Kha hc LTH mn Ha Thy Ngc Phng php gii cc bi tp c trng v Axit cacboxylic
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PHNG PHP GII CC BI TP C TRNG V AXIT CACBOXYLIC BI TP T LUYN
Dng 1: Xc nh CTPT t CT thc nghim Cu 1: Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C 3 H 4 O 3 ) n , cng thc phn t ca X l A. C 6 H 8 O 6. B. C 3 H 4 O 3. C. C 12 H 16 O 12. D. C 9 H 12 O 9.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2008) Cu 2: Mt axit hu c no mch h c cng thc thc nghim (C 3 H 5 O 2 ) n . Cng thc phn t ca axit ny l A. C 3 H 5 O 2. B. C 6 H 10 O 4. C. C 18 H 30 O 12. D. C 12 H 20 O 8.
Dng 2: Bi tp v phn ng t chy Cu 1: t chy hon ton 3 gam cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v 1,8 gam H 2 O. Bit cht X tc dng vi Na 2 CO 3 gii phng CO 2 . Cng thc phn t ca cht X l A. CH 3 COOH. B. HOOC-CH 2 -COOH. C. (COOH) 2 . D. HCOOCH 3.
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O 2 ( ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 0,2 mol H 2 O. Gi tr ca V l A. 8,96 lt. B. 11,2 lt . C. 6,72 lt. D. 4,48 lt. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007) Cu 3: t chy hon ton mt axit a chc X thu c 0,6 mol CO 2 v 0,5 mol nc. Bit mch cacbon ca X l mch thng. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HOOC-COOH . B. HOOC-CH 2 -COOH. C. HOOC-C(CH 2 ) 2 -COOH . D. HOOC-(CH 2 ) 4 -COOH. Cu 4: Axit X c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 4,38 gam axit hu c X thu c 4,032 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam nc. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HOOC(CH 2 ) 2 COOH. B. HOOC(CH 2 ) 3 COOH. C. HOOC(CH 2 ) 4 COOH. D. HOOCCH 2 CH=CHCH 2 COOH. Cu 5: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c X l mui natri ca mt axit hu c n chc no, mch h thu c 0,15 mol kh CO 2 , hi nc v Na 2 CO 3 . Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C 2 H 5 COONa. B. HCOONa. C. C 3 H 7 COONa. D. CH 3 COONa. Cu 6: t chy hon ton 1,608 gam cht hu c A ch thu c 1,272 gam Na 2 CO 3 v 0,528 gam CO 2 . Cho A tc dng vi dung dch HCl th thu c mt axit hu c 2 ln axit B. Cng thc cu to ca A l A. NaOOC-CH 2 -COONa. B. NaOOC-COOH. C. NaOOC-COONa. D. NaOOC-CH=CH-COONa. Dng 3: Bi tp v in ly, K a ca axit Cu 1: Trong 500 ml dung dch CH 3 COOH 0,02M, in li 4% c cha s ht vi m l A. 6,02 10 21 B.1,204 10 22 C. 6,26 10 21 D. p n khc. Cu 2: Dung dch axit fomic 0,92% c khi lng ring 1 g/ml. in li ca axit fomic trong iu kin ny l 0,5%. Nng mol/lt ca H + trong dung dch (b qua s in li ca nc) l A. 10 -3 M. B. 10 -2 M. C. 0,2 M. D. 1 M. Cu 3: in li ca CH 3 COOH trong dung dch 0,01M l 4,25%. Nng ion H + trong dung dch ny l A. 0,425M. B. 0,0425M. C. 0,85M. D. 0,000425M. Cu 4: Cho dung dch CH 3 COOH c in li = 1%, nng C A , pH = a v dung dch NH 3 c in li = 0,1%, nng C B , pH = b. Bit b = a + 9. Quan h C A /C B l A. C A = 1/C B. B. C A = 8C B. C. C A = C 8 + 5. D. C A = 9C B.
Cu 5: Dung dch axt CH 3 COOH 0,1M c pH = 3. Hng s axt K a ca CH 3 COOH l A. 2.10 -5 B. 1.10 -5 C. 5.10 -6 D. 1,5.10 -6
Cu 6: Bit hng s axit ca CH 3 COOH: 3 -5 a (CH COOH) K = 1,5 10 . pH ca dung dch hn hp CH 3 COOH 0,1M v CH 3 COONa 0,1M l A. 4,824. B. 3,378. C. 1,987. D. 2,465. Kha hc LTH mn Ha Thy Ngc Phng php gii cc bi tp c trng v Axit cacboxylic
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Cu 7: Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH 3 COOH 0,1M v CH 3 COONa 0,1M. Bit 25 0 C, K a ca CH 3 COOH l 1,75.10 -5 v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 25 0 C l A. 1,00. B. 4,24. C. 2,88. D. 4,76. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009) Cu 8: Dung dch X gm CH 3 COOH 1M (K a =1,75.10 -5 ) v HCl 0,001M. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l A.1,77. B. 2,33. C. 2,43. D. 2,55. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2011) Dng 4: Bi tp v cc tnh cht Ha hc ca axit Cu 1: Cho 21,6 gam hn hp gm ru etylic, axit fomic v etylenglicol tc dng vi Na kim loi d thu c 0,3 mol kh H 2 thot ra. Khi lng ca etylenglicol trong hn hp l A. 12,4 gam. B. 6,2 gam. C. 15,4 gam. D. 9,2 gam. Cu 2: Trung ha 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c hn hp cht rn khan c khi lng l A. 6,84 gam. B. 4,90 gam. C. 6,80 gam. D. 8,64 gam. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2008) Cu 3: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp gm phenol v axit axetic tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2,5M. Phn trm s mol ca phenol trong hn hp l A. 60%. B. 51,08%. C. 40%. D. 48,92%. Cu 4: trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l A. CH 3 COOH. B. C 3 H 7 COOH. C. C 2 H 5 COOH. D. HCOOH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007) Cu 5: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO 3 thu c 7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH 2 =CH-COOH. B. HCC-COOH. C. CH 3 -CH 2 -COOH. D. CH 3 COOH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007) Cu 6: Cho 11,16 gam hn hp 2 axit n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi NaHCO 3
thu c 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca hai axit l A. HCOOH v CH 3 COOH. B. CH 3 COOH v C 2 H 5 COOH. C. C 2 H 3 COOH v C 3 H 5 COOH. D. C 2 H 5 COOH v C 3 H 7 COOH. Cu 7: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C 2 H 5 COOH. B. CH 3 COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C 3 H 7 COOH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2008) Cu 8: Trung ha mt lng axit hu c n chc A bng NaOH va . C cn dung dch sau phn ng ri t chy ht lng mui khan thu c 7,92 gam CO 2 ; 6,36 gam Na 2 CO 3 v hi nc. Cng thc ca X l A. HCOOH. B. C 2 H 3 COOH. C. CH 3 COOH. D. C 2 H 5 COOH. Cu 9: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH 2 -COOH. C. HCOOH, C 2 H 5 COOH. D. HCOOH, CH 3 COOH . (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2009) Cu 10: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO 2 . Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l A. HOOC-CH 2 -COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. C. HOOC-CH 2 -COOH v 54,88% . D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009) Kha hc LTH mn Ha Thy Ngc Phng php gii cc bi tp c trng v Axit cacboxylic
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Cu 11: Cho 100 gam dung dch 23% ca mt axit n chc (dung dch A). Thm 30 gam mt axit ng ng lin tip vo dung dch A ta c dung dch B. Trung ha 1/10 dung dch B bng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M (va ) ta c dung dch C. Cng thc phn t ca cc axit l A. HCOOH v CH 3 COOH. B. CH 3 COOH v C 2 H 5 COOH. C. C 2 H 5 COOH v C 3 H 7 COOH. D. C 3 H 7 COOH v C 4 H 9 COOH. Cu 12: Mt hn hp X gm mt axit no n chc v mt axit hu c khng no, n chc cha mt lin kt i C=C. Cho 16,8 gam hn hp X tc dng vi NaOH va thu c 22,3 gam hn hp mui. Mt khc, em t chy hon ton 16,8 gam hn hp X thu c 14,56 lt CO 2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca hai axit trong hn hp X l A. HCOOH v C 2 H 3 COOH. B. CH 3 COOH v C 2 H 3 COOH. C. C 2 H 5 COOH v C 3 H 5 COOH. D. HCOOH v C 3 H 5 COOH. Cu 13: un nng glixerin vi axit hu c n chc X (xc tc H 2 SO 4 c) thu c hn hp cc este trong c mt este c cng thc phn t l C 6 H 8 O 6 . Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HCOOH. B. CH 3 COOH. C. CH 2 =CH-COOH. D. CH 3 CH 2 COOH. Cu 14: Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , un nng th thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l A. axit acrylic. B. axit propanoic. C. axit etanoic. D. axit metacrylic. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009) Cu 15: Cho m gam hn hp gm hai cht X v Y u thuc dy ng ng ca axit metacrylic tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch Na 2 CO 3 0,5M. Thm tip vo dung dch HCl 1M cho n khi kh CO 2 ngng thot ra th thy tiu tn ht 100 ml. Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam hn hp A ri dn sn phm chy qua bnh I cha dung dch H 2 SO 4 c, sau qua bnh II cha dung dch NaOH c th thy tng khi lng ca bnh II nhiu hn bnh I l 20,5 gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 12,15 gam. B. 15,1 gam. C. 15,5 gam. D. 12,05 gam.