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NHIT NG LC HC K THUT
(Thermodynamics)
thermodynamics
Thi lng/s tn ch: 14 tun/2 tn ch Cch thc nh gi kt qu hc tp: 2 bi kim tra trc nghim (15%/mt bi) Kim tra gia hc k: 20% ( thi trc nghim thi gian: 45 pht ). Thi cui k: 50% ( thi vit thi gian: 90 pht ). Ti liu tham kho:
[1] Hong nh Tn , L Ch Hip - Nhit ng lc hc k thut, NXB KHKT 1997. [2] Hong nh Tn, Bi Hi - Bi tp Nhit ng lc hc KT v truyn nhit, NXB HQG Tp HCM - 2002. [3] Yunus A.Cengel, Micheal A. Boles - Thermodynamics, An Engineer Approach, International Edition - 1994. [4] David Halliday- Robert Resnick- Fearl Walker - Fundamentals of Physics, Wiley Publisher.
thermodynamics
1/22/2013
CHNG 1: M U
thermodynamics
Ni dung
Gii thiu mn hc Khi nim & nh ngha Thuyt ng hc phn t Cc thng s trng thi Phng trnh trng thi ca vt cht th kh Hn hp kh l tng
thermodynamics
1/22/2013
1. Gii thiu mn hc
C Nng Nhit nng
Nhit ng lc hc k thut
thermodynamics
H nhit ng
Ngun nhit
Cht mi gii Trng thi v trng thi cn bng Qu trnh thun nghch v khng thun nghch Pha v cht thun khit
thermodynamics
1/22/2013
H nhit ng
H nhit ng Kn H on nhit C lp 0 0 0 0 Khi lng 0 Cng Nhit lng
thermodynamics
Ngun nng
Q1
Ngun nng
ng c nhit Q2
Cng W
My lnh, bm nhit
Cng W
Ngun lnh
Ngun lnh
8
thermodynamics
1/22/2013
Cht mi gii
Kh l tng:
Th tch bn thn ca cc phn t kh bng khng. Lc tng tc gia cc phn t kh bng khng.
thermodynamics
M hnh ca Joule
Cc phn t kh ch chuyn ng tnh tin, tc ca cc phn t bng nhau theo mi phng. B qua tng tc gia cc phn t, b qua nh hng ca trng trng Phng trnh biu din trng thi ca cht kh:
. = Vi
. .
. .
= ()
Nu p =const, V t l thun vi T (L Charles v Gay Lussac) Nu T = const, p.V = const (nh lut Boyle)
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thermodynamics
1/22/2013
Nhit p sut Th tch ring v khi lng ring Ni nng Enthalpy Entropy
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thermodynamics
Nhit
L thng s biu th mc nng hay lnh ca mt vt. Thng s quy nh mc chuyn ng ca dng nhit.
L thc o ng nng trung bnh ca v s cc phn t ang chuyn ng tnh tin (i vi kh l tng) . . = . . k = 1,3805.1023 J/K - hng s Boltzmann
Video
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thermodynamics
1/22/2013
Nhit
Cc thang o nhit
Thang nhit Thang nhit bch phn Fahrenheit (Celcius scale) (Fahrenheit scale) n v Chuyn i
oC oF
Thang nhit tuyt i (Thermodynamic temperature scale) Thang nhit Kelvin K T(K) = t(oC) + 273,15 Thang nhit Rankine
oR
t(oC)
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thermodynamics
p sut
n v:
H SI: N/m2(Pa); kgf/cm2, mH2O, mmHg, bar, at. H I.P: inHg, psi, tonf/in2. Bng chuyn i n v: bng 1.1/trang 23, TL[1] p sut d pd (gage pressure) chn khng pck (vacuum pressure) p sut kh quyn po (atmosphere pressure) p sut tuyt i p (absolute pressure)
Chn khng tuyt i
Phn loi:
p sut tuyt i
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thermodynamics
1/22/2013
p sut
Cc thit b o p sut
thermodynamics
16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Khi lng ring (kg/m) Nc Du Thy ngn
Trong :
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thermodynamics
1/22/2013
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thermodynamics
Ni nng:
L tt c cc thnh phn nng lng ca h nhit ng lin quan n cc phn t vi m ca h (nguyn t v phn t).
H SI (International system of unit): J (Joule) H I.P (Imperial unit): BTU (British thermal unit) 1 BTU = 1,055 kJ * Tnh cho mt 1kg mi cht u = U/G (J/kg)
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thermodynamics
1/22/2013
Enthalpy:
= + . ( )
i vi kh l tng: i = f(T) dS = 0 khi QT thay i trng thi ca mi cht l on nhit thun nghch. dS =
(.)
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thermodynamics
Quan h gia cc thng s trng thi p,v,T ca kh l tng Phng trnh Clapeyron (1799 1864):
p: p sut tuyt i ca cht kh (N/m2, Pa) : th tch ng vi 1 kmol cht kh (m3/kmol). v: th tch ring ca cht kh (m3/kg). : hng s ph bin ca cht kh - = 8314J/(kmol.K) R: hng s cht kh R = = . G: khi lng khi kh (kg) T: nhit tuyt i ca khi kh (K)
Video
20
thermodynamics
10
1/22/2013
6. Hn hp kh l tng
Hn hp kh l tng: cc mi cht thnh phn bn trong u l kh l tng v c trn ln li theo kiu c hc. Vd: khng kh, sn phm chy
VD: Khi khng kh c cha trong bnh kn c th tch V = 1m3 v nhit t = 35oC. Xc nh nhit v th tch ca cc kh thnh phn trong khi kh ni trn.
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thermodynamics
6. Hn hp kh l tng
Hn hp kh l tng gm n kh thnh phn. Thnh phn khi = lng
/ ( )
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thermodynamics
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1/22/2013
6. Hn hp kh l tng
nh lut Gibbs-Dalton
=
=
Video
nh lut Gibbs Dalton cng c pht biu cho enthalpy v entropy v ni nng ca kh l tng
=
=
;
=
= =
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thermodynamics
6. Hn hp kh l tng
Cc i lng c trng ca hn hp
Hn hp kh c n kh, thnh phn khi lng v th tch ca kh th i l: gi, ri. Khi lng tng ng vi 1kmol hn hp (kg/kmol) Hng s cht kh R ca hn hp Rhh (J/kg.K) Theo thnh phn khi lng = ( / ) =
=
=
= . (
=
= /(
=
. )
=
=
=
=
= . .
thermodynamics
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1/22/2013
KT THC CHNG 1
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thermodynamics
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