Du An Trong Duoc Lieu Ket Hop Chan Nuoi

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
----------- ----------
THUYT MINH D N U T
TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP
CHN NUI TH GIA SC
A IM
CH U T
: TNH HA BNH
:
Ha Bnh - Thng 11 nm 2012
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp T do Hnh phc
----------- ----------
THUYT MINH D N U T
TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP
CHN NUI TH GIA SC
CH U T
N V T VN
CNG TY CP T VN U T
THO NGUYN XANH
NGUYN VN MAI
Ha Bnh - Thng 11 nm 2012
MC LC
CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N .............................................. 1
I.1. Gii thiu v ch u t .......................................................................................... 1
I.2. M t s b thng tin d n ..................................................................................... 1
I.3. C s php l ........................................................................................................... 2
CHNG II: BI CNH V CN C CA D N ............................................... 5
II.1. Cn c xc nh s cn thit v tnh cp thit ca d n ....................................... 5
II.1.1. Mi trng v m v chnh sch pht trin ca t nc .................................... 5
II.1.2. Cc iu kin v c s ca d n ........................................................................... 7
II.2. Kt lun v s cn thit u t ............................................................................. 10
CHNG III: A IM XY DNG .................................................................... 12
III.1. V tr xy dng .................................................................................................... 12
III.2. Kh hu ................................................................................................................ 13
III.3. a hnh- Th nhng ......................................................................................... 13
III.4. H tng khu t xy dng d n ......................................................................... 13
III.4.1. Hin trng s dng t ..................................................................................... 13
III.4.2. Hin trng thng tin lin lc............................................................................. 13
III.4.3. Cp Thot nc .............................................................................................. 13
III.5. Nhn xt chung ................................................................................................... 13
CHNG IV: QUY M D N TIN THC HIN .................................... 14
IV.1. Quy m d n ..................................................................................................... 14
IV.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh .................................................................................... 14
IV.3. Tin thc hin d n ...................................................................................... 15
IV.3.1. Thi gian thc hin .......................................................................................... 15
IV.3.2. Cng vic c th .............................................................................................. 15
CHNG V: GII PHP THC HIN D N ...................................................... 16
V.1. Thnh phn chnh- Cy dc liu ...................................................................... 16
V.1.1. Cc loi cy dc liu ..................................................................................... 16
V.1.2. Quy trnh thc hin .......................................................................................... 20
V.2. Thnh phn ph- Chn nui gia sc .................................................................. 24
V.2.1. D ...................................................................................................................... 24
V.2.2. B ...................................................................................................................... 25
V.2.3. Heo .................................................................................................................... 27
CHNG VI: GII PHP THIT K MT BNG V H TNG K THUT . 30
VI.1. Tiu chun thit k mt bng .............................................................................. 30
VI.1.1 Tiu chun v khu t xy dng. ...................................................................... 30
VI.1.2. Quy hoch mt bng tng th khu t. ............................................................ 30
VI.2. Thit k khu sn xut dc liu .......................................................................... 31
VI.2.1. Tiu chun thit k nh xng ........................................................................ 31
VI.2.2. Thit k cc khu x l dc liu ..................................................................... 31
VI.3. Thit k chung tri ............................................................................................ 34
VI.3.1. Yu cu chung h thng chung tri ............................................................... 34
VI.3.2. Cc b phn c bn ca khu chung tri. ........................................................ 34
VI.4. Gii php k thut ............................................................................................... 38

CHNG VII: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG........................................ 40
VII.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng ........................................................................... 40
VII.1.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................. 40
VII.1.2. Cc quy nh v cc hng dn v mi trng .............................................. 40
VII.2. Cc tc ng mi trng ................................................................................... 40
VII.2.1. Cc loi cht thi pht sinh............................................................................. 40
VII.2.2. Kh thi ........................................................................................................... 41
VII.2.3. Nc thi ........................................................................................................ 42
VII.2.4. Cht thi rn ................................................................................................... 43
VII.3. Bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng ....................................................... 43
VII.3.1. X l cht thi rn .......................................................................................... 43
VII.3.2. X l nc thi ............................................................................................... 44
VII.3.3. X l kh thi, mi hi ................................................................................... 44
VII.3.4. Gim thiu cc tc ng khc......................................................................... 45
VII.3.5. Y t, v sinh v v sinh mi trng................................................................ 45
VII.4. Kt lun ............................................................................................................. 46
CHNG VIII: TNG MC U T D N ....................................................... 47
VIII.1. C s lp tng mc u t ............................................................................... 47
VIII.2. Ni dung tng mc u t ............................................................................... 47
VIII.2.1. Ni dung ........................................................................................................ 47
VIII.2.2. Kt qu tng mc u t ............................................................................... 54
VIII.2.3. Vn lu ng................................................................................................. 55
CHNG IX: NGUN VN THC HIN D N ................................................ 56
IX.1 Cu trc tng mc u t v phn b tng mc u t ...................................... 56
IX.2 Tin s dng vn ............................................................................................ 56
IX.3 Ngun vn thc hin d n.................................................................................. 57
IX.4. Phng n hon tr vn vay v chi ph li vay................................................. 57
CHNG X: HIU QU KINH T TI CHNH CA D N ............................. 61
X.1. Cc gi nh kinh t v c s tnh ton ................................................................ 61
X.2. Tnh ton chi ph ca d n .................................................................................. 62
X.2.1. Chi ph nhn cng ............................................................................................. 62
X.2.2. Chi ph hot ng .............................................................................................. 63
CHNG XI: KT LUN V KIN NGH ............................................................. 69
XI.1. Kt lun ............................................................................................................... 69
XI.2. Kin ngh............................................................................................................. 69
D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC
CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N

I.1. Gii thiu v ch u t
Ch u t
:
Giy php KKD
:
Ngy ng k
:
i din php lut
:
Chc v
:
a ch tr s
:
Ngnh ngh chnh
: i l bn thuc ca doanh nghip, trng cy gia v, cy dc liu
I.2. M t s b thng tin d n
Tn d n
: D n trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc
a im xy dng : tnh Ha Bnh
Din tch t
:
Thnh phn d n
: D n trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc bao gm 2
thnh phn sau:
+ Thnh phn chnh : Trng cc loi cy dc liu nh: cy x en, c ngt, ba kch, inh
lng, hoi sn, ngu tt, bch trut, bch ch, ng quy, thc a, kim ngn, tht dip nht chi
hoa, kim tin tho, trng, trinh n hong cung, h th , h kh tho, cy c hot, cy
xuyn khung, dip h chu.
+ Thnh phn ph
: Chn nui, th cc loi gia sc nh: b, d, ln.
Quy m u t
:
+ Cy dc liu
: 20 loi cy trng trn 88,010 m2
+ Chn nui
: 100 d ging ci, 6 d ging c, 30 heo ging, 50 b ging
Mc tiu u t
:
- Xy dng c s sn xut cy dc liu p dng tiu chun GACP-WHO theo khuyn co
ca T chc Y t th gii.
- T chc Trang tri chn nui, th gia sc theo phng chm "nng sut cao - chi ph thp pht trin bn vng".
Mc ch u t
:
- Nhm bo tn, pht trin bn vng ngun ti nguyn thin nhin quc gia, gp phn nng
cao cht lng dc liu v tin ti ha hp trong khu vc v trn th gii v kinh doanh, xut
nhp khu dc phm ni chung v thuc ng y, thuc t dc liu ni ring.
- Chuyn i c cu sn xut nng nghip bao gm trng trt v chn nui, gp phn pht
trin kinh t x hi a phng;
- Gp phn pht trin bn vng an ninh lng thc, an ninh y t v an sinh x hi.
- To vic lm v nng cao mc sng cho lao ng a phng (c bit l ng bo dn tc
thiu s);
- ng gp cho thu ngn sch mt khon t li nhun kinh doanh
Hnh thc u t
: u t xy dng mi
Hnh thc qun l
: Ch u t trc tip qun l d n thng qua ban Qun l d n do
ch u t thnh lp.
Tng mc u t
: 11,348,046,000 ng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh
Vng i d n
: Trong vng 12 nm, bt u xy dng t qu 3 nm 2012 v i vo
hot ng t qu 2 nm 2013.
I.3. C s php l
Vn bn php l
Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Dc ngy 14 thng 6 nm 2005;
Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut ngy 29 thng 6 nm 2006;
Lut Cht lng sn phm, hng ha ngy 21 thng 11 nm 2007;
Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca cc Lut lin quan n u t xy dng c bn ca
Quc hi kha XII, k hp th 5 s 38/2009/QH12 ngy 19/6/2009;
Lut t ai s 13/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut u t s 59/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Doanh nghip s 60/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit
Nam;
Lut u thu s 61/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Kinh doanh Bt ng sn s 63/2006/QH11 ngy 29/6/2006 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Thu thu nhp doanh nghip s 14/2008/QH12 ngy 03/6/2008 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Bo v mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam;
B lut Dn s s 33/2005/QH11 ngy 14/6/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut thu Gi tr gia tng s 13/2008/QH12 ngy 03/6/2008 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam;
Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/02/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l d n u t
xy dng cng trnh;
Ngh nh s 124/2008 N-CP ngy 11 thng 12 nm 2008 ca Chnh Ph v thu thu nhp
doanh nghip;
Ngh nh s 123/2008/N-CP ngy 08/12/2008 ca Chnh ph Qui nh chi tit thi hnh
Lut Thu gi tr gia tng;
Ngh nh 140/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 22 thng 11 nm 2006 quy nh vic bo v
mi trng trong cc khu lp, thm nh, ph duyt v t chc thc hin cc chin lc, quy
hoch, k hoch, chng trnh v d n pht trin;
Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic qui nh chi
tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng;
Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i b sung mt s
iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit
v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
Ngh nh s 99/2007/N-CP ngy 13/06/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l chi ph u t xy
dng cng trnh;
Ngh nh s 35/2003/N-CP ngy 4/4/2003 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit mt s iu
lut phng chy v cha chy;
Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l cht lng

cng trnh xy dng v Ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18/04/2008 ca Chnh ph v vic sa
i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 2009/2004/N-CP;
Ngh nh s 188/2007/N-CP ngy 27 thng 12 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chc
nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Y t;
Ngh nh s 79/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi
hnh mt s iu ca Lut Dc;
Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit
thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut;
Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BXD ngy 07/05/2008 ca B xy dng hng dn vic lp v
qun l chi ph kho st xy dng;
Thng t s 05/2009/TT-BXD ngy 15/04/2009 ca B Xy dng hng dn iu chnh d
ton xy dng cng trnh;
Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng
dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi
trng;
Thng t s 33/2007/TT-BTC ngy 09/4/2007 ca B Ti chnh hng dn quyt ton d n
hon thnh thuc ngun vn nh nc;
Thng t s 72/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 25/10/2011 ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin
nng thn ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v kho nghim, kim nh ging vt nui;
Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/9/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng
dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi
trng;
Thng t s 16/2011/TT-BYT ngy 19/4/2011 v/v quyt nh nguyn tc sn xut thuc t
dc liu v l trnh p dng nguyn tc, tiu chun thc hnh tt sn xut thuc (GMP) i vi
c s sn xut thuc t dc liu;
Thng t s 14/2009/TT-BYT ngy 3/9/2009 v/v hng dn trin khai p dng cc nguyn
tc, tiu chun thc hnh tt trng trt v thu hi cy thuc theo khuyn co ca T chc Y t
th gii
Cng vn s 1777/BXD-VP ngy 16/08/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic cng b nh mc d
ton xy dng cng trnh - Phn lp t h thng in trong cng trnh, ng v ph tng ng, ph
tng v thit b khai thc nc ngm;
Cng vn s 1779/BXD-VP ngy 16/08/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic cng b nh mc d
ton xy dng cng trnh - Phn Kho st xy dng;
Quyt nh s 10/2008/Q-TTg ngy 16/1/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt
Chin lc pht trin chn nui n nm 2020;
Quyt nh s 154/2006/Q-TTg ngy 30 thng 6 nm 2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph v
vic ph duyt n Qun l Nh nc v dc phm, an ton v sinh thc phm, m phm giai
on 2006 - 2015;
Quyt nh s 43/2007/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 3 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic
ph duyt n Pht trin cng nghip Dc v xy dng m hnh h thng cung ng thuc ca
Vit Nam giai on 2007 - 2015 v tm nhn n nm 2020;
Quyt nh s 24/2007/Q-BKHCN ngy 28 thng 9 nm 2007 ca B Khoa hc v Cng

ngh ban hnh Quy nh v chng nhn hp chun, chng nhn hp quy v cng b hp chun,
cng b hp quy;
nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng km theo Quyt nh s 957/QBXD ngy 29/9/2009 ca B Xy dng;
Cc tiu chun p dng
D n trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c thc hin trn nhng tiu
chun, quy chun chnh nh sau:
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam (tp 1, 2, 3 xut bn 1997-BXD);
Quyt nh s 04 /2008/Q-BXD ngy 03/4/2008. Ban hnh Quy chun k thut Quc gia
v Quy hoch xy dng (QCVN: 01/2008/BXD);
Thng t s 71/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 25/10/2011 ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia
lnh vc Th y;
Thng t s 43/2011/TT-BNNPTNT, ngy 07 thng 6 nm 2011, v vic Ban hnh Quy
chun k thut quc gia v kho nghim, kim nh ging vt nui;
QCVN 01 - 13: 2009/BNNPTNT : Quy chun k thut quc gia: Thc n chn nui - hm
lng khng sinh, ha dc, vi sinh vt v kim loi nng ti a cho php trong thc n cho b v
b tht;
Tiu chun ngnh 10 TCN 548-2002: Thit b ti dng trong nng nghip u ti - c
im k thut v phng php th;
Tiu chun ngnh 10 TCN 547-2002: Thit b ti dng trong nng nghip Vi phun
Yu cu chung v phng php th;
Tiu chun ngnh 10 TCN 546-2002: Thit b ti dng trong nng nghip H thng ng
ti - c im k thut v phng php th;
K thut chn nui b sa, thnh phn v yu t nh hng n sn lng sa (Cm nang
chn nui gia sc gia cm Hi chn nui Vit Nam Nh xut bn Nng nghip)
TCVN 2737-1995
: Ti trng v tc ng- Tiu chun thit k;
TCXD 45-1978
: Tiu chun thit k nn nh v cng trnh;
TCVN 5760-1993
: H thng cha chy - Yu cu chung thit k lp t v s dng;
TCVN 5738-2001
: H thng bo chy t ng - Yu cu k thut;
TCVN-62:1995
: H thng PCCC cht chy bt, kh;
TCVN 6160 1996 : Yu cu chung v thit k, lp t, s dng h thng cha chy;
TCVN 4760-1993
: H thng PCCC - Yu cu chung v thit k;
TCVN 5576-1991
: H thng cp thot nc - quy phm qun l k thut;
TCXD 51-1984
: Thot nc - mng li bn trong v ngoi cng trnh - Tiu chun
thit k;
TCVN 5687-1992
: Tiu chun thit k thng gi - iu tit khng kh - si m;
11TCN 19-84
: ng dy in;
CHNG II: BI CNH V CN C CA D N

II.1. Cn c xc nh s cn thit v tnh cp thit ca d n
II.1.1. Mi trng v m v chnh sch pht trin ca t nc
Nm 2012, bc tranh kinh t sau 10 thng l dn nhng im sng mang du n ca iu
hnh v m, nh kim sot c lm pht, kim ngch xut khu tng kh, t gi n nh, hng tn
kho ang c xu hng gim. Th nhng, r rng xt trn bnh din tng th, vn cn nhiu nt
tht ca nn kinh t khng ch ca 2 thng cn li ca nm nay, m cn l thch thc vi c cc
chi tiu v m 2013.
V sn xut nng nghip trong thng, c nc tp trung ch yu vo thu hoch la ma ti
cc a phng pha Bc; thu hoch la h thu, thu ng trn c nc v gieo cy la ma ti cc
a phng pha Nam. Tnh n trung tun thng Mi, cc a phng pha Bc thu hoch
c 699.1 nghn ha la ma, chim 59% din tch gieo cy v bng 160.9% cng k nm 2011,
trong vng ng bng sng Hng thu hoch c 320.4 nghn ha, chim 55.9% din tch gieo
cy v bng 170.3%. Do thi tit thun li, la xung ging ng lch thi v nn tin thu
hoch la ma ti cc a phng nhanh hn cng k nm trc. Theo nh gi s b, nng sut
la ma cc tnh pha Bc nm nay tng nh t 0.2 n 0.4 t/ha so vi v ma nm 2011.
n ngy 15/10, cc a phng pha Nam gieo cy c 720.6 nghn ha la ma, tng
44.8% so vi cng k nm trc, ch yu do gi la tng cao khuyn khch nng dn m rng
din tch gieo cy.
Cng vi vic gieo cy v thu hoch la ma, n gia thng Mi, c nc thu hoch
c 2212.6 nghn ha la h thu v thu ng, chim 83% din tch gieo trng v bng 103.1%
cng k nm trc. Vng ng bng sng Cu Long thu hoch 1887 nghn ha la h thu v thu
ng, trong la h thu thu hoch xong vi 1655 nghn ha, nng sut t 52.8 t/ha, tng
0.3t/ha, sn lng la h thu ton vng t gn 9 triu tn, tng 2.5%;
Tin gieo trng mt s cy v ng nm nay nhn chung tng kh so vi cng k nm
trc. Tnh n trung tun thng Mi, c nc gieo trng c 39.4 nghn ha u tng, bng
153.3% cng k nm trc; 20.7 nghn ha khoai lang, bng 132.7%; 5 nghn ha lc, bng 108.7%;
80.5 nghn ha rau u, bng 134.8%.
Chn nui gia sc, gia cm gp nhiu kh khn do gi tht hi vn mc thp trong khi gi
nguyn liu u vo mc cao. Tnh trng nhp lu gia cm vn din ra ti mt s ni l mt
trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ly lan dch bnh v nh hng n chn nui trong nc. c tnh
n ln trong k gim khong 2-3% so vi cng k nm trc, n gia cm gim trn 2%. Tnh
n ngy 21/10/2012, dch bnh cha qua 21 ngy cn cc tnh: Dch cm gia cm Qung
Ngi; dch tai xanh trn ln k Lk, Qung Nam, Ph Yn.
Mt s ch tiu ch yu 10 thng u nm 2012 (tng/gim) so vi cng k nm 2011 (%)
Ch s sn xut cng nghip
+4.5
Tng mc bn l hng ho v doanh thu dch v tiu dng
+17.1
Tng kim ngch xut khu
+18.4
Tng kim ngch nhp khu
+6.8
Khch quc t n Vit Nam
+11.2
Vn u t ngn sch nh nc thc hin so vi k hoch nm
79.4
Ch s gi tiu dng 10 thng u nm 2012 so vi cng k nm 2011
+9.6
V mt pht trin dc liu v cc sn phm t dc liu, nhng nm qua chng ta t

c nhiu thnh cng trong cng tc pht trin, bo tn, khai thc s dng dc liu chm sc
bo v sc khe, tuy nhin cn nhiu bt cp trong nghin cu, qun l khai thc v pht trin
dc liu. l:
- Khai thc trn lan, khng ch ti to bo tn
- S dng dc liu dc tnh mnh v c tnh cao
- Dc liu mc, km cht lng
- D phm kim loi nng v thuc tr su trong dc liu
- Qu trnh ch bin dc liu v bo qun dc liu cha t tiu chun
- Bt cp trong qun l dc liu v sn phm c ngun gc dc liu.
ng trc nhng kh khn trn nhiu lnh vc, nht l chn nui gia sc cng nh sn
xut dc liu, Chnh ph ra nhng mc tiu pht trin nhm m bo an ninh lng thc, y
t v an sinh x hi trong giai on trc mt cng nh v lu di. Quyt nh s 432/Q-TTg ca
Th tng Chnh ph v vic Ph duyt Chin lc pht trin bn vng Vit Nam giai on 2011
2020 nu r:
Pht trin nng nghip ton din theo hng hin i, hiu qu, bn vng.
Khai thc li th ca nn nng nghip nhit i pht trin sn xut hng ha ln vi
nng sut, cht lng, hiu qu v kh nng cnh tranh cao. Tng nhanh sn lng v kim ngch
xut khu nng sn, nng cao thu nhp v i sng nng dn, bo m vng chc an ninh lng
thc quc gia. Xy dng m hnh sn xut kinh doanh ph hp vi tng loi cy, con. Khuyn
khch tp trung rung t; pht trin trang tri, doanh nghip nng nghip ph hp v quy m v
iu kin ca tng vng. Gn kt cht ch, hi ho li ch gia ngi sn xut, ngi ch bin v
ngi tiu th, gia vic p dng k thut v cng ngh vi t chc sn xut, gia pht trin nng
nghip vi xy dng nng thn mi. i mi c bn phng thc t chc kinh doanh nng sn,
trc ht l kinh doanh la go; bo m phn phi li ch hp l trong tng cng on t sn
xut n tiu dng. Pht trin h thng kho cha nng sn, gp phn iu tit cung cu. Tip tc
i mi, xy dng m hnh t chc pht trin kinh t hp tc ph hp vi c ch th trng.
Kim sot cht ch vic chuyn t nng nghip, nht l t trng la sang s dng vo mc ch
khc i i vi vic bo m li ch ca ngi trng la v a phng trng la. Trn c s quy
hoch vng, b tr c cu cy trng, vt nui, ma v v ging ph hp vi nhu cu th trng v
gim thit hi do thin tai, dch bnh. Pht trin cc hnh thc bo him ph hp trong nng
nghip. y nhanh p dng tin b khoa hc v cng ngh hin i trong sn xut, ch bin, bo
qun; u tin ng dng cng ngh sinh hc to nhiu ging cy trng, vt nui v quy trnh sn
xut t nng sut, cht lng v hiu qu cao, tng nhanh gi tr gia tng trn mt n v t canh
tc. H tr pht trin cc khu nng nghip cng ngh cao. y mnh chn nui theo phng thc
cng nghip, bn cng nghip, bo m cht lng v an ton dch bnh.
Vi ngnh dc liu, Nh nc ra mc tiu: Phn u n nm 2020, Ngnh dc Vit
Nam pht trin vi trnh cng ngh tng ng vi cc nc tin tin trong khu vc ngNam ; tm nhn n nm 2030, Ngnh Dc Vit Nam phi t c nhng tiu chun ca cc
nc pht trin trn th gii trong lnh vc dc. m bo lun sn c, y cc loi thuc
phng bnh v cha bnh p ng kp m hnh, c cu bnh tt tng ng tng giai on pht
trin kinh t- x hi vi gi thuc hp l; Thy thuc v nhn dn c hng dn v thng tin
y v thuc nhm m bo k n v s dng thuc hp l, an ton, hiu qu trong cc c s
iu tr v ti cng ng. Chun ha v nng cao cht lng k n thuc, chm dt tnh trng
lm dng trong vic k n ca thy thuc v thi quen snh thuc nhp ngoi ca ngi dn gy
lng ph tin ca v nh hng n sc khe ngi bnh.
Kt lun: Mc d hin ti nn kinh t chung ang gp nhiu kh khn, bt n v thi tit,
dch bnh nhng lng thc v sc khe lun l nhu cu thit yu ca cuc sng, hai lnh vc
ny lun nm trong chnh sch pht trin t nc ca Chnh ph. V vy, d n Trng cy dc
liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc ph hp vi mi trng v m v mc tiu pht trin ca t
nc. y l cn c xc nh tnh cp thit ca d n nhm bo m an ninh lng thc, an
ninh y t.
II.1.2. Cc iu kin v c s ca d n
Ngnh dc liu
Nc ta nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma nng m nn c ngun ti nguyn thc
vt phong ph v a dng vi khong 10,350 loi thc vt bc cao, 800 loi ru, 600 loi nm v
hn 2,000 loi to. Kt qu iu tra, c nc ghi nhn c 3,948 loi thc vt v nm ln c th
s dng lm thuc, trong c hng chc loi c gi tr cha bnh cao.
Tng sn lng dc liu Vit Nam hng nm c tnh khong t 3 - 5 nghn tn. Mt s
dc liu qu c th gii cng nhn v c tim nng pht trin rt ln nh: hi, trinh n
hong cung, qu, atis, sm Ngc Linh, trm, thanh hao hoa vng, hoa he...Tuy nhin, trong mt
thi gian di, do thiu s kho st nh gi, iu tra v bo v nn vng phn b t nhin ca
nhiu loi cy thuc b suy gim nghim trng do khai thc mt cch cn kit. Nhiu vng rng c
cy thuc phong ph nay hon ton b ph b nh khu vc ni Hm Rng (Sa Pa, Lo Cai);
cao nguyn An Kh (thuc hai tnh Gia Lai v Bnh nh)..., thm ch nhiu loi c nguy c tuyt
chng. Hin nay c 144 loi cy thuc din qu him c nguy c tuyt chng cn c bo tn:
sm Ngc Linh (mt trong bn loi sm gi tr nht th gii), sm V Dip, tam tht hoang, ng
sm, ba kch, thanh mc hng, bch hp.
Mc d l mt t nc c ngun dc liu phong ph nhng ngnh dc liu ca nc ta
cha pht trin v chng ta cha c ngnh cng nghip v dc liu mnh c th s ch, ch
bin, bo qun tt. Ngun dc liu km cht lng khin nhu cu tiu th gim lm nng dn v
doanh nghip kinh doanh dc liu u gp kh khn. Ngoi ra, ngun dc liu cht lng km
t bin gii nhp khu khng kim sot c gi r hn trong nc cng lm cho nng dn v doanh
nghip kinh doanh dc liu khn kh...Hn na, mc d nhiu a phng c y cc iu
kin trng trt dc liu c gi tr cao, nhng do cch lm manh mn, t pht, thiu lin kt v
th trng dc liu khng n nh nn vic pht trin cc vng dc liu hin nay khng thun
li.
vc dy ngnh dc liu, Chnh ph, B Y t c nhiu chnh sch, gii php h
tr ngnh dc liu trong nc. Bn thn cc doanh nghip dc liu v ang thc hin qun
l cht lng sn xut dc liu theo tiu chun thc hnh nui trng, thu hi v sn xut tt. Hin
c nc c hn 300 c s sn xut thuc t dc liu trong nc, trong c 10 c s sn xut
ng dc t tiu chun thc hnh tt sn xut thuc ca T chc Y t Th gii (GMP - WHO).
Hn 1,000 s ng k thuc t dc liu cn hiu lc. Bn cnh thuc cao n, hon, tn c
truyn, thuc ng dc sn xut trong nc hin kh ph bin di cc dng bo ch nh vin
nang cng, nang mm, cao dn thm qua da.
Trong nc cng c mt s c s trng trt dc liu t tiu chun VietGAP, nhiu
n v ang trin khai p dng nguyn tc "thc hnh tt trng trt, thu hi cy thuc". Bn cnh
, cng c nhng c s ch bin thc hin vic thu mua dc liu, lo u ra cho cc h trng
trt, kt hp cc hot ng tp hun quy trnh k thut, cung cp ging cy trng, phn bn cho
nh nng, hnh thnh cc vng dc liu trng im... Gii php gn kt cht ch gia 3 nh: nh
nng nh doanh nghip nh khoa hc l gii php cn thit ly li nim t ho cho thuc
Nam t Vit.
Kt lun: Nc ta c ngun dc liu v cng phong ph, nhng bn thn ngnh dc
liu cha pht trin ng vi tim nng. y chnh l iu kin v c s Cng ty chng ti
u t vo d n, gp phn bo tn v pht trin ngun dc liu phong ph ca t nc.
Ngnh chn nui
Chn nui l mt ngnh quan trng ca nng nghip hin i, nui ln vt nui sn xut
nhng sn phm nh: thc phm, lng v sc lao ng. V th, ngnh chn nui ng vai tr quan
trng trong sn xut nng nghip Vit Nam.
- B tht:
Thi gian qua, chn nui b c nhiu c hi tt pht trin v tng trng v s lng
n b v ci tin v cht lng ging.
T nm 2001 n 2005, n b tng t 3.89 triu con ln 5.54 triu con t tc tng
trng 6.29 % nm. Hin nay, c 15 tnh tham gia d n pht trin ging b tht cht lng
cao. Hng nghn b tht ging cao sn c nhp v nc trong hai nm va qua nhm p ng
nhu cu ging pht trin chn nui b ca nhn dn. T l n b lai chim trn 30% tng n b,
l n b nn tip tc lai to b tht cht lng cao. Mt s tnh c cc trang tri b t nhn
quy m ln hng 100 con nh cc tnh Bnh Thun, Ninh Thun, Bnh Phc, Bnh Dng v
Lm ng
- D:
Chn nui d cn t vn, quay vng vn nhanh, tn dng c lao ng v iu kin t
nhin mi vng sinh thi. Chn nui d l nh hng hp l cho pht trin chn nui ca nng
dn ngho. Khuyn khch chn nui gia sc nhai li nh l cuc cch mng thch hp gii
quyt cc vn i ngho trong nng thn hn cc chng trnh pht trin i gia sc khc.
Chn nui gia sc ln u t vt qu kh nng ca a s nng dn, thi gian thu hi lu hn v
tim n nhiu nguy c v kinh t. Chn nui d pht trin gp phn a dng ha sn phm nng
nghip, n nh kinh t v x hi, gim i ngho, tng t trng chn nui trong nng nghip,
Ngnh chn nui d cn c pht trin tng xng vi tim nng v th trng trong nc.
Tng n d, cu c nc tng t 572,448 con nm 2001 ln 1,314,189 con nm 2005. T
trng chn nui d, cu nm 2005 chim 3.49% so vi tng n vt nui v 13.29% so vi tng
n gia sc ln. Chn nui d tp trung vng ng Bc, Bc Trung B. Tnh nui nhiu d nht
l H Giang (109,460 con), t nht l Bc Ninh (180 con). V c cu n d ch yu l d nui ly
tht (1,255,362 con, chim 98.84%), d ly sa hng ha khng ng k (2,000 con, chim
0.15%).
- Ln:
Giai on 2001-2006, n ln tng 4.3%, sn lng tht tng 10.6%.
Nm 2007, tng n ln c 26.5 triu con, gim 1.1% so vi nm 2006, nhng sn lng
tht t 2.55 triu tn, tng 1.9%.
Nm 2008, n ln c 26,701 triu con, tng 0.53% nhng sn lng tht t 2,771 triu
tn, tng 4.10%. S tng trng thp ca n ln nm 2008 l do dch tai xanh xy ra, hn 300
ngn ln trong c nc b tiu hy, trong c trn 60% l ln ni.
Kt lun: Ngnh chn nui Vit Nam pht trin nhanh, t c nhng thnh tu ng k
nhng thiu bn vng bi quy m nh l, manh mn v lin tc i mt vi nhng kh khn v
dch bnh, gi thc n chn nui tng mnh. y chnh l iu kin v c s Cng ty chng
ti u t vo d n, gp phn pht trin ngnh chn nui gia sc, m bo an ninh lng thc
quc gia.
Mi trng thc hin d n
Hnh: V tr tnh Ha Bnh

Tnh Ho Bnh l tnh min ni, nm to a l 20019' - 21008' v Bc, 104048' 105040' kinh ng, cch th H Ni 73 km. Pha Bc gip tnh Ph Th; pha Nam gip tnh
H Nam, Ninh Bnh; pha ng gip tnh H Ty; pha Ty gip tnh Sn La, Thanh Ha. Din
tch t nhin ton tnh l 4,662.5 km2, chim 1.41% tng din tch t nhin c nc.
Cc ng giao thng quan trng trn a bn tnh nh quc l s 6 i qua cc huyn
Lng Sn, K Sn, th x Ha Bnh, huyn Tn Lc, Mai Chu; quc l 15A i t huyn Mai
Chu ni quc l 6 vi cc huyn vng cao tnh Thanh Ha; quc l 12B i qua cc huyn Tn
Lc, Lc Sn, Yn Thu v tnh Ninh Bnh, ni quc l 6 vi quc l 1; quc l 21 i t th trn
Xun Mai tnh H Ty qua cc huyn Lng Sn, Kim Bi, Lc Thu ni vi quc l 12B ti
huyn Nho Quan, tnh Ninh Bnh.
Vi v tr chin lc ny, Ha Bnh l mnh t c nhiu tim nng v c hi cho cc nh
u t.
L mt tnh min ni c iu kin pht trin n gia sc ln, Ha Bnh cn c thm
thc vt phong ph, trong c nhiu ngun gen cy thuc qu c quc t cng nhn.
c bit, trn a bn tnh c nhiu dn tc t ngi vi truyn thng v kinh nghim s dng
cy thuc Nam rt phong ph v c sc.
Kt lun: Tm li, tnh Ha Bnh hi t nhng iu kin v v tr a l, iu kin t nhin
v kinh t x hi d n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c hnh thnh.
Th trng
+ u vo
1. Vin Dc liu - B Y t
a ch: 3B Quang Trung, Qun Hon Kim - H Ni
in thoi: (84-4) 8252644
Fax: (84-4) 9349072
Emai: htqt-imm@hn.vnn.vn,
2. Trung tm Ti nguyn thc vt Vit Nam
a ch: An Khnh - Hoi c - H Ni
in thai: (04) 33845802
E-Mail: pgrvietnam@gmail.com / pgrc@hn.vnn.vn
Vin Dc liu v Trung tm Ti nguyn thc vt Vit Nam l 2 ni c Cng ty la
chn lm th trng u vo, cung cp ngun ging cy trng dc liu cho d n ca chng
ti. 2 c quan u ngnh ny c chc nng:
- Cung cp ngun ging, cy trng dc liu.
- Chuyn giao tin b k thut v cc ngun gen c kh nng m rng sn xut,
- o to, bi dng kin thc, t vn cc vn lin quan n ti nguyn di truyn thc
vt.
+ u ra
Thuc t dc liu thu c trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca d n (u vo ca d n)
ngoi vic cung cp cho chnh cng ty ch qun l , cn phc v cho cc ca hng dc liu,
cng ty dc liu cng nh cc quy thuc Min Bc v Min Nam.
Kt lun: D n c thun li v th trng cung cp ngun ging cy trng cng nh th
trng tiu th sn phm.
II.2. Kt lun v s cn thit u t
t lu, vn n nh cht lng dc liu, bn thnh phm ng dc (v d nh cao
dc liu) cng nh cc loi thuc thnh phm t dc liu Vit Nam v ang c cc nh
khoa hc, cc c s sn xut thuc trong ngnh Dc tm cch gii quyt nhng vn cha c gii
php tha ng. Cho n nay, th trng dc liu Vit Nam vn trong tnh trng th ni, thiu
10
s qun l ca cc c quan y t (v chng loi, cht lng, tnh chun xc, quy trnh ch bin,
cch bo qun, ) v c quan qun l th trng (v gi c).
Cng nh thuc Tn dc, thuc ng dc c hiu lc, an ton v cht lng n nh
th ton b quy trnh sn xut phi c tiu chun ha. Trong , tiu chun ha nguyn liu u
vo l khu c bn nht. Ring i vi dc liu c ngun gc thc vt th vic tiu chun ha
phi bt u t quy trnh trng trt v thu hi cy thuc hoang d trong t nhin. Hin nay, cc
dy chuyn sn xut thuc ni chung, trong c thuc ng dc Vit Nam ang c xy
dng, hoc tng bc nng cp t tiu chun Thc hnh tt sn xut thuc GMP. y l
mt yu cu cn thit c thuc tt. Ring i vi thuc ng dc, nu nguyn liu u vo
khng n nh v cht lng th thnh phm thuc (u ra) cng khng t yu cu v cht lng,
cho d thuc c sn xut nh my t tiu chun GMP theo T chc Y t Th gii
(WHO). chnh l nguyn nhn khin cho cht lng ca nhiu loi thuc ng dc Vit
Nam hin nay tht thng, k c cht lng ca cc gi thuc thang cc c s khm, cha bnh
v kinh doanh thuc ng y. c bit, trc xu th hi nhp kinh t khu vc v trn th gii, cc
x nghip Dc ca nc ngoi s a sn phm ca h vo Vit Nam, v ngc li, chng ta
cng cn a dc liu v thuc ng dc ca Vit Nam ra th trng nc ngoi. cho thuc
ca ta gi c thng hiu v cnh tranh c vi cc sn phm cng loi ca nc ngoi (thm
ch ngay trn th trng trong nc) th qu trnh trng trt, thu hi nguyn liu lm thuc khng
th coi nh vic tiu chun ha. iu ny c ngha l phi to ra ngun dc liu c hm lng
hot cht cao theo tiu chun ca GACP.
Nhn thy nhu cu ca x hi, sau khi nghin cu v nm vng cc yu t kinh t v k
thut trong lnh vc dc liu, cng ty TNHH ... chng ti quyt nh u t xy dng d n
Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc ti huyn Bc, tnh Ha Bnh, mt ni c
kh hu n ha, ngun nc di do v t ai mu m trn vng ni cao Ty Bc. Vng t ny
ha hn s l trang tri ln nht, hin i nht tnh Ha Bnh bng vic p dng nhng k thut
tin tin nht hin nay sn xut nhng loi dc liu qu v kt hp c chn nui gia sc. T
chng ti tin tng rng khng bao lu na nhn dn trong tnh cng nh Vit Nam s c
hng th cc loi thuc dc liu v cc sn phm t tht m d n em li vi cht lng v gi
c cnh tranh.
Vi nim tin sn phm do chng ti to ra s c ngi tiu dng trong nc a chung,
vi nim t ho s gp phn tng gia tri t ng san ph m nng nghi p, tng thu nh p va nng cao
i s ng cua nhn dn v t o vic lm cho lao ng ti a phng, chng ti tin rng d n u
t Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc l s u t cn thit trong giai on hin
nay.
11
CHNG III: A IM XY DNG

III.1. V tr xy dng
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c xy dng ti huyn Bc,
tnh Ha Bnh.
Hnh: V tr xy dng d n
Bc l mt huyn thuc tnh Ha Bnh, Ty Bc Vit Nam. Huyn l l th trn Bc,
cch thnh ph Ha Bnh khong 20 km, bao gm cc x: ng Ngh, Sui Nnh, Mng Tung,
Mng Ching, ng Chum, Tn Pheo, on Kt, Tn Minh, Trung Thnh, Yn Ho, Cao Sn,
Tin Phong, Vy Na, Ho L, Tu L, Hin Lng, Ton Sn, ng Rung, Gip t.
Tnh l 433 (ca Ho Bnh) di 90 km, chy xuyn sut dc theo sng v qua Bc,
t thnh ph Ha Bnh ln im mt l x ng Ngh, qua cc a danh: Tu L - nh - Mng
Ching - Khu bo tn thin nhin Phu Canh - Ca Nnh - ng Ngh. n y l kt thc huyn
Bc.
Bn kia sng l huyn Mc Chu, tnh Sn La v huyn Mai Chu. Ngc ln ht t
Bc l huyn Ph Yn (Sn La) v huyn Thanh Sn (Ph Th). Dc tnh l 433 c nhiu bn
ca ngi Ty, Mng, Thi.
Theo iu tra dn s thng 4/2009, huyn c dn s 53,128 ngi (2009). Sau khi chia tch
x Tn Dn v huyn Mai Chu vo thng 7/2009, dn s ca huyn l 52,381 ngi.
12
III.2. Kh hu
Huyn Bc do nm vng ni cao pha ty bc tnh Ho Bnh nn c ki u khi h u Ty
B c vi mua ng kh va la nh, ma h nng m.
III.3. a hnh- Th nhng
i m n i b t cua ia hin h huyn Bc l ni cao trung bnh 1,000m, chia c t phc ta p ,
d c ln va theo hng ty b c - ng nam.
Th nhng: Do c i m ia hinh va khi h u nn t ai huyn Bc ch yu l t
feralt vng c hm lng mn 6 - 7%; do m cao, nhi t th p , vng ny rt thun li cho
pht trin lm nghip, chn nui gia sc v trng cc loi dc liu.
III.4. H tng khu t xy dng d n
III.4.1. Hin trng s dng t
Khu t xy dng d n l t rng sn xut thc hin d n u t trng dc liu, kt
hp chn nui gia sc ti huyn Bc.
V tr chn nui cch xa ngun cp nc sinh hot, cch xa khu dn c, khng gn ng
quc l, tnh l.
III.4.2. Hin trng thng tin lin lc
in s dng h thng in li quc gia. C mng li bu chnh vin thng p ng nhu
cu cho mi i tng s dng trong x, cc im bu in vn ha u c kt ni internet.
III.4.3. Cp Thot nc
Ngun cp nc: Hin nay trang tri ang xc tin u t xy dng cng trnh h thng
nc sch.
Ngun thot nc: S c xy dng trong qu trnh xy dng d n.
III.5. Nhn xt chung
T nhng phn tch trn, ch u t nhn thy rng khu t xy dng d n rt thun li
tin hnh thc hin. Cc yu t v t nhin, kinh t, h tng l nhng yu t lm nn s thnh
cng ca mt d n u t vo lnh vc trng cy dc liu v chn nui, th gia sc.
13
CHNG IV: QUY M D N TIN THC HIN

IV.1. Quy m d n
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c u t trn khu t c tng
din tch 15ha.
+ Cy dc liu
: 20 loi cy trng trn 88,010 m2
+ Chn nui
: 100 d ging ci, 6 d ging c, 30 heo ging, 50 b ging
IV.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh
STT
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
II
1
2
3
4
5
III
1
2
3
4
5
6
IV
1
Hng mc
Khu vc chung
Nh bo v
Vn phng lm vic
Nh n
Nh kho
ng ni b
B cha nc
WC chung
Hm biogas
Khu chn nui
Chung d
Chung b
Chung heo
H phn
Trng c
Khu trng cy dc liu
Xng sy
Kho cha
Sn phi dc liu
Khu m ging
Trng cy dc liu c mi che
Trng cy dc liu khng mi che
Khu t rng
Chn th gia sc
Tng cng
n v Din tch
m2
1,903
2
m
16
2
m
35
m2
60
m2
300
2
m
1,456
2
m
15
m2
21
m2
10
2
m
11,460
2
m
267
m2
325
m2
552
2
m
316
2
m
10,000
2
m
90,710
2
m
200
2
m
500
2
m
2,000
m2
5,500
m2
6,000
2
m
76,510
2
m
45,927
2
m
45,927
2
m
150,000
14
IV.3. Tin thc hin d n

IV.3.1. Thi gian thc hin
Trong vng 12 nm, bt u xy dng t qu 3 nm 2012 v i vo hot ng t qu 2 nm
2013.
IV.3.2. Cng vic c th
- iu tra th trng.
- Kho st m hnh cc c s sn xut dc liu in hnh.
- Nghin cu, kim tra ngun nc.
- Tm hiu ngun ging cy trng, vt nui.
- nh gi cht lng t.
- iu tra v iu kin t nhin.
- L p bo co nghin cu kh thi v bo co u t
- Trnh h s xin chp thun u t
- Kho st mt bng lp phng n quy hoch.
- Kho st h tng k thut (in, nc).
- xut cc chnh sch u i cho d n.
- Nhn quyt nh ph duyt ca Tnh
- Nhn bn giao mt bng
- Bn giao mc gii
- nh gi tc ng mi trng
- nh gi kh nng cch ly khu chn nui m bo b khng nm trong vng dch bnh.
- Quy hoch xy dng
- San lp mt bng
- Ci to t.
- Khi cng xy dng.
+ Xy dng khu vc trng cy dc liu
+ Xy dng chu ng tra i
15
CHNG V: GII PHP THC HIN D N

V.1. Thnh phn chnh- Cy dc liu
V.1.1. Cc loi cy dc liu
Tn cy
Hnh nh
Tn khoa hc
Cy x
en
Celastrus hindsii
Benth.et Hook
Cy c
ngt
Stevia rebaudiana
(Bert.) Hemsl.=
Eupatorium
rebaudianum
Bert., h Cc
(Asteraceae)
Cy Ba
Kch
Radix Morindae
Thnh phn
ha hc
chnh
Peptid,
alcaloid.
L cha cc
glycosid
diterpenic:
steviosid,
rebaudiosid,
dulcosid.
Steviosid c
ngt cao
hn gp 150
280 ln so vi
saccharose.
Anthranoid,
ng, nha,
acid hu c,
vitamin C.
Cng dng
iu tr ung th, hn ch
pht trin ca cc khi u;
tiu vim gii c, mt
gan; n ng tt, tng
cng sc khng ca c
th.
Thay th ng cho cc
bnh nhn b bnh tiu
ng, c tc dng cha
bo ph, dng trong cng
nghip thc phm lm cht
iu v cho bnh mt ko,
nc gii kht.
Cha lit dng, di tinh,

ph n c thai, kinh
nguyt chm, b kinh, au
lng mi gi
16
Cy inh
lng
Tieghemopanax
fruticosus Vig. =
Panax fruticosum
L. = Polyscias
fruticosa Harms,
h Ng gia
(Araliaceae).
Saponin
triterpenic.
Cha c th suy nhc,

tiu ho km, st, sng v,
t sa, nhc u, ho, ho ra
mu, thp khp, au lng.
Cy Hoi
Sn
Diosscorea sp.
Saponin,
choline, dabscisin II,
vitamin C,
mannan,
phytic acid.
Cha t v h nhc, n
ung km tiu, vin rut
kinh nin, tiu chy lu
ngy khng khi, ph h,
ho hen, bnh tiu ng,
di tinh, di liu, bch i.
Ngu tt.
Radix Achiranthis
bidentatae
Saponin
triterpenoid,
hydratcarbon.
Bch
trut
Rhizoma
Atractylodes
macrocephalae
Bch ch
Radix Angelicae
Dng sng: tr c hng

sng au, ung nht, chn
thng t mu, b kinh,
khng ra nhau thai,
huyt, tiu tin ra mu,
vim
khp.
Tm ru: tr au lng,
mi gi, chn tay co qup,
t
bi.
Chit xut Saponin lm
thuc h cholesterol mu.
Tinh du
Gip tiu ho, tr au d
(1%), trong dy, bng y hi, nn
ch yu l
ma, a chy, phn sng,
atractylol v
vim rut mn tnh, ph
atractylon.
thng.
Tinh du,
Lm thuc gim au, nhc
coumarin, tinh u pha trn, cha cm,
bt.
au rng, ngt mi, vim
mi chy nc hi, kh h,
phong thp, au do vim
dy thn kinh.
17
ng
quy
Angelica sinensis
(Oliv.) Diels, h
Cn (Apiaceae).
Tinh du,
coumarin.
Cha cc chng au u,
au lng do thiu mu,
iu ho kinh nguyt.
Thc a
Thc a l phn
rr ca cy a
hong
(Rehmannia
glutina Libosch,
thuc h Hoa
mm ch
(Scrophulariacea).
B-sitosterol,
mannitol,
stigmasterol,
campesterol,
rehmannin,
catalpol,
arginine,
glucose.
Cha suy nhc c th,

suy nhc thn kinh, tiu
chy mn tnh, hen ph
qun, tng huyt p, hng
m h, tinh huyt suy km,
mi mt, au lng, mi
gi, kht nc, nc tiu
vng, da hp nng, di
mng tinh
Kim
ngn
Lonicera
cambodiana
Pierre, h Kim
ngn
(Caprifoliaceae).
Flavonoid
(inosid,
lonicerin),
saponin.
Tiu c, h nhit, cha

mn nht, mn nga.
Tht dip
nht chi
hoa
Paris polyphilla
Saponin
Sm. v mt s
(diosgenin,
loi khc thuc
pennogenin).
chi Paris, h Hnh
(Liliaceae).
Cha st, rn c cn, ho

lu ngy, hen suyn.
18
Kim tin
tho
Herba Desmodii
Saponin,
flavonoid.
Cha si thn, si ti mt,

si bng quang, ph thng,
i but, i rt, ung nht.
trng
Cortex
Eucommiae
Nha, tinh
du.
Thuc b thn, gn ct,

cha au lng, mi gi, di
tinh, i m, lit dng,
ph n c thai, ng thai.
Cha cao huyt p.
Trinh n
hong
cung
Crinum latifolium
L. h Thu tin
(Amaryllidaceae).
Alcaloid,
saponin, acid
hu c.
iu tr mt s dng ung
th nh ung th phi, ung
th tuyn tin lit, ung th
v
H th
Radix Fallopiae
multiflorae
Anthranoid,
tanin, lecithin.
B mu, tr thn kinh suy

nhc, ng km, st rt
kinh nin, thiu mu, au
lng, mi gi, di mng
tinh, bch i, i tiu tin
ra mu, sm bc tc, mn
nga.
19
c hot
Radix Angelicae
Tinh du,
coumarin.
Cha phong thp, thn

mnh au nhc.
H kh
tho
Spica Prunellae
Cc alcaloid,
saponin.
Cha sng v, lao hch,

bu c, au mt, vim t
cung, vim gan, nga, hc
lo, vy nn.
Xuyn
khung
Rhizoma Ligustici Tinh du,

wallichii
alcaloid.
iu kinh, cha nhc u,

cm mo, phong thp, ung
nht.
Dip h
chu
Phyllanthus
urinaria L
Cha suy gan, vim gan

do virut B, x gan c
trng
V.1.2. Quy trnh thc hin

Khi nim v ni dung ch yu ca GACP
C s sn xut dc liu do Cng ty ... chng ti u t p dng cc nguyn tc, tiu
chun GACP-WHO, Thc hnh tt trng trt v thu hi cy thuc theo khuyn co ca T chc
Y t th gii.
Xut pht t tiu chun ca thuc l phi c cht lng tt, an ton v hiu qu, nn ngun
nguyn liu lm ra thuc cng phi t cc yu cu ny. GACP c vai tr rt quan trng trong vic
to ra ngun nguyn liu lm thuc t cc tiu chun trn. N bao gm hai ni dung chnh:
Thc hnh tt trng cy thuc (GAP) v Thc hnh tt thu hi cy thuc hoang d (GCP).
20
Mi quy trnh c nhiu cng on, mi cng on c nhng tiu chun ring cho tng loi
cy thuc c th. N ph thuc vo mi trng t nhin, iu kin sinh thi, ngun ging, t
trng, bin php canh tc, chm sc, phng tr su bnh, thu hi, vn chuyn, x l sau thu hoch
n cch ng gi v bo qun dc liu trong kho. Qua , ta thy ni dung ca GACP rt rng
v kh phc tp, n lin quan n nhiu ngnh khoa hc k thut nh sinh hc, nng hc, dc
hc v khoa hc qun l.
Nguyn tc chung ca GACP i vi cy thuc
- C ngun gc r rng v chnh xc v mt phn loi thc vt. Cy thuc hay nguyn liu
thu hi lm thuc phi ng loi, i khi l di loi v ging cy trng.
- Ch thu hi khi cy, hoc b phn cy t tiu chun cht lng theo quy nh, sch v
khng ln tp cht.
- Khng gy tc ng xu n mi trng, ngun nc trong khu vc. Hn ch ti thiu
nh hng n sinh cnh v h thc vt ni thu hi cy thuc. m bo gi cho cy, hoc qun
th loi cy thu hi cn kh nng ti sinh t nhin.
- Phi tun th php lut v cc quy nh ca a phng v trng trt v khai thc ti
nguyn thin nhin.
Quy trnh GACP p dng trong trng trt, thu hi, ch bin, sn xut, ng gi, vn chuyn
dc liu, nhm bo m cung cp ngun nguyn liu thc vt lm thuc c cht lng tt nht v
hiu lc cha bnh cao nht, c gng lm gim n mc thp nht nguy c b gi mo v pha trn.
Cc tiu chun ca GACP i vi tng loi cy lm thuc s nh k c xem xt li v b sung,
bi nhng yu cu v cht lng dc liu ngy cng cao v nh c s h tr ca cc phng
php phn tch hin i trong vic kim tra cht lng sn phm nn mi thc hin c.
Thc hnh tt trng cy thuc (GAP)
GAP c lin quan n ton b qu trnh trng cy thuc, t chn ging, t trng, nc
ti, phn bn, chm sc, n thu hi, ch bin sau thu hoch, ng gi, lu kho v lp h s ca
dc liu.
+ Ging cy trng
Thnh phn hot cht trong cy ph thuc vo yu t di truyn, l vt liu nhn ging
(hu tnh hoc v tnh). Cht lng ca cy trng v sn phm ca n bt u t cht lng ca
ging. Do , ging phi c ngun gc r rng v c chng nhn ng tn loi, km vi bn m t
c im nhn dng ca loi. Ging phi tt, c kh nng ny mm cao, khng c mang mm
bnh, cn trng v khng c ln ging tp.
Qua cho thy vn ging cy trng ht sc quan trng to ra sn phm c cht
lng tt v gi tr kinh t cao.
+ Trng trt cy thuc
- iu kin mi trng t nhin
Cy thuc cng nh cc loi cy trng khc u sinh trng v pht trin trong nhng iu
kin mi trng t nhin thch hp nh kh hu (trung bnh lng ma, nhit , m), chiu
sng, a hnh (kiu a hnh, dc), a mo, cht t (cu trc, thnh phn t), kh nng cung
cp nc. c bit, mt s loi cy thuc cn c tnh a phng v khu vc rt cao.
- Chn a im
21
Nguyn tc chung l phi chn a im ph hp vi iu kin sinh thi v mi trng

sng ca mi loi, cy thuc trng cho sn phm vi cht lng cao. Nhm trnh nguy c b
nhim, nh hng n s an ton ca sn phm, c s trng trt cn phi nm c qu trnh s
dng t trc y, gm cc ni dung:
+ Loi cy trng sau cng ti ni la chn
+ Cy v ang trng xung quanh
+ Cc loi thuc dit su b, nm bnh v c di s dng
+ dng lm bi chn th gia sc
- Phn bn
Trong nng nghip, thng khng th trnh c vic dng phn bn cy trng t sn
lng cao. Tuy nhin, cn phi dng phn bn ng loi, ng thi im v s lng theo yu cu
pht trin ca tng loi cy thuc. Cn s dng phn bn ph hp gim n mc ti thiu s
tht thot. Trong thc t, cc loi phn bn hu c v ha hc ( c c quan nng nghip chp
nhn) u c s dng, nhng phi c kin ca cn b k thut, v c tin hnh mt thi
gian trc khi thu hoch theo yu cu ca ngi s dng sn phm.
Phn bn phi nh k kim tra mm bnh. Khng c dng cht thi ca ngi lm phn
bn, v c th mang vi sinh vt hoc k sinh trng gy bnh. Phn sc vt (phn chung) cn c
k t tiu chun v sinh, an ton i vi dc liu.
+ Ti tiu nc
Cn kim tra v x l vic ti nc v thot nc theo nhu cu tng trng ca cy thuc.
Phi bit r cht lng ca ngun nc ti, t u n, sng, sui, h nc hay nc qua s
dng, Nu khng c ngun nc sch th phi kim tra cc loi vi khun ng rut (E. coli),
kim loi nng v d lng kim loi nng.
+ Chm sc v bo v cy trng
Ty theo c im sinh trng v pht trin ca mi loi cy thuc v b phn s dng ca
chng m ra cc bin php qun l v chm sc ph hp. Vic p dng ng lc cc bin php
nh che nng, bm ngn, ta cnh, hi n, l rt cn thit c sn phm t yu cu s dng
lm thuc vi cht lng cao.
Khi cn thit phi dng thuc tr su hoc thuc dit c di th phi c cn b k thut
hng dn, phi theo quy nh mc tn d ti a cht ha hc cho php v mi ln s dng phi
c ghi r trong h s theo di.
+ Thu hoch dc liu
S hnh thnh v tch ly hot cht c lin quan vi qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin ca
cy thuc. Trong cy ni chung, hot cht thng c tch t nhng b phn nht nh v t
t l cao nht trong giai on pht trin nht nh ca cy. Xc nh c chnh xc giai on ny,
l thi k thu hoch sn phm. Vic xc nh nm thu hi (i vi nhng cy nhiu nm) v
thi k thu hi phi tnh n hm lng hot cht v nng sut sn phm t gi tr kinh t tng
th ln nht trn mt n v din tch canh tc.
22
Cng cn ch , tuy cng mt loi cy thuc nhng trng cc khu vc kh hu, th

nhng khc nhau, iu kin canh tc khc nhau th thi im thu hoch cng c khi khc nhau.
V cch thu hoch ni chung cn tun theo nguyn tc sau:
- Khng tin hnh khi tri ma, t t, sng t v m khng kh cao.
- Bao b dng khi thu hoch phi sch, kh v khng c tp cht.
- Dng c dng thu hi cng phi sch s, ph hp khng lm gy, gip nt, lm xung
cp dc liu.
- Trnh ln t ct, c di v cy c hi.
+ Chuyn ch
Dc liu sau khi thu hoch cn c vn chuyn ngay v ni s ch ti ch loi b
nhng phn khng dng lm thuc, ra sch t (nu cn) v cht nh hoc thi thnh ming ty
theo yu cu. Khi vn chuyn dc liu cn theo nguyn tc sau:
- Thng cha chuyn ch dc liu phi c kim tra, m bo ph hp vi tiu chun
chuyn ch thc phm (sch, khng c cn trng, l thng, mi hi hoc nhim cht ha hc)
- Thng cha phi thong gi trnh sn phm b nng, ln men hoc b mc khi vn
chuyn xa.
+ S ch
Ni s ch dc liu phi sch, trnh nhim bn bi vt l hu c. Dc liu khng c
cht ng hoc y tm che bng nilon ri ngoi tri, lm cho c b mc mm, qu, l b thm
en. Nhiu khi dc liu chuyn ch v n ni s ch b mc hoc i mu, lm cht lng
ca dc liu b xung cp.
Lm kh dc liu cng nhanh cng tt (m bo kh kit) trnh nguyn liu b h hng
hoc b ly nhim vi sinh vt. Cch lm kh nh sy cc l sy th cng, phi nng, phi trong
bng rm v thi gian lm kh u c nh hng n cht lng dc liu.
+ ng gi, bo qun
Cht liu dng bao gi ty thuc vo tng loi dc liu. Ni chung, phi l nguyn liu
dng cho thc phm, tt nht l loi mi v sch, trnh nhim bn.
- ng gi nguyn liu thc vt phi kn, khng dc liu th ra ngoi trnh nhim
t bn ngoi trong khi bo qun hoc vn chuyn.
- Bao b phi c nhn ghi tn sn phm, ngi/ ni phn phi, s l sn xut. Nhn phi r
rng, dn chc, lm t nguyn liu khng c v lm theo quy nh ca nhn thuc.
- Kho cha phi kh, thong gi, mt, nhit t thay i trong 24h, chng mc, mt
khng lm thay i mu sc, mi v v cht lng ca dc liu.
+ Nhn lc
Ni chung, mi ngi lin quan n tt c cc giai on to ngun dc liu t trng cy
thuc, thu hoch, vn chuyn, s ch, bo qun, u phi c hun luyn nhng hiu bit v
k nng chuyn mn lin quan n cng vic thc hin ng v y quy trnh GAP.
Ngi lm ngoi ng rung phi bit bo v v gi v sinh mi trng (v d: cht thi c nhn
phi ng ni quy nh, nc thi khng dn qua ni trng cy). Vic ngn nga s thoi ha mi
trng l mt yu cu m bo vic s dng bn vng ngun ti nguyn cy thuc.
23
Ngi lm vic trong cc kho dc liu phi khe mnh, m bo v sinh c nhn tt trnh
nhim cho sn phm. Ngi b bnh truyn nhim, bnh ngoi da khng c lm ni ch bin
sn phm.
+ Lp h s ca dc liu
Ni dung h s cn c cc phn sau:
- Tn v a ch ca c s hoc ngi trng cy thuc, cc thng tin u vo cho tng l
sn phm, quy trnh c th tc ng vo sn phm cn phi ghi chp v lu gi t nht 3 nm (k
thut canh tc, phn bn, cht dit su b, thi gian thu hoch, s ch, ng gi, vn chuyn).
- Cc vn bn tha thun v hng dn sn xut, gia c s/ ngi sn xut v ngi
tiu th sn phm.
Vy quy trnh sn xut dc liu nh sau:
1. Nui trng cy thuc
- Nhn dng/xc nh cy thuc trng (Chn cy thuc, ht ging, Lai lch thc vt)
- Trng trt (Chn a im, xc nh mi trng sinh thi v tc ng x hi, Kh hu,
Th nhng, Ti nc v thot nc, Chm sc v bo v cy)
- Thu hoch
2. Thu hi cy thuc
3. Ch bin sau khi thu hoch
- Kim tra v phn loi
- S ch
- Lm kh
4. ng gi v dn nhn hng ch ng gi
V.2. Thnh phn ph- Chn nui gia sc
V.2.1. D
c d lai tm vc to, cho nhiu tht th D ci ging c nui trong trang tri l ging
d c, tm vc nh, nng sut tht thp v D c ging l ging d Bch Tho, thn hnh thanh,
mnh, u nh, nh, da mng, lng mn.
1. Chn ging
+ D ci sinh sn:
Thn hnh thanh, mnh, u nh, nh, da mng, lng mn. D ci mn (c 8 thng/la),
mi la 2 con, nui con kho, d con mau ln.
+ D c ging
D c ging l ging d Bch Tho, c tm vc to, thn hnh cn i, kho mnh, khng
khuyt tt, u to, ngn, trn rng, mt sng, tinh nhanh, bn chn thng, kho, i ng vng
chc, hai hn c u, cn i. C 15-17 d ci cn 1 d c ging Bch Tho.
2. Phi ging
trnh ng huyt, hng nm cn chuyn i c ging trong n ci hp l, khng cho
d c ging l anh giao phi vi em, hoc d c ging l b giao phi vi con, chu.
- Tui phi ging ln u i vi d ci >7 thng tui, d c ging Bch Tho l 8 - 9
thng tui.
24
- Ci 18-21 ngy d ci ng dc mt ln, mi ln 2-3 ngy. Phi ging vo ngy th 2 sau

khi c biu hin ng dc nh thch gn con c, d ci ve vy ui, km n, nhy ln lng con
khc, m h sng, nim mc m h , hng, nim dch t m o chy da.
Sau khi phi 18-20 ngy nu khng thy th thai, d ci s ng dc li.
3. Chung tri
Nui d phi lm chung sn cch mt t 50-80cm. Chung lun kh, sch, thong mt
ma h v trnh c gi ma ng.
- Sn bng g hoc tre phng, chc c khe rng 1.5-2cm lt phn v trnh cho d khng
b kt chn.
- m bo din tch chung nui:
+ D ging 1.5- 2 m2/ con.
+ D tht 0.6 m2/ con
4. Thc n
D n c nhiu loi c, l cy nh l xoan, l mt, l dm bt, l chui, sn dy... v cc
loi c trng, c t nhin.
Thc n tinh gm thc, ng, sn, khoai lang, lc.. thc n c nh b , khoai lang ti,
chui... d rt thch n. D ging mi ngy n khong 0.3 kg thc n tinh, d tht mi ngy n
khong 0.4 kg thc n tinh.
- Khng cho d n nhng thc n i thi, mc hoc ln t, ct.
- Khng chn th d ni trng, ly, c nc ng phng nga bnh giun sn cho d.
- Hng ngy chn th t 7-9 gi/ngy. Ma ng kh hanh, thiu c, ban m cn cho d n
thm 3-5kg c, l ti/con/ngy. Cho ung nc sch tho mn trc khi chn cng nh sau khi
d v chung.
5. Chm sc d m v d lai
- D cha 150 ngy (dao ng t 147-157) th . Sau khi cn ly khn mm, sch lau
kh lp mng nhy mm, mi trnh ngt th d con.
- Sau khi 30 pht cho d con b sa u ngay nhm tng cng sc kho, sc khng
d con.
- Khng cho d m n nhau thai. Cho d m ung nc m pha mui 0,5% hoc nc
ng 10%.
- Nui nht d m v d con ti chung 3-5 ngy u tin vi thc n xanh non, ngon, d
tiu, sau chn th gn nh ti v chung cho d m n thm 0,2-0,3kg thc n xanh/ngy.
- n 21-30 ngy tui cho d con chn th theo n.
- D con lai sau 3 thng tui, tch ring d c, ci, cc loi d lai trn 3 thng tui v d
tht trc khi bn 1-2 thng cn b sung thm 0,1-0,3kg ng, khoai, sn/con/ngy.
6. Phng v tr bnh
- Phng bnh: nh k 6 thng tim phng cc loi vacxin t huyt trng .. v ty giun sn
cho d/1 ln.
- Hng ngy kim tra 2 ln trc khi chn th v sau khi v chung pht hin nhng con d
b n, au m, lot ming, chng bng u hi kp thi tr bnh.
V.2.2. B
1. Ging v cch chn ging:
- Nn chn b ging l nhng con c th cht kho mnh v c nhng c im sau:
25
+ Ngoi hnh cn i, lng ng mt, da mm.

+ u c linh hot. Mt ngn, trn rng, mt sng, mm b, b rng cn tt.
+ Lng di, thng. Ngc su, rng. Bng trn, gn.
+ Mng n. ui di, gc ui to.
+ Chn thng, bc i vng chi, chc chn. Mng kht.
+ Ym rng, bao da rn pht trin.
2. Chung tri:
- m bo din tch chung tri hp l: b ging 4 m2/ con, b tht 2.5-3 m2/ con.
- m bo thong mt, sch s, ng m h mt.
- B tr mng n v mng ung ring bit.
3. Thc n:
- Thc n th: Bao gm
+ C t nhin, c trng.
+ Rm: Rm cn c x l trc khi cho b n bng cch kn kh rm vi ur.
+ C thu ct phi kh.
Mi ngy b n khong 15 kg c v thc n th khc.
- Thc n tinh: Cm go, ng, bt sn... trn thm kh tng, bt c hoc vi U r
c hn hp thc n m bo dinh dng. Mi ngy b ging v b ci n khong 2 kg thc n
tinh, b tht n khong 1.5 kg thc n tinh.
4. Chm sc nui dng:
- Phng thc nui:
Phng thc nui hiu qu l bn chn th, bui ngy chn th cho n c t nhin, ban m
nht ti chung cho n thm c v thc n tinh.
i vi b v bo, c th nui nht ti chung trong sut 2 thng trc khi bn.
- Nui dng b t 1-6 thng tui:
+ Cn cho b b sa ngay sau khi sinh cng sm cng tt chng ci cc v sau v tng
c kh nng chng bnh tt.
+ Tun u gi b v b m nh.
+ Khi b c mt thng tui chn th theo m gn nh v tp n thc n tinh.
+ T 3-6 thng tui: Ngoi n thc n trn bi chn, mi ngy cho b n thm 5-10kg c
ti, 0.2kg thc n tinh. Cai sa b vo lc 6 thng tui.
- Nui dng b t 6-24 thng tui:
+ Chn th l chnh.
+ Hng ngy cn b sung thm 10-15 kg thc n xanh ti chung cho b, 0,5-1kg thc n
tinh
+ Ma thiu c, mi ngy c th cho n thm 2-4kg c kh, hoc rm vi Ur thay cho
thc n xanh b sung.
+ Mi ngy b sung t 20-30g mui n vo nc ung cho b. Lun lun c nc sch
trong mng ung vo ban m, c bit l ma h v ma s dng rm kh lm thc n b
sung cho b ti chung.
- V bo b trc khi bn tht:
Trc khi bn tht, nu b gy ta cn v bo khong 2 thng s cho li nhun cao. b
nhanh bo ta p dng cc k thut sau:
+Ty giun sn trc lc v bo.
26
+ Nui nht ti chung sut thi gian v bo.

+ Mi ngy cho n 8-10kg thc n th xanh, 3-5 kg thc n tinh chia lm 4-5 ba trong
ngy.
+ Thc n tinh c trn theo cng thc: 44% bt sn + 50% bt ng+ 3% U r + 1% mui
+ 2% bt xng. Hoc 70% bt sn+ 20% cm go+ 3% U r+ 1% mui+ 2% bt xng.
+ Lun lun c nc sch trong mng ung cho b trong thi gian v bo.
+ Bn b khi kt thc thi gian v bo
5. V sinh phng bnh:
- Hng ngy cn dn phn cho vo h phn hoc cho vo cng trnh kh sinh hc, nh k
bm thuc st trng chung tri.
- Thng xuyn tm chi. Dit k sinh trng ngoi da nh Mng, Gh, Rn, Ve...bng
Neguvol pha vi x phng v du n bi ln ch k sinh trng c tr, hoc dng bnh xt Hantox.
- Ty giun a cho b giai on 15-20 ngy tui, v ty li ln 2 sau mt thng.
- nh k tim phng bnh cho b cc loi Vc xin T huyt trng v L mm long mng
theo hng dn ca Th y.
V.2.3. Heo
1. Chn heo ging.
Nn chn ging heo tt, khe mnh, an nhanh, than di, mng vai n, hng rng, bn chn
thng, chc chn, c b mng tt, m h (hoa) pht trin tt, nm v ni r, hai hng v thng
phn b u, khong cch hai hng v gn nhau l tt. Heo ni c t nht 12 v tr ln. Ch nn
chn nhng con c tnh tnh hin lnh.
2. Phi ging:
Phi ging cho heo vo thi gian 7-8 thng tui t trng lng t 90-120 kg. Heo ln
ging n t hoc b n, cn ph chung, ku ro lin tc, nhy ln lng ca heo khc, m h sng
, c th c nc nhy chy ra. Thi gian heo ln ging t 3-5 ngy, phi ging vo cui ngy
th hai hoc sang ngy th ba l tt. Phi vo lc heo chu c. Biu hin heo chu c: heo ng
im cho con khc nhy ln lng n, hoc ngi dng hai tay n mnh ln lng heo vn ng im,
dch nhn m h keo c li. C th phi ging bng heo c nhy trc tip hoc bm tinh nhn
to, nn phi kp (phi hai ln), ln phi th hai cch ln phi th nht t 6-8 gi. Khng nn
dng heo c c trng lng qu ln nhy vi heo ni mi phi ln u. Chung cho heo phi
phi sch s, nn ri rm hoc c kh xung di nn chung l tt nht.
3. Chung tri:
Chn a im cao ro sch s, thong mt, c rm che lc ma gi.
Nn chung lm bng xi mng, c dc khong 2 %, khng t lng ( trnh hin tng
heo b trt). Din tch chung ni nui con khong 4-5 m2/con, c cho heo con. C mng n,
nm ung t ng ring bit ng kch c. Ngoi chung c rnh thot phn v h phn cch xa
chung.
4. Chm sc heo:
- Heo ni mang thai:
Sau thi gian phi t 18-21 ngy nu heo khng i c li th coi nh heo c cha.
Thi gian heo cha 114 ngy (3 thng + 3 tun + 3 ngy) 3 ngy.
Ty tm vc ca heo ni mp, gy m cho n lng thc phm hp l 1.5-2 kg/ con/ngy.
Ngy heo c th khng cho n trnh st sa.
27
Trong thi gian cha 2 thng u khng nn di chuyn heo nhiu, trnh gy s st heo s
b tiu thai. Trong thi gian cha nn cho heo n thm rau xanh, c xanh. Cung cp nc sch
cho heo ung theo nhu cu.
- Heo ni v heo con theo m:
Trc ngy heo 2-3 ngy, v sinh chung tri, tm chi heo m sch s, dit k sinh
trng ngoi da.
Heo ni sp biu hin: a i vt, bu v cng mng, bp u v sa vt ra, khi thy
nc i v phn xu, heo ni rn tng cn l heo con sp ra.
Heo con ra dng gi sch lau nht ming, mi, lau kh, ct rn, bm rng b vo m
(st trng cung rn v dng c bng bng y t nhng cn It). Sau cho heo con b "sa u"
cng sm cng tt c sc khng chng li nhng nhim khun ph bin, gi m cho heo con
t 31-33 0C trong my ngy u bng bng n in hoc rm, bao b.
Bnh thng heo 5-10 pht/con. Nu ra nc i v phn xu sau 1-2 gi rn nhiu m
khng hoc con n cch con kia trn 1 gi th phi mi th y can thip.
Trng hp heo m khe, bnh thng khng nm con th nn cho heo con b t do l
tt nht. Nu nht vo m th ti thiu cho b 1 gi 1 ln. Nn sp xp heo con c khi lng
nh cho b v pha trc n heo con pht trin u.
Heo con ra trong 1-3 ngy u chch st liu 200 mg/con (1-2 cc/con). Nu heo m thiu
sa th c th cho heo con n dm thm cc ch phm dinh dng dnh cho heo con s sinh. T 710 ngy tp cho heo con n bng loi thc n d tiu. Thin heo c vo khong 3-7 ngy tui.
Nn tp heo con n sm c th cai sa. Ty iu kin thc n v tnh trng n heo m cai sa
hp l. Nn cai sa vo khong t 28-35 ngy tui.
Thi k heo ni nui con, thc n phi tt, mng phi sch s, khng thc n mc, tha,
mng ung phi lun y nc v heo tit sa s ung rt nhiu nc, khng nn thay i thc n
ca heo ni.
Gn ngy cai sa nn gim ln b ca heo con v tng lng thc n chun b cho giai
on sng t lp. ng thi gim thc n ca heo m gim tit sa.
- Lun m bo n heo sch s, thong mt, khu vc chn nui phi yn tnh, khng xo
trn nh hng n heo.
- Thng xuyn kim tra pht hin nhng trng hp bt thng xy ra. nh du theo
di, kim tra thc n hng ngy iu chnh kp thi.
- Thng xuyn kim tra nc ung, thc n trc khi dng.
5. Thc n:
Heo ni nui con: Nn s dng thc n hn hp ca cc x nghip thc n gia sc c uy
tn, mi sn xut.
Heo con t tp n n 20 kg: Nn s dng thc n hn hp ca cc x nghip thc n gia
sc c uy tn, mi sn xut.
Heo ging mi ngy n khong 1.5 kg thc n tinh bao gm cm v cc loi thc n hn
hp khc nh khoai, bt c, bt u.
Heo tht mi ngy n khong 2.5 kg thc n tinh.
Nc ung cho heo phi sch s v lng nc theo nhu cu.
6. Phng v tr bnh:
- Ra v phun thuc st trng chung tri sch s t nht 3-7 ngy trc khi th heo vo
chung.
28
- Hng ngy phi qut phn trong chung gi cho chung lun kh ro, sch s. - X l
xc cht gia sc nghim ngt: Chn su, t...
- Nn c k hoch ra chung, phun thuc st trng v dit rui, mui mi thng mt
ln.
- Trc khi phi ging chch nga y cc loi vaccin phng bnh dch t, t huyt
trng, ph thng hn.
- nh k chch nga cho heo ni cc bnh gi di, parvovirus, vim phi theo s hng
dn ca nh sn xut.
- Chch nga y cc loi vaccin phng bnh ph thng hn, t huyt trng, dch t,
sau 2-3 tun chch lp li ln 2 cho heo con.
- Bt buc chch nga bnh L mm long mng v cp giy chng nhn tim phng bnh
l mm long mng theo s hng dn ca trm th y a phng.
29
CHNG VI: GII PHP THIT K MT BNG V H

TNG K THUT
VI.1. Tiu chun thit k mt bng
VI.1.1 Tiu chun v khu t xy dng.
+ Ph hp vi quy hoch c duyt.
+ a th cao, bng phng, thot nc tt.
+ m bo cc quy nh an ton v v sinh mi trng.
+ Khng gn cc ngun cht thi c hi.
+ m bo c ngun thng tin lin lc, cp in, cp nc t mng li cung cp chung.
VI.1.2. Quy hoch mt bng tng th khu t.
Tng din tch xy dng : 150,000 m2 (15ha)
Quy hoch tng th cc cng trnh ca d n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn th gia sc
sau khi hon thnh giai on xy dng nh sau:
Ch thch:
ng ni b
Trng cy dc liu c mi che
Trng c
Sn b tng
30
1. Nh bo v
2. Cng ph
3. Vn phng
4. Nh ngh cng nhn
5. Nh n
6. Xng sy
7. Kho dc liu
8. Chung d
9. Chung b
10. Chung heo
11. WC chung
12. H phn
VI.2. Thit k khu sn xut dc liu

VI.2.1. Tiu chun thit k nh xng
Nh xng phi c cu trc vng chc v c bo qun, tu b tt. Nhng khu vc c bi
bn nh cc khu sy kh hoc xay, phi c cch ly i vi cc khu sch, tt hn l trong
nhng to nh ring, trnh khng vt liu xy dng lan truyn nhng cht khng tt cho dc
liu. Khi vic xy dng hon tt, cc vt liu xy dng khng c to ra hi c. Nn trnh
dng nhng loi vt liu khng th lm sch v kh trng trit nh g, tr khi thy r chng
khng phi l ngun gy nhim.
Cn thit k nh xng th no :
C khng gian lm vic nhm thc hin c tt c cc hot ng mt cch thch hp;
To iu kin d dng cho cc khu t trng trt, thu hoch n ch bin v xut kho hot
ng hiu qu v hp v sinh
C th khng ch nhit v m mt cch thch hp;
C th kim sot c li vo cc b phn khc nhau khi thch hp;
Ngn chn s xm nhp ca cc cht gy nhim nh khi, bi, ... t mi trng bn
ngoi;
Ngn s xm nhp v n np ca cc loi c hi, th nui v gia sc;
VI.2.2. Thit k cc khu x l dc liu
Sn phi chng thm, khng trn trt v lm bng vt liu khng c, khng c khe nt,
d lm v sinh v kh trng.
Sn nn hi nghing cc cht lng chy vo cc cng thot gom ra ngoi.
Tng vch nn c p nhng vt liu chng thm, khng ht m, v c th ra sch,
kn v khng c cn trng, sn mu sng. Gc gia cc bc tng, gia tng v sn, gia tng
v trn nh, cng phi trt kn v p loi vt liu d lm v sinh.
Trn nh cn c thit k, thi cng v hon thin th no trnh t, bu tch t, gim
thiu lng nc ngng t, pht trin nm mc, bong vy v phi d lm v sinh.
Ca s v nhng khong trng khc cn c xy dng th no trnh t, bi tch t,
v nhng khong m cn gn li chn cn trng. Nhng li ny cng c th d tho ra c
lm v sinh v tu b, gi trong tnh trng tt. Cc ngng ca s bn trong nh, nu c, cn
phi nghing trnh b s dng lm k.
Ca ci cn c b mt trn lng, khng ht m v c th t ng ng kn thch hp.
Cu thang, bung thang my, v cc cu trc ph nh b ng thang, mng trt phi c
v tr v xy dng th no khng gy nhim cho dc liu. Cc mng trt phi c ca m
kim tra v lm v sinh.
Cc cu trc trn cao v nhng trang tr phi c lp t sao cho c th trnh nhim
dc liu (c nguyn liu v dc liu ch bin) do hi nc ngng t v nh git v cn c
31
bo v trnh c nhim nu c b v. Cc cu trc ny khng c gy tr ngi cho vic

lm v sinh. Khi thch hp, cn cch nhit, thit k v hon thin cc cu trc ny ngn bi bn
tch t, gim ti thiu tnh trng hi nc ngng t, pht trin nm mc v d lm v sinh.
Khu sinh hot, khu nh bp v m thc, cc phng thay qun o, phng v sinh v nhng
khu nui ng vt, phi hon ton cch ly v khng c m thng trc tip vi cc khu x l
dc liu.
Nh bo v
Xng sy + ra dc liu
32
Kho cha dc liu
Hng ro B40
X l nc thi v cht thi:

C s c mt h thng hiu qu x l nc thi v cht thi v h thng ny phi lun
lun c bo qun trong tnh trng tt v tu b tt. Tt c cc ng ng nc thi (gm c h
thng cng rnh) phi ln dn thot c lng nc thi ca thi im hot ng tt a, v
phi c xy dng th no trnh nhim ngun cung cp nc ung.
Chiu sng
Phi b tr chiu sng thin nhin v nhn to trn ton b c s. Khi thch hp nh sng
khng c lm i mu v cng phi tt thiu l:
500 lux tt c im kim tra.
220 lux trong phng lm vic.
110 lux cc khu vc khc.
33
Thit b chiu sng v bng n treo bn trn vt liu cy thuc bt k giai on ch bin
no cng phi thuc loi an ton v c bo v trnh lm nhim nguyn liu cy thuc trong
trng hp b b.
Thng gi
Cn phi b tr thng gi ngn nga sc nng qu mc, hi nc ngng t v bi v
lm mt khng khi nhim. Khng bao gi khng kh lu thng t ni bn n ni sch. Cc
l thng gi phi c cung cp mt mng lc li hay th bao bo v khc bng vt liu khng
r. Mng lc phi c th ly ra d dng lm sch.
Lu tr cht thi v ph liu.
Cn phi cung cp tin nghi lu tr cht thi v ph liu trc khi mang i khi c s.
Cc tin nghi ny phi c thit k lm sao ngn nga vt k sinh tip cn n cht thi hay
ph liu v trnh gy nhim dc liu, nc ung, thit b v cng trnh xy dng ca c s.
Thng c rc c ghi r rng cn c cung cp v i hng ngy.
VI.3. Thit k chung tri
VI.3.1. Yu cu chung h thng chung tri
- To cho n b, d, heo c an ton, thoi mi, d chu khi n ung, ngh ngi, di
chuyn v xut nhp.
- To s an ton v thun tin cho ngi chn nui trong vic qun l, chm sc v nui
dng.
- To ra c tiu kh hu tt, hn ch ti a nhng tc ng xu ca thi tit kh hu ln
c th gia sc.
- m bo thun li cho cng tc th y v v sinh mi trng.
- m bo lin thng hp l gia cc b phn trong ton tri gim thiu chi ph vn
hnh sn xut.
- n gin nhm tit kim chi ph xy dng, nhng c th s dng c lu di v n nh.
VI.3.2. Cc b phn c bn ca khu chung tri.
Thit k khu chung tri chn nui b, d, heo phi hp cc b phn cu thnh sau y
thnh mt h thng hot ng hon chnh:
- H thng ng c: c trng vi din tch 1 ha m bo cho vic cung cp y thc
n th xanh hng ngy.
- H thng cung cp thc n: bao gm kho cha v dng c ch bin thc n tinh v thc
n th, my phi trn v phn phi thc n, li i cp pht thc n v mng n.
- H thng cp nc: bao gm ngun nc, bm, b cha, ng ng cp nc v mng
ung.
- H thng chm sc qun l b, heo, d: gm cc chung, sn vn ng, ng i, thit
b th y, cc thit b nhp v xut bn gia sc.
- H thng x l nc thi: gm rnh thot, h thng ao lng, ao lu v khu vc s dng
nc thi.
- H thng x l phn: gm thit b thu dn v vn chuyn phn, thit b v khu vc s
dng phn.
34
- Khu vc qun l/kinh doanh: gm vn phng lm vic, cu cn, ni xe v ni vui chi

gii lao dnh cho cng.
VI.3.3. Tiu chun kin trc ca chung tri
Hng chung:
Mc tiu chnh ca chung tri l bo v cho b, heo, d khng b tc ng xu ca iu
kin thi tit kh hu. Do vy, hng chung c b tr ph hp trnh ma tt, gi la, m
bo che nng, thong mt v thot nc tt. Chung hng v pha ng Nam c nh sng v
thng thong tt.
Mt bng v nn chung:
Nn chung cao hn mt t bn ngoi khong 40-50cm nc ma khng th trn vo
chung.Nn chung c lng b tng, mt nn chung khng g gh, v khng trn trt, c
dc hp l (2-3%), xui v pha rnh thot nc bo m thot nc d dng khi di ra.
Tng chung:
Tng chung bao quanh trnh ma ht v ngn b, heo, d. Tng c xy bng
gch, b mt tng m bo d dng qut ra tiu c khi cn thit. Mt trong ca tng qut vi
trng, va m bo v sinh va to ra b mt phn chiu nh sng trong chung tt.
Mi chung:
Mi chung c lm bng tn, mi lm cao v thong kh.
Mng n:
Trong iu kin chn nui theo trang tri c quy m ln cn phi c mng n trong chung
cho b, heo, d m bo v sinh. Mng n c xy bng gch lng xi mng. Mng n khng
qu su d gy tn ng thc n v kh v sinh. Cc gc ca mng n ln trn v trn nhn,
y mng dc v c l thot nc cui thun tin cho vic ra mng. Thnh mng pha trong
(pha b n) thp hn thnh mng ngoi thc n khng ri vi ra li i.
Mng ung v h thng cp nc:
Ngun nc s dng cho b c m bo sch, lnh v ngon. Dng mng ung t ng
cung cp nc theo nhu cu ca b, heo, d. Mng ung c c nh cao 0.8m t mt
t v gi cho c cng mc nc vi b cha nc (theo kiu bnh thng nhau).
Rng ngn v ca ra vo:
Rng c lm bng st, chiu cao ca rng ngn gia 2 thng khong 80-100cm,
chiu di bng 2/3 ch nm. Ngoi rng ngn , c rng ngn pha trc ngang tm vai b
khng bc vo mng n hay mng ung. Cc rng chung hi trn cnh trnh cho con vt b
xy xt.
H thng lm mt:
Lm mt trc tip cho c th b, heo, d bng h thng qut thng gi. Qut lm tng lu
thng khng kh xung quanh c th. H thng lm mt ny c hiu qu cao trong c iu kin kh
hu kh cng nh m.
Sn chi v ng i:
Sn chi c hng ro b, heo, d c th vn ng t do. Sn c lt bng gch vi din
tch khong 15-20 m2/con. Trong sn chi cng b tr mng n, mng ung v cy bng mt.
ng i cho n trong chung c b tr nhm thun tin nht theo v tr chung tri. V
ng i bn ngoi b tr thun nht cho vic vn chuyn thc n v cng tc v sinh. Dc hai bn
ng i ngoi chung c cy bng mt.
35
H thng kho cha v can thip th y:

Xy dng khu vc ch bin v phi trn thc n km theo cc kho cha thc n tinh, kho
cha c kh, b thc n xanh... Kho thong mt, trnh nh nng, lun phng s pht trin ca
cc loi vi khun, nm mc, trnh rui nhng, cc loi cn trng v chut gy hi. Cc vt cha
thc n c np y kn.
Trong khu vc mt tri c chung cch ly v phng th y. Chung th y c t khu
t ring bit, thp hn chung nui, xa khu vc chn nui (khong 200m) v cui hng gi.
Trong chung th y c ch dng lm kho thuc v dng c th y, c cc chung nui cch l
gia sc m vi y cc phng tin cung cp thc n, nc ung, v sinh v lm mt.
Hnh: Thit k chung b
36
Hnh: Thit k chung d
37
Hnh: Thit k chung ln

VI.4. Gii php k thut
H thng in:
H thng chiu sng bn trong c kt hp gia chiu sng nhn to v chiu sng t
nhin.
H thng chiu sng bn ngoi c b tr h thng n pha, ngoi vic bo m an ninh
cho cng trnh cn to c nt thm m cho cng trnh vo ban m. Cng trnh c b tr trm
bin th ring bit v c my pht in d phng. H thng tip t an ton, h thng in c
lp t ring bit vi h thng tip t chng st. Vic tnh ton thit k h thng in c tun
th tuyt i cc tiu chun qui nh ca tiu chun xy dng v tiu chun ngnh.
H thng cp thot nc:
H thng cp thot nc c thit k m bo yu cu s dng nc:
+ Nc sinh hot.
+ Nc cho h thng cha chy.
+ Nc dng cho trang tri b
Vic tnh ton cp thot nc c tnh theo tiu chun cp thot nc cho cng trnh cng
cng v theo tiu chun PCCC quy nh.
H thng chng st
38
H thng chng st s dng h thng kim thu st hin i t tiu chun.

H thng tip t chng st phi m bo Rd < 10 v c tch ring vi h thng tip
t an ton ca h thng in.
Ton b h thng sau khi lp t phi c bo tr v kim tra nh k.
Vic tnh ton thit k chng st c tun th theo quy nh ca quy chun xy dng v
tiu chun xy dng hin hnh.
H thng Phng chy cha chy
Cng trnh c lp t h thng bo chy t ng ti cc khu vc cng cng m bo
an ton tuyt i cho cng trnh. H thng cha chy c lp t nhng ni d thao tc v
thng xuyn c ngi qua li.
H thng cha chy: ng trng km, bnh cha chy, hp cha chy, s dng thit b ca
Vit Nam t tiu chun v yu cu PCCC ra.
Vic tnh ton thit k PCCC c tun th tuyt i cc qui nh ca qui chun xy dng
v tiu chun xy dng hin hnh.
H thng thng tin lin lc
Ton b cng trnh c b tr mt tng i chnh phc v lin lc i ni v i ngoi.
Cc thit b telex, in thoi ni b, fax (nu cn) c u ni n tng phng.
39
CHNG VII: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

VII.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng
VII.1.1. Gii thiu chung
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc xy dng ti huyn Bc, tnh
Ha Bnh.
Mc ch ca nh gi tc ng mi trng l xem xt nh gi nhng yu t tch cc v
tiu cc nh hng n mi trng trong xy dng d n v khu vc ln cn, t a ra cc
gii php khc phc, gim thiu nhim nng cao cht lng mi trng hn ch nhng tc
ng ri ro cho mi trng khi d n c thc thi, p ng c cc yu cu v tiu chun mi
trng.
VII.1.2. Cc quy nh v cc hng dn v mi trng
Cc quy nh v hng dn sau c dng tham kho
- Lut Bo v Mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 c Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam
kha XI k hp th 8 thng qua thng 11 nm 2005;
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 v vic quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 28 thng 2 nm 2008 v Sa i, b
sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 cu Chnh ph v
vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi trng;
- Thng t s 05/2008/ TT-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ngy 18/12/2008 v
vic hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo
v mi trng;
- Quyt nh s 35/Q-BKHCNMT ca B trng B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng
ngy 25/6/2002 v vic cng b Danh mc tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng bt buc p dng;
- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 v vic ban hnh Danh mc cht
thi nguy hi km theo Danh mc cht thi nguy hi;
- Tiu chun mi trng do B KHCN&MT ban hnh 1995, 2001 & 2005;
- Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti Nguyn v
Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng 05 Tiu chun Vit Nam v Mi trng v bi b p dng
mt s cc Tiu chun quy nh theo quyt nh s 35/2002/Q-BKHCNMT ngy 25 thng 6
nm 2002 ca B trng B KHCN v Mi trng;
VII.2. Cc tc ng mi trng
VII.2.1. Cc loi cht thi pht sinh
Trong qu trnh hot ng, d n chn nui gia sc thi ra ngoi mi trng phn, nc
tiu v thc n tha. Cc cht ny ng vai tr rt ln trong qu trnh gy nhim mi trng
chn nui. Bn thn cc cht thi ra trong qu trnh chn nui ny cha nhiu nhn t c hi
nhng c th quy ra 3 nhm chnh :
+ Cc vi sinh vt c hi
+ Cc cht c hi
40
+ Cc kh c hi
C 3 nhm yu t c hi ny c lin quan mt thit vi nhau v ph thuc rt nhiu vo
qu trnh chn nui cng nh bnh tt vt nui. Ngun gy nhim mi trng t cc c s
chn nui bao gm cht thi rn nh lng, phn, rc, thc n tha v cht thi lng nh nc tiu,
nc ra chung, v sinh mng n, mng ung, nc tm ra cho gia sc.
Trung bnh mt con b, heo, d thi 3.5 7 kg phn v 50 - 150 lt nc thi.
Trong cht thi chn nui c nhiu cht gy nhim mi trng. Cc nh khoa hc
phn chia cc cht nhim trong cht thi chn nui thnh cc loi: cc cht hu c d b phn
hu sinh hc, cc cht hu c bn vng, cc cht v c, cc cht c mi, cc cht rn, cc loi
mm bnh ... Cc cht nhim ny c th tn ti c trong kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn.
VII.2.2. Kh thi
Cc cht c mi
Cc cht c mi pht sinh t phn v nc thi, gy nhim khng kh. Khng kh trong
chung nui cha khong 100 hp cht kh (Haitung v Phillips,1994 ); H2 v CO2 t nhng ni
cha phn lng di t c th gy nn s ng c cp tnh hoc mn tnh cho vt nui. Mi phn
c bit hi thi khi tch lu phn phn hu trong trng thi ym kh, kh c hi to ra mi
trng xung quanh nng cao c th gy nn ma, ngt th, ngt xu hoc cht ngi. Lng
NH3 v H2S vt qu gii hn cho php s gy mi hi v kch thch vt nui, c bit l ln
ng h hp. Cc cht gy mi cn c nh gi bi hm lng cht rn bay hi v m d tha
trong cht thi. Cc cht d tha dng cha phn hu to iu kin cho vi sinh vt gy thi ra
pht trin.
Cc cht kh nhim
CO2 l loi kh khng mu, khng mi v, nng hn khng kh (1.98 g/l). N c sinh ra
trong qu trnh th v cc qu trnh phn hu ca vi sinh vt. Nng cao s nh hng xu n
s trao i cht, trng thi chung ca c th cng nh kh nng sn xut v sc chng bnh tt
do lm gim lng oxy tn ti. Nng CO2 s tng ln do kt qu phn gii phn ng vt v do
qu trnh h hp bnh thng ca ng vt trong mt khng gian kn. V vy trong cc chung
nui c mt cao v thng kh km, hm lng cacbonic tng cao c th vt qu tiu chun v
tr nn rt c hi i vi c th vt nui.
H2S l loi kh c tim tng trong cc chung chn nui gia sc. N c sinh ra do vi sinh
vt ym kh phn hu protein v cc vt cht hu c co cha Sunfua khc. Kh thi H2S sinh ra
c gi li trong cht lng ca ni lu gi phn. Kh H2S c mi rt kh chu v gy c thm
ch nng thp. Sc vt b trng c H2S ch yu do b my h hp ht vo, H2S tip xc vi
nim mc m t, ho hp vi cht kim trong c th sinh ra Na2S. Nim mc hp thu Na2S vo
mu, Na2S b thu phn gii phng ra H2S s kch thch h thng thn kinh, lm t lit trung khu
h hp v vn mch. nng cao H2S gy vim phi cp tnh km theo thu thng. Khng kh
cha trn 1mg/l H2S s lm cho con vt b cht trng thi t ngt, lit trung khu h hp v vn
mch ( Ngc Ho,1995) (Dn theo Bi Th Phng Ho). c v ng c i vi cng nhn
chn nui do ht phi H2S nng cao trong cc chung chn nui. Ngi ta c th xc nh
c mi H2S nng rt thp (0.025ppm) trong khng kh chung nui.
NH3 l mt cht kh khng mu, c mi kh chu, ngng gii hn tip nhn mi l
37mg/m3, t trng so vi khng kh l 0.59. N c mi rt cay v c th pht hin nng 5ppm.
Nng NH3 in hnh trong chung c mi trng c iu ho v thng thong tt l 20 ppm
41
v t 50 ppm nu phn tch t trn nn cng. Vo ma ng tc thng gi chm hn th c

th vt 50 ppm v c th ln n 100 200 ppm (Hi ng ht cc Hoa K, 1996). Hm lng
amoniac trong cc c s chn nui ph thuc vo s lng cht thi, cht hu c tch t li trong
cc lp n chung, tc l ph thuc vo mt nui gia sc, gia cm, m, nhit ca khng
kh v ca lp n chung, nguyn liu v xp ca lp n chung. Thng th khu vc bn
cha nhiu NH3 hn khu vc sch. Nng ca NH3 c pht hin trong cc tri chn nui
thng < 100 ppm.
CO l mt cht kh c hi trong khng kh chung nui. Trong khng kh bnh thng CO
nng l 0.02 ppm, trong cc ng ph l 13 ppm v nhng ni c mt giao thng cao c
th ln n 40 ppm. Loi kh ny gy c cho vt nui v con ngi do cnh tranh vi Oxy (O2)
kt ni vi st trong hng cu. i lc lin kt ny cao hn 250 ln so vi O2 do n y oxy
ra khi v tr ca n. Kh CO kt hp vi st ca hng cu to thnh kh carboxyhemoglobin lm
cho O2 khng dc a ti m bo gy nn tnh trng thiu oxy trong h hp t bo. Nng CO
cao ti 250 ppm trong cc khu chn nui b, heo, d sinh sn c th lm tng s lng b, heo, d
con non, b, heo, d con ra b cht nhng xt nghim bnh l cho thy khng c lin quan
ti cc bnh truyn nhim.
CH4 Cht kh ny c thi ra theo phn do vi sinh vt phn gii ngun dinh dng gm
cc cht x v bt ng trong qun trnh tiu ho. Loi kh ny khng c nhng nhng n cng
gp phn lm nh hng ti vt nui do chim ch trong khng kh lm gim lng oxy. iu
kin kh quyn bnh thng, nu kh CH4 chim 87-90% th tch khng kh s gy ra hin tng
kh th vt nui v c th dn n tnh trng hn m. Nhng quan trng hn l nu hm hng
kh metan ch chim 10-15% th tch khng kh c th gy n, y l mi nguy him chnh ca kh
metan.
VII.2.3. Nc thi
Nc thi pht sinh t trang tri chn nui do lm v sinh chung tri, mng n, mng ung,
nc tm ra cho gia sc hng ngy, nc tiu do gia sc bi tit ra mi trng. Thnh phn nc
thi chn nui bin ng rt ln ph thuc vo quy m chn nui, phng php v sinh, kiu
chung tri v cht lng nc v sinh chung tri....Trong nc thi, nc chim 75 95%,
phn cn li l cc cht hu c, v c v mm bnh. Cc cht hu c d b phn hu sinh hc.
Gm cc cht nh: Cacbonhydrat, protein, cht bo.... y l cht gy nhim ch yu ca nc
thi khu dn c, cng nghip ch bin thc phm, l m .Cht hu c tiu th xy rt mnh, gy
hin tng gim xy trong ngun tip nhn dn n suy thoi v gim cht lng ngun nc.
Cc cht rn tng s trong nc
Bao gm cht rn l lng v cht rn ho tan, cht rn bay hi v cht rn khng bay hi do
cc cht keo protein, hydratcacbon, cht bo c trong nc thi hoc c to ra khi gp iu kin
nh: pH, nhit , cng thch hp. Lng cht rn l lng cao trong nc gy cn tr qu trnh
x l cht thi. Cht rn l lng trong nc thi chn nui ch yu l cn phn vt nui trong qu
trnh v sinh chung tri, trong phn c Nitrogen, pht pht v nhiu vi sinh vt. Phn ln N trong
phn dng Amonium (NH4+) v hp cht nit hu c. Nu khng c x l th mt lng ln
Amonium s i vo khng kh dng Amonia (NH3). Nitrat v vi sinh vt theo nc thi ra ngoi
mi trng c th nhim vo ngun nc ngm v lm t b nhim.
Cc cht hu c bn vng
42
Bao gm cc hp cht Hydrocacbon, vng thm, hp cht a vng, hp cht c cha Clo
hu c trong cc loi ho cht tiu c kh trng nh DDT, Lindan.....cc cht ho hc ny c kh
nng tn lu trong t nhin lu di v tch ly trong c th cc loi sinh vt. Cc cht v c. Bao
gm cc cht nh Amonia, ion PO43+ , K+, SO42- , Cl+. Kali trong phn l cht lng tn ti nh
mt loi mui ho tan, phn ln l t nc tiu gia sc bi tit ra khong 90%. Kali trong thc n
cng c gia sc bi tit ra ngoi. Ion SO42- c to ra do s phn hu cc hp cht cha lu
hunh trong iu kin hiu kh hoc ym kh.
(CH3)2S + 2H2 2CH4 + H2 ( ym kh)
CH3SH + O2 +H2O CH4 + H2SO4 (Mercaptan )
(CH3)2S + O2 +H2O CH4 + H2SO4 (hiu kh)
Clorua l cht v c c nhiu trong nc thi, nng Clorua vt qu mc 350mg/l s gy
nhim t, nc ngm v nc b mt........
Cc yu t vi sinh vt
Trong nc thi c cha mt tp on kh rng cc vi sinh vt c li v c hi, trong c
nhiu loi trng k sinh trng, vi trng v virus gy bnh nh: E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella,
Proteus, Arizona.... Bnh thng, cc vi sinh vt ny sng cng sinh vi nhau trong ng tiu
ho nn c s cn bng sinh thi. Khi xut hin tnh trng bnh l th s cn bng b ph v,
chng hn nh gia sc b a chy th s lng vi khun gy bnh s nhiu hn v ln p tp on
vi khun c li.
Trong nhng trng hp vt nui mc cc bnh truyn nhim khc th s o thi vi trng
gy bnh trong cht thi tr nn nguy him cho mi trng v cho cc vt nui khc.
VII.2.4. Cht thi rn
Cht thi rn t hot ng chn nui bao gm phn, rc, cht n chung, thc n d tha,
xc gia sc cht hng ngy. T l cc cht hu c, v c, vi sinh vt trong cht thi ph thuc vo
khu phn n, ging, loi gia sc v cch dn v sinh.
Trong cht thi rn cha : nc 56 - 83%, cht hu c 1 - 26%, nit 0.32 1.6%, P 0.25
1.4%, K 0.15 0.95% v nhiu loi vi khun, virus, trng giun sn gy bnh cho ngi v ng
vt. Cc thnh phn trong cht thi rn c th khc nhau v t l cc thnh phn ny cng khc
nhau tu tng loi gia sc, gia cm. Ngoi mt s thnh phn nh trn th trong cht thi rn cn
cha mt s vi sinh vt gy bnh cho ngi v ng vt.
VII.3. Bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng
VII.3.1. X l cht thi rn
Nguyn tc chung
Cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh chn nui phi c thu gom gn gng sch s, c
ni thu gom, cha cht thi rn, thng cha phi bng vt liu bn, c np y kn, khng r r,
thm ht, chy trn. Thng xuyn dng ho cht, vi bt st trng ni cha cht thi rn.
Khng tn tr cht thi rn ti chung tri v ni thu gom ca c s qu 24 gi m khng c bin
php x l thch hp. Phng tin vn chuyn cht thi rn phi m bo kn, khng r r, khng
ri vi, khng thot mi hi. Cht thi rn sau khi x l phi m bo t tiu chun mi trng
theo quy nh. Tt nht nn xy hm Biogas x l cht thi rn v tn dng c ngun cht
t cho sinh hot. Tuy nhin, i vi chn nui quy m nh th phi xy dng b phn xanh.
Hng ngy tin hnh thu gom phn rc tp trung v h hoai mc trc khi s dng bn cho
43
cy trng. Nn chung nui v h x l cht thi phi c xy v lng xi mng d dng cho
qu trnh c ra v sinh v trnh c s thm thu cht lng ra ngoi mi trng, to c
ym kh ca h , gip phn chng hoai mc.
Quy trnh phn xanh
phn xanh l qu trnh x l phn v cc cht thi rn bng cch trn ln vi vi bt + t
bt + phn ln + l phn xanh hoc tru, hoai mc. C 2 cch phn xanh nh sau:
- trn mt t bng cch ri mt lp vi bt pha trn mt t sau di mt lp phn,
cht n ln. C mt lp phn dy 20-30 cm li ri mt lp vi bt cho n khi ng phn cao
khong 1-1.2m th p kn bn ngoi bng mt lp bn dy khong 5-7cm.
- o h su 2-2.5m, chu vi h tu thuc vo lng cht thi cn x l. Ri mt lp vi bt
ln b mt ca h sau a cht thi xung v lm tng t nh trn mt t, khong cch t
lp cht thi trn cng ti mt t l 50cm.
Sau khi tin hnh kh trng tiu c khu vc xung quanh bng vi bt, hoc cc ho cht
sau: Formol 2-3%, Xt 2-3%, Chloramin, Prophyl, Virkon, Biocid,...
Trong qu trnh , nh k 3- 5 ngy cn phi ly nc (tt nht l nc thi v sinh chung
tri) ti u trn b duy tr m v cugn cp thm dinh dng cho vi khun k kh pht
trin. Thng thng, sau khong 1 thng th phn xanh hoai ht, ly ra bn cho cy trng.
H thng Biogas
Biogas l mt loi kh t sinh hc c to ra khi phn hy ym kh phn thi ra ca gia
sc. Cc cht thi ca gia sc c cho vo hm kn (hay ti ), cc vi sinh vt s phn hy
chng thnh cc cht mn v kh, kh ny c thu li qua mt h thng ng dn ti l t,
phc v sinh hot ca gia nh. Cc cht thi ra sau qu trnh phn hy trong hm kn (hay ti )
gn nh sch v c th thi ra mi trng, c bit nc thi ca h thng Biogas c th dng ti
cho cy trng.
K thut x l bng b Biogas c nhiu cch, ph thuc vo nng sut s dng nh ti sinh
kh Biogas bng cht do, hm c np tri ni v hm c np c nh.
Tt nht nn chn v tr xy dng hm phn hu gn chung tri v h thng cp thot nc
thun tin. C th xy dng ngay trong chung tri tit kim t.
VII.3.2. X l nc thi
Phi m bo h thng thot nc v sinh chung tri lun khai thng, khng t ng
pht sinh mi hi, rui mui. Nc thi phi c x l bng hm t hoi, hm biogas, ao lng
lc v cc phng php khc m bo khng pht sinh mi hi hoc chy trn ra mi trng xung
quanh. Nc thi sau khi x l phi m bo t tiu chun theo quy nh. i vi cc c s chn
nui nh, h gia nh khng c h thng x l nc thi th ton b nc thi trong qu trnh chn
nui, v sinh chung tri,... phi c x l bng cc ho cht st trng trc khi chy vo h
thng thot nc chung. Ngoi ra c th xy dng h thng b lng lc c trng cy thu sinh
x l. i vi cc c s chn nui ln, nc thi trong qu trnh chn nui, v sinh chung tri,...
phi c x l qua h thng x l nc thi trc khi thi ra ngoi, m bo v sinh an ton
dch bnh, v sinh mi trng. Thng thng, nc thi v sinh chung tri c x l cng vi
cc cht thi rn trong hm Biogas, tuy nhin phn nc thi sau Biogas thi ra vn lm nhim
mi trng xung quanh.
VII.3.3. X l kh thi, mi hi
44
Thng xuyn v sinh chung tri gim thiu mi hi pht sinh trong qu trnh chn
nui. Kh thi trong qu trnh nui nht, tn tr cht thi phi c x l bng cc bin php thch
hp khng pht sinh mi hi nh hng n mi trng xung quanh.
VII.3.4. Gim thiu cc tc ng khc
X l ting n: Cc khu vc tp trung ng dn c, chung tri phi c tng bao quanh,
xy dng cao ti thiu l 2m. Ting n phi x l t tiu chun theo quy nh TCVN 5949-1998.
- St trng, v sinh chung tri: nh k phun dipterex tr rui, mui, k sinh trng; nh
k ty u chung tri v mi trng chung quanh.
- Trng cy xanh to bng mt v chn c gi lnh, gi nng, ngoi ra cy xanh cn
quang hp ht kh CO2 v thi kh O2 rt tt cho mi trng chn nui. Nn trng cc loi cy
nh: nhn, vi, keo du, mung.
- Tiu c kh trng i vi phng tin vn chuyn gia cm, sn phm gia cm - Trang
b dng c bo h lao ng khi s dng ha cht (phun thuc st trng, thuc ty u,)
VII.3.5. Y t, v sinh v v sinh mi trng
Vi ring sn xut dc liu, tt c quy trnh t trng trt, thu hi, ch bin, ng gi phi
tun theo cc quy nh quc gia v an ton, vn chuyn vt liu v v sinh mi trng.
Tt c ai tham gia vn chuyn, ch bin, thu hi hay trng trt phi tun theo cc quy nh
v sinh ca quc gia trong ton b quy trnh ch bin.
Tt c nhn vin phi c bo v trnh tip xc vi tho dc c hay d ng tim tng
bng o qun bo v thch hp, k c gng tay.
Tnh trng y t.
Tt c nhn s c bit, hay b nghi ng l ang mang mm bnh hoc b au yu c th
ly truyn sang nguyn liu cy thuc khng c php vo khu vc thu hoch, sn xut hay ch
bin.
au yu, tn thng
Tt c nhn vin c vt thng cha lin ming, b vim hay bnh ngoi da phi b hon
cng vic hay buc mc o qun bo v v mang gng tay cho n khi phc hi hon ton. Nhng
ngi b bnh truyn nhim qua khng kh hay thc n, k c bnh l hay tiu chy, phi b ngng
cng tc trong tt c khu vc sn xut v ch bin, theo quy nh a phng, quc gia.
Cc tnh trng sc kho phi c bo co cho b phn qun l xem xt khm nghim y
khoa v/hoc c th min khi vic vn chuyn nguyn liu cy thuc gm: bnh vng da, tiu
chy, nn ma, sut, rt c hng c st, cc thng tn b nhim thy c (phng, t, v.v...) v
cc cht phng thch t tai, mi hay mt. Nhn vin no c vt t hay vt thng v c php
tip tc lm vic nen che vt thng li bng bng khng thm nc thch hp.
V sinh c nhn.
Nhn vin x l nguyn liu cy thuc phi duy tr mt mc cao v v sinh c nhn.
Nhn vin phi lun ra tay lc bt u cc hot ng x l, khi i v sinh, v sau khi x l
nguyn liu cy thuc hay vt liu nhim no.
Hnh vi c nhn.
Khng nn cho php ht thuc v n trong khu vc ch bin cy thuc. Nhn vin x l
nguyn liu cy thuc phi hn ch cc hnh vi c th gy nhim vt liu, th d, khc nh, ht
x hay ho ln trn vt liu khng c bo v.
45
T trang nh n trang, ng h v cc mn khc khng nn mang hay a vo khu vc ni

nguyn liu cy thuc c x l nu chng e do s an ton hay phm cht ca dc liu.
VII.4. Kt lun
Mi hot ng sn xut nng nghip u c nhng tc ng khng tt n mi trng. Tuy
nhin, vi din tch rng ln, sc ti mi trng y s rt cao, v th qu trnh chn nui b,
heo, d s khng gy nh hng ln n mi trng trng cy dc liu cng nh mi trng
xung quanh.
46
CHNG VIII: TNG MC U T D N

VIII.1. C s lp tng mc u t
Tng mc u t cho d n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c lp
da trn cc phng n trong h s thit k c s ca d n v cc cn c sau y :
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi Nc Cng ho X hi
Ch ngha Vit Nam;
- Lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip ca Quc Hi kha XII k hp th 3, s 14/2008/QH12
Ngy 03 thng 06 nm 2008 ;
- Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/2/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l d n u t
v xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l cht lng
cng trnh xy dng v Ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18/04/2008 ca Chnh ph v vic sa
i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 2009/2004/N-CP;
- Ngh nh s 99/2007/N-CP ngy 13/06/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l chi ph u t
xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh s 123/2008/N-CP ngy 08/12/2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh
Lut thu gi tr gia tng;
- Ngh nh s 148/2004/N-CP ngy 23/07/2004 sa i, b sung Khon 1 iu 7 Ngh
nh s 158/2003/N-CP;
- Thng t s 05/2007/TT-BXD ngy 27/05/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic Hng dn vic
lp v qun l chi ph d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
- Thng t s 129/2008/TT-BTC ngy 26/12/2008 hng dn thi hnh Ngh nh s
123/2008/N-CP;
- Thng t 130/2008/TT-BTT ngy 26/12/2008 hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut
Thu Thu Nhp Doanh Nghip.
- Thng t s 02/2007/TTBXD ngy 14/2/2007. Hng dn mt s ni dung v: lp, thm
nh, ph duyt d n u t xy dng cng trnh; giy php xy dng v t chc qun l d n
u t xy dng cng trnh;
- nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng km theo Quyt nh s
957/Q-BXD ngy 29/9/2009 ca B Xy dng;
- Thng t 33-2007-TT/BTC ca B Ti Chnh ngy 09 thng 04 nm 2007 hng dn quyt
ton d n hon thnh thuc ngun vn nh nc;
- Thng t 203/2009/TT-BTC ca B Ti Chnh ngy 20 thng 10 nm 2010 hng dn ch
qun l, s dng v trch khu hao ti sn c nh;
- Cc vn bn khc ca Nh nc lin quan n lp Tng mc u t, tng d ton v d
ton cng trnh.
VIII.2. Ni dung tng mc u t
VIII.2.1. Ni dung
Mc ch ca tng mc u t l tnh ton ton b chi ph u t xy dng D an Trng
cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc, lm c s lp k hoch v qun l vn u t, xc
nh hiu qu u t ca d n.
47
Tng mc u t ca d n l 11,362,333,000 ng bao gm:

+ Chi ph xy dng v lp t;
+ Chi ph my mc thit b;
+ Chi ph qun l d n;
+ Chi ph t vn u t xy dng;
+ Chi ph con ging;
+ Chi ph ging cy dc liu;
+ Chi ph trng c gia chn nui;
+ Chi ph gii phng v san lp mt bng;
+ Chi ph cy xi v gieo trng;
+ D phng ph;
+ Li vay trong thi gian xy dng;
+ Chi ph khc.
Khi ton chi ph xy dng v lp t
Khi ton chi ph xy dng v lp t cho cc cng trnh bao gm:
Khu vc chung:
+ Nh bo v;
+ Vn phng lm vic;
+ Nh n;
+ ng ni b;
+ Cng;
+ Tng bao quanh;
+ B cha nc;
+ Nh v sinh;
+ Hm Biogas;
+ Ging khoan;
Khu vc trng cy dc liu
+ Xng sy;
+ Kho cha;
+ Sn phi dc liu;
+ Khu m ging cy dc liu;
+ Khu trng cy dc liu c mi che;
Khu vc chn nui kt hp
+ Chung d;
+ Chung b;
+ Chung heo;
+ H phn;
48
Khi ton chi ph xy dng v lp t c th hin qua bng sau:

Bng : Khi ton kinh ph xy dng v lp t
STT
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
1
2
3
4
III
1
2
3
4
5
n
Din tch
v
Khu vc chung
Nh bo v
m2
16
2
Vn phng lm vic
m
35
2
Nh n
m
60
WC chung
m2
21
Hm biogas
HT
1
Cng
ci
2
Tng bao quanh
m
1,440
2
B cha nc
m
15
ng ni b
m2
1,456
Ging khoan
ci
10
Khu chn nui
Chung d
m2
267
Chung b
m2
325
2
Chung heo
m
552
2
H phn
m
316
Khu trng cy dc liu
Khu m ging cy
m2
5,500
dc liu
Sn phi dc liu
m2
2,000
Khu trng cy dc
m2
liu c mi che bng
6,000
li
Xng sy
m2
200
Kho cha
m2
300
TNG CNG
Hng mc
VT: 1000 ng
Sut xy
Thnh tin
dng (/m2)
(ngn ng)
1,850
1,975
1,975
510
46,000
5,200
425
920
176
5,040
230
890
890
920
123
195
82
1,975
1,975
Khi ton chi ph my mc thit b

Khi ton chi ph my mc thit b bao gm:
+ My ra v tch v dc liu dng c;
+ My ra v tch dc liu dng tho;
+ My sao dc liu t ng;
+ My nghin dc liu;
+ My thi dc liu thi lt c qu ti;
+ T sy dc liu;
+ My bm nc;
+ H thng ti tiu cho dc liu;
+ T ct tr dc liu;
+ Thit b vn chuyn dc liu;
+ Dng c thu hoch dc liu;
49
+ Thit b vn phng lm vic;

+ Thit b nh ngh cng nhn;
+ Thit b nh n;
+ H thng in;
Khi ton chi ph my mc thit b dng cho d n c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng : Bng khi ton chi ph my mc thit b d n n gi
Thnh tin
trc thu
67,900
271,600
27160
ci
55,800
223,200
22320
My sao dc liu t ng
ci
56,800
198,700
19870
My nghin dc liu cng sut

25-30 kg/gi
ci
44,300
177,200
17720
My thi dc liu ( kch thc 35 cm) thi lt c qu ti, cng

sut 50-100 kg/ gi
ci
34,560
138,240
13824
ci
61,150
244,600
24460
chic
10
3,560
32,364
3,236
138,000
125,455
12,545
1
3
1
145,000
5,360
13,800
131,818
14,618
12,545
13,182
1,462
1,255
3,120
11,345
1,135
chic
685
1,245
125
chic
6,700
6,091
609
b
b
7
1
2,350
110,000
14,955
100,000
1,495
10,000
chic
685
3,114
311
chic
h
thng
6,700
12,182
1,218
128,000
116,364
11,636
Hng mc
My ra v tch v dc liu
dng c
My ra dc liu dng tho
T sy dc liu
My bm nc 125W. A-130
JACK
H thng ti tiu cho dc liu
Thit b ct tr dc liu ( t)
Thit b vn chuyn dc liu
Dng c thu hoch dc liu
Vn phng lm vic
+ Bn gh
+ Qut trn cnh 1,4m ASIA
J56002
+ Ti vi LG LCD 32LH20R
Nh n
+ Bn gh
+ Dng c nh bp
+ Qut trn cnh 1,4m ASIA
J56002
+ Ti vi LG LCD 32LH20R
H thng in
n v
S
lng
ci
VT: 1000 ng
h
thng
thit b
xe
b
VAT
Thnh tin
sau thu
TNG CNG
50
Theo quyt nh s 957/Q-BXD cng b nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t

xy dng cng trnh, lp cc chi ph nh sau:
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph qun l d n tnh theo nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng
cng trnh.
Chi ph qun l d n bao gm cc chi ph t chc thc hin cc cng vic qun l d n
t giai on chun b d n, thc hin d n n khi hon thnh nghim thu bn giao cng trnh
vo khai thc s dng, bao gm:
Chi ph t chc lp d n u t.
Chi ph t chc thm nh d n u t, tng mc u t; chi ph t chc thm tra thit k
k thut, thit k bn v thi cng v d ton xy dng cng trnh.
Chi ph t chc la chn nh thu trong hot ng xy dng;
Chi ph t chc qun l cht lng, khi lng, tin v qun l chi ph xy dng cng
trnh;
Chi ph t chc m bo an ton v v sinh mi trng ca cng trnh;
Chi ph t chc nghim thu, thanh ton, quyt ton hp ng; thanh ton, quyt ton vn
u t xy dng cng trnh;
Chi ph t chc nghim thu, bn giao cng trnh;
Chi ph khi cng, khnh thnh;
Chi ph qun l d n = (GXL+GTB)*2.524% = 174,526,000 ng
GXL: Chi ph xy lp
GTB: Chi ph thit b, my mc
Chi ph t vn u t xy dng
Bao gm:
- Chi ph t vn lp d n u t;
- Chi ph thm tra d ton ;
- Chi ph kim nh ng b h thng thit b ;
Chi ph lp d n = (GXL + GTB) x 3.270% = 226,109,000 ng.
Chi ph thm tra d ton = GXL x 0.231% = 11,308,000 ng.
Chi ph kim nh ng b h thng thit b : GTB x 0.300% = 6,058,000 ng.
Chi ph t vn u t xy dng =243,475,000 ng.
Chi ph khc
Chi ph khc bao gm cc chi ph cn thit khng thuc chi ph xy dng; chi ph thit b;
chi ph qun l d n v chi ph t vn u t xy dng ni trn:
Chi ph bo him xy dng;
Chi ph kim ton;
Chi ph lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng;
Chi ph bo him xy dng = GXL x 1.500 % = 73,432,000 ng.
Chi ph kim ton= (GXL +GTB) x 0.458 % = 31,697,000 ng.
Chi phi l p bao cao anh gia tac ng mi trng = 100,000,000 ng.
Chi ph khc =205,129,000 ng.
51
Chi ph ging cy dc liu.

Vi din tch trng l 88,010 m2, chi ph trng cy dc liu c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Chi ph ging cy dc liu
STT
Hng mc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Ba kch
Bch ch
Bch trut
C ngt
Dip h chu
inh lng
trng
c hot
ng quy
H kh Tho
H Th
Hoi sn
Kim ngn
Kim tin tho
Ngu tt
Tht dip nht
chi hoa
Thc a
Trinh n hong
cung
X en
Xuyn khung
TNG
16
17
18
19
20
Din tch gieo

trng (m2)
S
lng/ha
n v
n gi
8,500
65
53
70,000
67
30,000
1,600
2,550
45
2,600
3,250
360
1,760
2,630
1,890
cy/ha
kg ht/ha
kg ht/ha
cy/ha
kg ht/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
kg ht/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
kg c/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
9
185
130
1.5
320
7
35
55
300
28
21
27
15
16
12
4,562
6,736
6,884
7,100
5,500
4,588
3,100
4,600
4,759
3,238
4,430
3,900
4,782
3,580
4,298
2,510
3,756
1,560 cy/ha
132 kg c/ha
Thnh tin
(ngn ng)
85
25
2,566
54,800 cy/ha
0.5
3,577
3,544
88,010
1,850 cy/ha
1,920 cy/ha
9
13
Chi ph ging cy dc liu = 470,122,000 ng.
52
Chi ph u t con ging

Nhm phc v cho hot ng chn nui gia sc ca d n, ch u t mua 100
con d ci, 6 con d c, 50 b vng ging v 30 heo ging.
Chi ph u t con ging c th hin qua bng sau :
Bng: Chi phi u t con ging
STT
1
2
3
Hng mc
D
+ D ci
+ D c
B
Heo
n v
con
con
con
con
TNG
S
lng
100
6
50
30
n gi
(ngn ng)
Thnh tin
(ngn ng)
1,300
3,000
13,000
6,000
Chi ph u t con ging = 978,000,000 ng

Chi ph trng c
phc ph cho nhu cu cung cp lng thc n cho b v d trong trang tri, ch u
t u t trng c vi din tch 1 ha vi n gi 42,000,000 ng/ha.
Chi ph trng c = 42,000,000 ng
Chi ph san lp v gii phng mt bng (tm tnh)= 450,000,000 ng.
Chi ph cy xi v gieo trng dc liu = ng.
Chi ph ny bao gm: chi ph cy t, trng dc liu, bn lt ban u
Chi ph d phng
D phng ph bng 10% chi ph xy lp, chi ph thit b, chi ph qun l d n, chi ph t
vn u t xy dng, chi ph u t con ging v chi ph khc ph hp vi Thng t s
05/2007/TT-BXD ngy 25/07/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic Hng dn lp v qun l chi ph
d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
Chi ph d phng
(GXl+Gtb+Gqlda+Gtv+Gk+Gg)*10%= 902,790,000 ng.
Li vay trong thi gian xy dng:
Trong thi gian xy dng, d tnh ngn hng s gii ngn vn vay trong thi gian 8 thng
t thng 12/2012 n thng 7/2013. Chi ph li vay trong thi gian xy dng c tnh theo d n
u k v vn vay trong k.
Li vay trong thi gian xy dng: 214,299,000 ng.
53
VIII.2.2. Kt qu tng mc u t
Bng: Tng mc u t d n
STT
Hng mc
VT: 1000 ng
Gi tr
trc thu
VAT
Gi tr
sau thu
Chi ph xy dng
Chi ph my mc thit b
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph lp d n
Chi ph thm tra d ton
Chi ph kim nh ng b h thng
3
thit b
V
Chi ph khc
1
Chi ph bo him xy dng
2
Chi ph kim ton
3
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
VI Chi ph con ging
VII Chi ph ging cy dc liu
VIII Chi ph trng c
IX Chi ph d phng=Gcp*10%
Chi ph san lp v gii phng mt
X
bng
XI Chi ph cy xi gieo trng
TNG VN U T (cha c li
vay)
XII Li vay trong thi gian xy dng
TNG VN U T (c li vay)
I
II
III
IV
1
2
54
VIII.2.3. Vn lu ng
Ngoi nhng khon u t my mc thit b, trang tri trong giai on u t ban u, khi
d n i vo hot ng cn b sung ngun vn lu ng.
Vn lu ng ca d n bao gm khon phi thu bng 10 % doanh thu, khon phi tr bng
10 % chi ph hot ng v nhu cu tn qu tin mt bng 5 % doanh thu.
Theo k hoch th d n i vo hot ng vo nm qu II/2013 sau khi hon thnh cc giai
on u t.
Bng: Bng vn lu ng
VT:1000 ng
Nm
2013
1
2014
2
2015
3
2016
4
2017,..
5,..
Khon phi thu (AR)

Thay i trong khon phi
thu
( (+)AR = ARt-1-ARt )
Khon phi tr (AP)
Thay i trong khon phi
tr
( (+)AP = APt-1-APt )
S d tin mt (CB)
Thay i s d tin mt
( (+)CB = CBt-CBt-1 )
55
CHNG IX: NGUN VN THC HIN D N

IX.1 Cu trc tng mc u t v phn b tng mc u t
Bng: Cu trc tng mc u t
VT : 1,000 ng
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Hng mc
Thnh tin
trc thu
VAT
Chi ph xy dng
Chi ph thit b
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph khc
Chi ph ging
D phng ph
Chi ph san lp v gii phng mt bng
Chi ph cy xi v trng dc liu
TNG CNG (cha c li vay)
Li vay trong thi gian xy dng
TNG CNG (c li vay)
Thnh tin
sau thu
4,895,451
2,019,199
174,526
243,475
205,129
1,490,122
902,790
450,000
767,343
11,148,034
214,299
11,362,333
IX.2 Tin s dng vn

Bng: Tin s dng vn u t
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Hng mc
Chi ph xy dng
Chi ph thit b
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph khc
Chi ph ging
D phng ph
Chi ph cy xi gieo trng
TNG CNG (cha c li vay)
Li vay trong thi gian xy dng
TNG CNG ( c li vay)
Qu IV/ 2012
1,223,863
Qu I/2013
VT: 1,000 ng
Tng cng
43,631
243,475
102,564
451,395
450,000
767,343
3,282,272
25,089
3,307,361
56
IX.3 Ngun vn thc hin d n

Bng: Ngun vn thc hin d n
STT
1
2
Hng mc
Vn ch s hu
Vn vay
Cng
Qu IV/ 2012
Qu I/2013
VT: 1,000 ng
Tng cng
Vi tng mc u t 11,348,046,000 ng. Trong : Ch u t b vn 25% tng mc

u t ban u (cha bao gm li vay) tng ng vi s tin 3,001,307,000 ng v chi ph li
vay trong thi gian xy dng l 214,299,000 ng. Ngoi ra cng ty d nh vay 75 % trn tng
vn u t (Cha bao gm li vay trong thi gian xy dng), tc tng s tin cn vay l
8,361,026,000 ng. Ngun vn vay ny d kin vay trong thi gian 84 thng vi li sut d kin
12%/nm. Thi gian n hn tr vn gc l 8 thng v thi gian tr n l 76 thng.
Phng thc vay vn: n gc c n hn trong 8 thng, trong thi gian n hn, ch u t
ch tr li vay theo d n u k v vn vay trong k. Ngun vn c gii ngn trong vng 4
thng t 01/12/2012 n 01/03/2013
Tin rt vn vay v tr li vay c trnh by bng sau:
Bng: Tin rt vn vay v tr li vay ca d n
Ngy
1
2
3
4
D n u
k
Vay n
trong k
Tr n
trong k
VT: 1000 ng
Tr n
gc
Tr li
vay
D n cui
k
12/1/2012
1/1/2013
2/1/2013
3/1/2013
S vn vay ny k vng s c gii ngn nhiu ln vo u mi thng, vi tng s tin l

8,361,026,000 ng. Trong thi gian xy dng, cui mi thng ch u t s tr ton b li vay
ch cha tr vn gc v cha c ngun doanh thu t hot ng ca d n.
IX.4. Phng n hon tr vn vay v chi ph li vay
Phng n hon tr vn vay c xut trong d n ny l phng n tr li v n gc
nh k hng nm sau mt nm d n i vo hot ng. Phng n hon tr vn vay c th hin
c th ti bng sau:
Bng: Phng n hon tr vn vay
VT: 1,000 ng
T l vn vay
S tin vay
Thi hn vay
n hn
Li vay
Thi hn tr n
75%
8,361,026
84
8
12%
76
ngn ng
thng
thng
/nm
thng
57
Thi hn vay ca d n l 84 thng, ch u t c n hn 8 thng. Sau thi gian n hn,

khi d n i vo khai thc kinh doanh, c ngun thu s bt u tr vn gc. Ch u t s phi tr
n trong 76 thng. Tng s tin phi tr cho ngn hng mi k bao gm li vay v khon vn gc
u mi k.
K hoch tr n theo cc k c th hin c th qua bng sau:
Bng: K hoch tr n
VT: 1000 ng
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Ngy
D n u
k
4/1/2013
5/1/2013
6/1/2013
7/1/2013
8/1/2013
9/1/2013
10/1/2013
11/1/2013
12/1/2013
1/1/2014
2/1/2014
3/1/2014
4/1/2014
5/1/2014
6/1/2014
7/1/2014
8/1/2014
9/1/2014
10/1/2014
11/1/2014
12/1/2014
1/1/2015
2/1/2015
3/1/2015
4/1/2015
5/1/2015
6/1/2015
7/1/2015
8/1/2015
9/1/2015
10/1/2015
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,251,012
8,140,999
8,030,985
7,920,972
7,810,958
7,700,945
7,590,931
7,480,918
7,370,904
7,260,891
7,150,877
7,040,864
6,930,850
6,820,837
6,710,823
6,600,810
6,490,796
6,380,783
6,270,769
6,160,756
6,050,742
5,940,729
5,830,715
5,720,702
5,610,688
5,500,675
Vay n
trong k
Tr n
trong k
Tr n
gc
Tr li
vay
D n
cui k
58
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
11/1/2015
12/1/2015
1/1/2016
2/1/2016
3/1/2016
4/1/2016
5/1/2016
6/1/2016
7/1/2016
8/1/2016
9/1/2016
10/1/2016
11/1/2016
12/1/2016
1/1/2017
2/1/2017
3/1/2017
4/1/2017
5/1/2017
6/1/2017
7/1/2017
8/1/2017
9/1/2017
10/1/2017
11/1/2017
12/1/2017
1/1/2018
2/1/2018
3/1/2018
4/1/2018
5/1/2018
6/1/2018
7/1/2018
8/1/2018
9/1/2018
10/1/2018
11/1/2018
12/1/2018
1/1/2019
5,390,661
5,280,648
5,170,634
5,060,621
4,950,607
4,840,594
4,730,580
4,620,567
4,510,553
4,400,540
4,290,526
4,180,513
4,070,499
3,960,486
3,850,472
3,740,459
3,630,445
3,520,432
3,410,418
3,300,405
3,190,391
3,080,378
2,970,364
2,860,351
2,750,337
2,640,324
2,530,310
2,420,297
2,310,283
2,200,270
2,090,256
1,980,243
1,870,229
1,760,216
1,650,202
1,540,189
1,430,175
1,320,162
1,210,148
59
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
2/1/2019
3/1/2019
4/1/2019
5/1/2019
6/1/2019
7/1/2019
8/1/2019
9/1/2019
10/1/2019
11/1/2019
110,013
TNG CNG
111,099
110,013
8,361,026
1,085
(0)
Mi thng ch u t phi tr vn gc cho s tin vay l 110,013,000 ng v s tin ny

tr trong 76 thng. Cn s li vay ch u t s tr km vi vn gc da vo d n u k ca
mi thng. Theo d kin th n 01/11/2019 ch u t s hon tr n ng hn cho ngn hng.
Qua hoch nh ngun doanh thu, chi ph v li vay theo k hoch tr n cho thy d n
hot ng hiu qu, c kh nng tr n ng hn rt cao, mang li li nhun ln cho nh u t v
cc i tc hp tc cho vay.
60
CHNG X: HIU QU KINH T TI CHNH CA D N

X.1. Cc gi nh kinh t v c s tnh ton
Cc thng s gi nh trn dng tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca d n trn c s tnh ton
ca cc d n trin khai, cc vn bn, cc ti liu lin quan cung cp t Ch u t, c th nh
sau:
Thi gian hot ng ca d n : 12 nm v d tnh t qu II nm 2013 d n s i vo
hot ng;
Doanh thu hot ng ca d n c c t :
+ Hot ng chnh: Bn cc sn phm t cy dc liu.
Gi bn hng nm tng theo t l lm pht l 8%/nm
+ Hot ng ph: Bn cc loi gia sc heo, b, d t hot ng chn nui kt hp.
n gi tng theo t l lm pht 8%/nm
Chi ph ca d n:
+ Chi ph lng : Nhu cu lao ng phc v cho hot ng ca d n l 29 ngi. Mc
lng c tnh ton theo chc v. Mc tng lng hng nm l 7%/nm.
+ Chi ph BHYT, BHXH: chim 21% chi ph tim lng theo b lut lao ng Vit Nam.
+ Chi ph thc n + thuc v vacxin :
- Tnh ton da trn nhu cu cung cp thc n cho gia sc
- Hng nm, cc loi gia sc trong trang tri u c tim vacxin nhm phng nga mt
s bnh ph bin trn gia sc nh dch t, t huyt trng, ph thng hn v l mm long mng.
+ Chi ph m ging: chim khong 2% doanh thu t cy dc liu.
+ Chi ph bo tr thit b: chim 1% chi ph thit b ca d n.
+ Chi ph x l cht thi: chim 1% doanh thu ca d n.
+ Chi ph khc: chim 1% doanh thu ca d n.
Chi ph khu hao Ti sn c nh: p dng phng php khu hao theo ng thng,
thi gian khu hao s c tnh theo quyt nh s 206/2003-Q-BTC. Thi gian khu hao TSC
th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Thi gian khu hao ti sn c nh
Hng mc
Ch ph xy dng
Chi ph thit b
Chi ph t vn, chi ph QLDA, chi ph
khc,d phng ph
Chi ph ging cy dc liu
Chi ph con ging
Chi ph trng c
Chi ph cy xi gieo trng
Nm KH
12
10
7
8
10
8
7
7
61
Sut sinh li vn ch s hu re = 18%

Thu thu nhp doanh nghip ca d n: thu sut p dng l 25%.
X.2. Tnh ton chi ph ca d n
X.2.1. Chi ph nhn cng
i ng qun l v nhn s d kin ca d n gm 20 ngi, trong :
Qun l: 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim qun l ton b cc cng vic chung ca d n.
Trng tri gia sc: 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim qun l cc cng vic t chm sc n xut bn gia sc ca trang tri
chn nui.
Qun l vn dc liu: 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim cng tc chm sc, kinh doanh cy dc liu
Bc s th y: 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim cng tc phng nga v cha bnh cho gia sc.
Lao ng ph thng: 25 ngi
Chi ph nhn cng hng nm bao gm lng ca cn b cng nhn vin, ph cp v cc
khon chi ph BHXH,BHYT, tr cp khc Mc tng lng hng nm l 7%/nm. Chi ph
BHXH, BHYT chim 21% chi ph lng theo b lut lao ng Vit Nam.Chi ph lng nhn vin
c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Bng mc lng nhn vin
VT: 1,000 ng
Chc v
Nm 1
1
1
1
1
25
29
Qun l
Trng tri gia sc
Qun l vn dc liu
Bc s th y
Lao ng ph thng
Tng
Chi ph lng nhn vin hng nm c th hin qua bng sau:

Bng: Chi ph lng nhn vin hng nm
Nm
2,014
1
2,015
2
2,016
3
Mc lng
VT: 1000 ng
2,017
2,018,..
4
5,..
Mc tng lng
Qun l
Nhn vin c chuyn
mn
Bc s th y
Lao ng ph thng
TNG LNG
BHYT,BHXH (21%)
62
X.2.2. Chi ph hot ng

Chi ph hot ng bao gm chi ph hot ng bao gm: Chi ph thc n, chi ph thuc +
vacxin, Chi ph lng nhn vin, chi ph bo him v phc li cho nhn vin, chi ph in, chi ph
in nc, chi ph bo tr thit b dng c v cc chi ph khc.
Chi ph thc n + thuc
Chi ph thc n c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Bng chi ph thc n v thuc
VT: 1000 ng
Hng mc
S lng thc
n kg/ngy
n gi thc
n (ng)
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
9
9
9
9
3
1
1.5
9
9
9
1
1.5
5
5
D
D ci ging
D c ging
D ci (nui 90 ngy)
D tht (nui 240 ngy)
B
B ging
B ci (nui 1 nm)
B tht (nui 18 thng)
Heo
Heo ging
Heo tht (nui 6 thng)
Thuc/con/la
(ng)
Hng nm, Gia sc phi c tim v phng nga cc vacxin dch t, t huyt trng, ph
thng hn v l mm long mng.
Chi ph phn bn trng cy ng dc:
Tnh ton chung cho din tch 88,010 m2 cy dc liu, trung bnh s lng phn bn trn
1 ha cy ng dc c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Chi ph phn bn cy ng dc
VT: 1000 ng
Loi phn
+ Ur
+ Phn Kali
+ NPK 16
+ Phn super ln
+ Phn chu ng
TNG
n v
Khi
lng
n gi
Thnh tin
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
63
Chi ph in:
Lng in tnh ton cho nhu cu sinh hot, ti tiu v thp sng cho gia sc trong trang
tri c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Chi ph in dng cho trang tri
Hng mc
in sinh hot
in cho ti tiu
in cho b
Tng Lng in tiu thu
Mc tng gia i n
Gi in
S lng
Lng in tiu th
0.3
Kw/ngi/ngy m
15
Kw/ha/ln ti
0.014
kw/con/ngy m
ng/kw
Gi in c tnh ton theo gi in sinh hot theo quy nh ca nh nc.

Chi ph bo him, phc li cho nhn vin: chim khong 21% chi ph lng nhn vin.
Chi ph bo tr my mc thit b: hng nm chim 1% doanh thu hng nm.
Chi ph khc: chim 1% doanh thu hng nm ca d n.
Chi ph x l cht thi: chim 1% doanh thu hng nm ca d n.
Chi ph hot ng ca d n c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Chi ph hot ng ca d n
NM
HNG MC
Chi ph lng nhn vin
Chi ph BHYT,BHXH
Chi ph in
Chi ph thc n + thuc
Chi ph phn bn cho dc
liu
Chi ph m ging
Chi ph bo tr thit b
Chi ph x l cht thi
Chi ph khc
TNG CNG
2013
1
2014
2
2015
3
VT: 1000 ng
2016
4
2017
5
VII.3. Tnh ton doanh thu

VII.3.1. Doanh thu t hot ng kinh doanh cy dc liu
Theo nghin cu quy trnh chm sc v thu hoch cy dc liu trn din tch gieo trng v
kho st gi c th trng hin nay, nng sut/ha cy dc liu cc loai, s v/nm v n gi bn
ra ti vn th hin qua bng sau:
64
Bng: Nng sut v n gi bn cy dc liu

Loi cy
Din tch gieo

trng
( m2)
Nng sut
(kg)/ v/ ha
S v/
nm
n gi
(ngn
ng/kg)
Thnh tin
(ngn
ng)
Thu hoch
Ba kch
Bch ch
Bch trut
C ngt
Dip h chu
inh lng
trng
c hot
ng quy
H kh Tho
H Th
Hoi sn
Kim ngn
Kim tin tho
Ngu tt
Tht dip nht
chi hoa
Thc a
Trinh n hong
cung
X en
Xuyn khung
(Doanh thu hng nm ca t hot ng kinh doanh cy dc liu th hin chi tit trong bng ph
lc ca d n)
VII.3.2. Doanh thu t hot ng ca trang tri chn nui kt hp
Doanh thu t hot ng ca trang tri bao gm doanh thu t hot ng chn nui ly tht
cc loi gia sc d, b, heo.
Bng: trng lng v n gi bn gia sc
Loi gia sc
Trng lng
TB (kg)
n gi
(ngn ng)
n v
D
+ D ging
+ D tht
+ D thanh l
65
B
+ B tht
+ B ging
+ B thanh l
Heo
+ Heo tht
+ Heo thanh l
(Chi tit doanh thu t hot ng ca trang tri c th hin chi tit bng ph lc ca d n)
VII.4. Hiu qu kinh t ti chnh ca d n
VII.4.1 Bo co thu nhp
Bng: Bo co thu nhp
Nm
2013
1
2014
2
VT: 1000 ng
2015
3
2016
4
2017
5
Doanh thu
Chi ph hot ng
Chi ph li vay
Chi ph khu hao
Chi ph thu t
Li nhun trc thu
Thu TNDN (25%)
Li nhun sau thu
Sau thi gian tin hnh u t xy dng v i vo hot ng, d n bt u c li nhun t

nm th 2. Trong nm hot ng u tin , do tnh cht ca d n, i vi trng cy dc liu, c
mt s loi cy dc liu sau mt nm mi c th thu hoch v cho nng sut, i vi trang tri
chn nui kt hp cng tng t, sau mt nm mi bt u c li nhun. T nm 2 tr i, d n
bt u i vo hot ng n nh v cho li nhun tng dn.
Tng doanh thu ca d n: 155,113,733,000 ng
Li nhun trc thu: 60,610,914,000 ng.
Thu TNDN: 15,564,621 ,000 ng.
Li nhun sau thu: 45,046,320,000 ng.
66
VII.4.2 Bo co ngn lu
Phn tch hiu qu d n u t hot ng trong 12 nm, vi:
Chi ph s dng vn re = 18%
Li sut vay vn ngn hng rd = 12%
Sut chit khu WACC = 16.5 % c tnh theo gi tr trung bnh c trng s chi ph s
dng vn cc ngun vn.
Bng: bo co ngn lu d n
Nm
NGN LU VO
Doanh thu
Thay i khoan phai
thu
Thanh l vt nui
Tng ngn lu vo
NGN LU RA
Chi ph u t ban u
Chi ph hot ng
Chi ph thu t
Thay i khoan phai
tr
Thay i s d ti n
m t
Tng ngn lu ra
Ngn lu rng trc
thu
Thu TNDN
Ngn lu rng sau
thu
H s chit khu
Hin gi ngn lu rng
Hin gi tch lu
2012
0
2013
1
2014
2
2015
3
VT: 1000 ng
2016
2017,..
4
5,..
67
Bng: Cc ch tiu nh gi hiu qu ca d n

Ch tiu
TT
1
Tng mc u t
Gi tr hin ti thun NPV
T sut hon vn ni b IRR (%)
Thi gian hon vn

nh gi
36.98 %
4 nm 10 thng
Hiu qu
Vng i hot ng ca d n l 12 nm t nm 2013 n 2024 (khng tnh nm xy

dng), thanh l ti sn vo nm 2025.
Dng tin thu vo bao gm: tng doanh thu hng nm; gi tr thanh l ti sn, chnh lch
khon phi thu
Dng tin chi ra gm: cc khon chi u t ban u nh xy lp, chi ph thu t; mua sm
MMTB; chi ph hot ng hng nm (khng bao gm chi ph khu hao); chnh lch khon phi tr
v chnh lch qu mt, tin thu np cho ngn sch Nh Nc.
Da vo kt qu ngn lu vo v ngn lu ra, ta tnh c cc ch s ti chnh, v kt qu
cho thy:
Hin gi thu nhp thun ca d n l :NPV = 12,428,147,000 ng >0
Sut sinh li ni ti l: IRR = 36.98 %> WACC
Thi gian hon vn tnh l 4 nm 10 thng (khng bao gm thi gian xy dng)
D n c sut sinh li ni b v hiu qu u t kh cao.

Qua qu trnh hoch nh, phn tch v tnh ton cc ch s ti chnh trn cho thy d n
mang li li nhun cao cho ch u t, sut sinh li ni b cng cao hn s k vng ca nh u
t, v kh nng thu hi vn nhanh.
VII.5. nh gi hiu qu kinh t - x hi ca d n
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c nhiu tc ng tch cc n
s pht trin kinh t x hi. ng gp vo s tng trng ca nn kinh t quc dn ni chung v
ca khu vc ni ring. Nh nc v a phng c ngun thu ngn sch t thu, to ra cng n
vic lm cho lao ng a phng, to thu nhp cho ch u t v nim tin vo kh nng thanh
ton n vay cho ngn hng.
D n mang li thu nhp cho ch u t, phc v tt cho cng tc cung cp ngun dc
liu lm thuc cha bnh cho ngi dn v bo v sc khe cng ng.
Bn cnh , Trng cy dc liu theo tiu chun cn lm gia tng gi tr cho cy dc
liu, gp phn bo tn cc cy thuc qu him, trnh khai thc tn dit v bo v mi trng.
68
CHNG XI: KT LUN V KIN NGH

XI.1. Kt lun
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc khng nhng mang li hiu qu
kinh t cho Cng ty m y cn l d n nm trong chin lc chung tay cng cng ng gii
quyt cc vn x hi nh vn to vic lm, tng thu nhp cho ngi nng dn, hn ch ti a
tnh trng khai thc dc liu ba bi ng thi gp phn ln ting bo v mi trng vi cc m
hnh trng dc liu sch.
Ring v mt ti chnh c nh gi rt kh thi thng qua k hoch vay vn s dng vn,
chi ph u t, chi ph hot ng v ngun doanh thu c cn c da vo phn tch iu kin kinh t
tnh hnh th trng trong nc.
XI.2. Kin ngh
Cn c kt qu nghin cu v phn tch, trng v sn xut dc liu, chn nui gia sc l
mt ngh c hiu qu kinh t cao, gp phn to vic lm, tng thu nhp, nng cao i sng cho
nng dn. Bn cnh , d n nhm kch thch v thu ht ngi tiu dng s dng sn phm tht
v sa ti c ngun gc t nhin chm sc sc khe con ngi. Do vy chng ti xin c
kin ngh mt s kin sau:
+ To iu kin thun li giao t, thu t theo quy nh ca php lut v t ai, c u
i cao nht v thu tin s dng t v thi gian s dng t to c hi cho n b c thc n
th mt cch ch ng v cht lng. V yu t t ai cn l nhn t quan trng quyt nh n
nng sut tht cng nh sa ca n b, cng l ng lc thc y n b pht trin.
+ Cc c quan cn hng dn r nhng qui nh php lut, trnh t, th tc cp pht, thanh
quyt ton ngun kinh ph h tr nhm to iu kin cho d n c trin khai trong thi gian
sm nht.
+ u i v kinh ph vay vn, con ging v ngun tiu th sn phm vi gi thnh hp l.
Bn cnh , Nh nc h tr chnh sch bo him sn xut vt nui khc phc ri ro v thin
tai, dch bnh, gi c.
D n ny c lin quan mt thit n s pht trin ca Cng ty TNHH chng ti, knh
ngh cc cp c thm quyn sm xem xt ph duyt d n chng ti tin hnh trin khai cc
bc tip theo.
Ha Bnh, ngy thng nm 2012
CH U T
CNG TY TNHH
69

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CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

Ha Bnh - Thng 11 nm 2012

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

Ha Bnh - Thng 11 nm 2012

VI.4. Gii php k thut ............................................................................................... 38

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l cht lng

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

Quyt nh s 24/2007/Q-BKHCN ngy 28 thng 9 nm 2007 ca B Khoa hc v Cng

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

CHNG II: BI CNH V CN C CA D N

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

V mt pht trin dc liu v cc sn phm t dc liu, nhng nm qua chng ta t

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

Hnh: V tr tnh Ha Bnh

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

CHNG III: A IM XY DNG

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

CHNG IV: QUY M D N TIN THC HIN

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

IV.3. Tin thc hin d n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

CHNG V: GII PHP THC HIN D N

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Cha lit dng, di tinh,

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

Cha c th suy nhc,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Dng sng: tr c hng

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

Cha suy nhc c th,

Tiu c, h nhit, cha

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Cha st, rn c cn, ho

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

Cha si thn, si ti mt,

Thuc b thn, gn ct,

B mu, tr thn kinh suy

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

Cha phong thp, thn

Cha sng v, lao hch,

Rhizoma Ligustici Tinh du,

iu kinh, cha nhc u,

Cha suy gan, vim gan

V.1.2. Quy trnh thc hin

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC

D N TRNG CY DC LIU KT HP CHN NUI TH GIA SC