GII HN HM S

(Trch tp ch THTT)
LaTeX: phong36a@gmail.com
02/10/2012
Mc lc
1 Gii hn hm s ca dng v nh
0
0
2
1.1 Dng 1: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm phn thc i s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Dng 2: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm phn thc cha cn thc bc hai . . . 2
1.3 Dng v dnh
0
0
ca hm phn thc cha cn thc bc 3 . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Dng 4: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm phn thc cha cn thc bc cao . . . 3
1.5 Dng 5: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm phn thc cha cn thc khng cng
bc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.6 Dng 6: Dng v nh
0
0
ca mt hm hm s lng gic . . . . . . . . . 4
1.7 Dng 7: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm s m v hm s logarit . . . . . . . . . 4
1.8 Dng 8: p dng nh ngha o hm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Gii hn hm s ca dng v nh

, , 1

, 0. 6
2.1 Dng v dnh

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Dng v nh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Dng v nh 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Dng v nh 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Mt s dng ton lin quan 7
3.1 Dng 1: Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s ti mt im . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Dng 2: Tnh o hm ca hm s ti mt im . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1
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1 Gii hn hm s ca dng v nh
0
0
1.1 Dng 1: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm phn thc i s
Tm lim
xx
0
f(x)
g(x)
trong f(x), g(x) l cc hm a thc khc 0 nhn x = x
0
l nghim
Cch gii: Ta c lim
xx
0
f(x)
g(x)
= lim
xx
0
(x x
0
)f
1
(x)
(x x
0
)g
1
(x)
= lim
xx
0
f
1
(x)
g
1
(x)
= ... = lim
xx
0
f
k
(x)
g
k
(x)
=
f
k
(x
0
)
g
k
(x
0
)
. Vi
iu kin f
2
k
(x
0
) + g
2
k
(x
0
)
Th d 1: Tnh lim
x1
x
3
+ x
2
2
x
4
x
3
+ x
2
+ x 2
Bi tp t luyn
Tm cc gii hn sau:
a. lim
x
1
2
8x
3
1
6x
2
5x + 1
b. lim
x1
2x
4
5x
3
+ 3x
2
+ x 1
3x
4
8x
3
+ 6x
2
1
c. lim
x

2
2x
3
(4

2 + 1)x
2
+ (4 + 2

2)x 2
x
3
(2

2 + 1)x
2
+ (2 + 2

2)x 2
1.2 Dng 2: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm phn thc cha cn thc bc
hai
Tm lim
xx
0
_
f(x) a
g(x)
trong
_
f(x
0
) = a v g(x
0
) = 0
Cch gii: Khi thc hin php nhn biu thc lin hp
_
f(x) +a ta c lim
xx
0
_
f(x) a
g(x)
=
lim
xx
0
f(x) a
2
g(x)(
_
f(x) + a)
= lim
xx
0
(x x
0
)f
1
(x)
(
_
f(x) + a)(x x
0
)g
1
(x)
= lim
xx
0
f
1
(x)
(
_
f(x) + a)g
1
(x)
=
f
1
(x
0
)
2a.g
1
(x
0
)
Ch : Vic tm cc gii hn lim
xx
0
_
f(x) a
_
g(x) b
, lim
xx
0
_
f
1
(x)
_
f
2
(x)
g(x)
, lim
xx
0
_
f
1
(x)
_
f
2
(x)
_
g
1
(x)
_
g
2
(x)
hon ton tng t.
Th d 2: Tnh lim
x1

x + 8 3
x
2
+ 2x 3
Th d 3: Tnh lim
x1

x +

x 1 1

x
2
1
Ch : Khi tm gii hn hm phn thc cha cn bc 2 dng
0
0
i khi ta tch thnh tng cc
phn thc dng trn ri nhn lng lin hp.
Bi tp t luyn
Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a. lim
x2

x + 2

2x

x 1

3 x
b. lim
x1
x 1

x
2
+ 3 + x
3
3x
c. lim
x2

x 1 + x
4
3x
3
+ x
2
+ 3

2x 2
2
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1.3 Dng v dnh
0
0
ca hm phn thc cha cn thc bc 3
Tm lim
xx
0
3
_
f(x) a
g(x)
trong
3
_
f(x
0
) = a v g(x
0
) = 0
Cch gii: Thc hin php nhn biu thc lin hp
3
_
f
2
(x) + a
3
_
f(x) + a
2
Ch : Vic tm cc gii hn dng lim
xx
0
3
_
f(x) + a
g(x)
; lim
xx
0
3
_
f(x) a
3
_
g(x) b
;
lim
xx
0
3
_
f(x) a
_
g(x) b
; lim
xx
0
3
_
f
1
(x)
3
_
f
2
(x)
_
g
1
(x)
_
g
2
(x)
;
lim
xx
0
3
_
f
1
(x)
3
_
f
2
(x)
3
_
g
1
(x)
3
_
g
2
(x)
hon ton tng t.
Th d 4: Tnh lim
x2
3

4x 2
x 2
S:
1
3
Th d 5: Tnh lim
x1
3

x + x
2
+ x + 1
x + 1
Bi tp t luyn: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a. lim
x1
3

2x 1
3

x 1
b. lim
x1

2x 1 + x
2
3x + 1
3

x 1 + x
2
x + 1
1.4 Dng 4: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm phn thc cha cn thc bc
cao
Dng thng gp: Tm lim
x0
n

1 + ax 1
x
Cch gii: t t =
n

1 + ax t
n
= 1 + ax x =
t
n
1
a
v khi x 0 th t 1
Khi lim
x0
n

1 + ax 1
x
= lim
t1
a(t 1)
t
n
1
=
a
n
Th d 6: Tnh lim
x0
5

1 + 5x 1
x
Bi tp t luyn: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a. lim
x0
4

2x + 1 1
x
b. lim
x1
4

4x 3 1
x 1
c. lim
x1
7

2 x 1
x 1
1.5 Dng 5: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm phn thc cha cn thc khng
cng bc
Cch gii: Thm v bt mt s hng thch hp, tch ra thnh hai gii hn ca dng v nh
0
0
Th d 7: Tnh lim
x0
2

1 + x
3

8 x
x
(Hng dn: thm bt 2 t s)
Th d 8: Tnh lim
x0

1 + 2x
3

1 + 3x
x
2
(Hng dn: thm bt 1+x t s)
Bi tp t luyn: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a. lim
x2
3

8x + 11

x + 7
x
2
3x + 2
b. lim
x0
3

1 + x
2

1 2x
x + x
2
c. lim
x0

1 + 4x
3

1 + 6x
x
2
d. lim
x1
4

2x 1 +
5

x 2
x 1
3
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e. lim
x0
(x
2
+ 2004)
7

1 2x 2004
x
f. lim
x0
(x
2
+ 2001)
9

1 5x 2001
x
1.6 Dng 6: Dng v nh
0
0
ca mt hm hm s lng gic
nh l: lim
x0
sin x
x
= 1
H qu: lim
xa
sin u(x)
u(x)
= 1 (nu lim
xa
= 0); lim
x0
x
sin x
= 1; lim
x0
tan x
x
= 1
Th d 9: Tm lim
x

2
(
1
cos x
tan x) Lm theo 2 cch
Th d 10:Tm lim
x

3
sin x

3 cos x
sin 3x
.
Bi tp t luyn:
Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim
x0
1 cos x.

cos 2x
x
2
; b) lim
x

4
sin x

2
2
tan x 1
.
c) lim
x0
cos
4
x sin
4
x 1

x
2
+ 1 1
d) lim
x0
1
3

cos x
tan
2
x
e) lim
x0
cos (

2
cos x)
sin
2
x
2
g) lim
x0
1

2x + 1 + sin x

3x + 4 2 x
h) lim
x0

1 |1 + sin 3x|

1 cos x

i) lim
x0
_
1 cos 3x. cos 5x. cos 7x
sin
2
7x
_
k) lim
x

4
3

tan x 1
2 sin
2
x 1
m) lim
x0
1 cos x. cos 2x
x
2
1.7 Dng 7: Dng v nh
0
0
ca hm s m v hm s logarit
nh l: lim
x
_
1 +
1
x
_
x
= e; lim
x
(1 + x)
1
x
= e; lim
x0
ln 1 + x
x
= 1; lim
x0
e
x
1
x
=
1
Th d 11 : Tnh lim
x0
e
ax
e
bx
x
Th d 12: Tnh lim
x0
ln tan
_

4
+ ax
_
sin bx
Th d 13:Tnh lim
x0
ln (sin x + cos x)
x
Bi tp luyn tp :
Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a. lim
x0
e
sin 2x
e
sin x
sin x
; . lim
x0
e
2x
1

1 + x

1 x
c. lim
x0
e
3x
2
. cos
2
x 1
x
2
; d. lim
x0
3
x
2
cos x
x
2
e. lim
x0
e
2x
2

1 + x
2
ln (1 + x
2
)
; g. lim
x0
e
cos xcos 3x
cos 2x
x
2
4
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1.8 Dng 8: p dng nh ngha o hm
Ta c f

(x
0
) = lim
xx
0
f(x) f(x
0
)
x x
0
Th d 14 :Tm A = lim
x0
(x
2
+ 2010)
9

1 9x 2010
x
Th d 15 :Tm B = lim
x0
1

2x + 1 + sin x

3x + 4 2
Bi tp t luyn:
Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a. lim
x1
4

2x 1 +
5

x 2
x 1
; b. lim
x0
1

2x + 1 + sin x

3x + 4 2
c. lim
x0
e
sin 2x
e
sin x
sin x
; d. lim
x

4
3

tan x 1
2 sin
2
x 1
e. lim
x0
e
2x
2

1 + x
2
ln (1 + x
2
)
Mt s bi trong cc thi
Bi 1: lim
x1

2x 1

x
x 1
(HVNH-98)
Bi 2: lim
x1
x
3

3x 2
x 1
(HQG-98)
Bi 3: lim
x0
2

1 + x
3

8 x
x
(HQG KA-97)
Bi 4: lim
x1
4

2x 1 +
5

x 2
x 1
(HSP II KA-99)
Bi 5: lim
x0
1 cos
2
2x
x sin x
(H N KD-97)
Bi 6: lim
x0

1 |1 + sin 3x|

1 cos x

(HQG KB 97)
Bi 7: lim
x0
_
2
sin 2x
cot x
_
(HL-98)
Bi 8: lim
x0
tan x sin x
x
3
(HVKTQS-97)
Bi 9: lim
x0
cos
_

2
cos x
_
sin
2
x
2
(HTN-KA-97)
Bi 10: lim
x0
1 sin 2x cos 2x
1 + sin 2x cos 2x
Bi 11: lim
x0
tan(a + x). tan(a x) tan
2
a
x
2
(HTN-98)
Bi 12: lim
x0
98
83
_
1 cos 3x. cos 5x. cos 7x
sin
2
7x
_
(HAN KA00)
Bi 13: lim
x0
1

2x + 1 + sin x

3x + 4 2 x
(HGTVT 98)
Bi 14: lim
x0

1 + x
2
cos x
x
2
(HTM-99)
Bi 15: lim
x0
1

cos x
1 cos

x
(HHH-97)
Bi 16: lim
x0

1 + tan x

1 + sin x
x
3
(HHH 00)
Bi 17: lim
x0
e
sin 2x
e
sin x
sin x
(HHH 99)
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Bi 18: lim
x1
x
3
+ x
2
2
sin(x 1)
(HQG KD-99)
Bi 19: lim
x0
e
2x
2

1 + x
2
ln(1 + x
2
)
(GTVT 01)
Bi 20: lim
x0

2x + 1
3

x
2
+ 1
sin x
(HQG-00)
Bi 21: lim
x1

5 x
3

x
2
+ 7
x
2
1
(TCKT-01)
Bi 22: lim
x0

1 + 2x
3

1 + 3x
x
2
(H Thy Li -01)
Bi 23: lim
x

4
_
tan 2x. tan
_

4
x
_
(HSP II-00)
Bi 24: lim
x0
3
x
2
cos x
x
2
(HSP II-00)
Bi 25: lim
x0
cos
4
x sin
4
x 1

x
2
+ 1 1
(HHH-01)
Bi 26: lim
x0

x + 1 +
3

x 1
x
(TK-02)
Bi 27: lim
x1
x
6
6x + 5
(x 1)
2
(TK-02)
Bi 28: lim
x0
1

2x
2
+ 1
1 cos x
(HBK-01)
2 Gii hn hm s ca dng v nh

, , 1

, 0.
2.1 Dng v dnh

Cch gii : kh dng v nh

ta thng chia t v mu cho ly tha bc cao nht ca

bin.
Th d 1 : Tnh lim
x+
_
x +

x + 1
Th d 2 : Tnh lim
x+
x
2
+ 2x + 1
x

x + 1
Bi tp t luyn :
Tnh cc gii hn:
a. lim
x+
x + 1
x

x +

x
; b. lim
x+

x +
3

x +
4

2x + 1
2.2 Dng v nh
Cch gii: Thc hin php nhn lin hp kh dng v nh . i khi phi cng
thm v bt mt s hng tch thnh hai gii hn dng , ri mi thc hin php nhn
lin hp nh trn.
Th d 3: Tm lim
x+
(

x
2
1 x)
Th d 4 : Tm lim
x+
(
3

x
3
+ 3x
2

x
2
x + 1)
Bi tp t luyn:
Tm cc gii hn sau:
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a. lim
x+
(

x
2
+ x + 1

x
2
x + 1) b. lim
x+
(

4x
2
+ 3x 1
3

8x
3
5x
2
+ 3)
2.3 Dng v nh 1

Tm lim
x+
_
f(x)
g(x)
_
x
, trong lim
x+
f(x)
g(x)
= 1
Cch gii: Bin i
f(x)
g(x)
= 1 +
1
t
, khi x + t +. a v gii hn c bn
lim
t+
_
1 +
1
t
_
t
= e
Th d 5 : Tm lim
x+
_
x + 3
x + 1
_
x
Bi tp t luyn:
Tm cc gii hn:
a. lim
x+
_
2x + 3
2x 1
_
x
b. lim
x+
_
x + 3
x 1
_
x
2.4 Dng v nh 0.
Cch gii: Bin i a v dng
0
0
hoc

Th d 6: (a v dng
0
0
) Tm lim
x1
+
(x
3
+ 1)
_
x
x
2
1
Th d 7: (a v dng

Tm lim
x+
(x 2)
_
x + 1
x
3
x
Bi tp t luyn:
Tm cc gii hn:
a. lim
x4
+
(x
2
16)
_
x
x
3
64
b. lim
x+
x 1
x
3
+ 5

x + 2
3 Mt s dng ton lin quan
3.1 Dng 1: Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s ti mt im
Cch gii (S dng nh ngha)
Hm s y = f(x) lin tc ti im x = x
0
khi v ch khi lim
xx
0
f(x) = f(x
0
)
i khi ta phi s dng n tnh lin tc tng pha ti im x = x
0
. Hm s y = f(x) lin
tc ti im x = x
0
khi v ch khi lim
xx
+
0
f(x) = lim
xx

0
f(x) = f(x
0
).
Th d 8: Tm a hm s sau lin tc ti im x = 1 :
f(x) =
_
_
_
3

x 2 +

2x 1
x 1
khi x = 1
a khi x = 1
Th d 9: Cho f(x) =
_
e
x
khi x < 0
a + x khi x 0
Hy tm a sao cho hm s f(x) lin tc.
Bi tp t luyn:
Tm m hm s f(x) lin tc:
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a. f(x) =
_
_
_
tan x 3 cot x
3x
khi x =

3
m khi x =

3
b. f(x) =
_
e
x
khi x < 1
mx 1 khi x 1
3.2 Dng 2: Tnh o hm ca hm s ti mt im
Cch gii: S dng nh ngha o hm ca hm s ti mt im
Th d 10: Tnh o hm ca hm s sau ti im x = 0:
y = f(x) =
_
_
_
e
tan xsin x
1
x
2
khi x = 0
0 khi x = 0
Bi tp t luyn:
1. Tnh o hm ca hm s sau ti im x = 0: y = f(x) =
_
ln (cos 2x)
sin x
khi x = 0
0 khi x = 0
2. Cho hm s y = f(x) =
_
x
2
khi x 1
ax + b khi x > 1
Tm a, b f(x) c o hm ti im x = 1
3. Chng minh rng hm s y =
x
2
2|x + 3|
3x 1
lin tc ti x = 3 nhng khng c o hm ti
im ny.
Ht
8
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