Đồ án Thiết kế phân xưởng sản xuất nước dứa ép tron

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong
GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o
LI NI U
Rau qu ng vai tr quan trng trong dinh dng con ngi. Rau qu khng ch cung cp cho con ngi nhng cht dinh dng cn thit m cn gip cho qu trnh tiu ha cc cht dinh dng khc mt cch d dng. Ni khc hn rau qu l thnh phn khng th thiu trong dinh dng con ngi.... Do tm l ngi Vit Nam t xa n nay khng thch dng cc sn phm thc phm t rau qu c qua ch bin cng nghip nhm mang mc ch d tr, ko di thi gian s dng nn hu nh ngnh cng nghip hp ca nc ta ch mi pht trin trong nhng nm gn y cng vi s pht trin ca i sng. Ngy nay rau qu khng ch c s dng dng ti m cn c ch bin thnh nhiu loi sn phm khc nhau, trong ph bin nht l cc loi nc qu. Hin nay trn th trng nc ta xut hin rt nhiu loi nc qu vi xut x khc nhau c c sn phm trong nc ln nhp khu t bn ngoi. Cc nh sn xut thc phm ca Vit Nam ang dn cnh tranh vi cc i th nc ngoi do c li th v ngun nguyn liu kh phong ph. T nhng qu da cc vng min ni ting nc ta cho ra i mt loi sn phm nc qu mi, kh hp dn i vi ngi tiu dng, l nc da p. Tuy nhin l sn phm mi ra i nn cng cn nhiu hn ch cn c nghin cu tim ra hng khc phc nhm hon thin hn sn phm. Nhng hn ch m sn phm gp phi l thi gian bo qun cn ngn, hng v t nhin ca sn phm kh gi c trong sut qu trnh bo qun, v gi thnh ca sn phm cn kh cao. Do vy yu cu t ra l tim bin php ci thin hng v cng nh ko di thi gian bo qun cho sn phm nc da p, ng thi cng tim cch h gi thnh cho sn phm.
I. TNG QUAN
1.1. Lp lun kinh t - k thut: Trong x hi hin nay, vn n ung ngy cng c quan tm nhiu hn, c bit l v vn dinh dng. Ha chung cng vi v s nhng loi thc phm p ng c nhu cu trn phi k n da. Tri da cha hn hp enzyme tiu ha cht m ( the protein digesting enzyme mixture) c gi l bromelain. Vi vy nc p da l mt thc ung kh b dng, c th h tr tiu ha. Ngoi ra n cng l mt tc nhn chng vim, v c tc dng gim hay cha mt s loi bnh nh tim mch, h hp, . . b n cnh mu sc ca nc da cng kh hp dn, c th to hn hp nc p vi mt s loi tri cy khc, v trong thnh phn nc p cn c mt lng kh ln vitamin c, vitamin B, cng nhiu cht khong nh K, Ca... Nc ta l nc nhit i vi rt nhiu tri cy ch o c trng cho nng sut ln v em li thu nhp cho quc gia thng qua xut khu nh chui, cam, bi, da... Trong , da l loi ti cy c trng kh d dng v l mt trong nhng sn phm c xut khu kh nhiu, c bit c a chung cc nc cng nghip pht trin.
SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng
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Bng 1 : Din tch gieo trng v nng sut da phn theo a phng (theo trang Thng k thng tin an ninh lng thc ca B nng nghip v pht trin nng thn) Tnh/Thnh ph nm 2007 2006 Din tch trng Nng sut - Din tch trng Nng sut - lOOOha T/ha - lOOOha T/ha C nc Min Bc - ng bng Sng Hng - ng Bc - Ty Bc Min Trung - Bc Trung B - Nam Trung B - Ty Nguyn Min Nam - ng Nam B - B Sng Cu Long 43,2 8,7 3,8 3,6 1,3 12,3 6,1 4,7 1,5 22,2 0,9 21,3 144 212 100 102 38,6 9,1 5,2 2,8 1,1 13,5 7,9 4,2 1,4 16 1,1 14,9 143,4 194,5 94,2 102,5
143 101 144 222 150
145,3 70,8 140,7 234,3 151,9
Vit Nam ang tng bc cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc, do cc sn phm cng nghip c li cho sc khe cng c sn xut rng ri, trong c sn phm nc da p ong. Bn cnh sn phm nc da p trong kh ph bin cc nc phng Ty. y l mt th trng ln kh hp dn nhng cng i hi kh khc khe v cc tiu chun. Do , cn thit xy dng nhng nh my sn xut nc da p tong t tiu chun v c nng sut cao. s La chn a im xy dng nh my: a im la chn xy dng nh my l khu cng nghip M Tho - Tin Giang. a im trn c la chn l v cc nguyn nhn sau: o Tin Giang l a phng c din tch trng da ln (nm 2007 l lllOOha), vi nng sut ln (nm 2007 l 164,6 t/ha), c th cung cp ngun nguyn liu ti ch cho nh my, gim chi ph vn chuyn t ni thu hoch n ni ch bin, o Kh gn thnh ph H Ch Minh, thun li cho vic vn chuyn thnh phm n ni tiu th. o C s h tng hon chnh, p ng nhu cu cho sn xut, c bit l ngun nc sch, o Ngun nhn cng di do s La chn nng sut nh my : Trn th trng trong v ngoi nc cng c cc sn phm t da nh nc p, nc da c c, da nc ng, tuy vy nhu cu v cc sn phm ny c th tng, ngun nguyn liu di do.. .Nh vy, ta chn nng sut ca nh my l 1,8 triu lt/nm. 1.2. Tng quan v nc qu p trong; Nc qu p trong l loi c ch bin bng cch tch dch bo ra khi m qu bng phng php p, sau dch p c lng lc trit .
SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng Page 2
S Yu cu ca nguyn liu: Ngi ta thng dng nhiu chng loi hoa qu khc nhau ch bin nc qu. Nguyn liu cn c cc cht ng, acid, tannin, cht thm, cht mu v dch qu. Cc ch tiu quan trng nht, c trng cho phm cht dch qu l hm lng cht kh v acid. Qu dng ch bin nc qu phi ti tt, khng bm dp, su thi,c chn thch hp. Neu qu cha chn th mng t bo cng, dch bo t, hm lng ng thp, acid cao nn chua nhiu. Qu qu chn th m qu mm v b, khi p tht qu kt li khng cho dch qu thot ra, dch qu c nhiu bt v kh lng lc. Nhng qu c vt rm ngoi v khng c nh hng nhiu n hng v ca dch qu. Kch thc v hnh dng ca qu cng khng nh hng nhiu n phm cht nc qu. Trong cng 1 loi rau qu, cc ging khc nhau s cho cht lng khc nhau. Nc rau qu phi c sn xut t ging c cht lng cao nht, tc l c hng, v, mu sc hi ho, c trng nht cho loi qu. s Bo qun: o Thanh trng: Thng i vi cc loi nc qu th yu cu nhit thanh trng thng khng qu cao(<100C), thi gian thanh trng thng khong 10-25 pht ty loi qu. o Rt nng: Nc qu c acid cao nn l mi trng hot ng ca nm mc v nm men, do c th bo qun bng cch rt nng do nm men v nm mc km chu nhit. un nng nc qu ln 90-95C trong 30-40 giy ri rt vo chai l thy tinh ln st trng ri em ng np ngay. Nc qu vi dung tch ln s ngui chm nn st trng. Neu ng nc qu trong bao bi nh th phng php ny khng hiu qu. o Bo qun bang CO2: Ngi ta np kh C02 vi t l 1.5% (so vi khi lng nc qu) bo qun nc qu trong thng d tr ln. ha tan ca C02 trong nc qu ph thuc vo p sut kh quyn, nhit nc qu. Nhit cng thp, p sut cng ln th ha tan ca C02 cng nhiu. Neu bo qun nc qu 15-20c cn c p sut cao th gp kh khn khi thc hin. Neu bo qun nhit qu thp thi nc qu b ng bng. Vi th, tt nht l bo qun nc qu bng C02 0-5C. o Bo qun bng cch lc thanh trng: C th thanh trng nc qu bng cch lc qua aming p v xenluloza c l nh gi li vi sinh vt. Nc qu qua lc cn ng hp ngay trong iu kin v trng, o Bo qun bng ha cht: Ngi ta cn bo qun nc qu bn ph phm bng ru etylic, kh S02, Natr i benzoate v acid sorbic. Sau khi pha ru vi t l 25-30%(so vi th tch nc qu), sau 15-25 ngy, em gn cn. Lng cn cn li trong nc qu khng qu 0.1%. Natri benzoate cho vo nc qu vi t l 0.1% tnh theo khi lng nc qu cn acid sorbic ch cn t l 0.05-0.1%. s Cc dng h hng ca hp nc qu: o H hng do vi sinh vt: Cc loi hp c th b h hng do vi sinh vt sinh ra cc cht kh, c th gy ra phng np hoc khng sinh kh, khng phng np nhng c nhng du hiu thc phm b h hng nh nc vn c, c bt, c mi l. Nguyn nhn:
Thanh trng khng ng ch : Tc l thanh trng nhit v thi gian cha yu cu. Mi loi hp khi a vo sn xut u c nghin cu, s dng mt ch thanh trng thch hp.Trong iu kin v sinh km,mc nhim trng trong sn phm ch bin v trong dy chuyn sn xut cao, nu khng thay i ch thanh trng thi coi nh thanh trng khng ch .V vy, gi v sinh trong sn xut hp l 1 yu cu quan trng hng u. Phng php lm ngui khng thch hp: Cc nha bo ca vi sinh vt a nng cn li pht trin mnh trong khong 48.90 - 71.10c. Do , cn lm ngui nhanh xung di 45c. y Moi ghp b h: Do c cu ghp lm vic khng ng qui tc, hoc do mi hn dc b h hoc do p sut d qu cao khi thanh trng. Khi b h, nc lm ngui l ngun nhim vi sinh vt ch yu, cn khng kh ch l ngun ph. Trong hp h t thy c nm mc, cn nm men ch thy khi hp h nhiu, m thng gp l cu khun, vi khun c nha bo hay khng c nha bo. Ngi ta cn thy hp h c acid cao thi mt phn ln vi sinh vt xm nhp vo b tiu dit ngay. V snh vt pht trin nhiu frc khi thanh trng: Nu khng c thc hin ng quy trnh cng ngh, ch v sinh cng nghip, thi sn phm ch bin b nhim trng nhiu. Mc khc sau khi ghp kn, hp phi ch i thanh trng qu lu, nhit nng khng cao, cc vi sinh vt pht trin lm hng hp trc khi thanh trng. Bo qun nhit cao: a s vi sinh vt pht trin nhit xung quanh 37c, loi a m li pht trin mnh nhit 23C-38C. V th nhit bo qun thng di 20c. Nu nhit trong kho bo qun trn 21c, c bit t 30c tr ln s kch thch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt sng st sau khi thanh trng d lm hng hp. o H hng do hin tng ha hc: Hin tng n mn lp m ca bao b hp st sinh ra kh hidro c th lm cho hp b phng. Hin tng phng tuy khng mnh bng do vi sinh vt nhng kim loi nhim kh nhiu vo sn phm. Cc phn ng ha hc gia cc thnh phn thc phm, gia thc phm vi bao bi to thnh cc cht lm gim phm cht ca hp v gi tr dinh dng v cm quan, c trng hp lm cho hp b h hng, o H hng do tc dng c l: Trong cc giai on ghp m, thanh trng, bo qun v vn chuyn, hp c th b h hng do phng, bp, mo v g. hp c th b phng do xp sn phm ngui qu dy, do bi kh khng y , do chuyn ch t x lnh sang x nng, t vng thp ln vng cao. hp b bin dng bp, mo, g do thc hin khng ng cc thao tc k thut trong qu trnh ch bin thanh trng, vn chuyn, bo qun hay s dng nguyn vt liu khng ng qui cch. hp b h hng do tc dng c l ch mt gi t v mt thng phm, m khng mt gi tr dinh dng, thc phm khng b bin i, c th ch bin li hoc dng ch bin cc sn phm khc.
ILNGUYN LIU:
2.1. Da: s Ngun gc c im thc vt:

Da l mt loi cy n tri nhit i c tn khoa hc l Ananas comosus, thuc h tm gi Bromeiaceae, rt c a chung phng Ty, v cng vi xoi, da c mnh danh l vua hoa tr\ Da c nhng c tnh ca mt loi tri ngon theo tiu chun ca ngi phng Ty, mi da mnh, hp dn, ngt cao v lun i i vi mt chua khng bao gi thiu. Ngun gc cy da l t Nam M, trong khu vc t gic bao gm vng pha Nam Brazil v Bc Argentina, Paragoay, ni ngi da bn x tuyn chn v trng trt da lu i. Ngy nay, da c trng ph bin tt c cc nc nhit i v mt s nc nhit i c ma ng m, tp trung nht l Hawai (33% sn lng th gii), Thi Lan (16%), Braxin (10%), v Mhico (9%). min Bc Vit Nam, da c nhiu Vnh Ph, H Bc, Tuyn Quang, Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Thanh Ha v Ngh An. Thn cy da c hnh bp mng, di 20-30 cm, ty ging v iu kin canh tc. L da che kn thn cy nn kh trng thy c. Thn cy chia lm hai phn, thn trn mt t tng i non mm, thn ngm gi hn, c nhiu mm c th dng nhn ging. Thn to mp biu hin cy sinh trng khe, thn di v nh th cy sinh trng km, nng sut thp, chi mc ra cng yu. L da mc dy v theo hnh xon c, l hp di ging hnh li kim. L da phn b u, xe ra bn pha theo hnh hoa th, c th hng nhng git ma nh v c git sng. L da di t 85-200 cm, rng t 4-10 cm. Mi cy c khong t 20 l tr ln. Ging da hoa mi cy c khong 10-50 l, da ta v da c bnh mi cy c 60-80 l. L mu xanh nht, xanh vng, xanh pha hay xanh thm. Vin l c gai ngn (loi c gai) hoc khng c gai (loi khng c gai nhng u l c mt t gai). Mi l c mt lp phn trng. Hoa da l mt loi hoa chm. Mi mt chm hoa c rt nhiu hoa nh, bc quanh mt cung hoa chung. Ging c binh trung binh mi chm c 100-150 hoa nh. Cc ging da ta v da hoa trung bnh mi chm c 40-150 hoa. s hoa (sau ny l mt da) cng nhiu thi khi lng tri cng ln. Khi cy da ra hoa thi s mt s c nh, khng tng thm na. Vi vy bn phn y v hon thnh trc giai on phn ha mm hoa c tc dng quyt nh i vi khi lng tri v nng sut da. Thi gian t lc ra hoa cho n khi tri chm ca ging da hoa t 120-150 ngy, ging da ta v ging c bnh t 135-165 ngy. Sau khi trng, t 9-24 thng th ra hoa. Neu trng bng chi ngm mc ln, thi gian ra tri s sm. Trng bng chi ngn tri ra chm. Tri da l mt i kp. Khi i chn, v tri t mu tm thm tr sang tm xanh, dn dn mt vi hng nh pha di bin vng v sau cng ton c tri u mu v ng hay mu vng . Tri ln hay nh, hnh dng mu sc cng ty theo mi ging da m khc nhau. Cng mt ging da nhng nhit cao hay thp, thi gian sinh trng di ngn, cy mnh hay yu cng nh hng n tri ln nh khc nhau. Tri da sinh trng trong thi k nhit cao, m ln th thi gian sinh trng ngn hn thi k kh hn v rt. Da l cy nhit i nn thch nhit cao. Nhit thch hp nht l nhit binh qun hng nm t 21-27c, nhit binh qun thng thp nht khng di 15c v thng cao nht khng qu 35c. Nu nhit qu cao, nht l khi gp tri m, ngoi vic khng c li cho vic tch ly cht kh, tri da cn d b mt i di hng. Nhit qu thp gy nh
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hng xu n tri v l. Cy da thuc loi cy sng lu nm. Sau khi thu hoch tri th chi nch trn cy m li tip tc pht trin thnh mt cy mi v c tri, thng b hn v trc. Nhiu th h ni tip nhau s lm cho v tr gc ca nhng cy i sau cao dn ln, r kh tip xc vi t. l nguyn nhn chnh lm cho vn da chng tn. Vi vy nhng vng trng da tp trung ch nn thu hoch 2-3 v tri, ko di hn na thi nng sut thp, tri nh dn, cht lng km, su bnh pht trin nng. Lng ma trung binh hng nm t 1200-2000 mm l thch hp nht i vi sinh trng v pht trin ca cy da. Nhu cu nc hng ngy ca cy da tng ng vi mt lng ma t 1,25-2 mm, tc l t 12,5-20 m3 nc/ha. Sau khi trng, cy da bn r nu gp hn ko di 4-6 thng thi thi gian sinh trng s ko di thm, nhng t nh hng n nng sut. Tri li trc v trong giai on phn ha hoa m thiu nc thi nng sut da s gim st r rt. m khng kh trung bnh hng nm cn thit t 75% tr ln. Vn da c nh sng th nng sut tng, hm lng ng cao, v tri bng p, thch hp cho vic xut khu tri ti v ch bin. Thiu nh sng thi nng sut s gim, v chua v hm lng ng thp, v ti c mu xm ti. Nhng nh sng qu mnh s gy rm tri, l ng mu vng . Cc ging da hoa v da c binh cn nh sng nhiu hn. Tri li, cc ging da ta v da mt li cn c cy cao to nh lim, trm che bong mt tha tht. Ni chung cy da cn nh sng tn x. Cy da khng kn t, t ti xp v thot nc nhanh u c th trng da. sn i, ng rung hay nhng ni c cc loi c tp, nhiu cy c mc, rng non u c th trng c da. Ni t trng khng thot nc, t cht cng, ph sa qu nh, t c nhiu Mn, vi u khng thch hp trng da. t trng da tt nht l t ct pha, t mi khai ph, t su, nhiu cht mu v c cht st, pH t 4,5-5% l thch hp nht. s Thnh phn ha hc: Tri da c 72-88% nc, 8-18,5% ng, 0,3-0,8% acid, 0,25-0,5% protein, khong 0,25% mui khong. 70% ng da l saccharose, cn li l glucose. Acid nhiu nht trong thnh phn acid hu c ca da l acid citric (65%), cn li l acid malic (20%), acid taric (10%), acid succinic (3%). Da cn cha enzyme thy phn protein l Bromelin. Hm lng bromeline tng dn t ngoi vo ong v t di gc ln trn ngn. Bromelin c sn xut bng cch trch ly t v v ci da. Hm lng vitamin c khong 15-55 mg%, vitamin A 0,06 mg%, vitamin Bi 0,09 mg%, vitamin B2 0,04 mg%... Thnh phn ha hc ca da cng nh cc loi rau tri khc thay i theo ging, chi, thi v, a im v iu kin trng trt. S Phn loi: Da c tt c khong 60-70 ging, nhng c th gp chung thnh ba nhm chnh: o Nhm da Queen: Tri da Queen tng i nh, khi lng trung binh mi tri 0,8-1,6 kg/tri, mt li, dng tr trn kh u. Tht tri vng m, gin, hng da, v chua ngt m . Nhm ny c cht lng cao nht, trn th gii thng dng n ti v xut khu. Da hoa, da ty, da
Victoria, khm cng thuc nhm da ny. Nhm da Queen c trng nhiu nht trong ba nhm Vit Nam. o Nhm da Cayenne: Da Cayenne cho tri ln nht, khi lng trung binh 1,5-2,5 kg/tri, mt phang v nng. Tri c dng tr cn, ln di gc nh dn u ngn. Tht tri km vng, nhiu nc, t ngt v km thm hn da Queen. Da c bnh, da ty thuc nhm ny. Vi ph hp vi ch bin cng nghip, nhm Cayenne c trng hu ht cc vng da ln trn th gii (Thi Lan, Hawai, Philippin...). Vit Nam ang c nhng d n y mnh trng da Cayenne thnh quy m ln, nhng vic s dng loi da ny vn cha thng dng lm. o Nhm da Spanish: Tri da Spanish ln hn da Queen, mt to v su. Tht tri vng nht, c ch trng, v chua, t mi thm nhng nhiu nc hn da hoa. Da ta, da mt, da thuc nhm da Spanish. Nhm ny c cht lng km nht, c trng lu i v tp trung khu vc Lin Sn (Tam Dng, Vnh Ph). Mi loi c nhng c trng ring, y do chn nguyn liu l ging da Queen v nhm da ny c y nhng yu cu cn thit cho sn xut nc qu trong, c trng nhiu nht Vit Nam, m bo cung ng nguyn liu. s Tiu chun nguyn liu: - Da nguyn liu c nhn vin phng QA nh gi, phn loi ri mi a vo ch bin. - Da khi nhn vo bng, cung cn ti (bng t nhin, cung di khng qu lOcm). - Da gi bng (phi n t 2/3 hng mt tr ln). - Rut da phi c mu vng nht tr ln. Qu da phi ti tt, khng dp ng, khng chi qu (c mi ln men). - Khng su bnh, khng meo mc, khng b khuyt tt, khng dnh bn, t, chut cn v c mi l khc. S Ch tiu v chn; chn ca da nh gi theo mu sc v qu c 5 mc sau: - chn 4: 100% qu c mu vng sm, n 5 hng mt m. - chi 3: 75-100% v qu c mu vng ti, khong 4 hng mt m. - chn 2: 25-75% v qu c mu vng ti, 3 hng mt m. - chi 1 : qu vn cn xanh bng, 1 hng mt m. - chn 0: qu vn cn xanh sm, mt cha m. Da c dng trong qu trnh p ny tt nht l c chn cp 4 hoc 3 m bo thu c nhiu dch nht. S Thu hoch v bo qun da cho sn xut: Ty theo v ni trng, da Queen thu hoch t nhin vo thng 3, 4, 5 v 6; da Cayenne thu hoch vo thng 6, 7, 8; da ta thu hoch vo thng 6, 7. Trong nhng nm gn y do c tin hnh x l da bng t n, ngi ta c th bt da Queen kt tri vo bt c lc no, c ngha l c th thu hoch quanh nm. Da cng nh cc loi tri cy nhit i khc rt nhy cm vi nhit . Nu nhit
qu cao, lm tri da b ho, mm, v mu khng cn ti. Da b cm lnh do tc dng ca nhit thp. Mc cm lnh ty theo nhit , chn ca tri, ging da... Da xanh b cm lnh ngay 9-10C, cn da chn 4-6C. Khi b cm lnh da b nu en li v lan dn ra pha ngoi. Da rt chng h hng do h hp ym kh. Neu bo qun da trong kho kn, m nc th rt d lm thi da. Vic th da trn mng (tp qun thu hoch da min Nam) lm cho da chng b ng. Thu hoch da bng cch dng dao ct cung, cn phi thc hin thu hoch nh nhng, trnh lm bm gip, gy ngn hoc gy cung, ct tri km theo mt on cung di 2-3 cm. vt ct phi phang, nhn, khng c dp cung. Thu hoch vo ngy tnh ro, trnh thu hoch lc ang ma. Khi cn ly chi ngn trng hoc b i u phi dng dao ct, khng c b vi vt lm vo tri s gy mau thi tri. Sau khi hi da tng tri nh nhng vo bao b, hay gi, thng tre v chuyn sang thng g ch i. Gia cc tri nn n vt mm trnh c st. Thu hoch xong phi vn chuyn da v kho ngay, khng c cht ng ngoi nng. Kho cha phi cao, thong, sch. Nen kho, dao, st.. .phi st trng bng formol nng 35% tiu dit nm thi Thielaviopsis paradosa. Chn tri lnh ln, vt b l bc gc tri, ct bng cung cch gc tri 2-3 cm. Chi hoc x l dit rt sp. ng gi nhanh, a vo kho mt gi nhit 7 -8C, m 8590%. Thi gian t lc thu hoch cho n khi a vo kho mt khng qu 24 gi v ma h v khng qu 36 gi v v ng xun. Vn chuyn bng tu lnh hoc x lan lnh. Nhp da theo chu k 4 ngy/ln. Ch nhp da c chn 2 v 3. Khi bo qun da ch ch bin, sau khi thu hoch xong phi a nhanh da vo kho mt nhit 26 - 28c, m trong kho 85-90%. 2.2. Nc: Tiu chun nc dng trong cng nghip thc phm.
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Bng 2: Tiu chun v sinh nc dng trong cng nghip thc phm (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh ca B ng B Y t s 1329/ 2002/BYT/Q ngy 1 8 / 4 /2002) Tn ch tiu Phng php th Mc n Gii S gim st v hn ti th t tnh a
PT1 ^ 1 f i A
I
1.
Ch tiu cm quan v thnh phn v c Mu sc (a) TCU 15 TCVN 6185- 1996 (ISO 7887-1985) Khng Cm quan c mi, V l 2 (ISO 7027 - 1990) TCVN 6184- 1996 6,5-8,5 mg/1 300 TCVN 6224 - 1996 1000 AOAC SMEWW hoc A A B A
2.
Mi v (a)
A A
3.
c (a)
NTU
4. 5. 6.
pH(a) cng (a)
Tng cht rn ho mg/1 tan (TDS) (a)
TCVN 6053 - 1995 (ISO 9696 - 1992) 7. Hm lng nhm (a) 8. Hm lng Amoni, tnh theo NH4+ (a) 9. Hm lng Antimon mg/1 0,005 mg/1 mg/1 0,2 ISO 12020 - 1997 1,5 TCVN 5988 1995SO 5664 1984) AOAC SMEWW B B
hoc c
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10.
Hm lng Asen
mg/1
0,01 TCVN 6182 1996 (ISO 6595 - 1982)
Hm lng Bari 11. 12.
mg/1
0,7
AOAC hoc SMEWW
13.
Hm lng Bo tnh mg/1 chung cho c Borat v Axit boric mg/1 Hm lng Cadimi
0,3
ISO 9390 - 1990
c c
0,003
TCVN6197 1996 (ISO 5961-1994)
14.
Hm lng Clorua mg/1 (a)
250 TCVN6194 1996 (ISO 9297- 1989) 0,05 TCVN 6222 1996 (ISO 9174 - 1990)
15.
Hm lng Crom
mg/1
16.
Hm lng (Cu)(a)
ng mg/1
2 (ISO 8288 - 1986) TCVN 6193- 1996
17.
Hm lng Xianua
mg/1
0,07
TCVN6181 1996 (ISO 6703/11984)
18.
Hm lng Florua
mg/1
0,7 - 1,5 TCVN 6195- 1996 (ISO 10359/11992)
19.
Hm lng Hydro
mg/1
0,05
IS010530-1992
B
Page 10
sunua(a) Hm lng st (a) 20. Hm lng Chi 21. 22. Hm lng Mangan
mg/1
0,5 TCVN 6177- 1996 (ISO 6332- 1988)
mg/1 0,01 mg/1 0,5 TCVN 6193- 1996 (ISO 8286- 1986)
A TCVN 6002- 1995 (ISO 6333 - 1986) 23. Hm lng ngn. Thu mg/1 0,001 TCVN 5991- 1995 (ISO 5666/1-1983 B H- ISO 5666/3 1983) 0,07 AOAC SMEWW hoc c
24. 25.
Hm lng mg/1 Molybden Hm lng Niken mg/1
0,02 26. Hm lng Nitrat mg/1 50 0
TCVN 6180 - 1996 (IS08288- 1986) c A A TCVN 6178- 1996 (ISO 6777- 1984)
27.
Hm lng Nitrit
TCVN 6180- 1996 (ISO 7890-1988) mg/1

3(b)
Hm lng Selen 28.
mg/1 0,01 TCVN 6183- 1996 (ISO 9964- 1-1993) TCVN 6196-
29.
Hm lng Natri
mg/1
200
B
Page 11
1996 (ISO 9964/11993) 30. Hm lng Sunpht mg/1 (a) 250 TCVN 6200 - 1996 (ISO9280 -1990) 31. Hm lng km (a) mg/1 3 TCVN 6193 - 1996 (IS08288- 1989) mg/1 2 Chun KMn04 bng A A
32.
xy ho
Gii thch: 1. A: Bao gm nhng ch tiu s c kim tra thng xuyn, c tn sut kim tra 1 tun (i vi nh my nc) hoc mt thng (i vi c quan Y t cp tnh, huyn). Nhng ch tiu ny l nhng ch tiu chu s bin ng ca thi tit v cc c quan cp nc cng nh cc trung tm YTDP tnh thnh ph lm c. Vic gim st cht lng nc theo cc ch tiu ny gip cho vic theo di qu trnh x l nc ca trm cp nc c bin php khc phc kp thi. 2. B: bao gm cc ch tiu cn c trang thit b kh t tin v t bin ng theo thi tit hn. Tuy nhin y l nhng ch tiu rt c bn nh gi cht lng nc. Cc ch tiu ny cn c kim tra trc khi a ngun nc vo s dng v thng k mi nm mt ln (hoc khi c yu cu c bit) ng thi vi 1 t kim tra cc ch tiu theo ch A bi c quan y t a phng hoc khu vc. 3. C: y l nhng ch tiu cn c trang thit b hin i t tin, ch c th xt nghim c bi cc Vin Trung ng, Vin Khu vc hoc mt s trung tm YTDP tnh thnh ph. Cc ch tiu ny nn kim a hai nm mt ln (nu c iu kin) hoc khi c yu cu c bit bi c quan y t Trung ng hoc khu vc. 2.3. Svrup: Syrup c chun b t ng saccharose, y ta s dng ng ct trng thng hng. Qu trnh nu syrup ng saccharose c thc hin nh sau: Trc tin, ta bm nc vo bn trong thit b nu syrup, gia nhit nc ln n 55 60c. Cho cnh khuy hot ng vi tc 30 - 50 vng/pht ri bt u cho ng vo. Khi ng ha tan ht trong nc, tin hnh gia nhit dung dch n si. Thi gian un si c th ko di n 30 pht. Cui cng, syrup s c lm ngui nhanh v nhit bo qun. s Ch tiu cht lng ng ct trng thng hng: Theo Tiu chun Vit Nam: Do y ban Khoa hc v K thut nh nc ban hnh theo quyt nh s 43/Q ngy 11 02-1987:
- Ch tiu cm quan: Ngoi hnh: tinh th tng i ng u, ti kh, khng vn cc... Mi v: tinh th ng cng nh dung dch ng trong nc ct c v ngt, khng c mi l, v l. Mu sc: tt c tinh th u trng sng, khi pha trong nc ct, dung dch ng trong. - Ch tiu ha l: Hm lng Saccharose khng nh hn 99,75% cht kh. m khng ln hn 0,05% khi lng. Hm lng ng kh khng ln hn 0,05% khi lng. Hm lng tro khng ln hn 0,05% khi lng. mu khng ln hn 1,4 Stame. 2.4. Ph gia: Cht iu chnh chua: acid citric Acid citric thng c nhiu trong rau qu vi hm lng kh cao, c bit l trong cc loi qu c mi. Acid citric c v chua du nn thng c s dng trong iu chnh v ca sn phm, l loi acid c s dng rng ri trong cc loi thc ung v c v ngon hn so vi cc loi acid thc phm khc. Qu trnh b sung acid citic nhm lm gim v ngt gt ca ng, ng thi lm tng v chua hi ha cho sn phm, kch thch tiu ha, hn ch s pht trin ca 1 s loi vi sinh vt, gp phn hn ch s oxi ha, lm tng thm mi v cho sn phm. Ch tiu cht lng acid ciic: theo QCVN 4-11: 2010/BYT o inh tnh: D tan trong ethanol, rt tan trong nc, t tan trong ether. Phi c phn ng c trng ca citrate. o tinh khit: Hm lng nc: Dng khan: khng c qu 0,5%. Dng monohydrate: khng c thp hn 7,5% v khng c qu 8%. ( Phng php Karl-Fischer). Tro Sulfat: khng c qu 0,05% Oxalate: khng c qu 100mg/kg. Sulfate: khng c qu 150mg/kg. Ch: khng c qu 0,5mg/kg. o Hm lng C6Hg07: khng thp hn 99,5% v khng c qu 100,5% tnh theo ch phm khan. Cht chng oxy ha: acid ascorbic
Page 13
III. QUY TRNH CNG NGH (^^7

3.1. Quy trnh cng ngh
N c Nc thi
Cung, chi
Nghin x
Enzym
enzyme
h
Diatomi t Gia nhit Lc Phi trn Gia nhit (^^Chai, np^^)
Nguyn liu ph
Rt chai - ng np
Thanh trng Bo n
Page 14
Page 15
3.2.
Gii thch quy trnh cng ngh:
1. La chn: - Mc ch: chun b. La chn nhng qu da p ng ng theo tiu chun c trnh by phn nguyn liu v t chn cp 3 hoc 4. Nhng qu cha chn c th c lu li cho n khi t chm mi s dng. Cn nhng qu qu chm cng c th s dng nu cha c biu hin h hng, bin cht. - Cc bin i: nguyn liu ng u v chn, loi b c nhng qu h hng, khng ng tiu chun. 2. Ra: - Mc ch: chun b Qu trnh ra s lm sch t, ct, bi bn, gim lng vi sinh vt bm ngoi v, lm l ra nhng ch h hng c th loi b d hn trong qu trnh tip theo. - Cc bin i: nguyn liu sch, lng vi sinh vt bm ngoi v, trong cc khe mt qu gim ng k. Mt vi ch dp, h hng trn qu l ra ngoi. - Cc yu t nh hng: h thng c ra phi t yu cu, sao cho c th c ra sch m khng lm dp da. Nc ra p ng theo tiu chun nc sinh hot (TCVN 5502:2003). 3. Ct cung, chi, ngn: - Mc ch: lm gn qu da, ct b cung, chi, ngn v cc phn dp, h hng. - Cc bin i: khi lng ca qu da nguyn liu b gim. - Cc yu t nh hng: o sc, sch ca dao phi t yu cu, nu khng mt ct ca da s khng phang v da b nhim bn. o S thnh tho trong thao tc. o Mi trng v thit b phi m bo v sinh. - Phng php thc hin: th cng. Cng nhn dng dao sc ct cung, chi, ngn v loi b nhng phn h hng ca qu da, ch khng lm dp cng khng lm nhim bn mt ct. 4. Gt v, t li: - Mc ch: chun b. Loi b phn li, v v mt qu da. - Cc bin i: nguyn liu thay i hnh dng, kch thc, khi lng ng k. Lp v bo v b gt b, nn tc h hp ca qu tng nhanh, qu s mau b nhn. Dch bo tit ra n b mt l mi trng tt cho vi sinh vt hot ng. Nn qu trnh ny phi c tin hnh trong thi gian ngn v mau chng a qua qu trnh x l tip theo, nhm trnh h hng sn phm. - Cc yu t nh hng: sc, sch ca thit b, mi trng phi m bo v sinh. 5. Nghin x: - Mc ch: chun b cho qu trnh enzyme v p. Qu trnh nghin x s gim nh kch thc nguyn liu, tng din tch tip xc vi enzyme. Ngoi ra, qu trnh nghin x cn ct nh tht tri, ph v lp v t bo, h tr v lm tng hiu sut cho qu trnh p. - Cc bin i: nguyn liu thay i kch thc, v t bo b x rch, dch bo v cc loi enzyme ni bo thot ra, cc phn ng ha sinh xy ra d dng. y cng l mi trng tt cho vi sinh vt hot ng, t c th lm h hng nguyn liu qua nghin x.
Page 16
6. enzyme: - Mc ch: chun b cho qu trnh p. Thc t cho thy trong dch qu thng c cha 1 hm lng pectin nht nh. Cc hp chat pectin tham gia to nn cu trc m thc vt, lin kt t bo rau qu li vi nhau. Khi pectin b phn gii trong qu trnh nghin x nguyn liu, 1 phn s ha tan vo dch qu, dung dch cha pectin c nht cao v y l nguyn nhn gy kh khn cho qu trnh p thu nhn dch qu. Do cc nh sn xut b sung ch phm pectinase vo khi nguyn liu tri cy qua nghin x. - Cc bin i: Nh xc tc ca endopolygalacturonas, phn t pectin b gim kch thc dch bo gim nht, gip cho qu tnh p t hiu qu cao hn. - Cch thc hin: bn thnh phm sau giai on nghin x c a vo bn cha, b sung vo 0,05% enzyme pectinase, trn u ri trong l,5h nhit phng, thnh thong cn o trn khi . 7. p: - Mc ch: khai thc, tch ti a dch bo ra khi nguyn liu. Hiu sut p ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t: phm cht nguyn liu, phng php s ch, cu to, chiu dy, chc ca lp nguyn liu p v p sut p. - Cc bin i: mt s lin kt trong qu b ph v do tc ng ca lc c hc, cu trc t bo b ph v, dch bo thot ra ngoi. - Cch thc hin : s dng thit b p trc vis vn hnh vi tc trc vis 150- 200rpm, p lc 138 - 150MN/I12 8. Gia nhit: - Mc ch: chun b cho qu trnh lc. V hot enzyme, tiu dit hoc c ch h vi sinh vt, gy kt ta mt s cht keo to iu kin cho qu trnh lc trong. - Cc bin i: c th tn tht mt s hp cht ha hc mn cm vi nhit nh protein, cc hp cht thm, cht mu,...hay to ra mt s hp cht ha hc khc nh hng n cht lng sn phm; mt s loi vi sinh vt b c ch, h enzyme ca qu b v hot, c s tch pha gia protein kt ta v dch qu,... - Cch thc hin: s dng thit b gia nhit dng bn mng. Thng s k thut: nhit gia nhit: 75 - 80c, thi gian gia nhit: 3-5 pht. Cui qu trnh gia nhit c b sung cht tr lc Diatomit 9. Loc: */ - Mc ch: hon thin, khu lm trong nc qu cui cng. - Cc bin i: cc cht cn, kt ta trong nc qu sau gia nhit c lc b, dung dch nc qu tr nn trong hn, mu sc sng p. - Cch thc hin: cui qu trnh gia nhit, thm 0,01% diatomit, km theo khuy trn. Tin hnh lc trn thit b lc khung bn, p lc lc 3 at, lc nhit phng. 10. Phi trn: - Mc ch: hon thin, ng thi gp phn bo qun sn phm. - Thnh phn: Trong qu trnh ch bin, tanin trong qu thng b oxi ha thnh flobafen c mu en. e trnh hin tng ny, ngi ta pha ch thm cht chng oxi ha m thng dng nht l acid ascorbic (vit C). Vit c va c tc dng n nh mu sc, va tng gi tr dinh dng cho sn phm. ng t 32 Bx. Cho v ngt du.
Acid citric t pH = 3,7. Gim v ngt gt ca ng. Sn phm c v chua ngt hi ho. Kch thch tiu ho, gp phn hn ch s pht trin ca vsv, hn ch s oxi ho... Ngoi ra cn b sung thm mu thc phm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm, ng thi gip sn phm khng b nht mu trong qu trnh bo qun. Yu cu: Sn phm phi c hng r rt ca nguyn liu, v chua thch hp. Sn phm c nng cht kh vo khong 16%, chnh pH v 4.5 - 5. - Cch thc hin: qu trnh phi ch c thc hin trong cc thng phi ch chuyn dng c cnh khuy trn u. 11. Gia nht:
* ~ \ f
Mc ch: hn ch s nhim ca vi sinh vt, ng thi chun b cho qu trnh rt nng sn phm, gip bi kh trong bao b - Cc bin i: c s thay i v th tch, khi lng v t trng sn phm. H vi sinh vt b c ch hay b tiu dit mt phn, enzyme b v hot, mu nc qu hi sm, mi b sn phm c th b gim do b phn hy bay hi mt phn... - Cch thc hin: dng thit b gia nhit bn mng, gia nhit nc qu ln nhit 70c trong 30 - 40s. Sau tin hnh rt nng ngay. 12. Rt chai - ng np: - Mc ch: Bo qun: Hn ch s oxy ha cc cht dinh dng ca thc phm, hn ch s pht trin ca cc vi khun hiu kh cn tn ti trong nc qu. Qu trnh rt hp - ghp m s cch ly sn phm vi mi trng ngoi, trnh b nhim bn. - Cc bin i: khng c s bin i no ng k. - Cch thc hin: s dng chai PET 500ml. 13. Thanh trng: - Mc ch: bo qun. Qu trnh thanh trng s lm v hot bt thun nghch enzyme v c ch h vi sinh vt, nh ko di c thi gian bo qun sn phm. Sau qu trnh thanh trng l lm ngui nhanh a sn phm v nhit bnh thng, trnh nhng bin i, phn ng do nhit cao xy ra trong bn thnh phm. - Cc bin i: bin i v mt ha sinh v vi sinh hc. Enzyme b v hot bt thun nghch, qu trnh trao i cht ca vi sinh vt b ngng li, chng b c ch hay tiu dit. - Cch thc hin: s dng ni autoclave dng nm ngang. - Thng s k thut: nhit thanh trng l 100c, thi gian gia nhit tm chai t c nhit thanh trng l 5 pht, thi gian thanh trng l 13 pht, h nhit sn phm trong vng 15 pht. 14. Bon: Trong iu kin l thut cha t tin cy cao, bo n l cng on cn thit nhm pht hin nhng n v sn phm cha t thanh trng hoc kn tt. Sau khi thanh trng v lm ngui, sn phm c a vo kho bo n. Thi gian bo n nhit binh thng c th ko di khng khong 15 ngy. Trong khong thi gian , nhng n v sn phm khng t yu cu v kn hay ch thanh trng khng t, vi sinh vt pht trin gy nht, si bt; hoc nc qu trong chai b lng cn do qu trnh lm trong, qu trnh lc khng tt. Khi kt thc qu tnh bo n, sn phm c kim tra, loi b nhng n v h hng. Nu SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng Page 18
sau khi bo n pht hin thy t l h hng, vt qu mc cho php, cn phi xem xt li qu trnh sn xut, tm nguyn nhn khc phc. Neu cn thit c th hy b c l sn phm. 15. Sn phm: Cc ch tiu cht lng sn phm: - Ch tiu cm quan: mu vng, mi c trng, dung dch c, chp nhn c cn lng. - Ch tiu ha l: hm lng cht kh > 16% , hm lng acid 0,2 - 0,6%. - Ch tiu vi sinh : Bng 3: Chi tiu vi sinh sn phm: Vi sinh vt Staphylococcus aureus Conforms Escheria Coli Bacillus cereus Tng s t bo nm men, nm mc Gii hn cho php trong lml thc phm 0 0 0 0 0
IV. TNH CN BNG VT CHT V LA CHON THIT BI:

4.1. Cn bng vt cht: Nng sut thit k: 1,8 triu lnm. 1 nm lm vic 300 ngy. => 1 ngy sn xut 6000 lt nc da. Bng 4.1: Tnh cht nguyn liu trong quy trnh nc da p: Tnh cht ca nc da sau khi p Gi tr (%) Brix 13 Hm lng acid tng 0,45
>
Bng 4.2: Yu cu cht lng sn phm: Tnh cht ca nc da thnh phm Brix Hm lng acid tng
Gi tri (%) 16 0,45
Page 19
Bng 4.3: Tn tht trn tng cng on ca quy trnh sn xut nc p da. Qu trnh Tn tht (%) Ra -0,3 -10 Ct cung, chi, ngn Gt v, t li -30 -1 Nghin x -0 u enzyme -20 Ep Gia nhit -0,2 Loc -1 Phi trn -0,2 -1 Rt chai - ng np Thanh trng 0 Tnh ton cho 100 lt nc da thnh phm: Sn phm c Brix=16, ta xem nh khi lng ring ca sn phm bng khi lng ring ca dung dch ng 16% 20c. Tra bng s tay qu trnh thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1, ta c khi lng ring ca dung dch ng 16% 20c l l,06534kg/l. Suy ra, 100 lt nc da thnh phm tng ng vi 106,534 kg nc da thnh phm. K hiu: nis: khi lng bn thnh phm sau x l rtitr: khi lng bn thnh phm trc x l
i: tn tht ca qu trnh. (%)
Rt chai - ng np:
nis, rt chai = 106,534 kg llltr,rt chai IOs,rt chai/( 1 Irtchai) 106,534/(10,01) 107,610 kg
Gia nhit:
gia nhit H,rt chai 107,610 kg Igia nhit /o ^ lTltr,gianhit nis,gianhit/( 1 Igianhit) 107,610/(1 0,002) 107,826kg
Phi trn
ms, phi tri I^tr,gia nhit 107,826kg Iphi trn 0,2 /o B sung thm: o Syrup vi msyrup=18,75%mtr)phi trn-
o Vitamin c vi ivit c=0,1 % mtr^hi trn- o Acid

citric vi ma c=0,1 % m^phi trn- Ta c: mtr.phi trn^"lllsyrup "^lvit C^lHa.c lHs,phi trn^mtn tit lltr,phi 8,75 /m^piii trn^o? 1 / lHtr.phi trn 1 / Hltr,phi trn ^s,phi trn^0,2 /( lltr.phi trn^l 8,75 /om^j- pjjoi trn^^51 / lltr,phi trn 031 /o intr,plii trn)
=> mtr)phitrn=mS)phittn/[(l - 0,002).(l+0,1875+0,001+0,001)] =108,826/[(1 - 0,002).(l+0,1875+0,001+0,001)1=90,525 kg S iHsyrup 1 / m ^ - ^ p ^ Q ^-n 16,973kg m-vitc phi trn 0,091kg lla.c 0,1 /o llltr,phin 0,091kg
Loc:
h, lc tinh ttltr,phi trn 90,525 kg iictmh=l% ^ llltr,lc tinh I"^s,lc tinh/(1 Mc tinh) 90,525/(10,01) 91,439kg Gia nhit: s, gia nhit ltr,lc ti 91,439 kg => mtr,gianhlt=mSgianhlt/(l - iglanhit)=91,439/(1 - 0,002)=91,620kg => Khi lng diatomit thm vo cui gia nhit l 0,916kg (bng l%ms gia nhit)
p:
fls, p mtr,lc th- 91,620 kg ip=20% mtr p=mS;p/(l -ip)=92,620/(1 - 0,2)=114,525 kg => lng enzyme pectinase thm vo trong qu trnh enzyme trc p l 0,057kg (bang 0,05%mtr,p)
Nghin x:
ms, nghin x Htr.p 114,525kg ^nghin x 1
/
0,01) 115,682 kg
- Got v, t li:
llltr,nghin x lHs,nghin x/(l Inghin x) 114,525/(1 gt v,t li m,nghin x 115,682kg
Igt v,t li30 / 0
r^tr,gt v,t li mSigpt v,t li/(1 115,682/(1 0,3) 165,260 kg - Ct cung, chi, ngn: ^s, ct th-^tr,gt v,t li- 165,260 kg - Ra:
Hls, ra-mfr,ctth- 183,622 kg ira 0,3%
Igt v, t li)
lctth 10/ ^ itr,ctth nis,ctth/(l Ictti) 165,260/(1 0 jl ) 183,622 kg
=> mtrira=mSira/(l - ira)=183,622/(1 - 0,003)=184,174 kg Bng 4.4: Tng hp lng nguyn liu, sn phm 1 ngy, 1 nm. ______________________________
Page 21
Nguyn liu, sn phm Da nguyn liu Syrup 32% Enzyme pectinase Vitamin c Acid citric Diatomit Nc da thnh phm
n v kg kg kg kg kg kg lit 100 lt 184,174 16,973 0,057 0,091 0,091 0,912 100
Gi tri 1 ngy 11050,44 1018,38 3,42 5,46 5,46 54,72 6000
1 nm 3315132 305514 1026 1638 1638 16416 1,8 triu
4.2. La chon thit bi: Mi ngy phi sn xut 6000 lt nc da thnh phm t 11050,44kg da nguyn liu, chia lm 2 ca. Vy mi ca phi sn xut 3000 lt nc da thnh phm t 5525,22 kg da nguyn liu. Bng 4.5: thnh phn nguyn liu cho 1 ca sn xut: _________________________________ Nguyn liu Khi lng (kg) Da 5486,64 Syrup 32% 509,19 Enzyme pectinase 1,71 Vitamin c 2,73 Acid citric 2,73 Diatomit 27,36 1. Bng ti: S dng trong qu trnh la chn v ct cung, chi, ngn. Thng s cng ngh: Kch thc: di: 6m, rng: 0,5m Vn tc: 0,15m/s. S ln: 4 ci. Nng st: 8000kg/h 2. Thit b ra: S dng thit b ra sc kh CXJ-5, ca cng ty Saiwei, Trung Quc.
Page 22
Hnh 4.1: Thit b ra sc kh CXJ~5 Nguyn tc hot ng: Qu trnh ra da gm giai on ngm v ra xi. Sau khi c cng nhn la chn, phn loi, da c a vo bn ngm. Trong giai on ny, da c nm trong nc, ng thi c bng chuyn vn chuyn t t ln khu vc ra xi. Trong khu vc ra xi, nc c phun mnh t trn xung nhm loi b hon ton cc tp cht bm trn v. - Nc trong qu trnh ra c lc v bm tr li. Thng s k thut - Nng sut: 7000 - 10000 kg/h - Cng sut: 7,15 kW - Lng nc tiu th: 10m3/h - Kch thc thit b: 2540x1140x1800 ( di X rng X cao) - S lng: 1 3. Thit b ct gt lin hp: Chn thit b ct gt da lin hp GINACA ca cng ty Thai Shin, Thi Lan.
Page 23
Cu to thit b: - Xch ti nhp liu: - C cu y tri xung b phn ct. - C cu nh v: c nh tri thm trc khi ct. - Dao ct hnh tr xoay c, ct ra phn thn tr ca tri. - Cc khoang cha gn trn mt khung trn: cc khoang ny chuyn ng quay gin on. C mi ln khung ngng li s c mt b phn thc hin cng lc vic ct hai u v t li - Cc rnh tho ph phm. Qu da sau khi qua thit b s c gt v, t li, v ct thnh tng khoanh mng. Thng s k thut: ng knh ngoi ca qu gt: 94.5, 83, 80, 73 hoc 60 Itun ng ldnh li t: 38, 30,28 hoc 25 mm. Thng s ng c: 380V - 50 Hz, 3 Hp Kch thc thit b: rng 1.65I, di 2m, cao l,65m. Nng sut: 80 / pht, khong 6 tn/h S lng: 1 my 4. Thit b nghn x: Thit b nghin s dng l thit b nghin hiu RC - L ca cng ty Sanritsu, Nht Bn.
Page 24
Hnh 4.3: Thit b nghin x RCL Cu to thit b: - Thit b xay nghin c hai h thng dao ct v mt c cu y. - Mi h thng dao gm nhiu li dao b tr trn trc quay. Nguyn tc hot ng: Kh trc quay, cc li dao s quay theo v ct qu da thnh kch thc nh hn. C cu y c tc dng y sn phm sau khi ct ra ngoi. Khi va vo thit b, da s c h thng dao th nht ct thnh cc ming c kch thc to, sau tip tc c h thng dao th hai ct thnh kch thc nh hn. Cui cng c cu y sn phm ra ngoi. Thng s k thut: Cng sut 6,7 KW. Nng sut: 6000 kg/h. Kch thc thit b: di l,56m, rng 0,92m, cao l,32m. Trng lng thit b: 660kg. S lng: 1 ci. 5. Thitbp: Thit b s dng l thit b p trc vis hiu SP - K ca cng ty FKC, Nht Bn.
Cu to thit b: - Mt trc vt c ng knh tng dn v c th quay nh mt ng c. Bn trong trc c cu to rng nc vo lm ngui. - Mt u nguyn liu vo v mt u b i ra.
- Bao quanh trc vt l mt tm thp c c l dch bo thot ra. - Bn di trc vt c mng hng dch bo. Nguyn tc hot ng: Nguyn liu theo mng hng c a vo trong lng p ti y trc vt va y nguyn liu ti ng thi ng to ra mt lc p lm dch bo thot ra. Nh tm thp c l m b c gi li, dch bo thot ra c km theo tht qu. n cui trc vt th b c y ra ngoi. Thng s k thut: Cng sut: 10,5 Hp Hiu sut: 85 - 90%. Nng sut: 5000 kg/h Kch thc thit b: di 960mm, rng 720mm, cao 1125mm. S lng: 1 ci. 6. Thit b lc: Thit b s dng l thit b lc khung bn hiu BKL4/400 ca cng ty Saiwei, Trung
Hnh 4.5: Thit b lc khung bn BKL4/400 Cu to thit b: - Gm khung v bn c cng kch thc xp lin nhau. Gia cc khung c rnh thng nhau phn phi dch cn lc v gia cc bn cng c rnh thng nhau x dch lc ra - Gia khung v bn l vi lc. - Bn di thit b c mng hng dch lc - Ty theo kch thc l lc trn vi m kch thc ht qua vi lc s khc nhau. Nguyn tc hot ng: Dch qu theo ng dn phn phi theo s lng khung v trn vo cc khoang trng. Di p sut, nc lc qua v lc theo cc rnh trn bn lc chy xung v nh van ly ra ngoi. Pha rn c gi li trn b mt v c cha trong khung. Sn phm c thu lin tc, b tho gin
on. Thng s k thut: Cng sut: 8KW Nng sut 5,5 - 7,5 m3/h Kch thc: di 2,5 m, rng lm, cao 2,04 m. S lng: 1 ci. 7. Thit b gia nhit: S dng thit b trao i nhit bn mng loi PXF - 45 ca cng ty Genemco, M.
Hnh 4.6: Nguyn l hot ng ca thit b gia nhit bn mng. - Cu to thit b: Thit b gia nhit dng bn mng gm nhiu tm trao i nhit nm xp song song nhau to thnh cc vch ngn. Cc tm ao i nhit c cc g vi nhiu hnh dng khc nhau tng din tch b mt truyn nhit. - Nguyn tc hot ng: Dng nguyn liu i t trn xung, dng nc nng i t di ln v vo cc vch xen k nhau. Nh vy, dng nguyn liu c gia nhit tt bi dng nc nng qua hai vch trao i nhit. Sn phm thu c bn di, sau c bm vo thit b lc. - Thng s k thut: Cng suat: 4,7 KW. Nng sut: 6000 kg/h. Kch thc thit b: di 0,96111, rng 0,72111, cao l,32m. S lng: 2 ci. 8. Thit b phi trn: S dng thit b phi trn ca cng ty DaYu Light ndustral Machinery Co., Ltd Trung Quc m DYMT01
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Hnh 4.7: Thit b phi trn DYMT01 Thit b phi trn c cnh khuy mi cho: cu to thit b bao gm mt thng khuy, bn trong c mt cnh khuy dng bn mng c gn vo trc khuy. Tc ca cnh khuy thng tng i thp, khong 20-150 rpm. Vi thit b loi ny, cc phn t cht lng c chuyn ng trn quanh trc v chuyn ng ly tm l chnh, cn chuyn ng theo phng thng ng l rt t. Thit b loi ny lun lun cn lp thm cc thanh chn trong thnh thit b. Thng s k thut: Cng sut: 3 KW Tc cnh khuy: 18-200 vng/pht. Kch thc: ng knh 2500mm X cao 2100mm Th tch: 55001 S lng: 1 ci 9. Thit b rt chai - ng np: S dng thit b ra - chit - sit 3inl CGF8-8-3 ca cng ty Saiwei, Trung Quc.
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Hnh 4.8: Thit b ra - chit - sit 3inl CGF8-8-3. Nguyn tc hot ng: V chai c t trn bng chuyn trc khi vo h thng xc ra chit rt v ng np (gi tt l RFC). Ngun nc qu t bn cha c ni vo h thnj7 RFC. Bng chuyn s t ng vn chuyn chai vo h thong xc ra. Cc chai di chuyn xoay vng v vo ng v tr vi nc xc ra. Lu nc ra c p lc kh mnh ra sch chai do bm thit k sn trong my phun ln. Sau khi ra v sy, chai s c a vo v tr chit rt, cc cnh tay n s gi cht c chai trnh chai ong qua trnh rt. Cc chai c xoay vng lin tc trn bng chuyn chit rt. My bm nc c thit k sn trong my s t ng chit rt vo bnh. (Lu : th tch nc c th iu chnh c) Kh bnh cha y nc, s c chuyn sang v tr ng np. Np bnh cha c lp y trong ng cha v c a vo ngay u chai. Cc tay n s sit np cht Sau chai c chuyn trn bng ti ra ngoi Thng s cng ngh: Cng sut: 5000-6000 chai/h (loi chai 500ml) Chng loi chai: Chai thy tnh S u ra: 20 u S u chit: 16 u S u ng np: 5 u Cng sut my chnh: 5kw Mt phu sit np: 0.18kw Mt bm hi lu: 1.5 kw p lc nc sc ra: 0.25~0.3Mpa p lc kh tiu c: 0.~0.8 Mpa Chiu cao ca chai: 150~330mm ng knh chai: <p50~<p98mm Trng lng my: 6000 kg Kch thc ngai:
3028L*2420W*3200H mm 10. Thit b thanh trng: S ng thit b thanh trng autoclave dng nm ngang hiu WAA 22 ca cng ty Konsocjum andziak, Nht.
Cu to thit b: Thn tr nm ngang bng thp dy, y v np hnh chm cu.Trn thn ni c cm u d nhit v u d p sut, c ng dn hi nc v khng kh nn pha bn di, n dn nc lnh bn trn, ng tho nc bn di.Bn trong ni c ng ray y cc gi ng hp. - Nguyn tc hot ng: u tin cho gi hp vo y np v vt cht cc cht. M van hi ng thi m van x trn trn np u ht kh v hi li ng thi theo di thng s nhit v p sutSau kh kt thc gi on thanh trng th ng van hi, m van x kh t t p sut gim dn n khi bng p sut kh quyn. M np thit b v x nc lm ngui. - Thng s k thut: 2 ni thanh trng vi th tch 2 X 2,79 m3 1 ni cha nc lm ngui vi th tch 2,78m3. Nhit ti a: 130c p sut hi nc: 0,4 MPa. p sut nc: 0,35 MPa. Lng hi tiu hao: 300 - 400 kg/m Lng nc tiu hao: 3500 kg/h Nng sut: 7500chai/m. Kch thc thit b: di 4,2 m, rng 3,75m, cao 2,85 m. Trng lng: 4500kg. S lng: 1 ci. -
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11. Thit b nu syrup: S dng thit b phi trn ca cng ty DaYu Light Industrial Machinery Co., Ltd Trung Quc.
Cng sut: 1.5 KW Nhit ti a: 100c. Tc cnh khuy: 0-720 vng/pht. Kch thc: ng knh 1300mm X cao 2850mm Th tch: 12001 S lng: 1 ci 12. Thit b CIP: Chn thit b Tetra Alcip 100: cc dung dch v sinh s c hi lu ti s dng.
Hnh 4.11: Thit b CIP Cu to: H thng thit b c chia lm ba dy. Thnh phn chnh ca h thng: Bn cha xt; Bn cha acd; Bn cha nc ra s b; Bn cha nc sch; Bn cha dung
dch hi lu ti s dng; H thng gia nhit bng mng. - Thng s cng ngh: o Nng sut thit b: 450001/h. o Bm nh lng: hot ng in xoay chiu tn s 50/60HZ, in th 230/400 V, cng sut 0,55 kW: nng sut 5001/h. o Bm cao p: in xoay chiu tn s 50Hz, in th s dng 400 V, cng sut bm 11 kw. o Bng iu khin: tn s 50/60 Hz, in th s dng 230 V, cng sut 0,5 kw. o Nc s dng: 3 bar, nng sut 450001/h. o Hi nc: 3 bar, ln nht 1550 kg/h. o Kh nn iu chnh van v bng iu khin: 6 bar. o Kch thc thit b: D X R X c = 2 X 2,5 X 3 m Ch chy CIP: c 2 ch : - Ch 1: vi thit b tip xc trc tip vi nc qu nh thit b p, gia nhit, lc... ta c ch chy sau: o Ra s bng nc m khong 8 pht; o Tun hon dung dch kim (nng 0,5 - 1,5%) trong khong 20 pht 78C; o Ra dung dch kim d bng nc m trong khong 5 pht; o Tun hon dung dch acid nitric (0,5 - 1%) khong 15 pht nhit 70C; o Ra li bng nc lnh ong 5 pht; o Lm ngui t t bng nc lnh trong 7 pht. - Ch 2: vi cc thit b khng tip xc trc tip vi nc qu nh thit b thanh trng, ra, ct gt.. .ta c ch chy sau: o Ra bng nc m trong 3 pht; o Tun hon dung dch kim (nng 0,5 - 1,5%) trong khong 10 pht 75C; ^ o Ra bng nc m trong 3 pht; o Tit trng bng nc nng 90 - 95c trong 5 pht; o Lm ngui t t bng nc lnh trong 10 pht. 13.Btfm: Chn bm nc s hiu CPM - 130 ca hng Huifeng - motor, Trung Quc, cho cc qu trnh sau: gia nhit, lc, phi trn (2 ci), rt nng.
YAS
Hnh 4.12: My bm cnh kh hiu CPM-130 Nng sut: 3 m3/h Cng sut: 250 w Kch thc: 265mm X 165 mm x215 mm in th 220V Tn s: 50 Hz S lng 10 ci
V.
TNH TON LCH LM VIC:

Nng sut my 8000 (kg/h) 9000 (kg/h) 8000 (kg/h) 600 (kg/h) 6000 (kg/h) 5000 (kg/h) 6000 (kg/h) 6500 (1/h) 6000 (1/h) 3000 (1/h) 7500 (chai/m)
Bng 5.1: Bng tnh thi gian cho tng qu trnh. Qu trnh Thi gian (pht) La chon 40 Ra 45 Ct cung, chi, ngn 40 Gt v, t li 50 Nghin x 35 u enzyme 90 Ep 40 Gia nhit 20 Loc 25 Phi trn 15 Gia nhit 15 Rt chai, bi kh, ng np 45 Thanh trng 33
Bng 5.2: Thi gian lm vic c th ca tng thit b. Thit b Thi gian Ca 1 Ca 2 Bng ti la chn 7h - 7h40 13h30 - 14hl0 Ra 7h20 - 8h05 13h50 - 14h35 Bng ti ct th 7h45 - 8h25 14hl5 - 14h55 Gt v, t li 8h05 - 8h55 14h35 - 15h25 Nghin x 8h40 - 9hl5 15hl0 - 15h45 9hl5 - 10h45 15h45 - 17hl5 Ep 10h45 - llh25 17hl5 - 17h55 Gia nhit llhl5 - llh35 17h45 - 18h05 Loc Ilh35-llh55 18h05 - 18h25 Phi trn llh55 - 12hl0 18h25 - 18h40 Gia nhit 12hl0 - 12h25 18h40 - 18h55 Rt chai, ng np 12hl5 - 13h00 18h45 - 19h30 Thanh trng 13h00 - 13h33 19h30-20h33 mi ca, mi thit b sau khi chy xong th c cho chy CIP v sinh.
?
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VI. TNH DIN TCH MT BNG NH XNG:

Bng 6: Bng din tch s dng ca thit b, my mc: Thit bi Kch thc (mm) Bng ti 6000x500 Ra 2540x1140x1800 Gt v, t li 2000x1650x1650 Nghin x 1560x920x1320 1500x2000 Ep 960x720x1125 Gia nhit 960x720x1320 Loc 2500x1000x2040 Phi trn 2500x2100 Rt chai, ng np 3028x2420x3200 Thanh trng 4200x3750x2850 Thit b nu syrup 1300x2850 Thit b CIP 2000x2500x3000 Kho nguyn liu 12000x6000x5000 Kho thnh phm 12000x6000x5000 Kho bao b 12000x6000x5000 Kho ph gia 6000x6000x5000
t rn A
Din tch (m2) 3 2,9 3,3 1,4 1,8 0,7 0,7 2,5 4,9 7,3 15,8 3,7 5 72 72 72 12 290,7
Tng - Kho ph gia - Do khong cch gia cc thit b vi nhau v khong cch gia thit b v tng l 1,5 - 2m nn din tch my chim: 95,672 + 290,7 = 386,327 (m2) - S lng cng nhn trong phn xng l 50 ngi. Ta tnh din tch cho 1 ngi 2 2 l 3m . Do , tng din tch cho cng nhn: 50 X 3 = 150 (m ) - Din tch li i trong cc nh my thng chim 30% tng cc din tch cn li. X 2 Do , din tch cho li i trong phn xng: 0,3 (386,327 +150)=160,898(m ) Tng din tch phn xng theo tnh ton: 697,225 m2. Ta chn din tch cho nh xng l : 720 m2, vi kch thc phn xng l 24x30 m. Chn chiu cao ca nh my l: 6,5m, bc ct l 6m. Mng c chn di t nhn tt c ti trng ca khung nh, lc, gi truyn xung mt t. Mng lm bng b tng ct thp. Ct ta ln mng v nhn cc ti trng ng t mi, tng, lc gi. Lm bng b tong ct thp. Ket cu vch Vch ngoi ca phng lnh c th c cch nhit bng lp polystyrol xp, bng cc tm bng khong hoc bng cc khi btng xp. Lp va xi mng 2 cm Lp gch 38 -- 57 cm Lp bitum 0.3 cm
trng
Polystyrol xp Xi mng li thp -Vi
Ket cu mi Mi che thng lm t mt vi lp giy du hoc bng cc tm xi mng aming. Lp cch nhit c th lm t cc vt liu tm, khi v ri Kt cu nn Nen phng lnh c lm t lp cch nhit, lp chu lc bng btng hoc btng ct st v mt lp ph trn mt dy 4(H60mm bng btng atphan, bng cc tm btng hay l btng c sn. Lp atphan 40mm Nn btng 120mm Lp x 40CH-700mm Lp ct 30mm Lp cch m Cc ng btng 300 Btng t Lp btng m t in tr
VII. TNH CN BNG NNG LNG:
7.1. Cn bng nc: - Nc cho qu trnh ra da nguyn liu: 7,5m3/ca hay gn bng 7500kg/ca - Nc dng cho qu trnh gia nhit: o Gia nhit ln 1: Khi lng nc da cn gia nhit: 341 l,75kg/ca Nhit ban u ca nc da: 28c Nhit sau khi gia nhit: 70c Lng hi cn gia nhit cho phn nc da ny: 3411,75x4,18* (70 - 28) m = ---------- ---- ----------- = 299,648 kq y 0.9x2221 o Gia nhit ln 2: Khi lng nc da cn gia nhit: 3228,3kg/ca Nhit ban u ca nc da: 28c Nhit sau khi gia nhit: 70c Lng hi cn gia nhit cho phn nc da ny: 3228,3*4,181(70 - 28) m= = 283,536 kg y 0,9x2221 Nc dng cho qu trnh thanh trng: o Lng hi 3 at dng gia nhit: Khi lng nc da cn thanh trng: 3224,2 lkg/ca Nhit ban u ca nc da: 50c Nhit sau khi SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng Page 35
gia nhit: 100c Lng hi cn gia nhit: 3224,21.v4,18.vlQ - 50) m= = 356,945 kg 0.85.V2221 o Lng nc lm ngui: m = 3500x0,8 = 2800 kg Nc dng cho qu trnh nu syrup: khong 1384,997 kg/ca Nc dng cho sinh hot: nh mc 201t/ngi/ca, tng s cng nhn l 50 ngi => Lng nc dng cho sinh hot: m = 50x20 = 1000 kg/ca - Nc dng v sinh my: Nc dng v sinh thit b trong 1 ngy c ti s dng. o Lng nc m v sinh thit b ch 1 ly bng 15% th tch bn ln nht l bn phi trn ttimrcm 1 = 15%x4900 = 735 kg o Lng nc m v sinh thit b ch 2 ly bng 10% lng nc m ca ch 1 mncm2 = 10%x735 = 73,5 kg o Lng nc lnh v sinh thit b ch 1 ly bng 15% th tch bn ln nht l bn phi trn, o Lng nc lnh v sinh thit b ch 2 ly bng 10% lng nc lnh ca ch 1. => Tng lng nc v sinh thit b trong 1 ca sn xut: 1617 kg, trong lng nc m c ti s dng t qu trnh thanh trng (khu lm ngui) Vy tng lng nc s dng trong 1 ca l: 14433,627 kg/ca. 7.2. Cn bng in: hot Lng in tiu thu/ca 4,77 1,86 3,91 5,22 3,14 3,33 0,375 2,25 0,75 13,33 4,5 43,435
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Bng 7: Bng tn. 1 ton in nng s dng cho thit b Thit b S lng Cng sut (kW) Thi gian ng (pht) Ra 1 7,15 40 Ct gt lin hp 1 2,2371 50 Nghin x 1 6,7 35 Ep 1 7,830 40 Gia nhit 4,7 20 Loc 1 8 25 Phi trn 1 1,5 15 Rt chai 3 45 1 Thanh trng 1 / 33 Bm 6 0,25 30 Bng ti 4 5 40 1,5 1 180 Thit b nu syrup Tng
rp
Tnh in dng cho chiu sng v sinh hot Din tch phn xng s =820m2 - in nng chiu sng 2 Chn cng sut chiu sng ring p = 20 w/m Cng sut cn cho c phn xng P = pxS = 20x 720- 14400 w Chn bng n loi 75 w s bng n trong phn xng : n = 192 bng - Cng sut in chiu sng Thi gian sn xut l 8h/ca - Cng sut chiu sng l Acs = 75W X 192 X 8h = 115,2 KWh Do in nng tiu th cho phn xng trong 1 ca sn xut: A= Ai+Acs= 43,435+ 115,2 = 158,635 KWh.
VIII. AN TON LAO NG. PHNG CHY CHA CHY:

8.1. An ton lao ng: Kim tra trc khi khi ng my: - Tt c cc thit b an ton v thit b bo v phi c lp t. - Thu dn ra khi ni vn hnh tt c cc vt liu, vt dng v cc vt th l khc c th gy thng tt cho ngi hay h hng cho my. - Tt c cc my ang tnh trng hot ng c. - Tt c cc n bo, ci bo, p k, thit b an ton v cc thit b o u tinh trng tt. - Sau khi ngng sn xut, in, kh, nc phi c kha v bo cho nhn vin ng lc bit. Nhng quy nh an ton chung khi vn hnh sn xut: - Ch c nhng ngi c hun luyn mi c vn hnh h thng. - Lun lun trang b y dng bo h lao ng nh giy, m, qun o, gng tay v cc trang thit b khc. - Khng c tho cc nhn, du hiu cnh bo trn cc my, thay th chng khi b rch hoc khng nhin thy r. - Khng c vn hnh my vt gii hn cho php: tc , p sut, nhit ... - Khng c ri my khi my ang hot ng. - Khng c a bt k phn no ca c th vo my ang chy, khng c chm vo b mt ca thit b ang nng. - Khng cho php hn trn thit b khi ang hot ng. - Trang b y bo h lao ng v thc hin cc quy nh an ton khi pha trn ha cht ty ra. - Khng c sa dng cc dung mi c hi, ha cht chy v sinh my. - Khi v sinh bng vi nc phi tt kh nn v in, che chn t in v cc thit b in, cc thit b tnh trng qu nng. - Thc hin CIP ngay khi ht sn phm cng sm cng tt. - Trc khi CIP phi kim tra v m bo cc khp ni ng, cc ca v cc bn u kn. - Khi s dng nc nng phi m van nc ngui trc, m van hi sau. Khi tt nc nng thi theo trinh t ngc li.
Nhng quy nh an ton trong khu vc sn xut: - Nh xng, kho tang, ni lm vic, cc thit b my mc thuc phm vi ca cc t chc qun l, t trng phi phn cng ngi trc nht, sp xp, nhc nh, gi gn gn gng. - Nghim chnh chp hnh cc quy nh v cng ngh, v k thut v an ton lao ng trong sn xut v cng tc. Khng c s dng v iu khin thit b nu cha c hun luyn hng dn v an ton. - Nghim cm un nu bng ci la, bp in, in tr ngoi cc ni nh my quy nh. - Khng c nm rc ba bi giy rc, tn thuc, ph liu, phng tin bo h lao ng. - Tuyt i khng ht thuc trong kho v nhng ni c nguy c chy n. - Khng c ly phng tin phng chy cha chy lm vic khc. - S dng y v hp l tt c cc phng tin bo h lao ng c cp. - Phi b tr ngi dn dp sch s gn gng ni lm vic, gi gn v sinh chung , bo qun tt cc phng tin phc v do nh my trang b. - Khng ri b v tr lm vic trc khi ht gi lm vic, khi i n phi c ngi trc my v khng n cc ni khng thuc nhim v ca mnh. - Cc qun c, t trng, nhn vin tong nh my . . . phi nghim chnh chp hnh cc iu trn. 8.2. Phng chy cha chy:
Vic bo v phng chy cha chy l ngha v ca mi cng nhn. - Mi cng nhn phi tch cc phng chy khng xy ra ng thi chun b sn sng v lc lng, phng tin khi cn cha chy kp thi v c hiu qu. Phi thn trng trong vic s dng la, cc ngun nhit, ha cht v cc cht d chy n, cht c hi, phng x. Trit tun theo cc quy nh v phng chy cha chy. - Cm cu mc, s dng in ty tin, sau gi lm vic phi kim tra li cc thit b tiu th in. Ch n, qut, bp in trc lc ra v. Khng hng ha, vt t p st vo hng n, dy in. Phi tun th nghim ngt quy nh v k thut an ton tong s dng in. - Vt t, hng ha phi xp gn gng, m bo khong cch an ton phng chy cha chy, to iu kin thun li cho vic kim tra, bo v v cu nguy khi cn thit. Khng dng kha m np phuy xng v cc dung mi d chy bng st thp. - Khi giao nhn hng xe khng c n my trong kho hoc ni cha nhiu cht d chy, khi phi hng u xe ra ngoi. - Trn cc li i li, nht l cc li thot him, khng cc chng ngi vt. - n v v c nhn c thnh tch phng chy cha chy s c khen thng, ngi no vi phm cc quy nh trn th ty trch nhim nng nh m x l t thi hnh k lut hnh chnh n truy t theo php lut hin hnh.
IX. KT LUN:
Mc d quy trnh sn xut tng i r rng, nhng trong qu trnh thit k vn khng trnh khi thiu st do cc nguyn nhn ch quan ln khch quan. Phn chn thit b: do kh nng tim ti liu cn hn ch, cc nh sn xut khng
Page 38
a ht cc thng s ca thit b, nn thng s thit b vn cha y . Phn in, nc, hi: do khng c kinh nghim thc t v cc thng s ca thit b nn ch tnh mt cch tng i, cha chnh xc. - Phn kinh t: khng th tnh c v cc nh sn xut khng a ra gi thnh thit b tnh
TT T/TU THAM KHO
(1) ng Th Anh o, K thut bao b thc phm, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2004 (2) Quch nh - Nguyn Vn Tip - Nguyn Vn Thoa, Cng ngh sau thu hoch v ch bin rau qu, NXB KHKT, 1996 (3) L Vn Vit Man, Cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm t sa v thc ung tp 2 Cng ngh sn xut thc ung, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2004 (4) L Vn Vit Mn - Li Quc t - Nguyn Th Hin - Tn N Minh Nguyt - Trn Th Thu Tr, Cng ngh ch bin thc phm, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2009. (5) Tn N Minh Nguyt - L Vn Vit Mn - Trn Th Thu Tr, Cng ngh ch bin rau tri tp 1, Nguyn liu v cng ngh bo qun sau thu hoch, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2008
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AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

143 101 144 222 150

145,3 70,8 140,7 234,3 151,9

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

2.1. Da: s Ngun gc c im thc vt:

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

pH(a) cng (a)

Tng cht rn ho mg/1 tan (TDS) (a)

SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

0,01 TCVN 6182 1996 (ISO 6595 - 1982)

Hm lng Bari 11. 12.

AOAC hoc SMEWW

ISO 9390 - 1990

TCVN6197 1996 (ISO 5961-1994)

Hm lng Clorua mg/1 (a)

2 (ISO 8288 - 1986) TCVN 6193- 1996

TCVN6181 1996 (ISO 6703/11984)

0,7 - 1,5 TCVN 6195- 1996 (ISO 10359/11992)

SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

0,5 TCVN 6177- 1996 (ISO 6332- 1988)

Hm lng mg/1 Molybden Hm lng Niken mg/1

0,02 26. Hm lng Nitrat mg/1 50 0

TCVN 6180- 1996 (ISO 7890-1988) mg/1

Hm lng Selen 28.

SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

III. QUY TRNH CNG NGH (^^7

SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o

Gii thch quy trnh cng ngh:

SVTH: Hunh Th Trc Hng

AMH Thit k phn xng sn xut nc da p trong

GVHD: PGS.TS ng Th Anh o