Thiết kế hệ SCADA dùng WinCC

TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA TP.
HCM KHOA IEN-IEN T NGANH IEU KHIEN T ONG
******
e tai:
Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC
GVHD : Thay PHAN NGUYEN PHUC QUOC. SVTH : TRAN TH AN. MSSV : 49700018.
Nien Khoa 1997-2002.
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Li cam n
Li au tien em chan thanh cam n thay Phan Nguyen Phuc Quoc a trc tiep hng dan; cung cap tai lieu, thiet b va tao moi ieu kien e em hoan thanh tap luan van nay. Em xin gi li cam n en tat ca cac thay co giao bo mon ieu Khien T ong, cung nh cac thay co khoa ien -ien T thi gian qua a truyen at va trang b cho em ay u kien thc chuan b cho luan van tot nghiep. Tuy a co gang nhieu nhng do thi gian co han, tap luan van nay se khong tranh khoi sai sot, em xin quy thay co va oc gia thong cam bo qua. Em xin tiep nhan moi y kien.
Ngi thc hien Sinh vien Tran Th An
Li m au
Lch s a trai qua nhieu giai oan, va tng chng kien cac cuoc Cach Mang Khoa Hoc Ky Thuat. No khong nhng giai phong sc lao ong, ma con giup viec san xuat c tien trien nhanh chong, so lng va chat lng san pham khong ngng tang len, phuc vu cho i song nhan loai. Ngay nay, vi s tr giup cua may ien toan, con ngi a lam c nhng viec tng chng nh khong the vai chuc nam trc ay. Hien nay trong cac nganh cong nghiep hien ai, viec s dung may tnh oi hoi gan nh la tat yeu; chung giup cho viec san xuat hay kiem tra san pham c de dang, thuan li, han che sai so, that thoat Ngi ta co the khong can phai xuong tan cac phan xng e theo doi hay ieu chnh bang tay, ma ta hoan toan co the ieu khien va thu thap, quan ly d lieu ngay tai phong ieu Khien Trung Tam cho cac he thong T ong-he thong nay goi chung la he thong SCADA. i theo mot nhanh nho cua he thong SCADA, em thc hien viec ieu khien cho bnh tron hoa chat dung ngon ng lap trnh S7300 va WinCC e thiet lap giao dien ket noi ieu khien oi tng.
MUC LUC
Li m au.
Chng 1: Gii thieu ......................................................................................... 2

I. Tong quan ve bo ieu khien lap trnh c ..............................................2 1. Bo ieu khien lap trnh c ....................................................................... 2 2. ieu khien noi cng va ieu khien lap trnh c .................................... 2 3. Quet chng trnh tuan hoan va anh cac qua trnh .................................... 3 a. Quet chng trnh tuan hoan .................................................................. 3 b. Anh cac qua trnh ................................................................................... 3 II. Cau truc va phan chia bo nh ..................................................................... 4 1. Cac module cua PLC S7-300 ....................................................................... 4 a. Module CPU ............................................................................................ 4 b. Module m rong...................................................................................... 5 2. Kieu d lieu va phan chia bo nh .............................................................. 6 a. Kieu d lieu ............................................................................................ 6 b. Phan chia bo nh..................................................................................... 6 c. Tam a ch toi a cho cac vung nh ..................................................... 7 3. Cau truc chng trnh .................................................................................. 8 a. Lap trnh tuyen tnh ............................................................................... 8 b. Lap trnh co cau truc .............................................................................. 8
PHAN 1: PLCS7-300 ......................................................................1
Chng 2: Ngon ng lap trnh S7-300 ........................................................ 11

I. S dung cac o nh va cau truc thanh ghi trang thai ............................... 11 1. a ch o nh ................................................................................................ 11 a. Phan ch ................................................................................................. 11 b. Phan so ................................................................................................... 12 2. Cau truc thanh ghi trang thai ...................................................................... 12 II. Cac lenh va phep toan ................................................................................. 16 1. Lenh nap chuyen ......................................................................................... 16 2. Cac lenh tac ong vao RLO va o nh ...................................................... 16 3. Cac lenh tac ong vao hai thanh ghi ACCU1 va ACCU2 ......................... 17 a. Nhom lenh ao v tr bytes ..................................................................... 17 b. Nhom lenh tang giam ............................................................................ 17
c. Nhom lenh dch chuyen .......................................................................... 18 d. Nhom lenh chuyen oi so BCD va so nguyen ...................................... 20 e. Nhom lenh chuyen oi so dau cham ong sang so nguyen ................ 20 f. Nhom lenh so sanh ............................................................................... 21 g. Nhom lenh so hoc ................................................................................. 22 4. Cac lenh ieu khien logic va ieu khien chng trnh .............................. 23 a. Cac lenh ieu khien logic ...................................................................... 23 b. Cac lenh ieu khien chng trnh ......................................................... 25 5. Bo nh thi Timer ...................................................................................... 29 a. Chc nang Timer ................................................................................... 29 b. Cac v du bang gian o cho tng loai Timer ........................................ 30 6. Bo em Counter ......................................................................................... 33 a. Chc nang Counter ................................................................................ 33 b. V du minh hoa ....................................................................................... 34
Chng 3: Thc thi chng trnh .............................................................35

I. Hoat ong cua CPU ..................................................................................... 35 1. Cac vung nh CPU ...................................................................................... 35 2. Cat chng trnh vao CPU .......................................................................... 36 3. nh ngha cac vung nh gi ...................................................................... 36 a. S dung RAM khong boc hi ................................................................ 37 b. at cau hnh d lieu cat trong RAM ..................................................... 38 c. S dung pin backup e gi d lieu ....................................................... 38 4. Hoat ong cua CPU ..................................................................................... 39 a. Chu ky quet ........................................................................................... 39 b. Cac che o hoat ong ............................................................................ 39 c. Cac che o hoat ong khac ................................................................... 41 II. Cac khoi logic .............................................................................................. 42 1. Cac khoi to chc OB .................................................................................... 42 2. Cac ham va cac khoi ham ........................................................................... 48 3. Cac khoi he thong ........................................................................................ 48 4. Cac khoi cua cac CPU cua PLC S7-300 ..................................................... 49 5. Thc thi chng trnh trong OB1 ................................................................. 49 a. Hoat ong cua OB1 ................................................................................ 49 b. D lieu cuc bo trong OB1 ...................................................................... 50 c. Thong tin Start up ................................................................................... 50 d. Lp u tien va chng trnh ngat .......................................................... 51
Chng 1: Control Center ..........................................................................55

I. Noi dung cua Control Center ...................................................................... 56 1. Chc nang .................................................................................................... 56 a. Nhiem vu cua quan ly d lieu ............................................................... 56 b. Nhiem vu cua Control Center ............................................................... 56 2. Cau truc ........................................................................................................ 57 3. Soan thao ...................................................................................................... 58 4. Cac thanh phan cua project trong Control Center ..................................... 58 a. May tnh ................................................................................................. 59 b. Quan ly tag ............................................................................................. 59 c. Cac kieu d lieu ..................................................................................... 63 d. Soan thao ................................................................................................ 65
PHAN 2: LAP TRNH WINCC .................................... 54
Chng 2: Cac thanh phan soan thao ...................................................66

I. Alarm Logging .............................................................................................. 66 1. Chc nang ..................................................................................................... 66 a. Nhiem vu cua Alarm Logging CS ......................................................... 66 b. Nhiem vu cua Alarm Logging RT.......................................................... 66 2. Khai quat ve Alarm Logging ...................................................................... 66 a. Thong bao ............................................................................................... 66 b. Thu tuc thong bao ................................................................................... 67 c. Cau truc mot thong bao ......................................................................... 67 d. To chc cac thong bao ........................................................................... 68 e. Hien th cac thong bao trong che o run timer ..................................... 68 II. Tag Logging ................................................................................................... 69 1. Chc nang ..................................................................................................... 69 a. Nhiem vu cua Tag Logging CS .............................................................. 69 b. Nhiem vu cua Tag Logging RT.............................................................. 69 c. Thc hien Tag Logging .......................................................................... 70 d. Cac kieu d lieu...................................................................................... 70 e. Cac phng phap lu tr d lieu qua trnh ........................................... 71 2. Cau truc cua Tag Logging CS ..................................................................... 75 a. Timers ..................................................................................................... 75 b. Achives ................................................................................................... 75 c. Trends ..................................................................................................... 77 d. Tables ...................................................................................................... 77
III. Graphic Designer ......................................................................................... 77 1. Chc nang .................................................................................................... 77 2. Cau truc......................................................................................................... 77 a. Palette oi tng ..................................................................................... 78 b. Tab Property ....................................................................................... 81 c. Tab Event ............................................................................................ 81 IV. Global Scripts ................................................................................................ 82 1. Gii thieu ..................................................................................................... 82 2. Cac ham d an ............................................................................................. 83 3. Cac ham chuan ............................................................................................ 84 a. Cac ham chuan co san trong he thong ................................................... 84 b. Cac ham chuan la chon ....................................................................... 86 4. Cac ham noi ................................................................................................. 86 V. Report Designer ............................................................................................ 95 1. Gii thieu ...................................................................................................... 95 2. Bao cao ......................................................................................................... 96 a. Bao cao trong page layout ...................................................................... 97 b. Bao cao trong line layout ...................................................................... 98 3. Ket noi Report Layouts vi cac ng dung ................................................. 98 a. Chon d lieu e phan hoi tai lieu ......................................................... 98 b. Chon d lieu cho cau hnh on-line ........................................................ 102
PHAN 3: NG DUNG HE SCADA VAO HE THONG PHA TRON HOA CHAT ............................... 103
Chng 1: He thong Scada.........................................................................104
I. Gii thieu he Scada ...................................................................................... 104 II. Cac ac tnh chnh cua he thong Scada hien ai ...................................... 107
Chng 2: Thc hien chng trnh ..........................................................110

I. Gii thieu ve he thong pha tron .................................................................. 110 1. Gii thieu tong quat .................................................................................... 110 2. Hoat ong cua he thong .............................................................................. 110 II. Tao cac giao dien ket noi bang WinCC .................................................... 114 1. Cac tags va nhom tag a tao trong chng trnh ........................................ 114 2. Cac giao dien cho chng trnh .................................................................. 116 a. Man hnh chnh ...................................................................................... 116 b. Man hnh Gii thieu ........................................................................... 117 c. Man hnh Thong tin ............................................................................. 118 d. Man hnh ieu khien ......................................................................... 119
e. Man hnh Mo hnh .............................................................................. 120 f. Man hnh Xem d lieu ........................................................................ 121 g. Man hnh Thu thap ............................................................................. 122 h. Man hnh o th .................................................................................. 123 i. Man hnh Thong bao ........................................................................... 124 III. Lap trnh cho he thong bang Simatic S7-300 ........................................... 125 1. ac tnh thiet b ........................................................................................... 125 a. Cau hnh ................................................................................................. 125 b. Cap ket noi MPI ..................................................................................... 126 2. Gii thieu chng trnh ............................................................................... 127 a. Cac khoi s dung trong chng trnh .................................................... 127 b. Phan lap trnh .......................................................................................... 127
Chng 3: Ket qua thc hien va hng phat trien e tai .......................128
1. Ket qua thc hien ........................................................................................ 128 2. Hng phat trien e tai ................................................................................ 128
NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN HNG DAN
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NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN
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Luan Van Tot Nghiep
Phan 1
PHAN 1
PLC S7-300

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Chng 1 :
Gii Thieu
I. TONG QUAN VE BO IEU KHIEN LAP TRNH
C.
1. Bo ieu khien lap trnh c.
Bo ieu khien lap trnh c (Programmable Logic Controller), goi tat la PLC, la bo ieu khien cho phep thc hien linh hoat cac thuat toan ieu khien so thong qua ngon ng lap trnh e trao oi thong tin vi cac PLC khac hoac vi may tnh. Toan bo chng trnh ieu khien c lu trong bo nh cua PLC di dang cac khoi chng trnh (khoi OB, FB hoac FC) va c thc hien lap theo chu ky cua vong quet (scan). PLC chu yeu bao gom module CPU, cac bo x ly va bo nh chng trnh, cac module xuat/nhap (I/O module), he thong bus va khoi nguon cap ien. He thong tuyen (system bus): la tuyen e truyen cac tn hieu, gom nhieu ng tn hieu song song: Tuyen a ch (address bus): chon a ch tren cac khoi khac nhau. Tuyen d lieu (data bus): mang d lieu (th du t IM ti OM). Tuyen ieu khien (control bus): chuyen, truyen cac tn hieu nh th va ieu khieu e ong bo cac hoat ong trong PLC.
2. ieu khien noi cng va ieu khien lap trnh c.

ieu khien noi cng (Hard_wired control) Trong cac he thong ieu khien noi cng, cac tiep iem cam bien, cac en, cac cong tac,...c noi vnh vien vi cai khac. Do o khi muon thay oi lai he thong th phai noi day lai bo ieu khien, vi he thong phc tap th viec lam lai nay khong hieu qua va ton kem. ieu khien lap trnh c (Programmable control) Tuy nhien trong cac he thong ieu khien lap trnh c th cau truc cua bo ieu khien va noi day th oc lap vi chng trnh. ieu nay co

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ngha la cac bo ieu khien chuan co the s dung. Th du: cac tiep iem cam bien va cac cuon day ieu hanh tren may cong cu c noi trc tiep vao cac au noi cua bo ieu khien. Chng trnh nh ngha hoat ong ieu khien c ghi trc tiep vao bo nh cua bo ieu khien (bo nh chng trnh) vi s tr giup cua bo lap trnh hoac mot may vi tnh. Ta co the thay oi chng trnh ieu khien bang cach thay oi noi dung cua bo nh bo ieu khien, ngha la bo nh chng trnh, con phan noi day ben ngoai th khong b anh hng. ay chnh la mot trong cac iem thuan li quan trong nhat cua bo ieu khien lap trnh c.
3. Quet chng trnh tuan hoan va anh cac qua trnh.

a. Quet chng trnh tuan hoan:
Thi gian e cho mot lan quet qua tat ca cac phat bieu c liet ke trong chng trnh c goi la thi gian quet (scan timer). Mot chu ky quet gom co 4 giai oan sau: Chuyen d lieu t cong vao ti I. Thc hien chng trnh. Chuyen d lieu t Q ti cong ra. Truyen thong va kiem tra noi bo. Thi gian quet nay tuy thuoc vao so lenh trong chng trnh va tuy theo tng loai PLC. Neu s dung cac khoi chng trnh ac biet co che o ngat, v du nh khoi OB40, OB80,..., chng trnh cua cac khoi o se c thc hien trong vong quet khi xuat hien tn hieu bao ngat cung chung loai. Cac khoi chng trnh nay co the c thc hien tai moi thi iem trong vong quet ch khong b go ep la phai trong giai oan thc hien chng trnh.
b. Anh cac qua trnh:

Anh qua trnh nhap PII (Process Input Image) Sau khi bat au thi gian theo doi quet, cac trang thai tn hieu cua tat ca cac ngo vao so trong PLC c quet (do) va c a vao bo em anh qua trnh nhap PII cho en khi bat au chu ky quet ke tiep. Trong luc quet chng trnh ke tiep (c bat au bang cach goi OB1), cac trang thai tn hieu cua cac ngo vao c lay t anh qua trnh PII nay.

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Anh qua trnh xuat PIQ (Process Output Image) Neu trong mot chu ky quet, cac trang thai tn hieu c thiet lap cho mot hay nhieu ngo ra, th trc het chung phai c em trong qua trnh xuat PIQ. Khi chng trnh c quet en phat bieu cuoi (BE) cua khoi to chc OB1, noi dung cua anh qua trnh xuat PIQ c chuyen en cac module xuat. Anh qua trnh xuat/nhap la vung RAM noi ma moi v tr bo nh c gan cho moi ngo vao so va ngo ra so. Cac thuan li: Viec em cac trang thai nhap va xuat trong cac anh qua trnh bao am la cac tn hieu vao ma thay oi trong chu ky quet khong the co hieu ng tren chuoi chc nang. Hn na, viec em cac trang thai tn hieu cua cac ngo vao va cac ngo ra giam thi gian quet khi truy cap vao bo nh d lieu he thong can t thi gian hn nhieu truy cap trc tiep vao cac modules xuat/ nhap.
II.
CAU TRUC VA PHAN CHIA BO NH.

1. Cac module cua PLC S7-300.
e tang tnh mem deo trong ng dung thc te ma o phan ln cac oi tng ieu khien co so tn hieu au vao, au ra cung nh chung loai tn hieu vao/ra khac nhau ma cac bo ieu khien PLC c thiet ke khong b cng hoa ve cau hnh. Chung c chia nho thanh cac module. So cac module c s dung nhieu hay t tuy thuoc vao tng bai toan, song toi thieu bao gi cung phai co mot module chnh la module CPU. Cac module con lai la nhng module nhan/truyen tn hieu vi oi tng ieu khien, cac module chuyen dung nh PID, ieu khien ong c...Chung c goi chung la module m rong.
a. Module CPU:
Module CPU la loai module co cha bo vi x ly, he ieu hanh, bo nh, cac bo nh thi, bo em, cong truyen thong... va co the co mot vai cong vao ra so. Cac cong vao ra so co tren module CPU c goi la cong vao ra onboard.

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Trong ho PLC S7-300 co nhieu loai module CPU khac nhau. Chung c at ten theo bo vi x ly co trong no nh module CPU312, module CPU314, module CPU315... Nhng module cung s dung mot loai bo vi x ly, nhng khac nhau ve cong vao/ra onboard cung nh cac khoi ham ac biet c tch hp san trong th vien cua he ieu hanh phuc vu viec s dung cac cong vao ra onboard nay se c phan biet vi nhau trong ten goi bang them cum t IFM (Intergrated Function Module). Chang han module CPU312 IFM, module CPU314...Ngoai ra con co loai module vi hai cong truyen thong nh module CPU315-DP.
b. Module m rong:
Module m rong co 5 loai chnh: PS (Power Supply): Module nguon nuoi. Co 3 loai: 2A, 5A, 10A. SM (Signal Module): Module m rong cong tn hieu vao/ra, bao gom: DI (Digital Input): Module m rong cac cong vao so. DO (Digital Output): Module m rong cac cong ra so. DI/DO: Module m rong cac cong vao/ra so. AI (Analog Input): Module m rong cac cong vao tng t. AO (Analog Output): Module m rong cac cong ra tng t. AI/AO: Module m rong cac cong vao/ra tng t. IM (Interface module): Module ghep noi. ay la loai module chuyen dung co nhiem vu noi tng nhom cac module m rong lai vi nhau thanh mot khoi va c quan ly chung bi mot module CPU. Cac module m rong c ga tren mot thanh rack. Tren moi rack co the ga c toi a 8 module m rong (khong ke module CPU va module nguon nuoi). Mot module CPU S7-300 co the lam viec trc tiep c vi nhieu nhat 4 racks va cac racks nay phai c noi vi nhau bang module IM. FM (Function Module): Module co chc nang ieu khien rieng, v du nh module ieu khien ong c bc, module ieu khien ong c servo, module PID, module ieu khien vong kn,... CP (Communication Module): Module phuc vu truyen thong trong mang gia cac PLC vi nhau hoac gia PLC vi may tnh.

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2. Kieu d lieu va phan chia bo nh.

a. Kieu d lieu:
Trong mot chng trnh co the co cac kieu d lieu sau: BOOL: vi dung lng 1 bit va co gia tr la 0 hay 1. BYTE: gom 8 bit, co gia tr nguyen dng t 0 en 255. WORD: gom 2 byte, co gia tr nguyen dng t 0 en 65535. INT: co dung lng 2 byte, dung e bieu dien so nguyen t 32768 en 32767. DINT: gom 4 byte, bieu dien so nguyen t -2147463846 en 2147483647. REAL: gom 4 byte, bieu dien so thc dau phay ong. S5T: khoang thi gian, c tnh theo gi/phut/giay/miligiay. TOD: bieu dien gia tr thi gian tnh theo gi/phut/giay. DATE : bieu dien gia tr thi gian tnh theo nam/thang/ngay. CHAR: bieu dien mot hoac nhieu ky t (nhieu nhat la 4 ky t).
b. Phan chia bo nh:

CPU S7-300 co 3 vung nh c ban: Vung nh he thong (system memory): (RAM trong CPU) lu tr d lieu hoat ong cho chng trnh cua ta: I (Process Input Image): Mien bo em cac d lieu cong vao so. Trc khi bat au thc hien chng trnh, PLC se oc gia tr logic cua tat ca cac cong au vao va cat gi chung trong vung nh I. Thong thng chng trnh ng dung khong oc trc tiep trang thai logic cua cong vao so ma ch lay d lieu cua cong vao t bo em I. Q (Process Output Image): Mien bo em cac d lieu cong ra so. Ket thuc giai oan thc hien chng trnh, PLC se chuyen gia tr logic cua bo em Q ti cac cong ra so. Thong thng chng trnh khong trc tiep gan gia tr ti tan cong ra ma ch chuyen chung vao bo em Q.

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M: Mien cac bien c. Chng trnh ng dung s dung vung nh nay e lu tr cac tham so can thiet va co the truy nhap no theo bit (M), byte (MB), t (MW), t kep (MD). T (Timer): Mien nh phuc vu bo nh thi bao gom viec lu tr cac gia tr thi gian at trc (PV-Preset Value), gia tr em thi gian tc thi (CV-Current Value) cung nh gia tr logic au ra cua bo thi gian. C (Counter): Mien nh phuc vu bo em bao gom viec lu tr gia tr at trc (PV-Preset Value), gia tr em tc thi (CVCurrent Value) va gia tr logic cua bo em. PI (I/O External Input): Mien a ch cong vao cua cac module tng t. Cac gia tr tng t tai cong vao cua module tng t se c module oc va chuyen t ong theo nhng a ch. PQ (I/O External Output): Mien a ch cong ra cua cac module tng t. Cac gia tr tng t tai cong ra cua module tng t se c module oc va chuyen t ong theo nhng a ch. Vung nh nap (load memory): (RAM trong CPU, cong them EEPROM co san trong CPU hoac the EEPROM gan them) la vung nh cha chng trnh cua ta bao gom tat ca cac khoi chng trnh ng dung OB, FB, FC, cac khoi chng trnh trong th vien he thong c s dung (SFB, SFC) va cac khoi d lieu DB. Toan bo cac khoi chng trnh va cac khoi d lieu nam trong RAM se b xoa khi tac ong xoa bo nh CPU memory reset (MRES). Vung nh lam viec (word memory): (RAM trong CPU) cha cac ban sao cua cac phan t chng trnh ang c CPU thc thi. Nh cac khoi DB ang c m, khoi chng trnh (OB, FB, FC, SFB, SFB) ang c CPU thc hien va phan bo nh cap phat cho nhng tham so hnh thc e cac khoi chng trnh nay trao oi tham tr vi he ieu hanh va vi cac khoi chng trnh khac (local block). Tai mot thi iem nhat nh vung work memory ch cha mot khoi chng trnh duy nhat.
c. Tam a ch toi a cho cac vung nh:

Vi I, Q, PI, DB, DI va L:

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Tam a ch toi a cho bit: 0.0 en 65535.7 Tam a ch toi a cho byte: 0 en 65535 Tam a ch toi a cho word: 0 en 65534 Tam a ch toi a cho double word: 0 en 65532 Vi bo nh bit M: Tam a ch toi a cho bit: 0.0 en 255.7 Tam a ch toi a cho byte : 0 en 255 Tam a ch toi a cho word: 0 en 254 Tam a ch toi a cho double word: 0 en 252
Phan 1
3.
Cau truc chng trnh.
Ta phai luon luon lap trnh khoi OB 1 e cho PLC quet tuan hoan chng trnh e thc thi. Co hai kieu lap trnh: lap trnh tuyen tnh va lap trnh co cau truc.
a. Lap trnh tuyen tnh (liner):

Toan bo chng trnh ieu khien nam trong mot khoi trong bo nh. Loai hnh cau truc tuyen tnh nay phu hp vi nhng bai toan t ong nho, khong phc tap. Khoi c chon phai la khoi OB 1, la khoi ma CPU luon quet va thc hien cac lenh trong no thng xuyen, t lenh au tien en lenh cuoi cung va quay lai t lenh au tien.
OB 1
b. Lap trnh co cau truc (structured) :

Trong PLC Siemens S7 to chc theo cac khoi ma co the lap trnh c vi tng nhiem vu rieng. Loai hnh cau truc nay phu hp vi nhng bai toan ieu khien nhieu nhiem vu va phc tap. PLC S7-300 co 4 loai khoi c ban:

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Phan 1
Khoi to chc OB (Oganization block) : Khoi to chc va quan ly chng trnh ieu khien. Khoi ham chc nang FB (Function block) : La loai khoi FC ac biet co kha nang trao oi mot lng d lieu vi cac khoi chng trnh khac. Cac d lieu nay phai c to chc thanh khoi d lieu rieng co ten goi la Data block . Khoi ham (Function) : Khoi chng trnh vi nhng chc nang rieng giong nh mot chng trnh con hoac mot ham. Khoi d lieu (Data block) : Khoi cha cac d lieu can thiet e thc hien chng trnh. Cac tham so khoi do ta t at. Ngoai ra con co cac khoi he thong nh : SFB, SFC, SDB. Toan bo cac khoi chng trnh con c quan ly mot cach thong nhat b i khoi OB1. Chng trnh trong cac khoi c lien ket vi nhau bang cac lenh goi khoi, chuyen khoi. Tng nhiem vu ieu khien con co the c chia thanh nhng nhiem vu nho va cu the hn na, do o mot khoi chng trnh con cung co the c goi t mot khoi chng trnh con khac. Nhng tranh khong bao gi mot khoi chng trnh con lai goi en chnh no. Khi thc hien lenh goi mot khoi con, he ieu hanh se: Chuyen khoi con c goi t vung load memory vao vung word memory. Cap phat cho khoi con mot phan bo nh trong word memory e lam local block. Cau truc local block c quy nh khi soan thao cac khoi. Truyen cac tham tr t khoi me cho bien hnh thc IN, IN-OUT cua local block. Sau khi khoi con thc hien xong nhiem vu va ghi ket qua di dang tham tr au ra cho bien OUT, IN-OUT cua local block, he ieu hanh se chuyen cac tham tr nay cho khoi me va giai phong khoi con cung local block ra khoi word memory.
OB
FB
FC
SFB
FB
FB
SFC

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Phan 1
FB s dung cung vi DB (instance)
So cac lenh goi long nhau phu thuoc vao tng chung loai module CPU ma ta s dung. Neu so lan goi khoi long nhau ma vt qua con so gii han cho phep, PLC se t chuyen sang che o STOP va set c bao loi. Ta co bang so sanh kha nang lap trnh cua cac PLC SIMATIC S7-300 nh sau: ( CPU 312 IFM ... CPU 315-2 DP)
Khoi OB FB FC DB SFC SFB
CPU IFM 3 32 32 63 25 2
312
CPU 314 IFM 13 128 128 127 36 7
CPU 313/314/315 13 128 128 127 36 (CPU 315:37) -
CPU 315-2 DP 14 128 128 127 40 -
Bang 1.1: so sanh kha nang lap trnh cua cac PLC SIMATIC S7-300.

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Phan 1
Chng 2:
Ngon Ng Lap Trnh S7-300
I. S DUNG CAC O NH VA CAU TRUC THANH GHI TRANG THAI.

1. a ch o nh.
a ch o nh gom phan ch va phan so.
a. Phan ch: ch v tr va kch thc o nh.

M: ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 1 bit. MB: ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 1 byte. MW: ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 2 bytes. MD: ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 4 bytes. I: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 bit trong mien bo em cong vao so. IB: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 byte trong mien bo em cong vao so. IW: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 t trong mien bo em cong vao so. ID: ch o nh co kch thc la 2 t trong mien bo em cong vao so. Q: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 bit trong mien bo em cong ra so. QB: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 byte trong mien bo em cong ra so. QW: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 t trong mien bo em cong ra so.

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Phan 1
QD: ch o nh co kch thc la 2 t trong mien bo em cong ra so. T: ch o nh trong mien nh cua bo thi gian Timer. C: ch o nh trong mien nh cua bo em Counter. PIB: ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte thuoc vung peripheral input. PIW: ch o nh co kch thc 1 t thuoc vung peripheral input. PID: ch o nh co kch thc 2 t thuoc vung peripheral input. PQB: ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte thuoc vung peripheral output. PQW: ch o nh co kch thc 1 t thuoc vung peripheral output. PQD: ch o nh co kch thc 2 t thuoc vung peripheral output. DBX: ch o nh co kch thc 1 bit trong khoi d lieu DB. DBB: ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte trong khoi d lieu DB. DBW: ch o nh co kch thc 1 t trong khoi d lieu DB. DBD: ch o nh co kch thc 2 t trong khoi d lieu DB.
b. Phan so:
Ch a ch cua byte hoac bit trong mien nh a xac nh. Neu o nh a c xac nh thong qua phan ch la co kch thc 1 bit th phan so se gom a ch cua byte va so th t cua bit trong byte o c tach vi nhau bang dau cham. V du: I 1.3 M 100.5 Q 124.7 Neu o nh a c xac nh la 1 byte, t hoac t kep th phan so se la a ch byte au tien trong mang byte cua o nh o. V du: DIB 15 MD 46
2. Cau truc thanh ghi trang thai.

Khi thc hien lenh , CPU se ghi nhan lai trang thai cua phep tnh trung gian cung nh cua ket qua vao mot thanh ghi ac biet goi la thanh ghi trang thai (status word). Cau truc cua thanh ghi trang thai: 215... ...29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

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BR
Phan 1
CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO /FC
Bit /FC (first check) Bit 0 cua thanh ghi trang thai c goi la bit kiem tra au tien (/FC). Moi lenh kiem tra trang thai tn hieu cua /FC cung nh trang thai tn hieu cua toan hang. Neu bit /FC =0, lenh cat ket qua kiem tra trang thai tn hieu vao bit RLO va at bit /FC len 1. Qua trnh nay c goi la kiem tra au tien (first check) hay quet lan th nhat (first scan). Neu bit /FC =1 th lenh ket hp ket qua do mc cua toan hang hien tai vi RLO trc o e tao ra RLO mi. Chuoi lenh logic luon luon ket thuc bang lenh xuat (S,R hay =), lenh nhay lien he vi RLO, hoac mot trong cac lenh long nh A(, O(, X(, AN(, XN(; cac lenh nay reset bit /FC ve 0. RLO (Result of Logic Operation): ket qua cua phep toan logic. Bit 1 cua STW c goi la RLO, bit nay cha ket qua cua lenh logic tren bit hoac so sanh so hoc. Ta co the at RLO khong ieu kien len 1 bang lenh SET va xoa RLO khong ieu kien ve 0 bang lenh CLR. Bit RLO cung co lien quan en cac lenh nhay co ieu kien.
Hnh1.1: hieu ng cua trang thai tn hieu bit /FC tren cac lenh logic. Bit STA (status) Bit STA cha gia tr cua bit ma ta ang tham chieu. Trang thai cua lenh bit ma truy cap oc bo nh (A, AN, O, ON, X, XN) luon luon bang gia tr cua bit

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Phan 1
ma lenh nay kiem tra (do mc). Trang thai cua lenh bit ghi vao bo nh (S, R, =) bang gia tr cua bit ma lenh ghi vao; neu khong co xay ra ghi th no bang gia tr cua bit no tham chieu. Bit STA khong co y ngha vi cac lenh bit ma khong truy cap bo nh, cac lenh nh vay at bit STA len 1. Bit nay khong b kiem tra bi lenh, no ch c dien dch khi th chng trnh.
Bit OR Bit can co khi s dung lenh O e thc hien AND-trc -OR. Ham AND cha cac lenh sau: A, AN, A(, AN(, ) va NOT. Bit OR cho thay cac lenh ma ham AND c thc thi trc o a cho gia tr 1. Bat c lenh x ly bit khac reset bit OR. Bit OV (Overflow) Bit OV co chc nang bao loi. No c at len 1 bang lenh toan hoc hay lenh so sanh dau cham ong sau khi loi xay ra (tran, phep toan khong hp le, so dau cham ong khong hp le). Bit nay c at theo ket qua cua lenh toan hoc ke hay lenh so sanh ke. Bit OS (stored overflow bit) Bit OS c at cung vi bit OV khi co loi xay ra. Bi v bit OS van gi la 1 sau khi a kh loi, no cha trang thai bit OV va cho thay co loi hay khong co loi xay ra mot trong cac lenh c thc thi trc o. Cac lenh sau reset bit OS: JOS (jump after stored overflow), cac lenh goi khoi, va cac lenh ket thuc khoi. Ma ieu kien CC1 va CC0 CC1 0 0 1 CC0 0 1 0 Giai thch Ket qua =0 Ket qua <0 Ket qua >0
Bang 1.2: CC1 va CC0 sau lenh toan hoc, khong co tran.
CC1 0
CC0 0
Giai thch Tran dai tr am trong +I va +D

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0 1 1 1 0 1
Phan 1
Tran dai tr am trong *I va *D Tran dai tr dng trong +I, -I, +D, -D, NEGI va NEGD Tran dai tr dng trong *I, *D, /I va /D Tran dai tr am trong +I, -I, +D, -D Chia cho 0 trong /I, /D, va MOD
Bang 1.3: CC1 va CC0 sau lenh toan hoc so nguyen, co tran.
CC1 0 0 1 1
CC0 0 1 0 1
Giai thch Tran di Tran dai tr am Tran dai tr dng So dau cham ong khong hp le
Bang 1.4: CC1 va CC0 sau cac lenh toan hoc dau cham ong, co tran. CC1 0 0 1 1 CC0 0 1 0 1 Giai thch ACCU 2 =ACCU 1 ACCU 2 <ACCU 1 ACCU 2 >ACCU 1 ACCU 1 hay ACCU 2 la so dau cham ong khong hp le
Bang 1.5: CC1 va CC0 sau cac lenh so sanh.
CC1 0 1
CC0 0 0
Giai thch Bit va dch ra la 0 Bit va dch ra la 1
Bang 1.6: CC1 va CC0 sau cac lenh dch va xoay.
CC1 0 1
CC0 0 0
Giai thch Ket qua = 0 Ket qua <>0
Bang 1.7: CC1 va CC0 sau cac lenh logic tren word.

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Phan 1
Bit BR (Binary Result) Bit BR tao lien ket gia x ly cac bit va cac word. ay la phng tien hu hieu e dien dch ket qua cua phep toan tren word nh ket qua nh phan va a ket qua nay vao chuoi logic nh phan. Vi cach nhn nay, bit BR bieu dien bit bo nh ben trong may ma RLO cat vao trc khi mot phep toan word lam thay oi RLO, e cho RLO kha dung lan na sau khi phep toan tiep tuc chuoi logic bit b ngat. Bit BR tng ng vi ngo ra cho phep (ENO = enable output) cua hop LAD. Ta nen s dung lenh SAVE e cat RLO vao bit BR theo cac tieu chuan sau: Cat bit RLO =1 vao bit BR cho trng hp ma FB hay FC c thc thi khong co loi. Cat bit RLO =0 vao bit BR cho trng hp ma FB hay FC c thc thi co loi. Ta nen lap trnh cac lenh nay cuoi FB hay FC e chung la cac lenh cuoi cung c thc thi trong khoi.
II. CAC LENH VA PHEP TOAN.

1. Lenh nap chuyen.
Cac lenh nay dung e trao oi thong tin bang byte, word hay double word gia cac module nhap va xuat, PII va PIQ, bo nh thi, bo em va c, cac khoi d lieu (DB). D lieu thng khong c trao oi trc tiep ma luon luon thong qua thanh ghi tch luy ACCU. No la thanh ghi trong bo x ly va c dung nh bo em (buffer). Dong i thong tin nh sau: Nap (LOAD) t bo nh nguon vao ACCU. Chuyen (TRANSFER) t ACCU en bo nh ch. Trong PLC co 2 thanh ghi: ACCU1 va ACCU2, moi thanh ghi co chieu dai 2 word. Chu y: Load va Transfer trc tiep khong qua PII va PIQ: L PIB T PQW Vi P la viet tat cua Peripheral (ngoai vi).

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Phan 1
Cac lenh Load va Transfer trc tiep ch co the lap trnh bang dang STL (ngoai tr cac toan hang cua Timer, Counter va cac lenh so sanh).
2. Cac lenh tac ong vao RLO va o nh.

SET: lenh ghi logic 1 vao RLO. CLR: lenh ghi logic 0 vao RLO. NOT: lenh ao gia tr cua RLO. S: lenh gan co ieu kien gia tr logic 1 vao o nh. R: lenh gan co ieu kien gia tr logic 0 vao o nh. FP <toan hang> : lenh phat hien sn len. Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D va c s dung nh mot bien c e ghi nhan lai gia tr cua RLO tai v tr nay trong chng trnh, nhng cua vong quet trc. Tai moi vong quet lenh se kiem tra: neu toan hang co gia tr 0 va RLO co gia tr 1 th se ghi 1 vao RLO, cac trng hp khac th ghi 0, ong thi chuyen noi dung cua RLO vao lai bien c. Nh vay RLO se co gia tr 1 trong mot vong quet khi co sn len trong RLO. FN <toan hang> : lenh phat hien sn xuong. Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D va c s dung nh mot bien c e ghi nhan lai gia tr cua RLO tai v tr nay trong chng trnh, nhng cua vong quet trc. Tai moi vong quet lenh se kiem tra: neu toan hang co gia tr 1 va RLO co gia tr 0 th se ghi 1 vao RLO, cac trng hp khac th ghi 0, ong thi chuyen noi dung cua RLO vao lai bien c. Nh vay RLO se co gia tr 1 trong mot vong quet khi co sn len trong RLO. SAVE : lenh chuyen gia tr cua RLO vao BR. Va mot so phep tnh c ban.
3. Cac lenh tac ong vao 2 thanh ghi ACCU1 va ACCU2.

a. Nhom lenh ao v tr bytes:
POP : lenh chuyen noi dung cua ACCU2 vao ACCU1. PUSH : lenh chuyen noi dung cua ACCU1 vao ACCU2. TAK : lenh ao noi dung cua 2 thanh ghi ACCU1 va ACCU2. CAW : lenh ao noi dung 2 bytes cua t thap trong ACCU1. CAD : lenh ao noi dung cac bytes trong ACCU1.

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Phan 1
INVI : lenh ao gia tr cac bits trong t thap cua ACCU1 INVD : lenh ao gia tr cac bits cua ACCU1.
b. Nhom lenh tang giam :

INC <toan hang> : lenh tang noi dung thanh ghi ACCU1. Toan hang la so nguyen 8 bits. Lenh thc hien phep cong gia byte thap cua t thap trong ACCU1 vi toan hang. Ket qua c ghi lai vao byte thap cua t thap cua ACCU1. DEC <toan hang> : lenh giam noi dung thanh ghi ACCU1. Toan hang la so nguyen 8 bits. Lenh thc hien phep tr byte thap cua t thap trong ACCU1 cho toan hang. Ket qua c ghi lai vao byte thap cua t thap cua ACCU1.
c. Nhom lenh dch chuyen:

RLD [n] : lenh xoay tron cac bits cua ACCU1 theo chieu trai. RRD [n]: lenh xoay tron cac bits cua ACCU1 theo chieu phai. Lenh co the co hoac khong co toan hang. Neu toan hang bang 0 th lenh tng ng vi lenh NOP. RLDA : lenh xoay tron ACCU1 theo chieu trai 1 bit. RRDA : lenh xoay tron ACCU1 theo chieu phai 1 bit.
Bang 1.8: tom tat cac lenh xoay bit.

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Phan 1
Hnh 1.2: xoay ACCU1 qua trai 3 bit. Th du: xoay phai word kep. L +3 L MD10 RRD T MD20
Hnh 1.3: xoay ACCU1 phai 3 bit.

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Phan 1
Hnh 1.4: xoay trai 1 bit qua CC1. SLW [<toan hang>]: dch trai cac bits trong t thap cua ACCU1. Bit 0 c ghi 0, bit 15 ay vao CC1. SLD [<toan hang>]: dch trai cac bits cua ACCU1. Bit 0 c ghi 0, bit 31 ay vao CC1. SRW [<toan hang>]: dch phai cac bits trong t thap cua ACCU1. Bit 0 c ghi 0, bit 15 ay vao CC1. SRD [<toan hang>]: dch phai cac bits cua ACCU1. Bit 0 c ghi 0, bit 31 ay vao CC1. SSI [<toan hang>]: dch phai cac bits trong t thap cua ACCU1. Bit 0 ay vao CC1, bit 15 ghi lai gia tr cu. SSD [<toan hang>]: dch phai cac bits cua ACCU1. Bit 0 ay vao CC1, bit 31 ghi lai gia tr cu.
d. Nhom lenh chuyen oi so BCD va so nguyen:

Bang sau tom tat cac lenh chuyen oi BCD va so nguyen (dang STL): Lenh BTI BTD ITB ITD Y ngha BCD sang so nguyen BCD sang so nguyen kep So nguyen sang BCD So nguyen sang so nguyen kep Chc nang oi so BCD trong word thap cua ACCU1 sang so nguyen 16 bits oi so BCD trong ACCU1 sang so nguyen kep 32 bits oi so nguyen 16 bits trong word thap cua ACCU1 sang so BCD oi so nguyen 16 bits trong word thap cua ACCU1 sang so nguyen kep 32 bits

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DTB DTR So nguyen kep sang BCD So nguyen kep sang so thc
Phan 1
oi so nguyen kep 32 bits trong ACCU1 sang so BCD oi so nguyen kep 32 bits trong ACCU1 sang so dau cham ong IEEE 32 bits (so thc)
Bang 1.9: chuyen oi so BCD va so nguyen.
e. Nhom lenh chuyen oi so dau cham ong 32 bits sang so nguyen 32 bits:
Ta co the s dung bat ky mot trong cac lenh sau e chuyen oi so dau cham ong IEEE 32 bits trong thanh ghi ACCU1 thanh so nguyen kep (cac lenh khac nhau ve cach lam tron) va ket qua c cat ACCU1. Lenh RND Y ngha Lam tron Chc nang Lam tron so c chuyen oi en so nguyen gan nhat. Neu phan phan so gia ket qua chan va le th se chon ket qua chan Lam tron thanh so Lam tron thanh so nguyen nho nhat ma ln nguyen kep ln hn hn hay bang so cham ong Lam tron thanh so Lam tron thanh so nguyen ln nhat ma nho nguyen kep nho hn hn hay bang so cham ong Bo phan le Ch lay phan nguyen cua so cham ong
RND+ RNDTRUNC
Bang 1.10: chuyen oi so dau cham ong 32 bits sang so ngyen 32 bits.
Hnh 1.5: tom tat cac lenh chuyen oi va lam tron.
f. Nhom lenh so sanh:

Dung e so sanh cac cap gia tr so sau:

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Phan 1
Hai so nguyen 16 bits. Hai so nguyen kep (32 bits). Hai so thc (dau cham ong IEEE 32 bits). CPU se so sanh gia tr so ACCU1, neu ket qua ung no se tra ve RLO=1, neu sai th RLO=0. Vi so nguyen 16 bits th no da tren so sanh word thap cua ACCU2 vi word thap cua ACCU1. Dang lenh so sanh nh sau: op datatype vi op (operator = toan t) co the la: So sanh Bang nhau Khong bang Ln hn Nho hn Ln hn hoac bang Nho hn hoac bang op == <> > < >= <=
datatype co the la I (so nguyen 16 bits), D (so nguyen kep 32 bits), R (so thc). Anh hng cua viec thc thi lenh so sanh len ma ieu kien CC1 va CC0. ieu kien so sanh ACCU2>ACCU1 ACCU2<ACCU1 ACCU2=ACCU1 ACCU2<>ACCU1 ACCU2>=ACCU1 ACCU2<=ACCU1 CC1 1 0 0 0/1 1/0 0/0 CC0 0 1 0 1/0 0/0 1/0 Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien co the s dung JN, JP JN, JM JZ JN JPZ JMZ
Bang 1.11: anh hng cua cac lenh so sanh len CC1 va CC0.
g. Nhom lenh so hoc:

Vi so nguyen 16 bits: co cac lenh thc hien cong (+I), tr (I), nhan (*I), chia (/I). Lay word thap cua ACCU2 +,-,*,/ vi word thap cua ACCU1, ket qua lai vao word thap cua ACCU1.

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Phan 1
Vi so nguyen kep 32 bits: co cac lenh thc hien cong (+D), tr (-D), nhan (*D), chia (/D). Lay ACCU2 +,-,*,/ vi ACCU1, ket qua lai vao ACCU1. Vi so thc: co cac lenh thc hien cong (+R), tr (-R), nhan (*R), chia (/R). Lay ACCU2 +,-,*,/ vi ACCU1, ket qua lai vao ACCU1. Cac lenh toan hoc m rong tren so thc: Tat ca cac lenh sau eu thc hien phep toan vi oi so vao ACCU1 va ket qua cat ACCU1. ABS: lay tr tuyet oi. SQRT: tnh can bac hai (square root) x1/2 SQR: tnh bnh phng (square) x2 LN: tnh logarithm t nhien ln(x) EXP: tnh ham mu ex SIN: tnh sin(x) COS: tnh cos(x) TAN: tnh tg(x) ASIN: tnh arcsin(x) ACOS: tnh arccos(x) ATAN: tnh atctg(x)
4. Cac lenh ieu khien logic va ieu khien chng trnh.

a. Cac lenh ieu khien logic:
Ta co the s dung cac lenh jump (bat au bang J) va loop e ieu khien re nhanh trong mot khoi chng trnh. a ch cho lenh jump va loop la nhan nhay en trong chng trnh (label). Co cac lenh ieu khien logic sau: Lenh nhay khong ieu kien: JU, JL. Lenh nhay co ieu kien theo RLO: JC, JCN, JCB, JNB. Lenh nhay co ieu kien theo BR hoac OV/OS: JBI, JNBI, JO, JOS. Lenh nhay theo ma ieu kien CC0, CC1: JZ,JN, JP, JM, JMZ, JPZ, JUO. Lenh ieu khien lap vong: LOOP.

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Phan 1
Nhan nhay en trong khoi chng trnh e anh dau nen chuyen ieu khien logic ti (ni re nhanh en). No co chieu dai toi a la 4 ky t, va ky t au phai la ch, sau no phai co dau hai cham. Cac lenh nhay khong ieu kien: Lenh nhay khong ieu kien JU: lenh nay ngat luong ieu khien bnh thng va nhay en nhan c ch sau JU. Lenh nay c thc hien bat chap ieu kien nao. Lenh nhay theo danh sach JL: (giong lenh case hay switch trong cac ngon ng lap trnh khac). Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien da vao RLO: JC nhan: nhay en nhan neu RLO=1 con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. JCN nhan: nhay en nhan neu RLO=0 con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. JCB nhan: neu RLO=1 th gan tr RLO vao BR va nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. JNB nhan: neu RLO=0 th gan tr RLO vao BR va nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien da theo BR hay OV/ OS: Theo ieu kien cua BR: JBI nhan: neu BR=1 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. JNBI nhan: neu BR=0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. Chu y: cac lenh JBI va JNBI reset cac bit OR va FC trong STW ve 0 va set bit STA len 1. Theo ieu kien OV: JO nhan: neu OV=1 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. Theo ieu kien OS: JOS nhan: neu OV=1 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. Lenh nay reset bit OS ve 0.

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Phan 1
Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien da theo CC1 va CC0: Dang lenh: J<ieu-kien> nhan Vi cac ieu-kien la : Z (zero): neu ket qua la 0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. N (not zero): neu ket qua la khac 0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. P (positive): neu ket qua >0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. M (minus = negative): neu ket qua <0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. MZ (minus hay zero): neu ket qua la 0 hay <0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. PZ (positive hay zero): neu ket qua la 0 hay >0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. UO (unordered): neu 1 trong cac so cua phep toan dau cham ong khong phai la so cham ong hp le th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. Lenh ieu khien vong lap: Ta co the s dung lenh LOOP e thc hien mot oan chng trnh nhieu lan. Lenh LOOP giam word thap cua ACCU1 bt i 1 va kiem tra tr mi co c ACCU1. Neu ACCU1 luc nay khac khong th nhay en nhan ch ra ke LOOP, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke.
b. Cac lenh ieu khien chng trnh:
Ta co the s dung cac lenh sau e ieu khien chng trnh. Lenh goi CALL dung e goi FC, FB, SFC hay SFB ma bat chap RLO hay bat c ieu kien nao khac. Lenh goi co ieu kien (CC) va khong ieu kien (UC) dung e goi cac FC khong co tham so. Lenh goi khong ieu kien (UC) dung e goi SFC khong co tham so. R-le ieu khien chnh MCR (Master Control Relay). Cac lenh ket thuc khoi khong ieu kien (BEU) va ket thuc khoi co ieu kien (BEC). Gan tham so khi goi ham va khoi ham

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Phan 1
Tham so hnh thc (formal parameter): la tham so ma ten va kieu d lieu cua no c gan va khai bao khi tao khoi. Sau o khi viet chng trnh th STEP7 t ong liet ke tat ca cac tham so hnh thc. Khi o ta phai gan cac tham so that (actual parameter) cho cac tham so hnh thc. Tham so that la tham so la ham va khoi ham s dung trong luc chay chng trnh. Tham so that phai co cung kieu d lieu vi tham so hnh thc tng ng gan cho no. Goi ham va khoi ham bang CALL: Ta co the s dung lenh CALL e goi cac ham (FC) va khoi ham (FB), lenh nay goi FC hay FB do ta ch ra va c thc thi bat chap RLO hay bat ky ieu kien nao khac. Khi ta goi khoi ham FB th ta phai cung cap khoi d lieu instance cuc bo. Khoi d lieu instance cha tat ca cac bien tnh va cac tham so that cua khoi ham. Khi ta goi khoi ham th lenh CALL chep lai mot trong cac muc sau vao khoi d lieu instance cua khoi ham, phu thuoc vao kieu d lieu cua tham so that va vao khai bao cua tham so hnh thc (IN, OUT, IN-OUT): Gia tr cua tham so that. Pointer ch en a ch cua tham so that. Pointer ch en L stack cua khoi goi ma o gia tr cua tham so that a c em. Goi FB vi DB instance va cac tham so khoi: Viec goi co the xay ra mot khi cac chi tiet sau a c a vao luc Ten cua khoi ham. Ten cua khoi d lieu instance va Cac tham so. Lenh goi s dung a ch tuyet oi hoac a ch ky hieu. Goi tuyet oi: CALL FBx, Dby (cac tham so truyen); Goi bang ky hieu: CALL fbname, datablockname (pass parameters); Vi fbname= ten ky hieu cua khoi datablockname= ten ky hieu cua khoi d lieu Goi ham va khoi ham bang CC va UC: Dang lenh: CC addr (conditional call: goi khi RLO=1) UC addr (unconditional call: goi bat chap RLO) Chu y: khong c s dung DB instance vi CC va UC.
CALL:

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Phan 1
Addr co the la a ch trc tiep hay la a ch gian tiep bo nh (memory indirect address). Lam viec vi chc nang MCR: MCR dung e tao hay ngat luong nang lng (ng dan ien). Cac lenh sau b anh hng bi MCR la: lenh gan (=), lenh SET va RESET bit (S, R) va lenh chuyen d lieu T (dung byte, word, double word). S phu thuoc cua chung theo MCR c cho theo bang 1.12. Trang thai tn hieu = cua MCR 0 Ghi 0 S hay R T
Thc thi thng
Khong ghi (ngha Ghi 0 la toan hang khong oi) bnh Thc thi bnh Thc thi thng thng
bnh
Bang 1.12: cac lenh phu thuoc MCR. Cac lenh cai at MCR MCRA: kch hoat vung MRC (A= Activate) MCRD: bo kch hoat vung MCR (D= Deactivate) MCR( : cat RLO vao ngan xep MCR, bat au vung MCR )MCR : lay lai RLO, ket thuc vung MCR Chu y: khong bao gi s dung lenh MCR cho thiet b an toan hay cap
cu!
Anh hng cua MCRA va MCRD Trong vung MCR neu goi 1 ham th ham o khong b anh hng cua vung MCR, muon ham co vung MCR th ta phai tao them. Hnh 1.6 cho thay anh hng cua vung MCR. Cai at MCR Cac lenh sau bat hay tat chc nang MCR: Cat RLO trong ngan xep MCR, bat au MCR: MCR( Lay lai RLO< ket thuc MCR: )MCR Nh vay, ta phai luon luon co cap MCR( va )MCR; he thong cho phep long cac cap MCR( va )MCR va toi a la 8.

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Hnh 1.6: kch hoat va bo kch hoat vung MCR. Cac lenh ket thuc khoi BEU va BEC Lenh BE Y ngha Ket thuc khoi (block end). Khoi hien hanh c ket thuc bat chap RLO. Quet chng trnh c tiep tuc lenh ngay sau lenh goi khoi. BE luon luon la phat bieu cuoi cung trong khoi. Ket thuc khoi khong ieu kien (unconditional). Khoi hien hanh c ket thuc bat chap RLO. Quet chng trnh c tiep tuc lenh ngay sau lenh goi khoi.
BEU

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BEC
Phan 1
Ket thuc khoi co ieu kien conditional). Khi RLO=1 th khoi hien hanh c ket thuc va quet chng trnh c tiep tuc lenh ngay sau lenh goi khoi. Khi RLO=0 th khong thc hien ket thuc khoi va cho RLO=1 sau o thc hien lenh ke lenh nay. Bang 1.13: tom tat cac lenh ket thuc khoi.
5. Bo nh thi Timer.
a. Chc nang Timer:
Cac cong viec can ieu khien can nhieu chc nang Timer khac nhau. PLC SIMATIC S7 cho ngi s dung mot so timer vi cac chc nang khac nhau. Mot word 16 bits (timer word) trong vung d lieu he thong c gan cho mot trong cac timer. Timer tao nen mot chc nang phc tap vi cac ngo vao va ngo ra sau:
Ngo vao Start: timer c bat au vi s thay oi tn hieu t 0 len 1 (RLO) ngo vao Start cua no. Thi gian va hoat ong cua timer phai c lap trnh ngay sau hoat ong quet ieu kien bat au. Ngo vao Reset: tn hieu ngo vao Reset (RLO=1) lam dng timer. Thi gian hien hanh c at ve 0 va ngo ra Q cua timer b xoa ve 0. Cac ngo ra so: gia tr thi gian that s co the oc c t hai ngo ra so BI (so nh phan) va BCD (so thap phan). Ngo ra nh phan: trang thai tn hieu cua ngo ra nh phan Q cua timer phu thuoc vao chc nang timer c lap trnh.
Thi gian tre c khai bao vi timer bang mot gia tr 16 bits gom 2 thanh phan: o phan giai vi n v la ms. Mot so nguyen (BCD) trong khoang 0 en 999, goi la PV. Vay, thi gian tre =o phan giai* PV.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

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Gia tr PV di dang ma BCD o phan giai
Phan 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
10ms 100ms 1s 10s
Khong s dung
Mot so lenh danh cho timer FR R L L Tx Tx Tx Tx : lenh cho phep timer. : chu ong xoa timer. : lay gia tr timer dang nh phan. : lay gia tr timer dang BCD.
Vi x t 0 en 255.
Hnh 1.7: cac lenh cho phep s dung timer word nh a ch.
b. Cac v du bang gian o cho tng loai timer:

Timer SD (On delay timer): tre theo sn len khong nh.

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Hnh 1.8: gian o xung cho timer SD.
Timer SS ( Retentive on delay timer): tre theo sn len co nh.
Hnh1.9: gian o xung cho timer SS.
Timer SP (Pulse timer): timer tao xung khong co nh.

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Hnh 1.10: gian o xung cho timer SP.
Timer SE (Extended pulse timer): timer tao xung co nh.
Hnh 1.11: gian o xung cho timer SE.
Timer SF (Off delay): timer tre theo sn xuong.

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Hnh 1.12: gian o xung cho timer SF.
6. Bo em Counter.
a. Chc nang Counter:
Counter la bo em thc hien chc nang em sn xung cua cac tn hieu au vao. S7-300 co toi a 256 Counter, ky hieu Cx. Counter em tien theo sn len cua mot tn hieu vao th nhat, ky hieu la CU (count up) va em lui theo sn len cua mot tn hieu vao th hai, ky hieu la CD (count down). Cac lenh dung cho Counter. FR R L LC Cx Cx Cx Cx : lenh cho phep counter. : lenh xoa counter. : oc so em tc thi dang nh phan. : oc so em tc thi dang BCD.
Hnh 1.13: nap gia tr counter vao ACCU1 dung lenh L.

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Hnh 1.14: nap gia tr counter vao ACCU1 dung lenh LC. b. V du minh hoa:
Hnh 1.15: v du ve cac lenh Counter.

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Chng 3:
Thc Thi Chng Trnh
I. HOAT ONG CUA CPU.

1. Cac vung nh CPU.
CPU S7-300 co 3 vung nh c ban: Vung nh he thong. Vung nh nap . Vung nh lam viec. Bo nh lam viec cua CPU cung cung cap bo nh tam (bo nh d lieu cuc bo hoac L stack) ma c cap phat cho chng trnh khi mot khoi con c goi. Khi khoi o con tch cc, th bo nh cuc bo con c duy tr, ta co the ghi d lieu vao L stack (thay v vao DB hay bo nh bit). D lieu nay ch hp le khi khoi o ang tch cc; khi mot khoi mi c goi th L stack c cap phat lai.
Hnh 1.16: cac vung nh trong cac CPU cua PLC S7-300. Ngoai ra, CPU con s dung cac thanh phan sau e x ly chng trnh: Hai thanh ghi tch luy 32 bits (ACCU1 va ACCU2) dung e lam cac toan hang trong cac lenh nap, chuyen, so hoc va dch.

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Phan 1
Hai thanh ghi a ch 32 bits (AR1 va AR2) c dung lam pointer e nh a ch gian tiep thanh ghi. Hai thanh ghi khoi d lieu 32 bits (DB va DI) cha a ch cua DB ang c m (tch cc). Moi lan ta co the m 2 DB: mot lam khoi d lieu DB va mot lam khoi d lieu DI. T trang thai 16 bits (STW) cha trang thai cua cac lenh khi thc thi trong chng trnh nh RLO,OV (overflow), OS (overflow stored), CC1 va CC0 (CC=condition code) va BR (binary result).
2. Cat chng trnh vao CPU.

Cac phan t cua chng trnh:
Chng trnh gom cac phan t sau: Cac khoi logic: cha cac lenh, ky hieu va chu thch. Cac khoi d lieu: cha d lieu, ky hieu va chu thch. STEP7 lu tr cac phan t nay trong cac oi tng khac nhau trong cau truc file tren a cng cua thiet b lap trnh. Tai xuong (download) cac thanh phan chng trnh: Khi ta download chng trnh, ch co cac lenh, d lieu va thong tin can e quan ly va e bien dch lai c chep vao vung nh nap trong CPU (xem hnh 1.16). CPU chep chng trnh (lenh va d lieu) t bo nh nap vao bo nh lam viec. Viec nay c thc hien khi ta tai chng trnh xuong CPU va (trong trng hp ma chng trnh cua ta c cat vao EEPROM cua bo nh nap) sau khi reset bo nh (MRES). Cac phan t cua chng trnh ma khong can e chay chng trnh van gi trong bo nh nap; cac DB c tao bi chng trnh (bang cach dung SFC) c cat vao ch bo nh lam viec. T bo nh lam viec, chng trnh cua ta truy cap cac vung nh khac.
3. nh ngha cac vung nh gi (retentive).

Khi mat nguon ien hoac reset bo nh (MRES), bo nh CPU (bo nh nap, bo nh lam viec va bo nh he thong ong), tat ca d lieu cat trong vung nay b mat. Cac CPU S7 cho phep s dung cac cach sau e gi chng trnh va d lieu cua no:

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Ta co the gi chng trnh bang cach dung EEPROM (dung the bo nh hoac co san trong CPU [tuy CPU]). Ta co the gi d lieu cu the trong vung RAM khong boc hi (nonvolatile). Ta co the gi tat ca cac d lieu c cat trong bo nh nap, bo nh lam viec va cac phan cua bo nh he thong bang cach s dung pin backup.
Hnh 1.17: nap chng trnh vao bo nh CPU.
a. S dung RAM khong boc hi:

CPU S7 cung cap vung RAM khong boc hi (xem hnh 1.18).

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Phan 1
Hnh 1.18: vung nh khong boc hi. Neu ta a cat chng trnh trong EEPROM cho bo nh nap, ta cung co the gi mot so d lieu (khi mat nguon hoac khi CPU t STOP sang RUN) bang cach at cau hnh lng d lieu sau se c cat trong vung RAM khong boc hi:
Thong tin c cat vao DB (ch hu dung neu ta cung a cat chng trnh vao EEPROM cua bo nh nap). Cac gia tr cua timer va counter. Thong tin c cat bo nh bit.
b. at cau hnh d lieu cat trong RAM:

Ta ch ra cac vung nh gi retentive khi ta at cau hnh CPU va I/O (dung ng dung S7 Configuration trong phan mem STEP7). Bang sau cho thay lng bo nh ma co the c at cau hnh trong vung RAM khong boc hi. Ta khong the gi nhieu hn lng d lieu cho CPU cu the. Vung nh Bo nh bit Timer Counter So DB So lng 0 en 256 0 en 128 0 en 64 0 en 127 Mac nhien 16 0 8 1 Mo ta So byte cua nh bit c gi So timer c gi So counter c gi Ta xac nh so lng vung DB (ma co the mot phan cua DB) c gi va cung cap 3 word sau (byte) cho moi DB c gi: Word 1: DB so may (1 en 127). Word 2: a ch offset cua DB (0 en 8191). Word 3: chieu dai vung trong DB cu the c gi (0 en 65535 bytes).
Bang 1.14: cac vung nh gi (vi CPU 314).
c. S dung pin backup e gi d lieu:

Vi pin backup, bo nh nap va bo nh lam viec c gi khi b mat nguon . No cat cac chng trnh cua ta (cac OB, FB, FC va DB). Neu ta at cau hnh bat c timer nao, counter nao hoac bo nh bit trong RAM khong boc hi th thong tin nay cung c gi.

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4. Hoat ong cua CPU.

a. Chu ky quet (scan cycle):
Hnh 1.19 cho thay cac giai oan cua chu ky quet CPU S7: CPU quet trang thai cua cac module nhap va cap nhat vung nh em PII. Thc thi chng trnh va thc hien cac tac vu ma chng trnh yeu cau. Ghi cac gia tr t vung em PIQ ra cac module xuat. Sau khi ghi ra cac ngo xuat th CPU tiep tuc lap lai t au va oc cac trang thai cua cac module nhap.
Hnh 1.19: chu ky quet CPU.
b. Cac che o hoat ong (con goi la che o lam viec):

Cac che o hoat ong mo ta thao tac cua CPU S7 bat c thi iem nao. Khi biet che o hoat ong th hu ch cho viec lap trnh khi ong, g roi (debugging) chng trnh ieu khien va e sa cha. Co 4 che o hoat on g trong PLC S7-300: STOP, START UP, RUN, va HOLD. (RUN va STOP lien quan vi cong tac tren CPU).

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che o STOP, CPU nap cau hnh, at I/O vat ly vao trang thai ban au c nh ngha trc, va khong thc thi chng trnh ngi s dung. che o START UP, CPU thc hien cac tac vu sau: Thc thi khi ong lai ay u (s dung OB100) (Complete restart): - Xoa i cac phan khong gi cua bo nh bit, bo nh timer, va bo nh counter; xoa cac ngan xep ngat va ngan xep khoi; bo tat ca cac bao ong qua trnh lu tr va bao ong chan oan; va (oi vi khi ong lai ay u) xay dng cac danh sach a ch va cac bang anh I/O. - Nap cac tham so module vao cac module. oc cau hnh I/O va so sanh trang thai that cua I/O vat ly vi cac trang thai mong muon. che o RUN, CPU thc thi chng trnh ngi s dung , cap nhat I/O, x ly bat c bao ong nao, va thc hien bat c tac vu x ly loi nao. che o HOLD, thc thi chng trnh b dng va ta co the kiem tra chng trnh ngi s dung tng bc. Ch co the co che o HOLD khi ta ang kiem tra bang thiet b lap trnh. Trong tat ca cac che o nay, CPU co the truyen thong bang giao tiep MPI
Hnh 1.20: thay oi che o hoat ong cua CPU.
c. Cac che o hoat ong khac:

Neu CPU khong san sang hoat ong th no mot trong cac che o sau:

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Phan 1
OFF, nguon ien b mat hay b tat. H hong, ngha la co loi. e kiem tra xem thc s co phai b h hay khong th chuyen CPU sang STOP va tat nguon ien va roi m lai lan na. Neu CPU khi ong th oc cac vung nh dung cho chan oan, neu khong khi ong c th co le phai thay the PLC khac. Tham khao 1 2 3 Mo ta Khi nguon ien c a vao CPU, CPU che o STOP. Khi cong tac (hoac thiet b lap trnh) chon RUN hay RUN-P, CPU vao che o START UP. Chuyen ve che o STOP khi : Phat hien co loi trong khi khi ong. CPU b oi sang STOP bang cong tac (hoac thiet b lap trnh). Lenh STOP c thc thi trong OB khi ong. Lenh truyen thong STOP c thc thi. CPU chuyen sang che o HOLD khi en iem ngat trong chng trnh khi ong. CPU chuyen sang che o START UP khi iem ngat trong chng trnh khi ong a c at va lenh EXIT HOLD a c thc thi. CPU tr ve che o STOP khi: CPU b oi sang STOP bang cong tac (hoac thiet b lap trnh). Lenh truyen thong (t xa) STOP c thc thi . Neu khi ong thanh cong th CPU chuyen sang RUN. CPU chuyen sang lai che o STOP khi: Phat hien bat c loi nao trong che o RUN va OB tng ng khong c nap. CPU b oi sang STOP bang cong tac (hoac thiet b lap trnh). Lenh STOP c thc thi trong OB khi ong. Lenh truyen thong STOP c thc thi. CPU chuyen sang che o HOLD khi en iem ngat trong chng trnh khi ong. CPU chuyen sang che o RUN khi iem ngat a c at va lenh EXIT HOLD a c thc thi.
4 5
7 8
9 10

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Bang 1.15: thay oi cac che o hoat ong (mo ta cac iem trong hnh 1.20).
II. CAC KHOI LOGIC.

STEP7 cho cac khoi khac nhau e cha chng trnh va d lieu ma chng trnh s dung. Da vao yeu cau cua mnh ma ta co the cau truc chng trnh bang cac khoi logic (cac khoi to chc, khoi ham va ham).
1. Cac khoi to chc OB.

Cac khoi to chc OB la giao tiep gia CPU S7 va chng trnh. Ta co the cat toan bo chng trnh vao OB1, ma lap lai lien tuc, hoac ta co the cat chng trnh trong cac khoi logic khac va s dung OB1 e goi cac khoi nay luc thch hp. Ngoai OB1, he ieu hanh co the goi cac OB khac e ap ng cac s kien cu the. Moi CPU S7 cha mot bo cac OB (moi CPU khac nhau) ma ta co the lap trnh. Cac OB khac nhau thc hien cac chc nang nhat nh: OB1: lap vong chng trnh chnh (lap vong lien tuc). OB10 (Time of Day Interrupt): ngat thi gian trong ngay, bat au chay thi iem (c lap trnh nhat nh) ac biet. OB20 (Time Delay Interrupt): ngat tr hoan, chng trnh trong khoi nay c thc hien sau mot khoang thi gian delay co nh. OB35 (Cyclic Interrupt): ngat tuan hoan, lap lai sau khoang thi gian cach eu nhau c nh trc (1ms en 1 phut). OB40 (Hardware Interrupt): ngat cng, chay khi phat hien co loi trong module ngoai vi. OB80 (Cycle Time Fault): loi thi gian chu trnh, thc hien khi thi gian vong quet vt qua thi gian cc ai a nh . OB81 (Power Supply Fault): thc hien khi CPU phat hien thay co loi nguon nuoi. OB82 (Diagnostic Interrupt): chng trnh trong khoi nay c goi khi CPU phat hien co s co t module I/O m rong. OB85 (Not Load Fault): c goi khi CPU thay chng trnh ng dung co s dung che o ngat nhng chng trnh x ly tn hieu ngat lai khong co trong khoi OB tng ng. OB87 (Communication Fault): thc hien khi co loi truyen thong. OB100 (Start Up Information): thc hien mot lan khi CPU chuyen trang thai t STOP sang RUN.

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OB101 (Cold Start Up Information_ch co CPU S7-400): thc hien mot lan khi cong tac nguon cua CPU chuyen trang thai t OFF sang ON. OB121 ( Synchronous Error): c goi khi co loi logic trong chng trnh. OB122 (Synchronous Error): c goi khi co loi module trong chng trnh. He ieu hanh ghi thong tin cu the vao 20 bytes au cua cac bien tam (temp) vi moi OB. STEP7 cung cap cac bien tam nay trong bang khai bao bien cho OB. Chng trnh co the oc thong tin nay e ap ng cac s kien khac nhau trong CPU. Ta co the oi ten cac bien tam nay neu ta muon, nhung khong nen ghi bat c d lieu nao vao cac bien tam nay: STEP7 ghi vao cac bien nay moi lan OB bat au chay, va bat c d lieu nao ma ta cat o se b mat. Ta co the them cac bien khac cho OB sau 20 bytes au nay.
Bang 1.16: local block cua khoi OB10.

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Phan 1

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2. Cac ham va cac khoi ham.

Ta co the e toan bo chng trnh trong OB1. Nhng e co the viet chng trnh c dai hn va co cau truc, ta s dung cac khoi logic. STEP7 cho them 2 loai khoi logic: Khoi ham FB (function block): la khoi logic ma co vung nh ket hp vi no. FB can co them bo nh dang khoi d lieu tnh huong instance. Cac tham so ma a vao FB va mot so d lieu cuc bo (cac bien tnh) c cat trong DB tnh huong; d lieu cuc bo khac (cac bien tam) c cat trong L stack. D lieu cat trong DB tnh huong c gi nguyen khi FB hoan tat thc thi; d lieu trong L stack khong c gi lai khi FB hoan tat. Ham (FC): la khoi logic ma khong co vung nh ket hp: FC khong can DB tnh huong. Cac bien cuc bo cua FC c cat trong L stack; nhng d lieu nay khong c gi lai khi FC hoan tat thc thi.
3. Cac khoi he thong.

CPU S7 cho cac khoi c nh ngha : Khoi ham he thong SFB (System function block): la khoi ham c tch hp trong CPU S7. Ta co the goi SFB t chng trnh; v nhng SFB la mot phan cua he ieu hanh, ta khong can phai nap chung vao nh mot phan cua chng trnh. Tng t vi FB, SFB can DB tnh huong. Ta phai tai DB nay xuong CPU nh mot phan cua chng trnh. Ham he thong SFC (System function): ham c lap trnh trc ma tch hp san trong CPU S7. Ta co the goi SFC t chng trnh; v nhng SFC la mot phan cua he ieu hanh, ta khong can phai nap chung vao nh mot phan cua chng trnh. Khoi d lieu he thong SDB (system data block): vung nh cua chng trnh c tao bi cac ng dung STEP7 khac nhau e cha d lieu can e ieu hanh PLC. Th du: ng dung S7 Configuration cat d lieu cau hnh va cac tham so lam viec khac trong cac SDB, va ng dung Communication Configuration tao cac SDB ma cat d lieu thong tin toan cuc c chia xe gia cac CPU khac nhau.

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4. Cac khoi cua cac CPU cua PLC S7-300.

Khoi 312 IFM So lng 314 IFM 313 314 315 3152 DP 14 Kch thc toi a 312 IFM 313,314 314 IFM 315 315-2 DP B gii 8 KB han bi 8 KB RAM 8KB 8 KB Ghi chu
OB FB FC DB SFC SFB
3 32 (0-31) 32 (0-31) 63 (1-63) 25 2
13 13 128 (0-127) 128 (0-127) 127 (1-127) 36 7 36 (37 vi 315) -
0 danh rieng
40 -
Bang 1.26: cac khoi cua cac CPU.
5. Thc thi chng trnh trong OB1.

He ieu hanh cua CPU S7 lien tuc lap lai thc thi OB1; khi OB1 hoan tat thc thi cua no, he ieu hanh cho OB1 chay lai. He ieu hanh cung goi OB1 khi OB100 (thong tin Start up) hoan tat. Ta cung co the s dung OB1 e goi cac khoi ham FB khac hoac cac ham FC, hoac ta co the cha tat ca chng trnh trong OB1; tuy nhien e thc thi chng trnh cua ta th phai tai xuong CPU.
a. Hoat ong cua OB1:

OB1 lap lai lien tuc, khi no hoan tat thc thi, no lai bat au thc hien lai. OB1 co o u tien thap nhat trong cac OB; tat ca cac OB khac co the ngat viec x ly OB1. Cac s kien sau co the lam cho he ieu hanh goi OB1: Ghi nhan thc thi OB1 (thong tin start up) a hoan tat. Ghi nhan thc thi OB1 (chu ky trc ) a hoan tat. Klhi OB1 hoan tat thc thi, he ieu hanh ghi thanh ghi PIQ ra cac module xuat ngoai vi va gi bat c d lieu toan cuc nao. Trc khi cho bat au lai OB1; he ieu hanh cap nhat bang PII va nhan bat c d lieu toan cuc nao cho CPU.

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Phan 1
STEP7 cho thi gian chu ky toi a mac nhien la 150ms cho OB1. Ta co the sa oi gia tr nay, hoac ta co the s dung ham he thong (SFC) e khi ong lai timer canh gi (cho phep chng trnh hoan tat thc thi cua no). Neu chng trnh cua ta vt qua thi gian chu ky toi a cho OB1 th he ieu hanh goi OB80 (loi do thi gian chu ky); neu ta khong lap trnh OB80 th CPU i vao che o STOP.
b. D lieu cuc bo cho OB1:

Ta co bang 1.27 cho thay cac bien tam c khai bao trong bang khai bao d lieu cua OB1. Chung la 20 bytes au d lieu ma c cat trong L stack co lp u tien 1. Ta co the sa oi cac thong so nay bang cong cu S7 Confuguration cua STEP7. Th du bien OB1_MAX_CYCLE (thi gian chu ky toi a) tnh theo ms co tr mac nhien la 150ms va tam gia tr at c t 1ms ti 60 000ms (6s).
Bang 1.27: cac bien cuc bo cua OB1.
c. Thong tin Start up:

STEP7 cho OB100 e a vao ac tnh start-up cho CPU. He ieu hanh goi OB100 moi khi CPU i t STOP sang RUN. Ta co the cat chng trnh trong OB100 e cho cau hnh theo y muon hoac cac tham so lam viec khi start up. Bang 1.28 mo ta cac bien tam c khai bao trong bang khai bao bien cua OB. Ta co the dung cong cu S7 Configuration e at cau hnh ac tnh cua CPU.

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Phan 1
Ngi ta thng s dung OB100 e thiet lap cac tham so ban au cho chng trnh nh: tao cac trang thai ban au, cac d lieu khi ong, cho phep timer,...v.v. Ten hnh thc Kieu Gia tr va y ngha OB100_EV_CLASS Byte B#16#13 OB100_STRTUP Byte Che o goi OB100: B#16#81 = c goi khi chuyen t STOP sang RUN. B#16#82 = c goi t ong khi chuyen t STOP sang RUN hoac khi chuyen t OFF sang ON va CPU van ang trang thai RUN. OB100_PRIORITY Byte 27 (th t u tien) OB100_OB_NUMBR Byte 100 :la ch so cua khoi OB100. OB100_RESERVED_1 Byte D tr OB100_RESERVED_2 Byte D tr OB100_STOP Byte Ma hieu nga71t lam cho CPU chuyen ve trang thai STOP. OB100_STRT_INFO Dword Thong tin ve viec thc hien che o khi ong. OB100_DATE_TIME Date_And_ Thi iem OB100 bat au c thc Time hien. Bang 1.28: cac bien tam trong OB100.
d. Lp u tien va chng trnh ngat:

Cac lp u tien (pripority classes) CPU S7 cho cac lp u tien cho moi OB lien he. Cac OB nay cho phep ta tao ra cac chng trnh (hoan tat vi cac lenh goi FB va FC) ma thc thi nh ng thi iem cu the hoac ap ng vi nhng s kien ac biet nh phat hien loi. Da vao lp u tien cua OB, cac chng trnh nay co the ngat x ly cac khoi trong chng trnh. Lp u tien vi o u tien cao nhat chay au tien; neu co nhieu hn mot OB c goi bi he ieu hanh th trc het OB vi lp u tien cao nhat c thc thi, con cac OB khac theo sau theo th t u tien.
Loai OB OB1
Mo ta Lp u tien Bat au chay khi ket thuc chu ky 1 (thap nhat)

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Chng trnh chnh OB10 en OB17 Ngat TOD OB20 en OB23 Ngat tre OB30 en OB38 Ngat tuan hoan OB40 en OB47 Ngat cng OB80 en OB87 Cac loi khong ong bo OB100 OB start up OB121, OB122 Cac loi ong bo trc Bat au chay ngay thang va thi gian a c lap trnh S dung cung vi SFC32 (bat au ngat tre) chay sau thi gian tr hoan at trc (theo ms) Chay theo chu ly lap trnh trc (t 1ms en 1 phut) Bat au chay khi phat hien bao ong qua trnh t module ngoai vi Bat au chay khi phat hien loi chan oan module hoac co loi time-out Bat au chay khi CPU chuyen t STOP sang RUN Bat au chay khi phat hien loi lap trnh (OB121) hoac loi truy cap (OB122)
Phan 1
2 Tng ng 3 en 6
Tng ng 7 en 15 Tng ng 16 en 23 u tien cao nhat 26 (hoac 28 trong khi start up) 27 Cung u tien vi OB b ngat
Bang 1.29: cac OB va lp u tien cua no. Ngat (interrupt) thc thi chng trnh Bi v OB1 can cho tat ca cac chng trnh, OB1 nam trong lp u tien thap nhat. ieu nay lam cho bat ky OB nao khac c phep ngat viec x ly chng trnh chnh. Khi tat ca cac ngat a c x ly xong, OB1 tiep tuc thc thi iem b ngat. Khi CPU phat hien s kien bat au vi OB co lp u tien cao hn OB ang c thc thi th viec ngat xay ra cuoi lenh ang c x ly. He ieu hanh cat toan bo ngan xep thanh ghi cho khoi ngat. Thong tin nay c lay tr lai khi he ieu hanh thc thi tiep khoi b ngat. OB ngat thc thi khoi co lp u tien khac co the goi cac ham (FC) va cac khoi ham (FB) khi can. So lan goi long nhau phu thuoc vao CU. Th du CPU co the long en 8 lenh goi moi lan. Cat d lieu cho chng trnh b ngat Khi he ieu hanh phat hien mot s kien bat au cho chay oi vi OB co u tien cao hn lp u tien ang c thc thi th no cat thong tin hien hanh trong cac thanh ghi tch luy va cac thanh ghi vao ngan xep ngat (I stack).

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Phan 1
Neu OB mi goi FB hay FC, d lieu x ly cho moi khoi c cat vao trong ngan xep khoi (B stack). Co the co en 8 cho/ lp u tien trong B stack. Khi OB mi a hoan tat thc thi th he ieu hanh nap lai thong tin t I stack va cho thc thi tiep tuc khoi b ngat t cho ngat a xay ra. Khi CPU chuyen sang che o STOP, ta co the s dung cong cu S7 Information e xem B stack va I stack. ieu nay giup cho ta xac nh c van e lam cho CPU oi che o hoat ong.

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Phan 2
PHAN 2
LAP TRNH WINCC

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Phan 2
Chng 1:
Control Center
V tr cua Control Center trong he thong WinCC : Control Center ac trng cho lp cao nhat trong he thong Win CC. Tat ca cac moduls cua toan bo he thong WinCC eu c bat au t ay. Noi dung cua Control Center gom co: Chc nang Cau truc Cac editor chuan WinCC la giao dien gia ngi va may moc trong thiet ke t ong : WinCC la he thong trung tam ve cong nghe va ky thuat c dung e ieu hanh cac nhiem vu cua man hnh hien th va he thong ieu khien trong t ong hoa san xuat va qua trnh. He thong nay cung cap cac modul chc nang thch ng trong cong nghiep ve: hien th hnh anh, thong iep, lu tr va bao cao. Giao dien ieu khien manh, viec truy cap hnh anh nhanh chong, va chc nang lu tr an toan cua no am bao tnh hu dung cao. Ngoai cac chc nang he thong, WinCC con m ra cac giao dien cho cac giai phap cua ngi s dung, nhng giao dien nay khien chung co the tch hp WinCC vao cac giai phap t ong hoa phc tap va toan cong ty. Viec x ly d lieu lu tr c tch hp bang cac giao dien chuan ODBC va SQL. Viec them vao cac oi tng va cac tai lieu cung c tch hp bang OLE2.0 va OLE Custom Controls (OCX). Cac c che nay lam cho WinCC tr thanh mot bo phan am hieu va de truyen tai trong moi trng Windows. WinCC da vao he ieu hanh 32 bit MS-Windows 95 hay MS-Windows NT. Ca hai eu co kha nang ve thc hien a nhiem vu, am bao phan ng nhanh chong vi viec x ly ngat va o an toan chong lai s mat d lieu ben trong mc o cao. Windows NT con cung cap cac chc nang e tao ra s an toan va phuc vu nh mot nen tang cho hoat ong cua cac servers trong he thong WinCC nhieu ngi s dung. Chnh phan mem WinCC cung la ng dung 32 bit c phat trien vi cong nghe phan mem hng oi tng va hien ai nhat.

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Phan 2
I. NOI DUNG CUA CONTROL CENTER.

1. Chc nang.
Control Center cha tat ca cac chc nang quan ly cho toan he thong WinCC. Trong Control Center, ta co the at cau hnh va khi ong module runtime.
a. Nhiem vu cua quan ly d lieu:

Quan ly d lieu cung cap anh qua trnh vi cac gia tr cua tag. Tat ca cac hoat ong cua quan ly d lieu eu chay tren mot background (nen).
b. Nhiem vu cua Control Center

Cac nhiem vu chnh cua Control Center: Lap cau hnh hoan chnh. Hng dan gii thieu viec lap cau hnh. Thch ng viec an nh, goi, va lu tr cac projects. Quan ly cac projects. Co kha nang noi mang cac chc nang soan thao cho nhieu ngi s dung trong mot project. Quan ly phien ban. Dien ta bang o th cua d lieu cau hnh. ieu khien va at cau hnh cho cac hnh ve/ cau truc he thong. Thiet lap viec cai at toan cuc. at cau hnh cho cac chc nang nh v ac biet. Tao va soan thao cac tham khao an cheo. Phan hoi tai lieu. Bao cao trang thai he thong. Thiet lap he thong ch. Chuyen gia run-timer va cau hnh. Kiem tra che o/ mo phong/ tr giup thao tac e at cau hnh d lieu, bao gom dch hnh ve, mo phong tag, hien th trang thai, va tao thong iep.

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Luan Van Tot Nghiep 2. Cau truc.

Control Center co cac cau truc nh sau:
Phan 2
Control Center Tm hieu WinCC trong Control Center. Giao dien o hoa cho cau hnh di moi trng Windows 95 va Windows NT. Quan ly d lieu. Cung cap anh qua trnh vi cac gia tr cua tag. Truyen d lieu ma quan ly d lieu a nhan t cac he thong t ong. Cac module chc nang He thong o hoa (Graphic Designer) Hien th va ket noi qua trnh bang o th. Viet chng trnh cho cac thao tac (Global Scrips) Tao mot d an ong cho cac yeu cau ac biet. He thong thong bao (Alarm Logging) Xuat cac thong bao va hoi ap. Lu tr va soan thao cac gia tr o lng (Tag Logging) Soan thao cac gia tr o lng va lu gi chung trong thi gian dai. Soan thao d lieu hng ngi s dung va lu gi chung trong thi gian dai. He thong bao cao (Report Designer) Bao cao trang thai he thong.
Phan hoi tai lieu:
oi vi Control Center, viec in ra mot he thong nh san co trong Report Designer e phan hoi tai lieu. Tat ca cac may tnh , tags, va cac ke t noi a c nh hnh eu c in ra bang print job hay hien th tren man hnh.
Cac kieu d lieu d an c xuat ra bang cach phan hoi tai lieu:
May tnh: ten va kieu may tnh (Server hay Client). Tag management: ten tag, kieu d lieu, ket noi , kenh. Ket noi: ket noi, n v va tham so.

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Phan 2
3. Soan thao.
Editor dung e soan thao va ieu khien mot project hoan chnh. Cac bo soan thao trong Control Center:
Chng trnh soan thao

Alarm Logging (Bao ong) User Administrator (Quan ly ngi dung) Text Library (Th vien van ban) Report Designer (Bao cao)
Giai thch
Nhan cac thong bao t cac qua trnh e chuan b, hien th, hoi ap, va lu tr cac thong bao nay. Viec ieu khien truy nhap s cho phep cho cac nhom va ngi s dung. Cha cac van ban tuy thuoc ngon ng do ta tao ra. Cung cap he thong bao cao c tch hp ma ta co the s dung e bao cao d lieu, cac gia tr qua trnh hien hanh va a lu tr, cac thong bao hien hanh va a lu tr, he thong tai lieu cua chnh ngi s dung. Cho phep ta tao cac d an ong tuy thuoc vao tng yeu cau ac biet. Bo soan thao nay cho phep ta tao cac ham C va cac thao tac co the c s dung trong mot hay nhieu projects tuy theo kieu cua chung. X ly cac gia tr o lng va lu tr chung trong thi gian dai. Cung cap cac man hnh hien th va ket noi en cac qua trnh.
Global Scripts (Viet chng trnh)
Tag Logging Graphics Designer (Thiet ke o hoa)
4. Cac thanh phan cua project trong Control Center.

Mot project gom cac thanh phan sau: May tnh. Quan ly tag. Kieu d lieu. Soan thao.

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Luan Van Tot Nghiep a. May tnh.
Phan 2
Thanh phan Computer dung e quan ly tat ca cac may tnh co the truy nhap mot project hien thi. Ta co the at cau hnh cho moi may tnh rieng biet. Cac thuoc tnh cua mot may tnh: Ten may tnh. Kieu may tnh: Server : May tnh trung tam e lu tr d lieu va quan ly toan cuc trong he thong WinCC. Client : Cung c nh ngha nh mot workstation. Control Center c tai cuc bo trong tng may tnh loai nay.
Hnh 2.1: giao tiep gia cac may Server va Client.
b. Quan ly tag.
Thanh phan nay co nhieu muc con nh : cac bo ieu khien truyen thong e quan ly cac tag qua trnh, cac tag noi, cac ket noi logic va cac nhom tag.

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Phan 2
Cac bo ieu khien truyen thong: Bo ieu khien truyen thong la giao dien gia mot he thong PLC va WinCC. He thong WinCC cha cac bo ieu khien truyen thong trong Kenh DLL va Bo ieu khien truyen thong. Chung cho ta cac thong tin ve: ieu kien tien quyet can e x ly cac tag qua trnh bang PLC. Cac thu tuc chung e ket noi vi tag ngoai. Gii thieu cau hnh ac biet cua kenh DLL.
Cac kieu ieu khien truyen thong nh: Modbus Protocol Suite.chn, Mitsubishi FX.CHN, Profibus DP.CHN, Modbus serial.CHN, SIMATIC S7 Protocol Suite.CHN, SIMATIC S5 ETHERNET TF.CHN Khoi kenh: Mot kenh WinCC c thc hien nh mot Windows DLL va c lien ket ong vi he thong. Moi kenh WinCC thc hien viec truy nhap cac kieu tham so ket noi ac biet vi cac nghi thc ac biet (chang han, kenh SIMATIC S5 Ethernet TF ho tr viec truy nhap SIMATIC S5 vi TF Protocol). Mot kenh DLL co the ho tr nhieu khoi kenh cua cung mot kieu. V du, kenh DLL cua SIMATIC S5 Ethernet TF co the c ieu khien vi khoi SINEC-H1 (CP1413) cung nh vi khoi SINEC -L2 (CP5412) tai cung mot luc. Quan ly d lieu cua WinCC oi hoi cac gia tr qua trnh luc run time t PLC xa thong qua ket noi logic. Khoi kenh se thc hien cac bc truyen thong can thiet e ap ng yeu cau ve cac gia tr qua trnh bang ket noi kenh ac biet, va do o cung cap cac gia tr quy trnh nay cho quan ly d lieu WinCC. D lieu oc vao c lu tr nh anh qua trnh trong RAM cua may tnh. Tat ca cac thanh phan cua WinCC

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Phan 2
eu truy nhap anh qua trnh nay. Cac ket noi logic, cac nhom tag, va cac tags cung co the c an nh vao mot khoi kenh.
Hnh 2.2: mang giao tiep gia may tnh va PLC. Ket noi: Mot ket noi logic mo ta giao dien gia he thong t ong va quan ly d lieu WinCC. Quan ly d lieu cua may server am trach viec cung cap cac tags vi cac gia tr qua trnh khi run time. Quan ly d lieu cung cap cac gia tr qua trnh en cac tags noi bo cua no cung nh cac tags cua may client tng ng. Quan ly d lieu chuyen cac tags c truy cap en ket noi logic cua chung va do vay en c kenh thch hp. Cac kenh se thc hien cac bc truyen thong can thiet bang tuyen qua trnh theo cach toi u nhat. Bang cach nay, viec giam thieu chuyen d lieu la can thiet tren tuyen qua trnh e gan gia tr cho cac tags.
Logical Connection
Danh sach cac tags c truy cap
Channel

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Phan 2
Tag: Tags WinCC la phan t trung tam e truy nhap cac gia tr qua trnh. Trong mot project, chung nhan mot ten va mot kieu d lieu duy nhat. Ket noi logic se c gan vi tag WinCC. Ket noi nay xac nh rang kenh nao se chuyen giao gia tr qua trnh cho cac tags. Cac tags c lu tr trong c s d lieu toan d an. Khi mot che o cua WinCC khi ong, tat ca cac tags trong mot project c nap va cac cau truc run time tng ng c thiet lap. Moi tag c lu tr trong quan ly d lieu theo mot kieu d lieu chuan. Tag noi: Cac tags noi khong co a ch trong he thong PLC, do o quan ly d lieu ben trong WinCC se cung cap cho toan bo network. Cac tags noi c dung e lu tr thong tin tong quat nh : ngay, gi hien hanh; lp hien hanh; cap nhat lien tuc. Hn na, cac tags noi con cho phep trao oi d lieu gia cac ng dung e thc hien viec truyen thong cho cung qua trnh theo cach tap trung va toi u. Tag ngoai: Trong he thong WinCC, tag ngoai cung c hieu la tag qua trnh. Cac tags ngoai c lien ket vi truyen thong logic. e phan anh thong tin ve a ch cua cac he thong PLC khac nhau, cac tags ngoai cha mot muc tong quat gom cac thong tin ve ten, kieu, cac gia tr gii han va mot muc chuyen biet ve ket noi ma cach dien ta phu thuoc ket noi logic. Quan ly d lieu luon cung cap nhng muc ac biet cua tag ngoai cho cac ng dung trong mot mau van ban. Nhom tag: Nhom tag cha tat ca cac tags co ket noi logic lan nhau. V du ve cac nhom tag: CPU: nhom nay cha tat ca cac tags truy nhap cung mot CPU. Lo nhiet: nhom nay cha tat ca cac tags truy nhap cho mot lo. I/O so: nhom nay cha tat ca cac tags truy nhap cac I/Os so. I/O tng t: : nhom nay cha tat ca cac tags truy nhap cac I/Os tng t.
Mot ket noi logic dien ta giao dien gia he thong t ong va quan ly d lieu. Moi nhom tag c gan vi mot khoi kenh. Mot kenh co the cha nhieu nhom tag.

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Luan Van Tot Nghiep c. Cac kieu d lieu:
Phan 2
Ta phai gan mot trong cac kieu d lieu sau cho moi tag c nh cau hnh. Viec gan kieu d lieu cho tag c thc hien trong khi tao mot tag mi. Kieu d lieu cua mot tag th oc lap vi kieu tag (tag noi hay tag qua trnh). Trong WinCC, mot kieu d lieu nao o cung eu co the c chuyen oi thanh kieu khac bang cach ieu chnh lai dang. Cac kieu d lieu co trong WinCC:
Data Types
Format Adaptable
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Binary Tag Signed 8-Bit Value Unsigned 8-Bit Value Signed 16-Bit Value Unsigned 16-Bit Value Signed 32-Bit Value Unsigned 32-Bit Value Floating-Point Number 32-Bit IEEE 754 Floating-Point Number 64-Bit IEEE 754 Text Tag 8-Bit Character Set Text Tag 16-Bit Character Set Raw Data Type Text Reference Structure Types
Gii thieu vai kieu d lieu thng dung: Kieu d lieu 8-bit khong dau: kieu nay co o dai 1 byte va khong co dau.
Adapt Format
ByteToUnsignedByte ByteToUnsignedWord ByteToUnsignedDword
Number Range
0 to 255 (no conversion) 0 to 255 0 to 255

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ByteToSignedByte ByteToSignedWord ByteToSignedDword ByteToBCDByte ByteToBCDWord ByteToBCDDword ByteToAikenByte ByteToAikenWord ByteToAikenDword ByteToExcessByte ByteToExcessWord ByteToExcessDword 0 to 127 0 to 255 0 to 255 0 to 99 0 to 255 0 to 255 0 to 99 0 to 255 0 to 255 0 to 99 0 to 255 0 to 255
Phan 2
Kieu d lieu 16 bit khong dau: kieu nay dai 2 bytes va khong co dau.
Adapt Format
WordToUnsignedWord WordToUnsignedByte WordToUnsignedDword WordToSignedByte WordToSignedWord WordToSignedDword WordToBCDByte WordToBCDWord WordToBCDDword WordToAikenByte WordToAikenWord WordToAikenDword WordToExcessByte WordToExcessWord WordToExcessDword WordToS5Counter
Number Range
0 to 65535 (no conversion) 0 to 255 0 to 65535 0 to 127 0 to 32767 0 to 65535 0 to 99 0 to 9999 0 to 65535 0 to 99 0 to 9999 0 to 65535 0 to 99 0 to 9999 0 to 65535 0 to 999

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Phan 2
Kieu d lieu 32 bit khong dau: kieu nay dai 4 bytes va khong co dau.
Adapt Format
DwordToUnsignedDword DwordToUnsignedByte DwordToUnsignedWord DwordToSignedByte DwordToSignedWord DwordToSignedDword DwordToBCDByte DwordToBCDWord DwordToBCDDword DwordToAikenByte DwordToAikenWord DwordToAikenDword DwordToExcessByte DwordToExcessWord DwordToExcessDword DwordToS5Timer
Number Range
0 to 4294967295 (no conversion) 0 to 255 0 to 65535 0 to 127 0 to 32767 0 to 2147483647 0 to 99 0 to 9999 0 to 99999999 0 to 99 0 to 9999 0 to 99999999 0 to 99 0 to 9999 0 to 99999999 10 to 9990000
d. Soan thao:
Thanh phan soan thao gom co: Alarm Logging, User Administrator, Text Library, Report Designer, Global Scripts, Tag Logging, Graphic Designerse c trnh bay cu the trong chng 2.

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Luan Van Tot Nghiep
Phan 2
Chng 2:
Cac Thanh Phan Soan Thao
I. ALARM LOGGING.
1. Chc nang.
Soan thao Alarm Logging am trach ve cac thong bao nhan c va lu tr. No cha cac chc nang e nhan cac thong bao t cac qua trnh, e chuan b, hien th, hoi ap va lu tr chung. Vi ac tnh nay, Alarm Logging giup ta tm ra nguyen nhan cua loi. He thong Alarm Logging co cac ac tnh sau: Cung cap cac thong tin ve loi va trang thai hoat ong toan dien. Cho phep sm nhan ra cac tnh trang nguy cap. Tranh va giam thieu thi bao. Chat lng san pham ngay cang tang. Cung cap tai lieu.
Alarm Logging chia lam 2 thanh phan: he thong cau hnh (Alarm Logging CS) va he thong run-time (Alarm Logging RT).
a. Nhiem vu cua Alarm Logging CS:

S dung Alarm Logging CS e at cau hnh cho cac thong bao e chung c hien th theo cach ma ta muon. Ta co the thc hien ieu nay trc khi he thong run-time khi ong. He thong cau hnh Alarm Logging cua WinCC cung cap mot giao dien ac biet ma ta tao lap san.
b. Nhiem vu cua Alarm Logging RT:

Alarm Logging co nhiem vu thu thap cac thong bao va hoi ap. No chuan b cac thong bao e hien th va lu tr.
2. Khai quat ve Alarm Logging.

a. Thong bao:

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Phan 2
Cac thong bao c xuat ra t cac bien co va c hien th bi Alarm Logging theo trnh t thi gian. He thong phan biet gia cac kieu s co sau: Binary events. Cac dang thong bao. Theo doi cac s co. Binary events: la nhng thay oi trang thai trong cac tags (tag noi va tag ngoai). Cac dang thong bao: cha cac muc va chc nang sau: o Qua trnh. o Theo doi he thong ieu khien. o Cac ng dung. Theo doi cac s co: he thong Alarm Logging cha ho tr viec theo doi s co. Tuy nhien, ta van co the liet ke cac s co: o Tran bo phan lu tr va ROM. o Thong bao ve may in. o Loi do server. o S co truyen thong qua trnh. o Thong bao nhom. o ieu khien qua trnh va lu tr.
b. Thu tuc thong bao:

WinCC ho tr 2 thu tuc thong bao: thu tuc thong bao bit va thong bao ung trnh t thi gian. Thu tuc thong bao bit: la thu tuc pho bien cho phep nhan cac thong bao t PLC. Alarm Logging se thu thap cac gia tr thc s t viec quan ly tag cua quan ly d lieu. Alarm Logging se gan ngay, gi trong thu tuc nay. Thong bao ung trnh t thi gian: thu tuc nay gia s rang chnh cac PLCs tao ra thong bao s co, t an nh ngay/ gi va cac gia tr qua trnh cho no. Tat ca cac thong bao cua PLC c nhom lai bi mot dang thong bao tao san cho toan bo project.
c. Cau truc mot thong bao:

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Mot thong bao cha cac thong tin he thong va cac tham so khac, c hien th theo hnh thc cua cac cot. Neu cac cot nay cha cac ten ong nhat, cac gia tr va cac khoi giong nhau, th chung c goi la cac khoi thong bao. Cac khoi thong bao c chia thanh 3 vung sau: Cac khoi he thong: cac khoi nay cha d lieu he thong c gan bi Alarm Logging. Cac d lieu bao gom: ngay, gi, bao cao ID. Cac khoi gia tr quy trnh: cac khoi nay cha cac gia tr truyen t qua trnh, v du nh vt mc va nhiet o nguy cap. Cac khoi van ban cho ngi dung: la nhng khoi van ban cho cac thong tin tong quat va de hieu nh : giai thch cac thong bao, ni loi xay ra, va nguon goc thong bao.
d. To chc cac thong bao:

WinCC cung cap 16 lp thong bao vi 16 kieu thong bao. Ta co the at cau hnh cho cac lp thong bao. Moi mot thong bao c gan vi mot kieu thong bao. Cac kieu thong bao cung c nhom trong cac lp thong bao.
e. Hien th cac thong bao trong che o run time:

Bao cao thong bao: mot hnh thc khac cua viec chuyen thong bao la hien th bang bao cao. He thong phan biet gia cac kieu sau: Bao cao thong bao theo trnh t: cung cap lien tuc cac thu tuc ve thong bao. Bao cao lu tr: cha cac thong tin vao ni lu tr. Thong bao n va theo nhom: neu cac thong bao c nh hnh rieng biet (thong bao n) nhom lai vi nhau th chung c goi la cac thong bao theo nhom. Mot thong bao theo nhom co the c tao cho moi lp va kieu thong bao. Ngoai ra ta co the ket hp cac thong bao theo nhom. Neu mot thong bao theo nhom c hien th, ngha la co t nhat mot thong bao n c thc thi. Ta khong the nhan ra cac thong bao n trong kieu hien th nay.

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Khoa va cho phep thong bao: nhng thong bao ca biet, nhng lp va kieu thong bao co the an va hien lai trong viec thu thap che o run time. Ghi nhan: Alarm Logging co the s dung lu tr trong thi gian ngan va lu tr tuan t. Lu tr trong thi gian ngan: co the lu tr trong thi gian ngan en 10.000 thong bao trong danh sach cac thong bao. Ta co the tai ni lu tr vao mot trong hai vung sau: bo em vong cua bo nh chnh va trong a cng. Lu tr tuan t: toan bo a cng co the c s dung. Ta co the dung cac vung lu tr nh: lu tr trong thi gian ngan, va lu tr lien tuc tren a cng.
II. TAG LOGGING.

1. Chc nang.
Tag Logging co cac chc nang cho phep lay d lieu t cac qua trnh thc thi, chuan b e hien th va lu tr cac d lieu o. D lieu co the cung cap cac tieu chuan ve cong nghe va ky thuat quan trong lien quan en trang thai hoat ong cua he thong. Tag Logging chia lam 2 phan nh sau: He thong cau hnh (Tag Logging CS ). He thong run-time (Tag Logging RT).
a. Nhiem vu cua Tag Logging CS:

Ta co the gan tat ca cac ac tnh can thiet e lu tr va hien th cho d lieu bang Tag Logging CS. Cac ac tnh nay phai c tao va chuan b trc khi he thong run-time khi ong. Tag Logging CS cua WinCC cung cap mot giao dien ac biet cho muc ch nay.
b. Nhiem vu cua Tag Logging RT:

He thong Tag Logging RT nhan cac gia tr d lieu va lien ket chung vi cac ac tnh a an nh. Cac d lieu nh hnh theo kieu nay eu c thc hien trc e hien th va lu tr.
c. Thc hien Tag Logging:

Tag Logging c thc hien cho cac muc ch sau:

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Toi u hoa he thong. Cung cap cac thu tuc van hanh ro rang, de hieu. Tang nang suat. Tang chat lng san pham. Toi u hoa chu ky delay. Cung cap tai lieu.
Phan 2
d. Cac kieu d lieu:
D lieu c chia thanh cac nhom sau: D lieu ieu hanh: d lieu ieu hanh c xem la c s cua viec chuyen trang thai hien tai, khoi cong viec can lam, va hng phat trien cua he ieu hanh. D lieu am nhan: gom cac thong bao, d lieu qua trnh va cac gia tr at cho moi cong oan san xuat. D lieu lam viec: bao gom tat ca cac d lieu au vao. D lieu ve may: cho cac phat bieu ve trang thai cua may. D lieu qua trnh: cho cac phat bieu ve phien ban hien hanh va trc o cua mot qua trnh lien tuc. D lieu ve chat lng: nh ra cac phat bieu ve ac tnh cua mot san pham can c bao quan. Co the co mot vai d lieu xuat hien trong nhieu lp cung luc hoac cung mot d lieu c gan nhieu kieu d lieu khac nhau. Tag Logging co the thu thap va bo tuc d lieu qua trnh. No cung cung cap cac c che c ban e thu thap va bo tuc kieu d lieu na.
e. Cac phng phap lu tr d lieu qua trnh:

D lieu qua trnh la cac gia tr o lng c thu thap bi cac sensors ac biet. e x ly chung trong WinCC, cac d lieu nay phai c gan vao nhng vung lu tr hay tags. Viec lu tr d lieu c ieu khien thong qua s ket hp gia cac s kien va cac chu trnh. Ngi at cau hnh cho he thong xac nh loai d lieu nao

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can c cat trong moi ni lu tr. Ta co the chon mot trong cac phng phap lu tr nh sau: Viec lu tr lien tuc tuan hoan se giam sat cac gia tr o lng/ tags. Viec lu tr tuan hoan nhan gia tr hien thi khi ngat a c at cau hnh tng ng xay ra. Viec lu tr tuan hoan co chon loc se lien ket ieu khien ngat vi ieu khien viec lu tr thong qua cac chu trnh. Viec lu tr ieu khien qua trnh nhan s thc thi cua he thong thong bao. Tags: Tags c tao trong WinCC va c phan loai bi quan ly d lieu trong suot he thong. Cac tags nay tng trng cho cac phep tnh toan ben trong, cac gia tr gii han, ket qua lien ket, hoac cac s kien cua he thong n gian nh thi gian, s dung chuot, ban phm, hay cac gia tr o lng. Tag gom co: tag ngoai, tag noi, tag dang thong bao. Tags ngoai/noi: Tags ngoai thu thap cac bien cua qua trnh. Tags noi thu thap cac gia tr va cac trang thai cua he thong ben trong. Cac tags nh phan va analog la nhng thanh phan Tag Logging co cha cac ac tnh lu tr cua cac gia tr qua trnh (tags ngoai) va tags noi. Cac tags lu tr nen ho tr viec lu tr trong thi gian dai cho tat ca cac kieu tag Tag Logging khac. Ta co the them cac chc nang chon la nh gia tr cao/thap hoac thc thi cac ham user-defined thong qua phan viet chng trnh. Cac tags dang thong bao: mot hay nhieu iem o lng t qua trnh co the c nhom vao tag dang thong bao. Kieu truyen nay c ac biet s dung khi ghi nhan s thc thi qua trnh nhanh hoac khi co s thu thap d lieu trong cac khoi cua PLC. Cac gia tr nh phan hay analog noi chung cung c s dung. Mot so dang cung c at cau hnh e thch ng vi viec thiet lap trong quan ly d lieu cua WinCC. Chung cung c thu nhan bi he thong vi hnh thc cac tags d lieu tho. Cac gia tr o lng:

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Cac gia tr o lng la d lieu c chuyen t qua trnh thc te bang cach lien ket cac kenh giao tiep vi he thong lu tr WinCC. Cac gia tr o lng nay ac trng cho qua trnh thc te. Chung bao gom : nhiet o, ap suat, toc o, thong bao ngat, va cong tac gii han. Cac ngat: Ngat co the xay ra di nhieu hnh thc. Co cac dang ngat sau: Cac ngat nh phan. Ngat gia tr gii han. Ngat ieu khien thi gian. Cac ngat va s lien ket cac ngat c lap trnh trong modul Global Scripts s dung cac ham viet chng trnh. Chung co the c gan vi tag thch hp trong Tag Logging CS vi s tr giup cua bo duyet tm ham (browser). Cac ham nay se kch hoat khi che o RunTime khi ong. Ngat nh phan: Cac ngat nh phan co phan ng vi s thay oi cua tag nh phan (tag noi va tag ngoai). Ngat gia tr gii han: Cac ngat gia tr gii han co phan ng vi hien tng tre sau: Vt mc gia tr gii han cao. Vt mc gia tr gii han thap. at en gia tr gii han. Ngat thi gian: Ngat thi gian cophan ng vi: at thi gian ngh. Dch chuyen s thay oi. Khoang thi gian sau khi ong. Cac chu trnh: Cac chu ky thi gian khac nhau c tao lap e thu thap va lu tr. Chung tao c s e thu thap d lieu trong cac he thong digital. Khi chung la au vao, chung cung c cung cap o dai thi gian (thi gian gia hai lan quet). Khoang thi gian toi thieu la 500 ms. Tag Logging co s khac nhau gia cac chu ky thu thap va lu tr. Khoang thi gian cua cac chu ky la mot so nguyen gom nhieu oan thi gian cua chu ky thu thap tng ng.

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Chu ky thu thap: Chu ky thu thap giup Tag Logging RT thu thap tag quan ly d lieu. Quan ly d lieu thc thi anh qua trnh cua no mot cach lien tuc. Tag Logging RT thu nhan noi dung d lieu tai luc bat au chu ky thu thap. Khi xac nh cac chu ky thu thap vi khoang thi gian nho, phai am bao rang khoang thi gian nay ln hn han so vi khoang thi gian thu thap phan cng. Vi khoang thi gian nho, no cang co kha nang lu tr d lieu tam thi trong PLC va gi en WinCC bang mot dang thong bao. Chu ky lu tr: Chu ky lu tr chuyen cac tags quan ly d lieu a c thu thap va x ly en ni san sang lu tr chung. Tai nhng thi iem xac nh trc, chu ky lu tr se phat cac tags ra mot cach eu an cho muc ch hien th va lu tr. Moi quan he gia chu ky lu tr va chu ky thu thap xac nh so lng d lieu qua trnh c x ly tai cung thi iem. Chu ky thu thap se cung cap cac d lieu qua trnh nay. Lu tr tuan hoan lien tuc: Viec thu thap d lieu bat au khi he thong khi ong (che o Run Time) va tiep dien trong suot chu ky cho en khi dng he thong. Ta co the nh chu ky thu thap va chu ky lu tr oc lap vi nhau trong he thong lu tr cua WinCC. Mot chu ky co the c nh t 1 giay en 1 nam. Ve mat cau hnh, cac chu ky thi gian c tao cho moi gia tr o lng/ tag hay cho mot nhom cac gia tr nay va do vay chung la hard-coded tnh trong modul run time. Vi moi chc nang lu tr, ta co the chon e lu tr cac gia tr trung bnh, min, max hay gia tr thc. Lu tr tuan hoan co chon loc: Viec lu tr bat au khi ngat xay ra va c thc hien vi chu ky thi gian khong oi cho en khi mot ngat th hai xay ra. Khi co tn hieu dng, gia tr thu thap mi nhat se c lu tr. Sau ay la cac v du ve cac ngat khi ong va dng: Trang thai chuyen oi gia tr o lng/ tag logic. at en gia tr gii han cua gia tr o lng/ tag. Ngay, gi. S dung chuot hay nhan phm trong WinCC. Ra lenh t cac he thong cap cao hn bang quan ly d lieu hay ng dung ngoai. Ket hp cac y tren.

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Cac ngat c x ly vi s tr giup cua viec lap trnh thao tac. Ve mat lap trnh, viec an nh cac ngat, cac chu ky lu tr va thu thap c xac nh cho moi tag hoac nhom tag. Lu tr tuan hoan: Trong lu tr tuan hoan, mot gia tr o lng/ tag nh phan hay analog ch c lu tr mot lan khi co ngat xay ra. Cac v du ve cac ngat khi ong va dng: Trang thai chuyen oi gia tr o lng/ tag (kch bang canh). at en gia tr gii han cua gia tr o lng/ tag analog. Ket hp hai y tren. Cac ngat c tao ra tuy thuoc vao ngay, gi. Cac dang thong bao. Lu tr ieu khien qua trnh: Cac gia tr qua trnh lu tr c nhom vao cac khoi trong PLC va c gi di dang cac tags d lieu tho en Tag Logging bang quan ly d lieu. Sau o cac d lieu se c chuan b san trong Tag Logging s dung chng trnh quy nh, dang DLL, va c cat vao ni lu tr. Dang DLL nay la mot kenh phu thuoc, do o no phai tuan thu theo nha san xuat ve kenh hay ve PLC. Ghi nhan: Moi v tr o lng co the c ghi bi Tag Logging bang 3 cach khac Bo em vong cua vung nh chnh. Bo em vong trong a cng. Lu tr tuan t trong a cng.
nhau:
2. Cau truc cua Tag Logging CS.

Tag LoggingCS co cac phan chnh sau: Timers: tao cac chu ky thu thap va lu tr. Archives: tao cac vung lu tr va cac tags. Trend Window Templates: hien th gia tr o lng bang ng cong. Table Window Templates: hien th gia tr o lng theo dang bang.

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a. Timers:
Tag Logging phan biet 2 he thong thi gian khac nhau: thi gian thu thap va thi gian lu tr. Thi gian thu thap: la nhng khoang thi gian ma cac gia tr trong o c copy t anh qua trnh cua quan ly d lieu bi Tag Logging. Thi gian lu tr: la nhng khoang thi gian ma d lieu trong o c nap vao vung lu tr. Thi gian lu tr luon la mot so nguyen gom nhieu khoang thi gian thu thap. Gia tr mi nhat c nap vao vung lu tr. Thi gian nen: c s dung e tao tam thi gian gii han trong o d lieu c nen.
b. Archives:
Ta co the lu tr bang 1 trong 3 cach: Lu tr gia tr qua trnh: nhan noi dung cua cac tags quan ly d lieu. Lu tr nen: nen d lieu va lien ket cac gia tr rat hieu qua. Bang cach nay, cac gia tr o lng c bo tuc trc tiep va ghi nhan ngay lap tc. Lu tr nen cho phep lu tr trong thi gian dai cho tat ca cac kieu tags khac trong Tag Logging. Lu tr theo ngi dung: mot so tags user-defined c nap vao vung lu tr cho ngi s dung. Vung lu tr nay dung e thu thap d lieu quan trong, an nh tham so san xuat, ieu khien d lieu liet ke. Giao tiep gia PLC va WinCC c thc hien bi cac dang thong bao tuan thu theo cac quy c ac biet ve cau truc. Ve c ban, cac d lieu trong vung lu tr cho ngi dung ch c x ly va lu tr theo cach ieu khien-ngat di hnh thc cac nhom d lieu. Tat ca cac phng phap lu tr cua viec lu tr tuan hoan cac d lieu qua trnh co the c s dung trong vung lu tr cho ngi s dung.

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Hnh 2.3: man hnh cho phep chon cach lu tr.
c. Trends:
Ta co the ve o th cac ng cong t cac gia tr thu c t qua trnh. Vi chc nang nay, WinCC giup ta co the theo doi s thay oi cac gia tr o lng theo thi gian mot cach tong quat va ro rang. Co the ve c nhieu ng cong tren cung mot o th bang cach chon nhieu tags tng ng vi cac thong so ma ta can hien th.
d. Tables: Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

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Table cung co chc nang giong nh Trend nhng khong hien th cac thong so bang ng cong ma bang gia tr cu the tai mot thi iem cu the. Vi tnh nang nay cua Table, khi can thiet ta co the hieu chnh cac thong so au vao e at c cac gia tr ngo ra toi u nh mong muon.
III. GRAPHICS DESIGNER.

1. Chc nang.
Graphics Designer dung e tao cac hnh ve t qua trnh. No co cac ac tnh sau: De s dung, giao dien n gian vi cac mau o hoa va cong cu. Hp ly hoa cau hnh vi cac th vien oi tng va bieu tng tch hp. M ra cac giao dien e a vao cac hnh o hoa va ho tr giao dien OLE 2.0. Lien ket cac chc nang bo sung bang c cau viet chng trnh rat hieu qua. Lien ket cac oi tng o hoa ma ta t tao.
2. Cau truc:
Graphics Designer cha cac muc sau: Cac palettes e tao va bien tap cac oi tng o hoa. Palette mau sac. Palette oi tng. Palette ve kieu. Palette thu phong. Palette font ch. Cac palettes va cac thanh (bar) thao tac tren Graphics Designer. Thanh menu. Palette chuan.

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Thanh trang thai. Thanh layer.
Phan 2
Ca so hoi thoai e thiet lap va thay oi ac tnh cua oi tng. ac tnh oi tng.
a. Palette oi tng:
Cac oi tng co san c xep vao cac vung di ay: Standard Objects: gom cac hnh a giac, elip, hnh ch nhat. Smart Objects: gom co OLE control, OLE object, bar, I/O field. Window Objects: bao gom Button va Chech Box. Standard Objects:
Graphic Objects: dung e ve cac hnh he thong. Static Text: thc thi nh mot text. Ta co the thay oi hnh dang, v tr, va noi dung cua text box khi ang run time.

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Phan 2
Smart Objects: Application Windows: la cac oi tng c quan ly bi he thong thong bao (Alarm Logging), he thong lu tr (Tag Logging), he thong bao cao (Print Jobs), va cac ng dung (Global Scripts). Trong Graphic Designer, cac ac tnh ben ngoai (v tr, kch thc, va cac thuoc tnh khac) cung c at cau hnh va chuyen en ng dung khi run time. ng dung m ra cac ca so ng dung va quan ly no e hien th va thao tac. Picture Windows: la oi tng thu nhan cac hnh ve c tao t Graphics Designer. Chung c cau hnh theo v tr, kch c, va cac ac tnh ong khac. V du mot ac tnh quan trong la xem xet cac hnh ve e hien th trong picture window. OLE Control: s dung OLE Control e bo sung them phan t trong Window (nh nut nhan hay hop chon la). Mot OLE Control co cac thuoc tnh c hien th trong ca so Object Properties, Event va co the soan thao o. OLE Object: Graphics Designer ho tr tnh nang chen vao mot OLE Object trong o hoa. Sau khi thc hien viec chuyen oi e lien ket OLE Object trong hop oi tng, ta phai truy cap s lien ket e hien th nhng thay oi. I/O field: ta co the s dung no nh mot input field, output field, hay mot I/O field ket hp. Cac dang d lieu co the co: nh phan, thap luc phan, thap phan, hay chuoi. Ta cung co the nh ro cac gia tr gii han, au vao an, thu nhan khi vung field b ay. Bar: c gan vi nhom Smart Object. Cac thuoc tnh cua no co anh hng en hnh dang, tnh nang cua no va hien th cac gia tr lien quan gii han cao va thap. Graphic Object: nhan hnh ve c tao t mot dang o hoa ben ngoai vao Graphic Designer. Status Display: hien th c 32 trang thai khac nhau cua mot oi tng. Ta co the hien th bang cach ket noi no vi tag co gia tr tng ng vi trang thai. S dung hop thoai e at cau hnh cho man hnh trang thai mot cach n gian va nhanh chong. Text List: s dung text list e gan gia tr cho text. No c dung nh mot input list, output list, hay text list ket hp. Cac dang d lieu co the co: thap phan, nh phan, bit.

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3D Bar: c gan vi nhom Smart Object. Cac thuoc tnh cua no co anh hng en hnh dang, tnh nang cua no va hien th cac gia tr lien quan gii han cao va thap. Ta co the at cau hnh hien th 3 chieu theo cach ma ta muon. 3D Bar la mot bo phan cua hop la chon ieu Khien Qua Trnh C Ban. Group Display: a ra man hnh cac trang thai hien tai cua cac kieu thong bao theo cach tap trung co th t. Khong co s ket noi vi he thong thong bao trong WinCC.
Window Objects: Button: dung e ieu khien cac ngat qua trnh. No nhan biet hai trang thai (nhan va khong nhan). S lien ket vi qua trnh c thc hien bang cach tao ra cac thuoc tnh ong tng ng. Check box: c s dung khi ta can nhieu s la chon. Ta co the chon mot hay nhieu hop trong Check Box. Mot lien ket linh hoat vi qua trnh co the c thc hien bang cach tao ra cac thuoc tnh ong tng ng. Option Group: cung giong vi Check Box nhng ch cho phep chon mot. S lien ket qua trnh t Option Group co the c tao trong khi run time bang cach tao ra cac thuoc tnh ong tng ng. Round Button: thc hien nh mot button cho cac ngat qua trnh hoat ong. Tuy nhien, ngc lai vi button, no cho phep chot ca hai trang thai nhan va khong nhan. Slider: thc hien nh mot bo hieu chnh dch chuyen e ieu khien qua trnh ( v du nh ieu khien nhiet o). Tam ieu khien nam gia gia tr min va max. Ta co the lien ket vi qua trnh bang cac thuoc tnh ong thch hp.
b. Tab Property:
Tab Property dung e xac nh thuoc tnh cho oi tng c chon. Subject Tree: cac thuoc tnh cua oi tng c sap xep thanh nhom. Khi ta chon mot nhom t Subject Tree, cac thuoc tnh tng ng se c hien th. Subject Tree gom co: Geometry (hnh hoc).

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Colors (mau sac). Styles (kieu). Flashing (chp sang). Filling (ay). Font (kieu ch). Limits (gii han). Axis (truc toa o). Miscellaneous (cac thuoc tnh khac). Output/Input (vao/ ra).
Phan 2
Attributes: ta co the thay oi thuoc tnh bang cach s dung cac gia tr au vao, cac bang mau, hay menu da vao kieu thuoc tnh. Ta co the tao cac thuoc tnh ong bang cach s dung tag hay gia tr tra ve cua mot thao tac.
c. Tab event :
Trong tab Event, ta xac nh nhng thao tac nao c thc hien bi oi tng a chon. Subject Tree: gom co cac phan nh sau: Chuot. Ban phm. Cac thuoc tnh khac. Cac thuoc tnh cua oi tng. Event: neu mot s kien c lien ket vi mot thao tac, th bieu tng tia chp se chuyen sang mau xanh. Cac ham chuan co san cho cac thao tac ma ta co the chon trong hop thoai. Ta cung co the lap trnh cho cac thao tac bang ngon ng lap trnh C. Object Event: moi oi tng trong hnh ve co the lien ket vi cac thao tac. Ta co the tao ra mot thao tac bang cac s kien sau: S kien nhan hay nha chuot bang nut trai hoac phai. S kien nhan hay nha phm. Cac s kien khac: thay oi oi tng. Cac s kien lien ket thuoc tnh cho oi tng: - Thay oi thuoc tnh oi tng. - Thay oi trang thai cua tag co anh hng en thuoc tnh cua oi tng.

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Phan 2
Triggering Events: viec tao cac s kien phu thuoc vao oi tng ta a chon t Subject Tree. Action (A) hien th mot thao tac c an nh hay mot ket noi trc tiep. Selecting the Action: C Action: C Action xay ra khi lien ket s kien vi ham a nh trong ngon ng lap trnh ANSI-C va c tao mot cach tuan hoan bi cac s kien. Bieu tng tia chp chuyen sang mau xanh khi s kien c ket noi vi mot ham.
Direct Connection: Dung ca so hop thoai Direct Connection e chon phan t nguon va lien ket no vi phan t ch. Khi ket noi trc tiep c thc hien cho mot s kien th bieu tng tia chp cung chuyen sang mau xanh.
IV. GLOBAL SCRIPTS.

1. Gii thieu.
Global Scripts la cach goi chung cho nhng ham C va cac thao tac c dung trong suot mot d an hay trong nhieu d an tuy thuoc vao kieu cua chung. Ta phan biet cac kieu sau: Cac ham d an: Ta co the tao mot ham d an mi hay thay oi ham a co. Trong d an, nhng ham nay c tao duy nhat.
Cac ham chuan: Ta cung co the tao mot ham d an mi hay thay oi ham a co. Cac ham chuan c nhan biet thong qua cac d an. Cac ham noi: Ta khong the tao hay thay oi ham noi. Chung c nhan biet thong qua cac d an.

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Cac thao tac: Ta co the tao va thay oi cac thao tac bang Global Scripts. Trong d an, cac thao tac c tao duy nhat.
S dung cac ham d an, ham chuan, va ham noi trong nhng vung sau: Cac thao tac C co lien quan en oi tng. Cac thao tac co lien quan en oi tng ma ta tao trong hop thoai ong. S dung chung e tao ra cac vung ong sau: Lu tr d lieu qua trnh. Lu tr cho ngi dung. Lu tr nen. Khi run time, ta co the thc hien cac thao tac e viet chng trnh trong ieu khien qua trnh. e y, ta can thay the cac thao tac mang tnh bao quat bang th vien lien ket ong DLL rieng biet. Tnh nang cua DLL co the c tao san cho cac ham va cac thao tac trong WinCC. Ta can s dung cac lenh sau: #pragma code(<NAME>.dll) #include<NAME>.h #pragma code()
2. Cac ham d an.

Cac ham d an la nhng ham C ma ta t lap trnh va thay oi. Trong d an hien tai, chung c tao duy nhat vi d an. Ta co the dung cac ham d an e tao ra cac oi tng o hoa va cac vung lu tr ong. Ta cung co the s dung chung trong cac ham d an va cac thao tac Global Script khac. Tao ham d an bang cach soan thao Global Script co trong Control Center. e tao mot ham d an, ta thc hien cac bc sau: 1) Cong thc hoa ham. 2) Them thong tin ham. 3) Bien dch ham. 4) Save ham. 5) Khi can tao cac file au muc.

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3. Cac ham chuan.

He thong tao ra mot so ham chuan san co. Tuy nhien ta cung co the tao va thay oi chung.
a. Cac ham chuan co san trong he thong:

He thong cung cap cac ham chuan va chung c chia thanh cac loai sau: Graphics. WinCC. Windows.
Graphics. Void Open Picture(hnh Picture Name) M hnh ve a co. WinCC. Trong WinCC, he thong cung cap cac ham c chia lam hai loai : Alarm-rt. Usearc. Ham alarm rt. BOOL OnBtnArcLong(char* pszMsgWin) Thc hien thao tac thong bao ben ngoai bang cac oi tng o hoa. Ham nay hien th viec lu tr tuan t. BOOL OnBtnArcShort(char* pszMsgWin) Thc hien thao tac thong bao ben ngoai bang cac oi tng o hoa. Ham nay hien th viec lu tr trong thi gian ngan. BOOL OnBtnComment(char* pszMsgWin) Ham nay hien th li chu giai. BOOL OnBtnEmergAckn(char* pszMsgWin) Ham nay m ra cac hop thoai nhan c.

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BOOL OnBtnMsgFirst(char* pszMsgWin) Ham nay chuyen en au danh sach thong bao. BOOL OnBtnMsgLast(char* pszMsgWin) Ham nay chuyen en cuoi danh sach thong bao.
Phan 2
BOOL OnBtnMsgNext(char* pszMsgWin) Ham nay chuyen en thong bao tiep theo trong danh sach thong bao. BOOL OnBtnMsgPrev(char* pszMsgWin) Ham nay chuyen ve thong bao trc trong danh sach thong bao. BOOL OnBtnMsgPrint(char* pszMsgWin) Ham nay kch hoat chc nang bao cao.
BOOL OnBtnMsgFunction(char* pszMsgData) Ham nay cung cap d lieu thong bao cua cac thong bao n va ch co the c kch hoat neu ta set thong so trigger action. Ngoai ra con co cac ham khac nh: BOOL OnBtnHornAckn(char* pszMsgWin) BOOL OnBtnInfo(char* pszMsgWin) BOOL OnBtnLanguage(char* pszMsgWin) BOOL OnBtnLoop(char* pszMsgWin) BOOL OnBtnMsgWin(char* pszMsgWin) BOOL OnBtnScroll(char* pszMsgWin) BOOL OnBtnSelect(char* pszMsgWin) BOOL OnBtnSinglAckn(char* pszMsgWin) BOOL OnBtnVisibleAckn(char* pszMsgWin) BOOL OnBtnLock(char* pszMsgWin)
Windows.
unsigned int Program execute(char* Programm_Name) Khi ong chng trnh vi ten a cho.
d. Cac ham chuan la chon:

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BOOL GetCSigPicture(LPCSTR lpcPictureName, LPCSTR lpcObjectName, LPCSTR lpcPropertyName, LPCSTR lpPictureName) DWORD GetSignificantMask(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, LPCTSTR lpszObjectName) BOOL PASSCheckAreaPermission(LPCTSTR areaname) BOOL PASSCheckAreaLevelPermission(LPCTSTR DWORD level) void PASSLoginDialog(TCHAR ch) areaname,
4. Cac ham noi.

S dung ham noi e tao cac oi tng o hoa va cac vung lu tr ong. Cac ham noi chia lam nhieu loai: Allocate: cha cac ham e d tr va cho phep lam viec vi bo nh. c-bib: cha cac ham t th vien chuan C. Graphics: cha cac ham e oc va thiet lap thuoc tnh cho cac oi tng o hoa. Tag: cha cac ham e ghi va oc cac tags qua trnh. WinCC: cha cac ham chu yeu dung cho he thong thong bao va thu thap d lieu t qua trnh khi che o run time. Allocate: void SysFree(void* lpFree); void* SysMalloc(unsigned long int size); c-bib: c chia thanh cac vung sau: ctype math memory stdio stdlib string time stdio cung c chia thanh cac vung nho:

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char_io directio error file file_pos output
Phan 2
Graphics: Get Functions: la cac ham dung e chuyen cac gia tr cua thuoc tnh. Chia thanh cac nhom sau: Axis, color, fill, flash, font, general, geometry, I/O, limits, link, misc.,Ole_control, pictures, state, style. Set Functions: la cac ham dung e tao gia tr cho thuoc tnh. Chia thanh cac nhom sau: Axis, color, fill, flashing, font, geometry, I/O, limits, link, misc.,Ole_control, pictures, state, style.
Mot so ham Get quan trong: (Ch dung cho I/O fields) BOOL GetAssumeOnExit(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); BOOL GetAssumeOnFull(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); BOOL GetBitNumber(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); BOOL GetClearOnError(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); BOOL GetClearOnNew(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); BOOL GetDataFormat(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); BOOL GetHiddenInput lpszObjectName); (LPCTSTR
lpszPictureName, lpszPictureName, lpszPictureName, lpszPictureName, lpszPictureName, lpszPictureName, lpszPictureName, lpszPictureName,
LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR
Char* GetInputValueChar(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName);

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Char* GetInputValueChar(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); lpszPictureName,
Phan 2
LPCTSTR
double GetInputValueDouble(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); long int GetListType(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); long int GetNumberLines(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); Char* GetOutputFormat(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); lpszPictureName, LPCTSTR
lpszPictureName, LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, LPCTSTR
Char* GetOutputValueChar(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, LPCTSTR lpszObjectName); double GetOutputValueDouble(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, LPCTSTR lpszObjectName);
Mot so ham Set quan trong: (Ch dung cho I/O fields) BOOL SetAssumeOnExit(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, lpszObjectName, BOOL bAssumeOnExit); BOOL SetAssumeOnFull(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, lpszObjectName, BOOL bAssumeOnFull); BOOL SetBitNumber(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName, long int lBitNumber); lpszPictureName,
LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR LPCTSTR
BOOL SetClearOnError(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, lpszObjectName, BOOL bClearOnError); BOOL SetClearOnNew(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName, BOOL bClearOnNew); lpszPictureName,
BOOL SetAssumeOnExit(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, lpszObjectName, BOOL bAssumeOnExit); BOOL SetHiddenInput(LPCTSTR lpszObjectName, BOOL bHiddenInput); lpszPictureName,
BOOL SetNumberLines(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, lpszObjectName, long int lNumberLines);

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BOOL SetOutputFormat(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, lpszObjectName, char* szOutputFormat);
Phan 2
LPCTSTR
BOOL SetOutputValueChar(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, LPCTSTR lpszObjectName, char* szOutputValueChar); BOOL SetOutputValueDouble(LPCTSTR lpszPictureName, LPCTSTR lpszObjectName, double dOutputValueDouble); Tag: Cac ham Get: General get functions Get state functions Get wait funcions Get state wait functions Cac ham Set: General set functions Set state functions Set wait funcions Set state wait functions Ham wait khac biet vi cac ham khac , trong o gia tr cua tag c truy nhap trc tiep t qua trnh. Cac tags khong c cap nhat vao Control Center.
tag-get-Functions
short int GetTagBit (Tag Tag_name); BYTE GetTagByte (Tag Tag_name); char GetTagChar (Tag Tag_name); double GetTagDouble (Tag Tag_name); DWORD GetTagDword(Tag Tag_name); float GetTagFloat (Tag Tag_name); BOOL GetTagRaw (Tag Tag_name, BYTE* pValue, DWORD size); signed char GetTagSByte(Tag Tag_name); long GetTagSDWORD(Tag Tag_name); signed char GetTagSByte(Tag Tag_name);

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short GetTagSWORD(Tag Tag_name); BOOL GetTagValue(LPDM_VARKEY LPDM_VAR_UPDATE_STRUCT lpdmresult, lpdmError); WORD GetTagWord (Tag Tag_Name);
Phan 2
lpdmVarKey, LPCMN_ERROR
tag-get-state Functions
short int GetTagBitState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BYTE GetTagByteState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); char* GetTagCharState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); double GetTagDoubleState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); DWORD GetTagDwordState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); float GetTagFloatState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL GetTagRawState (Tag Tag_Name, BYTE* pValue, DWORD size, PDWORD lp_dwstate); signed char GetTagSByteState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); long GetTagSDWORDState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); short GetTagSWDORDState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); WORD GetTagWordState (Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate);
tag-get-wait Functions
VARIANT_BOOL GetTagBitWait(Tag Tag_Name); BYTE GetTagByteWait(Tag Tag_Name); char* GetTagCharWait(Tag Tag_Name); double GetTagDoubleWait(Tag Tag_Name); DWORD GetTagDwordWait(Tag Tag_Name); float GetTagFloatWait(Tag Tag_Name); BOOL GetTagRawWait(Tag Tag_Name, BYTE pValue[], DWORD size); signed char GetTagSByteWait(Tag Tag_Name);

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long GetTagSDwordWait(Tag Tag_Name); short GetTagSDwordWait(Tag Tag_Name);
Phan 2
BOOL GetTagValueWait(LPDM_VARKEY lpdmVarkey, LPVARIANT lpdmValue, PDWORD dwState, LPCMN_ERROR lpdmError); WORD GetTagWordWait(Tag Tag_Name);
tag-get-state-wait Functions
VARIANT_BOOL GetTagBitStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BYTE GetTagByteStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); char* GetTagCharStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); double lp_dwstate); GetTagDoubleStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, Tag_Name, PDWORD PDWORD
DWORD GetTagDwordStateWait(Tag lp_dwstate); BOOL GetTagRawStateWait(Tag DWORD size, PDWORD lp_dwstate); signed char lp_dwstate);
float GetTagFloatStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); Tag_Name, BYTE pValue[], PDWORD
GetTagSByteStateWait(Tag
Tag_Name,
long GetTagSDwordStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); short GetTagSDwordStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate); WORD GetTagWordStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, PDWORD lp_dwstate);
tag-set Functions
BOOL SetTagBit (Tag Tag_Name, short int value); BOOL SetTagByte(Tag Tag_Name, BYTE value); BOOL SetTagChar (Tag Tag_Name, LPSTR value); BOOL SetTagDouble (Tag Tag_Name, double value); BOOL SetTagDWord (Tag Tag_Name, DWORD value);

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BOOL SetTagFloat (Tag Tag_Name, float value);
Phan 2
BOOL SetTagRaw (Tag Tag_Name, BYTE* pValue, DWORD size); BOOL SetTagSByte (Tag Tag_Name, signed char value); BOOL SetTagSDWORD (Tag Tag_Name, long value); BOOL SetTagSWORD (Tag Tag_Name, short value); BOOL SetTagValue (LPDM_VARKEY lpdmVarkey, LPVARIANT lpdmValue, PDWORD dwState, LPCMN_ERROR lpdmError); BOOL SetTagWord (Tag Tag_Name, WORD value);
tag-set-state Functions
BOOL SetTagBitState (Tag Tag_Name, short int value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagByteState (Tag Tag_Name, BYTE value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagCharState (Tag Tag_Name, LPSTR value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagDoubleState (Tag Tag_Name, double value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagDwordState (Tag Tag_Name, DWORD value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagFloatState (Tag Tag_Name, float value PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagRawState (Tag Tag_Name, BYTE* pValue, DWORD size, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagSByteState (Tag Tag_Name, signed char value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagSDWORDState (Tag Tag_Name, long value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagSWORDState (Tag Tag_Name, short value, PDWORD lp_dwstate);

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BOOL SetTagWordState (Tag Tag_Name, WORD value, PDWORD lp_dwstate);
tag-set-wait Functions
BOOL SetTagBitWait(Tag Tag_Name, short value); BOOL SetTagByteWait(Tag Tag_Name, BYTE value); BOOL SetTagCharWait(Tag Tag_Name, LPSTR value); BOOL SetTagDoubleWait(Tag Tag_Name, double value); BOOL SetTagDwordWait(Tag Tag_Name, DWORD value); BOOL SetTagFloatWait(Tag Tag_Name, float value); BOOL SetTagRawWait(Tag Tag_Name, BYTE pValue[], DWORD size); BOOL SetTagSByteWait(Tag Tag_Name, signed char value); BOOL SetTagSDWordWait(Tag Tag_Name, long value); BOOL SetTagSWordWait(Tag Tag_Name, short value); BOOL SetTagValueWait(LPDM_VARKEY lpdmVarkey, LPVARIANT lpdmValue, PDWORD dwState, LPCMN_ERROR lpdmError); BOOL SetTagWordWait (Tag Tag_Name, WORD value);
tag-set-state-wait Functions
BOOL SetTagBitStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, short value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagByteStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, BYTE value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagCharStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, LPSTR value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagDoubleStateWait(Tag PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagDwordStateWait(Tag PDWORD lp_dwstate ); Tag_Name, Tag_Name, double DWORD value, value,
BOOL SetTagFloatStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, float value, PDWORD lp_dwstate );

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BOOL SetTagRawStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, BYTE pValue[], DWORD size, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagSByteStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, signed char value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagSDWordStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, long value, PDWORD lp_dwstate ); BOOL SetTagSWordStateWait(Tag Tag_Name, short value, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagValueStateWait(LPDM_VARKEY lpdmVarkey, LPVARIANT lpdmValue, PDWORD dwState, LPCMN_ERROR lpdmError, PDWORD lp_dwstate); BOOL SetTagWordStateWait PDWORD lp_dwstate); WinCC: Alarm-runtime System (Tag Tag_Name, WORD value,
WinCC Alarm runtime BOOL MSRTSetMsgFilter (DWORD dwServiceID, LPMSG_FILTER_STRUCT lpMsgFilter, LPCMN_ERROR lpError); BOOL MSRTStartMsgService (LPDWORD MSG_SERVICE_NOTIFY_PROC LPMSG_FILTER_STRUCT lpMsgFilter, DWORD LPVOID lpvUser, LPCMN_ERROR lpError); lpdwServiceID, lpfnNotifyProc, dwNotifyMask,
BOOL MSRTStopMsgService(DWORD dwServiceID, LPCMN_ERROR lpError); WinCC System BOOL DeactivateRTProject ();

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BOOL ExitWinCC (); DWORD GetLanguage(); DWORD* InquireLanguage(DWORD* dwCount); BOOL SetLanguage(DWORD dwLocaleID);
Phan 2
V. REPORT DESIGNER.
1. Gii thieu.
Report Designer cung cap cac chc nang nham tao layout va xuat (in ra) cac bao cao. Dung hai bo soan thao sau e tao cac bao cao: Bo soan thao Page Layout. Bo soan thao Line Layout. S dung cac oi tng ong cua Report Designer e xuat d lieu. Cac oi tng nay phai c noi vi cac ng dung phu hp. Viec chon d lieu e xuat th phu thuoc ng dung va c thc thi khi layout, print job c tao hoac khi printout c khi ong trc tiep. Khong phai tat ca cac ng dung eu co ca 3 kha nang tren e chon la d lieu. Trong khi xuat bao cao, cac oi tng ong phai c cung cap cac gia tr hien hanh. Cac oi tng tnh va oi tng he thong co san e sap xep cac bao cao. e xuat bao cao, ta phai at thi gian xuat va phng tien xuat. He thong ho tr cac kha nang la chon sau: Thi iem bat au in tuy thuoc ngi s dung. Tai thi iem chon trc. Xuat tuan hoan. Xuat ra man hnh. Xuat ra may in. Xuat thanh file.
2. Bao cao.
Trong WinCC, ta s dung cac bao cao e a ra cac d lieu a c nh cau hnh (nh tai lieu phan hoi) va e bao cao cac d lieu trc tuyen (nh gia tr

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o lng, bao cao loi). e xuat d lieu trc tuyen, ng dung tng ng phai c kch hoat khi run time. Cau truc va cau hnh cua nhng bao cao nay hau het la giong nhau. iem khac biet quan trong nhat la ve ket noi d lieu vi cac oi tng ong trong report layout va trong print output. Report Designer phan biet gia cac bao cao da vao layout va noi dung d lieu.
Layout chia lam 2 vung: Page layout Line layout
Trong page layout, Report Designer cung cap cac oi tng tnh, ong va he thong cho cau truc trc quan.
Tai lieu phan hoi cha cac phan sau: D lieu t Graphics Designer. D lieu t Alarm Logging. D lieu t Control Center. D lieu t Global Script. D lieu t Tag Logging-xuat thanh file. Bao cao trc tuyen cha cac phan: Bao cao tuan t cac thong bao. Bao cao lu tr thong bao. Bao cao lu tr. Cau truc cua page layout: Trang in: T ba. Noi dung bao cao. Trang cuoi. Phan in: Vung co the in c. Than cua trang in. Cac oi tng cua page layout: oi tng tnh. oi tng ong. oi tng he thong.
a. Bao cao trong page layout:

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Noi dung bao cao:
Phan 2
Cac oi tng tnh, ong va oi tng he thong co san e xac nh noi dung bao cao. Cac noi dung cua phan bao cao gom co phan ong va phan tnh (lp cau hnh). Phan tnh co the cha cac oi tng tnh va oi tng he thong. Phan ong co the cha cac oi tng tnh va ong. Trong khi xuat neu can thiet, phan ong nay co the c chia ra gia cac trang rieng biet, t luc cha biet so lng d lieu cho en thi iem xuat. Phan tnh cua bao cao: Phan tnh cua mot trang in trong page layout trai dai tren toan printable area. No co the ch cha oi tng tnh va oi tng he thong. Ta co the xac nh phan tnh cho t ba, noi dung bao cao, va trang cuoi mot cach rieng re. Tat ca cac trang theo sau trong noi dung bao cao eu lap lai cung phan tnh o. Phan ong cua bao cao: Phan ong bao phu len phan trang c xac nh bi than trang in trong page layout. Phan ong co the cha oi tng tnh va ong. Ta cung co the xac nh phan ong cho t ba, noi dung bao cao va trang cuoi mot cach rieng re. Phan ong cua vien ngoai va cua trang cuoi phai thch ng vi moi mot trang, neu khong no se b cat bo. Phan ong cua noi dung bao cao van c duy tr tren cac trang rieng re tiep theo khi xuat.
b. Bao cao trong line layout:

Cau truc cua line layout: Ta co the xac nh cau truc rieng re cho moi line layout. Xac nh cac trang: Tao kch thc trang. Tao cac le trang. Tao cac noi dung cho trang: Header. Noi dung bao cao. Footer.
3. Ket noi Report Layouts vi cac ng dung.

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e xuat d lieu cau hnh (tai lieu phan hoi) va d lieu trc tuyen khi run time (nh cac thong bao va cac gia tr o lng), ta phai ket noi cac oi tng ong cua report layout vi d lieu t moi ng dung.
a. Chon d lieu e phan hoi tai lieu:

Chon d lieu dang thong bao e xuat bao cao trong Alarm Logging CS. Trong WinCC, Report Designer co san e phan hoi tai lieu cua cac d lieu c cau hnh. e phan hoi tai lieu, bo soan thao Alarm Logging (CS) cung cap cac kieu d lieu sau:

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Phan 2
Chon d lieu e xuat bao cao trong Control Center CS. Trong WinCC, Report Designer co san e phan hoi tai lieu cho d lieu c cau hnh. Control Center cung cap cac kieu d lieu sau:
Chon d lieu e xuat bao cao trong Global Scripts.

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Global Scripts cung cap cac lieu d lieu sau e phan hoi tai lieu:
Phan 2
Chon d lieu lu tr e xuat bao cao trong Graphics Designer.

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Phan 2
Chon d lieu lu tr e xuat bao cao trong Tag Logging CS.
b. Chon d lieu cho cau hnh On-line:

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Phan 2
Tao kieu d lieu e xuat bao cao trong Alarm Logging Run Time. Trong WinCC, cac services cua Report Designer co san e ta tao cac bao cao dang thong bao. Alarm Logging run time cung cap cac kieu d lieu sau e xuat bao cao:
Tao cac kieu d lieu e xuat bao cao trong Tag Logging Run Time. Trong WinCC, cac services cua Report Designer co san e bao cao trc tuyen cho cac vung lu tr qua trnh va cua ngi dung. Tag Table: t d lieu cua gia tr qua trnh va lu tr nen. Tag Trends: t d lieu cua gia tr qua trnh va lu tr nen. Field Table: t d lieu cua lu tr cho ngi dung. Cac tags co lien quan en cac vung lu tr gia tr t qua trnh va cac vung lu tr nen. Va chung co the xuat theo dang bang va dang ng cong.

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Phan 3
PHAN 3
NG DUNG HE SCADA VAO HE THONG PHA TRON HOA CHAT

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Phan 3
Chng 1:
He Thong SCADA
I. GII THIEU HE SCADA.

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition = he thong giam sat, ieu khien va thu thap d lieu) la he thong cho phep ngi ieu hanh giam sat va ieu khien cac qua trnh ma chung c phan bo trong cac ni xa. Co nhieu qua trnh s dung he thong SCADA nh: thuy ien, cac khau x ly va phan phoi nc , kh t nhien, v.vCac he thong SCADA cho phep cac ni xa lien lac vi phng tien ieu khien va cung cap d lieu ieu khien can thiet cho cac qua trnh ieu khien. Khi khoang cach en cac ni xa tang th cang kho truy cap hn, khi o SCADA tr thanh s chon tot nhat cho ngi ieu hanh e ieu chnh va quan sat. Khoang cach va s xa la hai yeu to chnh e cai at cac he thong SCADA . Cac he thong SCADA hien ai co nhieu ac tnh tien tien nh: kien truc phan bo, c s d lieu phan bo, giao tiep o hoa vi ngi s dung (GUI = Graphic User Interface), cac n v o lng t xa thong minh v.v He SCADA thng c dung e ch tat ca cac he thong may tnh c thiet ke e thc hien cac chc nang sau: Thu thap d lieu t cac thiet b cong nghiep hoac cac cam bien/ chuyen oi nang lng. X ly va thc hien cac phep tnh tren d lieu thu thap c. Hien th d lieu thu thap va d lieu c suy ra. Nhan lenh t ngi ieu hanh va thc hien gi cac lenh ieu khien en cac thiet b cua nha may. X ly cac lenh ieu khien t ong hoac bang tay ung luc va tin cay. Cac he thong nh vay co the c goi bang cac ten khac trong cac tnh huong va cac ky nghe khac, nh: DAC (Data Acquition and Control = ieu khien va thu thap d lieu), DCS (Distributed Control Systems = Cac he thong ieu khien phan bo), v.vTat ca cac he thong nay ve c ban thc hien cung cac chc nang. Xuat phat t cac cong viec ng dung cu the ma co s khac biet gia chung cac ac iem sau:

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Phan 3
V tr va s phan bo cac nguon d lieu cong nghiep (cac thiet b nha may). Lng d lieu c thu thap. Toc o thu thap d lieu. Cac lenh ieu khien co the c tao ra mot cach t ong bi cac he thong nay mc o nao. Kieu tnh toan va v tr ma cac tnh toan va cac tac ong ieu khien se c thc hien. He thong SCADA co 4 phan t chnh: ngi ieu hanh (operator), phan t thiet b au cuoi chnh MTU (Master Terminal Unit), truyen thong lien lac va phan t thiet b au cuoi xa RTU (Remote Terminal Unit). Ngi ieu hanh thc hien ieu khien qua thong tin c mo ta trong khoi hien th hnh anh VDU (Video Display Unit). Phan nhap cua he thong thng xuat phat t ngi ieu hanh qua ban phm cua MTU. Thong tin t cac ni xa c MTU giam sat va hien th cac thong tin nay cho ngi ieu hanh . Quan he gia MTU va RTU tng t nh gia chu va t.
MTU (Master Terminal Unit)
Outputs to Other Devices
Inputs from RTU
MTU
Outputs to RTU
Inputs from Operator Hnh 3.1: Cac phan nhap va xuat cua MTU.

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Trung tam cua he thong la MTU. Nhiem vu cua MTU la khi ong tat ca cac cong viec: truyen thong lien lac, thu thap d lieu, lu tr thong tin, gi thong tin en cac he thong khac, va giao tiep vi ngi ieu hanh. S khac biet chnh gia MTU va RTU la MTU khi ong ao tat ca cac truyen thong bang lap trnh gia no va con ngi. Hau het tat ca cac truyen thong c thc hien bi MTU. MTU cung lien lac vi cac thiet b ngoai vi khac nh: monitor, may in hoac cac he thong thong tin khac. Thanh phan giao tiep c ban vi ngi ieu hanh la monitor ma trong o hien th cac valve, bm v.vKhi d lieu en thay oi th man hnh c cap nhat.
RTU (Remote Terminal Unit):

RTU thu thap thong tin xa t nhieu thiet b nhap nh cac valve, bm, bao ong (alarm), ong ho o (meter)Chu yeu d lieu dang analog (so thc), digital (on/off), hoac d lieu xung (nh em so vong xung cua cac meter). Nhieu RTU gi thong tin thu thap c trong bo nh va i yeu cau t MTU e truyen d lieu. Cac RTU hien ai hn co cac may vi tnh va cac PLCs co the ieu khien trc tiep qua a iem t xa khong can nh hng cua MTU. . Outputs to Field Devices
Inputs from MTU
RTU
Outputs to MTU
Inputs from Field Devices Hnh 3.2: Cac phan nhap va xuat cua RTU.

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CPU cua RTU nhan luong d lieu nh phan theo giao thc truyen thong. Cac giao thc co the m rong nh TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) hoac cac giao thc rieng rieng. Nhng luong d lieu tong quat cha cac thong tin c to chc theo mo hnh 7 lp ISO/OSI. Mo hnh OSI c s dung e at tieu chuan cho cach trao oi thong tin vi cac giao thc, truyen thong va d lieu. RTU nhan thong tin cua no nh vao ma nhan dang cua no trong d lieu truyen. D lieu nay c dien dch va CPU ieu khien tac ong thch hp tai cho.
II. CAC AC TNH CHNH CUA HE THONG SCADA HIEN AI.

Kien truc he thong:
Hien nay cac he SCADA the he mi c xay dng theo kien truc phan bo, trong o cong suat cua may chu c phan bo tren mot so bo x ly c noi cung vi nhau bang mang cuc bo (LAN). Trong o moi bo x ly co mot trach nhiem nhat nh nh : thu thap va x ly, tao hien th, thiet lap bao cao v.v va mot so bo x ly dung e d phong. Nh vao cac cong nghe dien rong (WAN), he thong SCADA co the c phan bo tren mot mien a ly rong. He thong c thiet ke theo he thong m va c cau server_client. Kien truc tieu bieu cua mot he SCADA phan bo:
IOS
HMI
HDC
GW
APPS
Hnh 3.3: Kien truc tieu bieu cua mot he SCADA phan bo.

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Trong o: IOS = Data Input/Output Module. HMI = Human_Machine Interface Module. HDC = Historical Data Collection and Storage Module. GW = Gateway for inter_LAN communications. APPS = Application Calculations and Processing Module. Cac bo x ly may tnh: s dung cac vi x ly tien tien.
Phan 3
Thiet b giao tiep gia ngi_may (HMI = HumanMachine
Interface)
SCADA trang b cac VDU (Visual Display Unit = n v hien th) ay u o hoa co kem mouse, trackball jottick va ban phm. Cac nut ieu khien noi cng c thay the bang cac bieu tng tren man hnh c tac ong bang chuot hay ban phm. Cac phng tien nay giup cho ngi ieu hanh: Nhanh chong hoan oi gia cac man hnh hien th. Nhanh chong xem c chi tiet cac thong tin. Tao va sa oi cac man hnh hien th trc tiep he thong. Co nhng hieu ng ac biet e tang kha nang phan biet ro d lieu (v du cac mau khac nhau cho cac lo khac nhau trong mot ng ong dan dau).
Vi cac VDU hoat ong trong moi trng Windows hay X-Windows, ngi ieu hanh cung co the: Xem tren cung mot VDU nhieu mang thong tin ma thng trai ra tren nhieu man hnh hien th. Tren cung man hnh, truy cap c cac d lieu nam rai rac theo vung hoac cac d lieu thuoc cac c s d lieu khac nhau. Do o, nhng phng tien HMI hien ai cho phep ngi ieu hanh truy cap so lng thong tin ln de hn va nhanh hn. Cac n v o lng t xa RTU (Remote Telemetry Unit) Cac RTU khong con la nhng thiet b thu ong na, ma muc ch chnh cua no la thu thap va lu tr d lieu vung. Nhieu mc x ly d lieu va ieu khien c thc hien cac RTU. Nhieu loai thiet b co the c noi vao cac RTU nh: PLC, may o lu lng, thiet b lay chuan va o bon cha v.v

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Cac RTU co the c sap xep theo kien truc phan bo hoac phan cap. D lieu cua cac RTU c x ly tai tram chu. C s d lieu D lieu c lu tr khong nhng la d lieu o ac t xa, c tnh toan ma con co cac thong so bao ve cac s kien va cac canh bao. Do ban chat phan bo cua he SCADA, c s d lieu cung phan bo. Ve van e bao mat th cho nhieu cap truy cap s dung: ieu hanh vien, giam sat vien, huan luyen, ky s, v.v C s d lieu cung lien he vi he thong tin quan tr MIS (Geographic Information System). Truyen thong may tnh Truyen thong LAN/WAN gia cac may tnh da tren mot so tieu chuan cong nghiep phu hp vi mo hnh OSI (Open System Interconnection). Hien nay a co cac cong nghe: Fast Internet, FDDI, Frame Relay, ATM, v.vTrong tng lai ngi ta co khuynh hng chuyen sang ATM.

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Phan 3
Chng 2:
Thc Hien Chng Trnh
I. GII THIEU VE HE THONG PHA TRON.

1. Gii thieu tong quat.
He thong ieu khien pha tron hoa chat c hoan tat da tren s ket hp logic gia lap trnh phan mem va mo hnh that. Chng trnh s dung cac ngon ng lap trnh: S7-300 va WinCC. Phan mem WinCC cho phep ieu khien ket noi gia cac hnh o hoa c tao, ong thi la giao dien gia ngi ieu hanh va he thong ieu khien. Ngon ng lap trnh S7-300 c dung e tao thao tac van hanh cung nh quy luat hoat ong va ieu khien he thong. He thong pha tron bao gom: 3 loai chat long cha san 3 bon cung cap, dan qua bm va valve trc khi vao bon pha tron, mot bon e cha chat long sau khi tron, va mot ong c dung e khuay tron. Do khong co cac sensor bao mc chat long, sensor o lu lng nen phan lap trnh ieu khien chu yeu da vao bo nh thi Timer va ac iem cua cac valve, bm. Tuy vay, no van cho ket qua chap nhan c. Phan mo hnh gom: 3 bon cung cap moi bon cha c toi a la 4.5 lt, bon dung cho pha tron cha toi a 9 lt, bm co toc o 1lt/30giay, ong c, cac valve va cac rle ong ngat.
2. Hoat ong cua he thong.

Khi nhan nut RUN, 3 van cung cap A, B, C va bm c tac ong, cho phep chat long t 3 bon chay vao bon pha tron theo t le nhat nh. Chang han, chat A: 60%, chat B: 25%, chat C: 15%. Khi van cuoi cung (van A) ong lai th ong c bat au hoat ong vi thi gian bang thi gian m van A. ong c dng, lam tn hieu kch bm va van xa hoat ong (thi gian xa bang tong thi gian 3 van cung cap neu cac bm co cung tnh chat). Sau khi xa xong tc la mot lan tron a hoan tat, bo em so thung tang len 1. ong thi delay 5s trc khi he thong lap vong tr lai. Va c the tiep tuc cho en khi ta nhan nut STOP th dng. ac biet khi ong c ang quay hoac khi van xa ang hoat ong, ta co the nhan nut PAUSE, toan bo he thong se dng lai cho en khi nhan PAUSE lan na. He thong tiep tuc hoat ong tr lai vi gia tr thi gian a lu gi trong

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bo nh. Vi chc nang nay cua nut PAUSE, he thong cua ta se hoat ong linh hoat hn tuy vao y muon cua ngi ieu hanh. Lu o giai thuat cua he thong pha tron hoa chat:
Begin
at gia tr Nhan Run

N
0<gia tr at<7
Y
a ra message
3 van cung cap hoat ong

N
Cho phep khoa van cung cap

Y
Stop
Y
ong c quay
Khoa 3 van cung cap
Cho phep ngng ong c
Pause
N
Dng ong c
Stop
Y Y N
Pause
N
Ngng ong c
Delay

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Phan 3
M van xa
Cho phep khoa van xa

Y
Pause
N
Dng van xa
Pause Stop
Y N N
Delay 5s
Delay Khoa van xa

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Phan 3
Gian o xung ve qua trnh hoat ong cua he thong:
Tn hieu lenh Van A Van B Van C
tA tB
tC
ong c Van xa
tM tD
5s
Cach van hanh: Co hai cach van hanh he thong: ieu khien bang cac cong tac vat ly (gia lap lam nut nhan) hoac ieu khien tren may tnh nh phan mem WinCC.

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Phan 3
II. TAO CAC GIAO DIEN KET NOI BANG WINCC.

1. Cac tags va nhom tag a tao trong chng trnh.
Cac nhom tag gom co: nhom tag ieu khien, nhom tag thi gian thc thi va nhom tag the tch. Cac tag oc lap: tag gia tr at, tag so thung.
Cac tags trong nhom tagieu khien:

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Cac tags trong nhom tag thi gian thc thi:
Cac tags trong nhom tag the tch:

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2. Cac giao dien cho chng trnh.

a. Man hnh chnh:
ay la man hnh tong quat cho phep lien ket vi tat ca cac hnh trong chng trnh. Bao gom cac nut ieu khien: Gii thieu, Thong tin, ieu khien, Mo hnh, Xem d lieu, Thu thap, o th, Thong bao, Thoat. Moi nut c nhan se goi en tng hnh co noi dung tng ng. Rieng vi nut Thoat, khi nhan se thoat khoi WinCC RunTime.

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b. Man hnh Gii thieu:

Man hnh nay cung cap mot oan Video gii thieu ve cong nghe va thanh tu cua hang Siemens.

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c. Man hnh Thong tin:

Cho cac thong tin ve ten e tai va ngi thc hien.

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d. Man hnh ieu khien:

Bao gom : Mot I/O field: cho phep at vao so lt can pha tron. Gia tr nay co the len en 999.999 (so thc) nhng thc te do bon cha co

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dung tch la 9 lt, va moi bon cung cap co dung tch la 4.5 lt, nen moi lan pha tron ch cho phep toi a la 7 lt. Do o, neu at qua gia tr nay, mot message se tao ra thong bao ngi van hanh at lai gia tr cho thch hp. Nut nhan Run: cho chay chng trnh. Nut nhan Stop: dng chng trnh. Nut nhan Reset: xoa bo em so thung ve 0. Cong tac Pause: cho phep dng tam thi chng trnh (cac nut nhan Pause ngoai thc te chnh la cac cong tac).

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e. Man hnh Mo hnh:

Ta hoan toan co the giam sat hoat ong cua he thong tren may tnh ma khong can mo hnh thc te thong qua phan giao dien nay. No bao gom cac I/O field va cac thanh Bar giup ta de dang hnh dung va quan sat gia tr cua cac bon cha.

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Luan Van Tot Nghiep f. Man hnh Xem d lieu:
Phan 3
Cac d lieu c quy ra thi gian e de dang theo doi thi gian hoat ong cua cac van va ong c ng vi moi gia tr at khac nhau. ong thi ta quan sat c so thung a pha tron.

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Luan Van Tot Nghiep g. Man hnh Thu thap:
Phan 3
ay la man hnh quan trong cho phep ta thu thap d lieu t qua trnh. Va cung la mot trong ba chc nang chnh cua he SCADA. Ta thu thap cac gia tr bang so cu the theo dang bang (Table).

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Luan Van Tot Nghiep h. Man hnh o th:
Phan 3
Man hnh nay co chc nang giong man hnh Thu thap, ngha la cung thu thap cac gia tr t qua trnh nhng theo dang o th (Trends).

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Luan Van Tot Nghiep i. Man hnh Thong Bao:
Phan 3
Thc te chng trnh khong dung cac cam bien canh bao ve: mc ay, mc can, s co may bm v.vcho nen man hnh nay ch mo phong, khong ap dung cho chng trnh. Tuy nhien, em van thc hien giao dien nay e khai thac het chc nang cua WinCC.

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Phan 3
III. LAP TRNH CHO HE THONG BANG SIMATIC S7-3OO.

1. ac tnh thiet b.
Chng trnh s dung CPU 314 IFM.
a. Cau hnh:
Kch thc module:WxHxD : 160 x 125 x 130 (mm) Hoac : 6.24 x 4.88 x 5.07 (in.) a ch cac ngo vao, ra c tch hp trong CPU 314 IFM. Vao/ ra 20 ngo vao so a ch 124.0 en 126.3. co 4 kenh ac biet: 126.0 en 126.3. 124.0 en 125.7. 128 en 135. 128 .
16 ngo ra so 4 ngo vao tng t 1 ngo ra tng t
Cac kenh ac biet nay co chc nang: bo em, o tan so, bo em A/B, o v tr. Cau hnh ien: Nguon cung cap: 24VDC. Dong: 1A. Cong suat : 16W.

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Mot so ac tnh khac: 24 Kbytes RAM. 40 Kbytes bo nh nap tch hp trong EPROM, khong can card bo nh. Toc o truyen thong: 19.2 Kbps; 187.5 Kbps.
b. Cap ket noi MPI:

MPI ( multi-point interface): la phan giao tiep cua CPU dung e ket noi, v du nh cac thiet b lap trnh, c goi la giao tiep a iem t nhieu thiet b ma co the truy cap CPU thong qua giao tiep nay. Noi cach khac, CPU vi giao tiep a iem co the noi mang ma khong can them module nao khac. Cap ket noi gia CPU 314 IFM va WinCC (may tnh) co the: 9 chan-9 chan.
hoac: 25 chan-25 chan:

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2. Gii thieu chng trnh:

a. Cac khoi s dung trong chng trnh:
Khoi OB1: la khoi to chc chng trnh, dung e goi cac khoi khac: khoi FB1, FC1, FC2. Khoi FB1: lap trnh hoat ong cho 3 van cung cap A, B, C ng vi 3 khoi d lieu DB1, DB2, DB3. Khoi FC1: lap trnh hoat ong cho ong c. Khoi FC2: lap trnh hoat ong cho van xa. Khoi FC3: dung e quy ra the tch t cac gia tr thi gian. Khoi FC5: kch Timer ong c chay tiep sau khi nhan lai nut Pause. Khoi FC6: kch Timer van xa chay tiep sau khi nhan lai nut Pause. Khoi FC8: load gia tr cua Timer ong c vao o nh MW30. Cac khoi FC10, FC11, FC12, FC13, FC14: xoa cac o nh cha gia tr thi gian cua cac van va ong c. Cac khoi FC15, FC20, FC21, FC23: xoa cac gia tr the tch ve 0. Khoi FC22: tnh the tch can hien th. Cac khoi DB1, DB2, DB3: cha d lieu cho 3 van cung cap A, B, C tng ng.
b. Phan lap trnh:

(xem phu luc)

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Phan 3
Chng 3: Phat
Ket Qua Thc Hien Va Hng Trien e Tai.
1. Ket qua thc hien.

Chng trnh a thc hien chay on nh, ung theo y tng cua ngi lap trnh. He thong hoat ong cho sai so khong ang ke. Ngoai cac chc nang c ban u cho mot he thong pha tron n gian hoat ong, em a thc hien them mot so tnh nang khac e de dang cho viec ieu khien va giam sat nh tao them nut Pause, bo em so lan pha tron v.v. Ta co the ieu khien he thong bang hai cach: ieu khien bang cac cong tac vat ly hoac ieu khien tren may tnh thong qua cac giao dien c thc hien bang lap trnh WinCC. Trong WinCC, ta co the ket noi va lay d lieu t cac o nh, trang thai cac bitse thc hien ieu khien, giam sat va thu thap d lieu. Nhng kho khan gap phai: Nhiem vu e tai la thiet ke he SCADA cho he thong pha tron hoa chat. Tuy co ve la e tai kha co ien, nhng thc chat s dung cac ngon ng lap trnh hoan toan mi. Do vay, viec thc hien e tai ch da vao cac tai lieu tm hieu ngon ng lap trnh, trong thi gian cho phep chac chan se khong tranh khoi thieu sot. Nhng nhng g a lam c, em a ap ng gan nh ay u cac yeu cau cho e tai bao gom: ieu khien, giam sat va thu thap d lieu theo ung ngha cua mot he SCADA. Ton tai han che: nut Pause co tac dung khi ong c hoac van xa ang hoat ong, va ch ap dung c cho mot van cung cap ( do tnh chat cua lenh goi CALL trong khoi OB1, van thc hien c la van c goi trc trong chng trnh).
2. Hng phat trien e tai.

Tren ay, ve c ban em a thc hien c chng trnh ng dung cho he thong pha tron chat long. Nhng kho ng dung c trong thc te san xuat, bi v ieu kien thc tai con thieu thon thiet b. e co the ap dung c trong cong nghiep, trong cac he thong day chuyen t ong vi quy mo san xuat ln th can phai co cam bien bao mc, cam bien o lu lng, toc o dong chay hay cac

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cam bien bao ong, bao s co may bm v.vKhi o chng trnh se thc hien hoan chnh hn. Tuy nhien cung co the phat trien da theo chng trnh ma em a thc hien. Hng phat trien co the cho oi tng la cac nganh san xuat, che bien thc pham; nganh pha che hoa chat, hay cho cac he thong pha tron xang dau t ong, pha nht v.v

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PHU LUC
Chng Trnh Viet Bang Simatic S7-300 Cho He Thong Pha Tron Hoa Chat
Tai lieu tham khao:

1. T ong hoa vi Simatic S7-300. Nguyen Doan Phc. Phan Xuan Minh. Vu Van Ha. 2. PLC S7-300 c ban va nang cao. Catic. 3. S7-300 Programmable Controller Installation and Hardware. 4. STEP7 Program Design. 5. WinCC V3.0 Windows Control Center_Getting Started. 6. WinCC V3.0 Control Center + Channels + User Administrator. 7. WinCC V3.0 Graphics Designer + Global Scripts. 8. WinCC V3.0 Tag Logging + Alarm Logging + Text Library + Report Designer.

Thiết kế hệ SCADA dùng WinCC

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TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA TP.

HCM KHOA IEN-IEN T NGANH IEU KHIEN T ONG

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Nien Khoa 1997-2002.

Ngi thc hien Sinh vien Tran Th An

Chng 1: Gii thieu ......................................................................................... 2

PHAN 1: PLCS7-300 ......................................................................1

Chng 2: Ngon ng lap trnh S7-300 ........................................................ 11

Chng 3: Thc thi chng trnh .............................................................35

Chng 1: Control Center ..........................................................................55

PHAN 2: LAP TRNH WINCC .................................... 54

Chng 2: Cac thanh phan soan thao ...................................................66

Chng 2: Thc hien chng trnh ..........................................................110

NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN HNG DAN

NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

I. TONG QUAN VE BO IEU KHIEN LAP TRNH

2. ieu khien noi cng va ieu khien lap trnh c.

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

3. Quet chng trnh tuan hoan va anh cac qua trnh.

b. Anh cac qua trnh:

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

CAU TRUC VA PHAN CHIA BO NH.

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

2. Kieu d lieu va phan chia bo nh.

b. Phan chia bo nh:

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

c. Tam a ch toi a cho cac vung nh:

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Cau truc chng trnh.

a. Lap trnh tuyen tnh (liner):

b. Lap trnh co cau truc (structured) :

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

FB s dung cung vi DB (instance)

Khoi OB FB FC DB SFC SFB

CPU 314 IFM 13 128 128 127 36 7

CPU 313/314/315 13 128 128 127 36 (CPU 315:37) -

CPU 315-2 DP 14 128 128 127 40 -

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Ngon Ng Lap Trnh S7-300

I. S DUNG CAC O NH VA CAU TRUC THANH GHI TRANG THAI.

a. Phan ch: ch v tr va kch thc o nh.

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

2. Cau truc thanh ghi trang thai.

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Giai thch Tran dai tr am trong +I va +D

Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC