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Kha hc LTH mn Ha Thy Ngc Phng php gii cc bi tp c trng v Axit cacboxylic

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12


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PHNG PHP GII CC BI TP C TRNG V AXIT CACBOXYLIC
BI TP T LUYN

Dng 1: Xc nh CTPT t CT thc nghim
Cu 1: Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
, cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
6
H
8
O
6.
B. C
3
H
4
O
3.
C. C
12
H
16
O
12.
D. C
9
H
12
O
9.

(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2008)
Cu 2: Mt axit hu c no mch h c cng thc thc nghim (C
3
H
5
O
2
)
n
. Cng thc phn t ca axit ny
l
A. C
3
H
5
O
2.
B. C
6
H
10
O
4.
C. C
18
H
30
O
12.
D. C
12
H
20
O
8.

Dng 2: Bi tp v phn ng t chy
Cu 1: t chy hon ton 3 gam cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) thu c 4,4 gam CO
2
v 1,8 gam H
2
O.
Bit cht X tc dng vi Na
2
CO
3
gii phng CO
2
. Cng thc phn t ca cht X l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH.
C. (COOH)
2
. D. HCOOCH
3.

Cu 2: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O
2
( ktc), thu c
0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96 lt. B. 11,2 lt . C. 6,72 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007)
Cu 3: t chy hon ton mt axit a chc X thu c 0,6 mol CO
2
v 0,5 mol nc. Bit mch cacbon
ca X l mch thng. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HOOC-COOH . B. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH.
C. HOOC-C(CH
2
)
2
-COOH . D. HOOC-(CH
2
)
4
-COOH.
Cu 4: Axit X c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 4,38 gam axit hu c X thu c
4,032 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7 gam nc. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HOOC(CH
2
)
2
COOH. B. HOOC(CH
2
)
3
COOH.
C. HOOC(CH
2
)
4
COOH. D. HOOCCH
2
CH=CHCH
2
COOH.
Cu 5: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c X l mui natri ca mt axit hu c n chc no, mch h
thu c 0,15 mol kh CO
2
, hi nc v Na
2
CO
3
. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
COONa. B. HCOONa. C. C
3
H
7
COONa. D. CH
3
COONa.
Cu 6: t chy hon ton 1,608 gam cht hu c A ch thu c 1,272 gam Na
2
CO
3
v 0,528 gam CO
2
.
Cho A tc dng vi dung dch HCl th thu c mt axit hu c 2 ln axit B. Cng thc cu to ca A l
A. NaOOC-CH
2
-COONa. B. NaOOC-COOH.
C. NaOOC-COONa. D. NaOOC-CH=CH-COONa.
Dng 3: Bi tp v in ly, K
a
ca axit
Cu 1: Trong 500 ml dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,02M, in li 4% c cha s ht vi m l
A. 6,02 10
21
B.1,204 10
22
C. 6,26 10
21
D. p n khc.
Cu 2: Dung dch axit fomic 0,92% c khi lng ring 1 g/ml. in li ca axit fomic trong iu kin
ny l 0,5%. Nng mol/lt ca H
+
trong dung dch (b qua s in li ca nc) l
A. 10
-3
M. B. 10
-2
M. C. 0,2 M. D. 1 M.
Cu 3: in li ca CH
3
COOH trong dung dch 0,01M l 4,25%. Nng ion H
+
trong dung dch ny
l
A. 0,425M. B. 0,0425M. C. 0,85M. D. 0,000425M.
Cu 4: Cho dung dch CH
3
COOH c in li = 1%, nng C
A
, pH = a v dung dch NH
3
c in
li = 0,1%, nng C
B
, pH = b. Bit b = a + 9. Quan h C
A
/C
B
l
A. C
A
= 1/C
B.
B. C
A
= 8C
B.
C. C
A
= C
8
+ 5. D. C
A
= 9C
B.

Cu 5: Dung dch axt CH
3
COOH 0,1M c pH = 3. Hng s axt K
a
ca CH
3
COOH l
A. 2.10
-5
B. 1.10
-5
C. 5.10
-6
D. 1,5.10
-6

Cu 6: Bit hng s axit ca CH
3
COOH:
3
-5
a (CH COOH)
K = 1,5 10 . pH ca dung dch hn hp CH
3
COOH
0,1M v CH
3
COONa 0,1M l
A. 4,824. B. 3,378. C. 1,987. D. 2,465.
Kha hc LTH mn Ha Thy Ngc Phng php gii cc bi tp c trng v Axit cacboxylic

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Cu 7: Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH
3
COOH 0,1M v CH
3
COONa 0,1M. Bit 25
0
C, K
a
ca
CH
3
COOH l 1,75.10
-5
v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 25
0
C l
A. 1,00. B. 4,24. C. 2,88. D. 4,76.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009)
Cu 8: Dung dch X gm CH
3
COOH 1M (K
a
=1,75.10
-5
) v HCl 0,001M. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A.1,77. B. 2,33. C. 2,43. D. 2,55.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2011)
Dng 4: Bi tp v cc tnh cht Ha hc ca axit
Cu 1: Cho 21,6 gam hn hp gm ru etylic, axit fomic v etylenglicol tc dng vi Na kim loi d thu
c 0,3 mol kh H
2
thot ra. Khi lng ca etylenglicol trong hn hp l
A. 12,4 gam. B. 6,2 gam. C. 15,4 gam. D. 9,2 gam.
Cu 2: Trung ha 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c hn hp cht rn khan c khi lng l
A. 6,84 gam. B. 4,90 gam. C. 6,80 gam. D. 8,64 gam.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2008)
Cu 3: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp gm phenol v axit axetic tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH
2,5M. Phn trm s mol ca phenol trong hn hp l
A. 60%. B. 51,08%. C. 40%. D. 48,92%.
Cu 4: trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH
2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. C
3
H
7
COOH. C. C
2
H
5
COOH. D. HCOOH.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007)
Cu 5: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO
3
thu c 7,28 gam mui
ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
2
=CH-COOH. B. HCC-COOH. C. CH
3
-CH
2
-COOH. D. CH
3
COOH.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007)
Cu 6: Cho 11,16 gam hn hp 2 axit n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi NaHCO
3

thu c 4,48 lt CO
2
(ktc). Cng thc cu to ca hai axit l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
3
COOH v C
3
H
5
COOH. D. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH.
Cu 7: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH
0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t
ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2008)
Cu 8: Trung ha mt lng axit hu c n chc A bng NaOH va . C cn dung dch sau phn ng
ri t chy ht lng mui khan thu c 7,92 gam CO
2
; 6,36 gam Na
2
CO
3
v hi nc. Cng thc ca
X l
A. HCOOH. B. C
2
H
3
COOH. C. CH
3
COOH. D. C
2
H
5
COOH.
Cu 9: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol
hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M. Hai axit l
A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH
2
-COOH.
C. HCOOH, C
2
H
5
COOH. D. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH .
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2009)
Cu 10: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X
thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H
2
( ktc). t chy
hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO
2
. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z
trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%.
C. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 54,88% . D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009)
Kha hc LTH mn Ha Thy Ngc Phng php gii cc bi tp c trng v Axit cacboxylic

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Cu 11: Cho 100 gam dung dch 23% ca mt axit n chc (dung dch A). Thm 30 gam mt axit ng
ng lin tip vo dung dch A ta c dung dch B. Trung ha 1/10 dung dch B bng 500 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,2M (va ) ta c dung dch C. Cng thc phn t ca cc axit l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH v C
4
H
9
COOH.
Cu 12: Mt hn hp X gm mt axit no n chc v mt axit hu c khng no, n chc cha mt lin
kt i C=C. Cho 16,8 gam hn hp X tc dng vi NaOH va thu c 22,3 gam hn hp mui. Mt
khc, em t chy hon ton 16,8 gam hn hp X thu c 14,56 lt CO
2
(ktc). Cng thc cu to ca
hai axit trong hn hp X l
A. HCOOH v C
2
H
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
3
COOH.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
5
COOH. D. HCOOH v C
3
H
5
COOH.
Cu 13: un nng glixerin vi axit hu c n chc X (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c hn hp cc este
trong c mt este c cng thc phn t l C
6
H
8
O
6
. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. CH
2
=CH-COOH. D. CH
3
CH
2
COOH.
Cu 14: Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH
1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng
th thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit acrylic. B. axit propanoic. C. axit etanoic. D. axit metacrylic.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009)
Cu 15: Cho m gam hn hp gm hai cht X v Y u thuc dy ng ng ca axit metacrylic tc dng
vi 300 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
0,5M. Thm tip vo dung dch HCl 1M cho n khi kh CO
2
ngng
thot ra th thy tiu tn ht 100 ml. Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam hn hp A ri dn sn phm
chy qua bnh I cha dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, sau qua bnh II cha dung dch NaOH c th thy tng
khi lng ca bnh II nhiu hn bnh I l 20,5 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,15 gam. B. 15,1 gam. C. 15,5 gam. D. 12,05 gam.




Gio vin: V Khc Ngc
Ngun: Hocmai.vn

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