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Mc lc

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LI M U Loi ngi bit lm bnh t thi trung c, nhng chic bnh u tin c sn xut ra t nc Anh. Nhng chic bnh u tin c lm ra ch t mt s t nguyn liu nh: bt m, mui v nc. Vo thi y, lm bnh l mt cng vic nng nhc v vic n bnh cng khng d dng, bnh mun n c phi ngm vo cc loi thc ung nh tr, sa, nc, hoc sp cho mm mi dng c.Ngi Vit Nam bit n bnh biscuit khi ngi Php mang chng n nc ta trong chin tranh vo khong cui th k th 19. Ngy nay, nguyn liu dng sn xut bnh rt phong ph v bnh l mt mt hng c gi tr cao v mt dinh dng v cung cp nhiu nng lng Nhng nm gn y, ngnh bnh Vit Nam pht trin rc r, khng ch nhiu v s lng m cn phong ph v mu m, gi thnh cng nh cht lng. Bnh ngy nay, c s dng nh mt loi thc n c bn trong cc ba n, bnh c xem nh mt thc phm tng cng dinh dng v c bit bnh cn c dng lm qu biu vo nhng dp L, Tt. Bnh c phn thnh nhiu loi da vo m ca bnh, da vo cc phng php to hnh hay phng php lm n.Vi nhng loi bnh nh sandwich, biscuit cng vi bnh cookie l dng bnh nng rt thng dng v tin li, chng c mi v thm ngon v hp dn. Ngoi ra cn c nhiu loi bnh nh bnh cake, waferang ngy cng c bit n nhiu hn. Hin nay th bnh c sn xut vi s lng kh ln, mi v v hnh dng bnh phong ph hn. to ra nhng chic bnh thm ngon i hi nh sn xut phi c nhng nguyn liu cht lng cao cng vi cng thc lm bnh ring cho mi loi bnh, ng thi phi c phng php lm n bnh thch hp. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n c H Xun Hng gio vin ging dy mn Cng Ngh Sn Xut ng Bnh Ko to iu kin chng em tip xc vi ti Phng php ha hc lm n bnh chng em c th hiu r v s bin i hay cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nng cao kin thc. Sinh vin thc hin

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NI DUNG I. Cc tc nhn ha hc lm n bnh Ni v cc cht gip n, c l nn chia thnh hai nhm c bn, lin quan n hai loi bnh chnh l bnh m (bread) v bnh ngt (cake) (tht ra chia nh th ny khng hon ton chnh xc, nhng mc cn bn th chia theo cch ny s d hiu nht). Vi bnh m (bao gm c cc loi bnh m ngt, croissant), th c s dng gip bnh n l men n (yeast). Cn vi bnh ngt th hai loi cht gip n thng dng l bt n (baking powder) v mui n (baking soda/ bicarb). Tuy nhin, cn phi ni thm l khng phi loi bnh ngt no cng cn dng bt n hay mui n, v c ring mt dng bnh (Foam Cake) da vo bt kh trong trng hay lng trng trng nh bng n m khng cn n s h tr ca bt n. 1. Baking soda Thnh phn L tn gi khc ca hp cht sodium bicarbonate (ting Vit: natri bicacbonat, natri hirocacbonat), c thnh phn ha hc l NaHCO3

(Ngun: http://hoachatjsc.com/p/6112/nahco3) c im y l mt ph gia thc phm thuc nhm INS500 (gm Natri Carbonat (i), Natri Hydro Carbonat (ii), Natri sesquicarbonat(iii)) trong INS (International Numbering System) l h thng nh ch s quc t do y ban Tiu chun Thc phm quc t Codex xc nh cho mi cht ph gia. Cht ny theo h thng "s E" ca chu u c gi l E500(ii). Baking soda c tm thy trong qung nahcolite nhng ni c hoc tng c sui khong, loi khong cht ny c to ra t hng ngn nm trc khi m cc sng h b bay hi mt cch nhanh chng bi nhit cao. Do c s dng rt rng ri trong thc phm nn n c
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nhiu tn gi, bread soda, cooking soda, bicarbonate of soda, trong ting Vit c bit n nhiu hn vi tn "thuc mui", "mui n". Trong ngn ng giao tip thng thng, tn ca n c rt ngn xung cn natri bicarb, bicarb soda, hoc ch n gin l bicarb. y l hp cht khi gp nhit nng hay tc dng vi cht c tnh acid s gii phng ra kh CO2 (carbon dioxide/kh cacbonic). (Phuong trinh hoa hoc minh ha )V vy, baking soda c dng trong nu n, nh to xp cho nhiu loi bnh nh cookies, muffin, biscuits, quy Thm vo st c chua hay nc chanh lm gim nng acid, hoc cho vo nc ngm u hay lc nu s lm gim thi gian ch bin, u mm ngon v hn ch tnh trng b y hi khi n cc loi ht u, . Soda cng rt hiu qu khi c dng ch bin cc mn tht hm hay gn, c bp ng vt tng t nh nu u, c c iu l do kh cacbonic khi c gii phng ngm vo v lm mm cc loi thc phm. Trong y t, soda c dng trung ha acid cha au d dy; dng lm nc xc ming hay s dng trc tip ch ln rng loi b mng bm v lm trng

Hnh 1. Baking soda Baking soda c kt cu ht nh, mn v c mu rt trng, an ton vi con ngi v thn thin vi mi trng, gi thnh r v cng dng a nng. Ngoi s dng trc tip cho con ngi, soda cn c dng lau chi dng c nh bp , ty ra cc khu vc cn v sinh nh tnh nng mi mn, tc dng vi mt s cht (ng cn), rc vo cc khu vc xung quanh nh chng mt s loi cn trng. Baking soda dng trong thc phm l loi tinh khit, c th mua hiu thuc (tn l thuc mui hay natri bicacbonat), ni bn nhng dng c lm bnh vi nhng hng uy tn.
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Khng nn mua soda ni ca hng ha cht s dng trong nu nng v khng an ton (khng tinh khit, cha nhiu tp cht) v khng r ngun gc. (Ngun: Dr.Lakshmi J, Associate Professor,Dept of Food Chemistry, Bakery and Confectionary Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Bapatla, page 23 25) (Ngun:http://www.savourydays.com/tu-hoc-lam-banh-can-ban-cac-chat-gay-no-men-no-botno-muoi-no-phan-loai-va-cac-luu-y-khi-su-dung/) 2. Baking powder Thnh phn Baking powder (bt ni, bt n). Thnh phn ca baking powder gm - Sodium bicarbonate (soda), l cht to bt, kh. - Cc mui acid (kh): + Monocalcium phosphate + Sodium acid pyrophosphate + Sodium aluminum phosphate + Sodium aluminum sulfate y l cc mui acid chnh c dng sn xut baking powder. Chng c thi gian phn ng khc nhau khi tc dng vi soda nhm mc ch duy tr qu trnh n trong thi gian lm chn bnh t c kt cu (texture) tt nht. - Tinh bt ng: L nguyn liu cui cng trong sn xut baking powder, n l mt cht tr, c tc dng lm kh v ti bt n, khng b ng cc; ngn cc cht ny phn ng vi nhau; ng thi gip cho vic chun ha khi lng ca baking powder, d dng trong vic cn ng khi lm bnh. Khi c mt cng thc, nu nhc n bt n/ni th l baking powder. Baking powder c nghin cu, sn xut vi mc ch duy nht l hon thin nhng chic bnh, v vy u im ca n hn hn baking soda trong vic to n v c th s dng trong nhiu loi bnh khc nhau.

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Hnh 2. Cc thnh phn ca mt loi baking powder c im L cht gy n, ng thi cng l ha cht, baking powder khng gy nh hng n sc khe con ngi nhng cng ging nh mui n, dng va phi s an ton nht. Nhiu ngi hay lo lng mi khi s dng bt n cho vo bnh, cho nh cng thc th hi t, cha yn tm, s bnh khng n Cn bit rng, vi nhng loi bnh dng b, trng th lun c n nht nh, bt n nu thm vo ch h tr mt phn. c bit l nhng loi bnh cn trng nh bng nh gateau, chiffon hn hp nh, nu trng nh bng bnh s n tt, hn na cc loi bnh ny c cu trc xp, bt kh ca baking powder ln trong nn cng khng c tc dng g ngoi gii quyt yu t tm l . Nu trng cha bng th d bt n c lm bnh phng ln th khi ngui s vn xp v cu trc bt- trng khng vng, bnh khng ng c. Cc loi bnh thng s dng baking powder thng l nhng l loi c hn hp kh, chc nh cookies (cc loi) hay c v nng nh brownies, muffin, cupcake, cc loi butter cake hay bnh bao V cng dng ca baking soda v baking powder l nh nhau nn trong trng hp ch c mt trong hai loi th c th thay th, vi cng mt lng. Cn ch , trong cc mn bnh hp, luc (dng nc lm chn) m c ch nh dng baking powder th khng nn thay bng soda v loi ny cho nhiu s c mi hi tanh, ch cc mn bnh nng vi nhit l cao mi lm ht c mi ny.

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Hnh 3. Do c tinh bt ng, baking powder ging vi bt m hn, khi ha vo nc s c mu trng c; baking soda dng tinh th mu trng c mi thm nh, ha tan hon ton trong nc Hm lng s dng: Ty theo xp mong mun m iu chnh hm lung. Thng thng t 3% - 5% /hm lng bt s dng (Ngun: Dr.Lakshmi J, Associate Professor,Dept of Food Chemistry, Bakery and Confectionary Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Bapatla, page 23 25) (Ngun:http://www.savourydays.com/tu-hoc-lam-banh-can-ban-cac-chat-gay-no-men-no-botno-muoi-no-phan-loai-va-cac-luu-y-khi-su-dung/) 3. Bt khai Thnh phn C thnh phn l NH4HCO3 (Ammonium bicarbonate) Cng thc phn t Phn t gam B ngoi T trng im nng chy ha tan trng nc Thuc tnh NH4HCO3

79.056 g/mol Dng bt tinh th mu trng 1.586 g/cm3 41.9 C, 315 K, decomp. 11.9 g/100 mL (0 C) 21.6 g/100 mL (20 C) 36.6 g/100 mL (40 C) (Ngun: http://www.ammoniumbicarbonate.com/products/)
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c im c dng lm quy, to gin v xp n. Bt khai ch c s dng trong cc mn chin do nhit ca du, m cao c kh nng lm bc hi hu ht cc thnh phn ca bt khai, trnh c mi kh ngi khi n v an ton vi sc khe. Mi ngi c th ngi c c vi trm n hng nghn phn t mi, trong khi mt du chm . ca vn bn in trn giy ln ti 1 triu, v vy chin quy khng cn mi th hon ton c th yn tm n (tr trng hp cc b m mang bu v ang cho con b, tr s sinh). Nn mua bt khai ti nhng ni c uy tn v c m bo v cht lng. (Ngun: Dr.Lakshmi J, Associate Professor,Dept of Food Chemistry, Bakery and Confectionary Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Bapatla, page 23 25) (Ngun:http://www.savourydays.com/tu-hoc-lam-banh-can-ban-cac-chat-gay-no-men-no-botno-muoi-no-phan-loai-va-cac-luu-y-khi-su-dung/) II. Bn cht ca phng php ha hc lm n bnh 1. c im ca cc loi bnh lm n bng phng php ha hc

Mt s loi bnh lm n bng phng php ha hc nh biscuit vanilline, biscuit b u phng, cheese biscuit, cookies ng tin, bng lan b, bng lan l da Ph S, cookies du c im chung ca phng php ny l c th p dng rng ri trn cc loi bt nho khc nhau c dng bnh kh v dng bnh ti. Trong gn nh tt c cc loi bnh kh u dng phng php ha hc, bnh ti thng ch p dng i vi bnh bng lan c im nguyn liu: bt m c hm lng gluten t cao n thp, hm lng ng v cht bo ca bt nho tng dn t bnh Cracker n bnh Cookies c im bt nho: khung gluten c th pht trin ti a -hard dough: dai, n hi loi bnh Cracker, gim dn (Biscuit cng) cho n s to khung gluten b hn ch do hm lng ng v cht bo cao -short dough: bt rt t dai v n hi Biscuit mm. Khi cu trc c bn ca bt nho s gm hn hp tinh bt, proteine v ng, cht bo dng ht ln gn cc ht tinh bt vi nhau, xen vo l cc bt kh. Cookies v bnh bng lan, s to khung gluten b hn ch mt cch ti a: bt rt mm do khung gluten gn nh khng pht trin. Phng php to hnh: Cracker: cn, phn tm v ct Biscuit cng: cn, ct Biscuit mm: c (p) Cookies: nn (n) Bng lan: khun Cu trc sn phm: Cracker, Biscuit cng: gin, cng Biscuit mm: gin xp Cookies: mm hoc mm xp Bng lan: mm xp
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2. Nguyn tc Phi trn thuc n vo khi bt nho. Khi nng, di tc dng ca nhit cao, thuc n s phn hy to kh lm xp bnh, hoc do phn ng gia cc cht trong thuc cng to kh. Thng s dng cc cht NaHCO3, NH4HCO3, hoc hn hp hai cht. 3. C ch i vi baking soda v baking powder c cha hp cht NaHCO3 , hp cht ny l tng i r v c th t c trong cc lp kch thc ht khc nhau , v d, lp ht t do, ht tinh ch v ht mn . Mi trong s ny l ph hp nng, nhng lp th c th khng ha tan mt cch nhanh chng trong vic chun b v nng bnh ca bt nho v s cho kt qu m si bt mu nu sm trn b mt bnh . iu ny cng s l trng hp ny nu soda l sn khi thm vo bt v khng phn tn y trong qu trnh trn. S c mt ca m, soda s phn ng vi bt c thnh phn c tnh axit gii phng kh carbon dioxide. Mc ch ca s kt hp ny l to ra cc bong bng CO2 hoc l trc khi nng hoc l khi ming bt nho c gia nhit trong l nng. Cc bong bng kh ny to thnh cc vng nhn gip cho s gia tng kch thc khi kh c gia nhit v p sut hi nc tng trong sut qu trnh nng. Do , iu quan trng l phi to ra c cc bong bng kh nhiu v rt nh bnh con gu to thnh c cu trc mn, ng u. Nh nhiu thnh phn bnh bch quy, bao gm bt m, c mt phn ng c tnh axit n thng l hu ch s dng sodium bicarbonate nh mt cht iu chnh chua ca bt v do lm tng hng v ca bnh quy. Trong nhng trng hp bt n phi c phn tn ng u qua hn hp v nu cn thit soda nn c sng bng mt ci ry mn trc khi s dng loi b nhng phn b vn cc. D tha sodium bicarbonate s cung cp cho bnh quy vi mt phn ng kim v mt mnh vn v b mt vng vi mt mi v kh chu km theo. (Ngun: Duncan Manley, Biscuit, cookie and cracker manufacturing manuals, Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England, First published 1998, pages 70-74) Phn ng s tri qua 2 giai on: Giai on u tin: phn ng din ra khi bn thm bt n vo bt nho v n c lm m. Mt trong nhng mui axit phm ng vi NaHCO3 v to kh CO2. Ngay trong dung dch, nhit thng NaHCO3 cng phn hy chm gii phng kh CO2. Khi un nng phn ng phn hy din ra mnh lit hn.

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Khi tan trong nc, NaHCO3 b thy phn cho mi trng kim rt yu c th pht hin bng qu hoc metyl da cam nhng khng th pht hin c bng phenolphtalein:

Giai on th hai: din ra khi bt t trong l. Cc phn t kh m rng lm th tch ca khi bt tng. Bi v trong hai giai on, qu trnh nng bnh c th b tr hon khong 15 20 pht m khng lm mt i kh nng dy bt ca n. NaHCO3 l mui km bn, b phn hy bi nhit 80 900C theo phn ng:

Lng kh thot ra lm xp bnh l 50%. Kh CO2 sinh ra khng mu, khng mi nn khng nh hng xu n cht lng bnh v lm cho bnh c mu vng p v v ngon c bit. y l loi thuc ni c s dng rng ri. Dng sodium bicarbonat qu mc s lm cho bnh biscuit c tnh kim, c ming hi vng vng b mt v c v kh chu. Gi tr pH cao, nh vt qua gii hn pH = 8 th cng c mi nh vy. Thng thng, mt vi loi bnh qui c bit, pH ca bnh l 7.0 0.5 v iu ny t c bng cch dng mt lng sodium bicarbonat. (Ngun: Hong Nhm, Ha hc v c, tp hai, NXB Gio Dc, nm 2005) Bt khai l cht gy n tt nht cho bnh bch-quy v n phn hy hon ton khi b t nng 600C, ph v vo kh carbon dioxide, kh amoniac v nc v do khng li d lng trong bnh nng. Tn Vol, m n thng c bit n, xut pht t " mui bay hi ' v phn ly hon ton ny. N l d dng ha tan nhng rt kim cho bt nho mm m i hi t nc hn cho mt hn hp nht nh.

Mc d mi amoniac, c th rn v trong dung dch, ch mt phn nh ca kh c sn b mt khi n c ha tan trong nc v din ra nhit bnh thng. Ngay c trong dung dch trong 24 gi hiu lc ca n s b mt. Do ammonium bicarbonate l khng ph hp nh mt cht men trong bt k sn phm ri khi l vi hn 5% m, v d nh bnh ngt v bnh xp. (Ngun: Duncan Manley, Biscuit, cookie and cracker manufacturing manuals, Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England, First published 1998, pages 70-74)

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Nhng ti sao (NH4)2CO3 t c s dng lm bt khai. l v (NH4)2CO3 khi phn hy cho lng CO2 bng NH4HCO3, nhng lng NH3 (mi khai) th nhiu hn (khong 82%) nn rt kh ngi v lm gim gi tr cm quan ca bnh. Khi phn hy (NH4)2CO3: (NH4) 2CO3 ------> 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O => 1 mol (NH4)2CO3 cho 2 mol NH3 v 1 mol CO2. Khi phn hy NH4HCO3: NH4HCO3 ------> NH3 + CO2 + H2O => 1 mol NH4HCO3 cho 1 mol NH3 v 1 mol CO2. Do ngi ta thng dng NH4HCO3 lm bt khai thay v dng (NH4)2CO3 v khi phn hy do tc dng ca nhit (t l nng) th cc cht trong bt khai (NH4HCO3) b phn hy sinh ra cc cht kh (NH3 v CO2), cc kh ny thot ra t trong lng chic bnh, lm cho chng n to ra, to ra cc l xp khin bnh mm, d n. III. V d kho st loi v lng bt n trong mt loi bnh

Da theo s liu kho st thc t trong qu trnh thc hnh bnh ko ca nhm HTP3, em xin a ra v d v kho st loi v lng bt n no l ph hp cho mi loi bnh khc nhau. y em xin c trnh by trn bnh cookies ng tin. 1. Kho st loi v lng bt n trong bnh cookies ng tin Baking powder 4%: bnh n to nhng c mu khng p, c hu v ng, hi kh chu 2.67%: mi, mu, n tt nhng vn cn cm gic kh chu. 2%: mi thm, mu p, cu trc gin xp, l kh nh khng cn cm nhn c hu v ng

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Kim Nga 4%: bnh n bp ra, dy gim nhiu, bnh mng v ng knh ln, v ng, kh chu, mu sm, xu. 2%: bnh c cch tnh cht nh dng 4%, vn khng ci thin c nhiu.

NaHCO3 4%: mu bnh xu c mu vng sm, xut hin nhiu vt trn mt bnh, n nhiu lm bnh b xp, l kh b mt ln, v rt ng kh chu. 2%: vn cn trng thi nh 4% nhng t ng hn. 0.67%: bnh khng t v trng thi cm quan, b mt r, cn xut hin nhiu vt , mu vng sm, v ng kh chu.

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Ta so snh gia baking powder v Alsa 2% Ta thy khi alsa th v mt cm quan vn nh khi dng baking powder, cu trc bnh vn gin xp nhng khng bng baking powder.

2. Bn lun Bt n Kim Nga v NaHCO3 c bn cht l kim, khi dng vi liu lng ln s gy ra v ng, kh chu v lng CO2 sinh ra nhiu lm bnh xp xung, gim dy v tng ng knh. Bt n baking powder hiu Alsa v baking powder t phng th nghim c cng bn cht, u cha baking soda, mui axit v cht nn nh tinh bt, tuy nhin t l gia cc cht l khng ging nhau v ty thuc vo tng loi bt n m ta c cht lng khc nhau. (Ngun: Bo co thc hnh mn ng bnh ko: bnh cookies ng tin, HTP3, Vin Cng ngh sinh hc v thc phm, Trng i hc Cng nghip TP. H Ch Minh, nm 2010) IV. u im v nhc im ca phng php ha hc lm n bnh 1. u im
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Phng php ny c u im l tn tht cht kh t, c th t ng ha, chu k sn xut ngn, d iu khin. Hiu qu lm n cao, d s dng Trong qu trnh to bt nho khng cn thit b kn v khng yu cu nghim ngt v m bt nho. Do phng php ny thch hp trong sn xut bnh ngt c hm lng ng v cht bo cao. Ngy nay ngi ta thng sn xut bnh theo phng php dng thuc n lm n v xp bnh. i vi bnh biscuit thng chn phng php lm n bt nho bng thuc n. 2. Nhc im Tiu tn nhiu ha cht, khng thch hp lm n bnh vi mt s loi bnh nh bnh m C th to ra mi khai kh chu. Khng s dng (NH4)2CO3 c nht cao v hm m cao v kh NH3 khng thot ra ngoi c. Khng s dng NaHCO3 > 1.5% v c tnh baz lm tng pH, gy cm gic kh chu. Loi bt n hay bt khai c s dng ty theo yu cu ca bnh v cu trc bt nho. Ta phi bit cch la chn cho thch hp. Thng s dng kt hp nhiu loi thuc n lm tng u im v lm gim khuyt im ca cc loi thuc n. V. Nhng lu khi s dng phng php Cc lai cht to xp, lm n khc nhau: +Lm bnh n nhng giai an khc nhau ca qu trnh nng +C nhng tc dng ph khc nhau. V d : NaHCO3 c th nh hng n mu sc v lm tng pH sn phm, (NH4)2CO3 c th lm bnh c mi khai nu m bt nho v m bnh cao. V vy cn s dng phi hp cc lai cht to xp, lm n khc nhau t hiu qu cao v gim tc dng ph S dng lai v hm lng cht to xp, lm n phi ph thuc vo : + pH, mi v sn phm + Yu cu v tnh cht bt nho + Chiu cao, ng knh bnh + Cng ngh nng bnh

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KT LUN Phng php lm n bnh no cng c nhng u v nhc im ring v i vi mi loi bnh li c yu cu v n v cht lng bnh khc nhau. Do trong sn xut ngi to ra sn phm phi bit to ra sn phm bnh no th s dng phng php lm n no l tt nht. Do s dng tt nht bt n hay bt khai bn cn phi hiu r c im v tnh cht ca chng cng nh cch s dng v cch bo qun chng.

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TI LIU THAM KHO 1. Duncan Manley, Biscuit, cookie and cracker manufacturing manuals, Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England, First published 1998, pages 70-74 2. Dr.Lakshmi J, Associate Professor,Dept of Food Chemistry, Bakery and Confectionary Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Bapatla, page 23 25 3. Hong Nhm, Ha hc v c, tp hai, NXB Gio Dc, nm 2005 4. Bo co thc hnh mn ng bnh ko: bnh cookies ng tin, HTP3, Vin Cng ngh sinh hc v thc phm, Trng i hc Cng nghip TP. H Ch Minh, nm 2010 5. Ths. Trng Th Minh Hnh, Gio trnh cng ngh sn xut ng, bnh ko, Trng i hc Bch Khoa Nng nm 2010 6. H Xun Hng, Slide bi ging Cng ngh sn xut ng bnh ko, Trng i hc Cng nghip TP. H Ch Minh, nm 2013 7. Trn Th Thu Tr, Bi ging mn Cng ngh sn xut ng Bnh Ko, HBK TP HCM, nm 2010 8. Link: http://hoachatjsc.com/p/6112/nahco3 9. Link: http://www.ammoniumbicarbonate.com/products/ 10. Link: http://www.savourydays.com/tu-hoc-lam-banh-can-ban-cac-chat-gay-no-men-nobot-no-muoi-no-phan-loai-va-cac-luu-y-khi-su-dung/

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PH LC

Hnh 1. Baking soda

Hnh 2. Cc thnh phn ca mt loi baking powder

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Hnh 3. Do c tinh bt ng, baking powder ging vi bt m hn, khi ha vo nc s c mu trng c; baking soda dng tinh th mu trng c mi thm nh, ha tan hon ton trong nc

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