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BO TON OXI TRONG PHN NG CHY HO HU C. I.t vn . Bo ton oxi l mt b phn ca nh lut bo ton nguyn t. Gip chng ta gii nhanh h n ng!n g"n h n c#c bi tp t ch#y m $h%ng c&n c'n b(ng phn )ng. *hn )ng ch#y t+ng ,u#t.x/y012t 3 04 5 .04 3 /40 G"i 6 mol ca .x/y012t - a mol 04- b mol .04- c mol /40 - 7 mol 8hi 9 ta c9 ph: ng t;<nh 6au- 1.a 3 4.b = 4.c 3 >.7. ?@i 1A 4A 4A > l&n l:Bt l 6 nguyn tC oxi t;ong .x/y012tA 04 A.04 A/40. DE lm nhanh c#c bi tp chng ta c&n nh@ c#c iEm 6au>. .F*F t+ng ,u#t c#c loGi hBp chHt hIu c . 4. 2hIng ph'n tC J.x/yA .x/y01K m t;ong cHu tGo ca n9 c9 mt LMng noA hoNc c9 mt lin $Ot %i J .=.A .=0K $hi t ch#y 6 n.04 = n/40. ?P 7Q- xicloan$anA an$Rn- .n/4n Sn7Rhit noA n ch)c. TRton noA n ch)c. Sncol $h%ng noA n ch)c mGch hU- .n/4n0 Sxit cacboxylic noA n ch)c. V6tR noA n ch)c mGch hU- . n/4n04 W. .#c hBp chHt hIu c 7X n ch)c hay a ch)cA t;ong ph'n tC chY ch)a lin $Ot n th< 6 n.04 Z n/40. ? n/40 [ n.04 = nT JT l an$anA ancol no n ch)c mGch hU...K II. ! "# $# t%&-J t;Pch t;ong c#c \ thi F] ^/ nhIng n_m ,uaK ! "# '- ^t ch#y hon ton h+n hBp g`m 4 hi;ocacbon $O tiOp c&n Laa hOt bA>cmol 04A thu :Bc bA>d mol /40. T#c nh .F*F 4 hi;ocacbon t;n. Gii^Nt .F*F 4 hi;ocacbon t;n l- .x/y. b l 6 mol .04. *F*e- .x/y 3 04 5 .04 3 /40. bA>c mol b mol bA>d mol fp 7Qng nh lut bo ton oxi ta c9bA>c.4 = 4b 3 bA>d =g b= bA>>. Fa thHy n.04 Z n/40 nn 4 hi;ocacbon l an$an. .n/4n34 3 04 5 n.04 3 Jn3>K/40 nhJn3>K = bA>>hbA>d =g n = WAi. ?y 4 hi;ocacbon t;n l- .W/iA .d/c. ! "#(- ^t ch#y hon ton > ancol T thu :Bc .04 L /40 c9 6 mol t: ng )ng l W-d. FhE tPch 04 c&n 7Xng E t ch#y hOt T b(ng >Aj l&n tht tPch .04 thu :Bc U cXng i\u $ikn..F*F ca T lS. .W/c0W B. .W/c0 .. .W/c04 D. .W/d0.

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Gii. Fa thHy n.04 Z n/40 nn T l ancol noA c9 .F*F- .n/4n340x- a mol Gi 6C 9t ch#y >mol ancol ta c9- n.04=W molA n/40 = d mol. =g n = Wh> = W. n04 = W.>Aj = dAj mol. fp 7Qng nh lut bo ton 0xi ta c9x.> 3 4.dAj = 4.W 3 d =g >. ?y .F*F ca T l- .W/c0. #p #n B.

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! "# )- T l mt ancol no mGch hU. ^t ch#y hon ton bAbl mol T c&n jAig 04A thu :Bc h i n:@c L iAig .04. .F ca T lS. .W/l0/ B. .W/iJ0/K4 .. .W/jJ0/KW D. .4/dJ0/K4 Gii. Do T l ancol no nn n/40 = n.04 3 nT = bAbj 3 bA>j = bA4 mol. n04 = jAihW4 = bA>lj mol. ^Nt .F*F ca T l- .n/4n340x - a mol fp 7Qng nh lut bo ton 0xi ta c9- x.bAbj 3 bA>lj.4 = 4.bA>j 3 bA4 =g x = W. mNt $h#c n = n.04hnT = bA>jhbAbj = W. ?y .F*F ca T l- .W/c0WA hay .W/jJ0/KW. ^#p #n .. ! "# *- ^t ch#y hon ton h+n hBp W ancol n ch)cA thuc cXng mt 7ny `ng ongA thu :Bc WAcbc lPt .04J$tcK L jAdg /40. FPnh gi# t; ca mp S.jAd4g B. dAl4g .. lAd4g D. jAl4g. Gii. n.04= bA>l mol n/40 = bAW mol. Fa thHy n.04 Z n/40 nn chng l W ancol no. nancol = n/40 [ n.04 = bAW [bA>l = bA>W mol. ^E tPnh m ta c&n tPnh $hi l:Bng ca oxi tham gia phn )ngA 6au 9 #p 7Qng nh lut bo ton $hi l:Bng. ^Nt .F*F W ancol l- .n/4n340- bA>W mol. n04- a mol ta c9 ph: ng t;<nh- >.bA>W 3 4a = 4.bA>l 3 bAW =g a = bA4jj mol. ?y m = bA>l.dd 3 jAd [ bA4jj.W4 = dAl4g. ^#p #n B. ! "# +- ^t ch#y hon ton mt l:Bng h+n hBp T g`m 4 ancol JnoA a ch)cA mGch hUA cXng nh9m 0/K c&n Laa ? lPt 04 J$tcK thu :Bc >>A4 lPt .04J$tcK L >4Aig /40. FPnh ?p S. >>A4 lPt B. >dAji lPt .. dAdc lPt D. >jAic lPt Gii. n.04= bAj mol n/40 = bAl mol. Fa thHy n.04 Z n/40 nn chng l ancol no. nancol = n/40 [ n.04 = bAl [bAj = bA4 mol.

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^Nt c%ng th)c chung ca 4 ancol l- .n/4n340x. Fa c9- n = n.04hnancol = bAjhbA4 = 4Aj. ?y c9 mt ancol c9 6 nguyn tC . Z 4Aj. m t;ong ancol a ch)c th< 4 qx qnA nn chng l ancol 4 ch)cA hay x = 4. fp 7Qng nh lut bo ton oxi ta c9- 4.bA4 3 4.?h44Ad = 4.bAj3 bAl =g ? = >dAji lPt. ^#p #n B. ! "# ,- ^t ch#y hon ton bA> mol axit cacboxylic n ch)cA c&n Laa ? lPt 04 J$tcKA thu :Bc bAW mol .04 L bA4 mol /40. Gi# t; ca ? lp S. iAl4 lPt B. dAdc lPt .. cAri lPt D. >>A4 lPt Gii. Do l axit n ch)c nn t;ong phsn tC c9 4 nguyn tC oxi. ^Nt .F*F ca axit l- .x/y04- a mol. fp 7Qng nh lut bo ton oxi ta c94.bA> 3 4.?h44Ad = 4.bAW 3 bA4. =g ? = iAl4 lPt. ^#p #n S. ! "# -- ^t ch#y hon ton mg h+n hBp g`m W ancol J n ch)cA thuc cXng mt 7ny `ng ongKA thu :Bc cAri lPt .04 J$tcK L >>Alg /40. mNt $h#c ung n9ng m gam T L@i 7ung 7ch /4]0dNc th< t+ng $hi l:Bng RtR ti a thu :Bc lp S. iAjb B. lAcj .. lAdi D. jAib Gii. n.04 = bAd mol n/40 = bAij mol. .hng l ancol noA n ch)c. nancol = n/40 [ n.04 = bAij [bAd = bA4j mol. G"i n04- a mol fp 7Qng nh lut bo ton oxi ta c9- bA4j 3 4a = 4.bAd 3 bAij =g a = bAi mol. mancol = dd.bAd 3 >>Al [ W4.bAi = >bA>g mancol = mRtR 3 m/40. J n/40 = >h4 nancol = bAih4 = bAWK mRtR = >bA> [ >c.bAW = lAcjg. ^#p #n B. ! "# .- /+n hBp T 4 R6tR noA n ch)cA mGch hU. t ch#y hon ton > l:Bng T c&n 7Xng Laa WArli lPt 04 J$tcKA thu :Bc iAWcg .04. mNt $h#cA T t#c 7Qng L9i 7ung 7ch 2a0/ thu :Bc mt mui L 4 ancol `ng ong $O tiOp. .F*F ca hai R6tR lp S. .4/d04A .W/i04 B. .4/d04A .j/>b04 .. .W/i04A .d/c04 D. .W/d04A .d/i04 Gii. Do t#c 7Qng L@i 7ung 7ch 2a0/ thu :Bc mt mui L 4 ancol `ng ong $O tiOpA nn 4 R6tR l `ng ong $O tiOp. ^Nt .F*F T l- .n/4n04- a mol. n04= bA>ljj mol Do R6tR noA n ch)c nn n.04=n/40 = bA>dj mol fp 7Qng nh lut bo ton oxi ta c9- 4.bA>ljj 3 4a = bA4r 3 bA>dj.

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a = bAbd mol =g n= bA>djhbAbd = WAi4j. ?y h+n hBp T g`m- .W/i04A .d/c04 . ^#p #n .. ! "# /- 8hi t ch#y hon ton dAd gam chHt hIu c T n ch)c thu :Bc 6n phsm ch#y chY g`m dAdc lPt .04 J$tcK L WAi gam n:@c. .ho dAd gam T t#c 7Qng L@i 7ung 7ch 2a0/ Laa A $hi phn )ng xny ;a hon ton dAc gam axit hIu c t L chHt h:u c u. Fn g"i ca T lp S. RtylaxRtat B. mRtylp;opionat .. Rtylp;opylonat D. i6op;opionat Gii. T l chHt hIu n ch)c phn )ng L@i 2a0/ thu :Bc mui ca axit hIu c L chHt hIu c u. mNt $h#c n.04 =n /40 = bA4 mol=g l R6tR no n ch)c. ^Nt .F*F ca T- .n/4n04v a mol m04 p)= cAc3WAi[ dAd= cg =g n04 = bA4j mol. fp 7Qng nh lut bo ton oxi ta c9- 4a 3 4.bA4j = 4.bA4 3bA4 =g a= bAbj mol =g n= bA4hbAbj=d. .F*F ca T l .d/c04. 8hi phn )ng L@i 7ung 7ch 2a0/. w.00wx 3 2a0/ 5 w.002a 3 wx0/ m w.002a = dAchbAbj = ri =g w= 4r J[ .4/jK. ?y T l - .4/j.00./W ^#p #n B. ! "# '0- /+n hBp T g`m 4 R6tR TAt tGo bUi > ancol L 4axit cacboxylic $O tiOp nhau t;ong 7ny `ng ong JmTZmtK ^t ch#y hon ton m gam h+n hBp u c&n iA>i lit 04J$tcK thu :Bc jAi lPt .04J $tcK L dAj gam /40..F*F ca R6tR T L gi# t; ca m lp S. /.00./W L iAl B. ./W.00./W L iAl .. /.00.4/j L rAj D. J/.00K 4.4/d L iAi. Gii. Fa c9- n.04 = n/40 = bA4j mol=g h+n hBp T l R6tR no n ch)c. n04 = iA>ih44Ad = bA4lj mol ^Nt c%ng th)c chung ca 4 R6tR l .n/4n04- a mol. Fa c9 ph: ng t;<nh- 4.a 3 4.bA4lj = 4.bA4 3 bA4 =g a = bA> mol. n = n.04hnT = A4jhbA> = 4Aj. ?y t;ong T phi c9 mRtylyomiatJ .4/d04K m = m.04 3 m/40 [ m04 = bA4j.dd 3 dAj [ bA4lj.W4 = iAlg .