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CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC

Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org


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DNG 1: BI TP V THNH PHN CA NGUYN T
Cu 1: Ht nhn ca hu ht cc nguyn t do cc loi ht sau cu to nn
A. electron, proton v ntron B. electron v ntron
C. proton v ntron D. electron v proton
Cu 2: Mt nguyn t c c trng c bn bng
A. S proton v in tch ht nhn B. S proton v s electron
C. S khi A v s ntron D. S khi A v in tch ht nhn
Cu 3: Nguyn t ha hc bao gm cc nguyn t:
A. C cng s khi A B. C cng s proton
C. C cng s ntron D. C cng s proton v s ntron
Cu 4: iu khng nh no sau y l sai ?
A. Ht nhn nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
B. Trong nguyn t s ht proton bng s ht electron.
C. S khi A l tng s proton (Z) v tng s ntron (N).
D. Nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Nguyn t c cu to t cc ht c bn l proton, electron, ntron
B. Nguyn t c cu trc c kht, gm v nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t.
C. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton v ht ntron.
D. V nguyn t c cu to t cc ht electron.
Cu 6: Mnh no sau y khng ng ?
(1) S in tch ht nhn c trng cho 1 nguyn t. (2) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 proton.
(3) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 ntron. (4) Ch c trong nguyn t oxi mi c 8 electron.
A. 3 v 4 B. 1 v 3 C. 4 D. 3
Cu 7: Chn cu pht biu sai :
1. Trong mt nguyn t lun lun c s prtn = s electron = s in tch ht nhn
2. Tng s prton v s electron trong mt ht nhn gi l s khi
3. S khi A l khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t
4. S prton = in tch ht nhn
5. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s prton nhng khc nhau v s ntron
A. 2, 4, 5 B. 2, 3 C. 3, 4 D. 2, 3, 4
Cu 8: Cho ba nguyn t c k hiu l Mg
24
12
, Mg
25
12
, Mg
26
12
. Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. S ht electron ca cc nguyn t ln lt l: 12, 13, 14 B. y l 3 ng v ca kim loi Magie
C. Ba nguyn t trn u thuc nguyn t Mg. D. Ht nhn ca mi ngt u c 12 proton.
Cu 9: Chn cu pht biu sai:
A. S khi bng tng s ht p v n B. Tng s p v s e c gi l s khi
C. Trong 1 nguyn t s p = s e = in tch ht nhn D. S p bng s e
Cu 10: Nguyn t Al
27
13

c :
A. 13p, 13e, 14n. B. 13p, 14e, 14n.
C. 13p, 14e, 13n. D. 14p, 14e, 13n.
Cu 11: Nguyn t canxi c k hiu l Ca
40
20
. Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. Nguyn t Ca c 2 electron lp ngoi cng. B. S hiu nguyn t ca Ca l 20.
C. Canxi th 20 trong bng tun hon. D. Tng s ht c bn ca canxi l 40.
Cu 12*: Cho cc pht biu sau, nhng pht biu ng:
1. Obitan nguyn t l vng khng gian quanh ht nhn, xc sut hin din ca electron l rt ln (> 90%).
2. m my electron khng c ranh gii r rt cn obitan nguyn t c ranh gii r rt.
3. Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a 2 electron vi chiu t quay ging nhau.
4. Trong cng mt phn lp, cc electron s c phn b trn cc obitan sao cho cc electron c thn l ti
a v cc electron phi c chiu t quay khc nhau.
5. Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a 2 electron vi chiu t quay khc nhau.
A. 1, 3, 5. B. 3, 2, 4. C. 3, 5, 4. D. 1, 2, 5.
CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
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DNG 2: TM S P, E, N, S KHI A - VIT K HIU NGUYN T

LU : Ngt X c s ht ( p, n,e ) nhn thm a electron Ion X
a-
c s ht l ( p, n, e + a)
Ngt Y c s ht (p, n, e) nhng (cho) b electron Ion Y
b+
c s ht l ( p, n, e - b)

Cu 13: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 40 .Tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng
mang in l 12 ht .Nguyn t X c s khi l :
A. 27 B. 26 C. 28 D. 23
Cu 14: Trong nguyn t mt nguyn t A c tng s cc loi ht l 58. Bit s ht p t hn s ht n l 1 ht. K
hiu ca A l
A.
K
38
19
B.
K
39
19
C.
K
39
20
D.
K
38
20

Cu 15: Tng cc ht c bn trong mt nguyn t l 155 ht. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 33 ht. S khi ca nguyn t l
A. 119 B. 113 C. 112 D. 108
Cu 16: Tng cc ht c bn trong mt nguyn t l 82 ht. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 22 ht. S khi ca nguyn t l
A. 57 B. 56 C. 55 D. 65
Cu 17: Ngt ca nguyn t Y c cu to bi 36 ht .Trong ht nhn, ht mang in bng s ht khng
mang in.
1/ S n v in tch ht nhn Z l :
A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D.15
2/ S khi A ca ht nhn l :
A . 23 B. 24 C. 25 D. 27
Cu 18: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 49, trong s ht khng mang in bng
53,125% s ht mang in.in tch ht nhn ca X l:
A. 18 B. 17 C. 15 D. 16
Cu 19: Nguyn t nguyn t X -c cu to bi 36 ht, trong s ht mang in gp i s ht khng mang
in. in tch ht nhn ca X l:
A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18
Cu 20: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c 122 ht p,n,e. S ht mang in trong nhn t hn s ht khng mang
in l 11 ht. S khi ca nguyn t trn l:
A. 122 B. 96

C. 85 D. 74
Cu 21: Nguyn t X c tng s ht p,n,e l 52 v s khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca X l
A. 17 B. 18 C. 34 D. 52
Cu 22: Nguyn t X c tng s ht p, n, e l 28 ht. K hiu nguyn t ca X l
A. X
16
8
B. X
19
9

C. X
10
9

D. X
18
9

Cu 23: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 13. S khi ca nguyn t
l:
A. 8 B. 10 C. 11 D. Tt c u sai
Cu 24: Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB
4
3-
l 50. S ht mang in trong nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht
mang in trong ht nhn nguyn t B l 22. S hiu nguyn t A, B ln lt l:
A. 16 v 7 B. 7 v 16 C. 15 v 8 D. 8 v 15
Cu 25: Trong phn t M
2
X c tng s ht p,n,e l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca M ln hn s khi ca X l 23. Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M nhiu
hn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht. CTPT ca M
2
X l:
A. K
2
O B. Rb
2
O C. Na
2
O D. Li
2
O
Cu 26: Trong phn t MX
2
c tng s ht p,n,e bng 164 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 52 ht. S khi ca nguyn t M ln hn s khi ca nguyn t X l 5. Tng s ht p,n,e
trong nguyn t M ln hn trong nguyn t X l 8 ht. Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M ln hn trong
nguyn t X l 8 ht. S hiu nguyn t ca M l:
A. 12 B. 20 C. 26 D. 9

CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org Trang 3/12
DNG 3: XC NH NGT KHI TRUNG BNH, S KHI, % CC NG V
Dng 1: Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh.
- Nu cha c s khi A
1
; A
2
. ta tm A
1
= p + n
1
; A
2
= p+ n
2
; A
3
= p + n
3

- p dng cng thc :
A =
100
. . . A
3 3 2 2 1 1
x A x A x + +
trong A
1
, A
2
, A
3
l s khi ca cc ng v 1, 2, 3
x
1
, x
2
, x
3
l % s nguyn t ca cc ng v 1, 2, 3
hoc A=
3 2 1
3 3 2 2 1 1
. . . A
x x x
x A x A x
+ +
+ +
trong A
1
, A
2
, A
3
l s khi ca cc ng v 1, 2, 3
x
1
, x
2
, x
3
l s nguyn t ca cc ng v 1, 2, 3
Dng 2: Xc nh phn trm cc ng v
- Gi % ca ng v 1 l x % % ca ng v 2 l (100 x).
- Lp phng trnh tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh gii c x.
Dng 3: Xc nh s khi ca cc ng v
- Gi s khi cc ng v 1, 2 ln lt l A
1
; A
2
.
- Lp h 2 phng trnh cha n A
1
; A
2
gii h c A
1
; A
2
.
Dng 4: Xc nh hm lng % ca ng v
1
A
X trong hp cht Y
a
X
b
.
- Xc nh hm lng ca ng v
1
A
X c trong hn hp cc ng v ca nguyn t X.
- Hm lng % ca ng v
1
A
X trong phn t l:
1 1
%. .
%
.
A
x A b
X
Ya X b
=
+
(x% l hm lng % ca
1
A
X )
Cu 27: nh ngha v ng v no sau y ng:
A. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s ntron, khc nhau s prton.
B. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s ntron, khc nhau s prton
C. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s prton, khc nhau s ntron
D. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s proton, khc nhau s ntron
Cu 28: Trong dy k hiu cc nguyn t sau, dy no ch cng mt nguyn t ha hc:
A.
6
A
14
;
7
B
15
B.
8
C
16
;
8
D
17
;
8
E
18
C.
26
G
56
;
27
F
56
D.
10
H
20
;
11
I
22

Cu 29: Oxi c 3 ng v
16
8
O,
17
8
O,
18
8
O s kiu phn t O
2
c th to thnh l:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Cu 30: Trong t nhin H c 3 ng v:
1
H,
2
H,
3
H. Oxi c 3 ng v
16
O,
17
O,
18
O. Hi c bao nhiu loi phn
t H
2
O c to thnh t cc loi ng v trn:
A. 3 B. 16 C. 18 D. 9
Cu 31: Nit trong thin nhin l hn hp gm hai ng v l N
14
7
(99,63%) v N
15
7
(0,37%). Nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca nit l
A. 14,7 B. 14,0 C. 14,4 D. 13,7
Cu 32: Tnh ngt khi trung bnh ca Mg bit Mg c 3 ng v Mg
24
12
( 79%), Mg
25
12
( 10%), cn li l Mg
26
12
?
Cu 33: Nguyn t Cu c hai ng v bn l Cu
63
29
v Cu
65
29
. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. T l
% ng v Cu
63
29
, Cu
65
29
ln lt l
A. 70% v 30% B. 27% v 73% C. 73% v 27% D. 64% v 36 %
Cu 34: Khi l-ng nguyn t trung bnh ca Brm l 79,91. Brm c hai ng v, trong ng v
35
Br
79

chim 54,5%. Khi l-ng nguyn t ca ng v th hai s l:
A. 77 B. 78 C. 80 D. 81
Cu 35: Nguyn t Bo c 2 ng v
11
B (x
1
%) v
10
B (x
2
%), nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Bo l 10,8. Gi tr
ca x
1
% l:
A. 80% B. 20% C. 10,8% D. 89,2%
Cu 36: Nguyn t X c 2 ng v, t l s nguyn t ca ng v 1, ng v 2 l 31 : 19. ng v 1 c 51
proton, 70 ntron v ng v th 2 hn ng v 1 l 2 ntron. Tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X ?
Cu 37: Clo co hai ong v la
35 37
17 17
; Cl Cl . T le so nguyen t cua hai ong v nay la 3 : 1. Tnh nguyen t
lng trung bnh cua Clo.
CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org Trang 4/12
Cu 38: ng c 2 ng v Cu
63
29
; Cu
65
29
, bit t l s nguyn t ca chng ln lt l 105 : 245. Tnh ngt
khi trung bnh ca Cu ?
Cu 39: Trong t nhin ng (k hiu ha hc l: Cu) c 2 ng v l
63
Cu v
65
Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca Cu l 63,54. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca
63
Cu trong CuSO
4
?
Cu 40: X c 2 ng v l X
1
v X
2
. Tng s ht khng mang in ca X
1
v X
2
l 90. Nu cho 1,2g Ca tc
dng vi 1 lng X va thu c 5,994g hp cht CaX
2
. Bit t l s nguyn t X
1
:X
2
= 605:495 v X
th 35 trong bng tun hon. S khi ca X
1
v X
2
l:
A. 79 v 81 B. 80 v 81 C. 78 v 80 D. 80 v 82
Cu 41: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn l
37
17
Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l
35
17
Cl . Thnh
phn % theo khi lng
37
17
Cl trong HClO
4
.
A. 8,56% B. 8,92% C. 8,79% D. 8,43%
Cu 42: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Bo (B) bng 10,81 u. Bit B gm c hai ng v
10
5
B v
11
5
B . Hi c
bao nhiu phn trm s nguyn t ng v
11
5
B trong phn t axit H
3
BO
3
.
Cu 43: Cho 8 gam mt kim loi R thuc nhm IIA tc dng va vi clo d, sau phn ng thy c 22,2 gam
mui X. Mt khc clo trong t nhin c hai ng v
37
17
Cl v
35
17
Cl v nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo l 35,5.
Xc nh % khi lng ca ng v
37
17
Cl c trong mui X.

DNG 4:
MI QUAN H GIA TH TCH, BN KNH
KHI LNG RING CA HT NHN V NGUYN T
Phng php gii:
- Th tch ca ht nhn nguyn t v nguyn t tnh theo cng thc th tch hnh cu:
3
4
3
V r t = (r l bn knh ca ht nhn v nguyn t; t c gi tr l 3,14)
- n v ca V ph thuc vo n v ca r: 1nm = 10
-9
m = 10
-7
cm = 10A
- Khi lng ring ca ht nhn hoc nguyn t c xc nh theo cng thc:
( ) ( )
3 3
/ hoc /
m
D g cm kg m
V
=
Bi tp vn dng:
Cu 1: Nguyn t km c bn knh r = 1,35.10
-1
nm v c nguyn t khi l 65u.
a. Xc nh khi lng ring ca nguyn t km (g/cm
3
)
b. Thc t hu nhu khi lng ca nguyn t tp trung ht nhn c bn knh r = 2.10
-6
nm. Tnh khi
lng ring ht nhn nguyn t km (g/cm
3
).
c. Nu trong tinh th, cc nguyn t km ch chim khong 70% th tch, phn cn li l rng th thc t
khi lng ring ca km l bao nhiu g/cm
3
.
Cu 2: Trong mt t bo n v ca tinh th X (mng lp phng tm din, vi cnh ca hnh lp phng l a =
3,62.10
-8
cm) c 4 n v cu trc. Khi lng ring ca nguyn t ny l 8920 kg/m
3
. Bit trong t bo lp
phng tm din, bn knh nguyn t ca nguyn t l r =
2
4
a
.
a. Tnh th tch ca cc nguyn t trong mt t bo v phn trm th tch ca t bo b chim bi cc
nguyn t x.
b. Xc nh nguyn t X.

CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
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DNG 5: TM NGT V VIT CU HNH E CA NGT - C IM E CA LP, PHN LP
Tm Z Tn nguyn t, vit cu hnh electron
Cu 39: Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau:

6
C ,
8
O ,
12
Mg ,
15
P ,
20
Ca ,
18
Ar ,
32
Ge ,
35
Br,
30
Zn ,
29
Cu .
- Cho bit nguyn t no l kim loi , nguyn t no l phi kim, nguyn t no l kh him? V sao?
- Cho bit nguyn t no thuc nguyn t s , p , d , f ? V sao?
Cu 40: Ba nguyen t A, B, C co so hieu nguyen t la 3 so t nhien lien tiep. Tong so e cua chung la 51.
Hay viet cau hnh e va cho biet ten cua chung.
Cu 41:a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s
2
4p
4
. Hy vit cu hnh electron
ca nguyn t X.
b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t Y.
Cu 42: Mt nguyn t X c s hiu nguyn t Z =19. S lp electron trong nguyn t X l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6
Cu 43: Nguyn t ca nguyn t nhm c 13e v cu hnh electron l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
. Kt lun no sau y
ng ?
A. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 3e.
B. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 1e.
C. Lp L (lp th 2) ca nhm c 3e.
D. Lp L (lp th 2) ca nhm c 3e hay ni cch khc l lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 3e.
Cu 44: trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t c s hiu bng 7 c my electron c thn ?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 1
Cu 45: Mc nng lng ca cc electron trn cc phn lp s, p, d thuc cng mt lp c xp theo th t :
A. d < s < p. B. p < s < d. C. s < p < d. D. s < d < p.
Cu 46: Cc nguyn t c Zs20, tho mn iu kin c 2e c thn lp ngoi cng l
A. Ca, Mg, Na, K B. Ca, Mg, C, Si C. C, Si, O, S D. O, S, Cl, F
Cu 47: Nguyn t M c cu hnh electron ca phn lp ngoi cng l 3d
7
. Tng s electron ca nguyn t M
l:
A. 24 B. 25 C. 27 D. 29
Cu 48: Electron cui cng ca mt nguyn t M in vo phn lp 3d
3
. S electron ha tr ca M l
A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D.4
Cu 49: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp ngoi cng l 6. Cho
bit X thuc v nguyn t ho hc no sau y?
A. Oxi (Z = 8) B. Lu hunh (Z = 16) C. Flo (Z = 9) D. Clo (Z = 17)
Cu 50: Mt ngt X c tng s e cc phn lp p l 11. Hy cho bit X thuc v nguyn t ho hc no ?
A. nguyn t s. B. nguyn t p. C. nguyn t d. D. nguyn t f.
Cu 51: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y
c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 8. X v Y l cc nguyn t:
A. Al v Br B. Al v Cl C. Mg v Cl D. Si v Br.
Cu 52: Nguyn t nguyn t X c e cui cng in vo phn lp 3p
1
. Nguyn t nguyn t Y c e cui cng
in vo phn lp 3p
3
. S proton ca X, Y ln l-t l:
A. 13 v 15 B. 12 v 14 C. 13 v 14 D. 12 v 15
Cu 53: Electron cui cng ca nguyn t nguyn t X phn b vo phn lp 3d
6
. X l
A. Zn B. Fe C. Ni D. S
Cu 54: Mt nguyn t X c 3 lp. trng thi c bn, s electron ti a trong lp M l:
A. 2 B. 8 C. 18 D. 32
Cu 55: Mot nguyen t co Z la 14 th nguyen t o co ac iem sau:
A. So obitan con trong trong lp vo la 1. C. So obitan trong la 6.
B. So electron oc than la 2. D. A, B eu ung.
CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
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DNG 6: VIT CU HNH E CA ION XC NH TNH CHT CA NGUYN T

1. T cu hnh e ca nguyn t Cu hnh e ca ion tng ng.
- Cu hnh e ca ion dng : bt i s e phn lp ngoi cng ca ngt bng ng in tch ion .
- Cu hnh e ca ion m : nhn thm s e bng ng in tch ion vo phn lp ngoi cng ca ngt.
2. Da vo cu hnh e, xc nh cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca nguyn t.
- Lp ngoi cng c 8 e ngt kh him
- Lp ngoi cng c 1, 2, 3 e ngt kim loi
- Lp ngoi cng c 5, 6, 7 ngt phi kim
- Lp ngoi cng c 4 e c th l kim loi, hay phi kim.
Cu 57: Hy vit cu hnh electron : Fe , Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
, S , S
2-
, Rb v Rb
+
. Bit : Z
Fe
= 26 ; Z
S

= 16 ; Z
Rb

= 37.
Cu 58: Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ngt, ion sau : Al ( Z = 13); Al
3+
; Fe ( Z= 26); Fe
2+
; Br ( Z= 35); Br
-
?
Cu 59: Cho bit st c s hiu nguyn t l 26. Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe
2+
l:
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6

C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
4
Cu 60: Cu trc electron no sau y l ca ion Cu
+
.
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
9
4s
1
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
. C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
9
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1

Cu 61: Cu
2+
c cu hnh electron l:
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
9
4s
2
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
9
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
8
Cu 62: Ion X
2-
v M
3+
u c cu hnh electron l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
. X, M l nhng nguyn t no sau y ?
A. F, Ca B. O, Al C. S, Al D. O, Mg
Cu 63: Dy gm nguyn t X, cc ion Y
2+
v Z
-
u c cu hnh electron : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
l:
A. Ne, Mg
2+
, F
-
B. Ar, Mg
2+
, F
-
C. Ne, Ca
2+
, Cl
-
D. Ar,Ca
2+
, Cl
-

Cu 64: Cation R
+
c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p
6
. Vy cu hnh electron ca nguyn t R l
A.1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
B.1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
C.1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
D.1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
Cu 65: Ion M
3+
c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3d
5
. Vy cu hnh electron ca M l
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
8
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2

C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
8
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
2
4p
1

Cu 66: Cu hnh e ca ion Mn
2+
l : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
. Cu hnh e ca Mn l :
A.1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
7
C.

1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
2

B.

1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
4p
5
D.

1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
3
4s
2
4p
2
Cu 67: Cho bit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t
X : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
; Y : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
; Z : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
.
Nguyn t no l kim loi ?
A. X B. Y C. Z D. X v Y
Cu 68: Cho cc nguyn t c s hiu tng ng l:
X (Z
1
= 11) , Y (Z
2
= 14) , Z (Z
3
= 17) , T (Z
4
= 20) , R (Z
5
= 10).
Cc nguyn t l kim loi gm :
A. Y, Z, T. B. Y, T, R. C. X, Y, T. D. X, T.
Cu 69: Cu trc electron no sau y l ca phi kim:
(1). 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
. (4). [Ar]3d
5
4s
1
.
(2). 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
2
4s
2
. (5). [Ne]3s
2
3p
3
.
(3). 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
2
4p
3
. (6). [Ne]3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
.
A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (5). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (4), (6).
Cu 70: Cho cc cu hnh electron sau:
a. 1s
2
2s
1
. b. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
1
. c. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1

d. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
. e. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
4
4s
2
f. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
2

g. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5
. h. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
2
4p
5
i. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
2

j. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
. k. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3
. l. 1s
2
.
* Cc nguyn t c tnh cht phi kim gm:
A. ( c, d, f, g, k) B. ( d, f, g, j, k) C. ( d, g, h, k ) D. ( d, g, h, i, k).
* Cc nguyn t c tnh kim loi :
A. ( a, b, e, f, j, l). B. ( a, f, j, l) C. ( a, b,c, e, f, j) D. ( a, b, j, l).
CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org Trang 7/12
DNG 7: T CU HNH ELECTRON CA NGUYN T V TR TRONG BTH
Lu :
- Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t biu din s phn b, sp xp ca cc electron theo th t ca cc lp v cc
phn t (1s/2s2p/3s3p3d/4s4p4d4f/5s5p5d5f/....)
- T cu hnh ion => cu hnh electron ca nguyn t => v tr trong BTH
( khng dng cu hnh ion =>v tr nguyn t )
- T v tr trong BTH cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
+ T s th t chu k => s lp electron => lp ngoi cng l lp th my
+ T s th t nhm => s electron ca lp ngoi cng ( vi nhm A) cu hnh electron.
Nu cu hnh e ngoi cng : (n-1)d
a
ns
b
th nguyn t thuc nhm B v :
+ nu a + b < 8 S TT nhm = a + b.
+ nu a + b = 8, 9, 10 S TT nhm = 8.
+ nu a + b > 10 S TT nhm = a + b 10.
- Mt s nguyn t nguyn t c cu hnh electron c dng:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
9 2 10 1
4 2 5 1
1 1
1 1
n d ns n d ns
n d ns n d ns


Cu 71: Nguyn t A c Z = 18,v tr ca A trong bng tun hon l:
A. chu k 3, phn nhm VIB B. chu k 3, phn nhm VIIIA
C. chu k 3, phn nhm VIA D. chu k 3, phn nhm VIIIB
Cu 72: Nguyn t R c Z = 25,v tr ca R trong bng tun hon l:
A. chu k 4, phn nhm VIIA B. chu k 4, phn nhm VB
C. chu k 4, phn nhm IIA D. chu k 4, phn nhm VIIB
Cu 73: Nguyn t A c mc nng lng ngoi cng l 3p
5
. Ngt B c mc nng lng ngoi cng 4s
2
. Xc
nh v tr ca A, B trong BTH ?
Cu 74: Xc nh v tr ca cc ngt c mc nng lng ngoi cng l :
A. 3s
2
3p
5
B. 3d
10
4p
6
C. 4s
2
3d
3
D. 4s
2
3d
10
E. 4s
2
3d
8

Cu 75: Cho 3 nguyn t A, M, X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (n = 3) tng ng l ns
1
, ns
2
np
1
, ns
2

np
5
. Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. A, M, X ln lt l cc th 11, 13 v 17 ca bng tun hon.
B. A, M, X u thuc chu k 3 ca bng tun hon.
C. A, M, X thuc nhm IA, IIIA v VIIA ca bng tun hon.
D. Trong ba nguyn t, ch c X to c hp cht vi hiro.
Cu 76: Anion X
3-
c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s
2
3p
6
. V tr ca X trong BTH l:
A. th 15, chu k 3, phn nhm VA B. th 16, chu k 2, phn nhm VA
C. th 17, chu k 3, phn nhm VIIA D. th 21, chu k 4, phn nhm IIIB
Cu 77: Ion X
2+
c cu hnh electron 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
. V tr ca X trong bng tun hon (chu k, nhm) l
A. Chu k 3, nhm IIA B. Chu k 2, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 2, nhm VIIA D. Chu k 3, nhm IA
Cu 78: Ion Y

c cu hnh electron 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
. V tr ca Y trong bng tun hon (chu k, nhm) l
A. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA B. Chu k 3, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IA D. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
Cu 79: Cation X
+
v anion Y
2-
u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s
2
3p
6
. V tr ca cc nguyn t
trong BTH l:
A. X c STT 19, chu k 4, nhm IA; Y c STT 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA
B. X c STT 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA; Y c STT 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA
C. X c STT 19, chu k 4, nhm IA; Y c STT 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA
D. X c STT 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA; Y c STT 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA
Cu 80: Nguyn t Y c Z = 22.
a. Vit cu hnh electron ngt Y, xc nh v tr ca Y trong BTH ?
b. Vit cu hnh electron ca Y
2+
; Y
4+
?
Cu 81: Ngt A chu k 5, nhm IA, nguyn t B c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4p
5
.
a. Vit cu hnh electron ca A, B v v tr ca nguyn t A v B.
b. Gi tn A, B v cho bit A, B l kim loi, phi kim hay kh him ?
CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org Trang 8/12
DNG 8: XC NH 2 NGUYN T K TIP TRONG CNG 1 CHU K HOC CNG NHM
- Nu A, B l 2 nguyn t nm k tip nhau trong 1 chu k Z
B
Z
A
=1
- Nu A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc 1 nhm A v 2 chu k lin tip th gia A, B c th cch nhau 8, 18 hoc 32
nguyn t. Lc ny cn xt bi ton 3 trng hp:
+ Trng hp 1: A, B cch nhau 8 nguyn t : Z
B
Z
A
=8.
+ Trng hp 2: A, B cch nhau 18 nguyn t : Z
B
Z
A
=18.
+ Trng hp 3: A, B cch nhau 32 nguyn t : Z
B
Z
A
=32.
Phng php :
- Lp h phng trnh theo 2 n Z
B
, Z
A
Z
B
, Z
A

- in tch ht nhn trung bnh ca 2 nguyn t A v B l:
2
2
A
A B
Z Z
Z Z Z Z
+
= < <
Cu 1: A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. Bit Z
A
+ Z
B
= 32.
S proton trong nguyn t ca A, B ln lt l:
A. 7, 25 B. 12, 20 C. 15, 17 D. 8, 14
Cu 2: A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. Tng s proton
trong ht nhn 2 nguyn t l 30. A, B l nguyn t no sau y?
A. Li v Na B. Na v K C. Mg v Ca D. Be v Mg
Cu 3: A va B la hai nguyen to thuoc cung mot phan nhom chnh va hai chu ky nho lien tiep trong he
thong tuan hoan. Tong so p cua chung la 32. Xac nh so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B.
Cu 4: A va B la hai nguyen to thuoc cung mot phan nhom chnh va hai chu ky lien tiep trong he thong
tuan hoan. Tong so ien tch hat nhan cua chung la 24. Tm so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B.
Cu 5: A va B la hai nguyen to ng ke tiep nhau mot chu ky trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so p cua
chung la 25. Xac nh so hieu nguyen t va viet cau hnh e cua A, B.
Cu 5: C va D la hai nguyen to ng ke tiep nhau mot chu ky trong he thong tuan hoan. Tong so khoi
cua chung la 51. So ntron cua D ln hn C la 2 hat. Trong nguyen t C, so electron bang vi so ntron.
Xac nh v tr va viet cau hnh e cua C, D.
Cu 6: Hp cht M to ra t ion X
+
v Y
2-
. Mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t to nn. Tng s
proton trong X
+
l 11, tng s electron trong Y
2-
l 50. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t v gi tn A, bit rng
hai nguyn t trong Y
2-
thuc cng phn nhm v thuc hai chu k lin tip nhau.
(Trch 90 B tuyn sinh nm 1996)
DNG 9: XC NH NGUYN T DA VO PHN TRM KHI LNG
Lu : i vi phi kim : ho tr cao nht vi Oxi +ho tr vi Hidro =8
- Xc nh nhm ca ngt R (S TT nhm = s electron lp ngoi cng = ho tr ca ngt trong oxit cao nht )
- Lp h thc theo % khi lng M
R
.
Gi s cng thc RH
a
cho %H %R =100-%H v ngc li ADCT :
R
M
H
M a
R H
% %
.
= gii ra M
R
.
Gi s cng thc R
x
O
y
cho %O %R =100-%O v ngc li ADCT :
R
M x
O
M y
R O
%
.
%
.
= gii ra M
R
.

Cu 1: Ngt X c ho tr 1 trong hp cht kh vi hiro. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht X chim 38,8% khi
lng. Cng thc oxit cao nht, hiroxit tng nga ca X l :
A. F
2
O
7
, HF B. Cl
2
O
7
, HClO
4
C. Br
2
O
7
, HBrO
4
D. Cl
2
O
7
, HCl
Cu 2: Hp cht kh vi hidro ca ngt c cng thc RH
4
, oxit cao nht c 72,73% oxi theo khi lng, R l :
A. C B. Si C. Ge D. Sn
Cu 3: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R l RO
3
. Hp cht kh ca R vi hiro c 5,88 % hiro v khi lng. Tm R.
Cu 4: Oxit cao nht ca R l R
2
O
5
. Trong hp cht kh vi hiro, R chim 82,35 % v khi lng. Tm R.
Cu 5: H/cht kh vi hiro ca ngt R l RH
4
. Trong oxit cao nht ca R c 53,3 % oxi v khi lng. Tm R.
Cu 6: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca ngt R l RH
2
. Trong oxit cao nht, t l khi lng gia R v oxi l 2 : 3.
Tm R.
Cu 7: Nguyn t R c cng thc hp cht vi hidro l RH. Trong hp cht oxi cao nht, R chim 74,2% v
khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R v cho bit n l nguyn t kim loi hay phi kim?
CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org Trang 9/12
DNG 10: XC NH NGUYN T DA VO PHN NG HA HC
- Tm 2 kim loi A, B k tip nhau trong cng phn nhm chnh.
Tm
hhKL
hhKL
n
m
A = M
A
< A < M
B
da vo BTH suy ra 2 nguyn t A, B.
Cu 94: Cho 4,4 g hn hp 2 kim loi kim th k cn nhau td vi dd HCl d cho 3,36 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Hai
kim loi l:
A. Ca, Sr B. Be, Mg C. Mg, Ca D. Sr, Ba
Cu 95: Cho 34,25 gam mt kim loi M( ha tr II) tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 6,16 lt H
2
( 27,3
o
C,
1atm). M l: A. Be B. Ca C. Mg
D. Ba
Cu 96: Ho tan hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim k tip nhau vo nc c dd X v 336 ml kh H
2
(ktc). Cho
HCl d vo dd X v c cn thu c 2,075 g mui khan. Hai kim loi kim l:
A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs
Cu 97: Ho tan hon ton 6,9081 g hn hp mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong nhm IIA vo dd
HCl thu c 1,68 lt CO
2
(ktc). Hai kim loi l:
A. Ca, Sr B. Be, Mg C. Mg, Ca D. Sr, Ba
Cu 98: Cho 10,80 g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong nhm IIA tc dng vi dd
H
2
SO
4
long d. Cht kh thu c cho hp th hon ton vo dd Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c 23,64 g kt ta.
Cng thc 2 mui l:
A. BeCO
3
v MgCO
3
B. MgCO
3
v CaCO
3
C. CaCO
3
v SrCO
3
D. SrCO
3
v BaCO
3
Cu 99: Cho 10 (g) mt kim loi A ha tr II tc dng ht vi nc thu c 5,6 (l) kh H
2
(kc). Tm tn kim
loi .
Cu 100: Cho 17 g mt oxit kim loi A ( nhm III) vo dd H
2
SO
4
va , thu c 57 g mui. Xc nh kim
loi A? Tnh khi lng dd H
2
SO
4
10% dng ?
Cu 101: Cho 0,72 (g) mt kim loi M ha tr II tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 672 (ml) kh
H
2
(kc). Xc nh tn kim loi .
Cu 102: Ha tan hon ton 6,85 (g) mt kim loi kim th R bng 200 (ml) dung dch HCl 2 (M). Nu trung
ha lng axit cn 100 (ml) dung dch NaOH 3 (M). Xc nh tn kim loi trn.
Cu 103: Cho 0,88 g hn hp 2 kim loi X, Y ( nhm IIA ), 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dd H
2
SO
4
long
thu c 672 ml kh (ktc) v m gam mui khan.
a. Xc nh 2 kim loi X, Y ?
b. Tnh m gam mui khan thu c ?
Cu 104: Cho 11,2 g hn hp 2 kloi kim A, B 2 chu k lin tip vo dd 200 ml H
2
O c 4,48 lt kh (ktc)
v dd E.
a. Xc nh A, B ?
b. Tnh C% cc cht trong dd E ?
c. trung ho dd E trn cn bao nhiu ml dd H
2
SO
4
1M ?
Cu 105: Nu ha tan hon ton 1,16 (g) mt hiroxit kim loi R ha tr II cn dng 1,46 (g) HCl.
a. Xc nh tn kim loi R, cng thc hiroxit.
b. Vit cu hnh e ca R bit R c s p bng s n.
Cu 106: Ha tan 20,2 (g) hn hp 2 kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip thuc phn nhm chnh nhm I vo
nc thu c 6,72 (l) kh (kc) vo dung dch A.
a. Tm tn hai kim loi.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
2 (M) cn dng trung ha dung dch A.
DNG 11: SO SNH TNH CHT CA 1 NGUYN T VI CC NGT LN CN
CN NH
* Quy lut bin i:
Cc i lng v tnh
cht so snh
Quy lut bin i trong 1 chu
k
Quy lut bin i trong 1 nhm A
Bn knh nguyn t Gim dn Tng dn
Nng lng ion ho ( I
1
) Tng dn Gim dn
CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
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m in Tng dn Gim dn
Tnh kim loi Gim dn Tng dn
Tnh phi kim Tng dn Gim dn
Ho tr ca 1 ngt trong
Oxit cao nht
Tng t I VII
= chnh s th t nhm = s e
lp ngoi cng
Tnh axit ca oxit v
hiroxit
Tng dn Gim dn
Tnh baz ca oxit v
hiroxit
Gim dn Tng dn
* Khi so snh bn knh ca nguyn t v ion cn ch :
+ S lp electron cng lp => bn kinh cng ln.
+ Khi cng s lp electron => S p cng ln, bn knh cng ln.
+ Khi cng s p v e, th s e lp ngoi cng cng ln => bn kinh nguyn t cng ln.
* Mt s quy lut khi so snh tnh axit ca cc hp cht v c
+ Vi hp cht cha oxi: (HO)
n
XO
m
trong X l nguyn t trung tm khi :
- Gi tr m cng ln th tnh axit cng mnh
V d:
m = 0 => HClO; HBrO, H
3
BO
3
, H
3
PO
3
, .... l cc axit rt yu
m = 1 => HClO
2
; HBrO
2
, HNO
2
, H
2
CO
3
, H
2
SO
3
, H
2
SiO
3
, .... l cc axit yu
m = 2 => HClO
3
; H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
, .... l cc axit mnh
- Nu cng gi tr n v m => m in ca nguyn t trung tm cng ln (tnh phi kim cng
mnh) th tnh axit cng tng. V d HIO
3
< HBrO
3
< HClO
3

- Nhng axit a chc (n > 1) th tnh axit gim dn khi ln lt tch 1, 2, ...n ion H
+
ra khi phn
t. V d:
H
2
SO
4
>
4
HSO

hoc
2
3 4 2 4 4
H PO H PO HPO

> >
+ Vi nhng axit khng cha oxi: H
n
X. Khi
- Trong nhm A i t trn xung di th tnh axit tng dn. V d:
HF < HCl < HBr < HI
H
2
O < H
2
S < H
2
Se < H
2
Te
- Trong chu k, i t tri sang phi th tnh axit tng dn. V d
BH
3
< CH
4
< NH
3
< H
2
O < HF
Trc tin : Xc nh v tr cc ngt so snh cc ngt trong cng chu k, trong 1 nhm kt qu
Lu : Bit rng bn knh cc ion c cng cu hnh electron t l nghch vi Z
Cu 107: Trong chu k, t tri sang phi, theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn:
A.Tnh KL tng, tnh PK gim B. Tnh KL gim, tnh PK tng
C.Tnh KL tng, tnh PK tng D.Tnh KL gim, tnh PK gim
Cu 108: Trong 1 chu k, i t tri sang phi, theo chiu Z tng dn, bn knh nguyn t:
A.Tng dn B. Gim dn C. Khng i D. Khng xc nh
Cu 109: Bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t : Na, Li, Be, B. Xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. B < Be < Li < Na B. Na < Li < Be < B C. Li < Be < B < Na D. Be < Li < Na < B
Cu 110: m in ca cc nguyn t : Na, Mg, Al, Si. Xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. Na < Mg < Al < Si B. Si < Al < Mg < Na C. Si < Mg < Al < Na D. Al < Na < Si < Mg
Cu 111: m in ca cc nguyn t : F, Cl, Br, I .Xp theo chiu gim dn l:
A. F > Cl > Br > I B. I> Br > Cl> F C. Cl> F > I > Br D. I > Br> F > Cl
Cu 112: Cc nguyn t C, Si, Na, Mg c xp theo th t nng lng ion ho th nht gim dn l :
A. C, Mg, Si, Na B. Si, C, Na, Mg C. Si, C, Mg, Na D. C, Si, Mg, Na
Cu 113: Tnh kim loi gim dn trong dy :
A. Al, B, Mg, C B. Mg, Al, B, C C. B, Mg, Al, C D. Mg, B, Al, C
CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org Trang 11/12
Cu 114: Tnh phi kim tng dn trong dy :
A. P, S, O, F B. O, S, P, F C. O, F, P, S D. F, O, S, P
Cu 115: Tnh kim loi tng dn trong dy :
A. Ca, K, Al, Mg B. Al, Mg, Ca, K C. K, Mg, Al, Ca D. Al, Mg, K, Ca
Cu 116: Tnh phi kim gim dn trong dy :
A. C, O, Si, N B. Si, C, O, N C. O, N, C, Si D. C, Si, N, O
Cu 117: Tnh baz tng dn trong dy :
A. Al(OH)
3
; Ba(OH)
2
; Mg(OH)
2
B. Ba(OH)
2
; Mg(OH)
2
; Al(OH)
3

C. Mg(OH)
2
; Ba(OH)
2
; Al(OH)
3
D. Al(OH)
3
; Mg(OH)
2
; Ba(OH)
2

Cu 118: Tnh axit tng dn trong dy :
A. H
3
PO
4
; H
2
SO
4
; H
3
AsO
4
B. H
2
SO
4
; H
3
AsO
4
; H
3
PO
4

C. H
3
PO
4
; H
3
AsO
4
; H
2
SO
4
D. H
3
AsO
4
; H
3
PO
4
;H
2
SO
4

Cu 119: Tnh baz tng dn trong dy :
A. K
2
O; Al
2
O
3
; MgO; CaO B. Al
2
O
3
; MgO; CaO; K
2
O
C. MgO; CaO; Al
2
O
3
; K
2
O D. CaO; Al
2
O
3
; K
2
O; MgO
Cu 120: Ion no c bn knh nh nht trong cc ion sau:
A. Li
+
B. K
+
C. Be
2+
D. Mg
2+

Cu 121: Bn knh ion no ln nht trong cc ion sau :
A. S
2-
B. Cl
-
C. K
+
D. Ca
2+
Cu 122: Cc ion c bn knh gim dn l :
A. Na
+
; Mg
2+
; F
-
; O
2-
B. F
-
; O
2-
; Mg
2+
; Na
+
C. Mg
2+
; Na
+
; O
2-
; F
-
D. O
2-
; F
-
; Na
+
;
Mg
2+

Cu 123: Dy ion c bn knh nguyn t tng dn l :
A. Cl
-
; K
+
; Ca
2+
; S
2-
B. S
2-
;Cl
-
; Ca
2+
; K
+
C. Ca
2+
; K
+
; Cl
-
; S
2-
D. K
+
; Ca
2+
; S
2-
;Cl
-

BI TP TNG HP TRONG CC THI I HC, CAO NG
Cu 1: (H A 2007) Dy gm cc ion X
+
, Y
-
v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
l:
A. Na
+
, Cl
-
, Ar. B. Li
+
, F
-
, Ne. C. Na
+
, F
-
, Ne. D. K
+
, Cl
-
, Ar.
Cu 2: (H A 2007) Anion X
-
v cation Y
2+
u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s
2
3p
6
. V tr ca
cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l:
A. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4,
nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm
IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
C. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4,
nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 3,
nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
Cu 3: (H B 2007) Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII),
theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th
A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
Cu 4: (C 2007) Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l
63
29
Cuv
65
29
Cu. Nguyn t khi trung
bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v
63
29
Cu l
A. 27%. B. 50%. C. 54%. D. 73%.
CHUYN : CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON HA HC
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org Trang 12/12
Cu 5: (C 2007) Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca cc
nguyn t tng dn theo th t
A. M < X < Y < R. B. R < M < X < Y. C. Y < M < X < R. D. M < X < R < Y.
Cu 6: (C 2008) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht mang
in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc nguyn t X v Y ln
lt l
A. Fe v Cl. B. Na v Cl. C. Al v Cl. D. Al v P.
Cu 7: (H A 2008) Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t:
3
Li,
8
O,
9
F,
11
Na c xp theo th t tng dn t
tri sang phi l
A. F, O, Li, Na. B. F, Na, O, Li. C. F, Li, O, Na. D. Li, Na, O, F.
Cu 8: (H B 2008) Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l:
A. P, N, F, O. B. N, P, F, O. C. P, N, O, F. D. N, P, O, F.
Cu 9: (H B 2008) Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH
3
. Trong oxit m
R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. S. B. As. C. N. D. P.
Cu 10: (C 2009) Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v c s khi
l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l
A. 18. B. 23. C. 17. D. 15.
Cu 11: (H A 2009) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns
2
np
4
. Trong hp
cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca ngt X trong oxit
cao nht l
A. 50,00%. B. 27,27%. C. 60,00%. D. 40,00%.
Cu 12: (H A 2009) Cu hnh electron ca ion X
2+
l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
Cu 13: (H B 2009) Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc
nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. N, Si, Mg, K. B. K, Mg, Si, N. C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. Mg, K, Si, N.
Cu 14: (C 2010) Cho 9,125 gam mui hirocacbonat phn ng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
(d), thu c
dung dch cha 7,5 gam mui sunfat trung ho. Cng thc ca mui hirocacbonat l
A. NaHCO
3
. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. C. Ba(HCO
3
)
2
. D. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
.
Cu 15: (H A 2010) Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th
A. bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim. B. bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng.
C. bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng. D. bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim.
Cu 16: (H A 2010) Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t:
26
13
X,
55
26
Y,
26
12
Z?
A. X v Z c cng s khi. B. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc.
C. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc. D. X v Y c cng s ntron.
Cu 17: (H B 2010)Mt ion M
3+

c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d
5
4s
1
. B. [Ar]3d
6
4s
2
. C. [Ar]3d
6
4s
1
. D. [Ar]3d
3
4s
2
.
Cu 18: (C 2011) ho tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm kim loi R (ch c ha tr II) v oxit ca n
cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi R l
A. Ba. B. Be. C. Mg. D. Ca.
Cu 19: (H A 2011) Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm
3
. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th canxi
cc nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t
canxi tnh theo l thuyt l
A. 0,185 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,155 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
Cu 20: (C 2012) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52. Trong ht nhn
nguyn t X c s ht khng mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 1. V tr (chu k, nhm) ca X trong
bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l
A. chu k 3, nhm VA. B. chu k 3, nhm VIIA.
C. chu k 2, nhm VIIA. D. chu k 2, nhm VA.

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