TNG CNG TY IN LC TP H CH MINH CNG TY TH NGHIM IN

TI LIU BI HUN
TH NGHIM THIT B IN PHN NHT TH

Bin son: Ths L Ngc Tm

Tp H Ch Minh, thng 7 nm 2013

MC LC
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 TNG QUAN V CNG TC TH NGHIM THIT B IN 5 Khi qut v cng tc th nghim cc thit b in ............................................................................................................. 5 Cc phng php nh gi v th nghim thit b in.................................................................................................... 11 Cc quy nh chung v cng tc th nghim in i vi thit b nht th ...................................................................... 12 Trnh t t chc thc hin cng tc th nghim nht th .................................................................................................. 14 An ton trong th nghim thit b in trn h thng in ............................................................................................... 16 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 TH NGHIM IN TR CCH IN CA CC THIT B IN 22

Cc ch tiu nh gi c tnh cch in ca cch in rn .............................................................................................. 22 Cc yu t nh hng n cch in ca thit b v cch khc phc ............................................................................... 23 Cc h s hiu chnh v nhit khi o in tr cch in:............................................................................................. 27 Quy trnh thc hin cc php o v ghi s liu: ............................................................................................................... 27 Vic nh gi kt qu o v tiu chun p dng: ............................................................................................................. 28 S u ni khi o vi cc thit b in c trng: ....................................................................................................... 29 Gii thiu mt s loi cu o in tr cch in (Mgmmet) thng dng: .................................................................... 30 3 TH NGHIM O IN TR MT CHIU CUN DY MY BIN P 33

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8

ngha ca php o in tr mt chiu i vi cc my bin p: ................................................................................... 33 Cc phng php o in tr mt chiu........................................................................................................................... 33 Nhng yu cu khi thc hin php o .............................................................................................................................. 33 Cc lu v sai s trong qu trnh o .............................................................................................................................. 33 Cc lu v an ton trong qu trnh o............................................................................................................................ 34 o in tr mt chiu bng phng php vn-ampe........................................................................................................ 34 o in tr mt chiu bng thit b o chuyn dng........................................................................................................ 35 Tiu chun p dng........................................................................................................................................................... 36 4 TH NGHIM O IN TR TIP A 37

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

Khi nim v h thng ni t v cc phn t lin quan: ................................................................................................. 37 La chn thit b o v dng c o: ................................................................................................................................. 39 Mt s phng php o in tr ni t in hnh:.......................................................................................................... 39 Cc nguyn nhn nh hng n kt qu o v bin php khc phc:............................................................................. 44 Cc bc tin hnh o in tr ni t:............................................................................................................................ 45 o in tr sut ca t:................................................................................................................................................... 46 5 TH NGHIM CAO P MT CHIU: 49

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6

ngha ca th nghim cao p mt chiu i vi cch in ca cc thit b in........................................................... 49 Yu cu k thut ca th nghim cao p mt chiu. ........................................................................................................ 49 La chn phng php v s th nghim: .................................................................................................................. 49 La chn thit b v dng c th nghim: ........................................................................................................................ 51 Th tc tin hnh php th nghim cao p mt chiu v ghi s liu. ............................................................................... 51 Mt s lu trong qu trnh th nghim cao p mt chiu:............................................................................................. 53 6 TH NGHIM CAO P XOAY CHIU TN S CNG NGHIP 54

6.1 6.2 6.3

ngha ca th nghim cao p xoay chiu tn s cng nghip: ...................................................................................... 54 Yu cu k thut ca th nghim cao p xoay chiu........................................................................................................ 54 La chn phng php v s th nghim: .................................................................................................................. 54

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6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7

La chn thit b v dng c th nghim:........................................................................................................................ 54 Th tc tin hnh php th nghim cao p xoay chiu v ghi s liu. ............................................................................. 55 Mt s lu trong qu trnh th nghim cao p xoay chiu ............................................................................................ 56 Gii thiu mt s thit b th nghim cao p xoay chiu. ................................................................................................ 57 7 TH NGHIM MY BIN P IN LC 58

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5

Khi nim v th nghim my bin p.............................................................................................................................. 58 Cc hng mc th nghim my bin p............................................................................................................................. 58 Th nghim lp mi .......................................................................................................................................................... 59 Th nghim nh k .......................................................................................................................................................... 60 Gii thiu cc tiu chun th nghim MBA...................................................................................................................... 61 7.6 Cc hng mc th nghim ang thc hin v tiu chun nh gi 8 TH NGHIM DU CCH IN: 66

8.1 c tnh ca du cch in v khi lng tiu chun th nghim du cch in trong lp mi v nh k ca cc thit b in: 666 8.2 8.3 8.4 Th nghim in p phng ca mu du:......................................................................................................................... 73 Gii thiu v cc thit b th nghim in p phng ca du:.......................................................................................... 78 Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng du my bin p trong vn hnh: ......................................................................... 80 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 CNG TC NP KH SF6: 84

c im tnh cht ca kh SF6:....................................................................................................................................... 84 Cc i lng p lc thng dng trong tnh ton p lc kh SF6:.................................................................................. 84 Cc lu v an ton trong qu trnh s dng v np kh SF6:......................................................................................... 85 Khi lng kim tra SF6 i vi cc my ct trong lp mi v nh k:......................................................................... 85 10 TH NGHIM CHNG ST VAN 88

10.1 Gii thiu cc loi chng st van c bn c lp v s dng trn li in v cc thng s k thut lin quan: ......... 88 10.2 Hng dn tnh ton, la chn chng st van: ................................................................................................................. 91 10.3 Khi lng th nghim chng st van: ............................................................................................................................ 94 11 T NG CT TRUNG P 99

11.1 Khi nim chung .............................................................................................................................................................. 99 11.2 Phn loi my ct t hp b ............................................................................................................................................. 99 11.3 B truyn ng ............................................................................................................................................................... 101 11.4 An ton khi lm vic vi t hp b ................................................................................................................................ 101 11.5 Th nghim thit b ng ct t hp b........................................................................................................................... 102 12 BO DNG V TH NGHIM CP 114

12.1 Cu to cp:.................................................................................................................................................................... 114 12.2 Khi lng v hng mc th nghim th nghim cp lc cao p ................................................................................... 114 12.3 Hng dn th nghim cao p mt chiu cp lc. ......................................................................................................... 115 12.4 Cng tc chun b ........................................................................................................................................................... 116 12.5 Phng php th nghim ............................................................................................................................................... 116 13 MY CT CAO P 123

13.1 Khi nim chung ............................................................................................................................................................ 123 13.2 Phn loi my ct cao p ................................................................................................................................................ 123 13.3 Th nghim thit b ng ct........................................................................................................................................... 125

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13.4 o in tr tip xc ........................................................................................................................................................ 134 14.5 Phn tch thi gian chuyn ng ca my ct................................................................................................................. 137 Ti liu tham kho .......................................................................................................................................................... 143

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TNG QUAN V CNG TC TH NGHIM THIT B NHT TH

1.1 Khi qut v cng tc th nghim cc thit b nht th 1.1.1 Mc ch, ngha cng tc bo dng, th nghim thit b in. a. Mc ch ca cng tc bo dng, th nghim thit b in: S vn hnh an ton ca h thng in ph thuc rt nhiu vo cht lng vn hnh ca cc phn t thit b trong h thng in. Cht lng vn hnh ca thit b li c quyt nh bi cht lng, cc c tnh c, in, nhit, ha v tui th ca cc vt liu s dng lm kt cu cch in ca thit b in. t c yu cu v s vn hnh tin cy ca thit b in, cng nh ca h thng in, cn phi phi hp p dng nhiu gii php khc nhau t khu nghin cu ch to cc vt liu cch in n khu chn la vt liu cch in ph hp sau l khu thit k cch in v sau cng l khu ch to sn phm hon thin. Tuy nhin, cc gii php trn cha m bo an ton cch in theo yu cu. Trong qu trnh sn xut v s dng hng lot, trang thit b in p cao kh trnh khi xut hin nhng khuyt tt trong cch in, vi mt xc sut nht nh no , do nhng sai st trong ch to, vn chuyn, lp rp hoc trong thi gian vn hnh cng nh do nhng tc nhn bn ngoi cha lng trc c. gim thp mt cch ng k xc sut s c do h hng cch in, cn phi p dng mt h thng kim tra, th nghim cht lng kt cu cch in bng nhiu cng on vi nhiu th nghim khc nhau trong qu trnh ch to, kim tra xut xng, ng in nghim thu sau khi lp t cng nh nh k th nghim trong qu trnh vn hnh m bo s lm vic tin cy ca thit b. b ngha ca cng tc th nghim in: Vic p dng h thng kim tra th nghim in c nhiu ngha tch cc trong cng tc qun l v vn hnh h thng in, c th l: Xt v mt kinh t th y l bin php hp l nng cao s an ton ca cch in v trong phn ln cc trng hp tng chi ph thc hin bin php ny cng vi cc chi ph cho s sa cha hay thay th nhng kt cu cch in khng t yu cu pht hin c sau khi kim tra th nghim nh hn nhiu cc tn tht do cc s c gy nn bi s h hng cch in, dn n h hng thit b lm gin on vn hnh h thng in. Xt ring r tng thit b, bin php kim tra, th nghim pht hin cc khuyt tt (khng th chp nhn c) c th kp thi bo dng, sa cha, thay th cng em li hiu qu trong vn hnh. Tuy nhin, hiu qu kinh t ca h thng kim tra, th nghim ny ch c c khi s cc chi tit b loi b qua qu trnh kim tra, th nghim khng nhiu, chim t l nh trong gi thnh thit b. Trong trng hp ngc li, vic thay th thit b mi, loi b cc thit b c s em li hiu qu kinh t hn. ng v gc k thut th vic t chc thc hin tt cng tc th nghim i i vi bo dng s gp phn nng cao tui th lm vic ca thit b v gim thiu n mc thp nht cc s
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s xy ra trn thit b, m bo s vn hnh tin cy v nng cao n nh ca h thng in. Ngy nay vi s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cc h thng kim tra gim st cht lng trc tuyn phn no gip cho cc nh qun l h thng v cc nhn vin qun l vn hnh nm bt c kp thi cc thng tin lin quan n tnh trng ca cc thit b chnh trong trm, nh my t ra nhng hot ng kim tra b sung hoc khc phc phng nga hp l S p dng h thng kim tra khng gim thp yu cu i vi cht lng ch to. Ngc li, qua kim tra th nghim, cho php pht hin nhng ch cha hp l trong thit k v trong cng ngh ch to, c hng sa i cc sn phm thit b ngy cng thch hp v hon thin hn. 1.1.2 Cc loi th nghim thit b in: H thng cc cng on th nghim kim tra i vi cc thit b c p dng trong thc t hin nay bao gm cc bc sau: a. Cc th nghim ti nh ch to: Th nghim thit b in ti nh ch to l cng on quan trng nht trong h thng cc cng on th nghim thit b in. Nhiu hng mc th nghim thit b in thng yu cu to ra cc in p cao, cc dng in ln, cng nh cc yu cu nghim ngt khc v thi gian, dng sng... nn chi ph cho vic u t cho thit b th rt ln v ch c cc nh ch to mi c kh nng thc hin. Ngoi ra, nhiu hng mc th nghim ph hng mu th nn pht sinh chi ph sn xut ng k cho cng tc th nghim ny. Th nghim thit b ti nh ch to bao gm cc th nghim: Th nghim chng loi (Type tests) hay cn c tn gi th nghim thit k (Design Tests). Th nghim thng l (Routine Tests) hay cn c tn gi th nghim xut xng (Production Tests). Ngoi ra, trong mt s trng hp theo yu cu c bit ca khch hng, nh ch to cn thc hin cc th nghim gi l th nghim c bit (Special Test). Cng tc th nghim ca nh sn xut bao gm th nghim cc chi tit, cc phn t cu thnh v th nghim tng th thit b. Cc chi tit, cc phn t cu thnh v thit b tng th u c tin hnh qua cc bc th nghim chng loi, th nghim xut xng. b.Cc th nghim sau khi lp t: Cc thit b sau khi c lp t ti hin trng phi c th nghim nghim thu trc khi ng in a vo vn hnh trong h thng. Cc th nghim ny c gi l cc th nghim ti hin trng (Site tests). i vi cc nh my, cc h thng ln, s thc hin th nghim nghim thu chy th tng hp ton h thng (Commisioning tests). Mc ch ca cc th nghim ny nhm loi tr cc sai st khng c pht hin trong qu trnh ch to i vi tng sn phm ring r, loi b cc sai st trong qu trnh vn chuyn, lp t. Ngoi ra, khi 1 thit b mi a vo vn hnh trn li s c nh hng n s vn chung
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ca ton li, nn cc thit b ny phi c th nghim kim tra nghim ngt nhm hn ch thp nht vic h hng thit b, gy nh hng n s vn hnh chung ca h thng. Mc ch ca th nghim trc khi ng in thit b in a vo vn hnh cn nhm nh gi chnh xc tnh nng ca thit b sau khi lp t so vi gi tr nh mc v nh gi kt qu ca cng tc lp t ton h thng. Vic th nghim thit b in thng c tin hnh ti ch ngay sau khi lp t, hiu chnh thit b, Th nghim nghim thu c thc hin i vi thit b mi lp t trc khi ng in. Khi lng, tiu chun th nghim ca cc th nghim ti hin trng ph thuc vo tiu chun c th ca tng Quc gia, tng Cng ty in lc. Tuy vy, cc Quc gia, hay cc Cng ty in lc cng tham kho theo cc h thng tiu chun chung, cc khuyn co, t vn ca nh sn xut khi qui nh khi lng, tiu chun th nghim ca cc th nghim ti hin trng ca mnh. c. Cc th nghim nh k trong vn hnh: Trong qu trnh vn hnh, tnh trng ca cch in phi c nh k kim tra bng cc th nghim phng nga v th nghim sau sa cha. Nh th nghim phng nga, tin hnh nh k, c th pht hin c nhng khuyt tt v cch in (m, nt, bc kh), v c kh (lng mi ni, nt, gy, n mn..), v phn dn in v phn h thng t xut hin trong vn hnh do nhiu nguyn nhn, k c nhng nhn t ngu nhin cha lng trc c v nhng khuyt tt do cch in gi ci t nhin trong qu trnh lm vic lu di. Nu pht hin kp thi nhng khuyt tt th trong nhiu trng hp c th phc hi li tnh trng ban u (trong iu kin c th) ngn nga s c, bo m s lm vic an ton v lin tc ca trang thit b in. Th nghim bo dng d phng c tin hnh u n trong sut thi hn s dng ca thit b. Cc th nghim ny c chia thnh hai loi: th nghim trc khi bo dng v th nghim sau khi bo dng nhm so snh nh gi kt qu ca cng tc bo dng. Nhim v ca kim tra phng nga cng cn bao gm c cc bin php sa cha, phc hi cch in c du hiu suy gim tnh nng, nhm nng cao thi gian phc v ca trang thit b in v gim thp nhng kh nng c th gy nn s c (nh sy, lm sch...) Khi lng, phng php v tiu chun kim tra th nghim c qui nh bi cc tiu chun nh nc, cc iu kin k thut, kinh t ni vn hnh v cc qui trnh k thut vn hnh cc trang thit b tng ng. Bi v hiu qu th nghim, hay l xc sut pht hin ng n cch in b khuyt tt ph thuc vo phng php th nghim, phm cht ca dng c o, cng nh cc tiu chun nh trc, c trng cho cch in bnh thng v cch in khuyt tt. Hin nay, khi lng th nghim, chu k tin hnh v cc tiu chun chp nhn hoc loi b c xc nh bng thc nghim v khng ngng c nghin cu ngy cng hon thin.

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1.1.3 Cc ch bo dng thit b in. a. nh ngha: Cng tc bo dng d phng v th nghim thit b in l h thng cc quy trnh, quy phm, th tc qun l, vn hnh, gim st s hot ng, bo dng cc chi tit ca thit b, d bo cc h hng c th xy ra, ra bin php thay th, sa cha cc chi tit c nguy c b h hng, th nghim cc c tnh lm vic ca thit b. b. Chc nng v mc ch ca cng tc bo dng d phng: Cc chc nng v mc ch chnh bao gm: 1. Duy tr tt iu kin vn hnh ca cc thit b nhm m bo s p ng ca thit b theo cc mc yu cu trong vn hnh 2. m bo duy tr cc tnh nng k thut ca cc thit b in ca nh my, h thng truyn ti, phn phi... p ng yu cu vn hnh lin tc, an ton, tin cy. 3. Phc hi thit b v trng thi ban u v qua thit b c th phc hi li tui th vn hnh nh khi nghim thu c cht lng tt ban u. 4. Tit gim chi ph mang li hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh. 5. To nim tin cho cng nhn trong mi trng lm vic an ton. 6. V mt an ton: hn ch ri ro do hng hc, chy n thit b... C th ni cng tc bo dng d phng v th nghim thit b in cng ging nh vic chm sc y t, khm bnh thng xuyn vi con ngi. Phng chm chin lc thc hin y l phng bnh hn cha bnh, cc thit b in cng nh cc b phn c th con ngi phi c theo di thng xuyn v x l kp thi, d on trc cc din bin c th xy ra. Trong cng tc bo dng d phng v th nghim thit b in, yu t con ngi bao gi cng ng vai tr quyt nh. V vy, cng tc bo dng d phng v th nghim thit b in cn quan tm vic o to ton din cho i ng cn b k thut vn hnh s dng, cng nh bo dng, th nghim, hiu chnh. Cc quy tc c bn ca hot ng bo dng c th tm tt 4 yu cu sau y: Bo qun thit b ni kh ro, bo qun thit b ni mt m, gi cho thit b lun sch s, gi cho thit b lun kn... Cht lng vn hnh thit b, tin cy lm vic, xc sut h hng... quyt nh phng php tin hnh kim tra v ch hot ng bo dng thit b in. Cc ch kim tra, bo dng c th chia thnh cc nhm chnh sau: c. Ch bo dng cho ti khi h hng Vi ch bo dng ny, ngi ta khng cn quan tm ti vic bo dng. Thit b lm vic lin tc. Cc b phn b xung cp ch c sa cha hay thay th khi nh hng xung cp khng th chp nhn c, iu ny ng ngha vi h hng thit b. Vi hnh thc hot ng ny, thit b khng c d kin ch bo v ngn chn s xung cp, nhng hu qu ca s c c th chp nhn c, hoc c thit b hot ng ch d phng sn sng thay th.
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Nhn chung, cc thit b in c tin cy cao v c b tr bo v c chn lc nn khi mt b phn b h hng khng lm ly lan sang cc b phn khc. Nu thit b hay chi tit ca n b h hng s c thay th kp thi. d. Ch kim tra, bo dng khi cn Vic kim tra v bo dng thit b c tin hnh khng thng xuyn hoc nh k theo lch trnh. Cc nguy c h hng thng c pht hin sm v c sa cha kp thi. Tuy vy, khng c quy nh cht ch cc khu cn bo dng hay k hoch bo dng mt cch chi tit. Hnh thc hot ng ny thng c p dng cho cc thit b t quan trng v kinh t v k thut, s dng trong cc c s, h thng sn xut nh. e. Ch bo dng d phng theo k hoch Hot ng bo dng thit b cn c tin hnh thng xuyn theo lch trnh cht ch sau mt khong thi gian vn hnh hoc sau mt s chu trnh lm vic ca thit b. Quy trnh v trnh t bo dng da trn cc ch dn ca nh ch to hoc cc tiu chun k thut cng ngh. Cng tc bo dng hon ton c tnh cht chu k, tuy vy khng c u tin i vi mt thit b hay mt b phn no. Hnh thc bo dng ny thng c p dng cho cc thit b quan trng v kinh t v k thut trong cc c s, h thng sn xut ln. f. Ch bo dng nng cao tin cy vn hnh ca thit b. y l hnh thc bo dng tch cc nht v khoa hc nht. Quy trnh v th tc bo dng d phng c xy dng mt cch chi tit cn c vo cc d liu v xc sut h hng v tui th ca thit b nhm duy tr hot ng thng xuyn v m bo nng sut hot ng cao ca thit b. Trong qu trnh lm vic lin tc cp nht cc thng tin mi nht v i tng cn bo dng cng nh cc th tc v quy trnh, quy phm mi nhm phn nh kinh nghim vn hnh v bo dng ca thit b v tin b ca khoa hc cng ngh. y cng l hnh thc hot ng bo dng tin tin nht v n ci thin s lm vic an ton, tin cy, nng cao nng sut hot ng, gim chi ph vn hnh, bo dng v n ch trng n cc chi tit, b phn quan trng nht, c xc sut h hng nhiu nht m khng thc hin bo dng, kim tra chy th trn lan. Chng trnh bo dng v th nghim d phng t trng tm vo vic nng cao tin cy ca thit b cng nh a ra cc d bo v tnh trng thit b v hng dn cc bin php x l cc tnh hung. Vi s pht trin v hon thin ca cc thit b o lng, gim st, iu khin, cc h thng chng trnh phn mm tin hc cng nghip, cng tc bo dng v th nghim c pht hin v quyt nh x l kp thi m bo cht lng vn hnh ca thit b. 1.1.4 Chng trnh bo dng v th nghim thit b in khai thc ti u nhn lc, thit b v nng cao hiu qu cng tc bo dng v th nghim thit b in, cng tc bo dng v th nghim cn c thc hin theo cc chng
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trnh. Chng trnh bo dng d phng v th nghim thit b in phi tho mn cc tiu chun sau y: - Phi ph hp vi iu kin thc t ca h thng hin ti. - Phi c u tin ngun nhn lc, phng tin vt cht v thit b sa cha, o lng, th nghim. - Hot ng bo dng c u tin cho cc h thng v thit b quan trng, c cng sut ln, c nh hng quyt nh n ton h thng. - Chng trnh bo dng d phng v th nghim phi ch n c im ca thit b v c tnh ca mi trng. - Chng trnh bo dng d phng phi tnh n c im thc t ca nh my cng nh kinh nghim tch lu ti nh my v cc c s khc, cc ti liu cm nang k thut ca hng ch to. - Phi lun lun cp nht cc thng tin mi nht v tnh hnh sn xut, lch s vn hnh. - Chng trnh bo dng d phng v th nghim phi do cc nhn vin k thut c trnh cao m nhim. Cn b k thut chuyn v cng tc bo dng d phng v th nghim phi c trang b kin thc c bn v k thut in, nm vng nguyn l hot ng, tnh nng v cu trc ca thit b, k thut bo dng cc b phn, chi tit, k thut an ton in, cc quy trnh bo dng v th nghim thit b in. - i vi nhim v bo dng v th nghim cc chi tit quan trng phi do nhn vin k thut c kinh nghim, tng x l cc chi tit, thit b cng loi tng t m nhim. - Phi phn tch s b nguyn nhn xung cp h hng thit b v tm bin php khc phc Vic nghin cu, phn tch nguyn nhn h hng l nhim v quan trng ca chng trnh bo dng thit b in. Cc bc phn tch chnh nh sau: - D on s b nguyn nhn gy h hng cc chi tit sau khi xem xt, kim tra tng b phn. - So snh nguyn nhn h hng d on vi cc h hng tng xy ra i vi chi tit tng t xt xem h hng c tnh cht h thng hay ch c tnh ngu nhin, v d hot tnh ho hc ca mi trng c th l nguyn nhn chnh trong trng hp tip im ca r le b n mn. Nu nguyn nhn gy h hng khng c tnh h thng, tin hnh sa cha, thay th. Nu vn h hng c tnh cht hng lot cn tip xc vi hng cung cp thit b xc nh nguyn nhn v tm bin php khc phc. Nu vn h hng c lin quan n thit k h thng hoc ng dng thit b, yu t mi trng cn hiu chnh hoc thay th bng cc chi tit thch hp, kim tra ton h thng. Nu vn h hng lin quan ti thao tc vn hnh cn nhn dng ng nguyn nhn v sa i quy trnh vn hnh cho thch hp. - Xc nh chnh xc nguyn nhn h hng v ra cc bin php khc phc, k c vic gim st theo di thng xuyn. - Thc hin th nghim v ch bo kt qu sau khi tin hnh bo dng, hiu chnh.
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1.2 Cc phng php nh gi v th nghim thit b in 1.2.1 Cc phng php nh gi kh nng a cc thit b mi vo lm vic bnh thng Thit b in ca nh my in v trm bin p mc du c nhiu hnh dng, nhiu kiu nhng u bao gm nhng b phn c tn gi chung. Nhng b phn kt cu c tn gi ging nhau ca cc thit b in v nhng h hng ging nhau ca cc b phn quyt nh phng php tin hnh kim tra v th nghim. Nhng cng vic kim tra v th nghim cng vi nhng cng vic hiu chnh khc c th chia thnh nhng nhm sau: - Xc nh tnh trng cc b phn c kh ca thit b in - Xc nh tnh trng h thng t ca cc thit b in - Xc nh tnh trng cc b phn dn in v cc ch ni tip xc ca thit b in - Xc nh tnh trng cch in ca cc b phn dn in trong thit b in - Th nghim cc thit b in trong nhng iu kin nhn to nng n. ng vi mi nhm cng vic th nghim, kim tra v hiu chnh trn s s dng nhng phng php v dng c o chung cho nhiu loi thit b khc nhau. i vi cc thit b mi, nhng cng vic thc hin theo tng giai on ph thuc tin chung khi thi cng v lp t. Nhng nhim v chung a cc thit b in vo lm vic bao gm nhng giai on ch yu sau: a. Quan st kim tra bng mt cc thit b in y l cng vic lm trc khi tin hnh mi cng tc th nghim, kim tra v hiu chnh thit b v kt thc bng ln xem xt cn thn cui cng. Nh quan st thit b s pht hin c phn ln cc h hng v c v nhng ch mn g ca v my, li thp, cc u dy ra, cc ch ni, cch in ca cc b phn dn in, cch in gia cc vng dy ca cun dy. ng thi khi quan st s nh gi c tnh trng chung ca thit b, da vo l lch ca n xc nh thit b c ph hp vi thit k v vi cc yu cu k thut hay khng. Ngoi ra qua kim tra s c th pht hin v loi tr nhng vt l cn st li do s sut trong qu trnh lp t hoc ca nh ch to b. o v th nghim cc thit b in trng thi tnh y l mt trong nhng phng php c bn pht hin nhng h hng ca thit b in. Nhng vic o, kim tra v th nghim nh th cho php pht hin c nhng h hng n kn bn trong m khi quan st b ngoi trong qu trnh lp rp khng pht hin c, cho php kp thi sa cha hoc thay th thit b trc khi kt thc mi cng tc lp t. c. o v th nghim cc thit b in trng thi lm vic: c tin hnh trong qu trnh chy th thit b vi mc ch l thu thp cc thng s sau th nghim nh gi s ph hp v tnh nng ca thit b so vi c tnh thit k ca nh ch to qua cc s liu xut xng. Ngoi ra qua qu trnh ny c th pht hin thm tnh trng tt xu, cht lng lp rp cng nh c th tin hnh thm cc cng vic iu chnh v hiu chnh cn thit cc h thng ng.
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1.2.2 Cc th nghim nh gi v tnh trng cch in ca cc thit b Cc phng php c p dng tt c cc loi th nghim c th phn loi nh sau: - Th nghim bng in p tng cao, c kh nng ph hy (xuyn thng) cch in c khuyt tt: th nghim cao th mt chiu duy tr, th nghim cao th xoay chiu tng cao tn s cng nghip. y l loi th nghim c kh nng gy h hng cho thit b nu cch in ca chng b suy gim hoc c khuyt tt bn trong. - Th nghim khng gy h hng, nh o h s tn hao v o in tr r, h s hp th, o cc c tnh in dung in p thp v cc phng php kim tra khng in khc. Ngoi ra cn c vic th nghim in p lm vic hoc in p tng cao nhng vi xc sut xuyn thng b nh o tn hao in mi v c tnh phng in cc b in p xp x in p lm vic. - Thc ra, i vi phn ln cc kt cu cch in cao p, gia in p xuyn thng v cc thng s c trng khc ca cch in khng c quan h ton hc r rng v cht ch. Tuy nhin, kinh nghim vn hnh cho thy rng, cc thng s c trng cho cch in ngy cng km l mt biu hin ca s xut hin v tip tc pht trin ca cc loi khuyt tt trong cch in v do in p phng in xuyn thng cng ngy cng gim. Do , bng cc th nghim khng h hng c th pht hin kp thi cc khuyt tt v kp thi nh ch s lm vic ca n trc khi b ph hu hay gy s c. - Cc phng php kim tra, th nghim khc nhau nhm pht hin nhng khuyt tt khc nhau v tnh cht ca kt cu cch in. ng thi phi p dng nhiu loi th nghim khc nhau, trc ht l cc th nghim khng h hng v sau khi cch in c phc hi, sa cha mi th nghim bng in p tng cao vi bin thp hn so vi th nghim xut xng. 1.3 Cc quy nh chung v cng tc th nghim in i vi thit b nht th Phng php c bn nh gi tnh trng cc thit b in mi va c lp t xong v chun b a vo vn hnh l kim tra, o lng v so snh cc kt qu ny vi nhng tr s cho php c qui nh thnh tiu chun. Nhng qui nh chung v cng tc th nghim nh sau: 1. Cng tc th nghim, nghim thu bn giao cc thit b in phi tun th theo tiu chun ngnh TCN-26-87 Khi lng v tiu chun th nghim, nghim thu, bn giao cc thit b in ban hnh km quyt nh s 48 NL/KHKT ngy 14/03/87; Quy chun k thut Quc gia v k thut in Tp 5 Kim nh trang thit b h thng in. Khi tin hnh th nghim, nghim thu bn giao cc thit b in m khi lng v tiu chun khc vi nhng qui nh trong tiu chun nu trn th phi theo hng dn ring ca nh ch to. 2. Trong trng hp c th i vi cc thit b nht th gn y c cc qui trnh chuyn bit do Tp on in lc Vit Nam, Tng Cng ty in lc TP HCM ban hnh th cn phi tun th trc tin khi tin hnh cng tc th nghim nghim thu v th nghim nh k. 3. Ngoi nhng th nghim, nghim thu bn giao v phn in ca cc thit b in qui nh trong cc tiu chun, tt c cc thit b in cn phi kim tra s hot ng ca phn c theo hng dn ca nh my ch to.
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4. Vic kt lun v s hon ho ca thit b khi a vo vn hnh phi c da trn c s xem xt kt qu ton b cc th nghim lin quan n thit b . 5.Vic o lng, th nghim chy th theo cc ti liu hng dn ca nh my ch to, theo cc tiu chun, hng dn hin hnh trc khi a thit b in vo vn hnh cn phi lp y cc bin bn theo qui nh. 6. Vic th nghim in p tng cao l bt buc i vi cc thit b in p t cp 35kV tr xung. Khi c thit b th nghim th phi tin hnh c i vi cc thit b in p cao hn 35kV. 7. i vi cc thit b c in p danh nh cao hn in p vn hnh, chng c th c th nghim v in p tng cao theo tiu chun ph hp vi cp cch in in p vn hnh. 8. Khi tin hnh th nghim cch in ca cc kh c in bng in p tng cao tn s cng nghip ng thi vi vic th nghim cch in thanh ci c lin quan n cc thit b phn phi khc, in p th nghim c php ly theo tiu chun i vi thit b c in p th nghim nh nht. 9. Hng mc th nghim cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip l hng mc th sau cng v ch tin hnh khi cc hng mc kim tra nh gi trc v trng thi cch in cho thy khng c du hiu bt thng ca h thng cch in ca thit b. 10. Vic th nghim cch in bng in p 1000V (i vi cc thit b h th 220/380V) tn s cng nghip c th thay th bng cch o gi tr ca in tr cch in trong mt pht bng Mgmet 2500V. 11. Trong cc tiu chun th nghim, nghim thu bn giao thit b in dng cc thut ng di y: - in p th nghim tn s cng nghip (tn s ngun): L tr s hiu dng ca in p xoay chiu hnh sin tn s 50Hz (tn s ngun) m cch in bn trong v bn ngoi ca thit b in cn phi duy tr trong thi gian 1 pht (hoc 5 pht) trong iu kin th nghim xc nh. - Thit b in c cch in bnh thng: Thit b in c cch in bnh thng l thit b t trong cc trang b in chu tc ng ca qu in p kh quyn vi nhng bin php chng st thng thng. - Thit b in c cch in gim nh: L thit b in ch dng nhng trang b in khng chu tc ng ca qu in p kh quyn hoc phi c bin php chng st c bit hn ch bin qu in p kh quyn n tr s khng cao hn bin ca in p th nghim tn s ngun. - Cc kh c in: L cc my ct cc cp in p, cu dao cch ly, t cch ly, dao to ngn mch, cu chy, cu ch t ri, cc thit b chng st, cc cun khng hn ch dng in in dung, cc vt dn in c che chn trn b... - i lng o lng phi tiu chun: L i lng m gi tr tuyt i ca n khng qui nh bng cc hng dn tiu chun. Vic nh gi trng thi thit b trong trng hp ny c
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tin hnh bng cch so snh v cc s liu o lng tng t cng mt lot thit b c c tnh tt hoc vi nhng kt qu th nghim khc. - Cp in p ca thit b in: L in p danh nh ca h thng in m trong thit b in y lm vic. Cn b, cng nhn th nghim in l ngi trc tip s dng cc phng tin, thit b, dng c th nghim xc nh chnh xc y cc ch tiu k thut ca thit b t c nh gi, kt lun ng v cht lng vn hnh ca thit b m bo a thit b mi vo lm vic an ton chc chn, cng nh nh k kim tra, th nghim pht hin cc sai st, s xung cp ca thit b ang vn hnh c gii php ngn nga, x l kp thi. Cn b, cng nhn th nghim in c cc nhim v chnh sau: - Hiu bit v s dng chnh xc, thnh tho cc my mc, thit b, dng c o c trang b. - Nm vng khi lng v tiu chun th nghim ca cc i tng th nghim. - Hiu v nm vng quy trnh k thut an ton trong cng tc th nghim in v cc quy nh an ton khc lin quan n thit b, i tng th nghim. - m bo s chnh xc ca kt qu th nghim, c kt lun sau khi o c v chu trch nhim v cc s liu v cc bin bn, kt lun v kt qu th nghim do mnh thc hin. 1.4 Trnh t t chc thc hin cng tc th nghim nht th 1.4.1 Cc yu cu thc hin cng tc th nghim thit b nht th: a.Yu cu v ngi th nghim: Cn b, cng nhn th nghim in l ngi trc tip s dng cc phng tin, thit b, dng c th nghim xc nh chnh xc y cc ch tiu k thut ca thit b t c nh gi, kt lun ng v cht lng vn hnh ca thit b m bo a thit b mi vo lm vic an ton chc chn, cng nh nh k kim tra, th nghim pht hin cc sai st, s xung cp ca thit b ang vn hnh c gii php ngn nga, x l kp thi. thc hin cng tc th nghim hiu chnh cc cn b, cng nhn th nghim in phi l ngi: - c hun luyn, kim tra kin thc v quy trnh k thut an ton v c cp th an ton. - Hiu v nm vng quy trnh k thut an ton trong cng tc th nghim in v cc quy nh an ton khc lin quan n thit b, i tng th nghim. - c o to, hiu bit v s dng chnh xc, thnh tho cc my mc, thit b, dng c o chuyn dng. - Nm vng khi lng v tiu chun th nghim ca cc i tng th nghim. - c o to t yu cu v cc hng dn phng php th nghim cc thit b nht th.
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- m bo s chnh xc ca kt qu th nghim, c kt lun sau khi o c v chu trch nhim v cc s liu v cc bin bn, kt lun v kt qu th nghim do mnh thc hin. - c kim tra sc kho nh k hng nm v tiu chun lm vic theo yu cu cng vic ca n v. b.Yu cu v thit b th nghim: - Cc thit b th nghim phi c kim nh, hiu chun t yu cu k thut v cn hiu lc. - Cc thit b phi c qui trnh vn hnh c th km theo (i vi cc thit b o chuyn dng v a tnh nng) c cp lnh o ca n v ph duyt c.Yu cu v hng mc, tiu chun v phng php th nghim: - Hng mc th nghim c la chn theo 2 tiu ch: ph hp vi i tng c th nghim v loi hnh th nghim mi hay nh k. C s la chn hng mc th nghim: theo quy nh ca Tp on in lc Vit nam v nh ch to. - Tiu chun th nghim c xc nh nh sau: + Thit b c cung cp theo n hng (hp ng kinh t, h s thu) th th nghim theo nhng tiu chun nu trong phn c tnh k thut yu cu ca n hng . + Khi thit b mua l hoc trong n hng khng nu r c tnh k thut cn thit, thit b c ch to theo tiu chun no (c ghi trong ti liu k thut v/hoc bin bn xut xng ca thit b) th phi c th nghim theo ng yu cu ca tiu chun , cc gi tr th nghim phi cn c theo tiu chun v tham kho theo bin bn th nghim xut xng ca nh ch to. + i vi cc vt t thit b khng r xut x ch to v khng c ti liu k thut, bin bn th nghim xut xng km theo th ngi th nghim yu cu khch hng chp nhn p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN) th nghim. Trng hp khch hng cha chp nhn th theo TCVN th phi c s trao i v tho thun gia i bn thng nht tng hng mc c th trn bin bn. - Phng php th nghim: + Thc hin theo ng cc phng php th nghim qui nh trong cc hng dn th nghim. Trong mt s trng hp c th i vi mt s thit b c bit, khi c qui nh v hng dn c th ca nh ch to sn phm th phi tun th theo phng php ca nh ch to ra. Trnh t t chc th nghim mi cc thit b in ti mt cng trnh: Cng tc t chc th nghim mi cc thit b in thng c tin hnh theo trnh t sau: 1. Cng tc chun b ban u: Bao gm nhng ni dung sau: + Thu thp ti liu: bao gm ti liu ca thit b v cc bin bn th nghim xut xng + Nghin cu xem xt ti liu, nu thc hin theo phng php o mi phi lp hng dn th nghim c th. Trong trng hp cn thit phi t chc kho st ti hin trng
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+ Chun b thit b th nghim, phng tin lm vic v cc vt t phc v cng tc th nghim. + Lp phng n thc hin bao gm: Lp tin cng vic Chun b ngun nhn lc Trnh t thc hin v phn cng thc hin. 2. Cng tc trin khai v tin hnh thc hin ti cng trnh: Bao gm nhng ni dung sau: + Lp cc th tc cng tc ti cng trnh v phn cng cng vic + C lp thit b cn th nghim + Thc hin cc bin php an ton trn thit b trc khi tin hnh cng vic + Tin hnh thc hin v thu thp s liu + So snh i chiu vi cc s liu xut xng hoc cc tiu chun qui nh nh gi v ra quyt nh. + Hon tr thit b v trng thi ban u v bn giao cho n v qun l thit b (nu c) + Lp bin bn th nghim theo biu mu qui nh. 1.5 An ton trong th nghim thit b in trn h thng in Vn an ton trong h thng in c lin quan n ba lnh vc: Trc tin l an ton cho ngi th nghim, sau l an ton cho ti sn, thit b th nghim v sau cng l m bo cho cc thit b in v h thng an ton v cung cp in lin tc trong mi tnh hung. Ti sn v thit b h hng c th sa cha v thay th c, nhng tnh mng con ngi l iu thing ling khng th n b c. m bo an ton cho ngi th nghim cn phi phi hp hng lot cc yu t nh: trnh , tay ngh ca ngi th nghim, vic tun th nghim ngt cc bin php an ton trong vn hnh v s dng thit b th nghim, thc chp hnh cc qui phm an ton khi lm vic ti hin trng, c chng trnh nghim hp l v hiu qu, vic trang b cc phng tin bo v c nhn tt. Hng dn chung: Nhng vn v k thut an ton c nu ra sau y dng cho vic t chc th nghim cc thit b in v ch c tnh cht hng dn. Cn phi nghim chnh tun theo cc qui chun Nh nc v vn an ton. Cc qui chun ny da trn cc c s sau y: - Cn hiu r mc ch v phng php tin hnh cng vic. - Xem xt cn thn ni lm vic - i m bo h v trang b o qun bo h ng qui chun - Cch ly (ct in) thit b v mch cn thao tc, th nghim - Kha cc ngun v mch dn n cng nh i t thit b cn thao tc, th nghim. - Dng bt th in c in p ph hp kim tra mch v thit b c in hay khng trc khi tip a lm vic, lc ny phi eo gng tay bo v.
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- Kim tra k h thng ni t ti ni lm vic, nu khng phi thc hin ni t t to bng cc cc chuyn dng. - Thc hin ni t vng lm vic, thit b o, i tng o. - Treo bin bo v dng ro ngn cch ly khu vc ang th nghim. - Phn cng ngi gim st ti ni c kh nng c ngi qua li An ton in ti ch: Trc khi tin hnh cng vic mi nhn vin th nghim phi c hng dn cc qui nh an ton v thc hin nghim chnh cc vn sau: - Bit r ni dung, trnh t cng vic v c bit l cc bin php an ton - Bit s dng cc dng c, ngh phc v cho cng vic, bit cch hiu chnh dng c Kim tra v xc nh cc thit b ct khi li trc khi tin hnh cng vic -Phn chia khu vc lm vic bng ro chn v dy ai nhm ngn nga ngi khng c trch nhim n gn. - m bo cc mch v thit b lin quan khc ct in, khu vc ln cn c cch ly v treo bin bo phng - Khng c tin hnh cc cng vic ng, ct mch khi cha c php ca ngi ph trch. Khi c php phi c trang b an ton nh: gng cao su, giy cch in.. - Ngi ph trch phi thng bo cho tt c nhn vin nhng thay i v iu kin lao ng. Cc nhn vin phi nhc li nhng dn dca ngi ph trch m bo ghi nh v thuc lng cc quy trnh thao tc. - Khng lm vic mt mnh, phi lun lm vic vi ng i. - Khng i vo khu vc c in nu cha c php ca ngi ph trch. - Tho lun vi ngi ph trch tng bc tin hnh cng vic ca mnh. - Khng tin hnh cng vic hoc tip tc tin hnh bt c vic g nu bn cn nghi ng v tnh trng an ton, iu kin ca thit b hoc c in p nguy him. Ch thc hin cng vic theo ch dn ca ngi ph trch. Nhng lu c th v an ton khi th nghim trn cc thit b in 1 i cng Mi thit b v mch in phi c coi nh ang c in cho n khi thit b ch bo in p pht hin khng c in v dy t c ni. Thit b ch bo pht hin in p phi ph hp vi mch v thit b cn th. Ngi lm vic ti khu vc ny phi c thng tin t nht bng 2 thit b ch bo in p khc nhau v c ngi ph trch th nghim m bo thit b b ch bo hot ng tt. 2 My bin p, khng in: + Sau khi tch khi vn hnh v cch ly vi cc thit b ln cn cn tin hnh u tt v u t ton b cc u ra ca cc MBA v khng in trc khi tin hnh cng tc th nghim, kim tra v bo dng.
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+ Trong qu trnh lc sy tun hon du MBA cn ni t v, cc cun dy c ni tt v ni t trnh nguy c xut hin cc in tch t do v v cun dy + Khng c chm vo cc u cc ca MBA, khng in trong khi o in tr mt chiu cun dy v th nghim kim tra t u dy bng phng php xung mt chiu. + Khi tin hnh cc th nghim cao p trn MBA, phi u tt v ni t cun dy cha c th nghim, v my v cc thit b ln cn (cp lc cao p, chng st van, t in, cc bin dng chn s) nhm trnh xut hin cc in p cm ng gy h hng v cch in cng nh gy tai nn v in do tip xc vi cc i tng ny. + Sau khi hon tt php th nghim cao p mt chiu trn cc cun dy hoc s u vo ca cc MBA lc cng sut ln v in p cao cn dng so chuyn dng c b in tr x ph hp x cc in tch trc khi u t chc chn chng. Thi gian tip t khng c t hn 5 pht. + i vi cc MBA du khng c tin hnh cc th nghim cao p cc cun dy khi khng np du, khi du np cha n mc qui nh v sau khi np cha n 6 ting. + Trnh thc hin cc th nghim cao p khi nhit my ln hn 45oC 3 My bin in p: + Trc khi thc hin cc u ni trn cun cao p, cn phi kim tra v cch ly hon ton cc cun dy th cp vi cc mch nh th lin quan m bo khng c s xm nhp in p t pha th cp gy nn in p cao ti u s cp. + Trong qu trnh th nghim khng ti cn ni ng th cc b phn c b tr trn u ra cao p ca cun s cp, ni t chc chn u ni t ca cun s cp m bo trng thi lm vic bnh thng ca bin in p. + Khi tin hnh kim tra cc tnh bng ngun DC phi cp ngun xung cho pha s cp ( cun cao p) v b tr thit b o pha th cp (cun h p) nhm trnh gy hng thit b o v m bo an ton cho nhn vin th nghim. 4 My bin dng: + Tch ly hon ton cc cun th cp khi cc mch nh th lin quan trong qu trnh th nghim dng t ho m bo an ton cho cc thit b bo v v o lng cng nhn vin th nghim khc ang cng tc trn mch nh th. + Khi tin hnh kim tra cc tnh bng ngun DC phi cp ngun xung cho cc cun dy pha th cp v b tr thit b o pha cun s cp nhm trnh gy hng thit b o v m bo an ton cho nhn vin th nghim. + Khi th nghim kim tra t s bin bng phng php cp dng cho pha th cp phi m bo cc cun th cp phi c kn mch. Trnh khng c h mch dng pha th cp khi ang cp dng pha s cp v iu ny c th gy qu p cun th cp dn n hng cch in vng ca cun dy cng nh gy mt an ton cho ngi th nghim khi tip xc vi cun dy ny.
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5 My ct: - My ct chn khng: Mc du qui trnh th nghim cao p i vi my ct chn khng cng tng ng vi thit b khc nhng cn c bit ch hai vn quan trong sau y: + Trong khi th nghim cao p v pha trong ca my ct chnh c th c in tch tn d sau khi ct ngun cao p. V ny c gn vi vng gia ca v cch in. Do vy cn dng so ni t phng in vng ny cng nh cc b phn kim loi khc, trc khi s vo ch ni hoc thn my ct. + Cao p t vo khe h trong bnh chn khng c th sinh ra tia X nguy him nu in p qua cc tip im vt qu mc cho php. Do vy khng tin hnh th nghim cao p khi my ct v tr ct in p cao hn qui nh l 36kV xoay chiu qua mi tip im. Trong khi th nghim cao p, panel trc v panel bn cnh phi c lp vo my ct. Ngi ng trc my ct c mn chn panel bo v. Nu v tr ny khng thun tin cn hn ch ng gn my ct chn khng di 3 mt. Khi lm vic bnh thng khng pht sinh tia X v cc tip im khng v tr m. - My ct SF6: + Cn tun th cc qui nh khi lm vic trong mi trng c kh SF6 (khi np v khi i tu sa cha)trnh tip xc trc tip vi kh v cc sn phm phn hu ca n. + Kim tra k cc v tr u ni ca h thng np t bnh cha kh SF6, van np v cc ng ng np n van u vo ca my ct m bo rng chng c u ni chc chn. nh k kim tra hot ng ca van an ton v tnh nguyn vn ca cc ng np. + Tun th ng cc qui nh v qui trnh np kh. Khi cn c th dng li bao che thn my ct trong ln np u tin. + Nu p lc kh bo dng khng cn phi pht hin v tr r r v khc phc, nu pht hin vt nt trn thn my ct phi xem xt k v khng c tin hnh np kh nu cha lm r nguyn nhn v mc ca h hng ny. + Sau khi np trong ln thao tc ng ct th u tin nn dng ch th t xa trnh nguy c s b n v. - Cc my ct hp b: + Khi lm vic trn cc thit b c khu vc pha sau t my ct hp b cn nh du v kim tra cn thn s b tr ca t, trnh m nhm t ang mang in (trong trng hp th nghim nh k). Cn tng cng cng tc kim tra v th in cng nh ngi gim st khi lm vic khu vc sau t. + Khi lm vic gn khu vc b tr cc dao tip t cn c bin php kho cn thao tc dao tip a, treo bin bo v c ngi gim st trnh gy tai nn do thao tc dao v (bn thn cc dao ni t ca cc t hp b a phn thng c b phn tr lc bng l xo) - Cc t truyn ng ca my ct: + Khng c tin hnh bt k cc cng vic no bn trong t truyn ng khi cha ct ngun thao tc v gii tr hon ton nng lng tch nng cho cc l xo ng ct.
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+ i vi my ct SF6 khi cha np p lc n nh mc, cha c thao tc ng ct my ct. + Khi lp rp t truyn ng vi thn my ct phi lm theo ng hng dn ca nh ch to v tuyt i khng c iu chnh, tc ng cng bc ln cc chi tit c kh bn trong t. 6 T in: m bo an ton khi tin hnh thao tc th nghim t in phi tun theo qui trnh sau y: + Cch ly t bng cch ct my ct, dao cch ly + T c x in trong khong 5 n 10 pht + Ngn mch cc in cc ca t v ni t. + Nu c cc t in cn th nghim nm gn k mt t in ang c th nghim cao p th ta cn tin hnh tip t v u tt ton b cc u cc ra ca chng trnh nguy c xut hin in p do tch in cm ng trn cc t ny c th gy mt an ton cho con ngi khi v tnh chm vo cc u cc. 7 Dao cch ly: + i vi cc dao cch ly c b truyn ng bng in, khi tin hnh th nghim trong khu vc trm ang mang in cn phi thc hin cc bin php m bo an ton sau: Ct cc ngun iu khin cp cho t truyn ng ca dao cch ly Dng cc kho lin ng bng c kh trnh khng cho ngi vn hnh thao tc nhm cc dao tip t. + Kim tra k tnh trng ni t ca cc dao tip a ca dao cch ly v tnh trng cc m dao tip a m bo c s thng mch tt troc khi tin hnh cng vic trn dao cch ly. + i vi cc dao cch ly ng dy, phi thc hin cng tc tip a lu ng ng qui phm trc khi tin hnh lm vic trn dao cch ly. + Khi tin hnh cc cng tc kim tra, bo dng v sa cha cc chi tit bn trong t truyn ng phi ct ngun cung cp n t. 8 Cp lc: + i vi cc cp lc trong th nghim trong vn hnh cn phi c lp, kim tra bng bt th in v thc hin tip t ton b cc pha c hai u cp trc v sau khi th nghim loi tr in tch tnh in. + Trong qu trnh th nghim cao p mt chiu (gm th nghim o in tr cch in v o dng r) cn phi ni t cc pha khng o c hai u. Sau khi kt thc th nghim phi ni t c hai u ca pha th xong trong vng 1 gi loi b ton b cc in tch t do trc khi a vo u ni ng in tr li. + Trong qu trnh nng in p th mt chiu cn phi tin hnh vi tc va phi trnh gy qu dng cho thit b th dn n h hng. + S dng in tr x thch hp x in tch np trong in mi ca cp sau khi kt thc php th cao p mt chiu trc khi dng dy ni t tip t chc chc cc u ra ca cp.
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Trnh x cp trc tip xung dy ni t khng gy nh hng n cht lng cch in ca cp. + Ngoi ra trong qu trnh th nghim cao p cc si cp lc c b tr gn nhau, cn phi u t ton b cc u cp ca cc si cp cha c th nghim trnh nguy c xut hin in p cao trn chng do cm ng t in trng cao p ca php th. 9 Chng st van: + i vi cc chng st van qua s dng nht l cc chng st van nghi ng b hng cn lu l lun c nguy c c p lc pht sinh bn trong. Do vy cn phi cn thn trong qu trnh tho lp chng v phi tin hnh x p lc trc khi xem xt cc phn t bn trong chng st k c cc chng st loi ra khi vn hnh v a vo khu vc ch hy b. 10 H thng ni t: + Lun kim tra in p nhiu ti khu vc t cu o trc khi u ni m bo an ton cho thit b o. + Vic u ni gia cu o v cc dy o c thc hin sau cng sau khi m bo rng khng c ngi chm vo h thng dy v cc o. Sau khi kt thc php o phi tch cc dy o ra khi cu o trc khi thc hin cc php chuyn i s v tch u ni trn cc cc o. + Khi o tip a ca cc cng trnh v ang vn hnh nhm trnh nguy c xut hin in p cao trn h thng ni t trong qu trnh o do vic xut hin dng in chm t ln (do ngn mch gn hoc do st nh vo khu vc trm, ng dy gn trm) cn phi trang b cc phng tin an ton nh: gng tay, thm, ng khi u ni cu o vi h thng tip a. + Khi o tip a ca cc ct ng dy ang vn hnh c nguy c xut hin in p trn dy ni t ti cc im u ni, do vy cn s dng cc phng tin an ton nu trn khi u ni. S lin h in t: Khi c ngi dang lm vic trong khu vc ct in, nhng mch in ln cn vn cn mang in cn m bo ni t chc chn mch hoc thit b ct in. L do l c th pht sinh in p cm ng do lin h in t gia hai mch. Trong trng hp ny nu c in p cm ng th dng cm ng s c ni t do m bo an ton cho ngi lm vic. in p h thng cng cao th kh nng xut hin v ln ca in p cm ng cng nhiu v ln. Ngoi tc ng ln c th ngi ang lm vic th in p ny cn nh hng ln thit b o v kt qu o.

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2 2.1

TH NGHIM IN TR CCH IN CA CC THIT B IN Cc ch tiu nh gi c tnh cch in ca cch in rn H s hp th: Hin tng: Khi t in p mt chiu vo bt c vt liu cch in no ta cng thy: + thi im u: dng in tng vt mt tr s. + Sau dng in gim t t. + Cui cng dng n nh mt tr s xc nh. Gii thch: Dng in chy qua cch in c tnh theo cng thc: I = Ihh + Iht + Ir

2.1.1

+ Kch thc hnh hc nht nh ca cch in c xem nh mt t in Chh, t in p vo cch in ng nhin khng c in tr np. T Chh c np y rt nhanh v tiu th mt dng in Ihh ln, sau tt ngay. + T Cht hnh thnh do s khng ng nht trong b dy ca vt liu cch in, c bt kh chui vo gia cc lp cch in, do hi m xm nhp, do bi bn,tp cht ln vo trong vt liu khi ch to hoc nhng h hng khc (khng bao gi c mt cch in no l hon ton ng nht cng mt vt liu d cho cng ngh ch to c hin i n u chng na). Khc vi Chh, in dung hp th Cht khng xut hin ngay sau khi t in p vo cch in m xut hin sau mt thi gian no khi m Chh np in xong do s phn b li ln lt cc in tch trong b dy cch in v s tch ly cc in tch ranh gii nhng lp khng ng nht, to thnh mt chui in dung ni tip nhau. Rht l in tr mt chiu ca nhng on cch in u ni tip gia nhng in dung ca cc lp khc nhau. Tr s in tr ny c nh hng n tr s ca dng in phn cc v thi gian np in ca ton b in dung hp th. Trong b dy cch in c nhiu tp cht (nhiu Cht u ni tip) th Rht cng nh do dng in np Iht cng ln v thi gian np in cng ngn ngha l dng Iht s tt nhanh. Ngc li khi trong b dy cch in c t tp cht th Rht ln, do Iht cng nh v thi gian np in cho in dung hp th cng di. Dng in np Iht ca in dung hp th c xc nh theo cng thc: Iht = (U / Rht) e- t /. trong : U: l in p mt chiu th nghim. t: l thi gian t in p th nghim.
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: l hng s thi gian ( = Cht. Rht) e: l c s lgarit t nhin (e = 2,71828) + Sau khi kt thc qu trnh phn cc ngha l in dung hp th ngng np in, dng in Iht s bng khng nhng trong cch in vn cn c dng in dn Ir (cn gi l dng in r) chy qua, dng in ny c xc nh bi in tr mt chiu tng Rc ca cch in. H s hp th Kht l t s gia Rc o bng Mgmmet sau 60 k t lc a in p vo v Rc o sau 15: Kht = R60 / R15. Nu cch in kh th Rht ln,dng in np bin i chm, thi gian np in di ngha l R60 v R15 khc nhau rt nhiu, do thng cch in kh th Kht 1,3. Nu cch in m Rht nh,dng in np bin i nhanh, thi gian np in ngn v ch 15 sau khi bt u o t tr s n nh ngha l R60 v R15 hu nh khng khc nhau my, do thng cch in m th Kht 1. 2.1.2 Ch s phn cc Kpc Ch s phn cc Kpc l t s gia Rc o bng Mgmmet sau 10 k t lc a in p vo v Rc o sau 01: Kpc = R10 / R01. 2.2 Cc yu t nh hng n cch in ca thit b v cch khc phc 2.2.1 K nng yu cu khi thc hin php o in tr cch in v h s hp th Ngoi tr vic tin hnh php o vi mt k nng cp cao, cc php o v in tr cch in s lun cho cc kt qu o dao ng do hng lot cc yu t s c ni n sau y, mi yu t do s nh hng mt t. Mi yu t gy ra cc sai s ln trong php o in tr cch in v cc sai s ny c th khng b buc vo khng chnh xc ca thit b o. Cc thit b sau y c u tin xem xt n cc yu t nh hng khi o in tr cch in nh: Cch in cp lc, cc MBA v cc thit b khc ngoi tr cc cch in bng s gm, cc chng st van v cc s u vo v trn cc thit b ny mt gi tr o in tr cch in thun li c th khng c chp thun nh l mt ch th v tnh trng tt ca chng. Vic o dc tnh cch in R60 v tg c tin hnh khng t hn 12 ting sau khi np du vo MBA v thit lp xong mc du trong thng du ph nhit ca cch in khng nh hn: + 283oK (10oC) -i vi cc MBA cp in p 110150kV + 293oK (20oC) -i vi cc MBA cp in p 220750kV + Chnh lch khng ln hn 50C vi nhit cho trong l lch my i vi cc khng in cp in p 500kV v ln hn. Khi o phi u tt c cc u ra c cng cp in p ca cun dy vi nhau, v my c u t. Trc khi bt u o cun dy ang c th nghim cn phi c u t khng t hn 05 pht.
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Nu nh kt qu o nhn c c thiu st (s o thi gian sai,vic t mch cp ngun ca mgmmet), cn tin hnh o li ln hai theo s ny. Khi , tt c cc cun dy phi c ni t khng t hn 02 pht. 2.2.2 nh hng ca in tch c sn: Mt yu t nh hng n cc php o in tr cch in v h s hp th l s tn ti ca mt s tch in trc trong cch in. hn ch nh hng ny ta thng tip t cun dy my pht cho n khi tin hnh o cch in cun dy. Vic ny cng c thc hin tng t nh i vi cc cch in ca nhng thit b khc (c bit i vi cc thit b c in dung ca cch in ln: MBA lc, t in, cp lc cao p v.v) 2.2.3 nh hng ca nhit : Hu ht cc php o cch in phi c th hin da trn nhit ca i tng th. in tr cch in ca hu ht cc loi cch in u gim xung theo s tng v nhit . Trong nhiu trng hp, nhng cch in b hng v nh hng tch ly ca nhit , ngha l, mt s tng nhit gy ra mt s tng v tn tht in mi m iu ny li gy nn mt s tng nhit hn na v.v. Nhit th nghim i vi cc thit b in chng hn cc s u vo d phng, cc s cch in, cc my ct loi khng kh hay loi np kh v cc chng st van thng c tha nhn l c cng mt nhit vi nhit mi trng. i vi cc my ct v cc my bin p c du nhit th nghim c tha nhn l ging nh nhit du. i vi cc s u vo lp t ni c mt u bn di c ngm trong du th nhit th nghim nm u gia nhit ca du v nhit ca khng kh. Trong thc t nhit th nghim c tha nhn l ging nh nhit mi trng xung quanh i vi cc s u vo lp t trong cc my ct du v cng nh i vi nhng my bin p du c a ra khi tnh trng vn hnh khong 12 gi. cc my bin p c tch ra khi trng thi vn hnh ch trc khi th nghim th nhit ca du thng s ln hn nhit mi trng xung quanh. Nhit th nghim ca s u vo i vi trng hp ny c th c tha nhn v mt im trung bnh nm gia nhit ca du v nhit ca mi trng xung quanh. Bt k cc thay i t ngt v nhit mi trng s lm tng sai s ca php o v nhit ca cc trang thit b in s thay i tr hn nhit mi trng. 2.2.4 nh hng ca m:

Hi m, c th xm nhp vo cch in cun dy ca mt my pht hay ng c t khng kh m hoc c th xm nhp vo cun dy ca mt MBA t du m, s gy nn mt s sai lch ln bt ng in tr cch in. Do vy vic in tr cch in thp do tip xc vi hi m khng c ngha l cch in l khng thch hp cho vn hnh ca thit b, c bit nu gi tr in tr cch in c th so snh vi gi tr thu c t cc th nghim nh k gn y. i
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vi cc cun dy ca my bin p khi ngng vn hnh mt khong thi gian, kh nng gim thp ca in tr cch in cun dy l iu d xy ra v do vic sy cch in ca cc cun dy l cn thit. C th di cc tnh trng m tng i bt li, b mt phi trn ca cc s to ra mt s lng t ca hi m b mt, m iu ny c th c mt nh hng ng k trong cc tn hao b mt v do c nh hng ng k trong cc kt qu ca php th nghim v in tr cch in. iu ny tht s ng nu nh b mt bng s ca mt s u vo c mt nhit thp hn nhit xung quanh (di im sng), nh vy hi m s c th ngng ng trn b mt bng s. Cc sai s o nghim trng c th c ngay c mt m tng i nm di 50% khi m hi m ngng t trn mt b mt bng s nhim bn hon ton cc cht cn v ha cht trong cng nghip. Bt c s r r no qua cc b mt cch in ca i tng th s lm tng thm cc tn hao trong khi cch in v c th cho ta mt n tng sai lch v tnh trng ca i tng th nghim. Cc sai s ca r r b mt c th c gim thiu nu nh ta thc hin cc php o in tr cch in trong iu kin thi tit l quang ng, c nng v m tng i khng vt qu 80%. Nhn chung, ta s nhn c cc kt qu tt nht nu nh thc hin cc php o trong thi gian t cui bui sng n gia bui chiu. Phng php loi tr dng r r b mt khi o in tr cch in:

Hnh 2-1: o in tr cch in khi khng dng mch bo v

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Hnh 2-2: o in tr cch in c dng mch bo v loi tr dng r b mt. hnh 2- 1, ta thy Ampemet A o c dng in I1 v I2 trong khi chng ta ch mun o dng I1. hnh 2-2: bng cch dng mt s dy ng mm qun cht vi vng quanh s v ni n vo u bo v (Guard), dng r I2 c cp thng qua u bo v ch khng phi u ngun o (Line) ngha l by gi chng ta ch o in tr cch in ca cun dy ch khng phi o s kt hp song song in tr r b mt vi in tr cun dy. 2.2.5 nh hng ca nhiu tnh in: Khi tin hnh cc th nghim trong cc trm mang in, cc gi tr o c th b nh hng bi cc dng nhiu tnh in do mi ghp in dung gia cc ng dy v cc thanh gp mang in vi i tng th gy ra. ngn chn cc nh hng ca nhiu tnh in qu mnh ln php o, cn phi tch i tng th nghim ra khi cc dao cch ly v cc thanh ci. Kinh nghim trong khi o s xc nh c cc v tr ca thit b in ring bit m ta cn ct i cc u ni. Cc dao cch ly, dy dn, thanh ci lin quan, nu khng mang in, phi c ni t chc chn gim thiu mi ghp v tnh in vi hp b th nghim. 2.2.6 nh hng ca thi gian vn hnh ca cch in: Cch in c cha mt bn th cng, chng hn nh asphalt-mica, tri qua mt tin trnh t sy theo thi gian. Tin trnh t sy ny lm tng dng in hp th in mi trong cch in v do vy cc gi tr o ca th nghim cao p mt chiu hoc trn mgm cho thy mt s suy gim v in tr cch in theo s tng ca thi gian vn hnh. nh hng ng ch nht ca thi gian vn hnh ln dng in r chnh yu l do s hnh thnh ca cc vt nt v s nhim m. Cc cch in rn, nh l s gm, khng tri qua mt tin trnh t sy v v vy thi gian vn hnh, v bn thn n, khng thay i s hp th in mi hoc cc thnh phn ca dng in r.
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2.3 Cc h s hiu chnh v nhit khi o in tr cch in: m bo kt qu o c chch xc cn tun theo cc iu kin sau: - Thao tc o ch tin hnh nhit cun dy t 10 oC tr ln i vi cc my bin p t 150 kV tr xung v t 30 oC tr ln i vi cc my bin p t 220 kV tr ln; - i vi cc my bin p 110 kV, cng sut 80.000 kVA tr ln hoc in p 220 kV tr ln nn o cch in nhit sai khc khng qu + 5 oC so vi nhit khi nh ch to o i vi cc my bin p di 150 kV, cng sut di 80.000 kVA sai khc nhit trn khng qu 10 oC; Nu nhit o ti hin trng sai khc so vi nh ch to th cn quy i kt qu v cng mt nhit theo h s K1 trong bng 2-1; Bng 2-1: H s quy i in tr cch in theo nhit
t (0C) H s qui i (K1) 1 1,04 2 1,08 3 1,13 4 1,17 5 1,22 10 1,50 15 1,84 20 2,25 25 2,75 30 3,40

Rc ( nhit t1) = K1* Rc ( nhit t2). K1: l gi tr h s qui i tra bng vi t = t2 - t1. Trong trng hp chnh lch nhit khng c trong bng trn th ta c th tnh theo h s cc h s cho bng cch nhn cc h s tng ng. V d: do 90C = 40C + 50C nn ta tnh c: K1(t = 90C) = K1(t = 40C) * K1(t = 50C) = 1,17*1,22 = 1,42 2.4 Quy trnh thc hin cc php o v ghi s liu: a/ Bin php an ton: Tt c cc th nghim ch c tin hnh sau khi ct in v cch ly hon ton i tng c o vi h thng in ang vn hnh. Lun lun ni u cc ni t ca mgmmt vi t. Lu rng in p cao lun xut hin gia 2 u cao th (LINE) v u t (EARTH) ca m gmmt khi n nt n th nghim. Sau khi o xong phi ni t i tng o trong vi pht phng hon ton cc in tch d xung t. Trong qu trnh o cng nh khi cha x ht in tch tn d, tuyt i khng chm vo cc u ra ca i tng c o. Phi lun lun t tr chuyn mch v v tr OFF sau khi hon tt 1 php o bt k trnh mi thao tc v c th gy nguy him cho ngi ang tin hnh chun b s o hoc khi thay th pin lp trong mgmmt. b/ Cc bc tin hnh o:

Cch qui i:

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 Ct in, thc hin cc bin php an ton cch ly v tch tt c cc u dy ca i tng c o ang ni vo h thng. Cc u ra ca mi cun dy (cng cp in p) cn c u tt vi nhau trnh gy ra sai s o. V thit b, te cp phi c u t chc chn. i vi MBA lc, khng in, my pht in, t in, cp (cc i tng c in dung ca cch in ln): Cc u ra ca cc cun dy my in hoc cc u cc ca t in, cp lc phi c u tt v u t x in tch tn d t nht 5 pht trc khi tin hnh o in tr cch in php u tin. Gia hai php o in tr cch in, cc i tng o cn c u tt v u t x in tch tn d t nht 2 pht trc khi tin hnh o php tip theo. Tin hnh u ni s o in tr cch in v thc hin php o theo quy trnh s dng ca mgmmet dng o. Khi o in tr cch in, ta ng thi tin hnh xc nh gi tr in tr cch in ti thi im 15 giy v 60 giy sau khi a in p vo. Tnh ton h s hp th Kht = R60 / R15. i vi cc MBA lc cp in p 110KV tr ln v vi cc my pht in ta c th ly thm gi tr o in tr cch in ti thi im 10 pht sau khi t in p vo v tnh ton h s phn cc Kpc = R10 / R01. Lu : trong mt s ti liu k thut bng ting Anh, gi tr in tr cch in c vit tt l IR (Insulation Resistance) cn h s phn cc c vit tt l PI (Polarzation Index) Sau khi o, nh nt n th nghim trn mgmmt v ch vi giy x cc in tch d cc i tng o c in dung nh ri mi tho dy o. i vi cc i tng o c in dung ln nh my bin p, my pht, cp, t in..., m bo an ton cho mgmmt th khi o xong nn tho dy o cao th khi i tng o, tip n nh nt n th nghim sau dng dy tip a bn ngoi x in tch d i tng o. Trong trng hp khi o cch in m b mt i tng o b m, bn th phi dng thm mn chn bo v: ly dy dn trn mm qun quanh b mt cch in vi vng v dng dy dn GUARD ni n n u ra GUARD ca mgmmt, sau mi tin hnh o. 2.5 Vic nh gi kt qu o v tiu chun p dng: My bin p lc, khng in: Gi tr in tr cch in cun dy MBA khng c tiu chun chung nhng cn phi tha mn cc iu kin sau: in tr cch in o c sau khi qui i v cng mt nhit khng c nh hn 30% gi tr in tr cch in ca nh ch to hoc ca ln th nghim trc . in tr cch in ca cc cun dy MBA phi c o bng Mgmmet 1000V

cho cc cun dy c in p u cc nh hn hoc bng 1kV v 2500V cho cc u cun dy c in p u ra ln hn 1kV. Ch o khi nhit ca i tng o trn 10oC i vi cc my bin p n 150kV v trn 30oC i vi cc my bin p t 220kV tr ln. i
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vi my 220kV tr ln, tt nht o nhit sai khc vi nhit o ca nh ch to 5oC. i vi my bin p 110kV sai khc khng qu 10oC (QCVN QT-5:2009/BCT).
Trong trng hp khng c cc s liu so snh, cho php tham kho gi tr in tr cho php ti thiu theo Qui trnh vn hnh v sa cha my bin p do EVN ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 623 VN/KTN ngy 25/5/1997:Bng 2- 3: Gi tr ti thiu in tr cch in cun dy MBA (R60; M).
Cp in p cun cao p MBA - in p 35 KV tr xung, cng sut < 10000KVA - in p 35 KV cng sut > 10 000KVA - in p 110KV tr ln khng ph thuc cng sut Nhit cun dy (0C) 10 450 900 20 300 600 30 200 400 40 130 260 50 90 180 60 60 120 70 40 80

Tnh Kht = R60 / R15. Trong khong nhit t 100C n 300C, gi tr Kht ca cch in tt thng 1,3. Khi gi tr nhit thay i (nhit cao), gi tr Kht c th tng hoc gim so vi tr s 1,3. V vy, nhit cao, gi tr Kht ch mang tnh tham kho. in tr cch in ca cc my bin p kh khi nhit cun dy 200C 300C l: + MBA c in p nh mc di 1kV : 100M. + MBA c in p nh mc t 1kV n 6kV: 300M. + MBA c in p nh mc trn 6kV : 500M. 2.6 S u ni khi o vi cc thit b in c trng: MBA lc: in tr cch in my bin p c qui nh o theo cc php sau: i vi MBA c hai cun dy: Cc php o chnh l: 1. Cao - (H + V + t) 2. H - (Cao + V + t) Cc php o phn tch v kim tra cho kt qu (khng bt buc): 1. Cao - H 2. Cao - (V + t) 3. H - (V + t) i vi MBA c ba cun dy: Cc php o chnh l: 1. Cao - (Trung + H + V + t) 2. Trung - (Cao + H + V + t) 3. H - (Cao + Trung + V + t) Cc php o phn tch v kim tra cho kt qu (khng bt buc):
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1. Cao - (V + t) 2. Trung - (V + t) 3. H - (V + t) 4. (Cao + Trung) - (H + V + t) 5. (Cao + H) - (Trung + V + t) 6. (Trung + H) - (Cao + V + t) 7. (Cao + Trung + H) - (V + t) My bin in p (TU), my bin dng in(TI): s o ging nh khi o MBA c 2 cun dy. Vi cc TU hoc TI c nhiu cun dy nh th th ta phi o in tr cch in ca tng cun dy nh th vi cc cun dy nh th cn li c ni t. My ct in (MC): o in tr cch in 2 trng thi - MC trng thi ct (h mch): o tng cc MC mt i vi cc cc cn li c ni v v ni t. - MC trng thi ng: o tng pha ca MC i vi 2 pha kia c u chung vi v v vi t. Cp lc: i vi cp 1 pha: o in tr cch in ca li cp vi v cp (te cp) c ni t. i vi cp nhiu li: o in tr cch in ca tng li cp i vi cc li cp cn li c u chung vi v v vi t. Chng st van: o in tr cch in gia u cc chnh (ni vi li) i vi (ni vi x v ni t) ca chng st. i vi b chng st van c nhiu tng th o in tr cch in ca tng tng ring bit. 2.7 Gii thiu mt s loi cu o in tr cch in (Mgmmet) thng dng: a/ Mgmmet 3121- KYORITSU:
Thng s k thut in p th Phm vi o Gi tr 2500VDC (0 2.000M) / (1000 100.000M) t ng chuyn i phm vi o * 230C 50C: Cp chnh xc 5% gi tr c (t 100 50.000M) in tr cch in 10% gi tr c hay 0,5% chiu di thang ( di ln hn di ni trn) * -100C + 400C: 10% gi tr c (t 100 50.000M) 20% gi tr c hay 1% chiu di thang ( di ln hn di ni trn) in p u ra Nhit v m lm vic 2500V 5% (100 50.000M) - 100C + 400C m tng i cc i 85% 30/143

Nhit v m bo qun in tr cch in bn in p Ngun in in p th nghim Di o Gi tr gia thang o

- 200C + 600C m tng i cc i 90% 1000M max. / 1000V gia mch in v v hp 5000VAC trong 1 pht gia mch in v v hp 8 pin 1.5V SUM-3 hay tng ng

b/ Mgmmet 3131- KYORITSU:

250 VDC 0 100M 1M 500 VDC 0 200M 2M 500 VDC + 10% max 500VDCmin 0,5M 1mADC min 0,5M M 20M)
( )

1.000 VDC 0 400M 4M 1.000 VDC + 10% max 1.000VDCmin 1M 1mADC min 1M M 40M)

in p u ra khi h 250 VDC + 10% max mch in p u ra Dng ngn mch u ra Dng u ra Cp chnh xc 250VDCmin 0,25M Xp x 1,3mA 1mADC min 0,25M M 10M)

5% gi tr c (t 0,05 5% gi tr c (t 0,1 5% gi tr c (t 0,2 0,7% chiu di thang o di ln hn di ni trn

* in p lm vic ca mch tn hiu n, ci khi ang o: 60V AC/DC n 600V AC/DC + Di o lin tc: Di o in p u ra khi h mch Dng in ngn mch u ra Cp chnh xc 0 2; 0 20 4 9V 200 mA min. 3% chiu di thang o

+ in p ngun: 6 vin pin 1,5V kiu R-6, AA hay tng ng. + S ln th nghim: Xp x 2000 ln thang 250V Xp x 1300 ln thang 500V Xp x 350 ln thang 1000V + Nhit v m khi lm vic: 00C + 400C m tng i cc i 85%. + Nhit v m khi bo qun: -200C + 600C m tng i cc i 85%. + in p chu ng: 6000VAC, 50Hz hay 60Hz trong 1 pht gia mch in v v thit b. + in tr cch in: 50M min. 500V gia mch in v v thit b. + Cu ch bo v (ch di o lin tc): cu ch gm 0,5A/250V (F) 5x20mm. c/ Mgmmet ISOL 5003- Chauvin Arnoux (Php): - Phm vi o: c 3 thang o in tr cch in + Thang K: t 10 K n 30.000 K. + Thang M: t 3 M n 3.000 M. + Thang G: t 3 G n 3.000 G.
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- C 4 nc in p o: 500V, 1000V, 2500V, 5000V i vi cc thang M v G. - 1 thang o dng in khng i: 33A (1300V max.) i vi thang K. - Thit b c ng h Vn AC / DC (600V) kim tra s tn ti in p (cc in tch d) trc v sau khi o in tr cch in. - Thit b o c cp ngun nh mt pin Cadmium/ Nickel v mt b np in cho pin c 2 cp in p (110/220 VAC). N c th lm vic ngun cung cp bn ngoi v c th dng o trong khi pin ang c np (lu rng thit b s khng lm vic nu khng c pin ngun). - c trng ca thang o: Thang Phm vi o in p hay dng in th Cp chnh xc nghim Thi gian np in Thi gian tr.bnh (90% in p) x cc i

5% gi tr c * < 0,5s /F cho 0,5s/F 10 K n 1300Vmax ) hay 500V hay 1000V R=100K 30.000 K 33A khng (10%max 5K i * 1s/F cho 2500V (ly 1 gi tr cao * < 4s/F cho 5000V 3 M n + 500V hn trong 2 gi + 1000V 3.000 M tr trn) 3 G n + 2500V 3.000 G + 5000V (I< 6mA)

- c tnh ca pin ngun: pin Cadmium/ Nickel 12V - 2,2 Ah; di in p hot ng 13,5 n 10,5V. Ty theo in p o c th o t 500 n 2500 php o (mi php o thc hin trong 1 pht). Trong iu kin bnh thng, tui th ca pin l ln hn 5 nm hoc 3000 gi o. - Phm vi lm vic ca thit b: + Nhit t -100C n + 550C + m tng i t 20% n 80% ( 400C) v t 20% n 80% ( 550C) - Phm vi gii hn trong bo qun v vn chuyn: + Vi pin lp trong: t -200 n + 550C + Khng c pin: t -200 n + 700C - Thit b c in tr 100K t ng x cc in tch d (khi chuyn mch ON/OFF v tr OFF). - in p th nghim bn in mi: + u vo chnh: 2000Vrms. + Cc u cc: 4000Vrms.

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3 HNG DN TH NGHIM O IN TR MT CHIU CUN DY MY BIN P 3.1 ngha ca php o in tr mt chiu i vi cc my bin p: Nhm pht hin nhng khuyt tt trong qu trnh u ni khi ch to cc cun dy, ngn chn hin tng pht nng khi mang ti cc u ni. i vi cc MBA c b chuyn nc khng ti, php o in tr mt chiu c th pht hin tnh trng bt thng ca cc b tip im ca chuyn nc (lc p tip im khng m bo, tnh trng b mt ca cc tip im b r, mn v.v) i vi cc MBA c b iu p di ti, qua php o in tr mt chiu c th gip ta bit c tnh trng ca cc b tip im dp h quang bn trong b cng tc K c bin php bo dng hoc thay th ng lc. Pht hin s u ni sai cc nc phn p bn trong MBA. 3.2 Cc phng php o in tr mt chiu o bng cc cu o chuyn dng: P333T (Nga), Multi-Amp (M).v..v. o bng phng php Vn -Ampe. Cc thit b khi o bng phng php Vn - Ampe: Ngun mt chiu (thng l accu 12V, 100Ah). Bin tr 20, 30A. Aptomat 220V,100ADC. Nt n chuyn mch p. Cc ng h VDC, mVDC, ADC c gii hn thang o ph hp sao cho gi tr o nm trong khong 2/3 thang o, cp chnh xc 0,5. 3.3 Nhng yu cu khi thc hin php o Nhm trnh hin tng pht nng c th lm nh hng n s thay i ca in tr cun dy, dng o khng c vt qu 10% gi tr dng nh mc. Khi thi gian tin hnh php o khng ln hn 1 pht c th cho php o dng o n 20% dng nh mc cun dy. Lm sch cc u cc ca cun dy trc khi o nht l khi o cc cun dy c in tr b. Ch : Khi ct mch in mt chiu qua cun dy my bin p (c in cm rt ln) s xut hin mt in p cm ng c tr s rt ln trn cc u cc cun dy. V vy trong sut qu trnh o cn c cc bin php an ton, cm chm vo cc u cc trong sut qu trnh o, c bin php chng st dy o. 3.4 Cc lu v sai s trong qu trnh o Kt qu php o ph thuc rt nhiu vo vic u ni s o, dy o v im ni dy o vo i tng o. C mt s hin tng c trng cho vic ni dy o khng ng nh sau: Kt qu khi o khng n nh. Nguyn nhn: do mch bm dng khng tip xc tt; nng lc ngun bm dng khng n nh; dy bm dng b t ngm, tit din nh.
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Kt qu o sai khc rt nhiu so vi cc s liu th nghim trc v khng n nh gia cc ln o. Nguyn nhn: do dy o p u khng ng im cn o in p ri trn i tng o, hoc dy o p tip xc khng tt vi u cc o, mi tip xc o p dng c cho vic bm dng. Nhit cun dy thay i ng k khi thi gian o in tr cc cc cun dy ko di (do in tr thay i) 3.5 Cc lu v an ton trong qu trnh o u ni chc chn cc dy o gia thit b o vi i tng o, khng xy ra vic t mch dng trong khi o bng s 4 dy hoc theo phng php V-A v iu ny c th gy nguy him cho ngi o v gy hng thit b o. Khng trc tip tip xc vi cc cun dy cn li ca MBA (TU,TI v.v) v c nguy c xut hin cc in p cm ng kh ln trong qu trnh o. Cch ly tt c cc mch (nht, nh th) lin quan ra khi cc u cc ca cc cun dy MBA (TU, TI v.v) trnh gy h hng cc thit b u ni nm trong cc mch ny. Khi dng ngun c qui ngoi o bng phng php V-A cn phi s dng mt p t mt (ATM) trong thao tc ng ct ngun o. m bo ct tt h quang mt chiu xut hin sau khi ct ngun cp dng o, ta nn chn ATM c dng danh nh ti thiu gp 5 ln dng o. Bin tr dng iu chnh dng o cn phi m bo tip xc tt nhm trnh xy ra tnh trng gin on dng o trong qu trnh iu chnh. m bo thc hin ng theo trnh t yu cu ca mch dng in v mch in p. Khi tin hnh o ti khu vc ang mang in, cn ni tt tt c cc u cc ca cc cun dy vi nhau v vi t trc i o 3.6 o in tr mt chiu bng phng php vn-ampe Khi tin hnh o in tr mt chiu cun dy bng phng php Vn - Ampe, cn tin hnh theo trnh t sau: ng ngun mt chiu, dng bin tr iu chnh cho dng in o ph hp vi yu cu. Ch cho dng o n nh. Nhn nt n o p, trong cng mt thi im, c tr s dng in v in p, ghi kt qu o. Nh nt n o p trc khi ct ngun mt chiu (hoc khi thay i nc phn p ca b iu p di ti) Tnh ton kt qu o, i chiu, so snh vi cc tiu chun, qui nh. Hnh 3-1: S o in tr mt chiu bng phng php vn-ampe

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A a

U DC
B b

C c

3.7 o in tr mt chiu bng thit b o chuyn dng (cu o)

Hnh 3-2: S u ni thc t o in tr nh

Hnh 3-3: S u ni thc t o in tr (cu Wheatstone)

Cc thit b o in tr mt chiu chuyn dng thng c 4 cc ni dy o l: 2 cc dng: bm dng mt chiu vo i tng o. 2 cc p: ly in p ri trn u cc i tng o. thc hin php o, cn tun theo cc ch dn ca nh ch to.
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Cc lu v sai s v bin php an ton nu trn vn p dng ng trong trng hp o bng thit b o chuyn dng. 3.8 Tiu chun p dng Gi tr in tr mt chiu cn c so snh gia cc pha vi nhau, so snh vi s liu xut xng ca nh ch to, so snh vi s liu o ca ln th nghim trc: Gi tr in tr mt chiu ti cc nc phn p tng ng gia cc pha vi nhau khng c sai lch qu 2% v khng c qu lch mt nc phn p (nu khng c cc l do c bit c ghi r trong l lch my). Gi tr in tr mt chiu sau khi qui i v cng nhit khng c sai lch qu 5% so vi gi tr xut xng ca nh ch to hoc s liu ca ln th nghim trc.

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K THUT TH NGHIM O IN TR TIP A

4.1 Khi nim v h thng ni t v cc phn t lin quan: 4.1.1 Khi nim v h thng ni t: H thng ni t l mt tp hp bao gm cc cc, dy dn lin kt vi nhau v in c chn su trong t v tip xc trc tip vi t. Tc dng ca h thng ni t l tn dng in i vo trong t nhm gi in th thp trn cc vt cn ni t d dng in ny sinh ra t bt c ngun gc no chng hn nh cc dng xung do st to ra hay cc dng in s c li in ang vn hnh.Trong h thng in c ba loi ni t khc nhau: Ni t lm vic: c tc dng m bo s lm vic bnh thng ca thit b hoc ca mt s b phn ca thit b theo ch lm vic c tnh trc. Loi ni t ny bao gm ni t ca im trung tnh my bin p, ca cc my bin p o lng, khng in b ngang... trong h thng in. Tr s in tr ni t cho php ph thuc vo tnh trng lm vic ca tng thit b c th. Ni t an ton: c tc dng m bo an ton cho con ngi khi cch in thit b h hng. Loi ni t ny bao gm ni t cc b phn kim loi bnh thng khng mang in nh v my, thng my bin p, gi kim loi... ca cc thit b in. Tr s in tr ni t ny c qui nh nh sau: i vi trung tnh trc tip ni t th R 0,5. i vi thit b in trn 1kV trung tnh cch ly, tr s in tr ni t trong nm c xc nh theo cc cng thc sau y, nhng khng c ln hn 10: + Nu trang b ni t ng thi s dng cho c thit b in c in p cao hn 1kV v di 1kV. R n
125 [] Icd

Trong trng hp ny vn phi thc hin nhng yu cu v ni t cho thit b in c in p n 1kV. + Nu trang b ni t ch s dng ring cho nhng thit b in c in p cao hn 1kV. Rnd Trong : Rn: Tr s in tr ni t ln nht khi c tnh n s thay i in tr sut ca t () theo thi tit trong nm, [] Icd: Dng in chm t tnh ton, [A]
250 [] Icd

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+ Vic lp t trang b ni t cho thit b in c in p ln hn 1kV, vng t c in tr sut ln hn 500m, c php tng gi tr in tr ni t ca trang b ni t ln n 0,001[] nhng khng c ln hn 5, nu vic thc hin vic t cc cc ni t

nhn to c chi ph qu cao.

Ni t chng st: c tc dng tn dng st trong t khi c st nh vo ct thu st hay trn ng dy gi cho in th mi im trn thn ct khng qu ln trnh gy phng in ngc ti cng trnh c bo v. Thng ni t ca ct thu st v ct in c b tr c lp. Nh nu trn mi loi ni t c yu cu v tr s in tr ni t cho php khc nhau, vic ni t ring r theo tng loi v theo tng cp in p c nhiu u im, tuy nhin vic thc hin s cch ly ny i lc gp nhiu kh khn v c th khng thc hin c. Do vy trn thc t thng ni thnh h thng chung, khi cn ch rng h thng chung phi tha mn yu cu ca loi ni t no c tr s in tr ni t cho php nh nht. 4.1.2 Cc phn t lin quan n in tr ca h thng ni t: in tr ca vt liu v cc mi ni n n: Nu cc tip a c ch to t vt liu c dn in cao, tit din ln, cc mi ni c thc hin chc chn, tip xc tt th in tr bn thn ca n chim t l khng ln so vi gi tr in tr tn ca h thng ni t. Mt khi cc vt liu lm cc khng ng quy cch theo thit k, dy ni qu di, cc mi ni tip xc khng tt s c nh hng ln n gi tr in tr ni t. Vic t mt dy dn duy nht tht di ni ti vng t c in tr sut tht thp gim in tr ni t l iu khng nn lm bi v khi i vi dng xung st dy dn ny s c tr khng ng k lm gim hiu qu ca h thng ni t. in tr tip xc ca t xung quanh vi cc ni t: i vi cc cc ni t c m m bo k thut, khng r rt v lp t xung quanh cc c chn cng th in tr tip xc gia cc v t c th b qua. Trong thc th cht lng thi cng h thng ni t li khng nh mong mun. in tr ca t xung quanh khi c dng in chy qua: iu ny lin quan n in tr sut ca t, y l yu t c ngha nht i vi in tr ca h thng ni t. C th xem cc nh c bao quanh bi cc lp t ng tm, cng gn cc b mt bao quanh cng nh do in tr ca n cng ln cc b mt bao quanh cng ln nn in tr ca n cng nh. Dn dn n mt khong cch nht nh no xem nh t bao quanh khng cn nh hng n in tr ni t. Vng nh hng ny gi l vng tn ca in tr ni t.

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4.2 La chn thit b o v dng c o: 4.2.1 Chn thit b o: Cc thit b o c dng o in tr ni t thng l cc cu o chuyn dng c ch to ph hp cho vic o in tr ni t. c im ca cc cu o ny l ngun in m chng pht ra l ngun c tn s 128Hz vi mc ch l hn ch nh hng ca dng lm vic tn s 50Hz v cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao ca n n dng in th nghim. Mi loi cu o c tnh nng khc nhau ty theo nh sn xut v trnh pht trin cng ngh. Cc cu o thng dng l cc cu o: Megger DET 3/2, 5/4D, 5/4R. 4.2.2 Chn dng c o: Cc dng c o dng o in tr ni t bao gm: Cc, ba, dy. Cc cu o chuyn dng thng i km cc dng c o nh nu trn thng thch hp cho vic o h thng ni t n nh cc ct in n v cc o ngn, cun dy o ngn khng thch hp vi vic o in tr ni t ca h thng ni t bao gm nhiu cc b tr theo chu vi mch vng cc trm bin p c din tch mt bng ln. Do vy cn phi chn dng c o ph hp vi h thng ni t cn o. Dng c o cn quan tm y l cc v dy o: Cc phi dng cc bng ng m km ng knh ti thiu 20mm, chiu di cc khong 1m m bo su ng cc vo t khong 0,8m. Dy o c tit din ti thiu l 2,5mm2 v c chiu di ln ph hp vi php o. 4.3 Mt s phng php o in tr ni t in hnh: 4.3.1 Phng php ri in th: L thuyt ca phng php: Xt h thng ni t X cn o. o in tr ni t ta dng cc cc ni t ph Z (gi l cc dng), cc d Y (gi l cc p) dng o, iu quan trng y lin quan n chnh xc ca php o l cc dng phi xa h thng ni t cn o, cc p Y phi nm ngoi vng chu nh hng in tr ca h thng ni t v cc ni t ph Z. Nu cc p Y nm trong mt vng nh hng in tr hoc c hai vng nu chng giao nhau th khi thay i v tr cc p Y tr s in tr R bin i r rt nh trn hnh 4-1. Trong iu kin nh vy khng th xc nh c tr s chnh xc in tr ca h thng ni t cn o. Ngc li nu cc p Y nm ngoi vng nh hng in tr nh trn hnh 4-2 th khi di chuyn cc p Y ta nhn thy mc bin thin gi tr R rt nh, lc ny mi c th cho kt qu o chnh xc.

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Hnh 4-1: nh hng ca cc vng in tr giao nhau

Hnh 4-2: Cc vng nh hng in tr khng giao nhau Nh vy c s ca phng php ny l xc lp php o sao cho cc p Y nm ng on phng ngang ca c tuyn in tr ni t (tc l vng m khi di chuyn cc p Y mc bin thin ca R rt nh) nh hnh 4-2. Phng php ny c tnh ton cho h thng ni t nh tc l h thng ni t gm mt hay hai cc n c ng su trong t nh ni t ca cc trm bin p ph ti nh c lp cng sut nh. S o:

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Hnh 4-3: S o ca phng php ri in th Cc bc thc hin: Cc dng Z c ng su vo t cch in cc cn o X mt khong t 30-50m. Khong cch ny phi xa cc vng nh hng in tr khng b xp chng ln nhau v gy ra sai s php o. Cc p Y c ng vo t im gia ca khong cch gia cc dng Z v in cc ni t X cn o theo hng thng hng vi nhau. Ni dy o t cc in cc vo cu o in tr ni t, u cc C2 ni n cc dng Z, u cc P2 ni n cc p Y v cc u cc C1, P1 ni n in cc ni t X cn o(ch phi dng 2 dy loi tr nh hng ca dy ni vo tr s o). Kt qu o s hin th trn cu o. Tip tc thc hin cc php o th 2 v 3 tng ng vi v tr ca cc p nh trn hnh 43. Ba gi tr va o c xc nh c on c tuyn phng nht ca ng c tuyn in tr ni t nh hnh 4-2. Nu gi tr o ph hp vi chnh xc yu cu th tr s trung bnh ca chng c xem l tr s in tr ni t thc. Gi s 3 tr s o c l R1, R2, R3. Tr s trung bnh s l Rtb=(R1+R2+R3)/3. Gi lch cc i ca R1, R2, R3 so vi tr s trung bnh ca chng l R, n c th biu th theo phn trm ca tr s trung bnh l (R/Rtb)x100%. Nu tr s (1,2xR/Rtb)x100% nh hn chnh xc ca php o th tr s trung bnh c chp nhn l tr s in tr ni t ca h thng cn o. Nu tr s (1,2xR/Rtb)x100% khng nh hn chnh xc ca php o th c th do v tr ban u ca cc dng khng ng to nn hin tng nh nu hnh 1. Lc ny cn phi a cc dng Z ra v tr xa hn hoc chuyn sang hng khc v tin hnh o li cho n khi no tha iu kin yu cu chnh xc php o. Nhn xt: y l k thut o c bn nht trong cc k thut o in tr ni t, n c u im l thc hin n gin tnh ton t. C s l thuyt ca phng php ny da trn tnh ton cho cc h thng ni t n cc, n thanh nn i vi h thng ni t phc tp php o ny khng t chnh xc cao v trong thc t t gp h thng ni t n. 4.3.2 Phng php 61,8%: L thuyt ca phng php: C s ca phng php ny da vo s hiu bit v tm im in ca h thng ni t v i hi mi trng t l ng nht. Gii quyt c hai vn trn rt phc tp. Mi mng li tip a c in tr tn R u c th xem ging nh in cc bn cu c bn knh rh c chn trong vng t ging nh nhau v c cng in tr tn R. a hnh ng nht (vng t c in tr sut khng thay i trong ton vng) th rh = /2R. Tm im ca bn cu tng ng chnh l tm im in ca h thng ni t.
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L thuyt o cng i hi phi xem mi trng t c o l ng nht, trn thc t t c c vi h thng ni t bao gm nhiu cc v thanh ni vi nhau trong vng c din tch rng. Phng php 61,8% c pht trin nh l mt ci tin ca phng php ri in th nhm khc phc cc vn v vic ng cc th nghim v tr ng t c chnh xc ca php o. S o:

Hnh 4-4: S o ca phng php 61,8% Cc bc thc hin: Cc dng Z c ng vo t cch tm im in ca h thng cn o 1 khong cch l dZ. i vi in cc n khong cch ny l 15m. i vi h thng ni t gm vi cc hay thanh ni song song th khong cch ny c th tng ln n 50 - 60m hoc hn na. Ni chung khong cch ny t nht phi bng 6 ln ng knh ln nht ca ca mch vng tip a. Cc p c ng khong cch 61,8% dZ tnh t tm im in ca h thng X cn o, ta gi khong cch ny l dY (dY = 61,8% dZ). V vy phng php ny c gi l phng php 61,8%. Cc cc p Y, cc dng Z v im ni dy o vo in cc ni t X cn o phi nm trn mt ng thng. Sau khi ng cc xong, ni dy o v tin hnh o th gi tr in tr o c c th xem l tr s in tr ni t ca h thng. Tuy nhin, l thuyt ny gi nh mi trng t l ng nht iu ny trn thc t t xy ra. Do vy c kt qu o tin cy, phi x dch cc dng Z ra xa v tr ban u so vi in cc ni t l 10m v x dch cc dng Z gn vi in cc ni t l 10m. Lc tt nhin cc p phi dch chuyn theo sao cho tho mn qui tc 61,8%. T 3 kt qu o c th tnh ton c tr s trung bnh. c th khc phc nhng khc bit trong s khng ng nht ca t, c th chuyn sang cc hng o khc v thc hin cc bc o trn. Vn t ra l phi xc nh khong cch dZ cn thit l bao nhiu. Cn phi bit ng cho ln nht ca mch vng tip a. Cc kch thc dY v dZ n cc cc p v dng c tham kho theo bng 4-1 sau: Bng 4-1: Bng ghi khong cch cc dng v cc p Khong cch ln nht ca Khong cch n cc p dY o Khong cch n cc dng dZ
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ng cho mch vng ni c t tm im in ca h o c t tm im in ca t, m (xp x) thng ni t, m (xp x) h thng ni t, m (xp x) 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 16,3 20,1 23,3 26,1 28,6 33,2 37 41 44 47 50 53 65 76 94 109 122 135 146 157 167 178 27 33 38 42,5 46,5 53,8 60 66 71 76 81 85 105 120 149 172 193 212 230 246 262 279

Bng trn c lp ra vi gi thit rng tm im in cng v tr vi tm im hnh hc ca h thng ni t, mc d iu ny khng phi lc no cng xy ra. Nhn xt: y l phng php thc hin n gin nht, tnh ton ti thiu, s ln dch chuyn cc t nht. Tr ngi ca phng php ny l khong cch cc dng v chiu di dy o ln khi p dng o h thng ni t ln, chiu di dy o c th ln n 1000m hoc hn na v nh vy s gp kh khn trong thc t trong vic xc nh ng khong cch dY, dZ khi phi i qua a hnh rng ni v vi chiu di dy ln nh vy th in khng ca n c th nh hng n kt qu o. Mt tr ngi na l cn phi bit tm im in cng nh xem mi trng t t h thng ni t l ng nht. V vy phng php ny c th p dng o cc trm bin p cp 35KV cng sut khng ln (16MVA).
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4.4 Cc nguyn nhn nh hng n kt qu o v bin php khc phc: 4.4.1 Cc nguyn nhn nh hng n kt qu o: Hng o: C rt nhiu hng o mi hng o c th cho kt qu khc nhau. C ly ng cc: Khong cch cc p v cc dng khng ng. Cc th nghim: Cc th nghim tip xc khng tt vi t xung quanh lm in tr tn ca cc tng. Nu in tr cc dng ln dng in th nghim s nh lm tng sai s php o v lc dng in nhiu c kh nng ng k so vi dng o. Nu in tr cc p ln, in p o m cu nhn c s khc i dn n sai lch kt qu o. su cc khng m bo. Dy o: Dy o khng ng qui cch nh tit din qu nh v in tr bn thn ln. Dy o tip xc khng tt vi cc cc th nghim v h thng ni t cn o. S o: S dng s o khng hp l vi h thng ni t cn o. nh hng nhiu: Dng in th t khng chy trong t cc li in c trung tnh trc tip ni t. Dng in dung chy trong t cc li in trung tnh cch in. Dng in r b mt cch in thit b xung t. Dng in cm ng trong t do ging st. Dng in mt chiu tn mn trong t. 4.4.2 Bin php khc phc: Nn chn hng o cc vng t m t, trng gn ngun nc t nhin. Khong cch cc dng phi ln cc p khng nm vng giao thoa. S dng cc bng ng m km ng knh ti thiu 20mm, chiu di cc khong 1m m bo su ng cc vo t khong 0,8m. Nu vng t ni ng cc kh, in tr sut ca t ln th phi lm m t quanh cc hay ng vi cc v ni vi nhau thnh nhm cc lm in cc o. cc o tip xc tt vi t khi ng cc phi ng chc chn khng b lc, lung lay. Dy o c tit din ti thiu l 2,5mm2 v c chiu di ln ph hp vi php o, cc ch ni dy phi chc chn v tip xc tt vi cc in cc. Nn s dng s 4 dy thc hin theo nguyn tc: Dy p ni bn trong, dy dng ni bn ngoi. Kim tra tng tr ca cc cc bng m mt hoc bng chnh cu o in tr ni t.
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S dng cu o in tr ni t c kh nhiu hn ch c dng in tn s 50Hz v cc thnh phn sng hi ca n, chn tnh nng lc nhiu trng thi hot ng. gim nh hng nhiu cn p dng cc bin php sau: Thay i hng o khc. Trnh ng cc khu vc giao cho ca nhiu li in cc cp in p. Trnh b tr cc cc theo hng song vi cc ng dy trn khng hay cp ngm. Chn gi tr dng o ln nht hn ch sai s. Tm ngng trong giy lt nhiu thong qua bin mt i ri tin hnh o tr li. 4.5 Cc bc tin hnh o in tr ni t: 4.5.1 i vi tip a cc ct ca ng dy trn khng: a s h thng tip a ct ca ng dy trn khng l h thng ni dt n gin, tuy nhin vn c h thng ni t phc tp. Do vy phi lm theo cc bc sau: Thc hin y cc bin php an ton trc khi trin khai cng tc. Trc khi tin hnh o tip a cho cc ct cn xem xt cc yu t sau: Da vo bn v mt bng thi cng xc nh h thng tip a cn o l loi h thng ni dt n hay phc tp. Cn c vo tng a hnh c th v c im ca h thng tip a cn kim tra, d kin chn ra hng o kh thi. Ct tip a cn o c lin h v in n cc ct khc khng theo dy chng st dc theo ng dy. Nu c dy chng st th khi o tip a tng ct phi tch ring h thng tip a ct cn o vi dy chng st. Sau khi tng hp cc yu t trn chn ra phng php o c th cho h thng tip a cn kim tra. Chn dng c o bao gm: Cu o chuyn dng, dy, cc, ba..... u ni dy o ph hp theo phng php o chn v tin hnh o. 4.5.2 i vi h thng ni t va v ln ca trm bin p: a s h thng ni t ca trm bin p l h thng ni t phc tp c b tr trn mt din tch kh rng ln. Do vy phi lm theo cc bc sau: Thc hin y cc bin php an ton trc khi trin khai cng tc. Trc khi tin hnh o tip a cho cc trm bin p v nh my in cn xem xt cc yu t sau: Da vo bn v mt bng thi cng h thng ni t xc nh di ng knh ln nht mch vng h thng tip a lm c s tnh ton la chn phng php o ph hp. Cn c vo tng a hnh c th v c im ca h thng tip a cn kim tra, d kin chn ra hng o kh thi.

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Sau khi tng hp cc yu t trn chn ra phng php o c th cho h thng tip a cn kim tra. Chn dng c o bao gm: Cu o chuyn dng, dy, cc, ba...D tnh chiu di dy o cn thit cho phng php o chn. u ni dy o ph hp theo phng php o chn v tin hnh o. 4.6 o in tr sut ca t: t l mi trng phc tp v khng ng nht v thnh phn cng nh v cu to. Cc thnh phn ca t bao gm cc ht nh gc hu c hoc v c v nc. in dn ca t trng thi kh cng nh ca nc nguyn cht khng ng k. Nhng nu trong t c cc loi mui, axt chng s ha tan thnh dung dch in phn lm cho t tr thnh mi trng dn in. Nh vy in tr sut ca t ph thuc nhiu vo thnh phn ha hc, nhit v m ca t. Sau y l bng tham kho in tr sut cc loi t khc nhau: Loi t Ph sa t st t mn Ct t vi, si t Granit ct kh Nn

in tr 30 50 100 200 500 1000 3000 sut (m) C hai phng php o in tr sut ca t. Phng php mt: o in tr sut ca t c tin hnh tng t nh o in tr tip a, y cc cc 1 v 2 c ni vi mt cc ni t b sung dng thanh hoc ng kim loi. Cc ni t ph v u d c b tri theo cc khong cch c ch ra trn hnh 4-13 n hnh

4-16.
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in tr sut ca t theo chiu su c th c tnh theo cng thc sau:

= 2,73R
l 4l lg d

Trong : R : in tr o c (). l : chiu su ng cc (m). d : ng knh cc (m). Phng php hai: S dng s o vi bn cc c b tr theo khong cch v su nh hnh 6, chiu su ng cc khng ln hn 1/20 khang cch gia cc cc. Cc 1 v 4 ni vi cc cc bn ngoi. Cc 2,3 ni vi cc cc pha trong. in tr sut ca t c tnh theo cng thc:
= 2 aR

Trong : R a : in tr o c (). : khong cch gia cc cc (m).

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Cn ch rng gi tr in tr sut trn l in tr sut trung bnh ca t su tng ng vi khong cch a gia 2 cc.

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K THUT TH NGHIM CAO P MT CHIU:

5.1 ngha ca th nghim cao p mt chiu i vi cch in ca cc thit b in. Th nghim cao p mt chiu nhm mc ch nghim thu v bo dng thit b. Cc thng tin nhn c t th nghim ny s cho cc kt lun v tnh trng cch in ca thit b in trong vic lp t mi cng nh trong vn hnh, c th ng in an ton hay cn bo dng, thay th cc phn t xung cp, nhm ko di tui th thit b. C trng hp n l thng s chnh xc nh cht lng thit b (nh i vi mt s loi chng st van). 5.2 Yu cu k thut ca th nghim cao p mt chiu. Cc mc in p v phng php th nghim i vi thit b tun th theo cc tiu chun cng nghip v cc lu ca Nh ch to. Khi khng th c cc thng tin v thit b th nn th nghim in p mt chiu da trn in p nh mc xoay chiu trnh h hng h thng cch in. i vi in p mt chiu, thi gian tc dng ca in p ty thuc vo tng i tng v thnh phn cu to ca cch in thng thng hay quy nh l 5 pht hay 10 pht. Th nghim bng in p mt chiu thng c tin hnh i vi cc kt cu cch in c in dung ln (cp, my in...) v thit b th nghim cao p mt chiu khng yu cu c cng sut ln, d vn chuyn. Ngoi ra, in p th nghim mt chiu cho php cao hn in p th nghim xoay chiu 1,5 ln m khng s mt h hng no i vi cch in hon ho. Th nghim in p mt chiu khng thch hp vi th nghim my ct xoay chiu bi v in p mt chiu khng to nn ng sut tng t i vi h thng cch in khi vn hnh. Cch in ca thit b c xem l t k thut nu trong thi gian th nghim khng c s tng t bin v dng r, khng b phng in chc thng hoc ph hu. 5.3 La chn phng php v s th nghim: 5.3.1 Phng php th:

Tng dn in p th nghim t vo i tng th, ly dng in r tng cp in p th theo di (thng thng 4-5 cp), ly c tuyn V-A vi cc loi cp lc hoc tnh K phi tuyn i vi my pht, ng c in cng sut ln.

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5.3.2

S th nghim: Hnh 5.1 S nguyn l c bn ca php th Cao th mt chiu

Mt s s in hnh p dng cho cc i tng thng gp: i tng th S

My bin p lc 2 cun dy (p dng s tng t cho my bin p 3 cun dy).

A
HV

a b c

B C

HV

Cp lc

Thit b ng ct (My ct - Dao cch ly)

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M a y c t (D ao ca ch l y )

HV

A1
B1

A2

B2

C1

C2

i tng th
HV

T in cao th Php th: Cc - Cc Php th Cc - V

HV

5.4 La chn thit b v dng c th nghim: La chn thit b th nghim ph hp vi U th chn. Cc thit b th in p cao c km theo thit b o dng in mt chiu (my th cao p

AID-70, BIDDLE 50/100 KVAC TEST, BAUR 50 AC / 70DC TEST), ng h o nhit

v m mi trng (nhit k - m k) phi c hiu chun t yu cu k thut v cn hiu lc v thi gian hiu chun. 5.5 Th tc tin hnh php th nghim cao p mt chiu v ghi s liu. 5.5.1 Cc lu v an tan trong qu trnh th nghim Cc bc thc hin v s lng nhn vin tham gia p ng y qui nh ca qui trnh k thut an tan. Ngi th nghim kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in, cch ly hon ton vi cc ngun in p, v ca cp phi c ni t. Khu vc th nghim phi c ro chn, ngi khng c nhim v khng c vo v lun c ngi trng coi . Nu dng dy cng thay ro chn th trn dy phi treo bin Dng li! C in nguy him cht ngi. Nu cc dy dn in i qua hnh lang, cu thang, sn nh, th phi c ngi ng gc cc v tr cn thit. Trc khi a in vo th, tt c cc nhn vin trong n v cng tc phi rt ra v tr an tan theo s ch dn ca ngi ch huy trc tip. Trc khi ng in ngi ch huy trc tip phi t mnh kim tra mch u ni dy th nghim v cc bin php an tan.
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Khi s dng cc thit b th nghim phi tun th cht ch qui trnh hng dn s dng thit b v Qui trnh k thut an tan in. Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim, sau tch cc u cc ca i tng ni vo h thng in. 5.5.2 Trnh t thc hin o v ly s liu th nghim:

1. o in tr cch in: Sau khi gi tr o in tr cch in t yu cu (Yu cu qui i nhit ti thi im o v nhit theo bng tiu chun). Nhn vin th nghim tin hnh bc tip theo. 2. Th nghim cao p mt chiu. Chun b s th nghim cao p mt chiu La chn in p th nghim, ph hp vi dng th nghim v quy nh ca ngnh in i vi tng i tng thit b c th nghim (xem phn tiu chun th nghim i vi tng trng hp c th). Trnh t th nghim nh sau: i tng th phi c ct in, cch ly c hai u v ni t phng ht in tch d trong i tng. in p th nghim mt chiu c ni vi i tng cn th nghim, cc phn khng th nghim cn li trong thit b c ni t. m bo thit b th nghim cao p v tr tt ngun v bt kho (ON, OFF) v OFF a in p iu khin v khng trc khi bt u th nghim. Ni t an ton cho thit b th nghim cao p vi u ni t chc chn, m bo ch ni tt. Khng bao gi c thao tc th nghim cao p mt chiu m khng c ni t chc chn. Cng vy cn ni v Thit b v u ni t ca thit b th nghim. Dy ni th nghim cao th phi m bo ni chc chn. Cp dng ni thit b cao p vi i tng th phi ngn v ni trc tip trn sut chiu di ca n khng b chm t v bo m khong cch. To ngn mch nhn to ti u ra cao th ca thit b th kim tra hot ng ca h thng bo v ca thit b th nghim, nu h thng lm vic tt th mi tin hnh cc bc tip theo. Bt chuyn mch chn in p th nghim trn thit b o v v tr in p thch hp. Bt chuyn mch cp ngun th nghim trn thit b o v v tr ON. Tng dn in p th n in p la chn. Tc tng in p 2.5KV/giy. Lu : Tc tng in p c th chm hn, c bit i vi cc i tng th c in dung ln v d cc cp, My pht c in dung ln trnh h hng thit b th nghim. Ghi nhn gi tr dng in r thi im 60 giy sau khi in p th t n gi tr la chn. Sau khi nng in p th n in p th tiu chun duy tr ng thi gian qui nh, theo di s bin thin dng r.
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i vi cc Thit b cn kim chng li tr s in tr cch in: ghi nhn cc gi tr dng in r cc thi im 15 giy, 60 giy sau khi in p th t n gi tr la chn xc nh in tr cch in v h s hp th. Khi gi tr o khng n nh th tm thi ngng o, u tt cc u cc Thit b v u t t nht trong 5 pht x hon ton cc in tch d, tm nguyn nhn. Sau khi kt thc th nghim, quay kho chuyn mch ca thit b th nghim v v tr OFF. Cho php Thit b va c th phng in qua mch phng ca thit b th nghim hoc qua ni t bn ngoi. Khng s vo Thit b cho n khi phng in ht. Tin hnh kim tra li gi tr in tr cch in. Sau khi thc hin xong tt c cc php o trn mt i tng thit b, ngi th nghim cn phi v sinh thit b o, dn dp v hon tr s v ng s vn hnh nh khi nhn ban u. 5.5.3 nh gi kt qu o

Cp lc: chnh lch dng in r khng quy nh. Mc chnh lch dng in r ch
l phn on, khng c tnh cht quyt nh cho vic a vo vn hnh hay khng. Nu h s chnh lch gia cc pha qu 2 ln v dng in r so vi ln trc nhit tng t tng mt cch r rt, Dng in r khng n nh, tng t bin, biu hin cch in ca cp c h hng,cn phi nng cao in th th hoc ko di thi gian lin tc tm ch h hng. My ct (Dao cch ly): Dng in r tng chng t b mt cch in bn. Cch in ca mt s chi tit cch in hoc truyn ng bng vt liu hu c suy gim. 5.6 Mt s lu trong qu trnh th nghim cao p mt chiu: Th nghim qu in p mt chiu c th tin hnh bt c lc no sau khi thit b ngng hot ng mt vi gi. Tuy nhin nn tin hnh th nghim theo k hoch vi nh k quan st thit b. iu ny cho php tm nguyn nhn h hng v tin hnh sa cha t tn km nht a thit b vo lm vic bnh thng. Thit b phi c ct khi li trc khi th nghim nhit gim di 400C. Mi trng th nghim phi kh ro v sch s. B mt cch in ca i tng th phi sch v kh. i vi cc i tng c in dung ln, trong trong qa trnh tng in p th nghim, cn thn, yu cu tc nng in p nh hn 2,5 kV/giy, trnh dng np qu ln gy h hng thit b th nghim. Trong sut qu trnh th nghim phi lin tc theo di dng in r, nu c hin tng dng tng vt phi lp tc gim in p v 0, thc hin cc bin php an ton v tm hiu nguyn nhn. Sau khi th nghim phi tip t chc chn cc u ra ca i tng th t nht 15 pht m bo x ht in tch d np.
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K THUT TH NGHIM CAO P XOAY CHIU TN S CNG NGHIP

6.1 ngha ca th nghim cao p xoay chiu tn s cng nghip: Hng mc kim tra chnh nh gi v tnh trng cch in ca cc thit b in. 6.2 Yu cu k thut ca th nghim cao p xoay chiu Cch in ca thit b c xem l t yu cu k thut khi khng b phng in chc thng hoc ph hu trong thi gian th nghim. 6.3 La chn phng php v s th nghim: 6.3.1 Phng php th: Tng dn in p th n U th chn, duy tr thi gian th sau gim in p th v 0. S th nghim: Ph hp vi tng i tng th. Hnh 6-1: S nguyn l th nghim cao p xoay chiu

S th nghim i vi tng thit b in tng t nh khi th nghm cao th mt chiu. 6.4 La chn thit b v dng c th nghim: La chn thit b th nghim ph hp vi U th chn. Cc thit b th in p cao (my th cao p AID-70, BIDDLE 50/100 KVAC TEST,

BAUR 50 AC / 70DC TEST (B iu khin v b cao p), o nhit v m mi trng

(nhit k - m k) phi c hiu chun t yu cu k thut v cn hiu lc v thi gian hiu chun.

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6.5 Th tc tin hnh php th nghim cao p xoay chiu v ghi s liu. 6.5.1 Cng tc chun b:

Nghin cu cc thng s, tnh trng k thut ca i tng th. S liu o in tr cch in v cc thng s khc nh Kht, PI ca i tng th. La chn in p th ph hp i vi cc i tng tho mn cc iu kin th cao th. Chun b sn bng ghi chp cc ni dung: Thng s nghit , m mi trng,nhit ca i tng th, thi gian, a im, h v tn nhn vin th nghim. Chun b thit b th nghim ph hp vi i tng v tiu chun th nghim. Chun b y cc dng c - ph kin phc v th nghim nh dy tip a lu ng, ro chn, bin bo an ton, dy dn cao th, so dy, cc dng c c kh...; Cc dng c v sinh hoc sy nu cn. Thit b thng tin nu i tng th c kch thc hoc phm vi th nghim ln khng th quan st c (V d: Cp lc). Chun b thm cc thit b chiu sng cc b m bo chiu sng khu vc v i tng th nghim. Yu cu: Cc thit b chiu sng ny phi c ngun c lp vi ngun th nghim, phi m bo cc yu cu v an ton nh chng va p, chng nc. Chun b ngun th nghim cng sut c in p v tn s n nh t yu cu k thut v b tr ti v tr ngi trc tip tin hnh th nghim khi cn ngi ny hoc ngi ph vic c th nhanh chng ct khn cp ngun th nghim m bo an ton. V sinh cc b mt cch in bn ngoi ca i tng c th nghim. Ghi nhn cc gi tr nhit mi trng t nhit k ca ngi th nghim. Khi th nghim my in: ghi thm nhit du, nhit cun dy t cc ng h nhit lp trong i tng o. 6.5.2 Cc bin php an ton:

Ngi th nghim nhn hin trng th nghim t b phn vn hnh hoc sa cha theo cc quy nh ca ngnh in. Ngi th nghim kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in, cch ly hon ton vi cc ngun in p, v thit b phi c ni t. Dng bt th in kim tra i tng th khng cn in, sau mi cho php tin hnh tip a lu ng cc phn dn in ca i tng th. Ni t tm thi mt cch chc chn cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim, sau tch cc u cc ca i tng ang ni vo h thng. nh du th t pha cc u dy ni trnh nhm ln khi u ni li s (iu ny cc k quan trng i vi cp lc, cc loi my pht in c u ra s dng dy dn mm). i vi cc loi my in: Thc hin vic ni tt cc u dy ra ca mi cun dy c o. Ni tt v ni t cc u ra ca cc cun dy khng c th nghim k c cun dy rto trnh cm ng.
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B tr thit b th nghim v tr tt nht, m bo phn dy dn t thit b n i tng th l ngn nht, ngi iu khin c th quan st c bng mt, d dng tip a lu ng u ra cao p ca thit b th khi cn. Kim tra ngun, cc u ni v dy o ca thit b phi m bo yu cu k thut. u ni s o ph hp quy trnh s dng thit b o. Tin hnh lp ro chn, bin bo c lp khu vc th nghim. B tr ngi canh gc ti cc khu vc khng quan st c, kim tra m bo thng tin lin lc thng sut vi b phn canh gc trong sut qu trnh th nghim. 6.5.3 Tin hnh o v ly s liu: To ngn mch nhn to ti u ra cao th ca thit b th kim tra hot ng ca h thng bo v ca thit b th nghim, nu h thng lm vic tt th mi tin hnh cc bc tip theo. Tho cc ni t tm thi ang ni trn cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim. Bt chuyn mch chn in p th nghim trn thit b o v v tr in p thch hp. Bt chuyn mch cp ngun th nghim trn thit b o v v tr ON. Tng dn in p th n in p la chn. Tc tng in p 2.5KV/giy. Duy tr in p th trong thi gian 1 pht, sau gim in p v 0, ct ngun th nghim, dng so tip a ni t cc u cc i tng cn th nghim nhm m bo an ton. Ghi chp r rng v y vo bin bn kt qu th nghim, thi gian tin hnh, tn nhn vin th nghim. Sau khi thc hin xong tt c cc php o trn mt i tng thit b, ngi th nghim cn phi v sinh thit b o, dn dp v hon tr s v trng thi nh khi nhn ban u. 6.5.4 nh gi kt qu o v tiu chun p dng Cch in thit b c xem l t yu cu nu khng c hin tng phng thng cch in, khngc hin tng chy xm v c mi kht, gi tr in tr cch in o li sau khi th khng b suy gim. 6.6 Mt s lu trong qu trnh th nghim cao p xoay chiu Th nghim qu p xoay chiu c tnh cht lm gi ho hoc ph hu cch in nn phi cc k thn trng khi p dng, c bit i vi cc thit b quan trng v t tin nh my pht, my bin p. Ch c bit i vi cc my vn hnh qua mt thi gian di. 6.6.1 i vi my pht in v ng c cng sut ln: + Phi tnh ton cng sut ca my bin p th nghim ph hp vi in p th nghim la chn v in dung ca i tng th. + La chn b m phng bo v qu p ph hp vi in p th v i tng th; v hiu chnh in p lm vic trc khi tin hnh th nghim Ulm vic= (1,05-1,1)U th
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+ Dy dn cao th t thit b th n i tng th phi c tit din ln. 6.7 Gii thiu mt s thit b th nghim cao p xoay chiu. Hp b th cao th xoay chiu - mt chiu kiu AID-70. Hp b th cao th xoay chiu - mt chiu kiu BIDDLE 50/100 KVAC TEST Hp b th cao th xoay chiu - mt chiu kiu BAUR 50 AC / 70DC TEST

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TH NGHIM MY BIN P IN LC

7.1 Khi nim v th nghim my bin p xc nh cht lng my bin p in lc trong qu trnh ch to, khi xut xng, trong vn hnh hng nm nhm mc ch gim st cht lng, gim xc sut s c, ln k hoch d phng, sa cha, thay th cc my bin p in lc, trong cng nghip in lc qui nh cc hng mc c th cn tin hnh th nghim i vi tng trng hp nu trn 7.2 Cc hng mc th nghim my bin p Phn loi theo ngha: 1. Th nghim gim st cht lng trong sn xut MBA. 2. Th nghim xc nh cht lng lot sn phm (cc th nghim c bit ch tin hnh thm nh mt kiu thit k MBA). 3. Th nghim xut xng. 4. Th nghim nghim thu trc khi a my bin p vo vn hnh. 5. Th nghim nh k. 6. Th nghim kim tra sau s c bt thng. Phn loi theo mc ch: 1. Th nghim xc nh cht lng cch in. 2. Th nghim xc nh thng s k thut, thng s cu trc. 3. Th nghim xc nh cc thng s k thut m rng. 7.2.1 Th nghim xc nh cht lng Cch in chnh 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. o in tr cch in. Xc nh h s tn tht in mi. Th nghim chu in p mt chiu tng cao v xc nh dng in r. Th nghim chu in p xoay chiu tng cao tn s cng nghip. Th nghim chu in p xung thao tc. Th nghim chu in p xung st tiu chun. Th nghim phng in cc b.

7.2.2 Th nghim xc nh cht lng Cch in vng 1. 2. Th nghim chu in p qu p cm ng tn s cao. Th nghim o in p phn b khi chu in p xung st tiu chun.

7.2.3 Th nghim xc nh cht lng du cch in 1. Th nghim xc nh in p chc thng tn s cng nghip trong in trng ca in cc tiu chun. 2. Th nghim xc nh h s tn tht in mi.
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3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Th nghim xc nh hm lng m. Th nghim xc nh nhit chp chy (trong cc kn). Th nghim xc nh tp cht c hc. Th nghim xc nh ch s Axit. Th nghim phn tch hm lng kh ha tan (sc k kh).

7.2.4 Th nghim xc nh cc thng s k thut v cu trc Cc thng s k thut c bn: 1. Th nghim xc nh t u dy. 2. Th nghim xc nh t s bin p. 3. Th nghim khng ti. 4. Th nghim ngn mch. 5. Th nghim xc nh n nh nhit. Cc thng s k thut m rng: 1. Th nghim hiu chnh th vng b chuyn nc phn p. 2. Th nghim xc nh kh nng chu p lc ca v my. 3. Th nghim xc nh kn ca v my. 4. Th nghim xc nh n. 5. Th nghim xc nh n nh ng (th nghim ngn mch trc tip in p nh mc). 7.3 Th nghim lp mi Th nghim lp mi my bin p tin hnh ti v tr my bin p c lp t v a vo vn hnh. Cc hng mc th nghim nghim thu my bin p (th nghim lp mi my bin p) nhm mc ch kim tra cht lng my bin p sau khi lp t hon chnh loi tr cc h hng do chuyn ch, lp t khng ng qui nh gy ra. Cc s liu th nghim nghim thu my bin p cn c lu li trong l lch my theo di trong qu trnh vn hnh. Khi lng cc hng mc th nghim lp mi my bin p c lit k sau y c tnh tng qut. Khi lng cc hng mc ny thay i ty theo c im c th tng my v ph thuc ch yu vo hai yu t: - Cng sut v in p nh mc. - Nng lc thit b th nghim ti hin trng (k c nng lc ca ngun th nghim) - Cc hng mc p dng i vi tng trng hp c th c qui nh r trong Qui trnh vn hnh v sa cha my bin p s 623 VN/KTN do EVN ban hnh ngy 23/5/1997. 7.3.1 Khi lng cc hng mc th nghim lp mi 1. 2. Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi o in tr cch in
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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Th nghim kim tra t u dy Th nghim khng ti (hoc khng ti nh ti in p qui nh ca nh ch to) Th nghim ngn mch Th nghim du Th nghim o h s tn tht in mi (Tg hay DF) Th nghim o t s bin p Th nghim o in tr cun dy bng dng in mt chiu (o in tr mt chiu) Th cao th mt chiu v o dng in r Th cao th xoay chiu tng cao ng in xung kch my bin p Th cch in vng dy bng in p cm ng

7.4 Th nghim nh k Th nghim nh k my bin p tin hnh theo chu k hng nm. Cc hng mc th nghim nh k my bin p nhm mc ch kim tra cht lng my bin p sau mt nm vn hnh. Cn c theo s liu th nghim, kt hp vi cc tiu chun k thut v nht k vn hnh, K S Trng n v ch qun s quyt nh cho my bin p tip tc vn hnh hoc a ra sa cha. Cc s liu th nghim nh k my bin p cn c lu li trong l lch my theo di trong qu trnh vn hnh. Khi lng cc hng mc th nghim nh k my bin p c lit k sau y c tnh tng qut. Cc hng mc p dng i vi tng trng hp c th ph hp vi cng sut v in p nh mc tng my c qui nh r trong Qui trnh vn hnh v sa cha my bin p do EVN ban hnh ngy 23/5/1997. 7.4.1 Khi lng cc hng mc th nghim nh k: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. dy) 7. 8. 9. 10. Th cao th mt chiu v o dng in r Th cao th xoay chiu tng cao ng in xung kch my bin p Th cch in vng dy bng in p cm ng Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi o in tr cch in Th nghim khng ti (hoc khng ti nh) Th nghim du Th nghim o h s tn tht in mi (Tg hay DF) Th nghim o in tr cun dy bng dng mt chiu (in tr mt chiu cun

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7.5 Gii thiu cc tiu chun th nghim MBA My bin p c thit k, ch to v vn hnh trong mt h thng in c cc c tnh v in c tnh ton khi thit k h thng. Trn thc t cc tiu chun ca cc h thng in trn th gii ni chung khng hon ton ging nhau. Cc ch lm vic ca h thng cn phi tnh ton xc nh. T mi c cc iu kin khung (tiu chun ca li; iu kin k thut ca li) xc nh cc tiu chun thit k ch to, km theo l tiu chun th nghim my bin p trong lp mi v trong th nghim nh k. Cc h thng tiu chun Tiu chun ca Hip Hi in Lc Quc T v My bin p (Tiu chun IEC - 76) Tiu chun ca ngnh in Vit Nam (Tiu chun ngnh TCN 26-87) Tiu chun ca Qui trnh vn hnh v sa cha my bin p do EVN ban hnh theo quyt nh s 623 VN/KTN ngy 25/5/1997 (Hin hnh).

Qui nh v thi hn, hng mc, khi lng th nghim nh k cho thit b s: 3075/CV-EVN-KTL, ngy 14/07/2003.
Quy chun k thut Quc gia v K thut in QCVN QT-5:2009/BCT Tp 5 Kim nh trang thit b h thng in. Cc Tiu chun ca cc nh ch to (cn tham kho, xem xt ph hp vi cc thng s k thut ca li in hin hnh hay khng)

7.6 Cc hng mc th nghim MBA ang thc hin v tiu chun nh gi 7.6.1 Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi cc MBA bao gm: - B mt cc s cch in, s u vo (c rn nt, bn, chy du) - V my c nguyn vn v c b r du khng. - Ty dn: khng c cong vnh, chy. - S lng du: phi theo ng ch hoc vch ch mc du. - Mu sc ca ht ht m. 7.6.2. o in tr cch in cc cun dy R60 m bo kt qu o c chnh xc cn tun th cc iu kin sau: a) Thao tc o ch tin hnh nhit cun dy t 10oC tr ln i vi cc MBA t 150KV tr xung v t 30oC tr ln vi cc my bin p 220KV b) i vi cc MBA 220KV hoc cc MBA c cng sut 80.000KVA tr ln in p 110KV, nn o cch in nhit sai khc khng qu 5% so vi nhit khi nh ch to o. i vi cc bin p di 150KV v cng sut di 80.000KVA sai s nhit trn khng qu 10oC. Nu nhit khi o sai khc so vi nh ch to th cn quy i kt qu v cng mt nhit theo k s K1 trong bng 1:

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BNG 1. H S QUY I K1 Chnh lch (oC) K1 1 2 3 1,13 4 1,17 5 1,22 10 1,50 15 1,84 20 2,25 25 2,75 30 3,40

1,04 1,08

c) Nhit cun dy i vi cc MBA t 35KV tr xung c coi l bng nhit lp du trn cng, nhit cun dy cc MBA trn 35KV c coi l nhit cun dy cao p pha B xc nh bng phng php in tr mt chiu theo cng thc sau: tx = Rx / R0 (235+t0)-235 Trong : R0 in tr cun dy o nh ch to nhit t0 Rx in tr cun dy o nhit tx d) i vi cc MBA 110KV tr ln trc khi o in tr cch in cn tip a cun dy cn o khng di 120 giy. Nu kt qu cn kim tra li th trc khi o ln tip theo cn tip a cun dy cn o khng di 300 giy. Nu khng c s liu ca nh ch to so snh th c th tham kho gi tr cho php ca in tr cch in theo bng 2: BNG 2. GI TR IN TR CCH IN (M) Cp in p cun cao p 35KV c CS < 10.000KVA 35KV c CS 10.000KVA v 110KV Nhit cun dy (oC) 10 450 20 300 30 200 40 130 50 90 60 60 70 40

900

600

400

260

180

120

80

e) Khi chnh lch nhit khng c trong bng 2 th c th tnh bng cch nhn cc h s tng ng. V d: Chnh lch nhit l 9oC khng c trong bng 2, c th tnh nh sau: K9 = K5*K4 = 1,22 * 1,17 = 1,42 7.6.3. Xc nh h s hp th K= R60/R15 Hng mc o h s hp th K khng tiu chun ho, thng thng trong khong 10-30 0C t s ny khng thp hn 1,3 i vi my c cch in khng b nhim m. i vi MBA 1 pha khng o h s hp th do cun dy ca MBA nh, thit b o khng nhy xc nh h s hp th. 7.6.4. o tang cc cun dy MBA

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o tang gc tn tht in mi (tg) bt buc i vi MBA t 110KV tr ln v MBA t 35KV tr ln c cng sut t 10.000KVA. m bo chnh xc cn lu a, b, c ca mc (2). Tr s ca tg khng tiu chun ha m so snh vi s liu xut xng hoc so vi ln th nghim trc. Tuy nhin khi khng c cc s liu ny c th tham kho tr s ti a cho php ca tg% cun dy MBA ti bng 3: BNG 3. GI TR tg% CUN DY MY BIN P Cp in p cun cao p 35KV c CS < 10.000KVA 35KV c CS 10.000KVA v 110KV Nhit cun dy (oC) 10 1,2 20 1,5 30 2,0 40 2,6 50 3,4 60 4,5 70 6,0

0,8

1,0

1,3

1,7

2,3

3,0

4,0

Trng hp nhit khi o sai khc vi nhit nh ch to o lc xut xng, ta cn quy i v cng mt nhit theo h s K2 trong bng 4: BNG 4. H S QUY I K2 Chnh lch (oC) K2 1 1,05 2 1,10 3 1,15 4 1,20 5 1,25 10 1,55 15 1,95 16 2,4

Bt k tg cc cun dy o c khi xut xng l bao nhiu nu tg o ti hin trng nh hn hoc bng 1% u c coi l t tiu chun. 7.6.5. o tg, in dung cc s u vo c du v th in p xoay chiu tng cao i vi cc s khc. - Gi tr tg o c cc s u vo c du khng c cao hn bng 5: BNG 5. GI TR Tg S U VO MY BIN P Tg% in p nh mc Dng vt liu cch in 60-110KV M i S du c mng chn du S cch in kiu giy du 2 0,8 Vn hnh 5 1,5 150-220KV M i 2 0,6 Vn hnh 4 1,2
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S cch in bng Baklit (k c loi cha du) S cch in kiu giy Epoxi (s cch in cng 110KV)

2 0,9

5 1,5

i vi cc s 110KV khc c th nghim tng cao tn s cng nghip vi in p 200KV. - i vi cc MBA t 35KV tr xung cc s u vo c th nghim in p tng cao tn s cng nghip cng vi cun dy. 7.6.6. o t s bin i Phi kim tra t s bin i tng u phn p ca cc MBA: - S chnh lch gia kt qu o v ca nh sn xut phi nh hn 0,5%. - T s bin p o c tt c cc nc tng ng ca cc pha khng c sai lch nhau qu 2%. i vi cc MBA c iu p di ti sai lch khng c vt qu tr s ca mt nc iu chnh. 7.6.7. Kim tra cc tnh, t u dy v th t pha Phi kim tra cc tnh, t u dy v th t pha ca cc MBA. i vi cc MBA 1 pha, tt c cc cun dy phi c kim tra cc tnh. i vi cc MBA 3 pha, tt c cc cun dy phi c kim tra t u dy v th t pha m bo khng c s khc bit no so vi thng s ca nh ch to v vi k hiu trn nhn my. 7.6.8. o in tr mt chiu cun dy in tr cun dy cc MBA phi c o bng dng in mt chiu. Chnh lch in tr gia cc nc tng ng ca cc pha v so snh vi s liu xut xng ca nh ch to, s liu th nghim nh k phi nh hn 2%. 7.6.9. Th nghim khng ti - Dng khng ti khng c sai lch qu 30% so vi s liu xut xng - Tn tht khng ti ca cc MBA 3 pha di 110KV v cc MBA 1 pha t 110KV tr ln khng c sai lch qu 10% so vi s liu xut xng - Tn tht khng ti cc MBA 3 pha 110KV tr ln khng c sai lch qu 5% so vi s liu xut xng - Tn tht v dng khng ti ca 2 pha A v C i vi cc MBA 3 pha khng c sai lch nhau qu 5% 7.6.10. Th nghim ngn mch in p ngn mch khng c sai lch qu 10% v tn tht ngn mch khng c tng ln qu 10% so vi s liu xut xng. 7.6.11. Th nghim in p tng cao tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca MBA - Tr s in p th nghim i vi cc my mi lp t v cc my sau sa cha c thay th hon ton cun dy ly bng 90%, my sau sa cha khng thay
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hoc ch thay mt phn cun dy th ly bng 85% in p th ca nh ch to khi xut xng. - Nu khng c s liu th nghim ca nh ch to tr s in p th nghim i vi cc my mi lp t v cc my sau sa cha c thay th hon ton cun dy ly bng 90%, my sau sa cha khng thay hoc ch thay mt phn cun dy th ly bng 85% s liu ca bng 6: BNG 6. GI TR IN P TNG CAO THEO CP IN P Cp in p (KV) in p th (KV) 0,5 5 3 8 6 25 10 35 15 45 20 55 35 85 110 200

7.6.12. Kim tra b iu p di ti - Kim tra thao tc chuyn mch: B iu p di ti c th chuyn mch m khng cn bt c tc ng bt thng c bng tay ln bng iu khin in. - o dng iu khin ng c in: Tr s dng in ng c khi iu khin b iu p di ti ng ct chuyn mch nh nhng, khng cn bt c tc ng no ln c cu truyn ng phi m bo nm trong dung sai cho php theo tiu chun ca nh ch to. - Chp sng b cng tc K. - Kim tra th vng v phn tch qu trnh lm vic ca cc tip im dp la, kim tra vic ch th cc nc trn b iu p di ti, trn b truyn ng v ti bng iu khin phi ging nhau. 7.6.13. Kim tra h thng lm mt Phi kim tra h thng lm mt ca MBA m bo cc bm v qut vn hnh bnh thng. Phi o v kim tra dng in ca h thng lm mt m bo cc thng s k thut ca nh sn xut. Kim tra chiu quay ca cc ng c. 7.6.14. Th nghim du cch in Du cch in cc MBA c th nghim theo Quy trnh th nghim ha du (QT30) do Cng ty Th nghim in lc Thnh ph H Ch Minh ban hnh.

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TH NGHIM DU CCH IN:

8.1 c tnh ca du cch in v khi lng tiu chun th nghim du cch in trong lp mi v nh k ca cc thit b in: 8.1.1 c tnh ca du cch in: 8.1.1.1 Ngun gc du cch in: Du m thin nhin ly t cc m du di t, sau khi tinh luyn bng cc phng php tng i phc tp (v d phng php chng ct, phng php x l bng axt Sunfurickim) s c nhiu loi du rt quan trng trong cng nghip. Du dng trong My bin th, trong my ct in, du Tuc bin v cc loi du nhn khc, thng dng trong h thng in u l mt phn trong cc sn phm . 8.1.1.2 Tc dng ca du cch in trong thit b: 8.1.1.3 Du cch in dng trong thit b c 03 tc dng chnh. Bao gm: a) Tc dng cch in, b) Tc dng tn nhit, c) Tc dng dp h quang. Tc dng cch in: H s in mi ca khng kh rt thp so vi h s in mi ca du ni chung. Nu cun dy ca bin th bc vi hay bc bng cc cht cch in khc v trong khng kh th h s in mi rt nh nhng nu em t vo du, dng du thay cho khng kh th h s in mi tng ln rt nhiu. Khi s dng my bin th m du trong y cn t th thng sinh ra hin tng phng in xuyn thng u dy v v my. Do chng t du cch in rt quan trng trong thit b in m bo vn hnh an ton. Tc dng tn nhit: Khi my bin p vn hnh, dng in qua cun dy lm dy dn nng ln, nu khng kp thi lm ngui i, nhit s tch dn trong cun dy. Khi nhit qu cao, cht cch in ca cun dy s b hng, c khi dn n chy. Du cch in c th lin tc ti nhit lng sinh ra trong cun dy. Khi my bin p lm vic, cun dy nng ln lm cho du phn trn my bin p c nhit cao hn du phn di. Da vo nguyn l, nhit du tng ln th t trng gim, kt qu l du phn trn chy vo b phn tn nhit chung quanh my bin th v du t phn di ca b phn tn nhit chy vo my bin th. Nh tc dng i lu do nhit trn di khng u nhau gy ra v nh b phn tn nhit nn nhit lng ca cun dy c tn ra ngoi, do trnh c tn hi do nhit lng tch ly trong cun dy gy ra, m bo vn hnh an ton cho thit b. Tc dng dp h quang: Khi my ct ngt in, gia u tip xc ng v tnh pht sinh h quang. Nhit h quang rt cao nu khng c bin php truyn nhit lng v lm ngui h quang th sau khi pht sinh h quang rt nhiu ion v in t mi s xut hin. Du cch in
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di tc dng ca h quang th bc hi, trong hi cha 70% hyr. Hyr l mt loi kh tiu dit h quang rt linh hot, mt khc, trong qu trnh phn hu du mt phn nhit lng h quang mt i, ng thi cht hi bay vo trong h quang lm cho h quang ngui i, nh vy h quang khng pht sinh c. 8.1.2 Khi lng tiu chun th nghim du cch in trong lp mi v nh k ca cc thit b in: 8.1.2.1 Mt s ch tiu nh gi cht lng du: nh gi cht lng du ngi ta da vo nhiu ch tiu, cc ch tiu ny c a ra qua qu trnh nghin cu, tnh ton cng nh qua thc t lm vic ca thit b c cha du. Ty thuc vo c tnh lm vic, c tnh cu trc ca thit b m loi du c s dng cho thit b phi c ch tiu ph hp. T trng T trng ca du c nh ngha l t s khi lng ca mt n v th tch du trn khi lng ca cng mt th tch nc nhit quy nh. T trng du c xc nh theo tiu chun IEC 296. nht ( nht qui c 0E hoc nht ng hc cSt): nht ca du nh hng trc tip n kh nng tn nhit ca du. Du c nht cng cao th kh nng tn nhit cng km v ngc li. nht ng hc c xc nh theo tiu chun ASTM D445. nht ca du chu nh hng rt ln bi nhit . Khi nhit tng th nht gim v ngc li. Do du c s dng trong cc thit b c khong nhit vn hnh thay i kh ln cho nn yu cu du phi c nht tng i n nh trong phm vi nhit . Nhit chp chy kn (0C): Nhit chp chy kn ca du l nhit m ti hn hp hi du v khng kh trn mt thong du b bng chy khi c mi la a vo. Nhit chp chy c xc nh theo tiu chun ASTM D 93... Trong cc thit b in m du thng xuyn chu nhit cao cc b (my ct, b iu p di ti ca my bin th...), cc thnh phn ca du s b phn hy to ra cc hyrccbon c im chy thp, dn n nhit chp chy ca du gim i v d sinh ra chy n. Mt khc do s phn hy cc thnh phn ca du cho nn cht lng du s b thay i do y l mt ch tiu c bn nh gi cht lng ca du my bin th. Tp cht c hc: Tp cht c hc trong du cch in thng c xc nh theo phng php trc quan. y l cc loi tp cht nh tro, x si, kim loi,... ln vo trong du trong qu trnh vn chuyn, bo qun v vn hnh. y l mt ch tiu rt quan trng nh gi cht lng ca du cch in.

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N nh hng xu n h s in mi, bn in, kh nng tn nhit ca du. Ngoi ra cc tp cht nh kim loi, bi kim loi cn lm cho du mau gi do b xy ha. Theo qui nh i vi du trong cc my bin p khng c c tp cht c hc nhn thy bng mt thng. Ch s axt (mgKOH/g): Ch s axt ca du l s mg KOH cn thit trung ha lng axt c trong 1g du. Ch s axit c xc nh theo tiu chun IEC 60296 hoc phng php t ng ASTM D 664... Ch s axt trong du cng cao chng t lng axt trong du cng ln, lc s n mn kim loi ca du cng nhanh ng thi lm cho vt liu cch in xenlul b xung cp v to ra cc sn phm d lm hng du. Gii hn ca ch s axit trong du my bin p c cho bng di: Tr s axt mgKOH/g < 0,1 0,1 0,2 > 0,2 Cng vic phi thc hin Khng cn x l Yu cu x l C th yu cu thay th hoc tng cng x l du

Axt v kim ho tan trong nc: Cc Axt v kim ho tan trong nc khi c mt trong du s lm du mau gi ng thi chng n mn rt mnh cc chi tit bng kim loi, vt liu xenlul gy nh hng ln n cht lng du v thit b. Do yu cu khng c c mt cc axt v kim ho tan trong nc trong du mi. axit v kim ho tan trong nc c xc nh theo tiu chun OCT 6307-75 n nh xy ha: n nh xy ha c trng cho kh nng ca du chng li tc dng xy ha ca xy trong khng kh trong qu trnh bo qun v vn hnh. Nu du c n nh xy ha khng tt th trong vn hnh s d b xy ha v b bin cht di tc ng ca nhiu nhn t bn ngoi nh khng kh, nc, nhit ,... lm sn sinh ra nhiu axt v cn du nh hng n cht lng thit b v tin cy vn hnh. n nh xy ho c xc nh theo tiu chun IP335-89, OCT 981-75... Cng cch in (KV/2,5mm): xc nh cng cch in ca du ngi ta tin hnh th nghim in p xuyn thng ca du trong cc thit b chuyn dng nh AM 90, FOSTER,... N c xc nh theo nhiu tiu chun khc nhau nh OCT 6581-75, IEC1561995...vi cc dng in cc khc nhau. Thng thng dng in cc hnh nm vi ng knh 36mm, bn knh cu R=25mm, khong cch gia hai in cc 2,50,05mm.

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Cng cch in ca du l mt ch tiu trng yu m bo cho thit b vn hnh an ton. Nc, tp cht c hc v nhiu nhn t khc lm gim cng cch in ca du, do khi th nghim cng cch in ta c th nh gi c s nhim m, nhim bn,... ca du. Hm lng nc (ppm hoc gam/tn): Vic xc nh hm lng nc cho php ta nh gi v mc ch luyn du v cht lng du. Du ch luyn cng tt, cht lng du cng cao th nc ha tan cng t, kh nng kt hp vi nc ca loi du ny km cho nn nc ln vo trong du (nu c) s b tch ra v lng xung y thit b. Hm lng nc c xc nh bng phng php chun t ng Karl Fischer (theo tiu chun IEC 814), ASTM D1533. S c mt ca nc trong du gy nh hng rt ln n cht lng du nh: - Lm gim h s in mi ca du. - Lm m vt liu cch in trong thit b. - Nu hm lng axt trong du tng i cao th di tc dng xc tc ca nc cc kim loi trong thit b s b n mn rt nhanh, lm du mau gi v xut hin nhiu cn du. H s tn tht in mi Tg (%): y l mt ch tiu quan trng, thng qua gi tr ca n ta c th nh gi c s nhim bn, s h hng ca mu du th nghim m bng cc th nghim khc ta khng nh gi c. H s in mi c xc nh bng nhiu tiu chun khc nhau, thng thng dng tiu chun IEC 60247, OCT 6581-75... Du nu c ch luyn tt th c gi tr Tg rt b. Trong qu trnh bo qun v vn hnh, nu trong du xut hin cc sn phm nh nc, cc sn phm ca s xy ha du, cc ht keo tch in, cc sn phm ho tan t vt liu cch in rn... th gi tr Tg ca du tng cao. Gi tr Tg ca du nh hng trc tip n Tg ca giy tm, nh hng n tin cy vn hnh ca thit b in cao th v ngc li vt liu cch in trong ch to my bin p nh hng rt ln n gi tr Tg ca du. Gi tr Tg bin i rt nhanh theo nhit ca du, nhit du tng th gi tr Tg tng v ngc li, do ngi ta thng nh gi gi tr Tg nhit xc nh (900C) v khi xc nh gi tr Tg ca du ngoi vic s dng loi a o tg chuyn dng cn phi s dng thm b n nh nhit . 8.1.2.2 Khi lng th nghim du trong lp mi v trong nh k: Bng 8-1: Cc c tnh ha, l ca du MBA ABB mi cp t nh phn phi c tnh Tp cht c hc Hm lng noc n v mg/dm3 g/t Yu cu ABB Power Oy 5,0 50 IEC 60296 --( 30)
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in p phng Ch s axt Sc cng b mt T trng 200C nht 200C 400C Nhit chp chy Hm lng cht c ch *) Hm lng cht thm H s tn hao 90 C
0

KV/2,5mm mgKOH/g 10-3 N/m g/cm cSt cSt

0

30 0,02 40 0,895 20,0 -- 140 0,3 11 5,0

30 0,02
(

40) -- 11

0,895

130 ---- 5,0

% % CA 0/00

*) Nu du c cht c ch c s dng. -Tuy nhin, du p ng cc yu cu nu trn cha th s dng c trong MBA. u tin du phi c lc v x l chn khng. iu ny ci thin cng cch in v hm lng nc, tp cht trong du c gim thp. Du s dng trong cc MBA ABB Power Oys sau khi x l c cc gi tr tiu biu sau: c tnh Tp cht c hc (> 7m) Hm lng noc in p phng H s tn hao 900C n v N0 /l g/t KV/2,5mm 0/00 Gi tr < 3000 2 > 80 < 2,0

-Trc khi vo MBA, du cn c x l ti trm nu in p phng thp hn 60 KV/ 2,5mm, hm lng nc ln hn 10mg/dm3 hoc mc tp cht (> 7m) cao hn 15000 phn mi lt. Ch : Nu du MBA c vn chuyn bng cc phuy th phi lun lc du trc khi np vo MBA. Bng 8-2: Cc gi tr gii hn i vi MBA lc trong vn hnh. Hng mc th nghim in p phng KV Tg 900C (%) axt (mgKOH/g) - Du khng c cht c ch - Du c cht c ch Sc cng b mt (mN/m) Hm lng nc (ppm) ISO 2049 IEC 814
( )

Tiu chun IEC 156 IEC 247 IEC 296

in p nh mc < 36 > 40 < 30 < 0,7 < 0,05 > 12 < 40 37-170 > 45 < 30 < 0,4 < 0,05 > 15 < 40 170-300 > 50 < 30 < 0,4 < 0,05 > 15 < 20 >300 > 55 < 20 < 0,3 < 0,05 > 15 < 20
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IEC 733 Bng 8-3: Tiu chun du cch in gc khong khng khng xy ho (60296 IEC)
TT 1 C TNH nht ng hc, mm2/s 400C -15 C -30 C -40 C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nhit chp chy, C Nhit ng c, C Hnh thc T trng 200C, Kg/dm3 Ch s axt, mgKOH/g Lu hunh n mn Hm lng nc, g/T Ph gia chng xy ha n nh xy ha: Ch s axt, mgKOH/g Cn, % khi lng in p nh thng, KV Khi giao hng Sau khi x l H s tn tht in mi 900C v 40-60 Hz
0 0 0 0 0

CC TR S GII HN Loi 1 16,5 800 1800 150 140 -30 130 -45 95 -60 Loi 2 11,0 Loi 3 3,5

trong, khng c cn v cc cht l lng 0,895 0,03 Khng n mn Khng t ra tiu chun khi giao hng Khng tm thy 0,40 0,10 30 50 0,005

11

12

Bng 8-4: Tiu chun du cch in gc khong khng xy ho (60296 IEC) CC TR S GII HN Loi 1 16,5 800 1800
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TT 1

C TNH nht ng hc, mm2/s 400C -15 C -300C

0

Loi 2 11,0

Loi 3 3,5

 -400C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Nhit chp chy, 0C Nhit ng c, 0C Hnh thc T trng 20 C, Kg/dm3 Ch s axt, mgKOH/g Lu hunh n mn Hm lng nc, g/T Ph gia chng xy ha n nh xy ha: in p nh thng, KV Khi giao hng Sau khi x l H s tn tht in mi 900C v 40-60 Hz
0

150 140 -30 130 -45 0,895 0,03 Khng n mn Khng t ra tiu chun khi giao hng Loi v hm lng ph gia c qui nh gia nh cung cp v n v s dng n nay cha qui nh cc tr s gii hn 30 50 0,005 95 -60

Trong, khng c cn v cc cht l lng

12

Hin ti i vi cc thit b c hng dn s dng km theo th p dng theo nh ch to, i vi cc thit b khng c hng dn th p dng theo tiu chun vn hnh my bin p do Tng cng ty bin son ( Quy trnh vn hnh v sa cha my bin p do EVN ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 623VN/KTN ngy 23/05/1997). TIU CHUN DU MY BIN P Ph lc 1
TT HNG MC TH NGHIM DU MI TRONG MY DU TRONG VN HNH

in p chc thng KV/2,5mm Di 15 KV 15 n 35 KV Di 110 KV 110 n 220 KV 500 KV 30 35 45 60 70 0,2 2,2 0,02 Khng c Khng c 25 30 40 55 60 1 7 0,25 0,1 Khng c
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Tg gc tn tht in mi (%) 200C 900C

3 4 5

Tr s axt trong du (mgKOH/g) Axt v kim ha tan trong nc mgKOH/g) Tp cht c hc (% khi lng)

6 7 8 9

Nhit chp chy cc kn (0C) Khi lng cn (%) Tr s Axt sau xy ha (mgKOH/g) Ch s Natri nht ng (cSt) 200C 500C

135 0,01 0,1 0,4 28 9 10 1,0 0,5

Gim khng qu 50C so vi ln phn tch trc Khng th Khng th Khng th Khng th Khng th 25 2,0 2,0

10 Hm lng nc (ppm) 11 Hm lng kh ha tan (%) 220 n 330KV 500KV

Ghi ch: -Mc 11 ch tin hnh i vi cc my bin p c bo v bng mng cht do hoc Nit. Trong trng hp c cc thit b kh kh du t ti chn khng trn 759 mmHg trong khoang chn khng th khng cn kim tra hng mc ny. Mc 10 ch kim tra i vi cc my bin p c bo v bng mng cht do. i vi cc my bin p khng c bo v bng mng cht do, cp in p t 100 - 150 KV cng nn kim tra hm lng nc. i vi cc my loi ny hm lng nc cho php khng qu 20ppm. -Mc 2 ch bt buc i vi cc my bin p t 110KV tr ln. -Vic kim tra gin n du cch in ch bao gm cc mc 1, 3, 4, 5 v 6. -i vi du my bin p Ty u khi a vo vn hnh: Tg gc tn tht in mi 900C cho nh sau: -in p 110 KV: Tg 1,5 % -in p > 110 KV: Tg 1 % 8.2 Th nghim in p phng ca mu du: 8.2.1 nh ngha: in p phng ca mt mu du c xc nh bng in p phng in gia hai in cc nhng trong mu du th nghim nh hnh v (thng thng dng in cc dng hnh nm ng knh 36mm, bn knh cong R =25mm t cch nhau 2,50,05 mm)

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Cc th du theo OCT 6581-75 8.2.2 Hng dn ly mu du th nghim: Vic ly mu du c ngha rt ln trong qu trnh th nghim. Kt qu o ph thuc rt ln vo cng tc ly mu du, nht l khi o gi tr in p phng in ca du. im c bn trong vic ly mu l mu du phi i din cho cht lng vn c ca du trong thit b in. Khi ly mu phi ch bnh ly mu phi sch, kh ro v phi ch tnh hnh thit b, thi gian ly mu v kh hu. Bnh ng mu du: Bnh ng du trc khi s dng phi c ra sch, sy kh, ngui v y kn n lc s dng mi m np. Trn bnh phi c nh s, ghi k hiu hoc phi c gn nhn mu du trnh s nhm ln gia cc mu khc nhau. Ngoi ra cc phn lin quan n vic ly mu (cc ng ly mu, van ly du...) phi kh, sch s. Ly mu du: Nhit ca bnh ly mu, nhit mi trng ni ly mu v nhit mu du phi chnh lch nhau t (3 50C). iu ny nhm trnh hin tng nc ngng t nh hng n cht lng du. - Ly mu du cc thit b ngoi tri th phi thc hin trong nhng lc tri kh ro. Khi ly mu phi ch n m mi trng, tt nht nn ly mu khi m tng i ca mi trng < 75%. Nu khng m bo c cc iu kin trn th phi dng cc bin php c bit nh: ly bt che khu vc ly mu, ly bng phng php chn khng, dng bnh kh kh... - Trc khi ly mu phi xem xt mc sch ca bnh ly mu, van ly mu, cn phi x sch bi bn, nc van trc khi cho du vo trng bnh ly mu. - Khi trng bnh ly mu, cn phi cho dng du sch t van ly mu vo bnh v trng u, nh tay trnh to bt kh bn trong bnh ly mu. Cn phi trng bnh t nht l 2 ln trc khi ly mu du th nghim. - Trong qu trnh ly mu khng c lm chn ng du trong thit b hay tc du, dng chy ca du t van ly mu vo bnh cha mu du phi u v phi thc hin sao cho bt kh to ra trong bnh cha mu du cng t cng tt. i vi cc thit b in c th nghim mi, thi gian cn thit du n nh trc khi ly mu th nghim ng in ph thuc vo cng sut, cp in p ca thit b. MBA cp in p (KV) 10KV >10KV
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Thi gian n nh (gi) Trong trng hp khn cp

5-6

12 3

Ch :Trng hp khn cp ch thc hin khi tho mn cc iu kin sau:MBA vn bnh thng, du np vo c x l to chn khng,sau 01 gi kt thc np du c x kh. - Vic dng vi lm sch van ly mu l ht sc cn thn v cc si t nh kh pht hin s d dng i vo mu du v chnh n s l mt nguyn nhn lm cho in p nh thng ca mu du th nghim b gim thp. - Nu dng ng dn du ly du t van ly mu th phi ng dn du ngp hon ton trong du trnh to bt kh.

- Khi ly mu du t bnh vo bt th du, cn phi ht sc cn thn trnh bt kh, nht l cc bt kh nh bm vo b mt cc in cc th th rt kh tch ra v n s lm cho in p nh thng ca mu du th nghim b gim thp. Nu ly mu du trong thng (phuy) th phi dng ng thy tinh sch, kh ng knh 11,5 cm v ly cch y thng khong 10-25 cm. Hoc nn ly mu t np van nh hn ch bt kh trong qu trnh ly mu. Cng tc chun b ban u trc khi th nghim: Trc khi bt u cng vic vi thit b, cn phi ni t tht tt bng 1 dy dn ng mm c tit din khng nh hn 4mm2. NGHIM CM LM VIC KHI THIT B CHA C TIP T ! - Ch c t bt ng mu th vo thit b hoc ly ra khi thit b sau khi kim tra chc chn vic ct ngun ca thit b. - Nghim cm bt in cao th, nu bt th cha c du cn th nghim. - Kim tra in p ngun ca thit b th v cp ngun cho thit b.

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- Kim tra khe h gia cc in cc ca bt th du bng c chun theo tiu chun cn th nghim (thng thng in cc nm v khong cch l 2,5mm). Ch khng c s tay vo cc in cc. Chun b mu th v bt ng mu: + Trc khi th nghim, nu trc bo qun bt th trong du th tin hnh kim tra bt thng qua th in p phng ca mu bo qun. Nu in p phng khong >40V/2,5mm th khng cn sy bt th. Nu in p phng thp th cn phi sy bt trc khi s dng. in th nh thng ca mu cht lng cch in cn th nghim xc nh nhit 150 35 C, khng khc vi bit vi nhit ni t thit b. +Trc khi th l cha mu phi c y kn, trnh tc ng ca nh sng v t ni tin hnh th khng t hn 30 pht. Nhit mu th nghim khng c khc bit vi nhit ni th nghim v phi trong phm vi 15 - 350C. +L cha mu phi c o ngc vi ln cn thn nhng cht bn mu c trn u trong ton b th tch mu. Khi lm iu ny trnh rung lc mnh khng c bt kh i vo mu. Sau dng mt t cht lng ny trng bt, lm sch in cc (thc hin 2 ln), tip theo rt cn thn vo bt o n mc quy nh sao cho dng cht lng chy theo vch ca n v khng to bt kh. Nu c bt kh cn loi tr bng cch khuy cn thn bng a thy tinh. Trnh t tin hnh th nghim: -M np thit b, t bt cha mu th vo v ng np li. yn khong 10 pht. -i vi mt mu th phi tin hnh 6 ln nh thng, theo chu trnh: phng-khuy- yn 05 pht-phng li. khuy dng a thu tinh hoc que khuy bng vt liu khng ho tan trong du v khng to x hoc khuy t t ng. Khi khuy trnh to bt kh trong mu th. -Tin hnh x l kt qu theo mc 8.2.4 nu t yu cu th ly kt qu l gi tr trung bnh ca cc ln phng nh nu. nh gi v phn tch kt qu th nghim: - Gi tr trung bnh ca in th nh thng:
U np =
_

1 n U ni n i =1

V i

Unpi Gi tr cc ln phng lin tip trn mt mu th, KV n S ln nh thng. - Dung sai bnh phng trung bnh cc gi tr in th nh thng c tnh bng cng
_ U Pi U P i =1 n(n 1) n 2

thc:

u =

- Cc gi tr in th nh thng phi tng ng vi cc gi tr chun ca h s bin thin V c tnh nh sau:

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V = u.100/

U np

Nu gi tr ca h s bin thin vt qu 20%, ngha l trng hp phi tin hnh thm 1 ln th na, cng tin hnh 6 ln nh thng sau ly n=12. Nu h s bin thin vn vt qu 20% th cht lng ca in mi coi nh khng t yu cu. Cc nguyn nhn nh hng n kt qu th nghim in p phng ca du cch in: a- Nhit mu du: Du cch in sch th nhit khng nh hng ln n kt qu in p phng ca du. Nhng khi du c cha cc tp cht nht l nc th in p phng Uf ph thuc rt nhiu vo nhit mu. Gii thch: nhit thp (vo khong 500C) nc ln trong du phn nhiu dng l lng d dng phn cc to cu ni di tc dng ca in trng nn in p phng in thp. Khi nhit tng ln kh nng ha tan ca nc vo trong du cng tng ln, lc ny nc dng lin kt nn in p phng cng tng ln; Uf t gi tr cc i. Khi nhit tng cao hn 800C nc b bc hi mnh v si ln to thnh nhiu bt kh trong du. Bt kh d b ion ha v phng in nn in p phng ca du gim thp. ng cong biu din quan h gia in p phng v nhit du nh hnh v trn. Khc phc: trong qu trnh lc du nn ly mu du hai nhit 300C v 800C, nu in p phng ca hai mu ny xp x nhau l vic lc du t yu cu. b- Tp cht c hc: Cc si t nh thng to thnh cu ni gia 2 in cc d dng gy phng in lm cho Uf gim thp. Khc phc: Hn ch dng vi lau in cc v b mt pha trong ca van ly mu nhm trnh cc si t trong vi bm vo, ng thi dng du sch trng bt ly mu nhiu ln. Nn dng giy khng x lau in cc v sau khi lau nn sy kh in cc. c- m mi trng: Khi mi trng bn ngoi m ngha l hi nc trong khng kh nhiu th nc d xm nhp vo trong mu du v lm m cc in cc nn Uf gim thp. Khc phc: khng ly mu khi tri ma gi hoc trc 8 gi sng (trong nhng trng hp ny thng m khng kh l kh cao). Nn ly mu khi m mi trng 70% hoc dng nhng bin php che chn v dng c ly mu c bit trnh hi m xm nhp vo du. Khi khng di chuyn nn bo qun bt v in cc trong du cch in tt. d- Bt kh ha tan trong du: Khi ly mu lc tri m, khng kh m xm nhp vo s c c nc ln khng kh hoc cc loi du trong thit b khi ly ra c ln nhiu bt kh (nh du ca my ct BMT ca Nga) th in p phng s gim thp. Khc phc: khi ly mu v khi rt du vo bt th du phi ch khng cho dng du to thnh bt kh; ly mu theo cc iu kin mc (c) ni trn. i vi loi du c nhiu bt kh nh du My ct BMT th phi c thi gian cho kh lng ht mi thc hin th nghim. e- Khong cch in cc, dng in cc: Cc dng in cc khc nhau vi cng khong cch nh nhau th Uf s khc nhau; khi khong cch gia 2 in cc nh hn th Uf s gim thp
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(trong thc t thng dng loi in cc dng nm vi khong cch tiu chun l 2,5mm). nhng im in cc khng phng, c vt xc, g to nn nhng nh nhn lm cho in trng khng u; kt qu l Uf gim thp. Khc phc: thng xuyn bo qun tt bt th du, s dng ng loi in cc, v sinh b mt in cc v kim tra khong cch gia 2 in cc trc khi th nghim, khng dng cc vt cng c xt vo in cc. f- Ch khuy mu du khi th nghim: Mi khi mu du phng in s to nn cc sn phm phn hy nm gia 2 in cc lm cho cc ln phng in sau cho kt qu khng chnh xc. Khc phc: Gia 2 ln phng nn khuy du (bng a thu tinh hoc t ng) a cc sn phm ph i vo vng du khc to nn s ng nht ca du trong bt th. ng thi cn lun lun rt lng du qui nh trong bt th. g- Tc tng in p: Khi tc tng in p ln qu th du khng thi gian to cu ni gia 2 in cc nn Uf cao; kt qu khng chnh xc. Khc phc: Phi t tc tng in p ng vi phng php th nghim p dng. Thng thng tc tng in p l 2KV/s. h- in p th: Khi in p th l in p pha ly t h thng 3 pha khng i xng c kh nng xut hin cc sng hi bc 3 lm gim Uf ca du. Khc phc: nu c iu kin nn dng in p dy th hoc ly ngun 1 pha li i xng. 8.3 Gii thiu v cc thit b th nghim in p phng ca du: 8.3.1 My th du AM-90: a/ c tnh k thut: - Thit b AM-90 dng xc nh in p phng ca du bin p v nhng cht in mi lng khc. - in p xoay chiu ca ngun nui (V): 220 11. - Tn s ngun (Hz): 50 1. - in p phng (KV): 90. - Th tch bt th du (cm3): 400. - Cng sut tiu th (KVA): 0,5. b/ Hng dn vn hnh: Cc quy nh an ton khi s dng thit b: Trc khi bt u cng vic vi thit b, cn phi ni t tht tt bng 1 dy dn ng mm c tit din khng nh hn 4mm2. NGHIM CM LM VIC KHI THIT B CHA C TIP T ! - Ch c t bt ng mu th vo thit b hoc ly ra khi thit b sau khi kim tra chc chn vic ct ngun ca thit b, ng h KV ang ch v tr 0.
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- Cm lm vic trn thit b khi c n tn hiu sai v cc kha lin ng lm vic khng tt. - Nghim cm ngt s tng in p th trong khong 60-90 KV bng cch tt in ng c vi thi gian ln hn 20 giy, cng nh cun dy s cp ca bin p tng p khng c tnh ton cho vic c dng khng ti chy qua trong mt thi gian lu vi mt in p nh. - Nghim cm bt in cao th, nu cha t vo thit b ro chn cch in v bt th c du cn th nghim. - Khng cho php lm vic trn thit b khi in p ln hn 90KV. Khi t c in p 90KV m thit b khng t ng ngt th phi ngt ngun vo thit b bng nt ngt mch (~). - Khi thay cu ch trong mch b chy, phi m bo cu ch thay th ng chng loi, ng dng nh mc. Tuyt i khng bao gi dng cu ch tm hay lm ngn mnh hp cu ch. Lu rng phi ct ngun cung cp cho thit b trc khi thay cu ch. Chun b th nghim: - Ni t thit b vi dy ni t. - Ni vi mng 220V bng dy ly ngun ca thit b. - Kim tra khe h gia cc in cc ca bt th du, ln ca khe h bng 2,50,05mm. Nu b mt lm vic ca calip chun t do lch qua khe v b mt HE khng lch qua ngha l khong cch khe h ng kch thc. - Chun b mu th v bt ng mu: in th nh thng ca mu cht lng cch in cn th nghim xc nh nhit 15350C, khng khc vi bit vi nhit ni t thit b. Trc khi th l cha mu phi c y kn, trnh tc ng ca nh sng v t ni tin hnh th khng t hn 30 pht. Nhit mu th nghim khng c khc bit vi nhit ni th nghim v phi trong phm vi 15 - 350C. L cha mu phi c o ngc vi ln cn thn nhng cht bn mu c trn u trong ton b th tch mu. Khi lm iu ny trnh rung lc mnh khng c bt kh i vo mu. Sau dng mt t cht lng ny trng bt, lm sch in cc (thc hin 2 ln), tip theo rt cn thn vo bt o n mc quy nh sao cho dng cht lng chy theo vch ca n v khng to bt kh. Nu c bt kh cn loi tr bng cch khuy cn thn bng a thy tinh. Thc hin cc bc th nghim: 1. M np thit b, t bt cha mu th vo v ng np li. yn khong 10 pht. 2. Bt nt mng xoay chiu (~), khi y n xanh phi sng v kim ca ng h o c th cc v tr sau: a) Kim ca ng h o v tr 0, n tn hiu mu vng sng. b) Kim ca ng h o v tr ang chuyn ng v khng (nt 0 ang bt) c) Kim v tr khc khng.

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3. Bt nt (0 ) quay kim v v tr 0 nu khi bt nt (~) ca thit b kim khng nm v tr 0. 4. Khi kim v tr 0, bt nt cp in cao th (), khi n tn hiu s sng v n vng tt. in p t vo 2 in cc s tng dn cho n thi im xy ra hin tng phng gia 2 in cc. Lc y kim ng h s hin th in p nh thng ca mu. Ghi li gi tr ny. 6. Bt nt (0 ) hoc nt 0 cho kim tr li v tr 0 (n vng sng ln), bt nt (~) tt ngun xoay chiu, m np v khuy cn thn phn cht lng gia cc in cc loi b cc sn phm phn hy do s phng to ra. Sau y np v yn t nht l 5 pht trc khi thc hin ln th tip theo. - i vi mt mu th phi tin hnh 6 ln nh thng v tin hnh x l kt qu theo mc 8.2.4. Nu t yu cu th ly kt qu l gi tr trung bnh ca cc ln phng nh nu mc 8.2.4. 8.4 Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng du my bin p trong vn hnh: 8.4.1 S xy ho trong du cch in: -Du cch in sau khi dng lu trong thit b, nhng tnh cht ban u dn dn tr nn xu, hin tng ny gi l du gi. Nguyn nhn cn bn lm du gi l do tc dng ca xy trong khng kh vi du (hin tng du b xy ha). -Du c th hp th v ha tan rt nhiu cht kh, hp th v ha tan nhiu hay t l ty loi kh, p lc v nhit ca kh. Du my bin th nhit 250C c th ha tan 15,92% th tch xy hoc 10,0% th tch khng kh, hoc 8,56% th tch kh nit. V c tnh cht ny nn du b xy ha. -Sau khi du ha tan xy trong khng kh hay tip xc vi xy, du vi xy s kt hp ha hc lm cho hyroccbon trong du b xy ha. Ni chung du c nhng tnh nng chng xy ha khc nhau. Sn phm ca du b xy ha giai on u c th ha tan trong du, mt b phn cc sn phm ny c tnh axt lm tng tnh axt trong du, lm cho du c mu thm hn v lm tng nht ca du. Khi du b xy ha ngy cng nhiu, sn phm do du gi sinh ra cng cng nhiu, khi sn phm xy ha ny nhiu n mt mc nht nh th hnh thnh cht keo v cht hc n trong i b phn hnh thnh cn du v lng xung. -Sn phm oxyt ho ha tan trong du ch yu l axt. Khi hm lng cao xut hin phn ng c tnh axit n mn kim loi. Cn ch rng cc cht c tnh axit ha tan trong du khng nhng ch n hng cht vi cch in m cn lm gim h in mi ca du cch in, tt c u rt nguy him. N lm du c mu thm thm, tng nht ca du. nht ca du nu tng t th khng hi g nhng nu tng qu nhiu th nh hng n tc dng tn nhit. Khc phc: S dng du cch in c b sung cht c ch xy ho, hoc trnh du tip xc nhiu vi khng kh bng cc ti gin n cao su trn bnh du ph kt hp vi lc du ban u tt kh khng kh c xy. Bn cnh thng xuyn theo di cht lng du ca cc my
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bin p thng qua cc php phn tch c quyt nh kp thi nhm m bo vn hnh thit b an ton. Du cch in trong thit b thng b nh hng ca cc nhn t bn ngoi nh nc, nhit , kim loi, cc tp cht c hc, do lau chi thit b khng sch, vv... Cn phi c bit ch rng nhng nhn t l nhng nguyn nhn ch yu lm cho du trong vn hnh chng hng v chng gi, nh hng n vn hnh an ton thit b. 8.4.2 nh hng ca nc: Nguyn nhn c nc trong du my bin p: - Du kh trong khng kh c th hp th nc. - i vi cc my bin p khng c ti cao su ngn cch, khi cht kh m trong b phn hp th ca my bin p gim hiu sut hoc v hiu th s c nc t khng kh ln vo. - Thit b b tr khng tt hay kim tu khng tt, ch ghp thit b khng tt b nc r vo. -Khi phn tch nhng nguyn nhn ch yu lm du gi v gy ra s c trong h thng du ca trm bin in, xng pht in, ta thy u do nc sinh ra. -Trong du c ha tan mt lng t nc, ha tan nhiu hay t ty theo loi du, cht lng du, trnh ch luyn du v nhit du. C ngha l du ch luyn cng tt, cht lng du cng cao, nc ha tan cng t. Nu du gi, ch luyn li khng tt, hoc nhit du cao th lng nc ha tan cng nhiu. Ni chung nc trong du ngoi lng nc ha tan ra cn c phn nc trng thi keo l lng trong du. Du c cht lng tt s khng kt hp vi nc, nc lng xung y thng du v c th tch nc ra rt nhanh. Nu du gi nhiu th nc v cc cht phn gii ca du khi tip xc vi nhau s rt d kt hp vi nhau, loi nc ny kh tch ra nn tng i nguy him. -Nc lm gim in p phng in ca du rt nhiu. V d du c hm lng m 10ppm c in p phng n 90KV/2,5mm s gim ch cn 30KV/2,5mm khi du nhim m vi lng ch c 40ppm (40gam/tn) -Nc khi ln vo du my bin th s lng xung di v t trng ca nc ln hn, khi lng xung nc gp cc vt tr ngi nh dy dn, cun dy v.v... Nc hoc b vt liu cch in trong my bin th hp th hoc b nhit cao bin thnh hi l lng trong du, nh vy gia hai cc trong my bin th, nc xp di theo chiu ca in trng thnh hnh cu ni phng in gy phng in xuyn thng. Khi trong du cch in ng thi c c nc v tp cht l vt rn (nh cc th si) th h s in mi b ph hoi rt nhiu, l do ch yu l do tc dng ca sut dn in v in trng cc th si tp trung gn cc in cc, cc th si ny sau khi ht nc c th lm thnh cu ni gia cc in cc, do ph hoi cch in. -Khi trong du c nc, s tip xc gia du v st s tng lm du mau gi, th d khi du li st my bin p c nc, cn du s tng ln rt nhanh so vi khi trong du khng c nc. Nu trong du c axt thp phn t li c nc, kim loi cng mau b n mn.
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 Khc phc: Chn kiu my bin p c mng cao su trong thng gin n. Thng xuyn
kim tra nh k du trong vn hnh, xem trong du c nc hay khng l iu rt quan trng. Khi pht hin trong du c nc phi kp thi dng phng php lc, phn ly loi nc i. Thng xuyn kim tra s hot ng ca cc b th silicagen, kn ca my bin p...i vi my bin p mi cn kim tra in p nh thng tt trc khi a vo vn hnh. 8.4.3 nh hng ca nhit : -Nhit tng lm du mau gi. Nhit du trong vn hnh tng ch yu l do thit b vn hnh khng bnh thng hoc do du gi. Khi nhit tng, du hp th nhiu khng kh, tc dng xy ha do cng tng thm v du cng gi nhanh. Khc phc: Thng xuyn theo di nhit du ca my bin p, kim tra cc mi ni dn in, s lm vic bnh thng ca cc h thng lm mt. 8.4.4 nh hng ca khng kh: Tr trng hp dng bin php c bit, trong vn hnh, du kh m trnh c tip xc vi khng kh. xy trong khng kh xy ha du. Tng b mt tip xc ca du vi khng kh th c th tng tc xy ha du ngha l lm du mau gi. Bt kh lm gim cht lng vn hnh ca my bin p (to ra cc phng in cc b..). Khc phc: gim bt v ngn nga s tip xc ca xy trong khng kh vi my bin th, mt s nc dng khng kh kh xy cho vo my bin p hoc dng phng php cho kh nit vo y khng gian pha trn ca du trong my bin p. Hoc dng loi my bin p c ti cao su nhm cch ly tip xc du my bin p vi khng kh. 8.4.5 nh hng ca vic b sung du: Vic b sung du khng ng qui trnh lm cho cht lng du trong my bin p gim i (du b sung km phm cht, trong qu trnh b sung lm cho khng kh v hi m hp th vo trong my bin p..). Hin nay cc loi du ca cc hng khc nhau c th pha trn c v vy ch cn li vn kim tra du trc khi pha trn v b sung ng qui trnh. Khc phc: B sung du cht lng tt, thc hin ng qui trnh b sung du. 8.4.6 nh hng ca vt liu cch in rn: Vt liu cch in rn c loi khng nh hng g i vi du, c loi nh hng vi mc khc nhau i vi du. Kt qu thc nghim chng minh rng nh hng rt ln i vi du l cht cch in loi sn, ri n vt liu xenlulo, cho nn phi ch chn vt liu cch in. Khc phc: Cm khng c dng cc sn phm c nh hng n cht lng du nh cc loi sn xyt v c nh sn trng (oxit ch), sn nh...dng lm vt liu trong ch to v sa cha my bin p.

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8.4.7 nh hng ca ch vn hnh my bin p: Cc trng hp khng bnh thng nh khi thit b vn hnh qu ti, qu nhit cc b, ngn mch cun dy v.v..C th lm gim im chp chy ca du, tng axt, tch ra cc sn phm lm cht lng du gim i nhiu. Cho nn khi thit b pht sinh s c, phi th nghim cht lng du. Khc phc: Thc hin ng qui trnh vn hnh my bin p, trnh vn hnh qu ti.

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CNG TC NP KH SF6:

9.1 c im tnh cht ca kh SF6: a-Kh SF6 l kh tr, khng mu, khng mi, khng chy, khng c hi v bn ha hc. Khi lng ring 146 (nng gp 5 ln khng kh). p lc kh quyn cng in mi gp 2,6 ln khng kh cng p lc. b-Cc hp cht ca kh SF6 c tc kh ion rt cao, c kh nng khi phc cng cch in nhanh v chu c tc tng in p cao. Kh nng cch in v dp h quang ca thit b ng ct dng kh SF6 ln hn khng kh rt nhiu. Cng cch in ca thit b dng kh SF6 ch ph thuc vo mt kh (khi lng trong mt n v th tch cho). Ngi ta kim tra mt kh SF6 thng qua o p lc. p lc (c trn ng h) ph thuc vo nhit mi trng v cao mt nc bin. c-Mt kh nh mc c o thng qua p lc xc nh p sut kh quyn 1atm v nhit mi trng 20oC ng vi t trng nh mc. p sut nh mc c hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng v p sut kh quyn ti thi im o. d-Bnh thng kh SF6 c tnh cht ho hc n nh, di tc dng h quang n s phn ly thnh cc sn phm kh khc nhau v sn phm rn bm vo cc chi tit trong bung dp h quang. Cc sn phm rn tch t thnh bi trng v kh nng ht m rt ln, chng s n mn cc chi tit kim loi nu m ca khng kh mi trng lt vo. Cc sn phm phn hy ca my ct vn hnh l cc cht rt c. Trong my ct, di tc dng ca h quang nu trong kh SF6 c ln khng kh, m th c th sinh ra nhiu sn phm khc nhau nh N2, CF4, SO2F2, SOF2, COS, SO2, O2, CO2, SOF4, CCl2F2, WF6... e-p lc hi bo ho ca kh SF6 nhit 20oC l khong 23 Bar. 9.2 Cc i lng p lc thng dng trong tnh ton p lc kh SF6: a-Mt s khi nim: -p lc tuyt i: l p lc so snh vi chn khng. -p lc tng i l p lc so snh vi p lc kh quyn mc nc bin. - p lc kh quyn: ng h tuyt i ch 1 Bar, ng h tng i ch 0Bar b. Mt s n v thng gp: 1MPa = 10 Bar 1 Bar = 100kPa 1kPa = 1000Pa 1Bar = 14,5Psi 1atm = 760 mmHg 1atm = 1,013Bar

1Bar = 1,02 Kg/cm2

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9.3 Cc lu v an ton trong qu trnh s dng v np kh SF6: 9.3.1 An ton khi lm vic vi kh SF6: V kh SF6 l kh tr c mt gn gp 5 ln khng kh nn ngi lm vic trong mi trng c kh SF6 c th b ngt nu t l O2 gim thp hn 17% (t l O2 trong khng kh bnh thng l 21%). Trong phng cha kh SF6, cm khng c n, ung, ht cng nh lu gi thc n. iu ny c bit c p dng cho cng vic bo dng, khi m cc pha c tho ra. Sn phm phn hu ca kh SF6 l cc c t khc nhau, n gy kh chu cho cc c quan trong c th (mi, hng), ng h hp v cc phn bn ngoi khng c bo v khc. Hu nh ngay lp tc trc khi s xy ra nhim c nguy him, mt lng nh ca sn phm phn hu c th nhn ra c bi mi cay kh chu. V vy cn thn trng khi tip xc vi cc sn phm ny. 9.3.2 An ton khi np kh SF6: a- Cng vic np kh l cng vic thc hin vi p lc cao, v vy phi tun th nghim ngt cc ch an ton. Phi hiu r cc tnh nng ca cc van iu chnh trc khi thc hin cng vic. Ch nhng ngi c giao nhim v mi thc hin cng vic ny. b-V tr t bnh kh SF6 phi cch my ct t nht l 40m i vi b np c ng ng np di. i vi b np c ng ng ngn th ta phi bao bc cc ct s bng li chuyn dng hoc mi che chn an ton. Tuy nhin m bo cht lng kh np ta nn dng ng np ngn v ng ng di s rt kh lm sch hi m trong ng. c-V tr ngi np phi ng u hng gi trnh ht phi kh SF6 trong qu trnh thc hin cng vic. d-Tt c mi ngi c mt ti hin trng phi ng cch my ct vi mt khong cch an ton ti thiu l 40m, hoc di mi che chn an ton. e-Khng c thao tc my ct khi cha np kh. An ton trong bo qun kh SF6: a-Kh SF6 c cha trong cc bnh st crm - mlipen trng bc trn in cc c tnh k thut. b-Bnh kh SF6 l bnh kh p lc kh nn, do vy nu cc bnh s dng kh hu nhit i hoc cao hn mc nc bin th khng c phi chng di nh nng mt tri. 9.4 Khi lng kim tra SF6 i vi cc my ct trong lp mi v nh k: 9.4.1 Khi lng kim tra SF6 i vi cc my ct trong lp mi: 1. Kim tra p lc kh bo dng: -p lc kh bo dng l p lc trong cc pha ca my ct c np trong qu trnh vn chuyn bo qun. p lc ny nhm mc ch: + Gim st cc khuyt tt nt v ca my ct (trong ch to v vn chuyn).
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+Trnh hin tng nhim m do thay i nhit mi trng (khi thay i nhit nu khng c p lc kh bo dng s c th xy ra hin tng p sut m trong thn my ct v khng kh m bn ngoi th xm nhp vo my ct). Thng thng p lc ny c np nh ch to v nm trong khong 0,2-0,5Bar. Cng vic kim tra p lc kh bo dng rt quan trng v cn thit i vi cc my ct mi. Khi mt p lc kh bo dng th khng c np kh vo my ct khi cha c cc php kim tra khc chng minh l khng nhim m vo my ct. 2. Kim tra tip im p lc (nu c) trong qu trnh np kh. Tip im p lc dng bo v my ct trong qu trnh vn hnh. Thng thng nu c tip im ny th lun c 02 cp bo v: cp 1 bo tn hiu thiu p lc (s cn thit cn thit b sung kh) v tip im cp 2 mc p lc thp hn s kho thao tc my ct (ngn nga nguy him khi thao tc p lc kh thp). Cng vic kim tra tip im thc hin khi np kh vo my ct. Tip im kho thao tc s tc ng trc v tip im bo tn hiu tc ng sau v ta ang np kh p lc t thp n cao. 3. Kim tra p lc kh SF6. Sau khi np kh v trong vn hnh p lc kh SF6 trong cc pha lun c kim tra nh k. i vi cc my ct c lp ng h gim st p lc th trong th nghim, kim tra nh k phi kim tra p lc trn ng h. Ti thiu 03 nm mt ln phi kim tra p lc trong cc pha my ct. Thng thng c 03 kiu ng h c lp trn cc my ct: -Kiu chia vch, khng b nhit : i vi loi ng h ny p lc s thay i theo nhit mi trng, trn ng h khng c k hiu ch b p lc (dng ch at 200C). Khi c p lc trn ng h ny chng ta phi hiu chnh v p lc nh mc thng qua cc bng hoc th hiu chnh (xem phn Tnh ton p lc np mc10.4). Cc kiu ng h ny hin lp trn cc pha my ct 35KV GL107, my ct ABB... -Kiu chia vch, c b nhit : i vi loi ng h ny p lc s khng thay i theo nhit mi trng, trn thng thng trn ng h c k hiu b nhit (dng ch at 200C). Khi c p lc khng cn hiu chnh, p lc chnh l p lc nh mc 200C. Cc kiu ng ny hin lp trn cc my ct 500KV, cc my ct SIEMEN... Tuy nhin do kh nng b ph thuc cht lng v chnh xc ca ng h m c th c nhng thay i theo nhith mc cho php. -Kiu phn chia vng: Thng thng c 03 vng t p lc thp n cao: , xanh, vng (vng xanh: p lc lm vic bnh thng, vng vng: p lc bo tn hiu, vng : p lc thp, kho thao tc my ct, cn a ra x l). 4. Kim tra r kh SF6. kim tra r kh dng cc thit b chuyn dng hoc dung dch x phng long. Cho php r kh ca my ct khng qu 1%/nm. 5. Kim tra hm lng m kh SF6 (khi c yu cu ca nh ch to).
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Hm lng m kh SF6 l nng th tch nc dng hi trong kh SF6. n v o hm lng m l ppm (phn triu th tch). Trong qu trnh ng ct, h quang in s phn hu kh SF6 thnh cc sn phm rn c hi v n mn thit b khi c nc. Hm lng m rt quan trng trong my ct SF6, n nh hng n cch in ca my ct v trnh cc hin tung n mn bn trong my ct do cc sn phm h quang in sinh ra. Hng mc ny s nh gi cht lng ca cng vic np kh my ct cng nh cht lng ca kh np. Mt s my ct cp in p 35KV cng yu cu th nghim hng mc ny, v tt c cc my ct 110KV tr ln u yu cu th nghim trong lp mi v nh k (gii hn cho php xem bng di). 9.4.2 Khi lng kim tra SF6 i vi cc my ct trong nh k: 1. Kim tra p lc kh SF6. 2. Kim tra r kh SF6. (thng thng cho php 1%/nm) 3. Kim tra hm lng m kh SF6 (khi c yu cu ca nh ch to).

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10 TH NGHIM CHNG ST VAN 10.1 Gii thiu cc loi chng st van c bn c lp v s dng trn li in v cc thng s k thut lin quan: 10.1.1 Gii thiu cc loi chng st van c bn c lp v s dng trn li in: Chng st van l thit b dng hn ch cc loi qu in p xy ra trong li in nhm bo v cho cch in chnh ca cc thit b in. Cc loi qu in p y ch xut hin tm thi do nhiu nguyn nhn gy ra c th qu in p do st nh, do cc s c chm t, do thao tc chuyn i phng thc vn hnh trong ni b li in. Nhim v ca chng st l gim tr s qu in p t trn cch in ca thit b v khi ht qu in p phi nhanh chng dp tt h quang ca dng in xoay chiu, phc hi trng thi lm vic bnh thng. Theo trnh pht trin cng ngh n nay trn li in c 4 loi chng st van chnh: 1. Chng st van SiC c khe h. 2. Chng st van SiC c khe h km in tr. 3. Chng st van ZnO khng khe h. 4. Chng st van ZnO c khe h. Cu to v nguyn tc lm vic ca chng st SiC v ZnO c khc nhau: a. Chng st SiC: Chng st van SiC c khe h dng t hp khe h phng in xc nh in p phng v mc ni tip vi cc phn t van dp tt dng in. C khe h v phn t van c bao bc kn trong v s. Khe h cho php chng st gii tr dng in tn s cng nghip theo sau phn t SiC khi b t nng v h hng. Trong qu trnh vn hnh khe h chu ton b in p vn hnh pha t, chc nng ca khe h l khng xy ra phng in in p vn hnh bnh thng, phng in ng in p thit k dn dng in i qua phn t SiC v phc hi tr li trng thi bnh thng. Phn t van l in tr phi tuyn c ch to t bt cacbrun (SiC), mt ngoi ht cacbrun c mng mng SiO2 dy khong 10-5cm, in tr sut bn thn ca ht cacbrun b khong 10-2.m v n nh nhng in tr ca mng mng ph thuc vo cng in trng. Khi cng in trng b in tr sut ca mng mng khong 104 106 .m nhng khi in trng tng cao n s gim rt nhanh v in tr tng gim ti mc in tr ca ht cacbrun.

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 in p phc hi ca chng st phn b u trn cc khe h, sau ny ngi ta mc thm in tr song song vi khe h cho s phn b in p xoay chiu trn cc khe h c u n do yu t bn ngoi v bc nh mi trng, m tc ng n v bc chng st c th lm in p phng in khng ng nh tr s thit k.T y hnh thnh loi chng st van mi l loi chng st van SiC c khe h km in tr nh nu trn.

b. Chng st ZnO: Chng st van ZnO khng khe h dng phn t van l oxit kim loi c tnh cht phi tuyn cao tn dng in st, cc phn t ny c bao bc trong v bc kn. Phn t van ny c ch to t nhiu kim loi ch yu l oxit km(khong 90%) v mt lng nh cc cc oxit kim loi khc gi l ph gia nh: cobalt, oxit mng gang, bismuth,.... c tnh ca n ph thuc rt nhiu vo cng ngh ch to. c im ca phn t van ny l tnh phi tuyn cc mnh nn in p lm vic dng r c tr s rt b cho php ni thng vo li in khng cn khe h. Khi qu in p kt thc khng c dng in tn s cng nghip i theo sau v c kh nng hp th nng lng ln sau khi tn dng in st khng lm suy gim phm cht ca chng.

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 tng kh nng chu ng qu p tm thi hn so vi chng st ZnO khng khe h ngi ta phi hp cng ngh ca chng st SiC v chng st ZnO khng khe h ch to ra loi chng st mi l chng st ZnO c khe h. i vi chng st loi ny th s phn t ZnO gim i v thay th vo l cc t hp khe h km in tr.

10.1.2 Cc thng s k thut lin quan: C rt nhiu thng s k thut lin quan n chng st van, nhng thng gp nht l cc thng s k thut sau: in p nh mc(Ur): in p nh mc ca chng st l gi tr hiu dng ca in p tn s cng nghip cho php ln nht chng st van lm vic ng khi c qu p tm thi. in p vn hnh lin tc(Uc): in p vn hnh lin tc l gi tr hiu dng ca in p tn s cng nghip ln nht c thit k m in p ny c th s dng lin tc gia hai cc ca chng st. Dng in x nh mc(In): Dng in x nh mc l tr s nh ca dng in xung dng phn loi chng st. in p tham kho(Uref): in p tham kho l gi tr nh ca in p tn s cng nghip chia cho dng o dng in tham kho. Dng in tham kho(Iref):
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2 c s

Dng in tham kho l gi tr nh ca thnh phn in tr dng in tn s cng nghip c s dng xc nh in p tham kho ca chng st. Dng in tham kho c qui nh bi chnh nh ch to chng st. Qu in p tm thi(TOV): L in p xut hin trn pha khng s c khi xy ra chm t 1 pha trong li in. 10.2 Hng dn tnh ton, la chn chng st van: Khi thit k li in mun chn chng st van cn phi bit r cc thng s k thut lin quan ca chng st (in p nh mc, in p vn hnh lin tc, c tuyn in p cho bi nh ch to,...) ng thi phi hiu r ch lm vic ca li in m chng st van lp t trn bao gm ch ni t ca im trung tnh, in p li nh mc, cc ch vn hnh ca li in (ch cc tiu, cc i, s c) nhng quan trng nht y l ch cc i v ch s c v hai ch ny nh hng trc tip n vic tnh chn chng st van. la chn chng st van ni chung phi quan tm cc yu t sau: 1. in p nh mc ca li in: lm c s tnh chn in p cho chng st van cn phi bit cp in p ca li in. Ch ni t ca im trung tnh ca li in cn thit k: Cn phn bit r ch ni t ca im trung tnh xc nh c h s s c chm t ke. Theo tnh ton v l thuyt th: li in c trung tnh trc tip ni t, h s ke =(11,4). li in c trung tnh cch in hay ni t qua cun khng, h s ke = 1,73. 2. Ch vn hnh ca li in. chn chng st lm vic n nh mi ch vn hnh ca li in m khng nh hng n iu kin lm vic bnh thng ca n, cn phi xt n trng hp l li in c th xy ra s c chm t khi ang vn hnh ch in p cc i. Vi yu cu khng cao th vic la chn chng st van da v cc thng s h thng p dng cho chng st(SiC) v (ZnO) nh sau: i vi cc chng st van SiC: y l cc chng st van cng ngh c th cn quan tm n in p nh mc, khng c khi nim v in p vn hnh lin tc. Do vy khi chn cc chng st van loi ny s dng thng s in p nh mc. Khi chn chng st th phi tha mn iu kin sau:

U mCSV k . e

U max 3

Trong : Umax l in p dy ch vn hnh cc i ca h thng.Umax=(1,051,1) Umli. UmCSV l in p nh mc ca chng st van.

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+ li trung tnh trc tip ni t: H s ke c chn l 1,4 l ng vi ch vn hnh c kh nng gy ra qu in p tm thi l ln nht. Nu trong h thng in c thit k nhng c mt vi im trung tnh ca my bin p khng ni t th ke c xu hng tin dn n tr s ke 1,4. Nu trong h thng in c thit k m trung tnh ca tt c cc my bin p u ni t th ke = 1,05. li trung tnh cch in: i vi cc chng st van ZnO: y l cc chng st van cng ngh mi, c im ca chng l trng thi vn hnh cc phn t van oxit kim loi chu in p t trn n do vy khi chn phi s dng cc thng s chnh sau tnh chn:

U mCSV 1,4.

U max = 0,808U max 3

U mCSV 1,73.

U max = U max 3

H s qu in p tm thi. in p nh mc. in p vn hnh lin tc. Khi chn chng st cn tin hnh cc bc sau: Bc 1: Xc nh h s qu in p tm thi T. H s ny c quan h vi qu in p tm thi v in p vn hnh lin tc hoc in p nh mc tng ng l TC hoc Tr:
; H s qu in p tm thi l hm s theo thi gian t c cho bi ng c tnh biu din mi quan h T(t). ng c tnh ny khc nhau ty thuc vo nh ch to chng st c th l TC(t) hoc Tr(t). Nh vy bit c T cn phi bit thi gian t. Thi gian ny l thi gian tn ti qu in p tm thi n ph thuc vo ch ni t ca im trung tnh trong li in m chng st c lp t trn . Theo qui nh hin hnh th thi gian loi tr s c chm t li trung tnh ni t trc tip l 10 giy, li trung tnh cch in l 2gi. T y tra c tuyn xc nh T. Ch s dng ng c tuyn ng vi trng thi chng st c np nng lng.
TC = TOV UC

Tr =

TOV Ur

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c tuyn qu in p tm thi T(t) ca chng st van VariGap AZL

c tuyn qu in p tm thi T(t) ca chng st van Varistar AZS Bc 2: Chn in p cho chng st. Trng hp chng st cn chn c c tnh l TC(t) hoc Tr(t) th phi tnh chn in p theo Uc hoc Ur ca chng st tng ng nh sau:
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UC

TOV TC
U max 3

hoc

Ur

TOV Tr

TOV = k e

Trong : Umax l in p dy ch vn hnh cc i ca h thng, Umax=(1,051,1) Umli. UC l in p vn hnh lin tc ca chng st van. Ur l in p nh mc ca chng st van. + li trung tnh trc tip ni t: H s T c tra theo ng c tnh qu in p tm thi thi im t =10s. U TOV = 1,4 max = 0,808U max 3 hoc + li trung tnh cch in: H s T c tra theo ng c tnh qu in p tm thi thi im t =7200s. U TOV = 1,73 max = U max 3 hoc T y da vo bng thng s k thut ca chng st chn ra chng st c in p ph hp. Ghi ch: Khi c y cc thng tin v cc iu kin v lp t, cc iu kin v mi trng, cc iu kin v c hc, cc iu kin vn hnh h thng in,... m chng st c lp t trong th vic chn chng st van s chi tit hn. 10.3 Khi lng th nghim chng st van: thun tin trong vic trnh by ti liu chng ta qui c nh sau: CSV1:Chng st van SiC c khe h. CSV 2:Chng st van SiC c khe h c in tr song song. CSV 3:Chng st van ZnO khng khe h . CSV 4:Chng st van ZnO c khe h . Sau y l cc hng mc cn kim tra cho tng loi chng st: a. o in tr cch in: Phm vi p dng: i vi cc loi CSV1, CSV2, CSV3, CSV4. Thit b th nghim:
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UC

TOV TC

Ur

TOV Tr

UC

TOV TC

Ur

TOV Tr

Dng c thng dng l cc Mgmt in t nh: ISOOL5003, KYORITSU 3121.in p o t 1000V n 2500V DC. Phng php o: Phi v sinh sch s b mt s trc khi o. i vi chng st van in p nh hn 3KV phi dng Mgmt c in p 1000VDC. i vi chng st van in p ln hn 3KV phi dng Mgmt c in p 2500VDC. i vi chng st van nhiu phn t trong 1pha phi o tng phn t ring bit. nh gi kt qu o: S liu o phi so snh vi tiu chun cho php ca nh ch to, tiu chun ngnh, tiu chun b cng nghip nng. b. o dng in r: Phm vi p dng: i vi cc loi CSV1, CSV2. Thit b th nghim: Dng c thng dng l cc hp b th nghim cao th nh my th cao p AID-70,

BIDDLE 50/100 KVAC TEST, BAUR 50 AC / 70DC TEST v cc t in cao th.

Phng php o: Phi v sinh sch s b mt s trc khi o. Ghi nhn nhit lc th nghim. i vi chng st van nhiu phn t trong 1pha phi o tng phn t ring bit. in p th nghim p dng theo hng dn nh ch to chng st tng ng, tiu chun ngnh, tiu chun b cng nghip nng. Nu s dng cc hp b o nh my th cao p AID-70, BIDDLE 50/100 KVAC

TEST, BAUR 50 AC / 70DC TEST th nghim cn phi mc thm t in cao th song

song vi i tng o v phi tr i dng in i qua t in bng cch tin hnh th nghim 2 php o: php o th nht o dng in tng i qua i tng o v t in, php o th hai o dng in i qua t in.Trong c hai php o cng tc chn phi nm v tr tng ng vi ph ti in dung. Nu s dng cc xe cng trnh th nghim cn phi mc thm t in cao th song song vi i tng o ti phn t kran ca s o. S o:

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nh gi kt qu o: Kt qu o dng in dn i vi CSV2 phi qui i v nhit chun l +200C v so snh vi tiu chun cho php ca nh ch to, tiu chun ngnh, tiu chun b cng nghip nng. Cng thc qui i nh sau: I20 = (1,06 0,003.t)It Trong : It: Dng in dn o nhit t. t: Nhit lc th nghim. I20: Dng in dn cho php +200C. Nu t +200C: Ly du tr (-) trong ngoc n. Nu t<+200C: Ly du cng (+) trong ngoc n. c. o in p phng tn s cng nghip: Phm vi p dng: i vi cc loi CSV1, CSV4. Thit b th nghim: Dng c thng dng l cc hp b th nghim cao th nh my th cao p AID-70,

BIDDLE 50/100 KVAC TEST, BAUR 50 AC / 70DC TEST, cc xe cng trnh.

Phng php o: Phi v sinh sch s b mt s trc khi o. S dng cc hp b th nghim cao th v nng in p cho n khi chng st van phng in. Php o c tin hnh nhiu ln v ly tr s trung bnh, khong thi gian tin hnh cc ln o khng nh hn 10 giy. S o:

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nh gi kt qu o: S liu o phi so snh vi tiu chun cho php ca nh ch to, tiu chun ngnh, tiu chun b cng nghip nng. c. o in p tham kho xoay chiu: Phm vi p dng: i vi cc loi CSV3. Thit b th nghim: Dng c thng dng l cc hp b th nghim cao th nh: my th cao p AID-70,

BIDDLE 50/100 KVAC TEST, BAUR 50 AC / 70DC TEST, cc xe cng trnh, thit b o
dng in. Phng php o: Phi v sinh sch s b mt s trc khi o. Ghi nhn nhit lc th nghim. Thit b o lng dng in phi c t ti ui chng st van v chn chng st phi cch in vi t. S dng cc hp b th nghim cao th nng in p v c tr s in p ti thi im dng in xuyn qua chng st t n tr s dng in tham kho Iref th tr s in p chnh l in p tham kho Uref. Tr s dng in tham kho ny c cho bi nh ch to chng st van. Ch rng php o cn tin hnh nhanh, in p t duy tr khng qu 30 giy. i vi chng st van nhiu phn t trong 1pha ty theo kh nng nng cao p ca thit b th nghim cho php o in p tham kho ca tng phn t. in p tham kho ca chng st s bng tng in p tham kho ca cc phn t trong chng st . S o:

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nh gi kt qu o: Kt qu o in p tham khoUref phi qui i v nhit chun l +200C v so snh vi tiu chun cho php ca nh ch to chng st. Cng thc qui i nh sau: Uref(+20) =K x Uref(t) Trong : Uref(+20): in p tham kho 200C. Uref(t): in p tham kho o nhit t. K: H s hiu chnh theo nhit .

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11 T NG CT TRUNG P 11.1 Khi nim chung T ng ct thng c dng ch cc t hp kh c in phn phi dng mun hoc kt cu dng khi. Tuy c cng tn gi nhng cc cp in p khc nhau, cc t ng ct c nhng c th ring v vt l, k thut, c th hin qua cc tiu chun qui nh ca cc hng ch to thit b in. L t hp cc kh c in ng ct v cc kh c in ph tr khc, nm trong t kn, c bc kim loi dng tm (tr trng hp cn thng gi trn nc hoc c ca kim tra). C loi t trong nh v loi t ngoi tri, vi in p nh mc n 35KV. Cu to chnh ca t ng ct l cc mch in lc u vo v u ra, cc kh c in ng ct v cch ly, u ni, cc thit b iu khin bo v, o lng v cc thit b ph tr km theo. V c cc c im c bn sau: Thit b ng ct, cch ly c th d dng tho ri khi t cch ly, th nghim k c trng hp t trng thi vn hnh. Thanh gp u vo v u ni c cch ly. Ton b cc phn ng mang in c bc kn v phn bc kim loi c ni t. C phn lin ng c kh m bo an ton khi thao lp v vn hnh. Li vo ca my ct c khng gian lp t cc thit b ph tr khc. Cc thit b v thanh dn pha th cp c ngn cch vi pha s cp bng cc tm ngn kim loi c ni t. Cc thit b pha s cp nh: thanh dn, my bin in p, my bin dng in...u c bc kn bi cc tm kim loi c ni t. 11.2 Phn loi my ct t hp b Hin nay trong h thng in c lp t kh nhiu loi t hp b c my ct ca cc hng ch to khc nhau. d theo di v qun l chng ta c th phn ra cc loi my ct c bn nh sau. 11.2.1 My ct du My ct gm 3 tr cc lin kt c kh vi nhau vo b truyn ng c c nh trn xe y. Xe y c lin kt c kh v c lin ng an ton vi t: My ct ch c th ko ra hay y vo t c khi v tr ct. Xe y c ngm tip a tip xc vi m tip a ca t. Ti v tr vn hnh v th nghim c cht hm c nh v tr lm vic ca my ct. Cc u dy ca mch iu khin v bo v t t a ti my ct qua cc gic cm. My ct dng du cch in v dp h quang.
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Cc u cc vo v ra ca my ct u c ngm ni my ct vi thanh ci. i vi my ct c dng nh mc ln hn 2500A, tng kh nng mang dng in my ct c 2 cp tip im song song: 1 cp tip im dp h quang nm trong bung dp h quang. 1 cp tip im nm ngoi gi l tip im lm vic. Nguyn l lm vic l: khi ng tip im dp h quang ng trc chu tia la in khi ng, tip im lm vic ng sau. Khi ct tip im lm vic ct trc, tip im dp h quang ct sau chu h quang in khi ct. Thng xuyn theo di du cch in trong qu trnh vn hnh nu thiu hoc en th phi b sung hoc thay th. (v lng du trong my ct l t, nn khi my ct ng ct tng i nhiu hay khi ct ngn mch th du s b en). 11.2.2 My ct kh SF6 Xe y c lin kt c kh v c lin ng an ton vi t: My ct ch c th ko ra hay y vo t c khi v tr ct. Xe y c ngm tip a tip xc vi m tip a ca t. Ti v tr vn hnh v th nghim c cht hm c nh v tr lm vic ca my ct. Cc u dy ca mch iu khin v bo v t t a ti my ct qua cc gic cm. Cc u cc vo v ra ca my ct u c ngm ni my ct vi thanh ci. My ct kh SF6 l loi my ct dng kh cch in v dp h quang. Kh nng cch in v dp h quang ca my ct ph thuc vo mt kh SF6 trong cc tr cc. Mi pha c mt ng h p lc v ch th gi tr p lc kh SF6 trong my bng vch mu trn ng h. Mu xanh : Vng lm vic. Mu vng : Vng bo tn hiu p lc thp. Mu : Vng cm my ct lm vic. Dp h quang theo nguyn l t iu chnh p lc thi. p lc trong bung thi do nhit h quang v chuyn ng tng i ca xi lanh v pit tng to thnh. Kh SF6 khng b mt trong qu trnh dp h quang. Mi bung dp h quang dng cho mt cp tip im, c b lc hp th m v cc sn phm kh SF6 b h quang phn tch. Np bung dp c gn vi a an ton bng vt c th t (gy) p lc do nh ch to qui nh gii phng p lc qu cao trong bung dp. My ct c tip im bo tn hiu v kha my ct khi p lc kh SF6 thp. My ct gm 3 tr cc lin kt c kh vi nhau vo b truyn ng c c nh trn xe y hoc my ct c bnh xe trc trn ray c lp trong t (mun a ra ngoi phi c xe do nh ch to cung cp).

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11.2.3 My ct chn khng My ct gm 3 tr cc lin kt c kh vi nhau vo b truyn ng c c nh trn xe y. Xe y c lin kt c kh v c lin ng an ton vi t: My ct ch c th ko ra hay y vo t c khi v tr ct. Xe y c ngm tip a tip xc vi m tip a ca t. Ti v tr vn hnh v th nghim c cht hm c nh v tr lm vic ca my ct. Cc u dy ca mch iu khin v bo v t t a ti my ct qua cc gic cm. Cc u cc vo v ra ca my ct u c ngm ni my ct vi thanh ci. My ct chn khng c bit thun li s dng trong cc mng li m c tn s ng ct cao trong phm vi dng lm vic no c lng trc. Loi my ct chn khng thch hp cho vic t ng ng lp li, c tin cy cao v tui th lu di. Khng phi bo dng bung chn khng. Tui th bung ct chn khng c xc nh bi gii hn dng tng do nh ch to thit k. My ct chn khng c tip im t trong bung chn khng (p lc bung chn khng khong 10-11bar) to nn hnh trnh tip im ngn v hi phc bn cch in nhanh. H quang b dp tt vi mt trong cc gi tr zer t nhin ca dng in. Thi gian phng h quang l ngn iu ny c li cho tui th tip im (t n mn tip im do in p h quang tng i nh). 11.3 B truyn ng 11.3.1 B truyn ng in t Khi ng dng nng lng in t ca cun ng. Vi cc b truyn ng hin nay dng ng khong 100A in p 220Vdc. Khi ct dng nng lng l xo ct c tch nng khi ng. Lc ny nng lng cung cp cho cun ct l nh v ch cn gii phng ly ct. 11.3.2 B truyn ng l xo Phi tch nng l xo ng trc khi thc hin chu trnh ng my ct. Khi ng dng nng lng l xo, khi nam chm in ng ch cn mt nng lng nh gii phng ly ng gi l xo v tr tch nng. Khi ct dng nng lng l xo ct c tch nng khi ng my ct. Nu cung cp ngun cho my ct th sau khi thc hin chu trnh ng xong my ct t ng tch nng l xo ng. 11.4 An ton khi lm vic vi t hp b Ti sn v thit b h hng c th sa cha, thay th c, nhng tnh mng con ngi l iu thing ling khng th n b c. m bo an ton trong qu trnh th nghim ni
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chung v th nghim my ct t hp b ni ring, trong phn ny s nu ln mt s lu khi th nghim my ct t hp b. Ngoi vic phi tun th cc qui nh an ton trong Quy chun QCVN 01:2008/BCT

quc gia v an tan in BCT-2008 , chng ta cng cn phi lu thm mt s vn .

Mi cng vic th nghim hiu chnh ch c tin hnh khi a my ct ra khi t. (ra khi v tr th nghim) Trc khi a my ct ra khi t phi kim tra chc chn rng my ct v tr ct, cc kha lin ng c kh, cht nh v phi c gii tr. Xe y a my ct ra ngoi phi c t vo ng v tr, cc kha lin ng c kh ca xe phi c thao tc theo ng hng dn v bnh xe phi kha. Khi ng my ct khng c ng gn tip im lm vic. Nghim cm tro ln my ct, ng trn cc cc v thanh dn in. Khi th nghim cao th my ct phi ni t xe y v v my ct. Trc khi a my ct vo t phi kim tra cc chi tit ca my ct khng c cc vt dn in hoc c lng t bm vo cc chi tit nh: s, thanh cch in, bnh tr cch in thanh bung dp h quang, vch ngn gia cc pha... Khi a my ct vo t phi kim tra v m bo my ct v tr ct. Trong qu trnh a my ct vo t cn phi ch kim tra cc ngm tip t ca my ct v ca t phi n khp v tip xc tt vi nhau. Khi my ct vo n v tr th nghim ta cn phi kha cc cht nh v tr trc khi a xe y ra ngoi. My ct v tr th nghim, tin hnh thao tc my ct: ng, ct my ct bng tay 2 - 3 ln. ng, ct my ct bng kha iu khin 2 - 3 ln. Phi m bo chc chn rng dao tip a c ng v kha thao tc, ng thi xc nh cn thn t c ct trc khi m np sau ca t hp b. (khi t ang vn hnh) Lun cn thn khi th nghim dao ct ph ti, trnh chm vo ly tc ng ca cu ch. (nu chm vo s lm dao ct m ra gy nguy him) Ch lp cu ch ng cho dao ct ph ti phi ng theo qui nh ca nh ch to. 11.5 Th nghim thit b ng ct t hp b 11.5.1 My ct du Hng mc th nghim lp mi

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: T hp b c lp ng v ni tip a theo bn v thit k. Cc thn my ct, ch th mc du, thanh truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, ngm tip
a.
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 Kim tra mch nh th: Kim tra hot ng tip im ph ca my ct c lm vic ng nh thit k ca nh ch
to. Kim tra s hot ng ca mch nh th theo ng chc nng thit k nh ch to. Tin hnh o in tr cch in mch nh th pht hin cc h hng cch in ca cp nh th, cun dy ng ct, khi ng t iu khin (s dng Mgm k c in p t 500V n 1000V ty thuc vo quy nh ca nh ch to). Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o.

Kim tra du trong cc pha my ct. (c vch ch th mc du) o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct: kim tra cc cun dy c b chp vng hay khng. Tch nng l xo bng tay: Kim tra cc b phn ca c cu truyn ng tch nng l xo xem c h hng hay c trc trc phn c kh. Thao tc ng, ct my ct bng tay: Kim tra cc chi tit c kh ca b truyn ng my ct, cc ly kha cun dy ng ct cng nh c cu truyn ng bng tay. o thi gian tch nng l xo: Nhm kim tra s hot ng bnh thng ca c cu tch nng l xo. o dng in mt tch nng: Kim tra mt tch nng c b qu ti trong sut qu trnh lm vic. o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct: Kim tra pht hin cc h hng cch in chnh ca thit b. o thi gian ng, ct: Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my. o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct, khng ng thi.(nu cn thit) o tc ng, ct ca my ct.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to. Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc Tip im chnh: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) M van x du kim tra xem du c nc hoc mui than.
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 Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct: Khi my ct m: (A1 + B1 + C1) - (A2 + B2 + C2 + V + Tip a) Khi my ct ng: B - (A + C + V + Tip a). (A + C) - (B + V + Tip a). Hng mc th cao th thit b nhm kim tra ch nng n nht cch in chnh chu ng c m tnh cht cch in khng b ph hoi. Kim tra lin ng in, c kh v thao tc my ct cc v tr th nghim v v tr vn hnh. Hng mc th nghim nh k Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: (hng nm) Cc thn my ct, ch th mc du, thanh truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, ngm tip
a.

Kim tra mch nh th (3 nm): lm nh th nghim lp mi Kim tra du trong cc pha my ct.(vch ch th mc du) (hng nm) o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct. (3 nm) o thi gian tch nng l xo. (hng nm) o dng in mt tch nng. (3 nm) o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct. (hng nm) o thi gian ng, ct: (2 nm) Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct, khng ng thi.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to.(nu cn thit) Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. (2 nm) trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) (hng nm) Tip im chnh. M van x du kim tra xem du c nc hoc mui than. (hng nm) Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. (3 nm) Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct (3 nm): thc hin nh th nghim lp mi
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 Kim tra lin ng in, c kh v thao tc my ct cc v tr th nghim.

11.5.2 My ct kh SF6 11.5.2.1 Hng mc th nghim lp mi

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: T hp b c lp ng v ni tip a theo bn v thit k. Cc thn my ct, ch th p lc kh SF6, thanh truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, ngm tip a. Kim tra mch nh th: Kim tra hot ng tip im ph ca my ct c lm vic ng nh thit k ca nh ch to. Kim tra s hot ng ca mch nh th theo ng chc nng thit k nh ch to. Tin hnh o in tr cch in mch nh th pht hin cc h hng cch in ca cp nh th, cun dy ng ct, khi ng t iu khin (s dng Mgm k c in p t 500V n 1000V ty thuc vo quy nh ca nh ch to). Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Kim tra p lc kh SF6 trong cc pha my ct.(kim ch vng mu xanh) Kim tra r r kh SF6. o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct: kim tra cc cun dy c b chp vng hay khng. Tch nng l xo bng tay: Kim tra cc b phn ca c cu truyn ng tch nng l xo xem c h hng hay c trc trc phn c kh. Thao tc ng, ct my ct bng tay: Kim tra cc chi tit c kh ca b truyn ng my ct, cc ly kha cun dy ng ct cng nh c cu truyn ng bng tay. o thi gian tch nng l xo: Nhm kim tra s hot ng bnh thng ca c cu tch nng l xo. o dng in mt tch nng: Kim tra mt tch nng c b qu ti trong sut qu trnh lm vic. o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct: Kim tra pht hin cc h hng cch in chnh ca thit b. o thi gian ng, ct: Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct.
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Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my.

o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct, khng ng thi.(nu cn thit) o tc ng, ct ca my ct.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to. Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) Tip im chnh. Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct: Khi my ct m: (A1 + B1 + C1) - (A2 + B2 + C2 + V + Tip a) Khi my ct ng: B - (A + C + V + Tip a). (A + C) - (B + V + Tip a). Hng mc th cao th thit b nhm kim tra ch nng n nht cch in chnh chu ng c m tnh cht cch in khng b ph hoi. Kim tra lin ng in, c kh v thao tc my ct cc v tr th nghim v v tr vn hnh.
11.5.2.2 Hng mc th nghim nh k

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: (hng nm) Cc thn my ct, ch th p lc kh SF6, thanh truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, ngm tip a. Kim tra mch nh th (3 nm): thc hin ging nh khi th nghim lp mi Kim tra p lc kh SF6 trong cc pha my ct. (hng nm) Kim tra r r kh SF6. (hng nm) o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct. (3 nm) o thi gian tch nng l xo. (hng nm) o dng in mt tch nng. (3 nm) o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct: (hng nm) Kim tra pht hin cc h hng cch in chnh ca thit b. o thi gian ng, ct: (2 nm) Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh.
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 khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my. o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct, khng ng thi.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to.(nu cn thit) Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) (hng nm) Tip im chnh. Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. (3 nm) Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct (3 nm): thc hin ging nh khi th nghim lp mi. Kim tra lin ng in, c kh v thao tc my ct cc v tr th nghim.
11.5.3 My ct chn khng 11.5.3.1 Hng mc th nghim lp mi

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: T hp b c lp ng v ni tip a theo bn v thit k. Cc thn my ct, thanh truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, ngm tip a. Kim tra mch nh th: Kim tra hot ng tip im ph ca my ct c lm vic ng nh thit k ca nh ch to. Kim tra s hot ng ca mch nh th theo ng chc nng thit k nh ch to. Tin hnh o in tr cch in mch nh th pht hin cc h hng cch in ca cp nh th, cun dy ng ct, khi ng t iu khin (s dng Mgm k c in p t 500V n 1000V ty thuc vo quy nh ca nh ch to). Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct: kim tra cc cun dy c b chp vng hay khng. Tch nng l xo bng tay: Kim tra cc b phn ca c cu truyn ng tch nng l xo xem c h hng hay c trc trc phn c kh. Thao tc ng, ct my ct bng tay: Kim tra cc chi tit c kh ca b truyn ng my ct, cc ly kha cun dy ng ct cng nh c cu truyn ng bng tay. o thi gian tch nng l xo:
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Nhm kim tra s hot ng bnh thng ca c cu tch nng l xo.

o dng in mt tch nng: Kim tra mt tch nng c b qu ti trong sut qu trnh lm vic. o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct: Kim tra pht hin cc h hng cch in chnh ca thit b. o thi gian ng, ct: Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my. o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct, khng ng thi.(nu cn thit) o tc ng, ct ca my ct.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to. Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) Tip im chnh. Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct: Khi my ct m: (A1 + B1 + C1) - (A2 + B2 + C2 + V + Tip a) Khi my ct ng: B - (A + C + V + Tip a). (A + C) - (B + V + Tip a). Kim tra lin ng in, c kh v thao tc my ct cc v tr th nghim v v tr vn
hnh. 11.5.3.2 Hng mc th nghim nh k

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: (hng nm) Cc thn my ct, thanh truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, ngm tip a. Kim tra mch nh th (3 nm): thc hin ging nh khi th nghim lp mi o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct. (3 nm) o thi gian tch nng l xo. (hng nm) o dng in mt tch nng. (3 nm)
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 o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct. (hng nm) o thi gian ng, ct: (2 nm) Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct, khng ng thi.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to.(nu cn thit) Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) (hng nm) Tip im chnh. Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. (3 nm) Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct (3 nm): thc hin ging nh khi th nghim lp mi Kim tra lin ng in, c kh v thao tc my ct cc v tr th nghim. Mt s hnh nh my ct

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Hnh 12-1: My ct chn khng t hp b HD4 - ABB

Hnh 12-2: Cc dng khc nhau ca my ct HD4, vi cc ngm ni vo thanh ci. Cn a my ct vo ra v tr vn hnh, th nghim v tch nng my ct

Hnh 12-3: Cn a my ct vo ra v tr vn hnh, th nghim v tch nng my ctLVB

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Hnh 12-4: C cu lin kt gia 3 pha v thanh truyn ng chnh ca pha my ct

S NGUYN L MY CT 3AH - SIEMENS

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12 BO DNG V TH NGHIM CP 12.1 Cu to cp: Cp ng vai tr rt quan trng trong vic truyn dn nng lng v tn hiu in t. Cc c tnh v in, c l v mi trng l yu t ch yu trong vic la chn v s dng cp trong truyn ti v phn phi in. Cht lng ca cc u ni cp, cng tc u ni cp cn phi xem xt v thc hin thn trng v chng quyt nh n cht lng vn hnh, tui th ca h thng cp. Cp thng gm ba b phn chnh l li, lp cch in v iu chnh in trng v cui cng l lp bo v bn ngoi. Li dn in ca cp thng lm bng vt liu ng hay nhm. Cc li dn in thng c to thnh cc tao dy ng hay nhm bn li. Cch in thng dng l XLPE c c tnh cch in rt tt, chu m v cc tc nhn ho hc. Nhit nng chy thp 900C, nhit chu ng khi ngn mch 2500C. Cc lp mn bn dn bc li dy dn v bc lp cch in c mc ch san u in trng trong cp, trnh c cc phng in cc b trong cp, nng cao tin cy v tui th ca cp. Cp c lp mn thng bng cc bng l ng mng qun quanh lp cch in v lp bn dn to nn lp mn lin tc dc chiu di ca cp. Lp mn ny nhm cc mc ch sau: Ngn nga phng in vng quang. Gii hn trng in mi bn trong cp. Gim in p cm ng. Phn b in p u. Lp v cp bo v c hc c th l v ch, v bc thp, v nhm, hay cc v cht do nh PVC, PE, Neo 12.2 Khi lng v hng mc th nghim th nghim cp lc cao p 12.2.1 Cp cch in bng giy tm du, cp cch in bng nha tng hp PVC, cp cch in bng cao su. Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi. o in tr cch in. Th nghim cch in cp bng chnh lu tng cao. Xc nh tnh nguyn ca li cp v xc nh pha tuyn cp. o in tr mt chiu li cp. Th cao p cch in v bc. Kim tra tnh trng u t ca v cp.

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12.2.2 Cp cch in bng nha tng hp. Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi. o in tr cch in. Th nghim cch in cp bng in p xoay chiu tng cao tn s cng nghip. Xc nh tnh nguyn ca li cp v xc nh pha tuyn cp. o in tr mt chiu li cp. o in dung v tn hao Tg ca cch in cp. Th cao p mt chiu cch in v bc bng nha tng hp. Kim tra tnh trng u t ca v cp. 12.3 Hng dn th nghim cao p mt chiu cp lc. 12.3.1 ngha ca th nghim cao p mt chiu i vi cch in ca cp lc. Thng qua s bin i ca dng in r qua cch in theo thi gian th nghim, c th nh gi c mc suy gim cht lng ca vt liu cch in ca cp. 12.3.2 Cc lu v an tan trong qu trnh th nghim Cc bc thc hin v s lng nhn vin tham gia p ng y qui nh ca qui trnh k thut an tan. Ngi th nghim kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in, cch ly hon ton vi cc ngun in p, v ca cp phi c ni t. Khu vc th nghim phi c ro chn, ngi khng c nhim v khng c vo v lun c ngi trng coi , Nu dng dy cng thay ro chn th trn dy phi treo bin Dng li! C in nguy him cht ngi. Nu cc dy dn in i qua hnh lang, cu thang, sn nh, th phi c ngi ng gc cc v tr cn thit. Trc khi a in vo th, tt c cc nhn vin trong n v cng tc phi rt ra v tr an tan theo s ch dn ca ngi ch huy trc tip. Trc khi ng in ngi ch huy trc tip phi t mnh kim tra mch u ni dy th nghim v cc bin php an tan. Yu cu c hai u on cp phi treo bin Cm ng in! C ngi ang lm vic. Nu u cp bn kia nm trong nh m ni c ngi ang lm vic khc th trong thi gian th nghim phi c ngi ng gc ng thi ro li v treo bin bo Dng li! C in nguy him cht ngi". Khi s dng cc thit b th nghim phi tun th cht ch qui trnh hng dn s dng thit b v Quy chun k thut Quc gia v an ton in. Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca cp c th nghim, sau tch cc u cc ca cp ni vo h thng in.

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12.4 Cng tc chun b A/ Thit b th nghim: La chn thit b th nghim ph hp vi in p th nghim chn.

Mt s thit b thng dng: AID-70, BAUR 50 AC / 70DC, Xe th cp chuyn dng gm cc thit b cn thit phc v cho vic o th cp nh : Megohm-meter 2500 5000 V, my o khong cch im s c (DART 6000), my pht xung chn ng (Impuse Generator), my th cao p DC, my nghe d chn ng , thc ln, my b m v.v.
My o nhit v m mi trng (nhit k - m k) phi c hiu chun t yu cu k thut v cn hiu lc v thi gian hiu chun. B/ i tng th nghim: i vi th nghim mi yu cu Nh cp hng cung cp bin bn th nghim xut xng, cc thng s k thut v tiu lin quan. Trong th nghim nh k yu cu c BBTN ln kim tra trc . i vi th nghim kim tra cht lng cp trc khi lp t i vi cp cn nguyn cun, cn tch cc u cp ra khi v bc bo v, bo m khong cch khng phng in theo b mt v phng in theo khang cch gia cc pha gia hai u si cp. i vi th nghim nghim thu a vo vn hnh (th nghim lp mi) Yu cu cc n v lp t tin hnh, lp t si cp vo v tr vn hnh, lm cc u cp xong, c bin bn nghim thu lp t, mi tin hnh th nghim kim tra. i th nghim nh k: - Tho cp cn th khi cc thit b v li, m bo cp khng c in, lu cc bin php k tht an ton. C/ H s ti liu: - Chun b sn bng ghi chp c cc ni dung ch yu sau: Thng s nhit , m mi trng, nhit ca i tng th, Dng in r ng vi tng cp in p th nghim, thi gian, a im, h v tn nhn vin th nghim. - Tiu chun th nghim - Qui trnh an tan, qui trnh hng dn s dng cc thit b. 12.5 Phng php th nghim Th nghim cp bng in p mt chiu c tin hnh bit mc xung cp cch in ca cp theo thi gian, th nghim nghim thu sau khi lp t, kim tra cc hp u ni v th nghim sa cha c bit. Thng thng cc th nghim bo dng c tin hnh vi in p th nghim bng 60% in p th nghim xut xng. Cc th nghim in p mt chiu trn cp nhm o in tr cch in v th nghim cao p mt chiu.
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Cc th nghim ny c th c thc hin nh th nghim dng in r, th nghim dng r theo thi gian hoc th nghim qu in p. u tin cn th nghim o in tr cch in, nu cch in tt tin hnh th nghim qu in p mt chiu, sau li th nghim o in tr cch in m bo cp khng b h hng trong qu trnh th nghim qu in p mt chiu. 12.5.1 Th nghim o in tr cch in in tr cch in c o bng mgm k xch tay. l phng php o khng ph hng mu kim tra nhim m, bi, cacbon ca cch in cp. Phng php o in tr cch in khng gy ra ng sut in trn cch in cp hoc cc im trn cp c cch in yu. Trnh t o in tr cch in ca cp bng mgm k nh sau: Tho cp cn th khi cc thit b v li, m bo cp khng c in. Phng tt c in tch trong cp xung t trc v sau khi th nghim. Ni u dy mgm k vi li cp cn th. Ni t tt c cc li khc cng vi v u chung vi u ni t ca thit b th nghim. o gi tr in tr cch in ln lt gia cc pha. u mn chn (G) ca mgm k c s dng trnh nh hng ca dng in r b mt qua cch in v u cui cp hoc c hai u cp hoc dng r xung t. Phi tin hnh o in tr cch in trong cc khong thi gian bng nhau v ghi li nhm mc ch so snh. Cn lu rng so snh cc gi tr in tr cch in phi c quy v nhit chun v d 15,6oC (600F). nh gi tnh trng xung cp ca in tr cch in mc d gi tr o cao hn gi tr cc tiu cho php. Cp c in tr cch in thay i rt nhiu, do s dng nhiu loi vt liu cch in, in p nh mc hoc chiu dy cch in, chiu di ca mch o. Hn na mch cp c kch thc ln c in tr ph thuc vo nhit , u cp v dy dn cng nh hng ti gi tr th nghim mc d c lau sch hoc c mn chn. Theo quy chun IEEE 690 - 1984 v 422-1986, gii hn ca in tr cch in nghim thu ti ch theo cng thc: IR = 1000 (kU-10)/L (1-2) L:l chiu di cp tnh bng feet. U: in p nh mc ca cp in, kV. Th nghim cao p mt chiu Trc y th nghim ny c s dng rng ri nghim thu v bo dng cp. Cc nghin cu v h hng cp gn y cho thy th nghim qu in p mt chiu c th gy h hng mt s cp cch in nh polytylen lin kt ngang. Th nghim ny cng cn c s dng xc nh s suy gim cch in cp v cng dng nh thng h hng mi xut hin Ni chung khng nn s dng th nghim ny nh thng ch h hng mi xut hin mc d mt s k s th nghim vn s dng. Do vy trc v sau khi th nghim cao p mt
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chiu c th pht hin trc ch cp bt u h hng. Ch h hng cp c th c pht hin bng s thay i t ngt ca dng in r trc khi cch in b h hng, khi th nghim c th dng li. Gi tr in p th nghim da trn in p th nghim xut xng tu theo loi cp, chiu dy cch in, kch thc li, cu to ca cp v cp in p s dng. Gi tr in p th nghim mt chiu ng vi in p xoay chiu th nghim xut xng c quy nh v thng c biu th theo t s in p mt chiu theo in p xoay chiu i vi mi h thng cch in. T s ny c k hiu bng K khi nhn vi 0,8 in p th nghim nghim thu hoc 0,6 in p bo dng s c in p th nghim mt chiu dng cho th nghim cao p. Bng h s chuyn i i vi th nghim cao p c cho trong bng 13-1. Bng13-1. H s chuyn i dng cho th nghim cao p mt chiu
H s chuyn i Kiu cch in Cp ch cch in giy tm Ph vecni Cao su chu zn Polytylen PVC Cao su khng chu zn 3,0 3,0 2,2 2,2 2,40 2,40 1,76 1,76 1,80 1,80 1,32 1,32 K 2,4 2,0 in p th nghim nghim thu (0,8 x K) 1,92 1,60 in p th nghim bo dng (0,6 x K) 1,44 1,20

3. Th nghim dng in r theo thi gian Khi t ti in p th nghim cui cng c th ct in p t nht 5 pht v c th v th dng in r theo thi gian t gi tr ban u tng i ln n gi tr xc lp. i vi cp tt th dng in r s gim lin tc v t ti gi tr xc lp m khng c gi tr tng no trong qu trnh th nghim. th dng in r theo thi gian cho trn hnh 13-1.

Hnh 13-1. Dng in r theo thi gian 4. Th nghim qu in p

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Trong th nghim ny in p c nng dn ti gi tr quy nh. Tc tng in p c duy tr dng in r t n trng thi xc lp khi in p t ti gi tr th nghim cui cng. Thng thng cn t 1 n 15 pht t ti in p th nghim cui. in p ny c th c duy tr trong 5 pht, nu dng in r khng tng t ngt th th nghim t kt qu tt. Th nghim ny khng cho cc d liu phn tch tnh trng cp nhng cng cung cp thng tin v cng trng nh thng. Kiu th nghim ny thng c thc hin sau khi lp t v sa cha cp, khi ch chng nhn cp c kim tra m khng b nh thng. 12.5.2 Tin hnh th nghim cao th mt chiu tng cao Trnh t thc hin Tin hnh o v ly s liu th nghim Sau khi thc hin y theo mc nu trn. Nhn vin th nghim tin hnh theo cc bc sau: 1. o in tr cch in Sau khi gi tr o in tr cch in t yu cu theo bng 13.4-2, (Yu cu qui i nhit ti thi im o v nhit theo bng tiu chun). Nhn vin th nghim tin hnh bc tip theo. 2. Th nghim cao p mt chiu. Chun b s th nghim cao p mt chiu La chn in p th nghim, ph hp vi dng th nghim v quy nh ca ngnh in i vi tng i tng thit b c th nghim (xem phn tiu chun th nghim). Ghi ch: Khi cha bit chnh xc mc in p th nghim i vi thit b th nn tham kho t vn ca nh ch to.Nu khng c thng tin th chn in p th nghim mt chiu da trn in p nh mc xoay chiu trnh h hng h thng cch in.

Hnh 13-2: S nguyn l th nghim Cao th mt chiu

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Trnh t th nghim nh sau: Cp th phi c ct in, cch ly c hai u v ni t phng ht in tch d trong cp. Ct tt c my ct, cu dao, my bin in p, chng st, cu ch, cu dao ph ti v cc cu ni. Nu khng th ct tt c thit b th in p th nghim khng c vt qu gi tr in p ca thit b ni vi cp. in p th nghim mt chiu c ni gia pha v t mi li cp v cc li khc, v, lp o kim loi c ni vi t hoc dy bo v, mn chn v v kim loi c ni t. m bo thit b th nghim cao p v tr tt v m kho (ON, OFF), a in p iu khin v khng trc khi bt u th nghim. Ni t an ton cho thit b th nghim cao p vi u ni t chc chn, m bo ch ni tt. Khng bao gi c thao tc th nghim cao p mt chiu m khng c ni t chc chn. Cng vy cn ni v cp v u ni t ca thit b th nghim. Ni t cc li khc khng th nghim vi u ni t ca thit b th nghim. Ni mt u ra cao th ti pha ca cp th nghim v m bo ni chc chn. Cp dng ni thit b cao p vi cp th phi ngn v ni trc tip trn sut chiu di ca n khng b chm t v bo m khong cch. By gi thit b c ni vo u 220V. iu quan trng l ngun xoay chiu c th iu chnh c bi v in p ra mt chiu ca thit b th nghim ph thuc vo in p vo xoay chiu. Khong in p th nghim c chn trc khi th. Lc ny c th ng ngun v c th bt u th nghim. To ngn mch nhn to ti u ra cao th ca thit b th kim tra hot ng ca h thng bo v ca thit b th nghim, nu h thng lm vic tt th mi tin hnh cc bc tip theo. Bt chuyn mch chn in p th nghim trn thit b o v v tr in p thch hp. Bt chuyn mch cp ngun th nghim trn thit b o v v tr ON. Tng dn in p th n in p la chn. Tc tng in p 2.5KV/giy.
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Lu : Tc tng in p c th chm hn, c bit i vi cc i tng th c in dung ln v d cc cp c in dung ln trnh h hng thit b th nghim. Ghi nhn gi tr dng in r thi im 60 giy sau khi in p th t n gi tr la chn. Sau khi nng in p th n in p th tiu chun duy tr ng thi gian qui nh, theo di s bin thin dng r. i vi cc si cp cn kim chng li tr s in tr cch in: ghi nhn cc gi tr dng in r cc thi im 15 giy, 60 giy sau khi in p th t n gi tr la chn xc nh in tr cch in v h s hp th. Khi gi tr o khng n nh th tm thi ngng o, u tt cc u cc cp v u t t nht trong 5 pht x hon ton cc in tch d, tm nguyn nhn. Sau khi kt thc th nghim, quay kho chuyn mch ca thit b th nghim v v tr OFF. Cho php cp va c th phng in qua mch phng ca thit b th nghim hoc qua ni t bn ngoi. Khng s vo cp cho n khi phng in ht. Tin hnh kim tra li gi tr in tr cch in theo cc bc thc hin trc Sau khi thc hin xong tt c cc php o trn mt i tng thit b, NTN cn phi v sinh thit b o, dn dp v hon tr s v ng s vn hnh nh nhn ban u trng thi nh khi nhn ban u. 12.5.3 Tiu chun p dng v nh gi kt qu o Th nghim cao th mt chiu Tiu chun p dng: Ty thuc vo cp in p nh mc v vn hnh ta p dng cc tiu chun sau: Theo Tiu chun Nghnh Khi lng v Tiu chun Th nghim nghim thu bn giao cc Thit b in B Cng nghip ban hnh nm 1987 Tiu chun Loi cp 3 Cch in giy Ngnh 1987 Cch in cao su m hiu: ,,, , Nha tng hp TCVN 5935-1995; IEC 5021983 Cch in rn PVC/A, PVC/B, PE, EPR, XLPE 18 6 15 in p th nghm (kV) cp in p lm vic (kV) 6 36 12 10 60 15 20 100 35 175 Tth (pht) 10 5 10

15,6

26,4

36,0

52,8

72

108

05

nh gi kt qu th nghim: Php th cao th mt chiu c coi l t tiu chun

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Khng b phng in chc thng hoc ph hu, phng in thang qua v s nhy vt hoc tng ca dng in r trong qu trnh th nghim. Tr s dng r cc pha trn mt si cp khng vt qu 2 ln. Theo Qui Phm Khi lng v Tiu chun Th nghim Thit b in B Cng nghip ban hnh nm 1965, trong th nghim nh k i vi cp di khng qu 2000-3000m, dng in r lc th in p th nh mc: Cp 10 kV v nh hn yu cu dng r khng qu 500 A Cp 15 kV n 35 kV yu cu dng r khng qu 800 A Gi tr in tr cch in trc v sau khi th nghim khng suy gim.

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13 MY CT CAO P 13.1 Khi nim chung My ct cao p l c cu ng m c kh c kh nng ng, dn lin tc v ct dng in trong iu kin bnh thng v c trong thi gian gii hn khi xy ra iu kin bt thng trong mch, v d nh ngn mch. My ct c s dng ng m ng dy trn khng, cc nhnh cp, my bin p, cun khng in v t in. Chng cng c s dng cho thanh gp v ng vng trong trm nhiu thanh gp. Ngoi ra my ct cng c thit k t bit dng cho cho cc nhim v t bit. Cu trc c bn ca my ct cao p gm nhng b phn chnh sau: c cu tc ng, s cch in, bung ngt, t in, in tr. My ct cao p c ch to theo nguyn l muun. S lng bung ngt tng theo in p v kh nng ct. 13.2 Phn loi my ct cao p Hin nay trong h thng in c lp t kh nhiu loi my ct, vi nhiu hng ch to khc nhau. d theo di v qun l chng ta c th phn ra cc loi my ct c bn nh sau. 13.2.1 My ct du My ct dng du cch in v dp h quang. Mi pha c 1 hay nhiu khong ct (hin nay ti a c 4 khong ct). mi bung dp h quang u c np hoc van an ton. i vi my ct in p cao p v loi t du th cch in c tng cng mi tr cc bng kh Nit vi p lc cao. i vi my ct nhiu du, c s u vo v mi pha nm mi thng du ring r th mi s u vo u c gn km theo my bin dng kiu lng. Pha s cp l thanh dn in ca my ct. Cc u ra nh th ca my bin dng c a ra ngoi. 13.2.2 My ct kh SF6 My ct kh SF6 l loi my ct dng kh cch in v dp h quang. Kh nng cch in v dp h quang ca my ct ph thuc vo mt kh SF6 trong cc tr cc. Mi pha c 1 hay nhiu khong ct (hin nay ti a c 4 khong ct). Cc u np kh SF6 v lp ng h p lc ca my ct u c van mt chiu thun tin cho vic kim tra m khng lm mt kh SF6. Dp h quang theo nguyn l t iu chnh p lc thi. p lc trong bung thi do nhit h quang v chuyn ng tng i ca xi lanh v pit tng to thnh. Kh SF6 khng b mt trong qu trnh dp h quang. Mi bung dp h quang dng cho mt cp tip im, c b lc hp th m v cc sn phm kh SF6 b h quang phn tch. Np bung dp c gn vi a an ton bng vt c th t (gy) p lc do nh ch to qui nh gii phng p lc qu cao trong bung dp.
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My ct c tip im bo tn hiu v kha my ct khi p lc kh SF6 thp. Ty tng loi my ct m 3 pha c 1 b truyn ng chung hay 3 b truyn ng cho tng pha. Vi loi my ct mi pha c 1 b truyn ng ring th c kh nng tc ng tng pha khi c s c thong qua ti 1 pha. 13.2.3 My ct chn khng My ct chn khng c bit thun li s dng trong cc mng li m c tn s ng ct cao trong phm vi dng lm vic no c lng trc. Loi my ct chn khng thch hp cho vic t ng ng lp li, c tin cy cao v tui th lu di. Khng phi bo dng bung chn khng. Tui th bung ct chn khng c xc nh bi gii hn dng tng do nh ch to thit k. My ct chn khng c tip im t trong bung chn khng (p lc bung chn khng khong 10-11bar) to nn hnh trnh tip im ngn v hi phc bn cch in nhanh. H quang b dp tt vi mt trong cc gi tr zer t nhin ca dng in. Thi gian phng h quang l ngn iu ny c li cho tui th tip im (t n mn tip im do in p h quang tng i nh). 13.2.4 My ct khng kh My ct thi khng kh s dng khng kh nn lm mi trng dp tt h quang, cch in. Khi cc tip im ri nhau, khng kh thi qua cc tip im dng l, dp tt h quang v thit lp khe h cch in. Loi my ct khng kh ny c b truyn ng bng kh nn hoc b ttruyn ng in t. Vi truyn ng kh nn th phi c h thng phn phi kh nn n cc pha my ct v cc bnh cha kh nn c th tch ln, ng thi phi c b tip im p lc kh khng ch s hot ng ca my ct khi p lc kh khng . 13.2.5 B truyn ng 13.2.5.1 B truyn ng in t Khi ng dng nng lng in t ca cun ng. Vi cc b truyn ng hin nay dng ng khong 100A in p 220Vdc. Khi ct dng nng lng l xo ct c tch nng khi ng. Lc ny nng lng cung cp cho cun ct l nh v ch cn gii phng ly ct. 13.2.5.2 B truyn ng l xo Phi tch nng l xo ng trc khi thc hin chu trnh ng my ct. Khi ng dng nng lng l xo, khi nam chm in ng ch cn mt nng lng nh gii phng ly ng gi l xo v tr tch nng. Khi ct dng nng lng l xo ct c tch nng khi ng my ct.
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Nu cung cp ngun cho my ct th sau khi thc hin chu trnh ng xong my ct t ng tch nng l xo ng. 13.2.5.3 B truyn ng kh nn S dng nng lng kh nn thao tc ng, ct my ct. C mt my nn kh v h thng ng ng phn phi kh n cc tr cc ca cc pha. H thng kh nn cn c mt van an ton vi gi tr tc ng c th chnh c, mt van x hi nc t ng khi my nn dng v cc im x nc ng trong h thng ng ng. Mt b tip im kh nn dng cho cc mch khi ng, dng mt, cng nh kha mch ng, ct... Ngoi ra cn c loi my ct s dng kh SF6 trong bung dp h quang thc hin thao tc my ct. 13.2.5.4 B truyn ng du thy lc S dng nng lng du thy lc p lc cao thao tc ng, ct my ct. C mt my nn kh v h thng ng ng dn du n cc tr cc ca cc pha. H thng du thy lc cn c mt van an ton vi gi tr tc ng c th chnh c. Mt b tip im p lc dng cho cc mch khi ng, dng mt, cng nh kha mch ng, ct... 13.3 Th nghim thit b ng ct 13.3.1 My ct du 13.3.1.1 Hng mc th nghim lp mi

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: My ct c lp ng theo bn v thit k. Cc ct s hoc s u vo, thn my ct, ch th mc du, b truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, bch ni tip a. Kim tra u ni cp nh th: Kim tra cp ni b tng pha, cp t cc pha n t iu khin v cp ni b t iu khin phi c u ng theo bn v thit k ca nh ch to. Tin hnh o in tr cch in mch nh th pht hin cc h hng cch in ca cp nh th, cun dy ng ct, rle v khi ng t iu khin (s dng Mgm k c in p t 500V n 1000V ty thuc vo quy nh ca nh ch to). Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct: kim tra cc cun dy c b chp vng hay khng. o in tr mt chiu cc in tr sy.
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 Tch nng l xo bng tay: Kim tra cc b phn ca c cu truyn ng tch nng l xo xem c h hng hay c trc trc phn c kh. Thao tc ng, ct my ct bng tay: Kim tra cc chi tit c kh ca b truyn ng my ct, cc ly kha cun dy ng ct cng nh c cu truyn ng bng tay. Lu : Phi tho cc kha b truyn ng do nh ch to kha trong qu trnh vn chuyn Kim tra mch nh th: Kim tra hot ng tip im ph ca my ct c lm vic ng nh thit k ca nh ch
to. Kim tra s hot ng ca mch nh th theo ng chc nng thit k nh ch to. Kim tra s hot ng ca cc rle trung gian, khi ng t t iu khin.

o thi gian tch nng l xo: Nhm kim tra s lm vic bnh thng ca c cu tch nng l xo. o dng in mt tch nng: Kim tra mt tch nng c b qu ti trong sut qu trnh lm vic. o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct: Kim tra pht hin cc h hng cch in chnh ca thit b. S dng Mgm k c in p t 1000V n 5000V ty thuc vo quy nh ca nh ch
to.

o Tang s u vo my ct.(nu c) o Tang t chia p.(nu c)

Hng mc o Tg ny rt hu ch pht hin ra du hiu h hng cch in. So snh tr s gc tn hao in mi sau mi nm cho ta thy tnh trng gi ha dn dn ca cch in. Cn phi lu rng tr s Tg ph thuc nhiu vo nhit v m v th ta cn phi tin hnh trong cng iu kin, hoc c bng quy i ca nh ch to.

o in dung t chia p.(nu c) Kim tra p lc lm vic ca van an ton bung dp h quang.(nu c) Nhm m bo khi c s c tng p lc t ngt trong bung dp h quang th van an ton phi lm vic trnh gy ra cc h hng cho my ct v cc thit b gn y. Kim tra gi tr tc ng ca van an ton. Kim tra gi tr tr v ca van an ton. Gi tr ny c kim tra khi tin hnh np kh Nit vo my ct. Kim tra p lc kh nit bung dp h quang.(nu c) m bo tnh cht cch in v dp h quang m nh ch to thit k cho my ct. o thi gian ng, ct:
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Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh.

khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my. o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct.(nu cn thit) o tc ng, ct ca my ct.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to. Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) Trn mi ngn dp. Trn mi ch V.(nu c) Trn ton b pha. Th in p phng ca du cch in tt c cc khi cha du ring. Th cao th 1 chiu t chia p. (nu c) Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct: Khi my ct m: (A1 + B1 + C1) - (A2 + B2 + C2 + V + Tip a) Khi my ct ng: B - (A + C + V + Tip a). (A + C) - (B + V + Tip a). Hng mc th cao th thit b nhm kim tra ch nng n nht cch in chnh chu ng c m tnh cht cch in khng b ph hoi.
13.3.1.2 Hng mc th nghim nh k

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: (hng nm) Cc ct s hoc s u vo, thn my ct, ch th mc du, b truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, bch ni tip a. o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct. (3 nm) Kim tra mch nh th: (3 nm) Tip im ph ca my ct. Kim tra s hot ng cc mch nh th theo bn v nh ch to. Kim tra s hot ng ca cc rle, khi ng t t iu khin.
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 o cch in mch nh th. Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. o thi gian tch nng l xo. (hng nm) o dng in mt tch nng. (3 nm) o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct. (hng nm) o Tang s u vo my ct.(nu c) (2 nm) o Tang t chia p.(nu c) (3 nm) o in dung t chia p.(nu c) (3 nm) Kim tra p lc kh nit bung dp h quang.(nu c) o thi gian ng, ct: (hng nm) Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct.(nu o c) Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my. o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to.(nu cn thit) Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. (2 nm) o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) (hng nm) Trn mi ngn dp. Trn mi ch V.(nu c) Trn ton b pha. Th in p phng ca du cch in cc khi cha du ring. (hng nm) Th cao th 1 chiu t chia p. (nu c) (3 nm) Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. (3 nm) Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct (3 nm): thc hin ging nh khi th nghim lp mi
13.3.2 My ct kh SF6 vi b truyn ng l xo 13.3.2.1 Hng mc th nghim lp mi

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: My ct c lp ng theo bn v thit k. Cc ct s, ng h ch th p lc kh SF6, b truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, bch ni tip a. Kim tra p lc kh SF6 cc ct: p lc kh trong ct khi vn chuyn, bo dng t 0,30,5 bar.
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Nhm m bo rng cc ct ca my ct khng b khng kh m xm nhp trong qu trnh vn chuyn hay lu kho.

o in tr cch in my ct trc v sau khi np kh my ct: Kim tra cch in chnh ca my ct trc khi np kh, nu cch in khng t th ta c bin php x l trnh mt mt lng kh SF6 np vo my. Tin hnh np kh SF6 vo my ct n p lc nh mc. Phi hiu chnh p lc np theo ti liu hng dn nh ch to v nn np ln hn p lc nh mc khong 0,1 bar sau kim tra hm lng m kh SF6. Kim tra tip im kh SF6: Tip im bo tn hiu cp 1. Tip im kha my ct cp 2. m bo an ton cho my ct trong qu trnh lm vic v kh nng cch in v dp h quang ph thuc vo mt kh SF6 trong cc ct. Kim tra u ni cp nh th: Cp ni b tng pha, cp t cc pha n t iu khin. Cp ni b t iu khin. o cch in cp nh th. Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct. o in tr mt chiu cc in tr sy. Tch nng l xo bng tay xem c trc trc khng. Thao tc ng, ct my ct bng tay. Kim tra mch nh th: Tip im ph ca my ct. Kim tra s hot ng cc mch nh th theo bn v nh ch to. Kim tra s hot ng ca cc rle trung gian t iu khin. o thi gian tch nng l xo. o dng in mt tch nng. o hm lng m kh SF6: m bo kh nng cch in v dp h quang ca my ct. Kim tra r r kh SF6. o thi gian ng, ct: Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my.
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 o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct.(nu cn thit) o tc ng, ct ca my ct.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to. Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) Trn mi ngn dp. Trn mi ch V.(nu c) Trn ton b pha. Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip cch in chnh ca my ct: Khi my ct m: (A1 + B1 + C1) - (A2 + B2 + C2 + V + Tip a) Khi my ct ng: B - (A + C + V + Tip a). (A + C) - (B + V + Tip a).
13.3.2.2 Hng mc th nghim nh k

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: (hng nm) Cc ct s, ng h ch th p lc kh SF6, b truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, bch ni tip a. Kim tra tip im kh SF6: (3 nm) Tip im bo tn hiu cp 1. Tip im kha my ct cp 2. o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct. (3 nm) Kim tra mch nh th: (3 nm) Tip im ph ca my ct. Kim tra s hot ng cc mch nh th theo bn v nh ch to. Kim tra s hot ng ca cc rle trung gian t iu khin. o cch in cp nh th. (tch mch in t ra khi mch o) o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct. (hng nm) o thi gian tch nng l xo. (hng nm) o dng in mt tch nng. (3 nm) o hm lng m kh SF6. (3 nm) Kim tra r r kh SF6. (hng nm)
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 o thi gian ng, ct: (hng nm) Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my. o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct.(nu cn thit) o tc ng, ct ca my ct.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to.(nu cn thit) Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. (2 nm) trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) (hng nm) Trn mi ngn dp. Trn mi ch V.(nu c) Trn ton b pha. Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. (3 nm) Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct (3 nm): thc hin ging nh khi th nghim lp mi
13.3.3 My ct chn khng vi b truyn ng l xo 13.3.3.1 Hng mc th nghim lp mi

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: My ct c lp ng theo bn v thit k. Cc ct s, b truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, bch ni tip a. Kim tra u ni cp nh th: Cp ni b tng pha, cp t cc pha n t iu khin. Cp ni b t iu khin. o cch in cp nh th. Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. o in tr cch in chnh ca my ct. Kim tra bung chn khng bng in p cao th: C hai cch kim tra bung chn khng: My ct trng thi m hon ton. Tin hnh th cao th xoay chiu theo qui nh ca nh ch to.
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a tip im ng n gn tip im tnh vi khong cch qui nh ca nh ch to. Tin hnh th cao th vi in p cho bi nh ch to(in p th c th l xoay chiu hoc mt chiu tu theo yu cu ca nh ch to)

o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct. o in tr mt chiu cc in tr sy. Tch nng l xo bng tay xem c trc trc khng. Thao tc ng, ct my ct bng tay. Kim tra mch nh th: Tip im ph ca my ct. Kim tra s hot ng cc mch nh th theo bn v nh ch to. Kim tra s hot ng ca cc rle trung gian t iu khin. o thi gian tch nng l xo. o dng in mt tch nng. o thi gian ng, ct: Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my. o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct.(nu cn thit) o tc ng, ct ca my ct.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to. Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) Tip im chnh. Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct: thc hin ging nh cc loi my ct khc
13.3.3.2 Hng mc th nghim nh k

Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi: (hng nm) Cc ct s, b truyn ng, kt cu c kh i km, tch ni tip a. o in tr cch in my ct. (hng nm) Kim tra bung chn khng bng in p cao th: (hng nm)
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C hai cch kim tra bung chn khng: My ct trng thi m hon ton. Tin hnh th cao th xoay chiu theo qui nh ca nh ch to. a tip im ng n gn tip im tnh vi khong cch qui nh ca nh ch to. Tin hnh th cao th vi in p cho bi nh ch to(in p th c th l xoay chiu hoc mt chiu tu theo yu cu ca nh ch to)

o in tr mt chiu cun ng, ct. (3 nm) Kim tra mch nh th: (3 nm) Tip im ph ca my ct. Kim tra s hot ng cc mch nh th theo bn v nh ch to. Kim tra s hot ng ca cc rle trung gian t iu khin. o cch in cp nh th. (tch mch in t ra khi mch o) o thi gian tch nng l xo. (hng nm) o dng in mt tch nng. (3 nm) o thi gian ng, ct: (hng nm) Thi gian ng, ct ca tip im chnh. khng ng thi khi ng, ct gia 3 pha. o dng in cun ng, ct. Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my. Kim tra mn ca tip im. (3 nm) o hnh trnh, ngp ca my ct.(nu cn thit) o tc ng, ct ca my ct.(nu cn thit) Kim tra s hot ng cc chu trnh ca nh ch to.(nu cn thit) Kim tra in p lm vic nh nht ca cun ng, ct. (2 nm) trong trng hp s c mt vi bnh cqui ca ngun iu khin hay in p li b gim thp th my ct vn lm vic c. o in tr tip xc: (Dng o ti thiu phi bng 100A) (hng nm) Tip im chnh. Th cao th xoay chiu i vi cch in mch nh th. (3 nm) Lu : Phi tch mch in t ra khi mch o. Th cao th xoay chiu tn s cng nghip i vi cch in chnh ca my ct (hng nm): thc hin ging nh khi th nghim lp mi

133/143

13.4 o in tr tip xc 13.4.1 ngha ca php o in tr tip xc Nhm pht hin ra tnh trng bt thng trn cc mi ni cc mi ni, cc u tip xc pht sinh trong qu trnh vn hnh nhm gip ngi qun l c th c k hoch bo dng, sa cha hp l nhm trnh xy ra s c. 13.4.1.1 Nguyn nhn lm tng in tr tip xc l do: Hng hc v c, mi mn, n mn v c. Cc b mt tip xc b xy ha. Di tc dng ca nhit lng sinh ra lu ngy s lm cho cc mi ni tr nn mi v lng ra. Hu qu ca vic tng in tr tip xc lm cho cc mi ni, mi tip xc ngy cng b pht nng lm nhit ti tng cao bt thng v chnh l nguyn nhn gy nn cc s c trm trng bn trong My ct, cc Dao cch ly, cc u ni khi ang vn hnh dng ti ln v in p cao. 13.4.1.2 Cc phng php o in tr tip xc Vic o in tr tip xc c tin hnh theo phng php V-A mt chiu. Da vo ta c th o in tr tip xc bng cc cch sau: o trc tip v o gin tip. o trc tip bng cc thit b o chuyn dng: ACCU-OHM II Vangard, Megger DLRO600, Multi amp 830250. o gin tip qua cc ng h mV-A bng cch cp mt dng DC chy qua i tng o v o in p ri trn hai u i tng ta thu c gi tr: Rx = U(mV) / I (A) Lu : o cc dng in ln (trn 50 A) ta thng dng mt shunt dng c gi tr dng nh mc thch hp. Cp chnh xc ca cc thit b o phi khng c nh hn 0,5. 13.4.1.3 Cc lu v an ton trong qu trnh o Khng c h mch dng trong khi o v: C kh nng gy hng cc thit b o mch in p. C th pht sinh h quang mt chiu khi o dng ln. i tng c th nghim phi c cch ly v in vi cc phn ang mang in xung quanh. Khi o bng phng php V-A gin tip phi kim tra m bo rng bin tr iu chnh phi tip xc tt, trnh gy nn tnh trng h mch dng khi iu chnh. Khng tip xc vi mch o v i tng trong qu trnh o. Yu cu ca php o
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Khi o in tr tip xc cc MC, DCL, cc mi ghp c dng nh mc ln (trn 400A), dng o phi c gi tr ti thiu l 100A. Trc khi tin hnh cc php o in tr tip xc trn cc MC, DCL cn phi thao tc ng ct nhiu ln m bo n nh v tin cy ca kt qu o v: Trong qu trnh ng ct s lm bc l cc tn ti trong mch dn dng ca MC, DCL. Cc b mt b xy ha, cc sn phm pht sinh trong qu trnh dp h quang trn b mt ny s c ty i. Nu cn c th tng gi tr dng o ln: 200A, 300A kim tra thm nhm pht hin nhng mi ghp cha tt.Tuy nhin dng o khng c ln hn dng nh mc ca thit b trnh sai s do hin tng qu nhit. V sinh sch s cc u cc ca My ct, Dao cch ly v cc b mt ca cc mi ghp trc khi tin hnh php o trnh sai s. 13.4.1.4 nh gi kt qu o Tin hnh o t 3 n 5 ln trn mt i tng vi cng mt dng o v s o. Gi tr o sau cng s l gi tr trung bnh ca cc kt qu o trn. R = (R1+R2+..+ Rn)/ n. (vi n = 35) Gi tr in tr tip xc o c khng c ln hn tiu chun cho php ca nh ch to. Nu gi tr o ln cn kim tra li s o, cc v tr u ni v tnh trng cc u u ni. Tin hnh thao tc thm vi ln kim tra tnh n nh ca kt qu o. Nu cc gi tr o c trn cc pha MC u tng nh nhau c th ngh n kh nng kim tra li ngp v hnh trnh ca cc tip im. Nu cc kt qu o n nh v cc thng s v hnh trnh, ngp bnh thng nhng cc gi tr in tr tip xc vn ln c kh nng tip im dp h quang ca MC b mn sau mt thi gian vn hnh. Cn c bin php kim tra mn v thay th b tip im ng. Cho php gi tr in tr tip xc tng n 1,2 ln gi tr xut xng ca nh ch to (i vi nhng MC qua vn hnh). Tuy nhin vic in tr tip xc tng nhanh v t bin mt pha bo hiu tnh trng bt thng bn trong my v cn phi chn on thm. 13.4.1.5 Thit b o in tr tip xc ACCU-OHM II Vangard c tnh k thut
ien ap s dung: 200 en 240 Vac, tan so 50/60 Hz. Dong th : 10 en 200 A (DC). Tam o: t 1 micro-ohm en 300 milliohms Cap chnh xac: (1% gia tr oc + 1digit) Nhiet o moi trng lam viec : 0oC en 55oC. Cu to

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1. Cong tac e tat va m may, o cam nguon, mach nguon co CB 10A. 2. Man hnh LCD nen sang nhn c di anh sang ban ngay, 2 dong 16 ky t. 3. CHANGE PUSH TO SELLECT: Num van ieu chnh ( tat ca cac menu va tuy chon ieu c ieu khien bang num nay) 4. Giao dien may tnh , 9 chan , kieu giac cai DB. 5. CURRENT CONTROL: Num van dung e ieu chnh o ln dong ien kiem tra. 6. HIGH VOLTAGE PRESENT: en led o e bao cho ngi van hanh co the co dong ien ln i qua au o. 7. Giac cam (o) au cam bien ap (co ky hieu ien tr). 8. Giac cam dong (giac cai,o) cho cap dong loai to chu c dong ien len ti 200A

Phm vi p dng ACCU-OHM II Vangard c dng kim tra in tr tip xc ca cc My ct, Dao cch ly v cc mi ni c dng lm vic ln (trn cc thanh ci ngoi tri, thanh ci t hp b, cc mi ghp gia cc thit b lc: My ct, MBA, DCL vi cc thanh dn, cp u ni). S u dy

Lu v an ton khi s dng thit b o ACCU-OHM II Vangard Trc khi o in tr tip xc trn cc My ct hoc cc Dao cch ly phi kim tra bit rng cc i tng ny c cch ly khi cc ngun ang mang in khc xung quanh, chng ang trng thi ng v c du tip a mt pha (khi tin hnh php o khu vc ang mang in).
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Khi tin hnh u ni phi: Lun lun ni dy ni t bo v. Lun s dng cc dy ni an ton. (dy o khng b t hoc try xc lp v bc) Tt ngun cp vo thit b trc khi u ni. Nu trn mch o c ni cc bin dng, phi c lp cc bin dng v cc r le bo v trnh tc ng ct sai ca cc bo v lin quan. Trnh s dng trong iu kin lm vic gn ni c ngun in t trng mnh v n c kh nng lm cho thit b hot ng sai hoc gy h hng cho mch o.

Tiu chun tip xc mt s my ct

STT Kiu Um (KV) I m (A) Icm (KA) NCT Rtip xc () Ghi ch

MY CT KH SF6 1 GI - E FP4025D (Trong nh) FP4025G (Trong nh) SFA(Trong nh) DIFFLU 3AF01 GVB-M/2000 -1000 LBA-06C VR - 3S N36 / N24 / N12 40,5 n 1600(I) 3150(II) 1250 1250 n 3150 1250 1250 2000 630 560 / 800 630 (I) 25 (II)31,5 25 25 n 40 16 25 25 50 12,5/16 12,5 Nuova Magrini Galileo ALSTOM (CHINA) ALSTOM (CHINA) AAB TB Nha Siemen-india LG Co.,Ltd LG Co.,Ltd ABB Nu-Lec Pty Ltd
( )

I 50 (II) 25 150 150 23 25 32 25,7 + 20%

Nh ch to (I): 25KA (II): 31,5KA Nh ch to Nh ch to Nh ch to Nh ch to Nh ch to Nh ch to Nh ch to Nh ch to Nh ch to

2 3 4 5 1 2 3 01 02

40,5 40,5 36 7,2 40,5 24 0,69 34,5 36

MY CT CHN KHNG

50+20% 150 100

MY CT RECLOSER

13.5 Phn tch thi gian chuyn ng ca my ct 13.5.1 Mc ch Khu th nghim ny lun c tin hnh cho cc my ct trung v cao p, Nhm kim tra s hot ng ca b truyn ng, cc cun dy ng ct, s lp t ng ca my ct cng nh hnh trnh ca my. Vi php th ny ta c c thng tin v c tnh thi gian ca c cu truyn ng, vn tc ng ct, bt ca tip im, ng b ng ct, dng thao tc cun ng ct, thi gian ng ct.
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Nh vo cc php kim tra ny m ngi s dng thit b c th sm pht hin ra cc khuyt tt cng nh cc h hng ca c cu b truyn ng, tip im chnh, cun dy hoc van in dng thao tc my ct, tip im ph. 13.5.2 Cc nh ngha Thi gian ng ca mt phn t: L thi gian t khi c lnh ng n thi im tip xc u tin ca tip im. Thi gian ng ca mt pha: L thi gian t khi c lnh ng n thi im tip im cui cng trong pha bt u tip xc. Thi gian ng ca my ct: L thi gian t khi c lnh ng n thi im tip im cui cng ca my ct bt u tip xc. Thi gian ct ca mt phn t: L thi gian t khi c lnh ct n thi im tip im tch ra. Thi gian ct ca mt pha: L thi gian t khi c lnh ct n thi im tip im u tin trong pha tch ra. Thi gian ct ca my ct: L thi gian t khi c lnh ct n thi im tip im u tin trong pha chm nht tch ra. Thi gian ng b khi ng ca my ct: Chnh lch thi gian ng gia pha nhanh nht v pha chm nht. Thi gian ng b khi ct ca my ct: Chnh lch thi gian ct gia pha nhanh nht v pha chm nht. Thi gian ng b khi ng ca mt pha: Chnh lch thi gian ng gia tip im nhanh nht v tip im chm nht trong pha. Thi gian ng b khi ct ca mt pha: Chnh lch thi gian ct gia tip im nhanh nht v tip im chm nht trong pha. 13.5.3 Phng php o S dng cu o chuyn dng. u ni s theo ch dn ca thit b o. S dng ng h o giy chy in.

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Tiu chun thi gian ng ct mt s my ct

STT Kiu Um (KV) 35 n 40,5 Nh ch to Tng (ms) 4757 60 70 73 83 70 80 60 75 340 400 270 400 300 300 CCCP CCCP T.Quc SIEMENSINDIA E.I.B ABB LG Co.,Ltd. E.I.B E.I.B Nh ch to T hp b LG Co.,Ltd. 250 75 200 Tct (ms) 2533 33 43 40 50 33 43 70 36 - 40 50 120 60 50 100 70 50 45 60 C1:65 C2:50 42 45 40 42 42 Tct (ms) 35 40 02 02 ------Tng (ms) 5,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 5,0 5,0 --Tct (ms) 3,3 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,3 3,3 --NC in l xo Uk:ac Uk:dc Uk:dc Ghi ch

MY CT KH SF6 (ch nghin, m: tham kho IEC, BBXX; Bnh thng: nh ch to) 1 2 EDFSK1-1 GI - E 1600A/25KA SFA (trong nh) HPA(T.nh) AAB - n NuovaMagrini Galileo AAB AAB

3 4

n 36 n 36

MY CT DU (ch nghin, m: tham kho IEC, BBXX; Bnh thng: nh ch to) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C35M-630-10 DW1 - 35D MK100025Y1 BM-11- 630 /1000-20T/KT BM--11 630 / 1250 BK-10,11 BK 10,11 SN10-10I 35 35 35 11 11 10/11 10/11 10/11 USSR T.Quc USSR CCCP

MY CT CHN KHNG (ch nghin, m: tham kho IEC; Bnh thng: nh ch to) 1 2 3 4 5 6 STT 7 8 3AF01 VB6 VD4 GVB-M/6001000/25X VB5-20,31 VB4 Kiu VK/10J,10M 10P LBA 36 24 n 24 24 17,5 12 Um (KV) 12 0,69 75 50 60 100 50 35 Tng (ms) 50 80 2,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 Tng (ms) 5,0 5,0 2,0 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 Tct (ms) 3,3 3,3 Ghi ch

MY CT RECLOSER (ch nghin, m: tham kho IEC, BBXX; Bnh thng: nh ch to) 141/143

1 2

VR - 3S N36

n 34,5 n 36

ABB Nu-Lec Pty Ltd

48 100

40 50

---

---

142/143

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. IEC 60076-1-2000 Part 1: General. 2. IEC 60076-3-2000 Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air. 3. IEC 60076-4-2002 Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse testing Power transformers and reactors. 4. Quy chun Quc gia v k thut in tp 5: QCVN QT-5:2009BCT 5. Quy trnh vn hnh v sa cha my bin p s 623/ VN-KTN 1997 ca Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam. 6. Quy chun quc gia v an tan in BCT-2008 7. Qui nh v thi hn, hng mc, khi lng th nghim nh k cho thit b s: 3075/CV-EVN-KTL, ngy 14/07/2003
8. Cc Quy trnh s dng thit b c Cng ty Th nghim in lc ban hnh.

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