S GD & t ngh an

Trng THPT ng thc ha

6 6
sin4x + cos2x
dx
sin x + cos x






tch phn

( ) ( )

6 6
8 8
x +1 - x -1
dx 1
= = dx
x +1 2 x +1
I = ...


Gio vin : Phm Kim Chung
T : Ton






Nm hc : 2007 - 2008

12
2007
bi ging tch phn Phm Kim Chung Trng THPT ng Thc Ha


_____________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 __________________________________ Trang 1
Thc ra trn mt t lm g c ng, ngi ta i lm th thnh ng thi !
- L Tn -
Vit mt cun ti liu rt kh, vit cho hay cho tm c li i hi c mt ng cp thc s ! Cng may ti khng c t tng ln ca
mt nh vit sch, cng khng hy vng mt iu g ln lao v ti bit nng lc v mn Ton l c hn .. Khi ti c tng vit ra nhng iu
ti gom nht c ti ch mong sao qua tng ngy mnh s lnh hi su hn v mn Ton s cp..qua tng tit hc nhng hc tr ca ti bt bn
khon, ng ngc hn.. V nu cn ai c bi vit ny ngha l u ti ang c nhng ngi thy, ngi bn cng chung mt nim am m s
diu k Ton hc .

Th gii mt bi ton kh... nhng cha tht hi lng !
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

6 6
2 2 8
4 2
x +1 - x - 1
dx 1
= dx =
x +1 2
x +1 - 2x

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )



2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
2 2 2 2
4 2 4 2
x +1 x - 2x +1 + 2 - 1 x x - 1 x - 2x +1 + 2 +1 x
1 1
dx + dx
2 2
x +1 - 2x x +1 - 2x

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

2 2 2 2
2 2
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
2 - 1 2 +1 x +1 x x - 1 x
1 x +1 1 x - 1
= dx + dx + dx +
2 2 2 2 x + 2x +1 x + 2x +1 x - 2x +1 x + 2x +1 x - 2x +1 x + 2x +1

2
2
1
1+
1
x
= dx
2 1
x - +2+ 2
x
( )

2
2 2
1
1+ dx
2 - 1
x
+
2
1 1
x - +2- 2 x - +2+ 2
x x
( )

2
2
1
1-
1
x
+ dx
2 1
x + - 2- 2
x
( )
( ) ( )

2
2 2
1
1- dx
2 +1
x
+
2
1 1
x + - 2+ 2 x + - 2- 2
x x







2
1
d x -
1 x
=
2 1
x - +2+ 2
x
( ) ( )








2 2
1 1
d x - d x -
2 - 1 2 - 1
x x
+ -
4 2 4 2
1 1
x - +2- 2 x - +2+ 2
x x
( )






2
1
d x +
1 x
+
2 1
x + - 2- 2
x
( )
( )
( )
( )








2 2
1 1
d x + d x +
2 +1 2 +1
x x
+ -
4 2 4 2
1 1
x + - 2+ 2 x + - 2- 2
x x







1 1
x + - 2- 2 x + - 2+ 2
2+ 2 2- 2 2- 2 2+ 2 x x
= u + v + ln + ln +C
1 1 8 8 16 16
x + + 2- 2 x + + 2+ 2
x x
( Vi
1
x - = 2+ 2tgu = 2- 2tgv
x
)
(Nu dng kt qu ny suy ngc c tm c li gii hay hn ?.. )

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 2
Phn l thuyt

O nh ngha : Gi s f(x) l mt hm s lin tc trn mt khong K, a v b l hai phn t bt k ca K, F(x) l
mt nguyn hm ca f(x) trn K . Hiu s F(b) - F(a) c gi l tch phn t a n b ca f(x) v c k hiu l
. Ta dng k hiu ( )

b
a
f x dx ( )
b
F x
a
ch hiu s : F(b) F(a)
Cng thc Newton Laipnit : ( )

b
a
f x dx = ( )
b
F x
a
= F(b) F(a)

V d :
( )
3 1
2 3
0
1 x 1 1
x dx 1 0
0 3 3
= = =

3
3

Ch : Tch phn ch ph thuc v f, a v b m khng ph thuc vo k hiu bin s tch phn . V vy ta
c th vit : F(b) F(a) = =
( )

b
a
f x dx
( )

b
a
f x dx ( )

b
a
f t dt = ( )

b
a
f u du...
O Cc tnh cht ca tch phn .
1. ( )
a
a
f x dx = 0

2. ( ) ( )
b a
a b
f x dx = - f x dx

3. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

b b
a a
f x g x dx = f x dx g x dx

b
a
VD :
( ) ( )
e e e
2 2
1 1 1
e e
3 1
2x dx 2 xdx 3 dx x 3lnx e 1 3 1 0 e 2
1 1 x x

+ = + = + = + = +



2

4. ( ) ( ) ( )

c b c
a a b
f x dx = f x dx+ f x dx
VD :
2 2 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
0 1 x x
x dx x dx x dx xdx xdx 1
1 0 2 2

= + = + = +

=
5. f(x) 0 trn on [a ; b] 0 ( )

b
a
f x dx
6. f(x) g(x) trn on [a ; b] ( )

b
a
f x dx ( )

b
a
g x dx
VD : Chng minh rng :
2 2
0 0
sin2xdx 2 sinxdx

7. m f(x) M trn on [a ; b] m(b a) =

b
a
m dx ( )

b
a
f x dx

b
a
M dx = M(b a)
VD : Chng minh rng :
2
1
1 5
2 x dx
x 2

+

HD . Kho st hm s
1
y x
x
= + trn on [1; 2] ta c :
[ ] [ ] 1;2 1;2
5
y ; y
2
2 = = max min

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 3
Do :
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 5
2 dx x dx dx
x 2

+



2
1
2 2
1 5
2x x dx x
1 1 x 2

+

2
1
1 5
2 x dx
x 2

+

Phn phng php

O Phng php i bin s : t = v(x) .
VD . Tnh tch phn :
2
1
0
x
I dx
x 1
=
+

t : . Khi x= 0 th t=1, khi x=1 th t=2 .
2
t x 1 = +
Ta c :
dt
dt = . Do : 2xdx xdx
2
=

2
1 2
0 1
2
x 1 dt 1 1
I d x lnt ln2
1 2 t 2 2
x 1
= = = =
+

Quy trnh gii ton . ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x x x

b b
a a
f x dx = g v v' d
Bc 1 . t t = v(x) , v(x) c o hm lin tc, i cn .
Bc 2 . Biu th f(x)dx theo t v dt : f(x)dx = g(t)dt
Bc 3 . Tnh . ( )
( )
( )

v b
v a
g t dt
Bi tp rn luyn phng php :
Tnh cc tch phn sau :
1 .
2
e
e
dx
x lnx

2 .
( )
2
2
1
dx
2x 1

3.
1 2
3
0
x dx
x 1 +

4.
3
4
2
xdx
x 1

5 .
2
3
4
dx
sin x

6 .
( )
1
0
dx
2x 1 x 1 + +

7.
( )
4
1
dx
x 1 x +

O Phng php i bin s : x = u(t) .
VD . Tnh tch phn :
1
2
0
1 x

dx
t x = sint t ;
2 2





. Khi x=0 th t=0, khi x=1 th t=
2

Vy vi x = sint th x 0;1

t 0;
2

v dx = costdt .
Do :
1 2 2
2 2
0 0 0 0
1 x dx 1 sin t cos tdt cos t cos tdt cos tdt

= = =

2
2

=
=
2
0
1 cos2t 1
sinx
cosx
O
1
dt t sin2t 2
2 2 2 4
0

+
= + =

Quy trnh gii ton . ( )

b
a
f x dx
Bc 1 . t x = u(t), t ;

sao cho u(t) c o hm lin tc trn on ;

, f(u(t)) c xc nh trn on
v .

b ;

( ) ( ) u a; u = =

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 4
Bc 2 . Biu th f(x)dx theo t v dt : f(x)dx = g(t)dt
Bc 3 . Tnh . ( )

g t dt
Bi tp rn luyn phng php :
Tnh cc tch phn sau :
1 .
1
2
0
dx
1 x +

2 .
1
2
2
0
dx
1 x

3.
1
2
0
dx
x x 1 + +

4.
1
2 2
0
x 1 x dx

5 .
1
3 2
0
x 1 x dx +

6 .
5
2
0
5 x
dx
5 x
+

( t x=5cos2t)
O Phng php i bin s : u(x) = g(x,t)
VD1 . Tnh tch phn : I =
1
2
0
1 x dx +

Cch (1) t
2
2 2
t 1
1+ x = x - t 1= -2xt t x
2t

+ =
Khi x =0 th t= -1, khi x=1 th t= 1 2 v dx =
2
2
t 1
2t
+
dt . Do :

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 4 2
2 3
1 1 1 1
t 1 t 1 1 t 2t 1 1 1 1
I . dt dt tdt 2 dt dt
2t 2t 4 t 4 t t



+ + +
= = = + +


3
1

=
2
2
1 2 1 2 1 2 t 1 1
ln t
8 2 8t 1 1 1

+

( )
1 2
ln 2 1
2 2
+

nn ta c th chn t 0;
4

. Khi x=0 th t=0, khi x=1 th t

Cch (2) : t x=tgt , do x 0;1

4
=
v dx=
2
1
dt
cos t
. Do :
( )
( )
1 4 4 4 4 4
2 2
2 2 2 3 4
2
0 0 0 0 0 0
d sint 1 1 1 1 cos t
1 x dx 1 tg t dt dt dt dt
cos t cos t cos t cos t cos t
1 sin t

+ = + = = = =

=
=
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
4 4
0 0
1 sint 1 sint 1 1 1
d sint d sint
4 1 sint 1 sint 4 1 sint 1 sint

+ +
= +

+ +


1
=
=
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2
4 4 4
2 2
0 0 0
d 1 sint d 1 sint d sint 1 1 1 1 1 1
d sint
4 1 sint 1 sint 4 2 1 sint 1 sint 4
1 sint 1 sint

+
+ = + +

+ +
+


4
0

=
2
1 1 1 1 1 sint 1 sint 1 1 sint
. ln ln 4
0

4 4 4
4 1 sint 1 sint 4 1 sint 2 cos t 4 1 sint
0 0 0

+ +
+ = +

+

=
( )
1 2
ln 2 1
2 2
+ .
Bnh lun : Bi ton ny cn gii c bng phng php tch phn tng phn . Cn vi 2 cch giI trn r rng
khi bt gp cch 1) ta ngh rng n s cha ng nhng php tnh ton phc tp cn cch 2) s cha nhng php
tnh ton n gin hn. Nhng ngc li s suy on - cch 2) li cha nhng php tnh ton di dng v nu qu
tht khng kh tch phn th cha hn l c hoc lm c m li di dng hn .

VD2 . Tnh tch phn : I =
1
2
0
1
dx
1 x +

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 5
Cch (1) t
2
2 2
t 1
1+ x = x - t 1= -2xt t x
2t

+ =
Khi x =0 th t= -1, khi x=1 th t= 1 2 v dx =
2
2
t 1
2t
+
dt . Do :

1 2 1 2 2
2 2
1 1
2t t 1 1
I . dt dt
t 1 2t t


+
= =
+

=
=
1 2
ln t
1

( )
ln 2 1 =

nn ta c th chn t 0;
4

. Khi x=0 th t=0, khi x=1 th t

Cch (2) : t x=tgt , do x 0;1

4
=
v dx=
2
1
dt
cos t
.
Do :
1 4 4 4 4
2 2 2
2 2
0 0 0 0 0
cos t 1 1 1 1 cos
dx dt dt dt dt
cos t cos t cost cos t
1 x 1 tg t

= = = =
+ +

t
=
( )
( )
4
2
0
d sint 1 1 sint
ln 4
2 1 sint 1 sin t
0

= = =
+

( )
ln 2 1 .
Bi tp rn luyn phng php :
Tnh cc tch phn sau :
1 .
2
2
1
x 1dx

2 .
2 2
2
1
x
dx
x 1

3.
0
2
1
x 2x 2dx

+ +

4.
1
2
2
0
dx
1 x 4x 3 + +

5 .
1
2
2
dx
1 1 2x x

6 .
1
2
0
xdx
x x 1 +

Ch : Khi ng trc mt bi ton tch phn, khng phi bi ton no cng xut hin nhn t chng ta s dng
phng php i bin s . C nhiu bi ton phi qua 1 hay nhiu php bin i mi xut hin nhn t t n ph (
s ni n phn Phn Loi Cc dng Ton )


O Phng php tch phn tng phn .

Nu u(x) v v(x) l hai hm s c o hm lin tc trn on [a; b] th :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

b b
a a
b
u x v' x dx = u x .v x - v x u' x dx
a

hay
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

b b
a a
b
u x dv = u x .v x - v x du
a


VD1. Tnh
2
0
x cos xdx

=
, ta c :
u x
dv cos xdx
=

du dx
v sinx
=

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 6
( )
2 2
0 0
x cos xdx x sinx sinxdx cosx 1 2 2
2 2
0 0



= = + =


Nhn xt : Mt cu hi t ra l t c c khng ?
u cosx
dv xdx
=

Ta hy th :
2 2 2
2
0 0
x 1
x cos xdx cosx x sinxdx 2
2 2
0

= +



, r rng tch phn
2
2
0
x sinxdx

cn phc tp hn tch
phn cn tnh . Vy vic la chn u v dv quyt nh rt ln trong vic s dng phng php tch phn tng phn . Ta
hy xt mt VD na i tm cu tr li va nht !
VD2. Tnh
2
5
1
lnx
dx
x

Ta th t :
5
1
u
x
dv lnxdx

r rng tnh v= l mt vic kh khn ! lnxdx

Gii . t
5
u lnx
1
dv dx
x
=

ta c :
5 4
1
du
x
1 1
v dx
x 4x

= =

Do :
2 2
5 4 5 4
1 1
2 2
lnx lnx 1 dx ln2 1 1 15 ln2
dx
1 1 x 4x 4 x 64 4 4x 256 64

= + = + =




Nhn xt : T 2 VD trn ta c th rt ra mt nhn xt ( vi nhng tch phn n gin ) : Vic la chn u v dv
phi tho mn :
1 du n gin, v d tnh .
2 Tch phn sau
( )
vdu

phi n gin hn tch phn cn tnh

( )
udv

.

Bi tp rn luyn phng php :
Tnh cc tch phn sau :
1 .
1
x
0
xe dx

2 .
1
3x
0
xe dx

3. ( )
2
0
x 1 cosxdx

4. ( )
6
0
2 x sin3xdx

5 .
1
2 x
0
x e dx

6 .
2
2
0
x sinxdx

7.
2
x
0
e cosxdx

8. 9. 10.
e
1
lnxdx

( )
5
2
2x ln x 1 dx

( )
e
2
1
lnx dx

Mi dng ton cha ng nhng c th ring ca n !


Phn phn loi cc dng ton

Tch phn ca cc hm hu t

A. Dng : I
( )
( ) a 0

P x
= dx
ax + b

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 7
Cng thc cn lu : I dx ln ax b C
ax b a

= = +
+

+
Tnh I
1
x 1
dx
+
=

x 1
Tnh I
2
2
x 5
dx

=
+

x 1
Tnh I
3
3
x
dx
2x 3
=

+

Phng php : Thc hin php chia a thc P(x) cho nh thc : ax+b, a tch phn v dng :
I ( ) Q x dx dx
ax b

= +
+

( Trong Q(x) l hm a thc vit di dng khai trin )

B. Dng : I
( )
( ) a 0
2
P x
= d x
ax + bx +c
1. Tam thc : c hai nghim phn bit . ( )
2
f x ax bx c = + +

Cng thc cn lu : I
( )
( )
( )
u' x
dx ln u x C
u x
= = +

Tnh I
2
2
dx
x 4
=

Cch 1. ( phng php h s bt nh )
( ) ( )
2
1
A
A B 0
2 A B
2
2 A B x 2 A B
A B 1 1 x 4 x 2 x 2
B
2

+ =

= + + +

= +

=

Do : I
2
2
dx
x 4
=

=
1 1
dx
2 x 2

-
1 1
dx
2 x 2 +

=
1 x 2
ln C
2 x 2

+
+

Cch 2. ( phng php nhy tng lu )
Ta c : I
2
2 2 2
2 1 2x 2x 4 1
dx dx dx ln x 4 ln x 2 C
x 4 2 x 4 x 4 2

= = = +




+
< Tng qut >Tnh I
2 2
dx
x a

Tnh I
2
2x
dx
9 x
=

Tnh I
2
3x 2
dx
x 1
+
=

Tnh I
2
2
x
dx
x 5x 6
=
+

Tnh I
3
2
3x
dx
x 3x 2
=
+

Phng php :
= Khi bc ca a thc P(x) <2 ta s dng phng php h s bt nh hoc phng php nhy
tng lu.
= Khi bc ca a thc P(x) 2 ta s dng php chia a thc a t s v a thc c bc < 2 .

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 8

2. Tam thc : c nghim kp . ( ) ( )
2 2
f x ax bx c x = + + = +

Cng thc cn lu : I
( )
( ) ( )
2
u' x 1
dx C
u x u x
= = +

Tnh I
( )
( )
2 2
d x 2 1 1
dx C
x 4x 4 x 2
x 2

= = =
+

+
Tnh I
2
4x
dx
4x 4x 1
=
+

.
t : 2x 1 = t
dt
dx=
2
2x t 1

= +

, lc ta c :
I
2 2
t 1 dt dt 2
2 dx 2 2 2ln t
t t t t
+
= = + =

C +
Tnh I
2
2
x 3
dx
x 4x 4

=
+

Tnh I
3
2
x
dx
x 2x 1
=
+ +

Phng php : trnh phc tp khi bin i ta thng t :
t
x t x

+ = =

v thay vo biu thc

trn t s .
3. Tam thc : v nghim . ( )
2
f x ax bx c = + +
Tnh I
2
1
dx
x 1
=
+

t :
2
1
x tg dx d
cos
= =

, ta c :
I
( )
2 2
1
d d
cos tg 1
= =
+

C = + , vi ( ) tg x =
< Tng qut > Tnh I
2 2
1
dx
x a
=
+

. HD t x atg =
2
a
dx d
cos
=

, ta c :
I
d
C
a a

= = +

Tnh I
2
2
dx
x 2x 2
=
+ +

Tnh I
2
2x 1
dx
x 2x 5
+
=
+ +

Tnh I
2
2
x
dx
x 4
=
+

Tnh I
3
2
x
dx
x 9
=
+

C. Dng : I
( )
( )
3 2
P x
= d x a 0
ax + bx +cx +d

1. a thc : c mt nghim bi ba. ( )
3 2
f x ax bx cx d = + + +

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 9

Cng thc cn lu : I
( )
n n 1
1 1
dx C
x n 1 x

= +

( ) n 1 =

Tnh I
( )
3
1
dx
x 1
=

Nu x > 1 , ta c : I
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
3
3 2
x 1 1 1
dx x 1 d x 1 C C
2
x 1 2 x 1

= = = + =

+ .
Nu x < 1 , ta c : I
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
3
3 2
1 x 1 1
dx 1 x d 1 x C C
2
1 x 2 x 1

= = = + = +

Vy : I
( )
3
1
dx
x 1
=

=
( )
2
1
C
2 x 1
+

Ch :
m
m
1
x , vi x > 0
x

=
Tnh I
( )
3
x
dx
x 1
=

t : x 1 = t ta c : I
3 2 3 2
t 1 1 1 1 1
dt dt C
t t t t 2t
+
= = + = +




Tnh I
( )
2
3
x 4
dx
x 1

Tnh I
( )
3
3
x
dx
x 1
=

Tnh I
( )
4
3
x
dx
x 1
=
+

2. a thc : c hai nghim . ( )
3 2
f x ax bx cx d = + + +
Tnh I
( )( )
2
1
dx
x 1 x 1
=
+

t : x + 1 = t , ta c : I
( )
2 3
1 d
dt
t t 2 t 2t
= =

2
t

Cch 1 < Phng php nhy tng lu >
Ta c :
2 2 2 2
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2
1 3t 4t 1 3t 4t 4 3t 4t 1 3t 2 3t 4t 1 3 2
t 2t t 2t 4 t 2t t 2t 4 t t 2t 4 t t
+
= = = +

Do : I
2
3 2
3 2 2
3t 4t 1 3 2 3 1
dt dt ln t 2t ln t C
t 2t 4 t t 4 2t

= + = +

+ .
Cch 2 < Phng php h s bt nh >
( ) ( )
2
3 2 2
2B 1
1 At B C
1 A C t 2A B t 2B 2A B 0
t 2t t t 2
A C 0
=
+
= + + + + + =

+ =

1
B
2
1
A
4
1
C
4

Do :
3 2 2 2
1 1 t 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
dt dt dt ln t ln t 2 C
t 2t 4 t t 2 4 t t t 2 4 t
+
= = + = +

12
2007
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0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 10


+ Phng php nhy tng lu c bit c hiu qu khi t s ca phn thc l
mt hng s .
+ Phng php h s bt nh : bc ca a thc trn t s lun nh hn bc
mu s 1 bc .

Tnh I
( )
2
2x 1
dx
x x 2
+
=

s dng phng php nhy tng lu ta s phn tch nh sau :

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2x 1 2 1
x x 2 x x 2 x x 2
+
= +


Tnh I
( ) ( )
2
2
x
dx
x 1 x 2
=
+

S dng phng php h s bt nh :
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
x Ax B C
x 2
x 1 x 2 x 1
+
= +
+
+

Do : ( )( ) (
2
2
) x x 2 Ax B C x 1 + + +
Cho : x=-2, suy ra :
4
C
9
=
x=0 , suy ra :
2
B
9
=
x=1, suy ra :
5
A
9
=
Phng php trn gi l phng php gn trc tip gi tr ca bin s tm A, B, C.
Tnh I
3
3 2
x 1
dx
x 2x x

=
+ +

3. a thc : c ba nghim phn bit . ( )
3 2
f x ax bx cx d = + + +

Tnh I
( )
2
1
dx
x x 1
=

Cch 1. Ta c :
( ) ( )
2 2 2
3 3 2 2
1 1 3x 1 3x 3 1 3x 1
2 x x 2 x x x x x 1 x x 1

3
= =




Do : I
2
3
3
1 3x 1 3 1 3
dx ln x x ln x C
2 x x x 2 2

= =

+
Cch 2 . Ta c :
( )
( ) ( ) (
2
2
1 A B C
1 A x 1 Bx x 1 Cx x 1
x x 1 x 1 x x 1
= + + + + +
+
)
Cho x=0, suy ra A = -1 .
x=1, suy ra
1
B
2
=
x=-1, suy ra
1
C
2
=
Do : I
2
1
ln x ln x 1 C
2
= + +

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 11
Tnh I
( )
2
x 1
dx
x x 4
+
=

Tnh I
( )( )
2
2
x
dx
x 1 x 2
=
+

Tnh I
( )( )
3
2
x
dx
x 1 x 2
=

Tnh I
( )( )
2
dx
2x 1 4x 4x 5
=
+ + +

t : 2x + 1 =t
dt
dx
2
= , ta c :

I
( )
2
1 dt
2 t t 6
=

=
( )
2 2
3
3 2
1 3t 6 3t 18 1
dt dt ln t 6t 3ln t C
24 t 6t 24 t t 6


=



+
4. a thc : c mt nghim (khc bi ba) ( )
3 2
f x ax bx cx d = + + +
Tnh I
3
1
dx
x 1
=

t x 1 = t , ta c : dx dt =
I
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
dt 1 t 3t 3 t 3t
dt dt
3 t t 3t 3 t t 3t 3 t t 3t 3

+ + +
= =
+ + + + + +



2
1 dt t 3
dt
3 t t 3t 3
+
=

+ +


=

2 2
1 dt 1 2t 3 3 dt
dt
3 t 2 t 3t 3 2
3 3
t
2 4


+

=
+ +

+ +





2
1 1
ln t ln t 3t 3 3 C
3 2
= + + + ( Vi
3
x tg
2
= )
Tnh I
( )
2
1
dx
x x 1
=
+

Tnh I
( )
2
1
dx
x x 2x 2
=
+ +

Tnh I
2
3
x
dx
x 1
=
+

Tnh I
3
3
x
dx
x 8
=

Tnh I
3 2
1
dx
x 3x 3x 2
=
+

Tm li : Ta thng s dng hai php bin i :
C T s l nghim ca mu s .
C T s l o hm ca mu s .
v phn thc c quy v 4 dng c bn sau :
O
{

ng vi
1 1 1
dx = ln ax + b + C
ax + b ax + b a

O
{

ng vi
u' u'
dx = ln u + C
u u

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 12
O ( )
{
( )

n n
ng vi
u' u' 1
n 2 dx = - + C
u u n - 1
n-1
u

O
( )
{
( )

2 2
2 2
ng vi
1 1
dx = + C
a x + d + a x + d + a
a
, vi x d atg + =



D. Dng : I
( )
( )

Q x
= < P(x) l a thc bc cao> V mt s k thut tm nguyn hm . dx
P x
1. K thut bin i t s cha nghim ca mu s .
Tnh I
( )( )( )
dx
x x 1 x 7 x 8
=
+ +

HD : I
( ) ( )( )
( )( )( )
x x 7 x 1 x 8
dx
x x 1 x 7 x 8
+ +
=
+ +

Tnh I
4 2
dx
x 10x 9
=
+ +

HD : I
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
x 9 x 1
dx 1
8 x 1 x 9 x 1 x 9
+ +
= =
+ + + +


Tnh I
6 4 2
dx
x 6x 13x 42
=
+

HD : I
( )( )( )
2 2 2
dx
x 3 x 2 x 7
=
+ +

Tnh I
5
dx
5x 20x
=
+

HD : I
( )
( )
( )
4 4
4 4
x 4 x
1 dx 1
5 20 x x 4 x x 4
+
+ +

= =
Tnh I
7 3
dx
x 10x
=

HD : I
( )
( )
( )
4 4
3 4 3 4
x x 10
dx 1
10 x x 10 x x 10

= =



Tnh I
( )( )( )
2 2 2
dx
x 2 2x 1 3x 4
=
+

Tnh I
8 6 4 2
dx
x 10x 35x 50x 24
=
+ +

Tnh I
( )( )
4 3 2
dx
x 1 x 4x 6x 4x 9
=
+ + + +

Tnh I
2
4
x dx
x 1
=

Tnh I
4
4
x dx
x 1
=

Tnh I
4
4
x dx
x 1
=
+

Tnh I
4
6
x dx
x 1
=

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 13
Tnh I
6
6
x dx
x 1
=

Tnh I
100
dx
3x 5x
=
+

Tnh I
( )
2
50
dx
x 2x 7
=
+

Tnh I
( )
( )
2000
2000
1 x dx
x 1 x

=
+

2. K thut t n ph vi tch phn c dng : I
( )
( )
( ) 1

P x
= dx
ax + b

Tnh I
( )
3
30
x x 1
dx
x 2
+ +
=

t x 2 = t
dx dt
x t 2
=

= +

, ta c :
I
( )
3
3 2
30 30 26 27 28 29
t 2 t 3 t 6t 13t 11 1 1 1 1
dt dt 6 13 11 C
t t 26t 27t 28t 29t
+ + + + + +
= = = + + +



+ =
Tnh I
( )
4
45
x
dx
x 3
=

Tnh I
( )
4 3
50
3x 5x 7x 8
dx
x 2
+
=
+

Ch : Vi loi ton ny trong cun Tch Phn T.Phng s dng phng php khai trin
Taylor nhng ti cm thy cch lm ny khng nhanh hn li gy nhiu phc tp cho hc sinh nn
khng nu ra .

3. K thut bin i t s cha o hm ca mu s .
Tnh I
4
xdx
x 1
=

t
2
x t 2xdx dt = =
Tnh I
3
4
x dx
x 1
=
+

Tnh I
2
4
x 1
dx
x 1

=
+

I
( )
2 2
2
2 4 2
2 2
2
1
1
d x
1
x 1 1 x
x
dx dx ln
1
x 1 2 2 x x 2 1 1
x
x 2
x
x

+



= = = =
+
x x 2 1 +
+ +

+
+



+C
Tnh I
2
4
x 1
dx
x 1
+
=
+

Tnh I
2
4
x
dx
x 1
=
+

Tnh I
( )
2
4 3 2
x 1
dx
x 5x 4x 5x 1

=
+

Tnh I
( )
2
4 3 2
x 1
dx
x 2x 10x 2x 1
+
=
+ +

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 14
Tnh I
( )
2
4 3 2
x 2
dx
x 3x 11x 6x 4

=
+ +

Tnh I
( )
2
4 3 2
x 3
dx
x 2x 2x 6x 9
+
=
+ +

Tnh I
4 2
dx
x x 1
=
+ +

Tnh I
4 2
dx
x 3x 4
=
+

Bnh lun : Lot bi ton ny lm ti kh n tng vi php chia c t s v mu s cho
. Qu tht ti lun c gng tm ti xem liu mnh c th ngh ra mt phng php no
khc hay hn chng, nhng b tay.com . Th mi hiu ton hc : lun tim n nhng v
p lm ngi ta sng st.
2
x
Tnh I
5
6
x
dx
x 1
=
+

Tnh I
6
x
dx
x 1
=

t , ta c : I
2
x t 2xdx dt = =
3
1 dt
2 t 1
=

Tnh I
3
6
x
dx
x 1
=

Tnh I
4
6
x 1
dx
x 1
+
=
+

Tnh I
3
6
x x
dx
x 1
+
=
+

HD : I
( ) ( )
3 2
6 6
d x d x
1 1
3 x 1 2 x 1
= +
+ +


Tnh I
3
6
x
dx
x 1
=
+

HD : I
( )
( )
2
2
3
2
1 x
d x
2
x 1
=
+

Tnh I
( )( )
2 2
6 3
x 1 x 2x 1
dx
x 14x 1
+ +
=

HD : I
2
3
3
3
1 1 1
1 x 2 x 2
1 x x x
dx d x
1 x
1 1
x 14
x 3 x 14
x
x x

+ + +


= =




+





Tnh I
( )
19
2
10
x
dx
3 x
=
+

HD . I
( ) ( )
( )
10 9 10
10
2 2
10 10
x .10x 1 x
dx d x
10
3 x 3 x
= =
+ +


Tnh I
( )
99
7
50
x
dx
2x 3
=

Tnh I
( )
2n 1
k
n
x
dx
ax b

=
+

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 15
4. K thut chng nh thc .

C s ca phng php :
tm nguyn hm c dng : I
( )
( )
n
m
ax b
dx
cx d
+
=
+

, ta da vo c s :
( )
,
2
a b
c d
ax b
cx d
cx d
+
=

+ +

v phn tch biu thc di du tch phn v dng :
I
( )
2
ax b dx ax b ax b
k f k f d
cx d cx d cx d
cx d
+ +

+ + +

+
= =
+



VD . Tnh
I
( )
( ) ( )
10 10 10 11
12 2
3x 5 3x 5 dx 1 3x 5 3x 5 1 3x 5
dx d C
x 2 11 x 2 x 2 121 x 2
x 2 x 2

= = = =

+ + +
+ +


+
+

Tnh I
( )
( )
99
101
7x 1
dx
2x 1

=
+

Tnh I
( ) ( )
5 3
dx
x 3 x 5
=
+ +

HD . I
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
6
5 5 6 2 5 6
8
x 3 x 5 dx 1 1 dx 1 1 dx
2 x 5
x 3 x 3 x 3
2
x 5 x 5 x 5
x 5
x 5 x 5 x 5
+ +
= = =

+
+ + + + + +
+

+ + +

trnh s s trong tnh ton ta c th s dng php t n ph nh sau :
t
( )
2
1 dt
dx
2 x 3 x 5
t
x 5
x 5 2 1 1 t
t
x 5 x 5 2

+ +
=

+
+

= =

+ +
, nn ta c :
( ) ( )
( )
6
5 2 6
x 3 x 5 1 1 dx
2 x 5
x 3 x 5
x 5
+ +

+
+ +

+

=
( )
6
7 5
t 1 dt 1
2 t

Tnh I
( ) ( )
7 3
dx
3x 2 3x 4
=
+

Tnh I
( ) ( )
3 4
dx
2x 1 3x 1
=

t
( )
2
3x 1 1
t dx
2x 1
2x 1

= =

dt v
1
2t 3
2x 1
=

Do ta c : I
( ) ( )
( )
3 4 4
( )
7
dx dx
3x 1 2x 1 3x 1
2x 1
2x 1
= =

5
4
2t 3 dt
t

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 16
Tch phn ca cc hm lng gic

A. S dng thun tu cc cng thc lng gic .
Cng thc h bc :
2 2
1 cos2x 1 cos2x
sin x ; cos x
2 2
+
= =
VD . Tm h nguyn hm :
2
cos xdx

2
cos xdx =

( )
1 cos2x 1 1 1 1
dx dx cos2xd 2x x sin2x C
2 2 4 2 4
+
= + = +

+
Bi tp . Tm h nguyn hm :
1 . 2 . 3.
2
sin xdx

4
cos xdx

4
cos 3xdx

4. 5 . 6 .
2
sin 5xdx

4
sin 5xdx

2 4
cos x sin xdx

Cng thc h bc :
3 3
sin3x 3sinx cos3x 3cosx
sin x ; cos x
4 4
+ +
= =
Bi tp . Tm h nguyn hm :
1 . 2 . 3.
6
sin xdx

6
cos 3xdx

6
cos 4xdx

Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng :

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
sina.sinb cos a b cos a b
2
1
cosa.cosb cos a b cos a b
2
1
sina.cosb sin a b sin a b
2
= +

= + +

= + +

VD . Tm h nguyn hm : sin2x.cosxdx

[ ] ( )
1 1 1 1 1
sin2xcosxdx sin3x sinx dx sin3xd 3x sinxdx cos3x cosx C
2 6 2 6 2
= + = + = +


Bi tp . Tm h nguyn hm :
1 . 2 . 3. sinxcos3xdx

cosx.cos2x.cos3xdx

cos4x.sin5x.sinxdx

Cng thc cng :

( )
( )
( )
( )
cos a b cos acos b sina sinb
cos a b cos acos b sina sinb
sin a b sinacos b sinbcos a
sin a b sinacos b sinbcos a
+ =
= +
+ = +
=

VD .
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
cos x 5 x 5
dx 1 1
cot g x 5 tg x 5 dx
sin2x sin10x 2cos10 cos x 5 cos x 5 2cos10
+

= =

+

+ +
=
( )
( )
sin x 5 1
ln C
2cos10 cos x 5

Bi tp : 1.
dx
sin2x sinx

2.
dx
sinx sin3x +

3.
dx
1 sinx

B. Tnh tch phn khi bit d(ux)) .
VD . Tnh
2
2
0
sin x.cosxdx

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 17
t t=sinx, t 0; 1

. Khi x=0 th t=1, khi x=
2

th t=1 v dt = cosxdx . Do :
1 3 2
2 2
0 0
1
t 1
sin x.cosxdx t dt
0 3 3

= = =



Vi loi tch phn ny hc sinh c th t sng to ra mt lot cc bi ton, ti th a ra
mt vi phng n :
Bit d(sinx) . cosxdx
1.
2
n
0
sin x.cosxdx

2.
( )
2
*
n
4
cosx
dx n N , n 1
sin x

3.
2
3
4
tg xdx

4. 5. ( ) ( )
10
5
sin3x cos3x dx
2
cosxdx
sin x 3sinx 2 + +

Bit d(cosx) . sinxdx
1.
2
n
0
cos x.sinxdx

2.
( )
4
*
n
0
sinx
dx n N , n 1
cos x

3.
3 4
5
0
sin x
dx
cos x

4. 5. ( ) ( )
7
100
sin2x cos2x dx
3
sinxdx
cos x 1

Bit d(tgx)
2
1
dx
cos x
.
1.
( )
4
3
0
tg x tgx dx

2.
4
3
0
sinx
dx
cos x

3.
( )
( )
7
4
6
0
tg3x
dx
cos3x

4.
4
1
dx
cos x

5.
2n
dx
cos x

6.
( )
5 4 3 2
tg x tg x tg x tg x 1 dx + + + +

Bit d(cotgx)
2
1
dx
sin x
.
1.
( )
2
3
4
cotg x cotgx dx

2.
2
5
4
cosx
dx
sin x

3.
( )
( )
10
8
cotg5x
dx
cos5x

4.
4
1
dx
sin x

5.
2n
dx
sin x

6.
( )
5 4 3 2
cotg x cotg x cotg x cotg x dx + + +

Bit d( sinx cosx ) ( ) cosx sinx dx
1.
( )
4
0
cos x sinx
dx
sinx cosx

2.
2
4
cos2x
dx
1 sin2x

3.
( )
3
cos2x
dx
sinx cosx +

4.
2cosx 3sinx
dx
2sinx 3cosx 1

5.
( ) sin2x 2cos4x dx
cos2x sin4x
+

Bit
( )
2 2
d a sin x bcos x c sin2x d ( ) a b c sin2xdx
1.
2 2
sin2x
dx
3sin x cos x +

2.
2
sin2x
2sin x 4sinxcosx 5cos x +
2

Bit d(f(x)) vi f(x) l mt hm lng gic bt k no .
VD . Chn f(x) = sinx + tgx ( ) ( )
3
2 2
1 cos
d f x cosx
cos x cos x
1 +
= + =

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 18
Nh vy ta c th ra mt bi ton tm nguyn hm nh sau :
( )( )
3
2
sinx tgx cos x 1
dx
cos x
+ +

tng kh ca bi ton bn c th thc hin mt vi php bin i v d :

( )( ) ( )( )
( )
3 3
2 3
sinx tgx cos x 1 sinx 1 cosx cos x 1
1
sinx 1 cosx 1
cos x cos x cos x
+ + + +

= = +


3
+
T ta c bi ton tm nguyn hm : ( )
3
1
sinx 1 cosx 1 dx
cos x

+ +

D nhin c mt bi tm nguyn hm nhn p mt li ph thuc vo vic chn hm f(x) v kh nng
bin i lng gic ca bn !
VD . Ti chn hm s : f(x) = tgx cotgx ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 4
d f x
cos x sin x sin 2x
= , nh vy ti c th ra mt bi
ton nhn tm c nh sau : Tm h nguyn hm :
+ =
( )

2007
2
tgx - cotgx
dx
sin 2x

Nu thy cha hi lng ta th bin i tip xem sao ?
Ta c :
2 2
cos x sin x 2cos2x
tgx = cot gx
sinx.cosx sin2x

=
( )
2007
2007 2007
2 2009
tgx - cotgx 2 cos 2x
sin 2x sin 2x
=
Vy bn s c mt bi ton mi : Tm h nguyn hm :

2007
2009
cos 2x
dx
sin 2x
.. C th bn s thy bun khi bi ton ny li
c cch gii ngn hn con ng chng ta i !
Nhng du sao cng phi t an i mnh : Thc ra trn mt t lm g c ng ..
Chng l chng ta khng thu lm c iu g chng ? Nhng ti li c suy ngh khc, bit u nhng
nh vit sch li xut pht t nhng tng nh chng ta ???
Hy th xt sang mt dng ton khc :


C. To ra d(u(x)) tnh tch phn .
VD . Tnh tch phn :
4
0
dx
cosx

R rng bi ton khng xut hin dng : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f u x u' x dx f u du =


Vy lm c bi ton, mt phng php ta c th ngh n l to ra d( u(x)) nh sau :

( )
6 6 6
2 2
0 0 0
d sinx dx cosxdx 1 1 sinx 1 1
ln ln 6
cosx cos x 1 sin x 2 1 sinx 2 3
0

= = = =
+




Bn c ngh rng mnh cng c kh nng sng to ra dng ton ny !
To d(sinx) . cosxdx
1.
4
dx
sin xcosx

2.
4
tg x
dx
cosx

3.
3
dx

cos x
4.
2
sin x
dx
cosx

5.
2
cos xdx
cos3x

6.
3 5
dx

sin xcosx
To d(cosx) . sinxdx
1.
dx
sinxcosx

2.
3
dx
sin x

3.
3 2
5
4
cos

x
dx
sin x

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 19
4.
( )
3
dx
sinx cos x 1

5.
6
dx
sinxcos x

6.
3
4sin x
1 cosx +

To d(tgx)
2
1
dx
cos x
.
1.
4
3
0
tg xdx

2.
2 4
2
0
sin x
dx
1 cos x

3.
( ) ( )
3 3
dx
sinx cosx

4. 5.
8
tg xdx
2
dx
2sin x 5sinxcosx 3cos x
2
6.
( )
2
1
dx
sinx 2cosx

To d(cotgx)
2
1
dx
sin x
.
1.
2
3
4
cotg xdx

2.
2 2
1
dx
sin x 2cos x

3.
( )
( )
10
8
cotg5x
dx
sin5x

4.
4
1
dx
sin x

5.
2n
dx
sin x

To d(
x
tg
2
)
1
2 2
1
dx
x
cos
2
. < Php t n ph t=
x
tg
2
> .
1.
dx
3sinx cosx +

2.
1
dx
2cos3x 7sin3x +

3.
dx
2sinx 5cosx 3 + +

4.
sinx cosx 1
dx
sinx 2cosx 3
+
+ +

5.
( )
2
7sinx 5cosx
3sinx 4cosx

D. sng to bi tp

Nu c php hi, ti s hi rng bn c cm thy nhm chn khi bn c sut ngy m ly mt cun sch tham kho v lm ht
bi tp ny n bi tp khc, m i lc bn vn cm gic rng kh nng gii ton ca mnh khng gii ln. Cn ti am m mn Ton t
khi ti bit th no l sng to .. Bn c mun th xem mnh c kh nng sng to hay khng ?
D kh nng sng to bi tp c xut pht t nhng bn cht rt s ng, c th bn sng to mt bi ton m bn bt gp
mt cun sch no .. nhng du sao n vn mang dng dp ca bn .
Ti mn php t duy cng tham kho cho vui !

Ti s ly mt hm s f(x) no m ti thch, ri o hm tm d(f(x)) .
h Ti chn : , ( )
4 4
f x sin x cos x = + ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2
f ' x 4 sin xcosx cos x sinx 2.sin2x sin x cos x sin4x = = =
Mt bi ton n gin c to ra : Tnh dx

2
4 4
0
sin4x
sin x + cos x

Mt bi ton nhn kh p mt, bn gp u cha ? Nu gp bi ton ny trc khi bn bit sng to bn
gii quyt n nh th no ?
tng kh nng nh la trc gic bn c th to mu s thnh mt hm s hp no quen thuc , v d :
Tnh cc tch phn sau :
1. dx

2
4 4
0
sin4x
sin x + cos x
2.
( )
2007
dx

2
4 4
0
sin4x
sin x + cos x
3.
( )
dx

2
4 4
0
sin4x
sin x + cos x
2
cos

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 20
4.
( )
dx

2
4 4
0
sin4x
sin x + cos x tg

Bit u mt lc no c ai hi ti v cch gii cc bi ton trn ti li qun ..!!!!!
Ti bit bn s ngh t duy kiu ny c rch . Vy sao ta khng th t duy mt kiu no cho hi l mt t :
( ) ( ) (
2
4 4 2 2
1 1 1
f x sin x cos x 1 2sin xcos x 1 sin2x cos2x
2 2 2
= + = = = + )
2
.. Bi ton ny s xut pht t u ?
Tnh : dx

2
4 4
0
sin2x cos2x
sin x + cos x


i Nu nh xut pht t lng gic to ra cc bi ton tch phn ca hm lng gic nghe c v hin nhin qu, ta hy xut pht
t hm phn thc hu t xem sao ?
Ti s xut pht t bi ton tm nguyn hm :
2
dx
I
x 1
=

.
Ti s t : x=tgt
(
2
2
1
dx dt 1 tg t dt
cos t
= = +
)
v ra mt bi ton :

2
2
1+ tg x
I = dx
1 tg x

Bn s suy ngh rng qu n gin .. nhng bn s cho cch gii th no vi bi ton ny :

2
1
I = dx
1 tg x
, phi chng bn s ngh
( )
( )( )
=

2
1
I = dx
1 tg x
2 2
d tgx
1 tg x 1+ tg x
..hy nhng ch cho
nhng li gii thng minh hn ..!!!
a Bn ang n thi i hc, bn c kh nhiu ti liu.. i khi bn s gp nhng bi ton kh hay nhng li gii di dng hn bn..
bn thy mnh ang tng ngy tin b . i khi bn gp mt phng php no vi tn gi lm bn hong ht . Hy dng li v t duy, bn
s tm ra li gii p !
Ti n c mt v d .. Khi bn c ti liu bn thy cm t tch phn lin kt c th bn b qua v ngh rng qu kh
VD . Tnh
cosxdx
E
sinx cosx
=
+

Li gii : Xt tch phn lin kt vi E l
1
sinx
E d
sinx cosx
=
+

x
Ta c :
( )
1 1
1 2
sinx cosx
E E dx dx x C
sinx cosx
d sinx cosx sinx cosx
E E dx ln sinx cosx C
sinx cosx sinx cosx
+

+ = = = +

= = = + +

+ +


.
Gii h phng trnh suy ra :
( )
( )
1
1
E x ln sinx cosx C
2
1
E x ln sinx cosx
2

= + + +

= + +

C

Bnh lun : S s lm bn hong ht, nhng hy suy ngh xem thc cht n cng ch l mt php tch n
gin :
( ) ( ) ( )
cosx sinx cosx sinx dx d cosx sinx 1 1 1 1
E dx x ln sinx cosx C
2 sinx cosx 2 2 cosx sinx 2
+ + +

= = + = +
+ +

+ +
Nu cha thc s tin bn c th th vi mt lot cc bi ton khc tng t :
1.
sinx
dx
3cosx 7sinx +

2.
sin3x
dx
2cos3x 5sin3x

3.
4
4 4
sin x
dx
sin x cos x +

Vic a ra bi ton trn ch l s c rt kinh nghim khng phi l s sng to, nhng n gip chng ta l gii
c mt iu quan trng trong sng to bi tp : l mun c mt bi tp hay bn cn kt hp nhiu php bin i v d
nhin i hi bn phi kin tr v mt cht yu t may mn .
d Ti th ly hm s : v tch n thnh 2 kiu khc nhau : ( )
2
f x 2sin x 2sin2x 5cos x = +
2
Kiu1. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
f x 2sin x sin2x 5cos x sin x cos x sin x 2cosx 1 sin x 2cosx 1 u = + = + + + = + + = +

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 21
Kiu2. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
f x 2sin x sin2x 5cos x 6 sin x cos x cosx 2sin x 6 cosx 2sin x 6 v = + = + = =
kiu1. u' v kiu2 cosx 2sinx = v' sinx 2cosx = ( ) u' v' 3 sinx cosx + = +
Vy phi chng bi ton ny s rt kh :
2 2
sinx cosx
dx
2sin x 2sin2x 5cos x
+
+

Ti nhn thy bn ang ci ch diu bi bn bt gp n..nhng c 2 iu ti
mun ni vi bn :
- Hy gii bi ton ny bng mt cch tht thng minh .
- Hy mn tm t duy ny ra bi tp .
Bn qu quen vi bi ton ny :
6
dx
sin x

nhng ti khng nh bn s c mt cht bn khon vi bi ton :

Tm h nguyn hm :
( )

4 2
6
sinxcosx sin x + sin x + sinx + 1
I = dx
sin x - 1

Gii
( )

4 2
6
sinxcosx sin x + sin x + sinx + 1
I = dx
sin x - 1
( ) ( )
( )
( )
4 2 3 2
2
2 6 6
3
sinxcosx sin x sin x 1 d sin x d sin x
sin xcosx 1 1
sin x 1 sin x 1 3 2 sin x 1
sin x 1
+ +
= + = +
2

=
( )
2
2
2
1 cos x 1
ln ln cos x C
6 sin x 1 2

+

+

+ .. bn tm li gii nhanh hn nh !
Bi ton trn b l tng gii ton khi xut hin : nhng bi ton ny bn hy gii quyt dm
4 2
sin x + sin x + 1
Tm h nguyn hm :
( )
6
sinxcosx sinx + 1
I = dx
sin x - 1

Vi tng ny bn c th ung dung ngh rng : ngi khc s au u v bi ton ca bn ! Hy th
theo tng ca bn, m bo ti s b tay . com .vn !!!
dng ca ngi khc cm zc khng thoi minhng .. dng mi m ngi ta khng bt tr li th
thnh ca mnh ! < .. trit l khng ? >

m khuya lm ri, tm chia tay vi tch phn hm lng gic ! Nhng li sn chi cho cc bn !

Tm h nguyn hm :
6 6
sin4x + cos2x
dx
sin x + cos x
( Vi gi dng th ch c 4 du = )


V i phu kiep tai hoa
V ngi gian du hay ta a tnh .. ?!

Tch phn ca cc hm cha du gi tr tuyt i

VD . Tnh ( ) ( ) ( ) (
2 1 2 1 2
0 0 1 0 1
) x 1 dx x 1 dx x 1 dx x 1 d x 1 x 1 d x 1 = + = +


= ( ) ( )
1 2
1 x x 1 2
0 1
+ =
Tch phn ca hm cha du gi tr tuyt i khng kh lm, n ph thuc hon ton vo kh nng xt du ca
hm s trong du gi tr tuyt i .
Khi xt du ca hm a thc cha trong du gi tr tuyt i bn cn lu mt mo vt : a thc c n
nghim th ta xt trn (n+1) khong. a thc bc n c n nghim th an du trn cc khong, khc n nghim th
mt tnh an du .

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 22
VD1 . Tnh
3
2
2
x 1 dx

Nhp :
2
x 1
x 1 0
x 1
=
=

=

( tam thc bc 2 c 2 nghim )

xt du :

+ +

_
-1
1
-2

Th mt s bt k trong khong bt k
an du







Gii .
( ) ( ) ( )
3 1 1 3 1 1 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 1 1 2 1 1
28
x 1 dx x 1 dx x 1 dx x 1 dx x 1 dx x 1 dx x 1 dx
3


= + + = + =



VD2. Tnh
1
3 2
1
x x dx

Chng ta thng nhm ln khi xt du l a thc c 2 nghim v an du trn 3 khong s cho kt
qu sai ! Hy lm nh sau :

1 1
3 2 2
1 1
x x dx x x 1dx

=

=
1 2
2 2
0 1
x x 1 dx x x 1 dx +

=
Cc bi tp rn luyn :
1.
2
3
0
x x dx

2.
2
1
x 1dx

3.
1
2
0
9x 6x 1dx +

4.
3
4
4
1 cos2xdx

5.
2
3 2
2
cos x cos xdx

Tch phn tng phn

1. Tch phn dng : , ( )
b
a
P x sinxdx

( )
b
a
P x cosxdx

t u = P(x) gim bc ca P(x) .
VD . Tnh
2
0
x sinxdx

t
2
du 2xdx u x
v cosx dv sinxdx
= =

= =

. Do :
( )
2 2 2
0 0 0
x sinxdx x cosx 2xcosxdx 2 xcosxdx
0

= + = +

Ta s tnh tch phn :
0
xcosxdx

12
2007
bi ging tch phn > Phm Kim Chung _ Trng THPT ng Thc Ha

0974.337.449 ___________________________ Thng 12 nm 2007 ___________________ Trang 23
t
u x du dx
dv cosxdx v sinx
= =


= =

. Do :

0 0
xcosxdx x.sinx sinxdx cosx 2
0 0


= = =


Vy
2 2
0
x sinxdx 4

Bi tp t luyn :
1.
2
2
0
xcos xdx

2.
3
0
x cosxdx

3.
6
2
0
x sinxcos xdx

4.
2
2 3
0
x cos xdx

5.
3 3
0
x
x sin dx
2

2. Tch phn dng : ( )
b
a
P x lnxdx

t dv = P(x)dx d tm v .