QUY TRNH TH NGHIM MY BIN P

NI DUNG

I/ Tiu chun, khi lng th nghim my bin p

1. Cc my bin p in lc phi c th nghim xc nh cht lng thit b trong qu trnh ch to, khi xut xng, hay trong vn hnh hng nm. Cng tc th nghim nhm mc ch gim st cht lng sn xut v gim st cht lng vn hnh ca thit b nhm gim xc sut s c cng nh tin hnh cc k hoch bo dng d phng, sa cha. 2. Khi lng cc hng mc, tiu chun v thi gian th nghim my bin p tu thuc vo nhiu yu t: nh in p v dung lng nh mc ca my bin p, iu kin lm vic ca my bin p, tm quan trng ca my bin p...

II/ Cc hng mc th nghim chnh ca my bin p lc

1. Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi 2. o in tr cch in. 3. Xc nh tang gc tn hao in mi (tg) 4. Th nghim chu in p mt chiu tng cao v xc nh dng in r. 5. Th nghim chu in p xoay chiu tng cao tn s cng nghip. 6. Th nghim chu in p xung thao tc. 7. Th nghim chu in p xung st tiu chun. 8. Th nghim phng in cc b. 9. Th nghim chu in p qu p cm ng tn s cao. 10. Th nghim xc nh cht lng du cch in : 11. Th nghim xc nh t u dy. 12. Th nghim xc nh t s bin p. 13. Th nghim khng ti.

14. Th nghim ngn mch. 15. Th nghim xc nh n nh nhit. 16. Th nghim hiu chnh th vng ca b chuyn nc phn p. 17. Th nghim xc nh kh nng chu p lc ca v my. 18. Th nghim xc nh kn ca v my. 19. Th nghim xc nh n . 20. Th nghim xc nh n nh ng (th nghim ngn mch trc tip in p nh mc) . Trong thc t vn hnh, cng tc th nghim my bin p phi b qua mt vi hng mc do thiu cc thit b th nghim cn thit. Hin nay, vi trang thit b th nghim hin c, cc hng mc th nghim s 6, 7, 8, 15 , 17, 19, 20 cha th thc hin c

III/ Trnh t v phng php th nghim:

1.Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi:

- Quan st tng th my bin p, kim tra tnh trng v my, cnh tn nhit, s u vo, thng du ph xem c vt try xc, vt va chm mnh, s c nt v, cc vt r du ( kn cc mt bch trn v my) do chuyn ch, lp t khng ng qui nh. i vi cc my bin p c thit b kim tra rung trong qu trnh chuyn ch, cn phi xem kt qu o rung ny c t yu cu nh ch to hay khng. - Kim tra nghing mt bng t my theo thit k. - Kim tra tip a v my. - Kim tra tip a trung tnh ca cun dy c trung tnh ni t trc tip. - Kim tra tnh lp ng ca cc thit b (k c cc thit b ph lp sn ti nh my ch to) nh r le hi, van phng n (tho ngm hm van phng n trc khi a my vo vn hnh ). Trong mc ny cn c hng mc kim tra tnh lp ng ca b truyn ng vi b chuyn nc phn p iu p di ti. Phn ny c thc hin theo hng dn ca nh ch to i vi tng loi b chuyn nc phn p di ti. - Kim tra tnh lp ng v trng thi cc van du tun hon, van du ly mu, van du lin thng gia thng du ph v b iu p di ti, van du gia thng my v cc cnh tn nhit. - Kim tra mc du trong my.

2. o in tr cch in :
Khi o cn tun th cc yu cu sau y: 1. Khng o in tr cch in khi my bin p ang trong trng thi m v m mi trng cao. 2. V v li ca my bin p phi c ni t. 3. Ngt ton b dy ni vi my bin p ti: - Cc cc ni cao th, h th - Cc cc ni trung tnh - Cc cc ni n bo, qut v.v... 4. Lm sch v my v cc cc ni trc khi o 5. Khng o in tr cch in ca my bin p cch in du trong trng thi du b rt ht bi v in tr cch in khi du ch bng 1/4 n 1/2 in tr cch in khi my khng c du. 6. Cc cc ni ca tng cun dy phi c ni ngn mch. 7. in tr cch in c o gia tng cun dy vi cc cun khc c ni t.

8. Sau khi kt thc php o, phi ni t tt c cc ni cho phng ht in (S o c trnh by trn cc hnh v). 9. in tr cch in ph thuc vo nhit v t l nghch vi nhit . My bin p ngui c in tr cch in cao hn in tr cch in ca my bin p trng thi nng. Dng mgmt 2500V o in tr cch in pha cao p, dng mgmt 1000V o in tr cch in pha h p: - i vi MBA 1 pha ch c 1 s cao th o h p vi v v cao p 1 u ni vi v my; - i vi MBA 1 pha c 2 s cao phi o gia cao-h, cao-v v h-v; - i vi MBA 3 pha th o cch in gia cao-h, cao-v v h-v. in tr cch in ca cc bu-lng p li thp v cc x p tn (o bng mgmt 2500V) khng c gim thp hn 50% so vi s liu xut xng ca nh ch to. Nu khng c s liu ca nh ch to th khng c thp hn 2M.

i vi my bin p 110kV v cao hn, k c i vi cc my bin th ln 35kV (cng sut 7500kVA v cao hn), in tr cch in R60 c kim tra trng thi nng khi nhit lp du trn 50-60 0C. Tr s in tr cch in R60 khng tiu chun ho m cn c vo s liu ca nh sn xut khi xut xng. Nu tr s R60 o khi th nghim nhit khc vi nhit o ca nh ch to th cn phi hiu chnh li theo qui tc: gim nhit i 10 0C th tr s in tr cch in nhn ln 1,5 ln hay theo bng sau.

Bng 1 Chnh lch nhit khi th 5 nghim ti xng v ni lp t ( 0C) 10 15 20 25 30 35

H s bin i in tr cch in

1,2 1,5 1,8 2,3 2,8 3,4 4,1

Th nghim o in tr cch in thng c tin hnh trc hoc sau khi sa cha hoc bo dng. D liu th nghim thng c ghi li dng cho mc ch so snh v sau. Quy tc chung c s dng i vi cc gi tr nghim thu dng cho ng in an ton l tr s cch in 1 mgm trn 1kV ca gi tr nh mc trn nhn my v cng thm 1 mgm. Cc gi tr tham kho i vi h thng cch in tt c cho trong bng 2

Bng 2: Gi tr in tr cch in in hnh ca ccMBA lc v phn phi: in p dy qun MBA (KV

in tr cch in dy qun t (M )

20 0C < 6,6 6,6 - 19 400 800

30 0C 200 400

40 0C 100 200

50 0C 50 100

60 0C 25 50

22 - 45 66

1000 1200

500 600

250 300

125 100 75

65

Dy qun cao p vi dy qun h p. S ni dy th nghim in tr cch in ca my bin p mt pha c cho trn hnh 1.1. Gi tr c mgm k phi ng vi nhit v c hiu chnh v nhit 20 0C theo bng 2.2. Nu gi tr th nghim ti ch ln hn mt na gi tr th nghim xut xng hoc 1000 M th h thng cch in ca my bin p coi l an ton i vi th nghim cao p. i vi my bin p ba dy qun trnh t th nghim nh sau:

Hnh 1.1: S ni dy th nghim in tr cch in ca my

bin p ba pha

K hiu u dy: L (line) - pha; E (earth) - t; G (guard) - mn chn bo v.

- a. Ni dy qun cao p vi h p v t; - b. Ni dy qun cao p vi t v dy qun h p vi mn bo v; - c. Ni dy qun h p vi cao p v t; - d. Ni dy qun h p vi t v cao p vi mn bo v; - e. Ni dy qun cao p vi dy qun h p. Cao p vi h, trung p v t (H - LTG) Trung p vi cao, h p v t (T - HLG) H p vi cao, trung p v t (L - HTG) Cao, h v trung p vi t (HLG - G) Cao v trung p vi h p v t (HT - LG) H v trung p vi cao p v t (LT - HG) Cao v h p vi trung p v t (HL - TG)

Khng tin hnh th nghim dy qun my bin p khng du v tr s in tr cch in ca khng kh thp hn ca du. Do vy, khng tin hnh th nghim in tr cch in ca my bin p trong chn khng v c kh nng gy phng in xung t. Hnh 1.1 l s th nghim in tr cch in ca my bin p ba pha. S a, c, e l s thng s dng. S hnh 2.5 b v d cho kt chnh xc hn. Kt qu c theo s hnh2.5a v b thc t cho kt qu tng t theo s 2.5e. Gi tr in tr cch in i vi my bin p kh v my bin p nha phi so snh vi in tr cch in cp A ca my in quay mc d khng c gi tr in tr tiu chun cc tiu.

My bin p du v b iu chnh in p to ra vn c bit v iu kin du cch in gy nh hng ng k n in tr cch in ca dy qun. Nu khng c thng tin chc chn v in tr cch in ca my bin p c th s dng cng thc sau:
IR CE S

y IR l in tr cch in cc tiu o bng mgm k 500V sau 1 pht gia dy qun vi t, vi cc dy qun khc nhau. - C l hng s 20 0C cho trong bng 3 - E l in p ca dy qun th nghim. - S dung lng nh mc ca dy qun (kVA).

Bng 3: Gi tr ca C 20 0C My bin p du c bnh dn du My bin p du khng c bnh dn du My bin p kh hoc nha 60Hz 1,5 30,0 30,0 25Hz 1,0 20,0 20,0

Cng thc trn dng cho cc my bin p mt pha. Nu my bin p cn th nghim l ba pha v th nghim ba dy qun ring r nh mt dy qun th E l in p nh mc ca dy qun mt pha (in p dy khi ni tam gic v in p pha khi ni hnh sao), cn S l dung lng nh mc ca ton b dy qun ba pha.

3. o h s hp th in mi:
H s hp th l t s gia Rc o bng Mgmmt sau 60 giy k t lc t in p vo v Rc o sau 15 giy. Khth = R60 / R15. Nu cch in kh th h s hp th ln hn 1 kh nhiu, cn cch in m th h s hp th gn bng 1. H s hp th cng khng tiu chun ho. Thng thng, h s hp th trong khong nhit t 10 0C n 30 0C ca cc my bin p khng b m nm trong gii hn nh sau: i vi cc my bin p 35kV v thp hn, h s hp th kth 1,3. Cn vi my bin p 110kV v cao hn th h s hp th nm trong gii hn: kth = 1,5 - 2,0. Khi my bin p b m hay c khuyt tt, h s hp th kht 1.

4. Xc nh tang gc tn hao in mi (tg)

a) o gc tn tht in mi l mt trong nhng phng php ph bin nht nhm pht hin tnh trng xung cp chung ca cch in. S gi ho, s thm m, s xut hin nhiu bc kh trong cch in thng dn n s tng tn hao in mi tg. b) i vi my bin p, tr s tg c th cho bit nhng khuyt tt chim mt phn th tch ng k ca cch in (nh s gi ho chung, s thm m) nhng n khng th pht hin mt cch chnh xc nhng khuyt tt tp trung. c) Trong iu kin vn hnh, thng o tg in p khng qu 10kV, khng ph thuc vo in p nh mc ca thit b in, v o vi in p cao hn i hi thit b o cng knh, to ln. d) Tiu chun qui nh o tn tht in mi tg thng ch p dng i vi cc my bin p c in p t 20kV tr ln. y l mt ch tiu quan trng xc nh m ca my bin p. Gi tr tg khi tin hnh th nghim lp t nhit chnh lch vi nhit ca nh ch to cn hiu chnh li bng cch chia gi tr s cho ca nh ch to cho h s bin i K2 theo bng 4 nh sau:

Bng 4:
Chnh lch nhit 5 khi th nghim ti xng v ni lp t (0 0C) H s bin i in tr 1,15 cch in K2 10 15 20 25 30 35

1,3

1,5

1,7 1,9

2,2

2,6

Gi tr tg cun dy khi th nghim vi du ph hp vi iu kin nu nh tg ca du khng vt qu 1% nhit 20 0C25 0C