Chng 2: M hnh Logistics th: bi hc kinh nghim

Mc lc
2.1. 2.2. Nguyn tc xy dng m hnh Logistics th ...................................................................... 4 M hnh qun l Logistics th: bi hc kinh nghim cc nc .......................................... 4 D n RegLog ti Ragensburg, CHLB c .................................................................. 4 D n SADERYL, Ty Ban Nha ...................................................................................... 7 D n VIVALI, Bristol, Vng quc Anh...................................................................... 10 ng dng City Logistics ti c ..................................................................................... 13

2.2.1. 2.2.2. 2.2.3. 2.2.4. 2.3.

Cng c trong qun l Logistics th ................................................................................. 13 Qun l v m ................................................................................................................ 13 Bi hc kinh nghim p dng chnh sch iu tit logistics th ............................... 15

2.3.1. 2.3.2. 2.4.

Kt lun: .................................................................................................................................. 4

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2.1. Nguyn tc xy dng m hnh Logistics th

2.2. M hnh qun l Logistics th: bi hc kinh nghim cc nc 2.2.1. D n RegLog ti Ragensburg, CHLB c 1 Mt d n logistics th Regensburg gi l RegLog bt u trin khai nm 1998, l kt qu nghin cu khoa hc ca trng i hc Regensburg phi hp vi Phng Thng mi v nh my BMW a phng. Mc tiu ca d n l gim lu lng vn ti hng ha trong khu trung tm thnh ph c lch s lu i, c c trng l cc ng ph nh hp li c cu vn ti trong khu vc cao. Khu hiu ca d n a ra vo nm 1998 l Giao thng ni gim - cht lng cuc sng c dn tng. D n trin khai lm gim khong lng lun chuyn khong 55.000 xe ti.km trong thnh ph. T , d n gp phn tit kim mi nm khong 12,000l nhin liu, 30 tn CO2, NOx, bi v cc cht nhim khc. Trong d n, 4 hng vn ti thng cnh tranh vi nhau s dng mt trung tm phn phi hng tp trung cho trung tm thnh ph do mt hng logistics ni khai thc v vn hnh. Nm 2009, khong 25 chuyn vn ti hng ha trung bnh mi ngy gim xung cn 4-5 chuyn i ca hng City Logistics. Trong khu vc ni c, c khong 500 ca hng i l v 200 ca hng bn l. Phn ln cc vn v giao thng trong ni thnh ph Regensburgs (dn s 150.000 ngi) l do vn ti hng ha, ging nh nhiu thnh ph khc ca c. vng trung tm thnh ph, vn ny nghim trng hn v a phn cc hot ng bun bn tp trung ch trong khu vc khong 1 km. Thm vo , trung tm th c li c cc ph nh, ngon ngho, un khc. Cc ng ph khng ch phc v vn ti hng ha m cn khch du lch, ngi mua bn v dn a phng. Nhu cu i li, vn chuyn trong vng do rt a dng. D n logistics RegLog khng ch lm gim cc xung t gia cc nhu cu vn chuyn khc nhau bng cch nng cao nng lc cung ng vn ti ca h thng giao thng m cn thc s ci thin cht lng nh v cuc sng ca ngi dn vng ni Regensburg. Nhim v c th ca d n l gim bt gnh nng vn ti hng ha trong thnh ph bng cch iu tit hp l ng i vn ti, x l bao gi rc thi v vn ti hng ha. Mt s hng vn ti hng ha ca thnh ph phi hp vi nhau. Cc chuyn hng trong ni thnh ph ca cc hng c gom li, sp xp v a vo thnh ph bng ng i (route) ti u. Hiu qu s dng nng lng c tnh ton bng lng nhin liu tit kim cho mi chuyn i c nhn cng nh s lng phng tin c s dng. Hn na, khi phng tin vn ti i ra khi khu vc trung tm s mang theo khong 1700 tn ph thi t vt liu bao b, bao gi

Ngun ti liu: www.trailblazer.eu

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ca khong 100 i l bn l v bn cho cc hng chuyn thu gom vt liu ti ch. D n t c tc ng tch cc i vi c mi trng. Trung tm ca d n RegLog l khu lin hip tp trung hng ha pha ng Nam thnh ph. y l ni 5 hng vn ti a hng n tp kt trc khi cng ty logistics thnh ph vn chuyn n ch n cui cng trong trung tm thnh ph. T , h thng logistics th thu c nhng hiu qu nh sau: Gim tn sut cc chuyn vn ti hng ha: so vi mi hng giao nhn n l, cng ty logistics thnh ph c th a n nhiu ngi nhn trong khu vc phn phi hn nhiu. Mt tp trung cc a ch ngi nhn tng ln v mt khng gian. Kt hp vn ti: cc hng giao nhn khc nhau giao hng n cng mt a ch. Cc chuyn hng giao nhn c th gp chung cho mt ngi vn ti m nhn. Do , c th gim c tc nghn trong khu vc nhn hng. Gim s lng phng tin: chuyn t vn chuyn hng bng nhiu xe giao hng nh sang 2-3 phng tin giao hng c ln t 7-8 tn.

Hnh v di y m t m hnh thng tin x l v lu chuyn gia cc bn tham gia d n.

Hnh-1. M hnh c s d liu tp trung

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Hnh -2. M t hnh thc hp nht cc dng vn ti hng ha ti Regensburg D n c trin khai thnh cng do c s phn tch lun chng khoa hc y , c s tham gia ca cc hng vn ti v s ng h nhit tnh cho d n ca cc hng BMW AG, GVZ GmbH v hip hi FGR. Chnh quyn thnh ph Regensburg v Bang Oberpfalz (Upper Palatinate) h tr v mt ti chnh cho gii php v h thng cng ngh thng tin. C th hn, gii php logistics th Regensburg thnh cng l do cc vn th chnh c gii quyt nh sau: Cc hng vn ti a phng tham gia d n ng t b li ch c nhn v li ch chung ca thnh ph. H cng tm c cc nh qun l trung gian iu hnh d n trung thc, ng tin cy mc d h l cc i th cnh tranh trong kinh doanh. Khng c cc khon tr gi bn ngoi cho cc cng tc logistics th, vn ti v giao nhn. Ch mt phn d n c cc nh chc trch thnh ph v khu vc, cng nh trng i hc h tr ti chnh. Phn ny lin quan n h thng iu khin cng ngh thng tin in t v giao nhn, theo di, tm ng i vi cc thit b cm tay c m ha. Khu vc bi logistics ng dng v h thng telematics hin i. D n logistics th thnh ph Regensburg c h tr hiu qu bi mt nhm cc chuyn gia a phng, hot ng phi li nhun.

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2.2.2. D n SADERYL, Ty Ban Nha D n SADERYL xy dng trn c s m hnh l thuyt ca Taniguchi v City Logistics. Trong , Taniguchi nh ngha City Logistics l mt qu trnh ti u ha cc hot ng logistics v vn ti ca cc cng ty t nhn trong khu vc th, c tnh n cc yu t mi trng giao thng, tc nghn giao thng v tiu dng nng lng trong nn kinh t th trng. Vic phn phi hng ha trn c s cc dch v ng b trong khu vc th cng gp phn vo tc nghn giao thng, gy tc ng mi trng v trong mt s trng hp cn lm gia tng chi ph logistics. Mt khc, cc bn c lin quan cng c th c nhng mc tiu xung t: cc hng cng nghip, vn ti, giao nhn, c mc tiu gii quyt cu ca khch hng ring nhm ti a ha hiu qu ca doanh nghip. T , xt trn quan im chung ton x hi l h thng logistics s khng c hiu qu v chi ph x hi v tc ng mi trng. Kt qu l cc ng dng trong thit k v nh gi Logistics th hng ti mt khung tch hp trong , cc thnh phn c th phi hp vi nhau. Do , m hnh Logistics th s phi l cc m hnh, trong thnh phn chnh l cc ng dng ca Logistics th, nh m hnh xc nh ng i cho phng tin (routing), m hnh qun l on phng tin, ng thi tch hp cc d liu v mng li ng vo c s d liu ng. M hnh ny trin khai c nh h thng cng ngh thng tin hin i (ICT). Cc m hnh tnh ton ng i phng tin, m phng giao thng ng (cp nht iu kin giao thng thc t trong mi chu k thi gian: c lng thi gian chuyn i, di hng ch, trn mi cung ng trong ton mng li), thng tin s dng trong m hnh logistics nhm xc nh l trnh v iu ng i ti u cho phng tin trong thi gian thc. Ty Ban Nha trin khai m hnh l thuyt ny p dng vo thc t trong khun kh D n MEROPE ca chu u ca chng trnh INTERREG IIIB, v d n quc SADERYL, Do Hip hi DGCYT, Ty Ban Nha ti tr. Trung tm ca chng trnh l H thng H tr ra quyt nh bng my tnh, bao gm cc thnh phn chnh l: mt h c s d liu lu tr cc thng tin v v tr cc trung tm logistic v khch hng, cng sut kho v bn bi, chi ph vn ti, chi ph vn hng, s liu v on phng tin, v.v; H thng Qun l c s d liu x l v iu hnh cc d liu trong m hnh; M hnh C s bao gm cc m hnh v gii thut gii quyt cc vn c lin quan, v tr, mng li, l trnh v lch trnh phng tin; v Giao din ngi s dng (GUI). im quan trng ca m hnh Logistics th trong d n SYDERYL l ng dng ICT, lin quan n s dng h thng thng tin v thng mi in t; cho php ngi s dng c th tip cn ti cc m hnh xc nh l trnh v lch trnh phng tin. C th l: Khch hng c th xc lp khong thi gian hn nh xe ti c th n giao hng/nhn hng; Xc lp l trnh v lch trnh phng tin phi linh hot trn c s thng tin thi gian thc. S thay i thng tin v phng tin ang vn chuyn hng ha v cp nht thng tin v ng i s c x l khi c thng tin mi chuyn v. Cc loi thng tin thi gian thc bao gm:

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o Thng tin v hot ng ca h thng: thi gian chuyn i (tc nghn giao thng, tai nn giao thng, cc s kin cn tr GT khc), thi gian phc v ca h thng, thi gian tr o Thng tin v yu cu ca khch hng: v tr, thi gian hn nh, lng hng, mc u tin o Thng tin v phng tin: v tr, trng thi cht ti Hnh v di y m t m hnh l thuyt v m phng giao thng ng c p dng trong d n, iu chnh t m hnh xut ca Taniguchi.
M HNH L TRNH V LCH TRNH CHY XE: - Thi gian hn nh - Giao v nhn hng - Chia s ng i - Thng tin khc

L TRNH V LCH TRNH TI U

THI GIAN CHUYN I TRUNG BNH (Thi gian di chuyn trn ng)

M HNH M PHNG GIAO THNG NG

Hnh-3. M hnh l thuyt xc nh l trnh v lch trnh trong Logistics th Sau khi a ra c m hnh m phng giao thng ng, bc tip theo ca h thng l iu hnh on phng tin dynamic (ng), trong , cc phng tin s hot ng theo iu kin mng li giao thng thi gian thc. Trong , gi nh rng trong chu k thi gian tnh ton (VD. theo ngy), cc thng tin v nhu cu v dch v c xc nh. T , k hoch vn chuyn s c iu chnh khi c nhng thay i v nhu cu mi, nhu cu cha c gii quyt, thay i l trnh chy xe do iu kin giao thng thay i, thay i v on phng tin (VD. thng tin hng xe, bo dng,) v cc thng tin khc. M hnh cng phn bit cc loi xe khc nhau, lp ma trn O-D, s dng m hnh la chn ng i thi gian thc. Ni ngn gn, m-ul th hai trong h thng l m-ul Lp k hoch vn hnh thi gian thc (AIMSUN).

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CU VN TI V K HOCH PHNG TIN BAN U

M HNH L TRNH V LCH TRNH CHY XE

THNG TIN THI GIAN THC Nhu cu iu chnh Nhu cu cha tha mn iu kin giao thng Thng tin phng tin

K HOCH CHY XE BAN U

L TRNH V LCH TRNH CHY XE IU CHNH (NG)

K HOCH CHY XE IU CHNH (NG)

Hnh-4. M hnh Lp k hoch chy xe thi gian thc Hnh v di y m t kt qu u ra ca ton b m hnh cho php cc xe trong on xe tham gia h thng c th nhn thy ton b mng li v l trnh cng nh lch trnh mt cch trc quan. Trong hnh v, chng ta thy cc ng i khc nhau cho mt nhm 5 xe, cng nh th t phc v khch hng c xc nh theo k hoch ban u. Vo thi im t, sau khi c mt s chuyn i c thc hin, c mt khch hng mi t hng cho mt dch v cha c trong k hoch, Chng trnh m phng s a ra thng tin v v tr v sn sng ca cc phng tin. T xc nh xem, xe no c th iu chuyn thc hin t hng mi ny (trong v d di y th xe 1 v xe 2 l ng c vin u tin) v u l l trnh mi cho phng tin c la chn.

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Hnh -5. Phng thc xc lp k hoch chy xe thi gian thc 2.2.3. D n VIVALI, Bristol, Vng quc Anh D n VIVALDI do Hi ng thnh ph Bristol trong Cng ng Kinh t EC ti tr l d n ko di 4 nm bt u t thng 2/2002 thc hin v nh gi cc gii php tch hp giao thng vn ti. D n ny xy dng khu lin hp v hng ha phc v vng trung tm thnh ph, trong , DHL c ch nh cung cp dch v logistics 3PL v qun l, trin khai d n. Mt i tc quan trng ca d n l hng Smith, cung cp xe in cc loi. Mc tiu ca d n bao gm: Ci thin cht lng khng kh bng cch gim s lng xe ch hng, s dng phng tin sch v c hiu qu hn nhm lm gim lng pht thi CO2 v NO2; m bo an ninh, trt t ng ph cho ngi s dng ng, bao gm c ngi i b v i xe p do lu lng giao thng gim Gim tc nghn giao thng, c bit trong khu trung tm Gim p lc v bi v bi xp/d

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Cung ng cc dch v h tr i l bn l nh thu gom rc thi v ph liu t vt liu ng gi, qun tr d tr v qun tr d tr thi v Nng cao cht lng i sng dn c/khch du lch Bristol

Khu lin hp Logistics t gn trung tm thnh ph. Ti y, phng tin vn hnh l cc loi xe in v cung cp dch v giao hng cho khong 55 i l bn l vo cc khong thi gian c nh trong ngy. Cc i l tham gia chng trnh cng ng dng phng php qun tr d tr cross-docking nhiu mt hng t vi vc, qun o n in t. Chng trnh gim c khong 76% thi gian chuyn i giao hng cho cc i l. Chng trnh cng cung cp dch v ch rc thi i. Chng trnh th nghim trong vng 8 thng nm 2004 thc s thnh cng v tip tc c trin khai thc t. Mi y, thnh ph ln cn Bristol l Bath cng ln k hoch tham gia cng vi Bristol bng cch m rng quy m khu lin hp cung cp dch v cho c hai thnh ph. Thnh cng ca d n thc s nh vic c th tch hp qu trnh tip nhn t hng ca ngi bn v ngi mua 24/7. Vic giao hng c thc hin 6 ngy/tun vi khi lng p ng theo yu cu ca i l; trung bnh mi i l bn hng nhn 3 chuyn giao hng/tun vo thi gian n nh trc. Ngi s dng khu kin hp logistics c h tr dch v chn v tr t hng, dch v thu gom v vn chuyn rc thi, dch v h tr hi p khch hng khi cn thit. Hnh v di y so snh chui cung ng truyn thng v chui cung ng c Trung tm Logistics tch hp. Trong chui cung ng truyn thng, cc phng tin chuyn ch hng ring l n tng i l d gy nn cc vn v tc nghn giao thng, mt an ton, nhim. M hnh mi gp phn gim lng xe i li ti 75%.

HnhError! No text of specified style in document.-6. So snh hai m hnh cung ng hng ha ti Bristol

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Yu t quan trng trong hot ng ca m hnh l vic m bo tnh an ton v kh nng theo di hin trng v kho hng. Trc y, h thng theo di kho hng c thc hin th cng trn giy. Mi y, h thng qut s dng sng radio thi gian thc bt u c trin khai. Hnh v di y m t cc thit b s dng trong h thng mi ny. H thng bao gm thit b lin lc cm tay, th kho m ha, c s d liu tracking hng ha, phn mm h tr v qun tr dch v khch hng.

Hnh -7. M hnh s dng thit b t ng x l hng d tr StyleFlow

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Cc kt qu t c ca d n c th k ra nh: Cc chuyn giao hng cho i l gim 76%, tit kim c khi lng lun chuyn trn 264.000 xe.km, 26.000l nhin liu, 70 tn CO2 v 2281kg NOx Thu gom v x l bao gi ph liu t ngi s dng (hn 26.400kg) gim thiu nhim ting n do s dng on phng tin chy in Dch v p ng yu cu ca khch hng 100% tin cy v thi gian giao hng Mc tha mn ca khch hng (cc i l bn l) cao (thu c t iu tra) Gim nguy c tc nghn v tai nn trong khu vc

2.2.4. ng dng City Logistics ti c

2.3. Cng c trong qun l Logistics th 2.3.1. Qun l v m Logistics th c th nh ngha l ti u ha qun tr dng hng ha thng qua cc hot ng hu cn, tc l thc hin mt lot cc hot ng trong dy chuyn cung ng t khu sn xut n tay ngi tiu dng. Mc tiu c bn l hiu v ti u ha c quy trnh cung ng trong th. Cc bn lin quan n hot ng logistics bao gm c ngi sn xut, ngi cung ng dch v logistics thu ngoi, i l bn l, cc cng ty vn ti v ngi tiu dng. Cc bn tham gia c th ti u cc hot ng logistics c bn trong phm vi ca h bng cc chin lc sn xut kinh doanh thng thng nh cn i vn, nhn lc, d tr, Logistics trong kinh doanh i hi ti u ha ton b qu trnh. Logistics th i hi s ti u trong ton b mng li ca khu vc th. Ti u ha l s cn i gia nhiu hot ng khc nhau trong c qu trnh, iu ny c ngha l v mc tiu tng hiu qu, c th phi chp nhn mt vi im khng hiu qu. Chin lc c bn l gim thiu chi ph d tr v vn ti hiu qu bng chin lc JUST-INTIME. Qun l v m cho logistics th khng can thip vo cc bin php tc ng ti cc hot ng chuyn mn, m ch trin khai cc gii php cho hiu qu ton x hi. Nhm mc tiu chung ca ton x hi, ti u ha h thng vn ti, i khi cc c nhn tham gia h thng c

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th phi chp nhn nhng tc ng tiu cc. Logistics th l qu trnh ti u theo c chiu dc (theo ngnh) v theo chiu ngang (theo a l khu vc). Cc mc tiu ca qun l logistics th tm v m bao gm: gim tc nghn; gim nhim v ting n; ci thin tnh hnh an ton giao thng ng b; mc tip cn cc khu vc kinh t quan trng; v tng tnh hp dn ca khu trung tm thnh ph

Cc cng c trin khai thc hin chnh sch qun l v m c th k ra di y: Cng c quy hoch: quy hoch c s h tng, quy hoch khng gian Cng c ti chnh: thu v ph, h tr ti chnh (b gi, tr gi, u i tn dng,) Cng c th ch: giy php, lut, hn ch, Cng c thng tin v t vn

Mt s quy nh trong qun l v m v logistics th kinh nghim trn th gii c th k ra di y: Hn nh thi gian (khong thi gian cho php cc phng tin ra vo mt khu vc). Kinh nghim cho thy, quy nh v hn nh thi gian nu qu cht, hoc din tch khu vc quy nh qu ln, c th s dn n vn v tip cn v gy tc nghn giao thng trong gi cao im. Quy nh kch thc phng tin ra vo khu vc th. Quy nh ny da trn c s l cc xe nh thng d dng di chuyn trong th hn. Nhiu thnh ph ln quy nh di ti a ca phng tin vo thnh ph l 10m. Quy nh khi lng v/hoc trng ti phng tin nhm hn ch tc ng tiu cc ti c s h tng v mi trng Quy nh pht thi v mc tiu cht lng khng kh Quy nh v ting n. Thng thng, trong th, phng tin vn ti, c bit l vn ti hng ha l ngun sinh ting n chnh Quy nh khc nhau i vi cc nhm i tng khc nhau

Cng ch cng l thnh phn quan trng trong qun l. Kinh nghim cho thy l thiu kim sot v cng ch c th khin cho cc chnh sch km hiu qu. Vi s pht trin v k

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thut, gn y c nhiu cng c k thut h tr cho qun l v chnh sch nh nh dng in t, camera,. 2.3.2. Bi hc kinh nghim p dng chnh sch iu tit logistics th

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Cc chnh sch Logistics th c th tm tt trong bng sau: C s h tng Vn ti S dng t Mng vn ti ng bao, ng ra cng v sn bay, ng vn ti hng Khu logistics th Thng tin Bn s, GPS h thng thng tin ng b, Thu ph t ng H thng hng dn bn bi t trc ch Thi gian bc xp Lut Quy nh Khu vc ring cho cc hot ng logistics iu khin xe ti trn ng, Hn ch thi gian v phng tin Tiu chun Thu/ph Thu ti sn Thu ph ng Ti chnh Tr gi

Tr gi phng thc vn ti Tr gi cho cc thit b chuyn dng Tr gi cho cc thit b bc xp khng t bn ng Tr gi cho phng tin pht thi thp, dng chung xe H tr cc n hng chung

Bn bi

Tiu chun v bn bi a phng thc Thu ph xe khc nhau theo gi Tiu chun ha container, pallet, thit b s dng trn xe EDI, AIDC Thu xe ti nng, thu nhin liu, thu mi trng

Bc/xp

Ch xe bn ng

Phng tin

Phng tin chy in, Phng tin c thit b xp d

Hng

H thng qun l on phng tin, H thng iu hnh phi hp hng v phng tin Theo di hng (tracking), H thng t hng

Kim sot pht thi, Kim sot cht ti, S dng phng tin pht thi thp

Phn di y m t kinh nghim cc chnh sch p dng pht trin cc h thng logistics th ti cc nc , an Mch, Ty Ban Nha, H lan t cc d n do Khi Kinh t chung Chu u EC ti tr nh eDRUL v MEROPE cng nh cc d n quc gia khc. Cc chnh sch ch yu chia thnh hai nhm ln, mt nhm chnh sch gin tip (VD. Copenhagen, Milan) v mt nhm cc chnh sch cm trc tip (VD. Leiden,

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Aalborg, Genoa or Siena). Tng kt kinh nghim ca cc khu vc p dng chnh sch qun l logistics th cho thy c nhng thnh cng v tht bi trong qu trnh trin khai. Thnh ph Bin php trin khai Cc bn lin quan Kt qu

Kinh nghim v trin khai chnh sch khung gin tip Amsterdam, H lan Quy nh v cc c tnh phng tin cho php vo trung tm nh cng sut, chiu di, trng ti v pht thi t nm 1993. Trong trung tm thnh ph, cm vo khu TLZ cc xe trn 7,5 tn, di trn 9m, khng t tiu chun pht thi ca Euro2 hoc l trng ti di 80%. Lut cho khu vc bc xp da vo trng ti phng tin (60% cng sut). Nm 2002, thnh ph trin khai mt chin dch th nghim ko di 21 thng a ra lut buc cc phng tin trn 2,5 tn phi mua giy php c dng trong trung tm thnh ph Chnh quyn thnh ph phi hp vi Phng Thng mi v cc doanh nghip vn ti 50% dn c thnh ph xc nhn s gim tc nghn giao thng do cc phng tin trng ti ln 100% ngi c hi tr li ngh tip tc lut cm vo trung tm thnh ph C 80 cng ty, vi tng cng 300 xe, 86% hng vn ti ng k tha thun vi thnh ph. Thnh ph cp khong 4,000 giy php (180,000 Euro)

Copenhaghen, Thy in

Chnh quyn thnh ph k tha thun vi cc hng, hip hi v i hc vn ti v logistics a phng nm 1998

Khng c bi logistics dng cho phn phi hng ha th. Cp giy php (c th c mt tin hoc khng) cho php phng tin vn ti thng mi lu thng v ti cc bi c hn ch. Cc chnh sch trc tip Milan, Amsterdam, H lan Quy nh phn phi hng ha th phi thng qua mt h thng cp php v chng nhn, ph thuc vo cc tiu chun mi trng v hiu qu logistics c th. Chin dch th nghim bt u trin khai nm 1996: tng cng c 9 bi logistics (platform) c xc nh trong s cc platforms hin c ca cc hng vn ti cung cp dch v u cui. Khuyn khch hp tc gia cc doanh nghip vn ti t nhn v phng Thng mi v Chnh quyn thnh ph. Chnh quyn thnh ph h tr thc hin d n v lp t cc bin bo giao thng. Cc bn D n nhm x l 20% tng lng hng cn vn chuyn v gim s lng xe vo trung tm thnh ph

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Chng 2: M hnh Logistics th: bi hc kinh nghim

Thnh ph Leiden, H lan Bin php trin khai Chnh quyn thnh ph xy dng h thng phn phi hng ha c giy php v kt ni vi Trung tm phn phi (UDC). i vi cc hng vn ti khng phi l thnh vin ca UDC th thi gian vo trung tm thnh ph c quy nh ring. Cc bn lin quan tham gia t nguyn. Hi ng qun tr UDC bao gm chnh quyn thnh ph, Cty Mostert company (t xy dng khu logistics ring) v mt cng ty ca thnh ph c nhim v cung cp nhn lc. Chnh quyn thnh ph cp php c chi tit v trng ti phng tin, s chuyn hng giao trong ngy, Khng c ngun vn cng. Hai cng ty c giy php st nhp thnh mt cng ty. C ngun vn cng. Tham gia t nguyn. Kt qu Chng trnh bt u nm 1997, nhng n 2000 phi dng do khng thu c li nhun. Cc hng vn ti cng phn i chnh sch ca thnh ph khi to ra c quyn trong phn phi hng ha.

Utrech, H lan

Thnh ph xy ng h thng phn phi hng ha c giy php v trin khai 3 trung tm phn phi. Giy php cp cho cc hng vn ti c iu kin v trng tri, s chuyn hng mt ngy v s dng h thng.

Chng trnh ch ko di t 1994 n 1996 v t cng ty ng st nhp vo cng ty ch nh. Trong tng lai, cc khu logistics s trin khai cc dch v gia tng gi tr: d tr, ng gi, tch hp cng ngh thng tin tip nhn yu cu v xc nh v tr xe. H thng thng tin v phn phi cha c trin khai y .

Malaga, Ty Ban Chng trnh bt u trin khai t 2002. Trung tm thnh ph ch c khu i b v khu vc xp d hng Nha ha ring. Aalborg, Mch an Trung tm phn phi hng ha c nhiu ngi vn hnh. Quy hoch v thng tin do mt cng ty cung cp tp trung.

Genoa, Italia

D n MERCI c trung tm phn phi, trong phng tin ch project is the hub where freight are collected to be

Aalborg Municipality, NTC (Nordic TransportCentre Ltd.), ACO (Arctic Container Operation Ltd.), Danske Fragmaend (hng vn ti hng ha chnh an Mch). The manager company is Genoa-Eco Distribuzione

In a first pilot phase (March 2003 - June 2004), deliveries were

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Chng 2: M hnh Logistics th: bi hc kinh nghim

Thnh ph Bin php trin khai distributed with ecological (2 methane and 8 electrically propelled) vehicles. This hub is 1.5 Km apart from the motorway and 5Km from the historical centre. The initiative started on March 2003 with the funding of Sustainable Environment Draft Plan by Italian Environment Ministry and of MEROPE EU project. The hub is built upon an area of 1,400 m 2,700 of which are roofed-over.Road pricing system is also active in Genoa. Cameras based on Telepass technology and covering the whole historical centre perimeter have been installed and a first demonstration phase involving 200 drivers was completed. Cc bn lin quan Merci srl, joining together the Chamber of Commerce, Trade Unions and Genoa Municipality. Kt qu made only in a limited area (25,000 m2 that is 17% of the whole historical centre counting 328 retail points). In a second phase (from June 2003), deliveries were extended to the overall historical centre counting 2,000 retail points. In the pilot phase an average of 150 trips/month were carried out with an average of 5,000 items/month delivered. In the second phase the amount of deliveries is expected to increase 5-6 times. 37% reduction of the freight vehicles travelling in the historical centre (from 450 to 280) with the aim of reaching 60% of the total amount of carried goods.

Siena, Italia

Creation of two logistics bases as part of the ALIFE project interventions (Ecommerce pilot project of the Ministry of Transport). The project started in 1999. The historical centre of Siena is completely TLZ and each street has an own weight limit for the access of vehicles.Municipality of Siena established a set of traffic restriction measures inside TLZ area based on the subdivision of goods category (from 6:00 to 10:00 and from 14:30 to 19:30 for harmaceutical products and fresh groceries, from 6:00 to 10:00 and from 15:30 to 17:00 for other goods) and automatic access control system based on Telepass technology

Local Administration, public private partnership, transport operators and ENEA (Italian Energy Authority). A Ltd company of Logistics and Services was constituted to manage and coordinate different aspects related to service.

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Chng 2: M hnh Logistics th: bi hc kinh nghim

Thnh ph Bin php trin khai Cc bn lin quan Kt qu

Ngun: Systems and Advanced Solutions for eLogistics in the Sustainable City, Edited by G Ambrosino, M Boero, J D Nelson, M Romanazzo, 2005,
Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76 00196 Rome (ITALY), ISBN 88-8286-137-6

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Chng 2: M hnh Logistics th: bi hc kinh nghim

2.4. Kt lun: Theo nh nh ngha v Logistics th ca Ruske 1994, Kohler 1997, Taniguchi v Vander Heijden 2000 th Logistics th l qu trnh ti u ha cc hot ng Logistics v cc hot ng vn ti trong khu vc th trn c s c xem xt ti cc vn lin quan mi trng giao thng, tc nghn giao thng v tiu th nng lng trong khun kh ca mt nn kinh t th trng. Cc cng trnh nghin cu v Logistics th hin nay ch nghin cu ti hot ng vn ti hng ha trong th bi n cha c quan tm nhiu v cha c cc la chn thay th nh ca hot ng vn ti hnh khch trong th (la chn thay th nh vn ti hnh khch cng cng). Nh vy, phn tch Logistics th ta cn phi bit c cc hot ng Logistics trong th bao gm nhng g, hot ng vn ti hng ha trong th nh th no, nhng vn lin quan ra sao hay ta s ti u ha tt c cc hot ng ny nh th no. L thuyt v Logistics v qun tr logistics hay m hnh Logistics th, phng php tip cn, l thuyt v dng hng ha trong th, nhng tc dng ca h thng giao thng thng minh (ITS) hay h thng thng tin truyn thng (ICT) cho Logistics th s p ng c tt c cc yu cu , ng thi mang ti cho chng ta ci nhn thc s tng quan v Logistics th v hiu qu ca n i vi hot ng vn ti hng ha ni ring v tng th cc mt kinh t x hi ca th ni chung. Bi hc kinh nghim thc hin thnh cng cc nc trn th gii s m ra mt hng nhn mi cho xy dng v p dng m hnh qun l Logistics th Vit Nam.

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