Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Nicola Talbot
Vietnamese Translation by: Thi Ph Khnh Ha Ha Hc Vit Nam
Tm tt ni dung
A Ti liu c bin son nhm gip cc nghin cu sinh nhng ngi mun s dng L TEX son tho lun n Tt A A Nghip ca h. Nu bn cha lm quen vi LTEX ti khuyn bn trc ht nn c LTEX for Complete Novices [5].
Cc v d c nu ra trong ti liu ny bn c th download t th mc examples trn website ca tc gi. Nu mun xem cc v d bng ting Vit, hy tra cu VNOSS chng ti s hi kin ca anh Nguyn i Qu nhm gip vic upload cc v d mu bng ting Vit, sau khi thit k xong lun n ca bn ng qun gi file A L TEX ngun ln VNOSS mi ngi tham kho nh. Ti liu ny cng c tm thy nh dng kh chuyn (PDF) di dng kh giy A4 in n hoc di dng slide trnh chiu trn mn hnh. Bn dch c nhm H2VN duyt vo: Ngy 30 thng 10 nm 2005. Ti liu gc bng ting Anh v cc file nh km bn c th ti v t: http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/ ~nlct/latex/thesis/thesis.html. Bn dch ting Vit c th ti v t: H2VN1 , VietTUG2 , VNOSS3 hoc VnTEX4 .
Hc Vit Nam nhng ngi Vit Nam s dng TEX (Vietnamese TeX Users Group) 3 Cng ng m ngun m Vit Nam 4 D n VnT X tc gi Hn Th Thnh E
2 Nhm
1 Ha
Mc lc
1 2 3 4 Gii thiu Bt u nh th no Chia nh mt ti liu ln ra nhiu file Thay i phong cch ti liu 4.1 Ci bin i tng vn bn . . . . . . . . 4.2 Thay i u trang ca cc mc . . . . 4.3 Thay i tiu chng . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Thm vo phn mc lc . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 nh ngha mt phong cch dn trang mi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 4 6 7 7 8 9 9
To danh mc cho ti liu tham kho 11 5.1 Cc tham chiu ngc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2 Cc li thng gp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 nh dng 6.1 Khong trng kp . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Thay i trang tiu . . . . . . . . A 6.3 Trch dn vn bn u vo ca L TEX 6.4 Mi trng tabbing . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Cc nh l v thut ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 24 24 25 25 27 32 32 34 35 35 36 39 40 41
To ch mc v danh sch cc thut ng 7.1 To ch mc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1 Nhng vng mc thng gp 7.2 To mt bng ch gii thut ng . . . 7.2.1 Gi lnh makeglos . . . . . 7.2.2 Gi lnh glossary . . . . . Nhiu float khng c x l
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Gii thiu
Trong cc trng i Hc nc ta hin nay qui nh v cch trnh by lun n tt nghip c th khc vi phong cch ca cc trng trn th gii. Nhn chung lun n ca cc sinh vin trong nc trng rt thiu chuyn nghip v cn mang nng tnh hnh thc nhiu, v d nh khi bn lm lun n bn phi tn gio vin hng dn pha trn ca ngi thc hin thay v ch cp n tn ca h vo phn Cm n. Thm ch phong cch trnh by lun n l do mi trng t ra m khng c mt nh dng chun no trong c nc, c i khi mt vi ngi phn bin h ci nhau v cch trnh by ti liu ca sinh vin. Hu ht ngi ta khi lm lun n thng s dng MS Word hay vit tay ri thu cc dch v vn phng nh my li, v cng vic chnh sa rt mt nhiu thi gian. A Gn y mt s sinh vin cc trng i Hc Quc Gia quan tm n L TEX v s dng n son tho ti liu khoa hc, y l mt du hiu rt ng mng. Hin nay cc nghin cu sinh khoa hc cng nh sinh vin cc trng i hc thng c khuyn co s A dng L TEX son tho lun n tt nghip, c bit l khi lun n ca h c lin quan n nhiu biu thc ton hc. Ti liu c bin son vi mc ch l mt bi gii thiu ngn v cch thit k v nh dng ti liu ca bn v cch nh ngha cc kiu trang, u ca chng, khc vi phong cch trnh by c in . . . Nu bn bn cha A A bao gi ng n L TEX th bn nn tm c L TEX for Complete Novices [5] v mt s ti liu Vit Ng lin quan c th tm thy VietTUG hoc tham vn cc chuyn gia v TEX trn VNOSS. Ti liu ny vit cho nhng ngi A c nhng kin thc c bn v L TEX. Xuyn sut ti liu ny, m ngun s c minh ha di dng nh sau: y l mt \textbf{v d}. V kt qu tng ng s c minh ha di dng sau: y l mt v d. Cc nh ngha v lnh s c dng font ch nh my di dng nh sau: \documentclass[ty chn]{file vit ring cho tng lp ti liu }
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Bt u nh th no
Nu bn c ai ch bo dng mt class (lp ti liu) file no , th hy c lm theo nh nhng g m ngi c kinh nghim hng dn bn, cn nu khng ti khuyn bn nn dng file ca lp report. Trc khi bn tin hnh son tho ti liu nn ch rng kiu cu trc ti liu no bn nn chn. Tr khi gio vin hng dn ca bn yu cu, nu khng ti khuyn bn trc ht nn lp ra sn ca ti liu m t nhiu trng ging nh di y: \documentclass[a4paper]{report} \usepackage[utf8x]{vietnam} \usepackage{urwvn} \begin{document} \title{V D MU V LUN N TT NGHIP} \author{Tn ca bn} \date{Thng 10 nm 2005} \maketitle \pagenumbering{roman} \tableofcontents \listoffigures \listoftables \chapter*{Li cm n} \begin{abstract} \end{abstract} \pagenumbering{arabic} \chapter{Gii thiu} \label{ch:gioithieu} \chapter{Vo } \label{ch:vaode} \chapter{Phng php nghin cu} \label{ch:phuongphap} \chapter{Kt qu thu c} \label{ch:ketqua} \chapter{Kt lun} \label{ch:ketluan}
Nu bn download file ngun ca v d ny, n s gip bn xc nh rng ti liu ca bn c nh dng ng trc khi bn bt u nhp ni dung ca ti liu.
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\includeonly{lit k tn file}
nh ngha A phn khai bo ni m tn ca cc file m bn mun nh vo cch nhau bng du phy. L TEX s c tt c cc thng tin v tham chiu cho i vi nhng chng khng c nh vo danh sch, nhng s khng cp nht chng vo file DVI. C mt li im vi vic ny l nu c mt s lng ln hnh nh trong chng kt qu ca bn, m bn khng mun nh km theo khi lm vic, v thi gian bin dch s lu hn, y l mt mo nh. Tuy nhin bn vn c th tham chiu n cc hnh nh trong nhng chng bn khng nh km theo khi m bn bin A dch ti liu vi L TEX sau khi b lnh \includeonly.
V d c nu ra trong Chng 2 by gi c th chia nh ra lm nhiu file: File thesis.tex: \documentclass[a4paper]{report} \usepackage[utf8x]{vietnam} \usepackage{urwvn} \begin{document} \title{V D MU V LUN N TT NGHIP} \author{Tn ca bn} \date{Thng 10 nm 2005} \maketitle \pagenumbering{roman} \tableofcontents \listoffigures \listoftables \chapter*{Li cm n} \begin{abstract} \end{abstract}
CHNG 3. CHIA NH MT TI LIU LN RA NHIU FILE \pagenumbering{arabic} \include{gioithieu} \include{vaode} \include{phuongphap} \include{ketqua} \include{ketluan} \bibliographystyle{plain} \bibliography{thesis} \end{document} File gioithieu.tex: \chapter{Gii thiu} \label{ch:gioithieu} File vaode.tex: \chapter{Vo } \label{ch:vaode} File phuongphap.tex: \chapter{Phng php} \label{ch:phuongphap} File ketqua.tex: \chapter{Kt qu} \label{ch:ketqua} File ketluan.tex: \chapter{Kt lun} \label{ch:ketluan}
Nu bn ch mun lm vic vi chng Phng Php v chng Kt Qu bn ch cn t nhng lnh sau vo phn khai bo. \includeonly{phuongphap,ketqua}
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Bng 4.1: Tn mc nh c in ra vi cc lnh tng ng \contentsname \listfigurename \listtablename \bibname \indexname \figurename \tablename \partname \chaptername \appendixname \abstractname Mc lc Danh sch hnh nh Danh sch cc bng Ti liu tham kho Ch mc Hnh Bng Phn Chng Ph lc Tm tt ni dung
4.1
Ci bin i tng vn bn
Tp tin report nh ngha nhiu lnh m chng dng in ra cc t nh:Mc Lc,Chng,Ti liu tham kho. Cc lnh ny v nhng gi tr mc nh ca chng c lit k trong Bng 4.1. Gi s rng bn mun cc hnh nh v bng biu c gn nhn l H. v B. thay cho Hnh v Bng th bn c th thm cc dng sau vo mythesis.cls: \renewcommand{\figurename}{H.} \renewcommand{\tablename}{B.}
4.2
Thay i u trang ca cc mc
Bn c th ty bin phong cch trnh by cho tiu trang trong tng chng mc bng cch nh ngha li cc lnh tng ng \section, \subsection . . . dng lnh: \@startsection{type}{level }{indent }{beforeskip }{afterskip }{style}
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Su argument c ngha nh sau: type Kiu sp xp cc mc trong ti liu. Mt trong s l: Mc chnh, mc ph th nht, mc ph th 2, on vn chnh hoc on vn ph. (Ch khng c gch xin \) level y l th t cc mc, c m t trong Bng 4.2. indent y l di mt khong trng m ch u tin ca hng cch l tri ca trang. beforeskip L gi tr tuyt i ca beforeskip xc nh khong cch theo chiu dc c cha ra trc tiu trang. Nu beforeskip l m th on vn u tin theo sau tiu trang s khng di vo mt ch hng u tin. afterskip Gi tr tuyt i ca afterskip xc nh khong cch theo chiu dc cha ra sau phn tiu trang. Nu afterskip c gi tr m th vn bn theo sau lnh t tiu xut hin thng hng vi phn tiu trang. style Argument style l cc khai bo c yu cu thit lp phong cch ca tiu trang. (v d \itshape tiu trang s c in ch nghing.) Gi s bn mun thay i tiu trang in ra font ch nghing bn c th lm nh sau: \renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection {section}% % tn {1}% % th t {0mm}% % tht u dng {-\baselineskip}% % trc khi cch {0.5\baselineskip}% % sau khi cch {\normalfont\large\itshape}} % kiu font
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C mt b m gi l secnumdepth iu khin th t ca cc mc c nh s. Th t s tng ng vi nhng g nu trong Bng 4.2. Theo mc nh th gi tr ny l 2, nn ch c cc phn, chng, mc v mc con th nht c cc s lin i. Bn c th dng \setcounter thay i gi tr ca secnumdepth. V d nh nu bn mun lnh \paragraph in ra mt s lm nh sau: \settocounter{secnumdepth}{4}
4.3
Nu bn mun thay i phong cch ca tiu cho cc phn hay cc chng bn khng th dng lnh \@startsection. Thay vo bn dng lnh \secdef. Nu bn np file report.cls vo trong editor ca bn, bn s thy rng c hai lnh \part v \chapter dng \secdef. nh ngha v \chapter c dng sau: \secdef\@chapter\@schapter v \part c dng sau: \secdef\@part\@spart
A Argument u tin trong \secdef thng bo cho L TEX cn thc hin nhng g nu phin bn cha c nh A du sao c dng, v argument th hai thng bo cho L TEX cn lm g nu nh phin bn nh du sao c s dng. Do vy lnh
\chapter{Gii thiu} s dng lnh \@chapter, tri li lnh \chapter*{Li cm n} s dng lnh \@schapter. Lnh \@chapter v \@schapter dng ln lt cc lnh \@makechapterhead v \@makeschapterhead, nh dng tiu chng, v nu bn mun thay i nh dng chng, bn cn nh ngha li cc lnh \@makechapterhead v \@makeschapterhead. Cch d nht lm iu ny l tm m ca nhng lnh ny trong report.cls v copy chng vo trong class file ca bn, mythesis, cp trn, v chnh sa cc lnh nh dng thch hp. V d, gi s rng bn mun c mt hng xut hin trn v di tiu chng v tiu s xut hin dng ch in hoa nh (thng thng trn tiu trang, tn ca mc xut hin trang bn tri v tn chng xut hin trang bn phi) bn lm nh sau: \renewcommand{\@makechapterhead}[1]{% \vspace*{50\p@}% {\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont \hrule % ng k ngang \vspace{5pt}% % thm khong cch theo chiu dc \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \huge\scshape \@chapapp\space \thechapter % nh s chng \par\nobreak
CHNG 4. THAY I PHONG CCH TI LIU \vskip 20\p@ \fi \interlinepenalty\@M \Huge \scshape #1\par \vspace{5pt}% \hrule \nobreak \vskip 40\p@ }} \renewcommand{\@makeschapterhead}[1]{% \vspace*{50\p@}% {\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont \hrule \vspace{5pt}% \interlinepenalty\@M \Huge \scshape #1\par \vspace{5pt}% \hrule \nobreak \vskip 40\p@ }}
% ng k ngang % thm khong cch chiu dc % tiu chng % thm khong cch chiu dc % ng k ngang
4.4
Thm vo phn mc lc
Cc phin bn ca cc lnh nh s cc mc khng c thm phn mc lc iu ny c mc nh trc, nhng bn vn c th thm vo, s dng: \addcontentsline{file}{type}{vn bn}
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file y l phn m rng ca file trong ni dung c ghi ln. Do vy y s l toc (table of contents) cho phn mc lc cn lof (list of figures) l danh sch hnh nh v lot (list of tables) l danh sch cc bng. type y l loi i tng bn a vo phn ni dung nh chng, mc, hnh nh. text y l phn vn bn trong ni dung ti liu Chng hn nh, mc ti liu tham kho c to ra bng vic dng cc phin bn nh du sao ca lnh \chapter nn n khng cn thm vo phn mc lc na, bn c th tin hnh. \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname} B m tocdepth iu khin mc tht vo ca cc mc trong bng mc lc. Th t tng ng ca cc mc c lit k Bng 4.2. Class file report thit lp cho tocdepth nm th t s 2, c ngha l ch c cc phn, cc chng, mc v mc nh s c thm vo bng mc lc. Bn c th dng lnh \setcounter thay i gi tr ca tocdepth. Chng hn nh gn c mc con th 2, on vn v on vn con vo bng mc lc lm nh sau: \setocounter{tocdepth}{5}
4.5
A C hai phong cch dn trang c L TEX2 nh ngha sn l empty v plain. Cc cch dn trang ny c th c la chn bng cch dng mt trong hai lnh sau:
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hu ht cc lass file chun bao gm report v nh ngha phong cch trang headings v myheadings
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thay i cho mt trang xc nh no . C hai lnh ny u gi lnh \ps@style thc hin cng vic, v cng chnh lnh ny nh ngha li cch hin th ca header v footer3 . Do \pagestyle{plain} gi lnh \ps@plain n lt gi cc lnh nh ngha li header v footer, v \pagestyle{empty} gi lnh \ps@empty . . . nh ngha mt phong cch trang mi m y chng ta gi l thesis, trc ht bn cn nh ngha mt lnh c gi l \ps@thesis. K t khi tn lnh cha mt k t @, nh ngha cn nhp vo file phong cch hay file lp ti liu. Header v footer cho trang l v trang chn c th c xc nh bng vic nh ngha li cc lnh sau: \@oddhead, \@evenhead, \@oddfoot v \@evenfoot. Gi s rng bn mun trang mi c header rng v footer c cha s trang vi hai du gch ngang hai bn (v d -10- ) chnh gia chn trang bn c th lm nh sau: \newcommand{\ps@thesis}{ \renewcommand{\@oddhead}{}% header trng \renewcommand{\@evenhead}{}% header trng \renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\hfill-\thepage-\hfill}% \renewcommand{\@evenfoot}{\hfill-\thepage-\hfill}% } Ch rng khi bn dng mc nh la chn oneside cho class file report th ch c cc lnh \@oddhead v \@oddfoot s c kch hot. Cn nu bn mun nh s trang chn v l khc nhau th bn phi nh l dng la chn twoside4 . Bn cng c th ty bin phong cch trang bng cch s dng gi lnh fancyhdr ca Piet van Oostrum. A Tham kho thm A Guide to L TEX [2]. Tr khi bn c yu cu, cn khng ti khuyn bn dng phong cch headings.
3 khi
4 nhng
phi bn chc ai cng bit header v footer l g ri la chn k cc ny khng thch hp trong mt lun n
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xc nh rng trong trong file phong cch no ca BIBTEX (.bst) dng khng m khng m rng. V d trn dng plain.bst v lnh \bibliography{database}
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xc nh c s d liu no c s dng. V d trn dng c s d liu trong file thesis.bib, y l file m chng ta cn to. T khi ti liu hin ti khng c bt k mt lnh trch dn no \cite, v file thesis.bib cha c to, do file DVI s khng c danh mc tham kho. C nhiu kiu trnh by danh mc ti liu tham kho nhng nhng cch c bn l: abbrv Danh mc c lu theo th t alphabe v tn ca tc gi c vit tt, k l ngy thng v tn tp ch. Bn c th so snh qua nhng hnh nh nhng trang sau. alpha Danh mc c lu tr theo th t alphabe vi trch dn l tn v h ca tc gi, v nm xut bn thay v l s. plain Danh mc c lu theo th t alphabe v trch dn theo s. unsrt Danh mc c lu theo s trch dn m s trch dn th hin bng mt s.
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A A Xem thm trong A Guide to L TEX [2] hoc The L TEX Companion [1] bit thm chi tit v nhng phong cch trnh by khc v Ti liu tham kho, hy tho lun vi gio vin hng dn ca bn v mt phong cch trnh by c th no m bn nn dng. Danh mc trong c s d liu ca ti liu tham kho nn c dng nh sau:
@Th loi danh mc {t kha, vng in tn = "vn bn", . . . vng in tn = "vn bn" } trong loi danh mc xc nh th loi ca danh mc (v d book hoc article). Cc kiu danh mc chun c lit k trang Bng 5.1. Bng 5.1: Cc kiu danh mc BibTeX chun article book booklet conference inbook incollection inproceedings manual mastersthesis misc phdthesis proceedings techreport unpublished Bi bo t cc tp ch Sch xut bn Cc ti c in khng c xut bn Tng t nh inproceedings Phn, chng, mc trong mt quyn sch Mt chng trong mt quyn sch c tc gi v tiu ring Mt bi bo co c lu trong bin bn ca mt hi ngh Ti liu k thut Lun n Thc S Cng vic khng theo qui nh chun Lun n Tin S Bin bn hi ngh Bo co c xut bn bi trung tm nghin cu Ti liu khng xut bn nhng c tc gi v tiu
Trong mt danh mc, t kha l mt ci nhn ngn c dng trch dn vi lnh \cite. Nu bn vit cc ti liu tham kho vi mi trng thebibliography v n c cng argument vi \bibitem. Sau c mt du phy phn cch cc tn trong vng in tn, vng in tn = vn bn. Vng in tn xc nh tn ca vn bn v d nh tiu , tc gi. Bng 5.2 lit k cc dng chun. Ch rng mt s kiu danh mc ti A liu tham kho c th nh ngha thm mt s mc khng chun nh email hay url. Xem A Guide to L TEX [2] A hoc The L TEX Companion [1] bit thm chi tit v nhng kiu khng c lit k trong Bng 5.2. Cc vng yu cu hay la chn cho cc kiu danh mc chun c lit k trong Bng 5.3. Nu danh mc c mt mc va l mc la chn va l mc bt buc th BIBTEX s b qua. iu ny c ngha l bn c th c mt phn gi l tm tt ni dung ti liu, v phn ny s c b qua bi phong cch ln danh sch ti liu tham kho chun, nhng n cng s c ln danh sch nu bn dng kiu trnh by danh sch ti liu tham kho c mc cho phn tm tt ni dung ti liu. Do bn c th lu tr thm thng tin trong phn c s d liu m n s khng xut hin trong danh mc ti liu tham kho. Tn ca cc tc gi thng c nhp vo theo cc nh dng sau: tn thnh von h von h, tn thnh von h, jr, tn thnh V d: Danh mc "Alex Thomas von Neumann" "John Chris {Smith Jones}" "van de Klee, Mary-Jane" "Smith, Jr, Fred John" "Maria {\uppercase{d}e La} Cruz" Output ( kiu vit tt ) A.T. von Neumann J.C. Smith Jones M.-J. van de Klee F.J. Smith, Jr M. De La Cruz
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Bng 5.2: Cc mc chun trong BiBTeX address author booktitle chapter edition howpublished institution journal month note number organization pages publisher school series title type volume a ch ca nh xut bn hay trung tm nghin cu Tn ca cc tc gi Tiu ca sch, y l phn trch dn vo trong danh sc cc ti liu tham kho Chng hay cc mc c nh s n bn ca sch Nhng ti liu khng chun c xut bn nh th no n v ti tr cho vic nghin cu Tn ca tp ch Thng m ti liu c xut bn Cc thng tin b sung S pht hnh ca tp ch, cc bo co khoa hc T chc ti tr cho hi ngh S trang hay khong trang Tn ca nh xut bn Trung tm hay khoa nghin cu ni m ti c thc hin Tn ca cc lnh vc kho st Tn ti nghin cu Th loi ca bo co khoa hc S ra ca ti liu
Bng 5.3: Cc mc yu cu v la chn Loi danh mc article book booklet inbook Cc mc yu cu tc gi, tiu , tp ch, nm tc gi hoc ngi hiu nh, tiu , nh xut bn, nm tiu tc gi hoc ngi bin tp, chng hoc trang, tiu , nh xut bn, nm tc gi, tiu , tiu sch, nh xut bn, nm tc gi, tiu , tn sch, nm Cc mc la chn tp, thng, ch thch, s ra, trang a ch, n bn, tp hay s ra, thng, ch thch, trang, th loi tc gi, a ch, xut bn th no, thng, ch gii, nm a ch, n bn, tp hay s ra, thng, ch gii, th loi, kiu a ch, chng, ngi bin tp, n bn, tp hoc s ra, thng, ch thch, trang, th loi, kiu a ch, ngi bin tp, tp hoc s ra, thng, ch thch, tn t chc, trang, nh xut bn, th loi, kiu tc gi, a ch, n bn, thng, ch thch, tn t chc, nm a ch, thng, ch thch, kiu tc gi, xut bn th no, thng, ch thch, tiu , nm a ch, thng, ch thch, loi ngi bin tp, tn t chc, a ch, tp hoc s ra, th loi, thng, nh xut bn, ch thch kiu, s ra, a ch, thng, ch thch thng, nm
incollection
inproceedings
techreport unpublished
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAM KHO So snh v d trc vi: "Maria De La Cruz" m n s in ra: M. D. L. Cruz, l khng ng. Cc tc gi nn tch ring bng t kha and (v). Di y l mt v d dng danh mc book: @book{goossens97, author (tc gi) = "Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, Sebastian v Mittelbach, Frank", title (tiu ) = "The \LaTeX\ graphics companion: Cc ti liu minh ha vi \TeX\ v {PostScript}", publisher (nh xut bn) = "Addison Wesley Longman, Inc", year (nm) = 1997 }
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Trong v d ny th t kha l goossens97, do bn c th trch dn danh mc vi lnh \cite{goossens97}. Phong cch trnh by danh sch ti liu tham kho thng chuyn tiu sang ch thng v tn PostScript th c t trong ngoc mc v n s khng b chuyn sang ch thng. Ch rng ngoc mc {} c th dng thay cho du trch dn i . V d trn c vit li n gin hn: @book{goossens97, author (tc gi) = {Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, Sebastian and Mittelbach, Frank}, title (tiu ) = {The \LaTeX\ graphics companion: cc ti liu minh ha vi \TeX\ v {PostScript}}, year (nh xut bn) = {Addison Wesley Longman, Inc}, year (nm) = 1997 } Cc s nh nm 1997 khng cn t trong gii hn vi du trch dn hay ngoc mc. Do bn c pages (trang) = 10 nhng khong trang cng cn c vit ra: pages = "10--45" Cc kiu trnh by ti liu tham kho lun dng ba ch ci vit tt dng cho thng: jan = thng1, feb = thng2, mar = thng3 . . . Cc ch vit tt nn c dng thay v g y tn ca chng, v cc nh dng ca chng ph thuc vo mi phong cch nh dng danh sch ti liu tham kho. Cc ch vit tt nn c in vo m khng c du trch dn: @inproceedings{talbot97, author = "Talbot, Nicola and Cawley, Gavin", title = " Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh v d liu hnh nh cho vector robust lng t ha", booktitle = "Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh", address = "Santa Barbara, California, USA", month = oct, year = 1997 } Sau y l mt v d v mt c s d liu ca ti liu tham kho ( bn c th download v d ny trong cc file m ti nh km vi file ngun ca ti liu Vit Ng, nu mun bn mun xem: @book{goossens97, author = "Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, Sebastian and Mittelbach, Frank", title = "The \LaTeX\ graphics companion: Ti liu minh ha vi \TeX\ v {PostScript}", publisher = "Addison Wesley Longman, Inc", year = 1997 }
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAM KHO @inproceedings{talbot97, author = "Talbot, Nicola L. C. and Cawley, Gavin C.", title = "Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha", booktitle = "Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh", address = "Santa Barbara, California, USA", month = oct, year = 1997 } @article{cawley96, author = "Cawley, Gavin C. and Talbot, Nicola L. C.", title = "Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu", journal = "I.E.E. Electronic Letters", number = 15, volume = 32, pages = "1343--1344", month = jul, year = 1996 } @incollection{wainwright93, author = "Wainwright, Robert B.", title = "c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam", booktitle = "\emph{Clostridium botulinum}: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm", chapter = 12, pages = "305--322", editor = "Hauschild, Andreas H. W. and Dodds, Karen L.", publisher = "Marcel Dekker, Inc", year = 1993 }
15
Khi bn son c s d liu cho danh sch cc ti liu tham kho, trc bn cn bin dch ti liu ca bn sau pht lnh gi BIBTEX ri bin dch li ti liu hai ln cp nht cc tham chiu cho. Nu bn dng TEXnicCenter,TEXmaker hoc LaTeX editor version 1.2.1 Builde 20050116 Shu Shen (c) 2004-2005 sau khi bin dch ti liu bn c th click vo menu con BiBTeX gi BIBTEX. Trong TEXnicCenter khi to project mi bn c th click ln la chn Uses BiBTeX th chng trnh s t gi BIBTEX khi bn click ln icon Build. Nu bn dng ch dng lnh bn cn g vo nh sau: latex thesis % bin dch ln 1 bibtex thesis % chy BiBTeX latex thesis % bin dch ln 2 latex thesis % bin dch ln 3 Ch rng lc ny bn ang ch nh file ph tr trong khi gi BIBTEX. Bn c th c mt c s d liu v danh A sch tham kho m n c mt ci tn khc vi file L TEX khi gi chng trnh BIBTEX. V d, nu lun vn ca bn c lu trong file thesis.tex, v c s d liu ca ti liu tham kho c lu trong file ref.bib th bn vn cn cng vic lm. latex thesis % bin dch ln mt bibtex thesis % chy BiBTeX latex thesis % bin dch ln 2 latex thesis % bin dch ln 3 Tht ra bn c th nhn c s d liu tam kho ln. Gi s rng ti liu tham kho c nh ngha trong cc file ref1.bib v ref2.bib, sau bn cn hai lnh \bibliography trong file thesis.tex:
16
M t v s khc bit v phong cnh trnh by danh sch cc ti liu tham kho c th hin trong cc Hnh 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 v 5.7. Ch rng kiu trnh by ti liu tham kho apalike cn c gi lnh apalike. bin dch ch tiu Biolography sang ting Vit bn phi dng Notepad++ t ch encode l Encode in UTF8 chuyn Biolography sang ting vit trong file apalike.sty, khi chnh sa xong, lu file ri bin dch li ti liu.
5.1
Gi lnh backref c cung cp vi gi hyperref s t mt du phy ngn cch cc mc, s trang trn nhng trang m ti trch dn ra cui mi mc trong danh sch tham kho. Mi ti liu tham kho trong mi trng thebibliography phi c ngn cch bng mt hng trng, nhng thng thng th BIBTEX t ng thc hin iu ny, bn ch phi lo lng v iu ny nu bn to mi trng thebibliography m khng c s h tr ca BIBTEX. Cc s s c mc nh cho vic nh s cc mc ni m cc lnh \cite tng ng c p dng, nhng iu ny c th thay i s trang bi vic b qua chn la pagebackref cho gi lnh backref (hoc gi lnh hyperref nu bn dng n). Gi lnh backrefx m rng gi backref v cung cp vn bn b sung chng hn nh: (Trch dn trn trang 1, 4 v 10). Cc lnh ny lun sn c chnh sa vn bn c to ra. Phong cch ca danh sch ti liu tham kho output c minh ha trong phn dnh cho ti liu tham kho ca ti liu ny.
5.2
Cc li thng gp
BIBTEX vit mi trng thebibliography cho mt file .bbl. Nu bn gy mt li trong file .bib, th li ny s c copy vo file .bbl. Cn nu bn sa li trong file .bib, nhng bn vn gp li trong khi bin dch ti liu, th xa file .bbl i. Hy nh dng du trch dn kp hoc ngoc mc gii hn ni in tn trong file .bib. Hy nh t mt du phy cui mi vng in tn ngoi tr l dng cui cng. Phi chc rng bn ch dng ch ci v cc ch s trong phn t kha.
A K hiu ch thch (%) trong L TEX khng cn l mt k hiu ch thch trong file .bib file.
Nu bn in tn vo cc khu vc in tn trong file .bib nhng n khng xut hin trong danh mc tham kho, th phi kim tra li vng in tn l yu cu hay la chn cho kiu danh mc ang s dng.
17
[3] N. L. C. Talbot and G. C. Cawley. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara, California, USA, Oct. 1997. [4] R. B. Wainwright. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam. In A. H. W. Hauschild and K. L. Dodds, editors, Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, chapter 12, pages 305322. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
18
[3] TALBOT, N. L. C., AND CAWLEY, G. C. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh (Santa Barbara, California, USA, Oct. 1997). [4] WAINWRIGHT, R. B. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam. In Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, A. H. W. Hauschild and K. L. Dodds, Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993, ch. 12, pp. 305 322.
19
A [GRM97] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. The L TEX graphics companion: Ti liu minh ha vi TEX v PostScript. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 1997.
[TC97]
Nicola L. C. Talbot and Gavin C. Cawley. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara, California, USA, October 1997. Robert B. Wainwright. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam. In Andreas H. W. Hauschild and Karen L. Dodds, editors, Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, chapter 12, pages 305322. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
[Wai93]
20
[2] N. L. C. Talbot and G. C. Cawley, Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha, in Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, (Santa Barbara, California, USA), Oct. 1997. [3] G. C. Cawley and N. L. C. Talbot, Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu, I.E.E. Electronic Letters, vol. 32, pp. 1343 1344, July 1996. [4] R. B. Wainwright, c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam, in Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm (A. H. W. Hauschild and K. L. Dodds, eds.), ch. 12, pp. 305322, Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
21
[3] Nicola L. C. Talbot and Gavin C. Cawley. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara, California, USA, October 1997. [4] Robert B. Wainwright. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam. In Andreas H. W. Hauschild and Karen L. Dodds, editors, Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, chapter 12, pages 305322. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
22
[2] Nicola L. C. Talbot and Gavin C. Cawley. Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara, California, USA, October 1997. [3] Gavin C. Cawley and Nicola L. C. Talbot. Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters, 32(15):13431344, July 1996. [4] Robert B. Wainwright. c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam. In Andreas H. W. Hauschild and Karen L. Dodds, editors, Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, chapter 12, pages 305322. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
23
Talbot, N. L. C. and Cawley, G. C. (1997). Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha. In Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh Quc t v x l hnh nh, Santa Barbara, California, USA. Wainwright, R. B. (1993). c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam. In Hauschild, A. H. W. and Dodds, K. L., editors, Clostridium botulinum: Sinh thi v kim sot thc phm, chapter 12, pages 305322. Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Chng 6
nh dng
6.1 Khong trng kp
Khong trng kp thng khng c chp nhn trong th gii ca phng php sp ch hin i, tuy nhin n thng l mt yu cu khi bn vit mt lun n Tin S v n cho php ngi chm c ch ghi nhn xt. Khong trng kp c th thu c bng cch dng mt trong hai mi trng spacing c nh ngha trong gi doublespace hoc bng cch nh ngha li gi tr ca \baselinestretch. Gi tr ny ph thuc vo kch c font ch (xem bng Table 6.1). tr v li ch khong trng n, t cho \baselinestretch gi tr l 1. Bng 6.1: Gi tr khong trng kp cho \baselinestretch Kch c font \baselinestretch 10pt 1.67 11pt 1.62 12pt 1.66
6.2
Phong cch trang tiu c to bi lnh \maketitle c th khng ph hp vi qui nh ca cc trng i Hc, nu gp phi vn ny th bn nn chuyn qua dng mi trng titlepage. V d: \begin{titlepage} \begin{center} \vspace*{1in} {\LARGE Mt V D Mu v Lun n Tin S} \par \vspace{1.5in} {\large Tn ca Bn} \par \vfill Lun n Tin S Ha Hc \par \vspace{0.5in} Trung Tm Tnh Ton Ha Hc L Thuyt \par \vspace{0.5in} i Hc Quc Gia, Tp. HCM \par \vspace{0.5in} 24
CHNG 6. NH DNG Thng 10 nm 2005 \end{center} \end{titlepage} Kt qu output c minh ha trong Hnh 6.1. Tham vn gio vin hng dn ca bn v nh dng ca trang tiu c yu cu nh th no.
25
6.3
A Trch dn vn bn u vo ca L TEX
C i khi bn mun trch dn vn bn m n gi nguyn dng th nh khi bn nhp ngun vo editor. V d bn mun gn mt on m ca my tnh vo ti liu. iu ny c th thc hin bng mi trng verbatim.
\begin{verbatim} #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf{"The chemistry website of vietnam\n"}; return 1; } \end{verbatim}
cho ra dng output nh sau: #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf{"The chemistry website of vietnam\n"}; return 1; } Ni dung ca mt file cng c th c trch dn nguyn bn s dng lnh \verbatiminput{tn file}
nh ngha
c nh ngha trong gi lnh verbatim . V d: \verbatiminput{chem.tex} th trong chem.tex l tn ca file (nh dng gch xin sau / lm phn cch cc th mc). Ch : Khng thch hp c nhiu vn bn kiu ny trong lun n ca bn. iu c th lm cho nhng ngi chm bc mnh, nu nh bn nh km tng trang ca cc on m ca lun n lm cho ti liu giy hn (bn tham lam qu) th cng khng la c my ngi chm u. Nu bn mun nh km cc on m cn thit hy tham vn vi gio vin ca bn (cng ng cu x my trang c cha cc on m ngun y, chng s khng thng cm vi bn cht no u) xem c thch hp nh km chng hay khng.
6.4
Mi trng tabbing
Tab l g? Xin tha Tab tn ca mt phm trn bn phm. Trong cc ng dng nh x l bng tnh nh Excel, Quarto Pro, Statgraphic Plus, Multisimplex . . . Phm ny c tc dng di chuyn con tr t ny sang khc. Hay trong cc chng trnh x l vn bn nh Ms Word, Open Office, Word perfect, AbiWord v thm ch phm ny cng c hiu lc trong cc editor m bn ang dng nhp ngun cho lun n . . . . Phm ny c tc dng di chuyn con tr theo mt khong cch xc nh v bn phi, v khong cch ny c mc nh hay do ngi dng
CHNG 6. NH DNG
26
V D Mu v Lun n Tin S
Tn ca Bn
Lun n Tin S Ha Hc
Thng 10 nm 2005
CHNG 6. NH DNG
27
thit lp sn. Mi trng tabbing cho php bn to cc im dng tab do bn c th tab n mt khong cch mc nh no t l tri. Trong mi trng tabbing bn c th dng lnh \= mc nh im dng tab, v lnh \> nhy n im dng k tip, v lnh \< di chuyn ngc li im dng trc , \+ di l tri sang phi mt tab v lnh \- di l tri sang tri mt tab, lnh \\ s bt u mt dng mi v \kill dng thit lp bt c im dng tab trong dng hin ti nhng n khng t ng sp hng. V d: 1. y l v d u tin t ra ba im dng tab:
\begin{tabbing} Zero \=Mt \=Hai \=Ba\\ \>im dng tab u tin\\ \>A\>\>B\\ \>\>im dng tab th 2 \end{tabbing} N cho ra output nh sau: Zero Mt Hai Ba im dng tab th nht A B im dng tab th 2
\begin{tabbing} AAA \=BBBB \=XX \=YYYYYY \=Z \kill \>\>\>im dng tab th 3\\ \>a \>\>b \>c \end{tabbing} Cho ra output nh sau: im dng tab th 3 b c
6.5
Cc nh l v thut ton
Mt lun n Tin S thng cha cc nh l, b v cc nh ngha . . . Nhng cu trc ny thng c to ra nh lnh \newtheorem{type}{tiu }[b m vng ngoi]
nh ngha
trong type l kiu cu trc ti liu ca bn (v d nh l), tiu l t c in m dng u ca cu trc (v d: nh l) v nu c mt argument la chn b m vng ngoi, th b m ca cu trc s da trn b m vng ngoi (nh trong b argument la chn \newcounter). Bn nn nh ngha nh l mi ca ca bn trong phn preamble hay trong mt gi lnh hoc trong class file. Khi bn nh ngha nh l mi ca bn, mt mi trng mi c to ra theo tn ca kiu cu trc. Mi trng ny c mt argument la chn m bn c th dng nh r mt u cho cu trc. V d:
CHNG 6. NH DNG
28
\newtheorem{theorem}{nh l} \begin{theorem} Nu $\lambda$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}$ vi vector ring $\vec{\xi}$, th $\lambda^n$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}^n$ vi vector ring $\vec{\xi}$. \end{theorem} Cho ra output nh sau: nh l 1 Nu l mt gi tr ring ca B vi vector ring , th n l mt gi tr ring ca Bn vi vector ring .
A TEX for Complete Novices [5] nu bn khng bit nh ngha li lnh \vec vector xut (Xem thm L hin di dng in m).
\newtheorem{theorem}{nh l}[chapter] \begin{theorem} Nu $\lambda$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}$ vi vector ring $\vec{\xi}$, th $\lambda^n$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}^n$ vi vector ring $\vec{\xi}$. \end{theorem} s cho ra output: nh l 6.1 Nu l mt gi tr ring B vi vector ring , th n l mt gi tr ring ca Bn vi vector ring .
\newtheorem{theorem}{nh l}[chapter] \begin{theorem}[Cc ly tha vector ring] Nu $\lambda$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}$ vi vector ring $\vec{\xi}$, th $\lambda^n$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}^n$ vi vector ring $\vec{\xi}$. \end{theorem} s cho ra output: nh l 6.1 (Cc ly tha vector ring) Nu l mt gi tr ring ca B vi vector ring , th n l mt gi tr ring ca Bn vi vector ring .
CHNG 6. NH DNG
29
4. Trong v d ny, mt cu trc thut ton c to ra. Lnh \hfill\par c dng ngn chn mi trng tabbing t vic nhy vo trong tiu ca thut ton.
\newtheorem{algorithm}{Thut ton} \begin{algorithm}[Thut ton Gauss-Seidel ] \hfill\par \begin{tabbing} 1. \=Cho $k=1$ n s ln nht ca cc vng lp\\ \>2. Cho \=$i=1$ n $n$\\ \>\>Set \begin{math} x_i^{(k)} = \frac{b_i-\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}a_{ij}x_j^{(k)} -\sum_{j=i+1}^{n}a_{ij}x_j^{(k-1)}}% {a_{ii}} \end{math} \\ \>3. Nu $\|\vec{x}^{(k)}-\vec{x}^{(k-1)}\| < \epsilon$, trong $\epsilon$ l gii hn dng xc nh, stop. \end{tabbing} \end{algorithm}
S cho ra output sau: Gii thut 1 ( Gii thut Gauss-Seidel ) 1. Cho k = 1 n s ln nht ca cc vng lp 2. Cho i = 1 n n
j =i+1 j j =1 j Set xi = aii (k ) (k1) 3. Nu x x < , trong l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
(k )
P (k) P bi i1 aij x n
aij x
(k1)
V d trn trong khng ng, cc thut gii c xu hng hin th kiu font ch thng ng ch khng phi l ch in nghing. Gi lnh asmthm m rng chc nng ca lnh \newtheorem v cung cp ba kiu nh l: plain Tiu v s dng in m, thn vn bn c in nghing (mc nh). definition Tiu v s dng in m, thn vn bn dng font thng thng. remark Tiu v s dng in nghing, thn vn bn dng font thng thng. V v d trn c th chuyn qua:
CHNG 6. NH DNG \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{algorithm}{Thut ton} \begin{algorithm}[Thut Ton Gauss-Seidel ] \hfill\par \begin{tabbing} 1. \=Cho $k=1$ n s ln nht ca cc vng lp\\ \>2. Cho \=$i=1$ n $n$\\ \>\>Set \begin{math} x_i^{(k)} = \frac{b_i-\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}a_{ij}x_j^{(k)} -\sum_{j=i+1}^{n}a_{ij}x_j^{(k-1)}}% {a_{ii}} \end{math} \\ \>3. Nu $\|\vec{x}^{(k)}-\vec{x}^{(k-1)}\| < \epsilon$, trong $\epsilon$ l gii hn dng xc nh, stop. \end{tabbing} \end{algorithm}
30
S cho output nh sau: Thut ton 1 (Thut ton Gauss-Seidel ) 1. Cho k = 1 n s ln nht ca cc vng lp 2. Cho i = 1 n n
j =i+1 j j =1 j Set xi = aii (k ) (k1) 3. Nu x x < , trong l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
(k )
P (k) P bi i1 aij x n
aij x
(k1)
(Bn c th download thesis7.tex lm v d.) Mt la chn khc l nu bn mun cc gii thut hin th nh cc hnh v cc bng bn c th dng lnh \newfloat c nh ngha trong gi lnh float (ca Anselm Lingnau): \newfloat{type}{placement }{ext }[outer counter ]
nh ngha
trong type l tn mi ca float ca bn, placement l b sp xp mc nh (t, b, p v h), ext l phn m rng cho danh sch ca type v nh cp, s c mt ca b m xc nh rng b m c lin quan n float mi ph thuc vo b m vng ngoi. Bn cng c th nh r phong cch mi cho cc float mi ca bn bng lnh: \floatstyle{style}
nh ngha
trc khi nh ngha float mi ca bn, trong style c th l mt trong nhng: plain Ging nh cc mi trng chun figure v table float, ngoi tr nhn t cui mi float. boxed Thn ca float c t trong hp, v u th c in ra di ci hp y. ruled u c in bn trn vi hai ng k trn v di n v c thm mt ng k na cui float. Tn lin quan n mt float c nh ngha bng lnh sau: \tn ca float{type}{tn}
nh ngha
CHNG 6. NH DNG danh sch ca type c th c to ra bng lnh sau: \danh sch{type}{tiu }
nh ngha
31
Do vy thay v nh ngha mi trng algorithm dng \newtheorem, chng ta c th nh ngha n dng \newfloat nh di y: \floatstyle{ruled} \newfloat{algorithm}{htbp}{loa} \floatname{algorithm}{Thut ton} \begin{algorithm} \caption{ Thut ton Gauss-Seidel } \label{alg:GS} \begin{tabbing} 1. \=Cho $k=1$ n cc vng lp ln nht\\ \>2. Cho \=$i=1$ n $n$\\ \>\>Set \begin{math} x_i^{(k)} = \frac{b_i-\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}a_{ij}x_j^{(k)} -\sum_{j=i+1}^{n}a_{ij}x_j^{(k-1)}}{a_{ii}} \end{math} \\ \>3. Nu $\|\vec{x}^{(k)}-\vec{x}^{(k-1)}\| < \epsilon$, trong $\epsilon$ l gii hn dng xc nh, stop. \end{tabbing} \end{algorithm} S cho ra output nh sau: Thut ton 1 Thut ton Gauss-Seidel 1. Cho k = 1 n cc vng lp ln nht 2. Cho i = 1 n n
j =i+1 j j =1 j Set xi = aii (k ) (k1) 3. Nu x x < , trong l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
(k )
P (k) P bi i1 aij x n
aij x
(k1)
Dng sau y c th i sau cc hnh nh v cc bng: \listof{algorithm}{Danh sch cc thut ton} (Bn c th download thesis8.tex lm mt v d.)
Chng 7
7.1
To ch mc
\index{entry (danh mc)}
nh ngha
c dng lp bng ch dn entry mt im no trong ti liu. V d, on m sau: Cc vector ring\index{vector ring} c nh ngha \ldots s cho ra output Cc vector ring c nh ngha . . . v t danh mc vector ring trong file .idx file vi s trang lin kt. Gi lnh makeidx cung cp lnh \printindex m n c t trong ti liu ni m bn mun in ra ch mc. Lnh \makeindex s lm cho mi lnh \index ghi mt thng tin xc thc ln file .idx. File ny s c x l bi chng trnh makeindex to ra mt file .ind cha mt mi trng theindex. Sau file ny c c bi lnh \printindex vo ln bin dch ti liu ti. Nu bn dng TeXnicCenter bn s cn chn uses makeindex khi bn to mt project mi, cn nu bn dng ch dng lnh bn cn lm nh sau: latex filename.tex makeindex filename.idx latex filename.tex (trong filename tn file ca ti liu bn ang son, v d thesis) Nu bn cng ang dng BIBTEX, bn cn tin hnh:
32
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG latex filename.tex bibtex filename makeindex filename.idx latex filename.tex latex filename.tex
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Tht l mt tng hay to cc sub-entries (danh mc con) trong bng ch mc, nhm gip ngi c d dng tra cu. V d, bn mun lp danh mc thut ng matrix (ma trn), nhng ti liu ca bn li cp n nhiu loi ma trn khc nhau nh, ma trn cho, khi v ma trn cng tuyn. Trong trng hp ny th tt nht ch lp danh mc t matrix lm t tng qut, v c mt danh mc con cho cc loi ma trn ring bit do vy danh mc cho t matrix c to ra s nhn ging nh th ny. ma trn, 4, 10, 2224 cho, 12 khi, 20, 24 cng tuyn, 33 Mt danh mc con c th c to ra dng k t !. Nn danh mc nu trn c to ra dng cc lnh sau: Preamble (phn khai bo u ti liu): Trang 4: Trang 10: Trang 12: Trang 20: Trang 22: Trang 23: Trang 24: Trang 24: Trang 33: Kt thc vn bn: \makeindex \index{ma trn} \index{ma trn} \index{ma trn!cho} \index{ma trn!khi} \index{ma trn} \index{ma trn} \index{ma trn} \index{ma trn!khi} \index{ma trn!cng tuyn} \printindex
Ch rng cng cc danh mc trn cc trang 22, 23 v 24 c chuyn thnh mt khong 2224. i vi cc khong ln hn bn c th ch nh trang bt u ca khong bng cch gn |( vo ch cui ca danh mc trong ch mc, gn vo trang cui ca khong trang bng |) vi phn cui ca ch mc. V d: Phn khai bo: Trang 4: Trang 10: Trang 12: Trang 20: Trang 22: Trang 24: Trang 30: Trang 33: Kt thc ti liu: s cho ra trong output ca index nh sau: ma trn, 4, 10, 2230 cho, 12 khi, 20, 24 cng tuyn, 33 Mt danh sch ch mc c th truy vn n mt danh mc khc dng |see{reference}. V d, \index{Ma trn cng tuyn|xem{ma trn, cng tuyn}} s to ra danh mc ma trn cng tuyn, xem ma trn, cng tuyn \makeindex \index{ma trn} \index{ma trn} \index{ma trn!cho} \index{ma trn!khi} \index{ma trn|(} \index{ma trn!khi} \index{ma trn|)} \index{ma trn!cng tuyn} \printindex
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nh dng ca s trang c th thay i s dng |style trong style l tn ca lnh nh dng m khng c gch xin backslash. Gi nh rng trong v d trn, nh ngha ca mt ma trn c xc nh trn trang 10, v do bn c th mun s trang xut hin dng in m xc nh rng y l phn tham kho s cp. Lnh \textbf s in ra ch in m, nn bn cn gn lnh \textbf vo danh mc trong ch mc. V d, on m sau: Khai bo: Trang 4: Trang 10: Trang 12: Trang 20: Trang 22: Trang 24: Trang 30: Trang 33: Kt thc ti liu: s in ra output trong index (ch mc) nh sau: ma trn, 4, 10, 2230 cho, 12 khi, 20, 24 cng tuyn, 33 Chng trnh makeindex sp xp ch mc theo danh mc c xc nh, do t matrix (ma trn) s ng trc t modulus, nhng $mud$ s c sp xp trn cc k t $, \, m, u v sau l $, nn s ng trc matrix. iu ny c th khng thch hp, do vy c th xc nh cch sp xp ch mc ring bit dng k t @: \index{mu@$\mu$} Trong trng hp ny vic sp xp c thc hin trn chui mu, nn n s xut hin sau t modulus, nhng n A s xut hin trong ch mc l . bit thm thng tin v cch to ch mc bn hy c the L TEX users guide [3], A A The L TEX Companion [1] hoc A Guide to L TEX [2]. \makeindex \index{ma trn} \index{ma trn|textbf} \index{ma trn!cho} \index{ma trn!khi} \index{ma trn|(} \index{ma trn!khi} \index{ma trn|)} \index{ma trn!cng tuyn} \printindex
7.1.1
Ti mun a k t @, ! hoc | vo trong ch mc nhng khng thy u c. Nu bn mun a nhng k t ny vo ch mc bn cn b cc k t ny vo du trch dn kp . V d: \index{"@} s a k t @ vo ch mc. Ti c nhiu danh mc trong mt mc. V d: matrix, 10, 22-30 matrix, 4 Kim tra xem argument bn dng cho mi lnh \index tng ng phi cng mt argument, ch khong trng v lnh makeindex s x l cc danh mc sau theo nhng cch khc nhau: \index{matrix} \index{ matrix} \index{matrix }
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7.2
C sn mt s gi lnh h tr vic to mt bng ch gii thut ng (glossary), l cc gi makeglos (tng A t nh cc gi lnh makeidx), glossary, glosstex v gloss. Hai gi u dng L TEX dng kt hp vi A makeindex, gi th 3 (glosstex) dng LTEX kt hp vi makeindex v glosstex trong khi gi th A t (gloss) dng L TEX kt hp vi BIBTEX. Ti liu ny ch m t v makeglos v glossary, chng c dng tng t nh makeidx. Nu bn quan tm n cc gi lnh khc bn nn c cc ti liu nh km. Mt bng ch gii thut ng cng c to ra ging nh cch to ra mt ch mc, ngoi tr bn dng lnh \makeglossary thay v dng \makeindex v dng lnh \glossary thay cho \index. C hai gi lnh makeglos v glossary cung cp lnh \printglossary, tng t nh \printindex.
7.2.1
Gi lnh makeglos
Khai bo : Trang 2 : Trang 3 : Trang 4 : \makeglossary \glossary{tp hp: mt b su tp cc i tng} \glossary{phn t: s i tng trong mt tp hp} \glossary{tp hp hn tp: cha mi th}
Xem xt v d sau:
Bin dch ti liu ny s to ra mt file vi tn m rng .glo cha thng tin chi tit v bng ch gii thut ng. Bn c th dng chng trnh makeindex x l nhng danh mc trong bng ny, nhng bn cn iu chnh mt cht. 1. Bn cn to mt makeindex style file (file phong cch) mi m n thng bo cho makeindex tm kim \danh mc thut ng thay v \danh mc trong ch mc, v to mi trng theglossary thay cho mi trng theindex. Hy gi makeindex style file mi ny l thesisglo.ist. u tin chng ta cn t t kha "\\glossaryentry": t ka "\\glossaryentry" by gi chng ta cn thay i khai bo sang "\\begin{theglossary}\n" v phn khai bo ph tr "\n\n\\end{theglossary}\n": khai bo "\\begin{theglossary}\n" khai bo ph tr "\n\n\\end{theglossary}\n" By gi chng ta cn thng bo cho makeindex dng phong cch ny s dng chn la -s, v bn cng cn nh r file output, n nn c dng m rng l .gls, s dng chn la -s: makeindex -o thesis.gls -s thesisglo.ist thesis.glo
A (Gi s rng ti liu chnh c cha filethesis.tex v bn chy L TEX trc khi gi chng trnh makeindex.) Ch rng bn ang dng thesis.glo ( c to ra bi cc lnh \glossary) m khng phi l file thesis.idx (c to ra bi cc lnh \index)
2. Theo mc nh, makeindex s dng file vi phn m rng l .ilg nh log file, c th bn mun i file ny trnh xung t vi index log file. V d, bn mun gi log file ca bng ch gii thut ng thesis.glg: makeindex -t thesis.glg -o thesis.gls -s thesisglo.ist thesis.glo y l mt v d dng gi makeglos: File sample.tex: \documentclass[a4paper]{report} \usepackage{makeglos} \makeglossary \begin{document}
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG \printglossary \chapter{Gii thiu} Mt tp hp\glossary{tp hp: B su tp cc i tng} thng c biu th trong mt font th php, v d $\mathcal{S}$. Phn t ca tp hp\glossary{phn t ca tp hp: S cc i tng trong tp hp} ca $\mathcal{S}$ c k hiu l $|\mathcal{S}|$. Tp hp hn tp\glossary{tp hp hn tp: Cha mi th} th thng c k hiu l $\mathcal{U}$ \end{document} File ca makeindex l style file, sample.ist, s ging nh th ny: t kha "\\glossaryentry" khai bo "\\begin{theglossary}\n" khai bo b tr "\\end{theglossary}\n" Sau bn cn thc hin latex sample.tex % bin makeindex -t sample.glg % to ch mc, bng tra latex sample.tex % bin dch file sample.tex -o sample.gls -s sample.ist sample.glo cu thut ng theo cc la chn. dch li file sample.tex
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Tiu ca bng tra cu thut ng (tn mc nh l: Glossary) c th thay i bng cch nh ngha li lnh \glossaryname. Nu bn mun bt c on vn bn no xut hin u bng tra cu thut ng bn ch cn nh ngha li lnh \glossaryintro. nh dng ca argument cho lnh \glossary command th tng t nh vi \index, do bn c th dng @ ch cch sp xp danh mc, dng | ch nh lm cch no nh dng s trang lin i v ! dng xc nh cc danh mc con (mc d iu ny khng thch hp cho mt bng tra cu thut ng). Nu bn gp rc ri, hy tham kho mc 7.1.1 tm bin php tho g trn trang 34. Bn cng c th download file sau: thesis9.tex v thesisglo.ist s minh ha cho v d ny.
7.2.2
Gi lnh glossary
Gi lnh glossary cng nh ngha lnh \printglossary, nhng n nh ngha li lnh \glossary bn c th tch tn ca danh mc v m t tng ng ca n, dng mt tp hp ca t kha= cp gi tr. Nhng key sau y lun sn c: tn m t sp xp nh dng Tn ca danh mc Mt m t ca danh mc Lm sao sp xp danh mc. (Danh mc thng c t tn theo mc nh) Cch nh dng s trang
V d phn trn c th thay i thnh: Khai bo : Trang 2 : Trang 3 : Trang 4 : \makeglossary \glossary{tn su \glossary{tn i \glossary{tn tp = tp hp,m t = mt b tp cc i tng} = phn t ca tp hp, m t = s tng trong mt tp hp} = tp hp hn tp, m t = hp cha mi th}
Gi lnh glossary to style file makeindex .ist style file ty bin cho ti liu ca bn, nn bn khng cn lo lng to n na. Theo mc nh tn ca file .ist s c cng tn gc vi tn ti liu ca bn, do nu ti liu ca bn c tn l sample.tex th file ny s c tn l sample.ist tn ny s c to ra khi bn bin dch file gc sample.tex. Nh trn bn cn lm: latex sample.tex % bin makeindex -t sample.glg % to ch mc, bng tra latex sample.tex % bin dch file sample.tex -o sample.gls -s sample.ist sample.glo cu thut ng theo cc la chn. dch li file sample.tex
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG Bn c th dng Perl script makeglos c cung cp trong version 2.0 ca gi lnh glossary: latex sample.tex makeglos sample.glo latex sample.tex
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Phong cch ca bng tra cu thut ng c th ty bin. Nh trn tiu ca bng tra cu cc thut ng (tn mc nh l Glossary) c th thay i bng cch nh ngha li lnh \glossaryname. Phong cch ca bng tra cu thut ng c th thay i dng cc la chn ca gi lnh m cc la chn ny c dng t kha=gi tr : style Phong cch ca mi trng theglossary. Cc gi tr: list dng mi trng m t trong bng tra cu thut ng super dng mi trng supertabular (bn l ngi s dng TEX chc bn bit tabular ngha l g ri) trong bng tra cu thut ng long dng mi trng bng di trong bng tra cu thut ng (mc nh) header header ca bng tra cu thut ng. Cc gi tr: none bng tra cu thut ng khng c tiu trang (Mc nh) plain bng tra cu thut ng c tiu trang border ng vin ca Bng tra cu thut ng. Cc gi tr: none Bng tra cu thut ng khng c ng vin (Mc nh) plain ng vin xung quanh ca Bng tra cu thut ng cols S ct. Cc gi tr: 2 Tn ca danh mc v ch gii nm hai ct ring bit, vi s trang lin i nm cng ct vi ch gii (Mc nh). 3 Tn danh mc, ch gii v cc trang lin i nm trong ba ct ring bit. number S trang lin i tng ng vi mi gi tr ca danh mc1 . Cc gi tr : page Mi danh mc mt trang tng ng ni m danh mc c t. (Mc nh) section Mi danh mc c nh s mt mc tng ng ni m danh mc c nh ngha. none Cc con s tng ng c lc bt. toc Bin boolean2 true In Bng tra cu thut ng vo mc lc false Khng in Bng tra cu thut ng vo mc lc (mc nh) Ch rng nu bn nh r la chn ny bn cn bin dch li ti liu thm hai ln na sau khi to Bng tra cu thut ng. hyper Bin boolean3 true To cc s lin i vi mt lin kt siu vn bn false Khng to cc s lin i vi mt lin kt siu vn bn Nu gi lnh hyperref c ti trc khi ti gi glossary th hyper=true c t, nu khng n s c t mc nh hyper=false. Cc la chn border, header and cols khng nn dng trong vic lin kt vi style=list, chng ch c ngha vi la chn kiu bng. V d: \usepackage[style=long,cols=3,border=plain]{glossary}
1 la 2 la
chn ny ch c trong version 1.1 v cc version sau ny chn ny sn c trong version 2.0 v cc version sau ny 3 la chn ny sn c trong version 2.0511 v cc phin bn sau ny
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Nu bn mun chn thm thng tin u hay cui bng tra cu thut ng bn c th nh ngha li cc lnh \glossarypreamble v \glossarypostamble. Bn cng c th nh ngha thm cc i tng phong cch cho bng tra cu thut ng, nn bn s c thm la chn cho cch trnh by bng tra cu thut ng trong ti liu ca bn. V d, mt bng tra cu ca mt s thut ng v mt ch mc ca cc hm ton hoc ca cc k hiu. Bn c th download version mi nht ca gi lnh glossary ti http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac. uk/~nlct/latex/packages/index.html#glossary. Download download thesis10.tex lm v d.
Chng 8
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[4] The TEX Archive. http://www.tex.ac.uk/ (Cited on page 39.) [5] LaTeX for Complete Novices, Nicola Talbot. http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~nlct/latex/ novices/ (2004). (Cited on pages b, 1 and 28.)
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Ch mc
!, 33 , 34 \+, 27 \-, 27 \<, 27 \=, 27 \>, 27 \@chapter, 8 \@evenfoot, 10 \@evenhead, 10 \@makechapterhead, 8 \@makeschapterhead, 8 \@oddfoot, 10 \@oddhead, 10 \@schapter, 8 \@startsection, 7, 8 \abstractname, 7 \addcontentsline, 9 algorithm mi trng, 31 \appendixname, 7 bng tra cu thut ng, 32 \baselinestretch, 24 \bibitem, 12 \bibliography, 11, 15 \bibliographystyle, 11 \bibname, 7 cc gi lnh (.sty) afterpage, 39 apalike, 16, 23 asmthm, 29 backref, 16 backrefx, 16 doublespace, 24 fancyhdr, 10 float, 30 gloss, 35 glossary, 3538 glosstex, 35 graphicx, 6 hyperref, 16, 37 makeglos, 35 makeidx, 32, 34, 35 verbatim, 25 Cc la chn cho class file oneside, 10 twoside, 10 Ch mc, 32 41 \Chng, 6 \chapter, 8, 9 \chaptername, 7 \cite, 11, 12, 16 class file (.cls) article, 6 cmpreprt, 7 mythesis, 6 report, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10 slide, 6 \clearpage, 39 \contentsname, 7 \danh mc thut ng, 35 \danh mc trong ch mc, 35 \danh sch, 31 \endinput, 6 figure mi trng, 30 \figurename, 7 \floatstyle, 30 \glossary, 35, 36 \glossaryintro, 36 \glossaryname, 36, 37 \glossarypostamble, 38 \glossarypreamble, 38 H2VN, b \include, 4 \includeonly, 4 \index, 32, 3436 \indexname, 7 \itshape, 7 kiu in tn cho ti liu tham kho n bn, 13 a ch, 13 address, 13 author, 13 booktitle, 13 ch gii, 13 ch thch, 13 chng, 13 chapter, 13 edition, 13 howpublished, 13 institution, 13
CH MC journal, 13 kiu, 13 loi, 13 month, 13 nm, 13 ngi bin tp, 13 ngi hiu nh, 13 nh xut bn, 13 note, 13 number, 13 organization, 13 pages, 13 publisher, 13 s ra, 13 school, 13 series, 13 tc gi, 12, 13 tm tt ni dung ti liu, 12 tn sch, 13 tn t chc, 13 tp, 13 tp ch, 13 thng, 13 th loi, 13 tiu , 12, 13 tiu sch, 13 title, 13 trng, 13 trang, 13 trung tm nghin cu, 13 type, 13 volume, 13 xut bn th no, 13 kiu danh mc trong ti liu tham kho article, 12, 13 book, 12, 13 booklet, 12, 13 conference, 12 inbook, 12, 13 incollection, 12, 13 inproceedings, 12, 13 manual, 12, 13 mastersthesis, 12, 13 misc, 12, 13 phdthesis, 12, 13 proceedings, 12, 13 techreport, 12, 13 unpublished, 12, 13 \kill, 27 \listfigurename, 7 \listtablename, 7 \LoadClass, 6 lof, 9 lot, 9 \mc, 6 ma trn, 33 \makeglossary, 35 \makeindex, 32, 34, 35 makeindex, 32 \maketitle, 24 \newcounter, 27 \newfloat, 30, 31 \newtheorem, 27, 29, 31 \pagestyle, 10 \paragraph, 8 \part, 8 \partname, 7 phong cch ti liu tham kho(.bst) abbrv, 11, 17 acm, 18 alpha, 11, 19 apalike, 16, 23 ieeetr, 20 plain, 11, 21 unsrt, 11, 22 vit tt, 12 phong cch trang empty, 9 headings, 9, 10 myheadings, 9 plain, 9 thesis, 10 \printglossary, 35, 36 \printindex, 32, 34, 35 \ps@empty, 10 \ps@plain, 10 \ps@thesis, 10 \secdef, 8 secnumdepth, 8 \section, 7 \setcounter, 8, 9 spacing mi trng, 24 \subsection, 7 \tn ca float, 30 tabbing mi trng, 27, 29 table mi trng, 30 \tablename, 7 thebibliography mi trng, 11, 12, 16 theglossary mi trng, 35, 37 theindex mi trng, 32, 35 \thispagestyle, 10 titlepage mi trng, 24 toc, 9 tocdepth, 9 \vec, 28 vector ring, 32 verbatim mi trng, 25 \verbatiminput, 25 VietTUG, b VnTEX, b VNOSS, b
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