Cac Chuyen de Hay Trong Excel 2007-2010 - Mung SN GPE 7

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Li ni u .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Ni dung ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel .......................................................... 11
1. Virus Macro trong Excel ............................................................................................................................. 12 2. S dng cc chng trnh dit virus ............................................................................................................ 12 3. Xa Virus Macro th cng .......................................................................................................................... 15 4. X l cc tp tin b phnh to bt thng ...................................................................................................... 19 4.1. Xa cc Name rc, Name rc n ................................................................................................... 20 4.2. G b nhng nh dng tha ......................................................................................................... 20 4.3. G b v ci li d n VBA .......................................................................................................... 21 4.4. Lm sch cc sheet ........................................................................................................................ 21 4.5. Xa b cc Style rc ...................................................................................................................... 22 4.6. Xa b cc Shape trong Sheet ....................................................................................................... 23 4.7. i ui tp tin xls sang kiu nh dng ring.............................................................................. 24
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5. Chuyn i font TCVN sang UNICODE .................................................................................................... 26 6. Sa cha tp tin Excel b li ........................................................................................................................ 28 6.1. Sa cha mt tp tin b li bng phng php th cng .............................................................. 28 6.2. Phc hi d liu t mt tp tin b li............................................................................................. 29 6.3. S dng phn mm phc hi d liu ........................................................................................ 33 7. n cc hng v ct trong Excel ................................................................................................................... 34 8. Di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh ................................................................................................................ 36 8.1. S dng hp Name Box ................................................................................................................ 36 8.2. S dng lnh Go To ...................................................................................................................... 36 8.3. S dng lnh Go To Special.......................................................................................................... 37 9. Cc phm tt trong Excel .............................................................................................................................. 38 9.1. Cc phm chc nng ...................................................................................................................... 38 9.2. S dng phm tt cho nhp d liu................................................................................................ 39
ng dng macro trong vic s dng hm t to ............................................................................. 41

1. Cc dng ui ca tp tin Excel 2007 ......................................................................................................... 42 2. Lm vic vi tp tin cha macro ................................................................................................................. 43 3. To UDF trong Excel .................................................................................................................................. 45 3.1. Cch xy dng UDF ...................................................................................................................... 45 3.2. To v s dng hm t lp trong Add-Ins .................................................................................... 48
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S dng chc nng Data Validation trong qun l nhp liu ..................................................... 52
1. t vn .................................................................................................................................................... 53 2. Chc nng Settings ...................................................................................................................................... 54 2.1. Whole number ............................................................................................................................... 54 2.2. Decimal.......................................................................................................................................... 56 2.3. List ................................................................................................................................................. 57 2.4. Date................................................................................................................................................ 59 2.5. Text length ..................................................................................................................................... 59 3. Chc nng input message ............................................................................................................................. 60 4. Chc nng Error Alert .................................................................................................................................. 60 5. V d v ng dng Data Validation .............................................................................................................. 62 5.1. Nhp s thp phn tng dn theo 1 ct.......................................................................................... 62 5.2. To danh sch tham chiu ph thuc ............................................................................................ 63 5.3. Pht hin nhp trng d liu: ........................................................................................................ 64
Xy dng v lm vic vi i tng Table trong Excel 2007 ...................................................... 66

1. Khi nim v Table....................................................................................................................................... 67 1.1. Thnh phn ca Table ................................................................................................................... 67 1.2. Chuyn i mt khi thnh Table .............................................................................................. 68 2. Cc chc nng c bit ca Table ................................................................................................................ 70 2.1. Tch hp Filter v chc nng Sort ................................................................................................. 71
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2.2. T ng m rng Table ................................................................................................................. 71 2.3. T ng nh dng trong Table ..................................................................................................... 71 2.4. T ng cp nht cng thc trong mt Field ................................................................................ 71 2.5. T ng bt tt chc nng Filter ................................................................................................... 72 3. Cc thao tc c bn trong Table ................................................................................................................... 72 3.1. Chn mt Record (bn ghi) ........................................................................................................... 72 3.2. Chn mt Field (ct) ..................................................................................................................... 72 3.3. Chn ton b Table ....................................................................................................................... 73 3.4. Thm mt Record mi vo cui mt Table .................................................................................. 73 3.5. Thm mt Record mi vo ni no trong Table ...................................................................... 73 3.6. Thm mt Field (ct) mi vo ni no trong Table ................................................................. 73 3.7. Thm mt Field mi bn phi Table ............................................................................................. 74 3.8. Xa mt Record (dng) ................................................................................................................. 74 3.9. Xa mt Field (ct) ....................................................................................................................... 74 3.10. Thay i kch thc Table .......................................................................................................... 74 3.11. i tn (Name) mt Table........................................................................................................... 74 3.12. Xa Record (dng) trng trong Table ......................................................................................... 75 3.13. Chuyn Table thnh khi thng thng ................................................................................... 75 4. Cc kiu ty chn trong Table...................................................................................................................... 75 4.1. Bt (tt) Field Name bng Header Row ........................................................................................ 75
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4.2. Hin th Total Row ........................................................................................................................ 76 4.3. Banded Rows ................................................................................................................................. 76 4.4. First Column .................................................................................................................................. 77 4.5. Last Column .................................................................................................................................. 77 4.6. Banded Columns ........................................................................................................................... 77 5. Nhng lu khi to Table ............................................................................................................................ 77 6. Sp xp d liu (Sort) ................................................................................................................................... 78 6.1. Sp xp nhanh................................................................................................................................ 78 6.2. Sp xp theo nhiu tiu ch............................................................................................................ 80 6.3. Sp xp theo nh dng mu trong ............................................................................................. 81 7. Lc d liu trong Table ................................................................................................................................ 82 7.1. S dng Filter lc nhanh d liu trong Table........................................................................... 82 7.2. S dng b lc chi tit ................................................................................................................... 84 7.3. G b nhng iu kin lc ............................................................................................................ 86 8. S dng hm v cng thc trong Table........................................................................................................ 86 9. Lp trnh VBA trong Table .......................................................................................................................... 88 9.1. To Table ....................................................................................................................................... 88 9.2. Thay i Style ca Table ............................................................................................................... 88 9.3. Danh sch cc Table trong Sheet .................................................................................................. 89 9.4. Chn v thao tc vi tng thnh phn trong Table ....................................................................... 90
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9.5. Sp xp v lc d liu trong Table ................................................................................................ 92 10. Kt lun....................................................................................................................................................... 94
S dng cc iu khin nng cao Control trong excel ................................................................... 95

1. Gii thiu chung v Controls........................................................................................................................ 96 1.1. Form Controls................................................................................................................................ 96 1.2. ActiveX Controls ........................................................................................................................... 98 2. S dng Form Controls trn bng tnh ......................................................................................................... 98 2.1. Cc iu khin trong Form Controls ............................................................................................. 98 2.2. Cch xy dng v m t cc Form Controls ............................................................................... 100 2.3. Cc thuc tnh chung ca iu khin .......................................................................................... 101 2.4. Thuc tnh Control ...................................................................................................................... 103 2.5. Lin kt v iu khin bng tnh t cc Control ......................................................................... 106 3. S dng Activex Control trn bng tnh..................................................................................................... 108 3.1. Cc iu khin trong ActiveX Controls ...................................................................................... 108 3.2. Thuc tnh Properties .................................................................................................................. 109 4. Kt lun ....................................................................................................................................................... 114
Ti liu tham kho ........................................................................................................................................................ 115
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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel
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Chuyn ny cp n mt s vn thng gp phi trong qu trnh lm vic vi Excel. V d nh vn virus macro, tp tin Excel phnh to bt thng, li tp tin Excel,... Nhng vn ny cn tr qu trnh lm vic bnh thng trong Excel. C mt s trng hp c th gy mt d liu v ri lon s lm vic trong qu trnh lm vic vi Excel... Ngoi ra, ni dung ny cn hng dn mt s k nng lm vic vi Excel sao cho t hiu qu nhanh nht. y l nhng kin thc ti tng hp t kinh nghim khi lm vic, kin thc t cc cao th trong GPE v cc din n khc... Hy vng ni dung di y s hu ch cho nhng ai thng xuyn lm vic vi Excel v lun c c s an ton v hiu qu khi lm vic vi chng!
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Khi lm vic vi Excel, cc tp tin c th nhim virus v c s ly lan. C hai loi virus macro, chng c xy dng trong VBA Project v trn bng tnh. Nhng ph bin nht l virus macro4 vit trn bng tnh. Cc loi virus ny gy cc phin toi nh khng cho lu tp tin, lu v to mi lin tip cc workbook, lm chm hay ri lon qu trnh tnh ton, to tp tin phnh to bt thng... Vic qut v khi phc tp tin nh c thng khng n gin v mt nhiu cng sc! Cc Object v Name rc do chng to ra c th lm tp tin phnh to gp 10 n hn 100 ln! C ch loi virus ny l chui vo th mc cha tp tin khi ng ca Excel. Sau ly lan sang cc bng tnh di dng cc sheet n v siu n. Cc s kin khi lm vic vi tp tin nh ng, m, lu tp tin... l nguyn nhn gy ra s hot ng ca virus. Bnh thng nu khng th chng ta khng pht hin c. Tp tin Excel c ui xls, xlsm, xlam... u c kh nng cha virus macro v chng c thit k cho cc d n VBA..
Cng vi s bng n virus my tnh, cc phn mm dit virus cng pht trin theo. Ch ni ring trong nc c phn mm BKAV, D32, CMC Internet Security,... Phn ln cc chng trnh dit virus trn cha phn bit c virus thng thng v macro hu dng. So vi phin bn trc , BKAV 2011 (do ti khng s dng nn khng c cp nht mi) c nhng tin b vt bc v cht lng cng nh kh nng pht hin v dit virus tt hn, c bit l virus c xut x t Vit Nam. y cng l phn mm c ngi tiu dng Vit Nam s dng nhiu nht hin nay. Cn D32 c kh nng pht hin macro, nhng cha phn loi c macro cha m c. Khi s dng cc phn mm ny, nu khng cn thn c th cc chng trnh qut virus ny s xo b ton b macro m chng ta mt cng xy dng.
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cc macro an ton khi s dng chng trnh BKAV 2011, tuyt i khng chn mc Xo tt c Macro trong Cu hnh qut (hnh 1.1), ngoi ra khng chn mc Dit khng cn hi phng trng hp qut nhm. Theo ch dn ca BKAV, nu macro b xo nhm, chng ta c th phc hi bng chc nng Sao lu trc khi dit di. Hin nay c nhiu cng c h tr dit loi virus ny. BKAV cng cho ra i cng c Bkav Anti-MacroVirus (hnh 1.2). Nhng cho n thi im ny, cng c trn lm vic cha hiu qu. Bkav Anti-MacroVirus cha xo hon ton Name rc, Name rc n. Chng ta c th s dng cng c Virus Macro Warning trong www.bluesofts.net dit virus macro4 v xo Name rc.
Hinh 1.1 Cu hnh qut trong BKAV 2011
Ngoi ra, chng ta d dng dit loi virus ny mt cch th cng khi bit c ch ly lan cng nh ch hot ng ca chng. Cng vic ny i hi ngi s dng c kin thc tng i vng vng v Excel. Khi m mt tp tin, hy thn trng khi chng trnh dit virus thng bo tp tin Excel nhim virus! Khi , c hai tnh hung sau: Tnh hung 1: tp tin cha virus thc s. Tnh hung 2: chng trnh dit virus nhm tng d n VBA (cha cc macro) l virus nn a ra cnh bo. Khi , nn tm dng qut virus v kim tra li tp tin . Nn thit lp
ThS Ph n T H ng Hinh 1.2 Cng c Bkav Anti-Macro Virus
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ch Security l Disable all macros with notification khi m tp tin, Excel s thng bo nu pht hin macro v kim sot chng (hnh 1.3). Nu tp tin khng cha macro (hay d n VBA) m xut hin cnh bo nh hnh 1.3, chc chc chng b nhim virus macro. Hy lu li tp tin bng ui xlsx loi b virus macro (y l cch n gin nht nu s dng Excel 2007 tr ln), ng thi xa b tp tin gc. Trong trng hp khng pht hin iu g bt thng, th kh nng pht hin nhm virus l rt cao! Nn qut li tp tin bng phn mm dit virus xem kt qu th no? Nu chng trnh dit Hinh 1.3 Cnh bo v an ton v nt Option virus vn cnh bo v khng cho m hoc xo hn tp tin ny th c th tp tin Excel b nhim virus theo dng khc. Khi cn gi mu virus ny cho nh vit phn mm dit virus. Trong trng hp virus c xa, tp tin ca chng ta vn an ton v hot ng bnh thng, c ngha l phn mm dit virus lm vic tt! Chng trnh dit virus nh Symantec Anti Virus hay AVG Antivirus c kh nng phn bit virus macro v d n VBA. Nu tp tin Excel c c virus macro v d n VBA, cc chng trnh s qut sch virus macro, cn d n VBA ca chng ta vn an ton. Tuy nhin, mt s phn mm dit virus trn vn khng th xo Name rc, Name rc n, Style rc nh ni trn. Thm ch khi tp tin an ton v ch cn Name rc, Name rc n nhng vn khng cho php m tp tin , c trng hp b xo mt (v d nh phn mm AVG Antivirus). Ni tm li, cn la chn chng trnh dit virus ph hp khi chng ta thng xuyn s dng VBA trong cng vic.
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Khi nghi ng tp tin Excel b virus, chng ta c th kim tra v khc phc bng phng php th cng trc khi s dng n phn mm dit virus. Cn khng nh l virus macro (ngoi tr macro4) ch hot ng trong tp tin c ui xls, xlsm, xlam. Tuy xa virus th cng hi mt cng mt cht nhng gip chng ta tng cng k nng s dng Excel. Cc bc thc hin sau: Bc 1: Khi m mt tp tin, nu c nghi ng b virus th tuyt i khng m tp tin khc phng ly lan. ng tp tin nghi ng v c phn mm Excel. Sau kim tra th mc khi ng Excel 2007 theo ng dn trong Window nh sau:
C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Excel\XLSTART, hoc: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\OfficeXXX\XLSTART
Trong , xxx l tn Admin (ngi iu khin chnh my tnh), ph thuc vo tng my; XXX l s phin bn Office, Office 2007 l s 12. Chng ta xa sch cc tp tin l c sn c trong v l khi ngun ca s ly nhim. Hnh 1.4 l tp tin StartUp.xls cha virus nm trong th mc khi ng ca Excel 2003. y l nguyn nhn gy ly lan virus v Excel ly tp tin lm c s xy dng bng tnh ban u khi khi ng Excel. Nu khng tm thy cc ng dn trn th do Window thit lp ch n th mc (hidden). u tin m Windows Explorer v vo menu Tools, chn Folder options... (hnh 1.5). Trong ca s Folder Options chn tab View, nh du vo Show hidden files, folders and drives.
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Hinh 1.4 Tp tin cha virus ci trong th mc khi ng trong Excel 2003
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Hinh 1.5 Thit lp ch hin th cc th mc n trong Windows Explorer
Hinh 1.6 Ca s Macro cha cc macro
Bc 2: M Excel, thit lp Security trong Excel l Disable all macros with notification pht hin v v hiu ha macro. Chn tab Developer Code Macros. Ca s Macro hin ra, chng ta kim tra xem c macro no l trong danh sch Macro name: khng? c trng ca virus macro l c ngun gc nc ngoi nn c th phn bit vi cc macro do ngi Vit vit nh tn ca macro ! Vn ny i hi ngi s dng c kin thc v macro v VBA th mi c th xa cc virus c xy dng bng ngn ng VBA.
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Tip theo chng ta kim tra xem c Name no c bit khng? Bng cch vo Formulas Name Manager (hoc bm Ctr+F3), kim tra xem ca s Name Manager c Name no l v b li khng? Nu c th chc chn tp tin b dnh virus (hnh 1.8)! Excel 2007 cho php chng ta lc Name b li (rc) xa nh chc nng Filter. Bc 3: Nu ngun gc tp tin m m th chng ta nn Hinh 1.7 Ca s Microsoft Visual Basic cha cc macro kim tra cn thn (tt nht l qut li bng cc phn mm dit virus), v tp tin c th cha virus! Trng hp tp tin chng ta ang lm vic khng cha macro th th tt nht hy lu li tn c ui xlsx (dng tp tin mi ch cha bng tnh ca Excel t phin bn 2007 tr ln ) v xa tp tin c. Trong trng hp tp tin ca chng ta va c virus macro va c macro phc v cng vic th lm sao? Trc ht kim tra xem trong tp tin c sheet no b n hoc siu n khng? u tin, chng ta di chuyn chut n tn sheet v bm phi chut? Sheet no b n th menu Unhide... c tc dng (hnh 1.9a). Hy cho hin ton b cc sheet b n v kim tra tra xem c sheet no bt bnh thng khng? Hnh 1.9b v 1.10 l mt sheet n cha virus macro4 (code vit trn nn bng tnh). Cch n gin dit virus macro4 ny l xa b cc sheet ny bng menu Delete (hnh 1.9a).
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Hinh 1.8 Name rc do virus to ra www.giaiphapexcel.com
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(a)
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Hnh 1.9 Cch lm hin sheet b n trong Excel
Tinh vi hn l cc sheet cha macro4 b siu n, chng ta khng th pht hin bng phng php trn. Khi , bm Alt+F11 m ca s Microsoft Visual Basic (hnh 1.11). Hy d tm trong ca s Project - VBAProject cc sheet no khng hin ra trong bng tnh. l sheet b siu n, thuc tnh Visible lc c thit lp l: 2 - xlSheetVeryHidden, hy thit lp li l: -1 xlSheetVisible. Khi sheet s hin ra trn bng tnh, chng ta ch cn xa b ging nh hnh 1.9a. Ngoi ra, chng ta c th s dng th tc (Sub) di hin ton b sheet b siu n. s dng th tc th i hi bn phi c hiu bit nht nh v VBA hay macro trong Excel. Chng ta tm hiu v cch chy th tc y:
Hnh 1.10 Sheet b n cha cc virus macro4 ThS Ph n T H ng
Hinh 1.11 Cc lm hin b siu n trong ca s Microsoft Visual Basic www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Sub ShowWorkSheets() Dim WSh As Worksheet For Each WSh In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets If WSh.Visible = xlSheetVeryHidden Then WSh.Visible = xlSheetVisible End If Next Set WSh = Nothing End Sub
Bc 4: ng tp tin v thot khi Excel. Tip theo tip tc kim tra li ng dn th mc khi ng Excel c tp tin no l khng (ging bc 1)? Nu c tp tin l th xa i. l nhng bc dit virus macro mt cch th cng nhng t hiu qu cao. Nhng ngi c kinh nghim v Excel v VBA thng s dng phng php ny dit virus macro, tuy nhin cch ny ch thc hin vi s lng tp tin hn ch hay tp tin b nghi ng c virus.
Chng ta ang lm vic vi 1 tp tin mt cch bnh thng, Hinh 1.12 Thng bo v Name b li khi m tp tin n mt ngy no tp tin bng b phnh ra nhiu ln, cc thao tc chm ch... Hay trng hp m mt tp tin m hin ln thng bo Name b li nh hnh 1.12, kh nng nhng tp tin b dnh virus l cao! Hy s dng cc cch trong mc 1, 2 v 3 xc nh xem tp tin b virus khng? Khi loi b virus, chng ta lm th no khi phc tp tin li nh ban u v tp tin tng nhim virus thng tr nn rt nng? Nguyn nhn l do virus to mt rng Name rc, Name rc n, Style rc, Object n... lm dung lng tp tin tng ln, gy ri lon qu trnh lm vic. Nhng tp tin b Name rc n, Style rc, Object n... thng c dung lng ln bt thng, khi b nn thnh ui .rar s thu li rt nh. cng l c s pht hin tp tin c vn !
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Thng thng cc tp tin Excel tng b virus thng cha nhiu Name rc, gy nng tp tin v kh khn trong vic qun l Name. xo Name rc, chng ta vo Formulas Name Manager. Khi ton b Name hin ra trong ca s Name Manager (hnh 1.8). Nu chc chn rng Name khng phi do ngi s dng xy dng, c th chn ton b ri xo (bng cch chn Name u tin ri bm Ctrl+Shift+End chn ton b, sau bm nt Delete). Cch xo Name ny thc hin trong Excel 2007 v 2010, khc vi Excel 2003 ch cho php xo tng Name mt. Do , vic xo Name rc trong Excel 2003 rt mt cng v kh khn (virus khai thc yu t ny to Name rc). Vi Excel 2007, chng ta c th s dng chc nng Filter lc Name b li ri xa. Li dng Name c thuc tnh n (khng hin trong ca s Name Manager) nn nhng k vit virus cn thit lp thuc tnh n cho Name rc. Do , sau khi xo Name rc mt Sub XoaNameRac() cch th cng trong Name Manager, cn thit xo Dim NameRac As Name 'Khai bo bin i tng l Name Name rc n bng th tc sau:
On Error Resume Next 'Duyt qua tng Name trong tp hp Name ca Workbook ang lm vic For Each NameRac In ThisWorkbook.Names 'Nu pht hin Name n th xo (thng l do virus to ra)
Bc u tin l xc nh bng tay v mt cui If NameRac.Visible = False Then cng bn phi di, c cha d liu. Khng NameRac.Delete dng phm Ctrl + mi tn xung (hoc mi tn qua End If phi), cch ny s ch ti cui cng c nh Next dng, khng phi cui c d liu. Khi xc End Sub nh bng mt cui cha d liu, bm chn nguyn dng k di . Lc ny bm Ctrl + Shift + mi tn xung chn ton b nhng hng bn di vng c d liu. Sau dng lnh Clear All xo vng ny. Tng t, khi xc nh cui cha d liu xong, bm chn ct lin k bn phi, bm tip Ctrl + Shift + mi tn qua phi chn ton b ct bn phi. Sau , tip tc dng lnh Clear All xo vng ny.
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Chng ta g d n VBA ra ngoi file Excel. C mt cch thc hin nhanh, khng gy hi l Export tt c cc module v UserForm vo a cng. Bng cch bm chut phi vo tng module, chn Remove module (tn module). Khi thng bo hin ra, bm Yes v chn 1 th mc lu li. Tip tc thc hin vi tng UserForm. ng qun c nhng macro lu tr ring trong sheet hoc workbook. Khi xo xong, hy lu bng tnh li. Sau , cng trong ca s Microsoft Visual Basic, vo menu File/Import File v Import ht nhng module v UserForm va ri. Lm nh vy s ngn chn nhng th linh tinh m Macro mang theo, chng ta vn s dng UserForm v Macro bnh thng.
Hinh 1.13 Thit lp hin th i vi Shape, Object b n trong Excel 2007
Trong cc sheet c th tn ti nhng nh dng tha, nhng Style, nhng Shape, Object thy c v khng thy c (c khi ln n hng trm hoc hng ngn do virus to ra). Chng ta cn xa b chng. Vi Shape hoc Object b n, chng ta cn thit lp nh sau: Vi Excel 2003: Vo menu Tools/Options. Trong ca s Options chn tab View, bm Show all ti mc Objects. Vi Excel 2007: Bm vo nt Office button Excel Options. Trong ca s Excel Options chn tab Advanced, tm n dng For objects, show: v chn All (hnh 1.13). Sau tm cc v xo cc i tng tha trn (s dng chc nng Go To Special chn cc Object nh hnh 1.14).
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Hinh 1.14 S dng Go To Special tm v xa cc Object do virus to ra www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Cng ging nh vi Name, nhng tp tin Excel b virus c th ln ti hng trm Cell Style rc - sau y gi l Style rc (hnh 1.15). Nguyn nhn to Style rc cng c th do qu trnh sao chp hoc di chuyn sheet t tp tin ny sang tp tin khc. Li ny c Microsoft cp nht v sa cha, nhng nhng tp tin thng cha rt nhiu Style. Vic xa th cng rt mt cng sc, gn nh khng th lm c. Ngoi ra, nhiu Style b kha khng cho sa, khng cho xa. Th tc di y s gip xa cc Style rc mt cch nhanh chng:
Sub StyleKill() Dim CellStyle As Style On Error Resume Next Application.ScreenUpdating = False For Each CellStyle In ActiveWorkbook.Styles If Not CellStyle.BuiltIn Then CellStyle.Locked = False 'B kha nu Style b kha CellStyle.Delete End If Next CellStyle Application.ScreenUpdating = True Set CellStyle = Nothing End Sub Hinh 1.15 Style rc do virus to ra
Th tc trn khng xa b hon ton cc Style, nhng phn ln Style rc c xa b. Cc Style rc cn li c th xa trc tip bng phng php th cng.
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Nu chng ta thng tho v cu trc tp tin Excel 2007 th thc hin theo cch sau: i ui tp tin thnh *.zip. Cc tp tin gc phi c nh dng theo ui *.xlsx hoc *.xlsm (ch p dng cho Excel 2007 tr ln). Bm p chut vo tp tin v vo th mc xl (hnh 1.16). y chng ta s thy nhiu tp tin v th mc. Mt trong nhng tp tin ny l styles.xml, xa tp tin ny hoc sao chp ra bn ngoi tp tin *.zip lu li (nu sa thnh cng th xa i). To mi v lu mt tp tin Excel 2007 vi thng tin t nht (ch cha nhng Style mc nh ca Excel), hoc s dng tp tin an ton c (khng cha cc Style l, ngoi tr cc Style mc nh) v i ui thnh *.zip. Bm p vo n m th mc nn. Chuyn n th mc xl v sao chp tp tin styles.xml. Quay tr li tp tin b li Style , m th mc xl v dn tp tin styles.xml va ri vo. Thot khi cc th mc v i li tn tp tin ng theo gc (xlsx hoc xlsm).
Hinh 1.16 Ni dung bn trong th mc xl ca cu trc file *.xlsm (khi i ui thnh *.zip)
Cng vic va ri l sao chp v dn styles.xml ca tp tin mi vo tp tin c vn . Kt qu s loi b tt c cc Style rc ca tp tin b s c . Chng ta c th xem thm cc cch xa Style rc y. Ch : Cn to bn lu trc khi thc hin vic xa Style rc, phng mt nh dng do Style!
i tng Shape do virus trong sheet l nguyn nhn chnh gy n ng tp tin. Nu chc chn bng tnh khng s dng n Shape th s dng chc nng Go To Special v chn Objects chn ton b cc Shape cho virus to ra v bm Delete (xem mc 8.3). Hy thc hin vi ton b sheet trong tp tin.
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i tng Shape do virus to ra thng b n nn cn cho hin ra bng th tc sau:

Sub ShapesView() Dim Obj As Shape 'Khai bo bin i tng l Shape
For Each Obj In ActiveSheet.Shapes Obj.Visible = msoTrue Next Set Obj = Nothing End Sub 'Hin i tng b n
Sau th chn cc Shape theo cc cch trn xa, hoc xa t ng ton b cc Shape bng th tc nh nhau:
Sub ShapesDelete() Dim Obj As Shape For Each Obj In ActiveSheet.Shapes If Obj.Visible = msoFalse Then Obj.Delete 'Xa i tng Shape b n, do virus to ra End If Next Set Obj = Nothing End Sub
Th tc trn ch p dng cho tng Sheet, chng ta thc hin vi ton b cc Sheet trong Workbook.
T phin bn Excel 2003 tr v trc, ui xls c s dng chung cho tt c tp tin Excel, t bng tnh thng thng cho n cha d n VBA... T Excel 2007 tr i c nhiu kiu ui khc nhau, phc v a dng cc i tng lm vic trn Excel. u
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im l bng tnh c kch thc ln v dung lng gim ng k so vi s dng ui xls. Do , nn lm vic vi tp tin c th ca Excel 2007 va nh gn, va c kh nng hn ch s ly lan ca virus (hnh 1.17). Cc dng ui trong Excel 2007 nh sau: ui xlsx: Ch cha bng tnh, khng cho php cha macro. ui xlsm: Cho php cha macro trong bng tnh. ui xltm: Tp tin tm thi c cha macro. ui xlam: Tp tin dng Add-In c cha macro. ui xls: Tp tin dng c (Excel 97 - 2003). Ghi ch: Trong mt s trng hp, khi thc hin ton b cc thao trn nhng dung lng tp tin vn rt ln mc d d liu trong tp tin rt t. iu c ngha l tp tin khng cn virus, Name rc, Style hay Object n... Khi phi lm th no? Hinh 1.17 Thit lp kiu ui lu khi s dng Excel 2007 (2010) Cch x l n gin nht l chng ta lu li (Save As) tp tin vi theo cc dng khc nhau v tr v nh c hoc lu li vi ui ti u hn (mc 4.7). Vic i ui tp tin s xa b mt lot nh dng tha trong tp tin, tuy nhin mt s nh dng v ni dung trong bng tnh s khng hin th ng nu ang dng Excel 2007 m chuyn sang Excel 2003 (ngha l Excel 2003 khng c).
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Tp tin khng c d n VBA th thc hin nh sau: - Chuyn i ui xls xlsx xls (nu dng Excel 2003) xlsx (nu dng Excel 2007). - Chuyn i ui xlsx xls xlsx. Tp tin cha d n VBA (macro) th thc hin nh sau: - Chuyn i ui xls xlsm xls (nu dng Excel 2003) xlsm (nu dng Excel 2007). - Chuyn i ui xlsm xls xlsm. Phng php ny p dng thnh cng vi mt s tp tin ca thnh vin GPE gi ln nh h tr (c tp tin km theo chng ta thc hnh)
Nh chng ta bit, ting Vit tn ti nhiu bng m khc nhau nh TCVN, Unicode, VNI, Vietware,... Vic s dng bng m ph thuc thi quen vng min v thng khng ging nhau. i km vi bng m l cc font ch tng ng, v d nh TCVN th ba ch u l .Vn, VNI c 3 ch u l VNI,... Thng thng, Window tch hp sn font Unicode nh Arial, Times New Roman, Tahoma,... Font TCVN c tch hp trong bng m VietKey, cn font VNI th bt buc phi ci thm vo trong ng dn C:\Windows\Fonts. Cho n nay, vn cha c s thng nht v bng m, do vy s gy bt tin cho ngi s dng. Vi trng hp s dng Word, chng ta c th dng cng c Unikey chuyn i bng m theo mun. Cn vi Excel, c th s dng cc cng c tvexcel01 hoc hm t lp chuyn i. Di y l cc hm chuyn i bng m: Hm chuyn i TCVN sang Unicode: TCVNtoUNICODE - Hm chuyn i Vni sang Unicode: VniToUni
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Cc hm trn c xy dng sn, chng ta ch cn s dng trong th tc n gin ConvertFonttoUnicode nh bn di. Hy copy th tc bn di vo trong Module ca ca s Microsoft Visual Basic, sau bm F5 chy th tc.
Sub ConvertFonttoUnicode() Dim FontRange As Range, FontName As String FontName = "Time New Roman" 'Ty chn Font Unicode
Application.ScreenUpdating = False On Error Resume Next For Each FontRange In ActiveSheet.UsedRange With FontRange If UCase(Left(.Font.Name, 3)) = ".VN" Then .Value = TCVNtoUNICODE(.Text) .Font.Name = FontName ElseIf UCase(Left(.Font.Name, 3)) = VNI Then .Value = VNItoUni(.Text) .Font.Name = FontName .Font.Size = FontSize End If End With Next Application.ScreenUpdating = True Set FontRange = Nothing End Sub
th tc hon chnh hn, cn b sung thm code bin ch u dng thnh ch hoa. Ni dung cc hm chuyn i bng m trn y nm trong tp tin Chng 18.xlsm.
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Nhiu trng hp tp tin Excel ang lm vic tt th vo mt ngy no bng dng d chng! Chng ta c th gp li khng m tp tin c hoc thiu ni dung. Tc hi kh c th xc nh c, thm ch nh hng rt ln n cng vic! Khi m mt bng tnh b li, Excel s t ng bt u ch File Recovery v ng thi sa cha li . Excel c th khng phi lc no cng t ng bt u ch File Recovery. Nu tp tin khng th m c v b hng, chng ta c th sa cha bng phng php th cng. Chng ta c th th phng php khc phc hi d liu bng tnh khi cng vic sa cha khng thnh cng. Excel cho php lu bng tnh thng xuyn v to ra mt bn sao lu mi khi lu n (Back up). Hoc c th ch nh cho Excel t ng to ra mt tp tin phc hi trong khong thi gian c th. Bng cch ny, chng ta lun c mt bn sao tt ca bng tnh, nu bng tnh chng may b xa hoc b hng. Vi nhng tp tin quan trng, nn s dng chc nng ny!
Cc bc thc hin nh sau: 1. Bm nt Office Button v chn Open. 2. Trong hp thoi Open, chn tp tin b li mun m. 3. Bm mi tn cnh Open, sau chn Open and Repair. 4. Thc hin mt trong nhng iu sau y (hnh 1.18): - phc hi d liu tt nht, nhn Repair. - trch xut cc gi tr v cng thc t bng tnh khi sa cha bng tnh khng thnh cng, bm vo Extract Data.
ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com Hinh 1.18 M v sa li tp tin Excel
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Cc phng php di y c th gip chng ta cu d liu khi bng tnh b li. Nu khng thnh cng, chng ta th phng php khc nh s dng phn mm chuyn phc hi d liu mc 6.3. Trong trng hp a cha bng tnh b li, trc ht hy phc hi a trc khi phc hi bng tnh. 6.2.1. Vi tp tin c m trong Excel Khi phc bng tnh bn lu cui cng: Nu ang lm vic vi mt bng tnh v bng tnh b hng trc khi lu cc thay i, chng ta c th khi phc bng tnh bng cch quay tr li phin bn lu cui cng. phc hi bng tnh vi phin bn lu cui cng, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc nh sau: 1. Bm vo nt Office Button v chn Open (hoc nhn Ctrl+O). 2. Kch p chut vo tn ca tp tin m trong Excel. 3. Bm Yes m li bng tnh. Lu : Bng tnh s tr li trng thi phin bn lu cui cng. Bt k nhng thay i c th gy ra cc bng tnh b li c loi b. Lu bng tnh vi nh dng SYLK (Symbolic Link): Bng cch lu bng tnh vi nh dng SYLK, chng ta c th c th lc ra cc yu t b hng. Sau y l cc bc lu bng tnh vi nh dng SYLK:
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1. Bm nt Office Button v mi tn cnh Save As. 2. Trong danh sch Save as type, chn SYLK (Symbolic Link) v sau bm vo Save. Ch c sheet ang hot ng c lu dng SYLK. 3. Nu c thng bo rng loi tp tin c chn khng h tr bng tnh c cha nhiu sheet, bm OK lu sheet . 4. Nu c thng bo bng tnh c th c cc tnh nng khng tng thch vi cc nh dng SYLK, bm Yes. 5. Bm nt Office Button v chn Close (hoc nhn Ctrl+W). 6. Nu c thng bo nhc vic lu cc thay i, bm Yes. 7. Bm nt Office Button v chn Open (hoc nhn Ctrl+O). 8. Chn tp tin ui *.slk m chng ta lu, sau bm Open. hin th tp tin ui *.slk cho vic la chn, chng ta bm vo All Files hoc SYLK Files trong danh sch Files of type. 9. Bm nt Office Button v bm mi tn bn cnh Save As. 10. Trong hp Save as Type, bm vo Excel Workbook. 11. Trong hp File name, g tn mi cho bng tnh to ra mt bn sao m khng cn thay th bng tnh ban u, sau bm vo Save. Lu : Bi v nh dng ny ch lu li sheet hot ng trong bng tnh, chng ta phi m Excel b li v thc hin vi tng sheet.
ThS Ph n T H
ng
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6.2.2. Vi tp tin khng m c trong Excel phc hi d liu vi bng tnh khng th m trong Excel, chng ta thc hin theo mt trong nhng cch sau: Thit lp ch tnh ton trong Excel sang th cng: Khi m mt bng tnh b li, hy thay i thit lp tnh ton t t ng sang th cng. Bi v vi bng tnh khng c tnh ton, n c th c m ra. chuyn sang tnh ton th cng, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc nh sau: 1. Hy chc chn rng mt workbook trng mi m trong Excel. Nu mt workbook trng mi khng m, lm nh sau: - Bm vo nt Office Button v chn New (hoc nhn Ctrl+N). - Di New Blank, bm Blank document. 2. Bm vo nt Office Button v chn Excel Options. 3. Trong Formulas, vo Calculation options, chn Manual (hnh 1.19). Sau bm OK. 4. Bm vo nt Office Button, bm Open (hoc nhn Ctrl+O). 5. Chn tp tin b li, sau nhn Open v xem kt qu. Ch : Sau khi thc hin xong, nh phi thit lp li ch Automatic cho Calculation options. Nu khng, bng tnh s hot ng khng chnh xc.
ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com Hinh 1.19 Thit lp ch tnh ton th cng trong Excel
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S dng tham chiu bn ngoi lin kt n tp tin b li: Nu mun ly d liu ch (khng phi l cng thc hoc cc gi tr) t bng tnh b li, chng ta s dng tham chiu bn ngoi lin kt n bng tnh . Cc bc thc hin nh sau: 1. Bm vo nt Office Button v chn Open (hoc nhn Ctrl+O). 2. Trong ca s Look in tm ti th mc cha tp tin b li v bm Cancel ng ca s Open. 3. Bm vo nt Office Button v chn New (hoc nhn Ctrl+N). 4. Trong mc Blank and recent, chn Blank Workbook v bm Create (hnh 1.20).
Hinh 1.20 To Blank Workbook
5. Trong A1 ca workbook mi, g = Tn file!A1. Trong , Tn file l tn tp tin b li (khng cn g phn ui). Sau bm Enter. 6. Nu tp tin li khng cng th mc, Excel s hin th hp thoi Update Values: v tn tp tin b li. Hy s dng bng iu khin Look In xc nh tp tin b li v bm OK. 7. Nu hp thoi Select Sheet xut hin (hnh 1.21), hy chn sheet ph hp v bm OK. Excel hin th Hinh 1.21 Chn sheet khi phc v gi tr ti A1 gi tr ti tng ng A1 ca tp tin li. Trong trng hp gi tr ti bo li #NAME! th cn sa li tn cng thc cho ng, v Excel khng chp nhn khong trng gia 2 k t (hnh 1.22).
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8. Chn A1 v ko ngang qua cc hng v cc ct cn khi phc d liu. Nu Excel hin th hp thoi Update Values: v tn tp tin b li, chng ta chn tp tin li v bm OK. 9. Chn vng d liu khi phc v copy. Chn vng dn v vo Home Clipboard Paste Paste Values dn cc gi tr ly c.
Nhiu trng hp chng ta s dng cc cch trn nhng khng th cu c tp tin. Khi , cn s dng cc phn Hinh 1.22 Chn tp tin li khi phc gi tr mm cu tp tin chuyn nghip. Cc phn mm ny c th cu li c gn nh ton b, hoc mt phn thm ch vn khng th cu c! Phn mm cu d liu nh Repair My Excel, File Repair (min ph), Easy Office Recovery... Chng ta c th s dng phn mm File Repair (hnh 1.24) sa li: - Ti liu Word (.doc, .docx, .docm, .rtf) - Cc bng Excel (.xls, .xla, .xlsx) - Tp tin nn RAR hoc ZIP - Cc video nh dng: .avi, .mp4, .mov, .flv, .wmv, .asf, .mpg - Cc nh dng file nh nh JPGE, GIF, TIFF, BMP, PNG v RAW.
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- Ti liu PDF. - C s d liu Access (.mdb, .mde, .accdb, .accde) - Tp tin audio nh: mp3, wav... - File Repair c th sa cha cc li ph bin sau: - nh dng tp tin khng c nhn dng bi ng dng. - Tp tin khng th c c hay khng th truy cp c. - Li h thng, li b nh. Ghi ch: Nhn chung vic khi phc tp tin b li thng rt mt cng, nhiu trng hp khng th cu c. Trng hp thng khng th cu c l tp tin c bo v bng password khi m, tp tin lu trong USB nhng trong qu trnh lm vic li rt USB ra...
Hnh 1.23 Phn mm Repair My Excel
Khi lm vic vi mt bng tnh c xy dng hon chnh, phm vi hot ng trong bng tnh c gii hn. Vic thm bt hng c th gy nh hng n bng tnh. Cch tt nht l cho n ton b cc hng v ct khng dng n t v tr xc nh n hng hay ct cui cng.
Hnh 1.24 Phn mm File Repair ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com
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n cc ct Chn ct m tnh t ct , ton b cc ct pha sau s b n. Sau gi phm Ctrl + Shift + mi tn sang phi. Khi cc ct tnh t ct u tin n ct cui cng s c chn, chng ta ch cn chn menu Hide khi bm phi chut n cc ct . n cc hng Chn hng m tnh t hng , ton b cc hng pha di s b n. Sau gi phm Ctrl + Shift + mi tn xung di. Khi cc hng tnh t hng u tin n hng cui cng s c chn, chng ta ch cn chn menu Hide khi bm phi chut n cc hng . Hin cc hng/ct b n hin th cc hng/ct b n, chng ta chn cc hng/ct xung quanh cc hng/ct b n ri bm phi chut. Sau chn menu Unhide. Trong trng hp khng th chn c bng chut th bm phm tt Ctr+A ( chn ton b bng tnh), sau di chuyn n tn hng/ct cn hin th ri thc hin nh trn. Ghi ch: Phn bn ngoi bng tnh khi cc hng/ct b n s c mu xanh bng da tri (hnh 1.25).
ThS Ph n T H ng Hinh 1.25 n ton b ct khng s dng n
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Khi phi chn nhng khi ln, chng ta s cm thy mt mi nu ch dng nhng cch thng thng bng chut hoc bng bn phm. Nhng lc nh vy, chng ta nn s dng chc nng di chuyn nhanh ca Excel.
Chng ta c th nhp tn hay khi trong hp Name Box di chuyn nhanh ti hay khi (hnh 1.26). Khi nhp xong v bm Enter, tn hay khi s c chn (bi en).
Hinh 1.26 S dng hp Name Box di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh
Lnh Go To gip chng ta di chuyn nhanh n mt a ch hoc tn ca mt khi xc nh. Ngoi ra, c th tn dng tnh nng ny chn mt khi lin tc nh sau: Chn trn cng bn tri ca khi . Vo Home Editing Find & Select Go To (hoc Ctrl+G). Hp thoi Go To xut hin nh hnh 1.27. Nhp a ch di cng bn phi ca khi mun chn trong Reference ( G13 nh hnh 1.27).
Hinh 1.27 S dng Go To di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Gi phm Shift ng thi bm OK, vng xc nh c chn (vng B1:G13 s c bi en).
Trong hp thoi Go To hnh 1.27, chng ta s thy c mt nt Special nm gc di bn tri. y l mt tnh nng cho php chn cc khi theo ni dung ca chng, hoc theo nhng thuc tnh c bit khc thay v ch chn theo v tr nh chng ta vn thng lm. Cc cch m Go To Special nh sau: Cch 1: Ti hp thoi Go To bm vo nt Special. Cch 2: Vo Home Editing Find & Select Go To Special Hp thoi Go To Special xut hin nh hnh 1.28 vi nhiu la chn khc nhau cho vic tm kim v di chuyn nhanh. Comment: Chn tt c cc c cha ch thch. Constant: Chn tt c cc c cha gi tr l hng s, khng chn cc c gi tr l kt qu ca cng thc. Formulas: Chn tt c cc c cha cng thc, m kt qu ca n ph thuc vo mt hoc nhiu iu kin sau y: - Number: Nhng cha gi tr s. - Text: Nhng cha gi tr chui k t. - Logicals: Nhng cha gi tr logic. - Errors: Nhng cha gi tr li. Blanks: Chn tt c cc rng.
ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com Hinh 1.28 Hp thoi Go To Special
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Current Region: Chn mt khi hnh ch nht (bao gm cc khng rng) lin k vi hin hnh. Current Array: Chn tt c cc trong mt mng (array) m hin hnh l mt phn t trong mng . Last Cell: Chn cui cng trong worksheet ( nm gc di cng bn phi) c cha d liu hoc c nh dng. Visible Cells Only: Ch chn nhng no ang hin th trn mn hnh (khng b n). Conditional formats: Ch chn nhng c cha nh dng theo iu kin. Data validation: Chn nhng c cha thit lp Data validation. Vi ty chn ny, nu chn All, Excel s chn tt c cc c cha thit lp Data validation trong bng tnh. Nu chn Same, Excel ch chn nhng c cha cng kiu Data validation vi hin hnh.
Phm tt gip chng ta thao tc nhanh chng vi bng tnh m khng cn s dng n Ribbon.
Phm chc nng F1 F2 F3 F4 F5

ThS Ph n T H ng
SHIFT
CTRL
ALT Chn sheet biu t tn mi (Save as)
Hin th gip Sa ni dung Dn tn khi vo cng thc Lp li (Repeat) Go to Vo ch thch Dn hm vo cng thc Find Next Tm kim (Find) nh ngha khi ng ca s Phc hi kch thc ca s
Thot
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Phm chc nng F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 Chuyn n phn ca s k tip Spelling Chn Tnh ton tt c cc sheet trn tt c cc book m Chn thanh thc n lnh To biu t tn mi (Save as)
SHIFT Chuyn n phn ca s trc Chn thm khi chn khc Tnh ton trn worksheet hin hnh Hin th thc n phm tt Chn worksheet mi Lu
CTRL Chuyn n book k tip Chuyn ca s Thay i kch thc ca s Thu workbook thnh biu tng Phng to ca s
ALT
Hin th hp Macro
Hin th ca s VBA M
Enter ESC F4 (Ctr+ Y) Alt+ Enter Backspace Delete
Hon thnh nhp / iu chnh d liu trong Hy nhp / iu chnh d liu trong Lp li hnh ng cui cng Bt u hng mi trong cng mt Xo k t bn tri im chn/phn chn Xo k t bn phi im chn/xa phn chn
ThS Ph n T H
ng
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Ctrl+ Delete Phm mi tn Home Shift+ F2 Ctrl+ Shift+ F3 Ctrl+ D Ctrl+ R Enter Shift+ Enter Tab Shift+ Tab
Xa n cui hng Di chuyn Di chuyn v u hng Vo ch hiu chnh ch thch To cc tn t cc nhn ct v hng in t pha trn xung di in t bn tri sang phi Kt thc nhp d liu vo v di chuyn xung di Kt thc nhp d liu vo v di chuyn ln trn Kt thc nhp d liu vo v di chuyn sang phi Kt thc nhp d liu vo v di chuyn sang tri
ThS Ph n T H
ng
ng dng macro trong vic s dng hm t to
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2
Trong cc lnh vc kinh t, ti chnh k ton, k thut..., mt s cng vic thc hin trn Excel mang tnh c th. V d nh vic i s sang ch, tnh thu thu nhp c nhn, ni suy 1 hoc 2 chiu trong xy dng, chuyn i bng m trong Excel,... Nu thc hin th cng rt mt cng v d sai st. Cng vic ny tr nn d dng khi s dng macro. Macro l mt th tc (Sub) hay hm (Function) do ngi s dng t xy dng theo mc ch ring bng ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Hc vin s c hng dn thit lp macro v s dng cc hm ging nh cc hm c sn trong Excel. Tuy nhin, Excel 2007 c nhiu dng file khc nhau qun l tp tin Excel. Cc tp tin Excel cha cc hm t to User Defined Functions (sau y gi tt l UDF) s khc tp tin cha bng tnh thng thng.
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Vi Excel 2003, cc tp tin c ui xls thng gp. Vi ui xls, tp tin c th cha bng tnh ring hoc c macro. Nhng t Excel 2007 tr i, m hnh qun l tp tin khc i. Chng ta s thy s phn chia rch ri gia tp tin thng thng ch cha bng tnh vi trng hp cha macro nh sau: - ui xlsx: Ch cho php cha bng tnh, khng cho php cha macro (mc nh). - ui xlsm: Cho php cha macro trong bng tnh. - ui xltm: Tp tin tm thi c cha macro. - ui xlam: Tp tin dng Add-In c cha macro. - ui xls: Tp tin dng c (Excel 97 - 2003). Nu ch lm vic vi bng tnh thng thng, chng ta nn lu tp tin c ui xlsx nhm loi b cc macro hot ng, trong c th cha virus. Nhng nu s dng macro (UDF hoc cc th tc, d n VBA) trong Excel 2007, chng ta cn phi s dng ui xlsm. Excel 2007 mc nh lu vi ui xlsx (hnh 2.1). Trong trng hp lu tp tin c cha macro vi ui xlsx th sao? Khi s c ngay cnh bo (hnh 2.2)! Cnh bo ni rng kiu ui ny khng cha macro (hay d n VBA). Nu vi vng bm Yes th s tr gi ngay, khi ton b macro (v cc d n VBA khc) s b xa sch! Trong trng hp ny phi chn No, sau
ThS Ph n T H ng
Hinh 2.1 Thit lp kiu ui lu khi s dng Excel 2007 (2010)
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chn ui xlsm ph hp m bo cc macro m chng ta mi xy dng c lu gi. Nu chng ta hay lm vic vi macro, trnh sai st khi lu th nn thit lp lu mc nh vi ui xlsm nh sau: - Excel 2007: bm Office Button, trong ca s Excel Options chn Save. - Excel 2010: bm File v trong danh sch th xung, chn Options. Trong ca s Excel Options chn Save. Sau chn Excel Macro-Enable Workbooks (*.xlsm) trong Save file in this format (hnh 2.1). K t y, cc tp tin Excel c lu vi ui mc nh l xlsm, k c bng tnh khng cha macro (hay d n VBA).
Hinh 2.2 Cnh bo khi tp tin cha macro c lu vi ui xlsx
Trong nhng nm gn y, do virus macro pht trin nn Microsoft b sung thm ch an ton trong cc ng dng. Chc nng Security iu khin s lm vic ca macro, tc l c th cho UDF hot ng hay khng hot ng! Vi chc nng iu khin , chng ta s yn tm hn khi s dng Excel trong cng vic khi virus hin ang bng n. thit lp an ton, chng ta chn Excel Options t nt Office Button. Sau chn Trust Center trong ca s Excel Options (hnh 2.3), tip tc chn mc Trust Center. Ngoi chc nng an ton vi macro, Excel cn thit lp i vi ActiveX, Add-ins, MessageBar,... Trong Macro Settings, c cc la chn sau:
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Disable all macros without notification: V hiu ho cc macro v khng thng bo. Khng nn dng trng hp ny v macro c lp ra u hu ch v phc v cng vic no . Disable all macros with notification: V hiu ho cc macro km thng bo (thit lp mc nh trong Excel). Nn chn trng hp ny v chng ta c th phn bit tp tin no c cha macro v tp tin no ch l bng tnh thun tu. T , chng ta c quyn quyt nh cho php macro hot ng hay khng hot ng, ph thuc vo mc tin cy ca tp tin Excel.
Hnh 2.3 Cc la chn trong Trust Center
Disable all macros except digitally signed macros: V hiu ho cc macro, ngoi tr cc macro c ch k in t ca nh sn xut tin cy. Nu nh sn xut khng tin tng, chng ta nhn c thng bo. Bng cch , c th cho php hot ng cc macro c ch k in t hoc nh sn xut tin cy. Tt c cc macro khng c ch k in t s b v hiu ho m khng cn thng bo. Enable all macros: Cho php macro hot ng, nhng Excel khuyn co khng nn s dng v c th macro cha m c khng kim sot c.
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ch ci t mc nh (Disable all macros with notification), khi m tp tin c cha macro, ca s Security Warning xut hin ngay di Ribbon cnh bo v an ton. Nu tin tng tp tin Excel an ton th bm nt Enable Content, ngc li chn du x pha bn phi ca s c nn vng (hnh 2.4). Khi b v hiu ha, cc hm v th tc macro s khng hot ng c.
C rt nhiu UDF hu dng c xy dng min ph ph bin trn Internet. Chng ta ch cn sao chp v s dng. Tuy nhin, cn phi bit cch xy dng chng v cch qun l nh th no?
Hnh 2.4 Cnh bo v an ton v nt Option
UDF c bt u bng Function, sau n tn hm v cc tham s tnh ton. Khi lnh bao gm cc thut ton, cc trnh t tnh ton, sau l kt qu tnh ca hm (bt buc phi c). Cui cng hm s c kt thc bi End Function. Cc bc xy dng UDF nh sau: 1. Trong bng tnh Excel, bm Alt+F11 m ca s Microsoft Visual Basic. 2. Ti ca s Microsoft Visual Basic vo menu Insert v chn Module (hnh 2.5). Theo mc nh, module mi c to ra c tn Module1.
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3. Sao chp on m di y vo trong Module va to:

Function ThueTNCN(Luong As Double, Optional Socon As Integer) As Double Dim GiamTruNuoiCon As Double, ThucLuong As Double GiamTruNuoiCon = 1.6 ThucLuong = Luong Socon * GiamTruNuoiCon Select Case ThucLuong Case Is <= 4 ThueTNCN = 0 Case Is <= 5 ThueTNCN = (ThucLuong - 5) * 0.05 Case Is <= 10 ThueTNCN = 5 * 0.05 + (ThucLuong - 5) * 0.1 Case Is <= 18 ThueTNCN = 5 * 0.05 + 5 * 0.1 + (ThucLuong - 10) * 0.15 Case Is <= 32 ThueTNCN = 5 * 0.05 + 5 * 0.1 + 8 * 0.15 + (ThucLuong - 18) * 0.2 Case Is <= 52 ThueTNCN = 5 * 0.05 + 5 * 0.1 + 8 * 0.15 + 14 * 0.2 + (ThucLuong - 32) * 0.25 Case Is <= 80 ThueTNCN = 5 * 0.05 + 5 * 0.1 + 8 * 0.15 + 14 * 0.2 + 20 * 0.25 + (ThucLuong - 52) * 0.3 Case Else ThueTNCN = 5 * 0.05 + 5 * 0.1 + 8 * 0.15 + 14 * 0.2 + 20 * 0.25 + 28 * 0.3 + (ThucLuong - 80) * 0.35 End Select End Function
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Hm trn tnh thu thu nhp c nhn (TNCN) cho nm 2012 tr v trc. Gim tr gia cnh 1 con l 1.6 triu. Cc bc tnh thu ly tin nh hnh 2.6. Khi xy dng xong hm ThueTNCN, chng ta chuyn sang ca s Excel v xem hm tnh thu TNCN s dng nh th no? Ti C3, chng ta vo Formulas Insert Function (hnh 2.7). Trong Insert Function, mc Or select a category qun l ton b cc hm. Chn dng c tn User Defined, chnh l ni lu tr danh sch cc UDF. Hm t lp khng c phn m t ni dung (No help available). Chng ta c th b sung phn m t ni dung hm.
Hnh 2.5 Ca s Microsoft Visual Basic v hm ThueTNCN c xy dng trong Module
Hnh 2.8 l kt qu s dng UDF. UDF hot ng khng khc g hm sn c trong Excel, ch khc ni qun l hm. Khi mun s dng cc UDF c sn cc tp tin khc, chng ta ch cn m Module cha hm v sao chp sang Module ca tp tin hin hnh theo cc hng dn trn l c.
Hnh 2.6 Biu tnh thu TNCN ly tin ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Hnh 2.7 Cc bc s dng UDF
Hnh 2.8 Hm UDF c s dng nh cc hm sn c trong Excel
Khi xy dng cc UDF xong, c vn s ny sinh v chng ch p dng c trong workbook cha UDF , khng s dng c trong cc workbook khc. s dng trong workbook khc, chng ta phi sao chp cc UDF sang workbook , nh vy s rt bt tin. Vy c cch no c th s dng cc UDF trong ton b workbook nh cc hm sn c trong Excel khng? Chc nng Add-Ins trong Excel s gip chng ta thc hin cng vic ny. Thng qua cng c Add-Ins, cc UDF c np vo th vin Excel, khi c th s dng chng nh cc hm c nh ngha sn trong Excel. Tuy thc hin hi rc ri nhng chng ta s thy s tin dng ca cch thc lu hm UDF! Cc bc thc hin nh sau: 1. To mt bng tnh mi trong Excel (gi s tn l CustomFuntion.xlsm). Trong CustomFuntion, ch cn gi li Worksheet u tin (nn xa b cc Worksheet cn li nhm thu gn th vin).
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2. Chuyn sang ca s Microsoft Visual Basic. Ca s Project s lit k cc th vin v d n ang c m trong Excel, trong c CustomFuntion. 3. Bm chut vo dng VBAProject (CustomFuntion.xlsm) chn d n ny, sau chn menu Insert/Module chn Module mi vo d n (Module mi s c tn mc nh l Module1). Tip theo, chng ta xy dng UDF mi hoc copy cc hm lp sn vo ca s son code. 4. Chn menu File Close and Return to Excel ng ca s Microsoft Visual Basic v quay tr li Excel. Cn kim tra s hot ng ca cc hm mi ny trong CustomFuntion.xlsm phng sai st.
Hnh 2.9 To Add-Ins trong ca s Save as
5. Sau bm vo nt Office Button SaveAs, ca s Save As hin ra (hnh 2.9) vi cc thnh phn sau: - Save As type: Chn Excel Add-In (*.xlam). - File Name: Nhp tn tp tin theo mnh ( nguyn CustomFuntion). Khi chn xong, hp Save in t ng chn th mc ngm nh cha cc th vin ca Excel. Lc , tp tin CustomFuntion c ui mi l *.xlam, l dng ui dnh cho vic to th vin hm trong Excel. - Bm OK lu li th vin di dng tp tin Add-Ins. 6. Khi ng li Excel, bm Office Button Excel Options v chn Add-Ins. Chng ta s thy CustomFuntion c trong danh sch Add-Ins ch cha hot ng vi ng dn c th (hnh 2.10). CustomFuntion hot ng, chn nt Go... v ca s AddIns hin ra nh hnh 2.11. nh du xc nhn CustomFuntion hot ng, hoc bm vo Browse... tm kim cc Add-In khc nu cn.
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K t y, chng ta c th dng cc hm mi ny nh nhng hm c nh ngha sn trong Excel. Chng s c lit k trong nhm hm User Defined. s dng cc hm ny my tnh khc, chng ta ch vic chp tp tin CustomFuntion.xlam vo th mc Add-Ins ri thc hin khai bo nh trn. Mun b sung cc hm mi vo th vin, chng ta thc hin trong Module1 ca CustomFuntion.xlam ri lu li Save As cp nht.
Hnh 2.11 Thit lp th vin hm trong Add-Ins Hnh 2.10 Danh sch Add-Ins trong Excel Options
Trong trng hp tp tin CustomFuntion.xlam b xo mt hoc m tp tin my tnh khc, khi m tp tin th s c thng bo li (hnh 2.12). khc phc li trn, c hai cch nh sau:
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Hnh 2.12 Li khi tp tin CustomFuntion.xlam b xa hoc khng c
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Cch th nht: Nu thc s tp tin khng cn thit (tc l b i c) th vo nt Office Button Excel Options v chn Add-Ins. Bm vo nt Go... v ca s Add-Ins hin ra. Trong ca s Add-Ins, b la chn CustomFuntion.xlam, khi nhn c thng bo v vic xo b tp tin trong danh sch Add-Ins. Bm Yes xo (hoc No duy tr trong danh sch). Cch th hai: Nu tp tin l cn thit th bt buc chng ta phi khi phc li hoc tm tp tin gc CustomFuntion.xlsm to li theo cc bc trn. Khi thc hin mt trong hai cch trn, hp thng bo li khi m tp tin trong Excel s khng xut hin na.
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S dng chc nng Data Validation trong qun l nhp liu
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3
Khi xy dng bng tnh trong Excel, mt s trng hp yu cu nhp liu l gi tr c th hoc trong danh sch sn c. Lm th no bn c th kim sot c d liu u vo theo ng yu cu? Lm th no Excel t thng bo li nhp khng ng? Chc nng Data Validation (xc nhn tnh hp l ca d liu) s gip chng ta thc hin cng vic mt cch kh trn vn nhng i hi trn. y l cng c h tr vic xy dng cc sn phm ng dng trn Excel.
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Khi xy dng bt c bng tnh no phc v cng vic, chc chn chng ta s cn nhng vng nhp d liu theo yu cu nht nh no . D liu c th c gii hn trong mt phm vi no , c th l s nguyn, s thp phn, ngy, gi, trong danh sch sn c hoc chui c di nht nh. Khi , chc nng Data Validation s gip chng ta nhp liu mt cch chnh xc theo yu cu, hn ch sai st ti
Hnh 3.1 Chn vng cn kim sot v thc hin chc nng Data Validation
thiu. u tin trong ca s Excel, chng ta cn chn vng d liu cn kim sot v vo tab Data, chn Data Validation (hnh 3.1). Ca s Data Validation hin ra nh hnh 3.2, ca s ny gm 3 phn Settings, Input Message v Error Alert. Sau y, chng ta cp tng chc nng ca chng.
Hnh 3.2 Ca s Data Validation ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Ca s Settings cho php thit lp ci t v iu kin nhp liu trong Validation criteria. Tu vo i tng kim sot m chn trong danh sch bn di Allow. Mc nh cho php nhp bt c kiu d liu no trong (Any value). thay i theo mun, chn vng d liu cn thit lp chc nng Validation. Trong danh sch th xung ca Validation criteria (hnh 3.3), c cc la chn Whole number, Decimal, List, Date, Time, Text lenght, Custom.
Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu l s nguyn. Nu nhp s thp phn, chui,... s b bo li. Chc nng ny hu ch khi d liu nhp l s nguyn nh tui, s lng mt hng, s sn phm, im thi,... Khi chn Whole number, chc nng Data xut hin cho php khng ch phm vi gi tr nhp (hnh 3.4). 2.1.1. Between / not between Ch cho php nhp gi tr trong mt vng xc nh (hoc ngoi mt vng xc nh). V d: im thi phi nm trong phm vi t 0 n 10, ngy trong thng t 1 n 31, cc th trong tun,... gi tr gii hn nh nht khi nhp liu. Maximum: gi tr gii hn ln nht khi nhp liu. Ingnore blank: b qua trng, khng xt iu kin nhp liu. Clear All: hu b thit lp.
Minimum:
ng
Hnh 3.3 - Cc chc nng v iu kin nhp liu
Hnh 3.4 - Chn kiu phm vi nhp liu
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Gi tr gii hn c th c nh (khng thay i c) hoc khng c nh (c th thay i c) tu vo mc ch s dng. Gii hn c nh l s khi nhp gi tr trong gii hn. Trong hnh 3.5, gi tr nhp nh nht bng 0 v ln nht l 100. Nu nhp gi tr ngoi khong , Excel s bo li nh hnh 3.6 (thng bo li mc nh ca Excel). Chng ta c th thay i ni dung thng bo theo mc ch s dng c th mc 4. Gii hn khng c nh l gi tr trong gii hn ph thuc qu trnh tnh ton t a ch no . iu c ngha l gi tr gii hn c th thay i, ph thuc qu trnh tnh ton, cp nht ca cng thc. Trong hnh 3.7, gi tr nhp nh nht bng gi tr Q8 (bng 200) v ln nht bng Q9 (bng 1500). Nu nhp gi tr ngoi khong , Excel s bo li (hnh 3.6). Phm vi ng dng ny ph thuc nhiu vo kh nng khai thc cng thc v s dng hm ca chng ta. Nu bit khai thc cng thc v s dng hm tt, kh nng kim sot s liu s tt hn, linh hot hn. iu th hin phn v d.
Hnh 3.5 Phm vi nhp liu
Hnh 3.6 Thng bo li nhp liu mc nh trong Excel
2.1.2. Equal to / Not equal to Ch cho php nhp mt gi tr xc nh (hoc ngoi gi tr xc nh). Gi tr xc nh c khai bo trong Value. Gi tr xc nh c th c nh bng cch nhp trc tip hoc c th thay i c bng cch s dng hm hoc cng thc (cch
Hnh 3.7 Chn gii hn ng trong nhp liu ThS Ph n T H ng
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thc hin tng t nh mc trn hnh 3.8). 2.1.3. Greater than / Greater than or equal to Ch cho php nhp gi tr ln hn (hoc ln hn hay bng) gi tr no . Gi tr gii hn c khai bo trong Minimum. Gi tr gii hn c th c nh Hnh 3.8 Gi tr xc nh khi nhp liu bng cch nhp trc tip hoc c th thay i c bng cch s dng hm hoc cng thc (cch thc hin tng t nh mc trn (hnh 3.9). Ngc vi trng hp ny l less than (less than or equal to).
Hnh 3.9 Gi tr gii hn nh nht khi nhp liu
2.1.4. Less than / Less than or equal to Ch cho php nhp gi tr nh hn (hoc nh hn hay bng) gi tr no . Trng hp ny ngc li mc trn (hnh 3.10).
Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu l s nguyn hoc s thp phn (hnh 3.10). Cch thc hin tng t i vi Whole number. S dng kiu gi tr Decimal cho php trnh c nhng sai st do quy nh v s thp phn Quc t v Vit Nam (du . v ,), hoc nhng thit lp ring trong Window.
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Hnh 3.10 Gi tr gii hn ln nht khi nhp liu
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Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu t mt danh sch sn c (hnh 3.3). Danh sch ny c th c nhp trc tip, t mt vng trong sheet, t tn vng (Name) sn c hoc t tp tin khc. Nn s dng chc nng ny khi cn nhp liu c ly t mt c s d liu (CSDL) sn c nhm hn ch sai st, rt ngn thi gian. V d nh nhp 1 phn t trong danh sch ph tng xe my, t, my tnh, mn hc, danh sch thnh vin,... c sn. iu ny cho php hn ch ti a nhp liu khng ng dn n kt qu tnh ton sai, c bit l i tng nhp l chui.
Hnh 3.11 To danh sch d liu trc tip trong Source
2.3.1. Danh sch nhp trc tip Chng ta g danh sch trc tip trong Source (hnh 3.11), mi phn t c ngn cch bi du phy. Vi danh sch c nh (khng sa i) nn s dng trng hp ny. Vi trng hp nhp trc tip, chng ta nn dng kiu g Unicode hin th ting Vit. Nu s dng kiu g TCVN, s b li hin th ch ting Vit, nhng ni dung hin th trn khng b sai (tc l ch gy kh chu khi xem). Trong ca s Data Validation (hnh 3.11), chc nng In-cell dropdown cho php khi chn vo s hin nt danh sch th xung la chn phn t trong (hnh 3.12).
Hnh 3.12 Danh sch c th xung chn khi bm vo nt dropdown
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2.3.2. Danh sch nhp t mt vng trn bng tnh Chng ta c th nhp danh sch t mt vng sn c trong bng tnh bng cch bm nt (hnh 3.13). Sau chn vng danh sch trong bng tnh, a ch danh sch s hin ra trong Source. Vic la chn nh trng hp u tin. Trong kiu khai bo ny, vng danh sch phi cng nm trong cng mt sheet vi nhng cn th hin. iu l hn ch nu s dng vng danh sch ny sheet khc. Vy, cch khc phc hn ch ny nh th no? Bng cch to Name cho vng (v d ny l vng K2:K15) s
Hnh 3.13 Khai bo danh sch t vng trong bng tnh
khc phc nhc im ny. Khi , (hnh 3.14).
Source
s th hin tn vng
Hn ch ln nht ca chc nng List l khng t ng d n phn t cn tm trong danh sch khi g k t u tin. V vy, vi danh sch nhiu i tng vic d tm s mt nhiu thi gian. khc phc mt hn ch , chng ta g nhng t u bit ri bm vo nt . Khi danh sch cc phn t c nhng ch u trng vi ni dung g s hin ra chng ta la chn.
Hnh 3.14 Khai bo danh sch t tn mt vng
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Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu l ngy. Vic iu khin v khong ngy nhp ging nh i vi Whole number. iu c ngha l chn ngy trong mt khong xc nh, ngy bt u, ngy kt thc,... V d nh hnh 3.15, chng ta ch cho php nhp ngy trong khong t ngy hm nay (Today) v cng thm 3 ngy na. Cn lu v nh dng ngy thng v cch nhp liu ngy thng cho ng, nu khng Excel bo li nhp liu.
Hnh 3.15 Khai bo phm vi ngy nhp
Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu l chui c di xc nh (tnh bng s k t, k c khong trng, du,...). Vic iu khin v chiu di chui nhp ging nh i vi Whole number, kim sot c chiu di chui nhp gii hn trong 1 khong xc nh, chiu di chui nhp nh nht, chiu di chui nhp ln nht,... V d nh hnh 3.16, ch cho php nhp m hng c chiu di 6 k t .
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Hnh 3.16 Khai bo m hng c chiu di 6 k t
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cho php hin th thng tin nhp liu khi di chuyn chut vo , t nh hng cho cng vic nhp liu. Trc khi thc hin chc nng ny, chng ra cn thit lp ch Settings cho cc . hin th thng tin nhp liu, u tin ta bi en khi (C6:C15). Bc thc hin nh hnh 3.1, 3.2 v chuyn sang Input Message (hnh 3.17).
Input Message
Ca s Input Message gm cc ni dung sau: Bt (tt) ch hin th thng bo khi c chn. Trng hp ny chn Bt.
Show input message when cell is selected:
Hnh 3.17 Thng bo khi di chuyn ti nhp m hng
Ni dung tiu hin th (hnh 3.18), dng kiu g Unicode.

Title: Input message:
Ni dung thng bo, dng kiu g Unicode.
Nh chng ta bit, khi c thit lp ch Data Hnh 3.18 Thng bo khi chn khi dng Input message Validation, nu nhp liu khng ng quy nh s nhn c thng bo nh hnh 3.6. Chng ta c th thay i ni dung thng bo theo cc hon cnh khc nhau v hin th ni dung thng bo bng ting Vit cho d hiu v sa i. T hnh 3.2, chng ta chuyn sang Error Alert (hnh 3.19).
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Ca s Error Alert gm cc ni dung sau: Bt (tt) ch hin th cnh bo sau khi d liu c nhp vo . Trng hp ny chn Bt.
Show error alert after invalid data is entered :
Kiu cnh bo, gm Stop (dng li), (cnh bo), Information (thng tin).
Style:
Warning
Tu mc cnh bo m c cch x l ph hp: Thng bo li nhp liu nghim trng, Excel khng chp nhn gi tr nhp liu ny v yu cu phi nhp ng (hnh 3.20).
Stop: Warning:
Hnh 3.19 Ca s Error Alert
Thng bo li nhp liu mang tnh cnh bo, ty trng hp c th chp nhp hoc khng chp nhn gi tr nhp liu (hnh 3.21). Thng bo li nhp liu mang tnh thng tin, bn c th b qua trng hp nhp liu khng ng quy nh (hnh 3.22).
Information:
Hnh 3.20 Thng bo Stop khi nhp liu khng ng ThS Ph n T H ng
Hnh 3.21 Thng bo Warrning khi nhp liu khng ng
Hnh 3.22 Thng bo Information khi nhp liu khng ng www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Title:
Ni dung tiu thng bo, dng kiu g Unicode. Ni dung thng bo (ch ni dung theo nhng hon cnh c th), dng kiu g Unicode.
Error message:
Nh vy, chng ta tm hiu kh tng qut v chc nng Data Validation. Chc nng cho php kim sot tt nhng d liu nhp, c bit l khi thc hin vi CSDL. hiu r hn, chng ta thc hin cc v d c th mc tip theo.
Trong nhiu bi ton v k thut, yu cu nhp liu l s (s thp phn hay s nguyn) theo 1 ct vi gi tr tng dn. Nu sai do khng kim sot tt (chng hn gi tr sau nh hn gi tr trc), qu trnh tnh ton s b sai lch. Chng ta c th s dng cch lp trnh s kin i vi nhp (VBA) kim sot nhng s phc tp, nht l khi x l vi nhiu , nhiu khi . Chc nng Data Validation gip chng ta gii quyt cng vic mt cch kh n gin. Trong hnh 3.23, vng B4:B18 c nhp liu theo gi tr tng dn, gi tr nh nht ti B3. Cn ch l cng thc trong Validation s dng a ch tuyt i.
Hnh 3.23 Thit lp nhp d liu l s tng dn
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C nhiu bi ton phi dng n 2 hay 3 danh sch c lin quan n nhau. V d nh trong hnh 3.24 c danh sch tnh (thnh ph), trong mi tnh (thnh ph) li c cc huyn (qun) khc nhau. Yu cu l khi lc d liu cho 1 tnh (thnh ph) no th danh sch cc huyn (qun) ca tnh phi hin ra. v d ny, danh sch tnh (thnh ph) c khai bo trong A2:A21, tng ng vi n l cc huyn (qun) khai bo trong B2:B21. n gin, chng ta lp thm danh sch C2:C4 cha tn cc tnh (thnh ph) bng cch th cng (c th dng VBA nhng khng cp trong ni dung ny). By gi hy xy dng vng nhp liu cho tnh (thnh ph) v huyn (qun) tng ng trong E2:F13. Vi trng hp danh sch l tnh (thnh ph) th qu n gin, cch thc hin nh hnh 3.24. Tuy nhin, lc c danh sch cc huyn (qun) tng ng vi tnh (thnh ph) th khng h n gin. gii quyt bi ton ny, bt buc phi s dng cng thc v hm trong Source (hnh 3.25).
Hnh 3.24 To danh sch tham chiu ph thuc
=OFFSET($A$1,MATCH(E2,$A$2:$A$21,0),1,COUNTIF($A$2:$A$21,E2),1)
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Trong cng thc trn, hm Match xc nh u tin ca vng huyn (qun), COUNTIF xc nh s cha huyn (qun) trong 1 tnh (thnh ph). Hm OFFSET s tham chiu n vng cha huyn (qun) trong 1 tnh. Cn lu v cch s dng a ch tuyt i v tng i ca hm ny. Nh vy, mc khai thc chc nng Data Validation cn ph thuc vo kh nng s dng hm v cng thc ca ngi s dng. Khi ng dng tr nn rng ri hn, mnh m hn.
Hnh 3.25 To danh sch cc huyn (qun) tng ng vi tnh (thnh ph)
Hnh 3.26 Danh sch nhp liu cc huyn (qun) tng ng vi tnh (thnh ph)
Vi mt s bi ton, vic nhp liu ch din ra 1 ln (v d nh tn hc sinh trong danh sch lp hc, m hng nhp, sn phm...). Nu s dng phng php nhp liu bnh thng, c th mc sai st nu v tnh nhp mt d liu hai hoc nhiu ln, c bit khi
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lng d liu ln. d liu nhp ch c nhp 1 ln, chng ta s dng Data Validation vi thit lp n gin nh hnh 3.27. Ngoi ra, chc nng Conditional Formating cng gip chng ta thc hin cng vic trn. Nh vy, nh chc nng Data Validation m chng ta c th kim sot tt d liu u vo cng vi nhng thng bo tin dng m khng cn dng n VBA. C th ni rng nhng nh lp trnh trn Excel thng kt hp VBA vi cc chc nng sn c trong Excel (nh Data Validation) xy dng chng trnh mt cch n gin, gn nh nht!
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Hnh 3.27 Kim sot nhp liu ch mt ln
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Xy dng v lm vic vi i tng Table trong Excel 2007
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4
Nhiu ngi s dng bng tnh Excel lm bng CSDL nu bit b cc cc hng, cc ct khoa hc v d dng tra cu. Tuy nhin, vic to CSDL trong Excel 2003 cn nhiu hn ch mc d c h tr chc nng List. Hiu c mong mun ngi dng, Excel 2007 pht trin i tng Table mnh hn List rt nhiu! i tng Table gip bng tnh Excel gn gi hn Access (l phn mm chuyn v CSDL). S dng Excel 2007 lm CSDL l ph hp v kch thc bng tnh ln hn v dung lng lu tr nh hn so vi Excel 2003. Vic s dng thnh tho Table s gip chng ta khai thc tt hn CSDL trong Excel thay v s dng cc phn mm chuyn nghip khc. Vi Table, chng ta d dng s dng cc cng c sp xp, lc d liu v nhiu chc nng nng cao khc mang tnh c th ca Excel. Cng vic ny khng h n gin khi thc hin cc phn mm khc.
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Table l mt vng cha cc thng tin lin quan gm cc ct v hng c cu trc, c t chc, nhm gip d dng tm kim hoc trch xut d liu ni dung ca n. Table c hiu nh mt dng CSDL n gin. V d Table qun l im hc sinh, bao gm cc ct v cc hng. Mi hng v ct u c chc nng ring qun l thng tin ph hp. Cc ct cha tn hc sinh, lp hc, ngy thng nm sinh, gii tnh, im tng mn hc v im trung bnh, kt qu hc tp... Cc hng l tn v thng tin tng hc sinh tng ng vi cc ct. Hnh 1 l cu trc ca mt CSDL v qun l hp ng.
Trc khi phn tch d liu trong Table, chng ta cn bit cc thnh phn ca Table. Nu bit v CSDL trong Access, chng ta d dng hiu v cu trc ca Table v m hnh p dng tng t. Thnh phn ca Table nh sau: Cha tng loi thng tin kiu ging nhau nh tn cng ty, a ch, s in thoi... Trong Table, mi ct l mt Field.
Field:
L mt mc n trong mt Field. Vi Table, Field Value chnh l cc n l.

Field Value: Field Name:
ng
L tn gn cho mi
Field
ca
Hnh 4.1 Cu trc ca mt Table
ThS Ph n T H
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Table,
ch thch cho ni dung ca mi Field. Nhng tn ny lun nm hng u tin ca Table.
L mt tp hp kt hp cc Field Value. Trong Table, mi hng l mt Record (bn ghi). Mi Record l tp hp nhng thng tin ca mt i tng no .
Record: Table range:
L vng bng tnh bao gm tt c cc Record, Field, v Field Name (gi tt l Table).
Trong Excel, mt s cng c lm vic hiu qu vi Table hn l nhng khi thng thng. Khi cn phi chuyn i khi thnh mt Table. chuyn i, yu cu d liu phi c cu trc ging CSDL nh hnh 4.1. Cch chuyn i nh sau: 1. Chn khi mun chuyn i. Chng ta c hai la chn: - to mt Table vi nhng nh dng do chng ta ch nh, vo Home Style Format as Table ri chn mt kiu trong danh sch (hnh 4.2). Excel s hin th hp thoi Format As Table.
ThS Ph n T H ng
Hnh 4.2 To Table theo cc nh dng c sn
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- to mt Table vi nh dng mc nh, chn Insert Tables Table (hoc bm Ctrl+T). Excel s hin th hp thoi Create Table (hnh 4.3). 2. Trong hp thoi Format As Table hoc Create Table, Where is the data for your table? hin th a ch khi mun chuyn thnh Table (vng xc nh do c bi en t trc). Nu khng ng nh, chng ta c th nhp li a ch khi . 3. Nu khi c cc tiu ct trn hng trn cng (thng l c), v dng nhng tiu ny lm cc Field Name, hy nh du vo ty chn My table has headers (mc nh). 4. Bm khi s chuyn thnh mt Table v Table Tools cha tab Design xut hin (hnh 4.4).
OK,
Hnh 4.3 Khai bo a ch khi khi to Table
Khi chuyn i thnh mt Table, s c cc thay i nh sau: c to ra c tn (Name), mc nh theo th t to l Table1, Table2,... Chng ta c th sa li Name ca Table cho ph hp trong Name
Table
ng
Hnh 4.4 Table c to v cc chc nng trong Design www.giaiphapexcel.com
ThS Ph n T H
70
(hnh 4.5) hoc trong Design, nhng khng thay i c a ch vng tham chiu (hoc thay i Name theo mc 3.11).
Manager
nh dng cc theo quy nh ca Table. y khng phi l Conditional Formatting m cng khng phi l nh dng thng thng. Chng ta hiu r hn kiu nh dng ny khi thm bt cc Record hoc Field. Thm mi tn th xung bn phi mi Field Name (ging chn Filter), tc l Table ang trong iu kin c lc. Trn thanh Ribbon, s thy c thm mt tab Design nm bn di Table Tools mi khi bt k mt no trong Table c chn (hnh 4.4). Khi cun mn hnh xung di che lp dng tiu ca Table, Excel s hin th cc Field Name thay cho cc tiu ct ca bng tnh (hnh 4.6).
Hnh 4.5 Qun l Name trong Excel
Khi to Table cho mt vng, chng c thit lp nhng chc nng c bit khc vi i tng bng tnh thng thng. i tng Table c nhng chc nng c bn sau:
ThS Ph n T H ng
Hnh 4.6 Tiu ca Table thay th tn tiu ct khi b cun xung
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Khi chn mi tn th xung bn phi Field Name, danh sch menu c th xung gip chng ta sp sp (Sort) v trch lc d liu (Filter) trong Table, nh vn thng p dng i vi bng tnh (hnh 4.7).
Chn bt k no dng st hng bn di hoc bn phi ct ca Table (trong phm vi hot ng ca ct hoc hng trong Table), nhp d liu v bm Enter. Table t ng m rng, cha thm hng hoc ct mi. Mt s nh dng hng bn trn khng c thit lp cho Record mi.
Hnh 4.7 Chc nng Sort v Filter trong Table
Excel c mt s mu nh dng sn cho Table. Bm chut vo bn trong Table, chn Design, ri chn mt kiu nh dng trong th vin Table Styles (hnh 4.4). Khi chn thm hoc loi b mt Record (hoc Field), Excel s t ng iu chnh cc nh dng theo thit lp ca Table.
Nu g mt cng thc trong Field Value (), ton b cc Field Value trong Field s t ng cp nht cng thc , thay v ko chut i vi bng tnh thng thng. Ni dung cng thc cng t ng thay i, c s khc bit vi cng thc vi khi thng thng.
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Khi con chut trong Table, chng ta c th bt (tt) chc nng Filter nhanh chng bng cch vo Data Sort & Filter Filter (hnh 4.8). Chc nng ny p dng cho ton b cc Field trong Table, chng ta khng phi chn li vng thit lp nh khi lm vic vi khi thng thng.
Hnh 4.8 Bt (tt) chc nng Filter trong Table
V Table hot ng khc vi bng tnh thng thng nn Excel h tr ring mt s thao tc. C th nh sau:
chn mt bn ghi, di chuyn chut sang mp tri ca ct u tin trong hng mun chn (con tr s i thnh mt mi tn mu en hng sang phi) v bm chut. Ngoi ra, c th bm Shift+Space chn ton b Record ang cha cc hin hnh.
chn mt Field, di chuyn chut n gc trn cng ca Field Name (con tr s i thnh mt mi tn cho mu en hng xung). Bm mt ln ch chn d liu trong Field, bm thm mt ln na thm Field Name vo vng chn. Ngoi ra, c th bm Ctrl+Space chn cc Field cha cc hin hnh, bm Ctrl+Space thm mt ln na thm Field Name vo vng chn.
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chn ton b Table, di chuyn chut n gc trn cng, bn tri ca Table (con tr s i thnh mt mi tn hng cho sang phi) ri bm chut. Ngoi ra, c th chn bt k no trong Table ri bm Ctrl+A chn ton b Table.
Chn bt k no dng st bn di ca Table (trong phm vi ca ct ca Table), nhp d liu vo v bm Enter. Excel t ng m rng Table cha thm Record mi. Excel cng t ng thm mt dng mi vo Table nu con chut cui cng ca Table (c hnh tam gic nh mu xanh pha di gc phi ) v bm phm Tab (hoc chn Home Cells Insert Insert Table Row Below).
Chn bt k no di dng mun thm, bm phi chut ri chn menu Insert/Table Row Above nh hnh 4.9 (hoc chn Home Cells Insert Table Rows Above). Excel s thm mt Record mi nm trn dng ang cha hin hnh.
Chn bt k no bn phi ca ct mun chn thm mt ct mi, bm phi chut ri chn menu Insert/Table Columns Hnh 4.9 Thm hng hoc ct mi trong Table to the Left nh hnh 4.9 (hoc chn Home Cells Insert Table Columns to the Left). Excel s thm mt ct mi vo bn tri ct ang cha hin hnh.
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Chn bt k no st ct bn phi Table, nhp d liu vo v bm Enter. Excel 2007 t ng m rng Table cha thm Field mi. Cng c ti mt no nm trong ct cui cng ca Table, bm phi chut ri chn menu Insert/Table Column to the Right (hoc chn Home Cells Insert Table Columns to the Right) chn thm mt ct mi bn phi ca Table.
Chn bt k no trong dng mun xa, bm phi chut ri chn menu Table Rows).
Delete/Table Rows
(hoc chn
Home Cells Delete
Chn bt k no trong ct mun xa, bm phi chut ri chn menu Table Columns).
Delete/Table Columns
(hoc chn
Home Cells Delete
Thay i kch thc Table c ngha l iu chnh v tr ca nm gc di cng bn phi ca Table. Chn Table Tools Design Properties Resize Table. Chng ta thay i a ch tham chiu trong hp thoi Rezise Table m rng hoc thu nh Table. Vng a ch tham chiu trong Name khi s t ng thay i theo.
Nh Name ca Table, Excel cho php tham chiu trc tip n cc phn t trong Table. Do chng ta nn t li tn cho Table c ngha v duy nht. Theo mc nh, Name cho Table c lp theo th t c to. i Name mt Table, bm vo bn trong Table, chn Design, nhp tn mi vo khung Table Name ri bm Enter (hnh 4.4).
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Trong Table, chng ta d dng xa Record trng nhau theo tiu ch mt hoc nhiu Field. y l chc nng mi ca Excel 2007. Khi chut trong Table, vo Design Tools Remove Duplicates (hnh 4.10). Ca s Remove Duplicates hin ra v lit k ton b cc Field trong Columns. Chng ta c th chn ton b (hoc mt vi) Field lm c s xa b nhng Record no b trng.
chuyn i mt Table tr li thnh khi bnh thng, Hnh 4.10 Xa b Record trng trong Table chng ta chn mt bt k trong Table, sau chn Convert to Range trong nhm Tools ca Design (hnh 4.10). Khi nhng nh dng c trong Table c thit lp lun cho khi .
Do l i tng c bit nn lm vic vi Table.
Table
c cung cp mt s kiu ty chn ring. iu gip ch cho vic nng cao hiu qu khi
Theo mc nh, cc Field lun c tiu hng trn cng m gi l Field Name. Chng ta c th iu khin ch tt (bt) tiu ny trong Table. Bng cch bm vo bn trong Table, ri chn Table Tools Design Table Style Options hy (hoc chn) Header
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(hnh 4.10). Khi Field Name b n i, Excel vn lu gi ni dung ny ( hin li ni dung khi chn Header Row). Hng cha Field Name khi tr thnh rng, nu chng ta nhp d liu vo nhng ti hng v chn Header Row, ton b Table b y xung 1 hng khng ghi ln ni dung va nhp.
Row
xem nhng thng k cho mt hoc nhiu Field, chng ta bm vo bn trong Table, ri chn Table Tools
Design Table Style Options Total Row
(hnh 4.10). Excel s thm mt dng Total bn di hng di cng ca Table. Mi trong dng Total ny u cha danh sch th xung, hy bm vo chn hm mun dng (hnh 4.11). Nu khng c hm ng , hy bm chn mc More Functions... Ca s Insert Function s m ra cho chng ta chn hm mong mun tnh ton d liu trong Field.
Hnh 4.11 To dng Total cho Table
Chc nng ny s dng t mu xen k (gm c mu nn v ng vin) cho cc vic.

ThS Ph n T H ng
Record
trong
Table
d phn bit khi lm
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Chc nng ny to cho Field u tin ca Table c nh dng khc cc Field khc.
Chc nng ny to cho Field cui cng ca Table c nh dng khc cc Field khc.
Chc nng ny s dng t mu xen k (gm c mu nn v ng vin) cho cc Field trong Table d phn bit khi lm vic.
Chng ta c th chuyn i bt c vng d liu no ang c sn thnh mt Table, hoc c th to mi mt Nhng c c kt qu tt nht, nn thc hin theo nhng hng dn sau:
Table
ngay t u.
1. Cha t 3 n 5 dng trn cng ca bng tnh lm vng tiu hoc s l ni cha nhng iu kin lc (Criteria range) cho Table. 2. Lun lun dng hng trn cng ca Table lm cc tiu ct. 3. Cc Field Name phi l duy nht v chng phi l chui k t hoc cng thc dng chui. Nu cn dng cc con s, hy nh dng chng thnh kiu chui. 4. Cc d liu trong mi Field phi c nh dng kiu d liu ging nhau. Nu vic nh dng khng thng nht, c th dn n s sai lch trong qu trnh lc d liu.
ThS Ph n T H ng
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5. Mt s lnh trong Excel c th lm kch thc v hnh dng ca Table t ng iu chnh. trnh nhm ln, chng ta ch nn s dng mt Table trong mt worksheet. Nu c nhiu Table lin quan vi nhau, hy chng trong cc worksheet khc nhau. 6. Nu c nhng d liu m khng phi l mt Table nm trong cng mt worksheet cha Table, hy cha ra t nht mt hng trng hoc mt ct trng gia cc d liu vi Table. iu ny s gip Excel d dng t ng nhn ra Table, trnh hin tng nhm ln. 7. Excel cho php lc d liu ch thy nhng Record theo nhng tiu ch nht nh (xem mc 6). Chc nng ny s lm n i mt s hng trong Table, v d nhin nhng hng tng ng trong worksheet cng b n i. Do , nu trong cng worksheet cha Table, c nhng d liu khc cn phi thy c lm vic, chng ta khng t nhng d liu ny bn phi hay bn tri ca Table.
Mt trong nhng vic thng lm vi bng d liu l sp xp li thng tin theo th t ABC hay theo s (t nh ti ln)... Khi chuyn i d liu thnh mt Table, chng ta c th sp xp d liu theo bt k Field no, thm ch sp xp theo nhiu Field.
sp xp nhanh mt sau y:
Table,
trc ht chn mt trong
Field
dng lm tiu ch sp xp. Sau s dng mt trong hai cch
Chn Data v s dng cc nt lnh nm bn tri ca nhm Sort & Filter (hnh 4.12). Bm vo danh sch th xung Field Name, ty vo loi d liu trong Field m cp lnh sp xp nm trn cng c tn khc nhau, nhng chc nng ca chng vn l sp xp t nh n ln, hoc ngc li.
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Excel t nhn dng loi d liu trong Table. Vi d liu l chui, Excel hin Sort A to Z... sp xp theo ABC hoc ngc li (hnh 4.12). Vi d liu l s, Excel hin Sort Smallest to Largest... sp xp gi tr tng hay gim dn (hnh 4.13). Vi d liu kiu thi gian, Excel hin Sort Oldest to Newest... sp xp thi gian tng dn v ngc li (hnh 4.13). Ngoi ra chng ta c th sp xp lin quan n mu ch, mu nn (mc 4.3). bit Field no c sp xp, hy nhn danh sch th xung bn phi Field Name v thy mt biu tng mi tn ngay bn cnh . Kt qu sp xp nh th no cn ty thuc vo loi d liu trong cc Field. Sau y l cch m Excel s s dng sp xp theo th t tng dn (vi trng hp gim dn th ngc li):
Hnh 4.12 Sp xp S ha n tng dn trong Table
Cc gi tr s: T s m nh nht n s dng ln nht. Cc gi tr logical: FALSE ri mi n TRUE. Cc k t hoc ch: Theo th t Space ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 n 9 : ; < = > ? @ A n Z [ \ ] ^ _ { } ~. Cc gi tr li: u nh nhau. Cc rng: lun lun sp xp sau cng (tng dn cng nh gim dn).
ThS Ph n T H ng Hnh 4.13 Sp xp gi tr l ngy hoc s trong Table www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Excel cho php sp xp mt bng d liu theo nhiu tiu ch, tc l theo nhiu ct khc nhau. Chng ta thc hin theo cc bc sau: 1. Chn mt bn trong Table. 2. Chn Data Sort & Filter Sort. Excel hin th hp thoi Sort vi 3 thnh phn chnh cn quan tm l Column, Sort On v Order (hnh 4.14).
3. Trong mc Column, chn Field Name lm tiu ch sp xp. Trong trng hp sp xp mt vng n thun ch khng phi l mt Table, ti mc Column ny s l tn ct ch khng phi Field Name. 4. Theo mc nh, Excel sp xp theo gi tr ca Field va chn. Ngoi ra, cn c th sp xp theo mu ca , theo mu ca font ch, hoc theo cc biu tng trong (hnh 4.14). Mun sp xp theo loi no, chng ta chn loi trong mc Sort On. 5. Chn kiu sp xp (tng hay gim dn) trong mc Order. 6. Nu mun sp xp nhiu hn mt Field, chng ta bm Add Level. Excel s thm mt tiu ch sp xp. Thc hin li cc bc 3, 4 v 5. 7. Bm OK sau khi chn y cc tiu ch sp xp d liu trong Table. Vi Excel 2007, chng ta c th chn n 64 tiu ch, hay ni cch khc, c th dng n 64 iu kin sp xp d liu. Hy cn thn khi sp xp nhng Record (hng) c cha cng thc trong Table. Nu cc cng thc dng loi a ch tng i tham chiu n nhng ngoi Table, s sp xp ny c th lm thay i cc tham chiu v dn kt nhng kt qu sai. Nu cng thc c tham chiu n nhng ngoi Table, hy s dng a ch tham chiu tuyt i.
Hnh 4.14 Sp xp theo nhiu iu kin trong Table
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Trong hp thoi Sort cn mt nt lnh chn sau y khi bm vo :

Case Sensitive: Orientation:
Option.
Chng ta c thm nhng la
Dng yu cu Excel phn bit s khc nhau gia ch thng v ch hoa khi sp xp (hnh 4.15). Bnh thng Excel sp xp d liu theo tng dng t trn xung di vi ty chn Sort top to bottom. sp xp theo ct t tri sang phi, chn mc Sort left to right.
Hnh 4.15 Thit lp Sort Options
Trong thc t thng gp vic sp xp tn ting Vit theo th t ABC. Nu s dng phng php Sort thng thng th khng thc hin c do ch sp xp c h. Cch x l thng thng l to mt ct ph v s dng hm tch tn t Field cha h v tn. Cng vic Sort thc hin ti ct ph !
Ngoi tiu ch sp xp theo gi tr, Excel cn cho php sp xp v lc theo nh dng mu trong . Chng ta c th nh mu trong 1 cch thng thng hay l s dng Conditional Formatting. Nh trong hnh 4.16, ti s dng nh dng Conditional Formatting cho nhng hp ng c gi tr t 3 n 10 triu. sp xp li theo mu, ti
ThS Ph n T H ng
Hnh 4.16 S dng Conditional Formatting trong Table www.giaiphapexcel.com
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chn menu Sort la chn sau:
by Color
(hnh 4.17). Trong c cc
Sp xp theo mu nn ca , danh sch mu nn t ng cp nht t cc mu nn trong Field c lc. Chng ta chn mu no u tin sp xp ln trc.
Sort by Cell Color:
Sp xp theo mu ca font ch, danh sch mu ch t ng cp nht t cc mu ch trong Field c lc. Chng ta chn mu no u tin sp xp ln trc.
Sort by Font Color:
Hnh 4.17 Sort theo mu trong Table
Khi lm vic vi vng d liu ln, chng ta thng phi tm kim v trch xut ra mt loi d liu no . Vic sp xp va trnh by trn c th gip tm nhanh hn c mt cht, nhng nhng d liu khng cn n th vn hin th trn mn hnh. Excel ch hin th nhng d liu cn thit trn mn hnh, th cn phi lc (Filter) d liu, d liu no khng cn s b n i. Phn ny s cung cp cho mt vi k thut thc hin cng vic .
Chc nng Filter gip vic lc cc tp hp d liu con trong Table tr nn d dng khi thc hin t mt danh sch th xung (hnh 4.18).
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Khi chuyn mt khi thnh mt Table, Excel t ng bt chc nng Filter cho tng Field. l l do ca biu tng danh sch th xung xut hin nm bn phi Field Name. C th tt/bt Filter bng cch vo Data Sort & Filter Filter hoc bm Ctrl+Shift+L. Khi bm vo bn phi mt Field Name, Excel s hin th mt bng gm nhng Record c trong Field , v t ng lc nhng d liu trng. C hai cch m chng ta c th dng lc nhanh mt danh sch vi cng c Filter ny: - Hy chn mt mc no n mc trong Table.
Hnh 4.18 Chc nng Filter lc gi tr chui v thi gian
- Hy chn mc Select All v ri bm chn nhng mc mun hin th trong Table. Vi Excel 2007, chng ta d dng thc hin lc mt bng d liu theo thi gian. Excel t ng phn loi d liu trong Field theo nm, trong mi nm li phn loi theo thng v mi thng cng c phn loi theo ngy (hnh 4.18). iu ny gip khng nhng ch lc ra d liu theo mt ngy c th no , m cn c th lc theo cc thng trong nm, hoc theo tng nm mt cch nhanh chng. y l 3 im cn bit khi p dng Filter trong Table: Khi Table c lc theo mt Field no , s c mt biu tng hnh ci phu ti gc bn phi ca Filter Name (hnh 4.19). Khi di con chut vo danh sch th xung ca Field c lc, Excel s hin th thng tin cho bit Field ny c lc theo tiu chun g (hnh 4.19).
ThS Ph n T H ng Hnh 4.19 Chc nng Filter thc hin ti S ha n
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Ngay sau khi p dng thng bo trong Status c lc.
Filter bar
cho Field, Excel s hin th cho bit s lng d liu
Khi s dng Filter trong Excel 2003, mc Custom ty bin cc tiu chun lc bng hp thoi Custom Filter. Excel 2007 vn gi ty chn ny, nhng t ng nhn din loi d liu trong Hnh 4.20 Filter t ng nhn dng d liu Text Filters hay Number Filters Field v a ra danh sch b lc nhanh trc khi m hp thoi Custom Filter. Ty thuc vo loi d liu c trong Field (hnh 4.20), Excel hin th mt trong cc ty chn ny khi bm vo bn phi Field Name nh sau:
Text Filters:
Mc ny xut hin khi lm vic vi mt Field cha cc chui d liu, bao gm nhng b lc sau y: lc nhng chui ging mt t no . lc nhng chui khng ging mt t lc nhng chui bt u bi mt t no
Ends With: Contains:
Equals:
lc nhng chui kt thc vi mt t no . lc nhng chui khng cha mt t
Does Not Equal:
lc nhng chui cha mt t no .
no .
Begins With:
Does Not Contain:
no .
. Vi nhng Field cha chui d liu, chng ta c th dng nhng k t i din thay th cho mt hoc nhiu k t. Dng du chm hi thay th cho mt k t n (v d, nhp th?m, thay th cho tham,thm, thm...); dng du sao (*) thay th cho mt nhm k t (v d, nhp H*ng thay th cho Hng, Hong, Hng...).
ThS Ph n T H
ng
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Number Filters:
Mc ny xut hin khi lm vic vi mt Field cha nhng d liu s, bao gm nhng b lc sau y: lc nhng s khng bng mt gi tr no .
Equals:
lc nhng s bng mt gi tr no . lc nhng s ln hn mt gi tr no
Does Not Equal: Greater Than:
.
Less Than: Between: Top 10:
lc nhng s nh hn mt gi tr no .
lc nhng s nm gia hai gi tr no . lc nhng s ln hn gi tr trung lc nhng s nh hn gi tr
lc 10 s c gi tr cao nht.
Hnh 4.21 iu kin lc vi Tn cng ty v Gi tr H trong Filter
Above Average:
bnh.
Below Average:
trung bnh. V d: Vi Table hnh 4.7, ti Field Tn cng ty th ch chn cng ty no c tn dc, ti Field Gi tr H th ch chn gi tr ln hn 5 triu Hnh 4.22 Kt qu lc theo Tn cng ty v Gi tr H (hnh 4.21). Kt qu ca vic lc d liu th hin hnh 4.22. Chng ta c th to nhng iu kin lc phc tp hn bng cch bm vo mt trong ty chn And hoc Or, v nhp tiu chun lc khc (hnh 4.21). S dng And khi mun lc ra nhng d liu tha mn c hai iu kin, s dng Or khi mun lc nhng d liu tha mn t nht mt trong cc iu kin.
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Ty chn xut hin khi lm vic vi mt Field cha nhng d liu thi gian. C rt nhiu b lc gip chng ta nhanh chng lc ra nhng d liu mnh cn khng ch theo ngy, theo thng, m thm ch cn theo tun, theo qu... Danh sch ny nhiu nhng khng n kh hiu lm v c trnh by hnh 4.23. Hnh 4.23 cng l kt qu lc nhng hp ng c k kt trong nm ngoi (2012).
Date Filters:
Khi cn hin th li ton b hoc mt phn d liu trong Table c lc, chng ta c th s dng mt trong nhng cch sau y:
Hnh 4.23 Lc nhng hp ng k trong Last Year (nm 2012) bng Filter
hin th ton b d liu trong Table v g b Filter, chn Data Sort & Filter Filter. hin th ton b d liu trong Table m vn gi Filter, chn Data Sort & Filter Clear.
Nh ni mc 2.4, cng thc trong Table c kiu thit lp ring. Kiu thit lp thng nht khi lm vic trong Table. i tng ca Table lm vic trong cng thc l Name ca Table v Field Name. Thay v tham chiu bng cc hay vng, cng thc trong Table s dng i tng c nh ngha trong Table. Nu vng tham chiu c nhiu hng, hoc tham chiu lch hng so vi hin hnh th a ch th hin vn nh thng thng.
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Nu vng tham chiu l 1 hng cng vi hin hnh th th hin nh sau: a ch vng c thay th bng Field Name trong du []. V d vng D4:G4 c Excel 2007 thay th bng [#This Row],[Vn]:[H ]. [#This Row] c ngha ch ti dng (hnh 4.24). Vi Excel 2010 hay 2013, dng [#This Row] c b qua, vng D4:G4 c thay th bng [Vn]:[H ]. Sau tn cng thc l Name ca Table, i tng vng tnh ton nm trong du []. Nu vng tham chiu l mt thay th a ch (hnh 4.11).
Field
th Field Name
V d cng thc ti E32 ca hnh 4.11 nh sau:

=SUBTOTAL(104,[Gi tr H ()])
Cng thc trn tnh gi tr hp ng ln nht ca Field Gi tr H (). Hy tm hiu cng thc SUBTOTAL y. V d nh cng thc tnh tng ti (hnh 4.24):
H4
nh sau
Hnh 4.24 Cng thc tnh ton trong Table
=SUM(Hc_ph[[#This Row],[Vn]:[H ]])
Cng thc trn tnh tng vng cng hng t Field Vn n H ca T
ble Hc_ph.
Vi cc tham chiu bn ngoi, cng thc gi nguyn a ch . Cn lu tham chiu bn ngoi lun a ch tuyt i, phng qu trnh sp xp v lc d liu thay i a ch nu khai bo kiu thng thng.
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Vi nhng ai yu thch cng t ng ha trong Excel th VBA s gip h. VBA l ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic trong cc ng dng ca Office. VBA gip chng ta c th gii quyt nhng bi ton phc tp trong Excel, m s dng cc cng c thng thng kh c th thc hin ni hoc tn nhiu thi gian, cng sc... khai thc v s dng VBA cho i tng Table, chng ta phi c kin thc nht nh v lp trnh VBA! Ni dung ny gii thiu nhng thao tc thc hin vi i tng Table bng ngn ng VBA.
Trc khi to Table, chng ta phi xy dng bng tnh c thit k theo CSDL. Th tc sau y to vng A2:F20 cho sheet hin hnh.
Sub CreateTable() ActiveSheet.ListObjects.Add(xlSrcRange, Range("$A$2:$F$20"),,xlYes).Name = "Lng" End Sub
Table
c tn l
L ng
cho
Trong on code ny, tp hp ListObjects cha ton b i tng ListObject. Mi i tng ListObject tng ng mt Table trong sheet. xlSrcRange l khai bo d liu u vo l Range (c th l xlSrcExternal, xlSrcQuery hoc xlSrcXml). xlYes (hoc xlNo) l khai bo tn ct c (hoc cha c).
Chng ta bit Excel thit k sn cc Style cho Table chng ta la chn. Vic la chn t ng Style thc hin c nh th tc sau:
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Sub ChangeTableStyle() ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Lng").TableStyle = "TableStyleLight18" End Sub
Th tc trn s thay i Style ca T ble danh sch, tn v kiu Style hnh 4.25.
L ng
thnh TableStyleLight18. Chng ta xem
xc nh tn v a ch ca tng Table, chng ta thc hin on m bn di. Kt qu thc hin nh ti hnh 4.26.
Sub FindAllTablesOnSheet() Dim LstObj As ListObject 'Duyt qua tng Table trong Sheet hin hnh For Each LstObj In ActiveSheet.ListObjects 'Bi en vng a ch Table Application.Goto LstObj.Range 'Thng bo tn v a ch ca Table MsgBox "Table found: " & LstObj.Name & ", " & _ stObj.Range.Address Next End Sub
Hnh 4.25 Cc Style cng tn ca chng hin th trong Table Styles
Hnh 4.26 Thng tin v tn v a ch ca Table ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Trc khi thao tc nh dng hoc tnh ton tng thnh phn trong Table, chng ta phi tin hnh chn chng. Cng tc thc hin th cng c trnh by chi tit mc 3. Chng ta s nghin cu cc s dng VBA nh th no? Cc on m bn di thng nht lm vic vi Table c N me T ble9. Chn ton b Table: Dng m sau chn ton b khi trong Table, ch l con chut ang sheet cha Table .
ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").Range.Select
hoc:
ActiveSheet.Range("Table9[#All]").Select
Chn ton b d liu trong Table, ch tr Field Name:

ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").DataBodyRange.Select
hoc:
ActiveSheet.Range("Table9").Select
Chn mt Record (bn ghi): Dng m di y chn bn ghi th 3 trong Table.

ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").ListRows(3).Range.Select
Chn mt Field (ct): Dng m di y chn Field c tn Column2 trong Table.

ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").ListColumns("Column2").Range.Select
hoc:
ActiveSheet.Range("Table9[Column2]").Select
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Thm mt Record mi vo cui mt Table:

ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").ListRows.Add AlwaysInsert:=True
Thm mt Record mi vo ni no trong Table: Dng code bn di thm mt Record vo dng th 4 ca Table, y ton b d liu xung di.
ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").ListRows.Add (4)
Thm mt Field (ct) mi vo ni no trong b d liu sang phi.
Table:
Dng code bn di thm mt Field vo ct th 3 ca Table, y ton
ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").ListColumns.Add (3)
Xa mt Record (dng): Dng code bn di xa mt Record th 3 ca Table, ton b d liu s dn ln.

ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").ListRows.Item(3).Delete
Xa mt Field (ct): Dng code bn di xa mt Field th 4 ca Table, ton b d liu dn sang tri.
ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").ListColumns.Item(4).Delete
Xa Record (dng) trng trong Table: Dng code di y xa cc dng trng nhau theo tiu ch ct th 1 v th 3 ca Table.
ActiveSheet.Range("Table9[#All]").RemoveDuplicates, Columns:=Array(1, 3), Header:=xlYes
Chuyn Table thnh khi thng thng: Chng ta s dng phng thc Unlist chuyn Table thnh khi thng thng.
ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table9").Unlist
ThS Ph n T H
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Mc ny hng dn cch sp xp (Sort) v lc (Filter) d liu trong Table bng VBA. Th tc di sp xp d liu theo mu nn l hng -RGB(255, 199, 206) cho Field Gi tr H () ca T ble T ble2:
Sub SortByColor() With Worksheets("HD").ListObjects("Table2").Sort .SortFields.Clear .SortFields.Add( Range("Table2[Gi tr H ()]"), xlSortOnCellColor, xlAscending, , _ xlSortNormal).SortOnValue.Color = RGB(255, 199, 206) .Header = xlYes .MatchCase = False .Orientation = xlTopToBottom .SortMethod = xlPinYin .Apply End With End Sub
Kt qu thc hin nh hnh 4.27. Trong , tiu chun Sort l Field T ble2[Gi tr H ()]. Thc ra VBA khng hiu ni dung Gi tr H () theo kiu g Unicode nhng ti s dng chng ta nm r y l Field Name. VBA hiu c ch Unicode, chng ta cn s dng hm ChrW chuyn i. Hm ny c xy dng trong din n www.giaiphapexcel.com
ThS Ph n T H ng
Hnh 4.27 Kt qu Sort theo mu ct th 4
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Tip theo, chng ta tip tc sp xp d liu t nh n ln cho Field S h dung ca th tc nh sau:

Sub SortAtoZ() With Worksheets("HD").ListObjects("Table2").Sort .SortFields.Clear
ca Table2. Kt qu thc hin ti hnh 4.28. Ni
.SortFields.Add Key :=Range("Table2[S ha n]"), SortOn:=xlSortOnValues, Order:= _ xlAscending, DataOption:=xlSortNormal .Header = xlYes .MatchCase = False .Orientation = xlTopToBottom .SortMethod = xlPinYin .Apply End With End Sub
Hnh 4.28 Kt qu Sort theo gi tr t nh n ln Field S ha n
ThS Ph n T H
ng
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Chng ta bit cch lc d liu theo ni dung v thi gian. Th tc di y s lc ni dung cha ch d c Field Tn cng ty v nm 2011 Field Ngy k H. Kt qu th hin nh hnh 4.29. Chc nng Record Macro trong VBA h tr cho vic ghi li qu trnh sp xp v lc d liu. Chng ta c th thc hnh cc thao tc khc v chnh sa ni dung code cho ph hp.
Sub Filter() With ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Table2").Range .AutoFilter Field:=2, Criteria1:="=*dc*", Operator:=xlAnd .AutoFilter Field:=5, Operator:=xlFilterValues, _ Criteria2:=Array(0, "1/1/2011") End With End Sub
l mt ng dng nng cao gip chng ta qun l v khai thc mt dng CSDL c th trn Excel mt cch hiu qu.
Table
Hnh 4.29 Kt qu lc ch dc Field Tn cng ty v nm 2011 Field Ngy k H
Khc vi cc phn mm chuyn v CSDL, vic khai thc v trch lc thng tin thng kh phc tp, i hi ngi s dng phi c k nng v tin hc cng nh lp trnh can thip vo CSDL. Nhng vi Table, chng ta d dng khai thc CSDL mt cch n gin v hiu qu nh cc ng dng nng cao nh Sort, Filter, Advanced Filter, Pivot Table hay lp trnh VBA. Cc phin bn Excel 2010, 2013 u c s nng cp Table nht nh, gip i tng Table t hiu qu ng dng hn na! Phm vi chuyn ny mi ch truyn ti mt phn kin thc lin quan Table, cn mt s ng dng nng cao khc khng cp v c mt s ni dung c vit thnh chuyn . Chng ta c th ti ti din n GPE v p dng trong Table.
ThS Ph n T H
ng
S dng cc iu khin nng cao Control trong excel
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5
y l ng dng nng cao trong Excel, l s kt hp bng tnh vi cc Control (iu khin) c xy dng trn nn bng tnh. Thng thng, nu ch s dng Excel mc s dng c bn th khng nhn thy cc Control ny. S dng cc Control (Spin, Scroll bar, TextBox,) trn bng tnh cho php s dng chut chn hay nhp d liu rt chuyn nghip, ging nh phn mm chuyn dng. Thc t, nhng ng dng ny kt hp gia nh dng bng tnh, Control, Conditonal Formatting v Validation... m khng cn s dng ngn ng lp trnh VBA m hiu qu t c rt cao!
ThS Ph n T H ng
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i tng Form Controls c thit lp trong tab Developer. Thng thng, Developer b n khi ci t. hin tab Developer, bm Nt Office Excel Options v nh du Show Developer in the Ribbon nh hnh 5.1. Khi tab Developer xut hin vi nhng chc nng pht trin nng cao ca Excel. Group Controls cha cc nhm iu khin nng cao gm Form Controls v ActiveX Controls (hnh 5.2).
Hnh 5.1 Thit lp tab Developer trn Excel
Hnh 5.2 Cc iu khin trong Form Controls v ActiveX Controls
cha nhiu iu khin ging cc cng c phn mm. Gm c Button (nt lnh), Label (Nhn), Combo Box (Hp danh sch th xung), Check Box (Hp kim tra), List Box (Hp danh sch chn), Option Button (Nt ty chn), Group Box (khung bao nhm i tng), Spin Button (Mi tn cun tng gim), Scroll Bar (thanh
Form Controls
ThS Ph n T H
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cun)... Chng l c th xy dng trc tip ln bng tnh nh cc i tng Shapes thng thng (hnh 5.3). c bit hn l to c mi quan h trc tip vi bng tnh, m trong nhiu trng khng cn phi s dng lp trnh. l th mnh ca Form Controls.
Hnh 5.3 Thng tin v Form Controls trong Name Box v Formula Bar
Hnh 5.4 To MS Excel 5.0 Dialog trong Dialog Sheet
Ngoi ra, Form Control cn h tr hiu qu vi font Unicode. iu ny khng c c i vi VBA hay VB6. Form Controls h tr y trong Dialog Sheet, cn vi nn bng tnh th b hn ch mt s iu khin (iu khin b m, khng tc dng). Dialog Sheet l bng tnh ch cha cc iu kin, lin quan n kin thc lp trnh VBA nn ti khng cp y. thm i tng Dialog Sheet, ti tn ca Sheet bm phi chut v chn Insert. Ca s Insert hin ra nh hnh 5.4, chng ta chn MS Excel 5.0 Dialog. Sau Dialog Sheet c to ra v tr ging nh cc Sheet thng thng (hnh 5.5).
ThS Ph n T H ng
Hnh 5.5 Dialog Sheet c to ra v ca s Form Controls www.giaiphapexcel.com
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c ca s thuc tnh ring vi nhiu thuc tnh, gn tng t vi VB6. Mt iu khin ActiveX v c bn l mt i tng OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) m c h tr giao din IUnknown. OLE l mt cng ngh c pht trin bi Microsoft cho php nhng v lin kt n cc ti liu v cc i tng khc (hnh 5.6). V mt k thut, mt i tng OLE l bt k i tng m thc hin cc giao din IOleObject, c th cng vi mt lot cc giao din khc, ty thuc vo nhu cu ca i tng. V c bn, i tng trong ActiveX Controls c chc nng gn tng t Form Controls, tuy rng Hnh 5.6 Thng tin v ActiveX Controls trong Name Box v Formula Bar tn chng khc nhau. ActiveX Controls cho php thit lp nhiu thuc tnh ca i tng m Form Controls b hn ch. Ngoi ra, cn c group Code gip chng ta lp trnh Visual Basic trong mi trng Excel. Hn ch ca ActiveX Controls l khng h tr Unicode, c bit l trong trng hp nhp liu.
ActiveX Controls
Form Controls
ThS Ph n T H
cha nhiu iu khin chnh sau (hnh 5.7):
Hnh 5.7 Cc iu khin trong Form Controls
ng
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Bng 1: M t cc iu khin trong Form Controls
Button
Dng nt lnh thc hin hnh ng. Khi bm vo nt lnh, mt th tc s hnh ng. Th tc ny c xy dng bng VBA trong Excel. C th thay i loi font, size ch nhng khng thay i c mu sc ch v cc nh dng khc. Cha chui k t, thng s dng thm on ch thch, cc mc, u ,... cho cc iu khin nh List Box, Combo Box,... Hn ch ca Label l khng thay i c font, size ch. Do vy nn s dng Text Box trong Shapes thay th i tng ny nu cn. Cho php chn phn t t danh sch c sn hay nhp d liu mi vo danh sch. iu khin ny thng c s dng tit kim khng gian ca Form. Khi bm chut vo mi tn ch xung bn phi ca Combo Box, mt danh sch s c th xung chng ta la chn. Nhn chung Combo Box ging List Box, ch khc v hnh thc hin th. D liu trong Combo Box c th t worksheet c th l a ch vng hoc Name. Cho php chn (Checked), khng chn (Unchecked) hoc ln ln (Mixed) mt kh nng no . Chng ta c th chn cng mt lc mt hay nhiu CheckBox. Thng cc Check Box c qun l trong Group Box. Cho php chn t danh sch cc phn t sn c. List Box lm gim bt kh nng li nhp d liu vo. D liu trong List Box c th t worksheet c th l a ch vng hoc Name.
Label
Combo Box
Check Box
List Box
ThS Ph n T H
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Option Button
Cho php chn mt i tng t mt nhm i tng Option Button. Khi la chn i tng mi, s la chn trc s t ng b loi b. Thng mt nhm i tng Option Button c qun l trong mt Group Box phng ln ln khi c nhiu Option Button. V d mt nhm Option Button gm 3 i tng Nam, N v Khng r c t trong Group Box c tn Chn gii tnh.
Group Box Spin Button
L ni qun cc iu khin khc nhau mt cch hp l theo cng mc ch iu khin vi khung bao xung quanh. To nt tng gim gi tr (s nguyn) khi bm mi tn ln xung, thng gi tr c lin kt vi gi tr ca mt no . Spin Button c gi tr nh nht bng 0 v ln nht l 30,000, bc di chuyn mc nh l 1 (c th thit lp li theo mun). iu khin ny cho php iu khin thanh cun (Scroll Bar) ngang v ng trong Form. Scroll Bar c chc nng lm vic kh ging Spin Button, nhng c thm tnh nng nh nm ngang v c bc thay i ln hn khi bm chut vo gia trng thi v mi tn ln xung.
Scroll Bar
Vic v cc i tng trn tng t nh i tng Shapes, chng ta c th thay i kch c (nhng c gii hn ti thiu) hoc sao chp hay xa. Kch c iu khin phi cn i, hi ha vi kch ch th hin bn trong iu khin . Trong phn tip theo, chng ta tm hiu k thut xy dng, thit lp thuc tnh v to mi lin h vi bng tnh.
ThS Ph n T H
ng
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Vi i tng khi c v xong v con chut nm bn ngoi i tng , khi di chuyn chut ln i tng th chut c biu tng hnh bn tay. iu c ngha l i tng iu kin hot ng v chng ta c th iu khin chng. chnh sa i tng th bm phi chut vo hnh (hnh 5.8), c cc la chn sau: gn kt hoc tch cc i tng ring l. Trong trng hp bn v c nhiu i tng c mi lin kt vi nhau, vic thay i chiu rng ct v chiu cao hng s lm sai lch kch c. Chc nng ny gip chng ta ngn cn s thay i .
Grouping: Order:
Hnh 5.8 Xy dng cc iu khin Form Controls
trong trng hp c nhiu i tng chng ln nhau v che khut nhau, chc nng ny iu khin i tng no ni ln trn cng hay nm di cng theo mc ch s dng.
Assign Macro...:
gn i tng cho mt th tc macro (VBA). Khi bm chut vo i tng th th tc s thi hnh.
nh dng i tng v. Cc iu khin ngoi nhng chc nng ring, chng u c nhng thuc tnh chung. Thuc tnh ca iu khin trong Form Controls quyt nh s lm vic ca chng. y chnh l ni dung cn tm hiu.
Format Control...:
Khi chn Format Control (hnh 5.8), ca s Format Control hin ra nh hnh 5.9. Thuc tnh Form Controls ca iu khin ch c bn phn Size, Protection, Web v Control (hnh 5.9, 5.10 v 5.11). Ba thuc tnh u ca cc iu khin nhn chung ging nhau, ch c mc Control khc nhau, ty thuc vo loi iu khin. Chng ta cng ln lt tm hiu cc thuc tnh ny.
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Thuc tnh Size Thuc tnh Size quyt nh kch c, s cn i ca iu khin. Chng ta thy nh dng iu khin cng ging nh mt i tng ha trong Excel hoc Word. Do , ni dung ny khng cn cp na. Thuc tnh Protection Thuc tnh ny ngn cn s thay i ca ngi khc khi s dng chc nng bo v worksheet. Locked:
Khng cho thay i v tr iu khin (mc
Hnh 5.9 Ca s thuc tnh Size
nh). Khng cho thay tn ca iu khin (mc nh). Mt s iu khin khng c tn hoc khng sa trc tip tn th khng c mc ny (v d nh: List Box, Scroll Bar, Spin Bar,...).
Lock text:
Hnh 5.10 Ca s Protection
Thuc tnh Web Alternative name cho php thay i tn hin th ca i tng. Web s s dng tn thay th trong hp Alternative name truy cp Web. Tn iu khin hin ra trong hp Name Box, c th thay i trc tip trn Form bng cch bm chut phi chut vo iu khin, sau sa theo mun.
Hnh 5.11 Ca s Web v danh sch iu khin trong Tab Order ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Thuc tnh Control iu khin s lm vic ca cc i tng, to s lin kt gia iu khin v worksheet. Mi i tng c nhng iu khin ring. Sau y, ti s m t thuc tnh Control vi mt s iu khin hay s dng. Thuc tnh Control iu khin s lm vic ca cc i tng, to s lin kt gia iu khin v worksheet. Mi i tng c nhng iu khin ring. iu khin Option Button Hnh 5.12 c ba i tng Option Button, chng ta ch chn c mt trong ba i tng . Cc thng s thit lp trong Control:
Unchecked: Khng Checked: Chn. Mixed: Ln Cell link:
chn.
ln (khng r l chn hay khng chn).
lin kt vi bng tnh. Trong mt nhm Option Button c xc nh bi iu khin Group Box, theo th t nt c chn th lin kt c s theo th t lp, bt u t 1, 2, 3,... a ch lin kt hin trn thanh cng thc khi chng ta bm vo iu khin .
3-D shading:
To hnh ni 3D cho nt lnh (nn

Hnh 5.12 Ca s thuc tnh Control ca iu khin Option Button
thit lp).
ThS Ph n T H
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iu khin Check Box Hnh 5.13 c ba i tng trong nhm nh dng cho ch, chng ta c ty chn ba i tng . Cc thng s thit lp trong Control:
Unchecked: Khng Checked: Chn. Mixed: Ln Cell link:
chn.
ln (khng r trng hp chn).
a ch lin kt vi bng tnh, gi tr trong l TRUE, FALSE, #N/A tng ng vi trng hp Unchecked, Checked, Mixed. a ch lin kt hin trn thanh cng thc khi bm vo iu khin .
Hnh 5.13 Ca s thuc tnh Control ca iu khin Check Box
iu khin List Box Chng ta cn chn mt hoc nhiu tn trong danh sch hc sinh (hnh 5.14). Cc thng s thit lp trong Control:
Input range: a Cell link:
ch khi hin th, c th nhp Name.
a ch lin kt. Theo th t phn t c chn, lin kt hin s th t, bt u t 1, 2, 3,... a ch lin kt hin trn thanh cng thc khi iu khin c chn. Cho php c chn mt (Single) hoc nhiu tn (Multi) hay m rng (Extend).
Selection type:
ng Hnh 5.14 Ca s thuc tnh Control ca iu khin List Box
ThS Ph n T H
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iu khin Combo Box / Drop Box Chng ta ch c chn mt trong danh sch ting ni (hnh 5.15). Cc thng s thit lp trong Control: Input range: a ch khi hin th, c th nhp Name. Cell link: a ch lin kt. Theo th t phn t c chn, lin kt hin s th t, bt u t 1, 2, 3,... a ch lin kt hin trn thanh cng thc khi iu khin c chn. Drop down line: S dng th xung (mc nh l 8). iu khin Spin Button iu khin ny cho php chn cc gi tr tng hoc gim dn theo chiu mi tn ln xung. Gi tr nhn c thay i trong lin kt. iu khin ny hay c s dng khi cn thay i mt gi tr no bin i trong phm vi khng rng, ng thi quan st c s thay i ca kt qu tnh ton (hnh 5.16). Current value: Gi tr hin ti ca iu khin. Minimum value: Gi tr nh nht ca iu khin (0). Maximum value: Gi tr ln nht ca iu khin (30,000). Incremental change: Bc gi tr thay i khi bm vo mi tn ln, xung. Cell link: a ch lin kt vi bng tnh, gi tr trong chnh l gi tr hin ti ca iu khin. a ch lin kt hin trn thanh cng thc khi bm vo iu khin .
ThS Ph n T H ng Hnh 5.15 Ca s thuc tnh Control ca iu khin Combo Box
Hnh 5.16 Ca s thuc tnh Control ca iu khin Spin Button
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iu khin Scroll Bar iu khin ny cho php chn cc gi tr tng hoc gim dn theo chiu mi tn ln xung hoc tri phi (a dng hn so vi Spin Button). Gi tr nhn c thay i trong lin kt v c th xc nh c trng thi ca iu khin (hnh 5.17). iu khin ny hay c s dng khi cn thay i mt gi tr no bin i trong phm vi rng, ng thi quan st c s thay i ca kt qu tnh ton.
Current value: Gi
tr hin ti ca iu khin. tr nh nht ca iu khin (0). tr ln nht ca iu khin (30,000). Bc gi tr thay i khi bm vo mi tr thay i khi bm vo khong gia hnh mi tn v thanh trng thi ca iu khin.
Hnh 5.17 Ca s thuc tnh Control ca iu khin Scroll Bar
Minimum value: Gi Maximum value: Gi Incremental change:
tn ln, xung.
Page change: Bc gi Cell link: a
ch lin kt vi bng tnh, gi tr trong chnh l gi tr hin ti ca iu khin.
Nh bit, cc iu khin trong Form Controls u c lin kt trc tip vi worksheet thng qua lin kt (Cell link). Do , chng ta c th khai thc chc nng ny iu khin bng tnh nh mt s hm nh hm nh IF, INDEX, LOOKUP, VLOOKUP,... hay thit lp Conditional Formating, Data Validation.
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Vi iu khin Option Button n gin nht l dng hm IF xc nh tn i tng c chn tng ng vi s th t ca n trong lin kt (hnh 5.18).
Vi iu khin Check Box Kt qu ca s chn la th hin ti lin kt l TRUE v FALSE. Da vo gi tr ta c th s dng Conditional Formatting thit lp nh dng ti mun iu khin (hnh 5.19).
Hnh 5.18 Xc nh i tng Option Button nh hm IF
Vi iu khin List Box v Combo Box Vi nhng iu khin ny, tt nht l s dng hm INDEX xc nh gi tr c chn. Hnh 5.20 th hin kt qu xc nh i tng c chn cho 2 i tng theo tn v a ch khi . C th s dng lin kt dng ny thay v s dng VBA, nhn chung thun li cho nhng ngi khng bit v VBA. Tuy nhin, mt s iu khin khng c lin kt th bt buc phi s dng VBA.
ThS Ph n T H ng
Hnh 5.19 Conditional Formatting ti G13 v G14 theo mc ch thit lp
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iu khin Form Controls th chng ta bm phi chut v chn cc thc n iu khin. Nu ch mun thay i kch c iu khin th ti thc n bm Esc, i tng s c cc nt nh bao quanh chng ta di chuyn, thay i kch c theo mun ging nh cc Shape thng thng.
Hnh 5.20 S dung hm INDEX vi iu khin List Box v Combo Box
Mt s iu khin ActiveX Controls tng t Form Controls nn ti khng m t li. Bng 2 m t mt s iu khin ring bit ca ActiveX Controls m Form Controls khng c.
Bng 2: M t cc iu khin ring ca ActiveX Controls
Text Box
Hp nhp vn bn, cho php sa i v thm vn bn mi. TextBox l iu khin rt ph bin trong UserForm v c th s dng hin th hoc yu cu d liu t ngi s dng. Chng ta c th nhp vo chui, s, tham chiu hoc cng thc trong chng. Gn nh cho i tng Image. iu khin ny chp nhn loi nh nh *.bmp, *.cur, *.ico, *.jgp, *.wmf.
Image
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Cc iu khin ActiveX Controls u c nhng thuc tnh chung nh trnh by mc 2.3. Khi chng ta to mt ActiveX Controls, ch Design Mode c tc dng, ch r l iu khin ang c thit k v cha hot ng (hnh 5.21). Khi thit lp thuc tnh (menu Properties) hoc xy dng th tc (menu View Code) cho iu khin, hy hy ch Design Mode iu khin hot ng. Mc tip theo s hng dn chi tit v thit lp Properties cho mt s iu khin thng dng.
Hnh 5.21 iu khin ang ch Design Mode v ca s Properties
Thuc tnh Properties iu khin s lm vic ca cc i tng, to s lin kt gia iu khin v worksheet. Khi xy dng xong mt i tng, chn i tng v bm phi chut (hnh 5.21). Chn menu Properties th ca s Properties hin ra vi rt nhiu thuc tnh khc nhau, mt s thuc tnh l do khai bo v mt s th ch c php chn trong danh sch c sn. Ngoi nhng thuc tnh ring c th cho tng iu khin, chng cn c nhng thuc tnh chung. Bng 3 m t mt s thuc tnh chung nht ca cc iu khin.
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Bng 3: Cc thuc tnh chung ca i tng ActiveX Controls
BackColor BackStyle
Chn mu nn cho iu khin. C hai kiu la chn mu l System (h thng) v Palette (bng mu) nh hnh 5.21. Chn kiu nn cho iu khin. C hai kiu chn nh sau: - 1-fmBackStyleOpaque: Kiu nn c c thit lp trong BackColor (mc nh). - 2-fmBackStyleTransparent: Kiu nn trong sut, nh vy mu trong nt chnh l mu ca UserForm. Ph (l ni dung hin th bn cnh i tng) cho mt s i tng nh Option Button, Check Box, Label. Chng ta buc phi nhp trong ca s Properties nn khng th hin c ting Vit theo kiu g Unicode. l hn ch rt ln nu s dng nhng iu khin ny khi xy dng bng tnh ting Vit. Chn kiu font ch, kch c v kiu ch trong iu khin. Mu ca ch trong iu khin. Cch la chn ging nh thuc tnh BackColor. lin kt gi tr ca iu khin vi bng tnh, y l thuc tnh rt quan trng ca iu khin.
Caption
Font ForeColor LinkedCell
Vi iu khin kiu danh sch chn nh Combo Box, List Box hoc Text Box: hin th gi tr c chn ti . Vi iu khin kiu True/False nh Check Box, Option Button: hin th gi tr TRUE hoc FALSE ti .
Height Width Left Top
ThS Ph n T H ng
Xc nh cao ca iu khin, n v tnh l point (t ng bng cch ko chut hoc khai bo). Xc nh chiu rng ca iu khin (t ng hoc khai bo). Xc nh khong cch t mp tri ca bng tnh n iu khin (t ng hoc khai bo). Xc nh khong cch trn u ca bng tnh n iu khin (t ng hoc khai bo).
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PrintObject Shadow SpecialEffect Text Visible
C in i tng hay khng, mc nh l c (True) To bng m cho i tng, mc nh l khng (False) Hiu ng c bit hin th, c 5 kiu la chn. Ni dung hin th mc nh (vi i tng cha ch nh Combo Box v Text Box). Hin th hoc n iu khin trn bng tnh, mc nh l hin th (Visible = True).
Tuy c h tr nhiu thuc tnh nhng hn ch ln nht ca cc iu khin ActiveX Controls l khng c h tr Unicode (ting Vit). Do vy, kh nng ng dng ca chng khng cao. Ti ch cp n mt s iu khin m t b nh hng ca li hin th ting Vit. iu khin Combo Box, List Box y l 2 loi iu khin cho php chng ta la chn t danh sch c sn. Khc vi Form Controls l ch cho php hin th 1 ct, ActiveX Controls cho php hin th nhiu s ct chng ta d dng nm thm thng tin. V d nh trong hnh 5.22 c 1 bng d liu gm c s ha n, tn cng ty, gi tr hp ng, ngy k v thanh l hp ng c lin quan vi nhau. a ch tham chiu ca bng A3:F28. By gi chng ta xy dng iu khin Combo Box, List Box ly thng tin tng s ha n c lin quan. Nu s dng Form Controls th chng ta ch c th chn gi tr s ha n bt k m khng c thm bt k thng tin g khc trong qu trnh chn.
Hnh 5.22 Danh sch ha n lin quan n cc cng ty ThS Ph n T H ng www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Nhng vi ActiveX Controls th khc, chng c h tr thuc tnh ColumnCount c th hin th nhiu ct thng tin hn, gip ch cho qu trnh chn s ha n cho ph hp v mt s thuc tnh lin quan khc.
Bng 4: Mt s thuc tnh ring ca iu khin Combo Box, List Box
ColumnCount ColumnHeads
S ct cn hin th, mc nh bng 1. Cn ch khai bo ph hp vi s ct ca vng ListFillRange. Hin tiu ct hay khng? Mc nh l False. Tn ca ct s ly hng bn trn ca khi khai bo trong thuc tnh ListFillRange. Chiu rng tng ct, khai bo tng ng vi s ct trong ColumnCount. n v tnh l point, phn chia cc ct bi du phy. Vng d liu ngun. C th l Name, khi . Nu a ch l khi hin hnh th ch cn khai bo nh thng thng, nh trng hp ny l B4:D28. Nu sheet khc th phi c tn ng dn nh ActiveX!B4:D28 (ActiveX l tn sheet cha a ch tham chiu ti). S dng th xung khi c chn i vi Combo Box. Mc nh l 8 hng. Kiu hin th, c 2 loi: 0-fmListStylePlain: kiu thun ty (mc nh). 1-fmListStyleOption: kiu c biu tng Option u tng dng. p dng cho List Box.
ColumnWidths
ListFillRange
ListRows ListStyle
Locked
Kha i tng. Nu l True (mc nh) th ch c php chn trong danh sch khai bo. Nu l False th c th g ni dung bt k vo trong iu khin (ch c tc dng vi Combo Box v i tng ny c thuc tnh Text).
ThS Ph n T H
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113
Sau khi thit lp cc thuc tnh nh trn, v cn mt thuc tnh quan trng nht l LinkedCell cha khai bo. Vi trng hp khai bo ListFillRange l khi th LinkedCell ch ly gi tr ca ct u tin ca ListFillRange. - Vi i tng Combo tnh LinkedCell l J4.
Box:
khai bo thuc
Hnh 5.23 i tng Combo Box v xy dng hm tm kim
- Vi i tng List Box: khai bo thuc tnh LinkedCell l J16. Sau khi thit xong, bm vo nt Design Mode a cc iu khin vo hot ng. Vi i tng Combo Box, chng ta thy rt r cc ct hin th tng ng vi khai bo v c tiu r rng, rt thun li cho qu trnh chn gi tr ph hp. Sau khi to c lin kt, ch cn s dng hm Vlookup l c th tm c cc thng tin tng ng vi s ha n . Vi i tng List Box th hi khc mt cht, chiu cao ph thuc vo mun chng ta. u mi dng u c nt trn th hin hng no c chn. Cch xy dng cng thc tm kim tng t nh trn.
Hnh 5.24 i tng List Box
Nu mun sa li thuc tnh cho i tng, chng ta bm Design Mode (hnh 5.21). Sau tin hnh sa i ph hp. iu khin khc Nhn chung, cc iu khin khc khng hn g so vi Form Controls, thm ch b hn ch ln l khng th hin c ting Vit nh Option Button, Check Box, Label... (hnh 5.25). Ch c i tng Text Box trong Form Control khng c. Tuy nhin i tng Text Box thng khng hu ch cho lm v ta c th dng nhp d liu.
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Chng ta hy b cht thi gian khm ph cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng ny l s nm r. Ghi ch: ch Design Mode, cc iu khin vn b li hin th ting Vit (hnh 5.26), nhng khng nh hng g n cng vic. Khi thot khi ch Design Mode, tc l i tng trng thi hot ng, ch ting Vit li hin th r rng. Ch tr i tng Text Box, phi khi no con chut nm trong n th ting Vit mi hin th r rng.
Hnh 5.25 Mt s i tng trong ActiveX Controls
gip chng ta xy dng v x l cc thng tin t bng tnh c chnh xc cao, c tnh khoa hc v thm m. Ch cn bt cht thi gian nghin cu, tm hiu l chng ta d dng khai thc v s dng chng. Hn na, chng ta khng cn phi s dng bt c dng lnh no m kt qu vn t ng ha mt cch ti a. Tt nhin, vi nhng ai am hiu v lp trnh VBA a vo trong Controls th s khai thc su hn, trit hn v gii quyt nhng bi ton phc tp hn.
Controls
Mi gp , trao i xin lin h vi Tc gi theo a ch: tuhuongdcct36@gmail.com
Hnh 5.26 Li hin th ting Vit ch Design Mode
ThS Ph n T H
ng
Ti liu tham kho
115
Ti liu tham kho

Bi Nguyn Triu Tng. Chuyn i Excel 2003 sang Excel 2007-2010. Lt, 2012. Phan T Hng. Lp trnh VBA trong Excel (ti bn ln th t). NXB Thng k. H Ni, 2012. Tng hp cc bi vit ca cc thnh vin trong din n GPE www.giaiphapexcel.com Phan T Hng. Excel nng cao dnh cho Ban kinh t xy dng - Tp on Vingroup. H Ni, 2012. Microsoft. Excel Help. www.microsoft.com v cc hng dn lin quan. David and Raina Hawley. Excel Hacks. OReilly Media, 2007. Trn Thanh Phong - Trn Thanh Thi. Microsoft Excel - Cung cp nhng kin thc cn thit gip lm vic hiu qu trn bng tnh. Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright. TP. HCM, 2007. Phm Thnh M - Trn Thanh Phong - Bi Nguyn Triu Tng (lc dch v b sung). Cc tuyt chiu trong Excel (Phn 1).
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Cac Chuyen de Hay Trong Excel 2007-2010 - Mung SN GPE 7

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Cac Chuyen de Hay Trong Excel 2007-2010 - Mung SN GPE 7

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Chuyn

ThS. Phan T Hng

TRUNG TM O TO SMART TRAIN

NEW HORIZONS - CNG TY C PHN TIN HC LC VIT

CNG TY C PHN BLUESOFTS

CNG TY C PHN PHN MM QUN L DOANH NGHIP (FAST)

CNG TY C PHN NGUN LC CNG NG

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

ng dng macro trong vic s dng hm t to ............................................................................. 41

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Xy dng v lm vic vi i tng Table trong Excel 2007 ...................................................... 66

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

9.5. Sp xp v lc d liu trong Table ................................................................................................ 92 10. Kt lun....................................................................................................................................................... 94

S dng cc iu khin nng cao Control trong excel ................................................................... 95

Ti liu tham kho ........................................................................................................................................................ 115

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

Hinh 1.1 Cu hnh qut trong BKAV 2011

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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

Hinh 1.5 Thit lp ch hin th cc th mc n trong Windows Explorer

Hinh 1.6 Ca s Macro cha cc macro

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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

Hinh 1.8 Name rc do virus to ra www.giaiphapexcel.com

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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

Hnh 1.9 Cch lm hin sheet b n trong Excel

Hnh 1.10 Sheet b n cha cc virus macro4 ThS Ph n T H ng

Hinh 1.11 Cc lm hin b siu n trong ca s Microsoft Visual Basic www.giaiphapexcel.com

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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

Hinh 1.13 Thit lp hin th i vi Shape, Object b n trong Excel 2007

Hinh 1.14 S dng Go To Special tm v xa cc Object do virus to ra www.giaiphapexcel.com

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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

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i tng Shape do virus to ra thng b n nn cn cho hin ra bng th tc sau:

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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

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Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013

Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013