Thiu cng bng trong tng gi in

V Thnh T Anh1 Th Nm, 3/3/2011, 15:34 (GMT+7) (TBKTSG) - K t ngy 1-3-2011, gi in bnh qun c tng thm 15,3%. y l mt chnh sch cn thit gim bt tnh trng gi in b bp mo trong nhiu nm, nh gim tr cp cho cc hot ng s dng in khng hiu qu, ng thi khuyn khch u t cho sn xut in. >> M x gi in: Rt cn s minh bch Trong mt thi gian di, vic duy tr gi in tng i thp khuyn khch s pht trin thi qu ca mt s ngnh cng nghip thm dng nng lng. Mt v d in hnh l tnh trng d tha cng sut ca ngnh thp. Gn mt na s d n thp ln hin nay khng h nm trong quy hoch, trong khi cng sut thc t ca cc nh my thp hin hu ch t khong 50% so vi cng sut thit k. Khi nhn vo nhng con s ny th kt qu xut khu hn 1 triu tn thp vi kim ngch 1,2 t la trong nm 2010 (tng 250% v lng v 260% v gi tr so vi 2009) c l l iu ng lo hn l ng mng. Tng t nh vy, mt phn nh vo chi ph nng lng thp m Vit Nam tr thnh mt trong mi quc gia sn xut xi mng ln nht th gii, v trong nm 2010 xut khu c gn 1 triu tn clinker v xi mng. ng lu l theo ny, cc nh my xi mng mi vn ang tip tc ra i li dng nng lng gi r. Theo Hip hi Xi mng Vit Nam, vi xu th ny th n nm 2020, mc cung ni a s d tha t 30-35 triu tn xi mng, tng ng vi 30% cng sut, trong khi th trng xut khu li bp bnh, khng chc chn. Mc d vic tng gi in l mt bc i ng hng nhm ci thin hiu qu s dng in nhng n li t ra nhng cu hi ln v tnh cng bng. Theo kin ca mt v th trng B Cng Thng th vic b bao cp ton dn 50 kWh u s gip trnh tr cp nhm cho ngi giu, ngi khng phi thu nhp thp. Th nhng, nu nhn vo s liu v t l tin in tng thm cho cc mc tiu dng in khc nhau th chng ta li thy mt bc tranh ngc li. R rng l theo biu gi mi, mt h gia nh cng tiu dng nhiu in th t l tin in phi ng thm cng t. C th l nhng h tiu dng di 50 kWh nhng khng c chng nhn h ngho s khng nghim nhin c hng mc tr gi nh trc, v v th tin in phi ng s cao hn 65,5% so vi trc (xem bng). Vi vic khng tr gi i tr cho 50 kWh u tin, nhm c mc tiu th nm trong khong 51-75 kWh/thng s l nhm chu tc ng ln nht v ha n tin in ca h s
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Gim c Nghin cu Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright

tng trong khong 69-95%. Tri li, mc tng gi p dng i vi cc h s dng nhiu in cha n 4%, thp hn rt nhiu so vi mc tng gi in trung bnh 15,3%. Vi bng gi in c thit k nh th ny, mt h phi dng n 290 kWh/thng mi phi ng thm 15,3% tin in; v nu dng ti 400 kWh/thng th t l ng thm ch cn l 11,2% - hon ton tng phn vi mc tng 65-95% ca nhm s dng di 75 kWh/thng. nh l do gi in trc y ca h ngho tng i thp nn t l tng c th phi nhiu hn, song chnh lch n mc ny th qu l thiu tnh cng bng i vi cc h ngho. bin minh cho vic nhng h hng thng dng t 400 kWh tr ln khng phi chu bc thang no cao hn, v th trng ni trn ca B Cng Thng pht biu rng theo tnh ton ca b, s h thuc nhm ny chim cha ti 2%. ng l 2% khng ln, song mi h trong s ny c th tiu th mt lng in gp 10, thm ch 20 ln cc h ngho th t trng in tiu th v do vy, kh nng tit kim ca h khng h nh. Cch thit k biu gi in tiu dng hp l hn s l vn tip tc tr cp i tr cho 50 kWh u tin, ng thi tng gi in theo mt t l cao hn i vi nhng h gia nh dng nhiu in. Cch lm ny va hiu qu hn (nh khuyn khch tit kim in nhng i tng s dng nhiu in nht), va cng bng hn v cn c vo kh nng chi tr ca ngi s dng v khng lm tin in ca cc h ngho tng t bin. Chnh ph ang vn ng ngi dn ng cam cng kh vi nhng kh khn ca nn kinh t trong thi bui lm pht. Th nhng ngi dn thc s ng lng th Chnh ph, trong phm vi c th kim sot c, cng cn m bo rng gnh nng kh khn c phn b mt cch cng bng. ng thi, Chnh ph cng cn ci thin hiu qu ca nn kinh t t c c s ci thin phc li ca nhn dn. Trong trng hp c th ca ngnh in, iu ny c ngha l EVN phi n lc ci thin hiu qu hot ng, gim ti a tht thot, ng thi gim tn sut v mc nghim trng ca tnh trng ct in.