
3.20 Mt bng ca mt trng hc nh hnh 3.70. Hy v s cung cp in cho cc
khu vc ca trng v thuyt minh phng n i dy.































KHU HNH CHNH (3 TNG)
KHU
PHNG
HC
B
(4 TNG)
NH THI
U TH THAO
(2 TNG)
XNG THC HNH D
(2 TNG)
XNG THC
HNH E
(2 TNG)
K TC X G1 (4 TNG)
KHU
PHNG
HC
C
(4 TNG)
XNG THC HNH
F
(2 TNG)
3
~


3
8
0
V

KHU PHNG HC A (3 TNG)
K TC X G2 (4 TNG)
HNH 3.70: MT BNG TRNG HC
176


TI LIU THAM KHO

- HNG DN M-UN TRANG B IN 1 (MG), D n Gio dc K thut v
Dy ngh.
- GIO TRNH L THUYT, D n gio dc k thut v dy ngh.
- L Cng Thnh: GIO TRNH V IN, Trng i hc S phm K thut TP.
HCM - 1998.
- TIU CHUN NH NC: K hiu in; K hiu xy dng.
- Cc tp ch v in, gii thiu sn phm ca cc nh sn xut trong, ngoi nc
hin c trn th trng.

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