S GD&T TP.

NNG
TRNG THPT CM L

CNG N TP HC K I NM HC 2013 2014

Mn: HA HC 10

PHN I: L THUYT
Chng 1: Cu to nguyn t
1, Nu cu to ca nguyn t?
2, Nu khi nim ng v?
3, Vit k hiu ha hc ca mt nguyn t?
4, Vit cng thc tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca cc ng v?
Chng 2: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc v nh lut tun hon.
1, Nu cu to ca bng tun hon ha hc?
2, Pht biu nh lut tun hon?
3, Nu mi quan h gia cu hnh e v v tr ca cc nguyn t trong h thng tun hon?
Chng 3: Lin kt ha hc
1, Nu cc loi lin kt ha hc? Nu mi quan h gia cc kiu lin kt v hiu m
in?
2, Nu cc quy tc xc nh s oxi ha?
Chng 4: Phn ng oxi ha kh
Nu cc bc cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh?
PHN II: BI TP
DNG 1:CU TAO NGUYN T
Bi 1/ Hy xc nh z, n, p, e ca cc nguyn t c k hiu sau:
27
9

F,

27
13

Al ,

40
20

Ca,

32
16

Bi 2/ Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c tt c 52 ht. Xcnh cu to nguyn t , bit rng

s ht khng mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in m 1 n v.
Bi 3/ R l mt nguyn t c tng s ht c bn: n, p, e l 115. Ht mang in nhiu hn ht
khng mang in l 25 ht. Xc nh s khi, s hiu nguyn t ca R.
Bi 4/ Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 46. S ht khng mang in bng

8
s ht mang
15

in.Xc nh tn
Bi 5/ Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t R c tng s ht c bn: n, p, e l 180 ht. S ht mang
in bng 58,89% tng s ht.Tm k hiu ca nguyn t R?
Cu 6/ Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t R c tng s ht c bn: 18 ht. Bit rng s ht mang
in gp i s ht khng mang in. Hy xc nh ha tr ca nguyn t i vi
hiddro v vi oxi?
Cu 7/ Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t N c tng s ht c bn 21 ht.Nguyn t ny l kim loi
hay phi kim,hay kh him? V sao?
DNG 2- NG V
Bi 1/ Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca :
35
37
a/ Clo bit Clo gm hai ng v l 17 Cl (75%), 17 Cl (25%)
b/ Ni bit Ni c 4 ng v :
58
28

Ni (67, 76%), 2860 Ni (26,16%), 2861Ni(2, 42%), 2862 Ni(3, 66%)

Bi 2/ Bo c hai ng v l 10 Bo, 11Bo , nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Bo l 10,81. Xc nh %

mi ng v.
Bi 3/ Argon l mt hn hp gm 3 ng v: 40 Ar (99, 6%), 38 Ar (0, 063%), 36 Ar (0,337%)
a/ Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ar.
b/ Tnh th tch ca 20,1g Ar ktc
DNG 3: CU HNH ELECTRON- H THNG TUN HON-NH LUT TUN
HON
Bi 1/
a/ Vit cu hnh e ca cc nguyn t c s hiu nguyn t: 11, 16, 18, 20
b/ Nhn xt v s e lp ngoi cng ca tng nguyn t
c/ Nguyn t no l kim loi , phi kim, kh him? V sao?
Bi 2/ Vit cu hnh y cho cc nguyn t c lp in t ngoi cng l : 3s1 ;3s 2 3 p 3 ;3s 2 3 p 6
Bi 3/ X v Y l hai nguyn t c in t lp ngoi cng l 3s1 v 4s1 . X c 12 ntron, Y c 20
ntron.
a/ Xc nh cu hnh e ca X v Y
b/ Cho 6,2 g hn hp X v Y vo nc ta c phn ng 2X + H 2O = 2XOH + H2
Sau phn ng thu c 2,24 l kh kc. Tnh % khi lng ca X v Y trong hn hp u.
Bi 4/ Da vo bng HTTH hy xp cc nguyn t sau y theo chiu:
- Theo chiu tng dn tnh kim loi v gii thch: Li, Be, K, Na, Al
- Tng dn tnh phi kim v gii thch: As, F, S, N, P
Bi 5/ Cho cc nguyn t: Mg(Z=12) : Al(Z=13) : Na(Z=11) : Si(Z=14)
a/ Sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu tng dn ca : Tnh kim loi, m in, bn knh nguyn
t?
b/ Vit cng thc hp cht oxit cao nht ca cc nguyn t trn v sp xp theo th t gim dn
ca tnh bazo ca cc hp cht ny?
DNG 4: XC NH NGUYN T DA VO CNG THC OXIT CAO NHT V
HP CHT KH VI HIDRO
Bi 1/ Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t c cng thc R2O5. Hp cht kh vi H cha 91,18% R v
khi lng. Xc nh tn nguyn t R
Bi 2/ Hp cht kh ca mt nguyn t vi H c dng RH 2. Oxit cao nht ca R cha 60% oxi.
Hy xc nh tn nguyn t R
Bi 3/ Hp cht kh H ca mt nguyn t c cng thc RH3.Oxit cao nht ca n cha 74,08%
O. Xc nh R
Bi 4/ Mt nguyn t c ha tr i vi H v ha tr i vi O bng nhau. Trong oxit cao nht
ca n oxi chim 53,3 %
DNG 5: XC NH TN NGUYN T KHI BIT V TR CA CHNG
Bi 1/ Hai nguyn t A, B c Z A + ZB = 32, bit A v B nm k nhau trong bng HTTH.
- Xc nh tn ca A v B
- Vit cu hnh e ca A v B v cho bit v tr ca A v B trong bng HTTH
- Vit cng thc oxit cao nht ca A v B
Cu 2/: Hai nguyn t X, Y cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip nhau trong bng HTTH.
Tng in tch ht nhn ca chng bng 24. Xc nh v vit cu hnh ca X , Y.
Cu 3/: Hai nguyn t X,Y thuc cng mt phn nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng
HTTH, c tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t hai nguyn t l 30. Xc nh v tr ca X,Y

ht nhn ca chng bng 32. Xc nh 2 nguyn t trn.

DNG 6: DNG BI TP KIM LOI TC DNG VI AXIT, NC
Bi 1/ Khi cho 0,6 gam mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng vi nc to ra 0,336 lt kh hidro
ktc. Xc nh tn kim loi ?
Bi 2/ Cho 0,27 g mt kim loi thuc phn nhm nhm IIIA tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu
c 0,336 lt H2 (kc) . Xc nh tn kim loi. Tnh khi lng mui thu c
Bi 3/ Cho 1,38 g mt kim loi thuc phn nhm nhm IA tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu
c 0,2 lt H2 (kc) . Xc nh tn kim loi.
Bi 4/ Cho 6,2 g hn hp hai kim lai kim A v B vo 100g nc thu c 2,24 lit H 2 (kc),
A v B lin nhau trong cng phn nhm
a/ Xc nh A v B
b/ Tnh C% ca dung dch thu c
Bi 5/ Cho 28 (g) hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip ca bng tun hon,
tc dng hon ton vi 29,2 (g) axit clohidric (va ). Xc nh tn ca A, B.
DNG 7: LIN KT HA HC
Bi 1. Da vo m in, hy sp xp theo chiu tng phn cc ca lin kt gia 2 nguyn
t trong phn t cc cht sau:
CaO, MgO, CH4, AlN, N2, NaBr, BCl3, AlCl3. Phn t cht no c cha lin kt ion? Lin
kt cng ho tr khng cc, c cc?
(Cho m in ca O = 3,5; Cl = 3,0; Br = 2,8; Na = 0,9; Mg = 1,2;
Ca = 1,0; C = 2,5; H = 2,1; Al = 1,5; N = 3; B = 2,0).
Bi 2. Viet cong thc cau tao va cong thc electron cua CH 4 ; NH3 ;
N2 ; CO2 ; HCl ; H2S ; C2H6 ; C2H4 ; C2H2 ; C2H6O. Xac nh hoa tr cac
nguyen to.
DNG 8: PHN NG OXI HA KH
Bi 1/Lp phng trnh phn ng oxi ho kh bng phng php thng bng e. Cho bit cht
kh? Cht oxi ha? Qu trnh kh? Qa trnh oxi ha?
a) FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2
b) P + H2 SO4 H3PO4 + SO2 +H2O.
c) Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O.
d) Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NO + H2O.
e) Fe + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O.
f) Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2S + H2O.
g) Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O.
h) Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O.
i) Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O.
j) KMnO4 + HCl KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O.
k) K2Cr2O7 + HCl KCl + CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O.
l) MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O.
m) S + H2SO4 SO2 + H2O
n) Cu + H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O.