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nCO < nH O
2 2
nancol= 2nH
4. Ancol tch nc to c anken Ancol no n chc 5. Tch nc 2 ancol c 2 anken lin tip cng l 2 ancol no n chc, mch h lin tip. 6. Hai anken lin tip cng H2O c 2 ancol lin tip. 7. Ch qui tc Zaixep, Maccopnhicop xc nh ng sn phm tch H2O v cng H2O. 8. - Ancol b oxi ha thnh anhit l ancol bc I (t CTPT: R-CH2OH) - Ancol b oxi ha thnh xeton l ancol bc II (t CTPT: R-CH(OH)-)-R1 - Ancol khng b oxi ha l ancol bc III 9. t CTPT ancol no: CnH2n+2-x(OH)x. iu kin: n 1 v x n. 10. Phenol tc dng vi Br2 cho kt ta trng 2,4,6-tribromphenol, tc dng vi acid nitric(HNO3) vi xc tc H2SO4c cho kt ta vng 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (axit picric) 11. Ancol a chc tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh c trng th cc nhm OH phi k nhau. 12.Cng thc tnh s ng phn ancol n chc no, mch h : Cn H2n+2O S ng phn Cn H2n+2O = 2n- 2 ( 1 < n < 6 ) V d : S ng phn ca ancol c cng thc phn t l : a. C3H8O = 23-2 = 2 b. C4H10O = 24-2 = 4 c. C5H12O = 25-2 = 8 13.Cng thc tnh s C ca ancol no, ete no hoc ca ankan da vo phn ng chy : S C ca ancol no hoc ankan =
n CO2 nH2O n CO2
( Vi nH 2 O > n CO 2 )
V d 1 : t chy mt lng ancol no n chc A c 15,4 gam CO2 v 9,45 gam H2O . Tm cng thc phn t ca A ?
nCO2 0,35
2 2
Vy A c cng thc phn t l C2H6O V d 2: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon A thu c 26,4 gam CO2 v 16,2 gam H2O . Tm cng thc phn t ca A ?
HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc ( Vi nH 2 O = 0,7 mol > n CO 2 = 0,6 mol ) => A l ankan
nCO2 nH2O n CO2 0,6
S C ca ankan =
0,7 0,6
=6
Vy A c cng thc phn t l C6H14 14. Cng thc tnh khi lng ancol n chc no hoc hn hp ankan n chc notheo khi lng CO2 v khi lng H2O : m CO mancol = mH 2 O - 11
2
V d : Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol n chc no, mch h thu c 2,24 lt CO2 ( ktc ) v 7,2 gam H2O. Tnh khi lng ca ancol ? mCO 4,4 mancol = mH 2 O 11 = 7,2 - = 6,8
2
BI TP
(1). Gi tn r-u sau: CH3-CHCl-CH(CH3)-CH2OH A. 2-metyl-3-clobutanol-1 , B. 3-clo-2-metylbutanol-1 , C. 2-clo-3-metylbutanol-4 D. 2-clo-3-metylpentanol-1 (2 ). Cl2 B tc chui P sau: A B (sn phm chnh) KOH D d d KMnO4 E. Bit rng E l mt glycol c ba nguyn t C . A, B, D, E Ln l-t l: a. C3H8, CH3-CHCl-CH3, CH3 CH=CH2, CH3-CHOH-CH2OH b. C3H8, CH3-CHCl-CH2Cl , CH3-CHOH-CH2OH CH3-C HOH-CH2OH c. CH3-CHCl-CH3, CH3-CHCl-CH2Cl, CH3-CH=CH2, CH3-CHOH-CH2OH. d. CH2=C=CH2, CH2Cl-CCl2-CH2Cl, CH3-CCl-CH2OH, CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH (3 ). So snh tnh axt( tnh linh ng ca H trong nhm OH ) ca H2O, CH3OH , CH3-CHOH-CH3.Sp xp theo th t tnh axit tng dn: A. H2O < CH3OH < CH2-CHOH-CH3 B. H2O < CH3-CHOH-CH3 < CH3OH C. CH3-CHOH-CH3 < CH3OH < H2O D. CH3OH < CH2-CHOH-CH3 < H2O (4 ). Trong cc r-u sau: 1,CH3OH ; 2, CH3-CHOH-CH3. 3, (CH3)3COH. 4, CH3-CHOH-CH2-CH3. R-u no khi b oxi hacho ra mt xeton,r-u no kh b oxi ha.chokt qu theo th t sau: A. ch c 3. B. ch c 2, 3 . C. ch c 2. D. ch c 3,4.
Cu 5: Anken X c cng thc phn t l C5H10. X khng c ng phn hnh hc. Khi cho X tc dng vi KMnO4 nhit thp thu c cht hu c Y c cng thc phn t l C5H12O2. Oxi ha nh Y bng CuO d thu c cht hu c Z. Z khng c phn ng trng gng. Vy X l A. 2-metyl buten-2. B. But-1-en. C. 2-metyl but-1-en. D. But-2-en. (6 ). So snh nhit si ca ben zen , phenol, paracezol sp xp th t nhit si tng dn: A. benzen < phenol< p-crezol C. p-crezol < ben zen <phenol. B. phenol < benzen < p-crezol D. phenol <p-crezol < benzen (7 ). So snh tan trong n-c ca benzen, phenol, etanol sp theo th t tan tng dn: A. Ben zen < phenol < etanol. B. Benzen < etanol < phenol. C. Benzen < etanol < etanol. D. Etanol < benzene < phenol.
(X)
2O
(Y) C. 3
xt
polime (Z)
D. 4
OH CH 2
+
CH 3
nH2O
Hy cho bit X c th tc dng vi cht no sau: Na ; NaOH ; NaHCO3 ;brom(dd) ; CH3COOH (xt H2SO4 c) ? A. Na ; NaOH ; NaHCO3 ;brom(dd); CH3COOH (xt H2SO4 c). B. Na ; NaOH ; dd Br2; CH3COOH (xt H2SO4 c) C. Na ; NaOH ; brom(dd); D. Na, NaOH. Cu 18. Cho s phn ng sau: p-Xilen X1 (C8H9Br) X2 (C8H9ONa) X3 (C8H10O). a/ Hy cho bit, X1, X2, X3 v X4 cht no c kh nng phn ng th H trong vng benzen cao hn? A. X1 B. X2 C. X3 D. p-Xilen b/ Khi cho X3 tc dng vi dung dch Br2, hy cho bit sn phm thu c l: A. 2,4-imetyl-1,3-ibromphenol B. 1,3-ibrom-2,4-imetyl phenol C. 2,4-ibrom-3,6-imetylphenol D. 2,4-ibrom-3,5-imetyl phenol Cu 19. Cht hu c X c cha vng benzen v c cng thc phn t l C8H10O. X tc dng vi Na nhng khng tc dng
(4): B + Q
E. C2H6O
H1802SOo4d
Buten-1
HBr
H2O/NaOH
Z Bit
X, Y, Z u l cc hp cht hu c v l nhng sn phm chnh ca tng giai on. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. CH3-CH(Br)-CH2-CH3, CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH=CH-CH3 B. Br-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3; Ho-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3; CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 C. CH3-CH(Br)-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3; CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 D. CH3-CH(Br)-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 Cu 26: ng phn no ca C4H9OH khi tch nc s cho ba olefin? A. Ancol butylic B. Ancol isobutylic C. Ancol sec-butylic D. Ancol tert-butylic
CHUYN RU PHNOL
Dng 2:Phn ng ca ru vi kim loi kim Loi I :Bi tp t lun Bi 1:Cho 3,7 gam mt ru n chc tc dng vi Na d thu c 700 cm3 H2 (o 27,30C v 0,88 atm ).Xc nh cng thc tng qut v cng thc cu to ca ru (C4H9OH) Bi 2: Cho m gam ru n chc X tc dng vi Na d th thu c 1,12 lt H2 .Nu t chy lng ru trn th cn va 10,08 lt CO2 v to thnh 6,72 lt CO2 cc kh u o ktc a.Tnh m (6 gam) b.Tm cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca X (C3H8O v c 2 ru c cng thc ny ) Bi 3:Mt hp cht hu c A ch cha (C,H,O) .Khi ha hi 0,31gam A th thu c th tch bng th tch ca 0,16 gam O2 trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut . Mt khc cng 0,31 gam A tc dng vi Na d th thu c 112 ml H2 (ktc) .Tm cng thc phn t ca A (C2H6O2) Bi 4: Khi t chy hon ton 6,44 gam mt r A th thu c 9,24 gam CO2 .Mt khc khi cho 0,1 mol A tc dng hon ton vi Na thi thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc) . Tm cng thc phn t v gi tn A (C3H5(OH)3)
CHUYN RU PHNOL
Dng 3:Phn ng tch nc ca ru v hp nc ca anken Bi 1: Hydrat ha 14,8 gam mt ru th thu c 11,2 gam anken .Cng thc tng qut ca ru l A.C2H5OH B.C3H7OH C.CH3OH D.C4H9OH Bi 2: Thc hin phn ng tch nc vi mt ru n chc A iu kin thch hp sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht hu c B (c t khi hi so vi A bng 1,6. Xc nh cng thc phn t ru A A. C2H5OH B. C4H9OH C. CH3OH D. C3H7OH Bi 3: un nng m1 gam ancol no, n chc A vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c m2 gam cht hu c B. T khi hi ca B so vi A bng 1,4375. Hiu sut ca phn ng t 100%. Cng thc phn t ca A l