1

I. Tnh phn trm khi lng nguyn t v lp CT GN

1. Tnh % khi lng nguyn t
a) t chy 4,6g cht A thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,4g H2O.
b) t chy 7,8g cht A ri dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H 2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng nc vi d. Thy khi lng
bnh 1 tng 5,4g, bnh 2 c 60g kt ta.
c) t chy 7,3g cht A dn ton b sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi d. Thy c 1,12 lt kh N 2 thot ra, khi lng bnh
tng 27,5g v khi lng kt ta trong bnh l 40g.
d) t chy hon ton 1,25g cht Y thu c 0,896 lt CO 2 ktc v 0,54g H2O. Mt khc un Y vi dung dch NaOH n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Ly nc lc cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 5,74g kt ta.
2. Lp cng thc n gin nht
a) A (C, H) %C = 80%
b) X (C, H, O) %C = 54,54%%, %H = 9,09%
c) Y (C, H, O,N) %C = 32%%, %H = 6,67%, %O = 42,67%
d) t chy 3,2g cht A c 4,4g CO2 v 3,6g H2O
e) t chy 8,9g cht Z thu c 6,72 lt CO2, 6,3g H2O v 1,12 lt kh N2.
g) t chy hon ton 4,1g cht A thu c 2,65g Na2CO3, 1,35g H2O v 1,68 lt CO2 (ktc).
h) t chy hon ton 4,45g hp cht A cn dng va ht 4,2 lt O 2. Sn phm chy gm 3,15g H2O v 3,92 lt CO2 v
N2. Cc th tch ktc.
II. Lp CTPT
1. Cho cc cht A, B, C c CT GN l CH, CH2O, C2H4O. Lp CTPT ca A, B, C bit:
a) A c PTK bng 78
b) B c t khi hi so vi hidro bng 30
c) 4,4 gam C c th tch hi bng th tch ca 1,6 gam oxi.
2. Cho cc cht X (C, H), Y (C, H, O), Z (C, H, N), E (C, H, O, N). Lp CTPT ca X, Y, Z, E bit phn trm khi lng ca
nguyn t v PTK l:
a) %C = 85,19%, M = 54
b) %C = 40%, %H = 6,67%, M = 180
c) %C = 61,02%, %N = 23,73%, phn t ch c mt nguyn t nit.
d) %C = 40,82%, %N = 9,5%, %H = 6,1%, M = 147
3. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht A (C, H, N) thu c 0,2 mol CO2, 0,35 mol H2O v 0,05 mol N2. Lp CTPT ca A.
4. t chy hon ton 9,2 gam cht A thu c 8,96 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam nc. T khi hi ca A so vi nito bng 1,64. Lp
CTPT ca A
5. Oxi ho hon ton cht X cn 0,375 mol oxi thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. CTPT A ?
6. t chy hon ton 2,2g cht A c 4,4g CO 2 v 1,8g nc. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng lm bay hi 1,1g A th th tch hi
thu c ng bng th tch ca 0,4 gam kh O2.
7. t chy hon ton 2,85g cht X phi dng va ht 4,2 lt O 2 (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO 2 v H2O theo t l 44 : 15 v
khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca X bit t khi hi ca X i vi C2H6 bng 3,8.
p s:
I. 1.a) %C = 52,17%, %H = 13,04%, %O = 34,78% ;
1.b) %C = 92,3%, %H = 7,7%,
1.c) %C = 65,75%, %H = 15,07%, %N = 23,29%
1d) %C = 38,4%, %H = 4,8%, %Cl = 56,8%
2.a) CH3 ; b) C2H4O ; c) C2H5NO2 ; d) CH4O ; e) C3H7O2N ; g) C2H3O2Na ; h) C3H7O2N
II. 1. a) C6H6, b) C2H4O2, c) C4H8O2
2. a) C4H6, b) C6H12O6, c) C3H9N, d) C5H9NO4
3. C2H7N, 4. C2H6O, 5. C2H4O, 6. C4H8O2, 7. C6H10O2
BI TP VN DNG 2
Cu 1: t chy hon ton 4,6 gam cht hu c A thu c 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. T khi ca A so vi khng kh bng
1,58. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A.
S: C2H6O
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 1,5 g cht hu c X thu c 1,76 gam CO 2, 0,9 gam H2O v 112ml N2 00C v 2atm. Mt khc nu ho
hi 3 g X th thu c 0,8 lt hi X 1270C v 1,64atm. Tm cng thc phn t ca X.
S: C2H5O2N
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 0,3 gam cht hu c A cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, N ri cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1
ng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng Ca(OH)2 thy khi lng cc bnh tng ln lt l 0,18 gam v 0,22 gam, ng thi c 112ml N 2 thot
ra (ktc). Bit t khi ca A so H2 l 30. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t cht A.
S: CH4ON2
Cu 4: Khi t chy hon ton 10 lt mt hirocacbon A th kh thu c 40 lit CO2 v 32,148g H2O.
a)
Lp cng thc phn t ca A, vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca A.
b)
Tnh th tch khng kh cn thit t chy hon ton 2,24 lit kh A.
(Cc th tch kh o ktc, N2 chim 80% v O2 chim 20% th tch khng kh)
S: C4H8
Cu 5: t chy hon ton 11,6 gam cht hu c X thu c 13,44 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam nc. Mt khc ly 2,9 gam X lm bay
hi th th tch hi thu c bng th tch ca 1,3 gam C2H2 cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
S: C3H6O
Cu 6: t chy hon ton 112 cm3 (ktc) mt hiro cacbon th kh ri cho sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh I ng H 2SO4 c v
bnh II ng KOH d thy khi lng bnh I tng 0,18 gam v khi lng bnh II tng 0,44 gam. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t
hiro cacbon.
S: C2H4

Cu 7: Phn tch 1,85 gam cht hu c A ch to thnh CO2, HCl v hi nc. Ton b sn phm phn tch c dn vo bnh cha
lng d dung dch AgNO 3 th thy khi lng bnh cha tng 2,17 gam, xut hin 2,87 gam kt ta v thot ra sau cng l 1,792 lt
kh duy nht (ktc). Tm cng thc phn t v vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca cht A.
S: C4H9Cl
Cu 8: t chy 400ml hn hp gm mt hiro cacbon v N 2 vi 900ml O2 (c d), th tch kh thu c l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho hi
nc ngng t th th tch kh cn li l 800ml. Cho hn hp kh cn li ny li qua dung dch KOH c th th tch kh cn li l
400ml. Tm cng thc ca hiro cacbon, bit cc th tch kh o cng iu kin.
S: C2H6
Cu 9: Trn 200ml hi cht hu c cha C, H, O vi 900ml kh O 2 c d ri t chy. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh c th
tch 1,3 lit, nu lm ngng t hi nc th hn hp kh cn li l 700ml, cho hn hp kh ny i qua dung dch NaOH d thy cn li
100ml kh. Hy xc nh CTPT cht hu c, bit cc th tch kh o cng iu kin.
S: C3H6O
Cu 10: Xc nh cng thc v gi tn mt hiro cacbon A cha 20% hiro v khi lng.
S: C2H6
Cu 11: Mt cht hu c A cha C, H, O c t khi so vi H2 bng 16. Tm CTPT v vit CTCT ca cht A.S: CH4O
Cu 12: Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt hiro cacbon no cha r mch h hay mch vng ngi ta dng ht 84 lt khng kh
(ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t hiro cacbon (Bit khng kh c 20% O2 v 80% N2 v th tch)
S: C5H10
Cu 13: Khi t chy 4,2 g mt hp cht hu c X thu c 13,2g CO2 v 5,4 g H2O. Xac inh cng thc n gin nht ca X.
Cu 14: t chy ht 10ml th tch hi mt cht hu c A cn dng ht 30ml O 2, sn phm thu c ch gm CO 2 v hi nc c
th tch bng nhau v u bng th tch O2 phn ng. Lp cng thc phn t cht A.
S: C3H6O3
Cu 15: Mt hp cht A c MA<170. t chy hon ton 0,486 gam A sinh ra 405,2ml CO 2 (ktc) v 0,270 gam nc. Xc nh
cng thc phn t cht A.
S: C6H10O5
BI TP V NH
Bi 1: t chy hon ton a(g) mt hidrocacbon A mch h. Sn phm chy c dn qua bnh cha nc vi trong c d, thu c
3 g kt ta, ng thi bnh nng thm 1,68 g. Tm CTPT ca A bit MA= 40.
Bi 2: t chy hon ton 1,23g mt hp cht hu c X thu c 2,64g kh CO 2, 0,45 g H2O v 224ml N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca X
so vi khng kh l 4,24138. Xc nh CTPT ca X.
Bi 3: t chy hon ton 0,88 g X mt hp cht hu c. Sn phm gm 0,896 lt CO 2 (ktc), v 0.72 g nc. T khi hi ca X so
vi khng kh gn bng 3,04. Xc nh CTPT ca X.
Bi 4: t chy hon ton 3 g hp cht hu c A thu c 4,4 g CO 2 v 1,8 g nc. Bit t khi ca A so vi He l 7,5. Tm CTPT
ca A.
Bi 5: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c B cn 2 mol kh O2, thu c 2 mol kh CO2 v 2 mol nc. Tm CTPT ca B.
Bi 6: t chy hon ton 1 lt kh X cn 5 lt kh oxi, sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO 2 v 4 lt hi nc. Bit cc kh o cng iu
kin nhit v p sut. Tm CTPT ca X.
Bi 7: Nicotin c trong thuc l l mt hp cht rt c, c th gy ung th phi. t chy 16,2g nicotin bng oxi va , sn phm
chy ln lt dn qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 m c, bnh 2 cha dung dch nc vi trong d. Nhn thy bnh 1 nng thm 12,6g, bnh
2 nng thm 44g. Sau khi dn sn phm chy qua bnh 1 v 2 th cn li 224ml kh N 2 (ktc). Bit 85 < M nicotin < 230. Tm CTPT ca
Nicotin.
Bi 8: t chy 200ml hi 1 cht hu c A cha C, H, O trong 900ml O 2, th tch hn hp kh thu c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi cho hi
nc ngng t, ch cn 700ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH c ch cn 100ml (cc kh o cng iu kin). Tm CTPT ca A.
Bi 9: t chy hon ton 4,5 g mt hp cht hu c X c cha nit thu c 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc), 3,6 g nc, nit chuyn thnh NH 3.
Cho NH3 thu c i qua 200ml dd HCl 1M. trung ha HCl d cn 100ml dd KOH 1M. T khi hi ca X i vi khng kh bng
1,5517. Xc nh CTPT ca X.
Bi 10: t chy hon ton 11,6 g mt hp cht hu c X c cha nit thu c 26.4 g CO 2, 10,8 g nc, nit chuyn thnh NH3.
Cho NH3 thu c i qua 300ml dd H2SO4 1M. trung ha H2SO4 d cn 500ml dd NaOH 0,8M. T khi hi ca X i vi khng
kh bng 2,034. Xc nh CTPT ca X.
Bi 11: t chy hon ton 2,79 g hp cht hu c Y ri cho cc sn phm chy i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH, thy bnh
CaCl2 tng thm 1,89 g v bnh KOH tng thm 7,92 g. Mt khc, khi t chy 0,186 g Y th thu c 2240ml kh N 2 (ktc). Bit Y
ch cha mt nguyn t Nit.
Bi 12: t chy hon ton hp cht X ch cha 2 nguyn t, ngi ta thu c 8,96 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 9,0 g nc. T khi ca X so
vi khng kh l 2. Tm CTPT ca X.
Bi 13: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp gm 4 hidrocacbon C 2H6, C3H6, C4H6, C5H12 thu c 22g CO2 v 18g nc. Tnh gi tr
ca a.
Bi 14: t 10 cm3 mt hidrocacbon bng 80 cm 3 oxi (ly d). Sn phm thu c sau khi cho hi nc ngng t cn 65 cm 3 trong
c 25 cm3 l oxi (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Tm CTPT ca hidrocacbon .

Bi 15: t chy hon ton 1,08g mt hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm chy qua dung dch Ca(OH) 2 th khi lng bnh tng
thm 4,6g v thu c 4g kt ta. un nng dung dch th thu c 2 g kt ta na. Tm CTPT ca A, bit MA = 54.