HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

LI NI U:
TI LIU CH CP TI CC CNG THC TNH TON HU NH KHNG CP TI L THUYT!

C g sai st xin cc bn thng cm & chnh sa gim!

I/

nhn bit cht v c:

Cht cn NB Thuc th Du hiu- Phng trnh phn ng Li cho ngn la ta K cho ngn la tm Na cho ngn la vng Ca cho ngn la da cam Ba cho ngn la vng lc Sr cho la mu son H2O Dung dch lm qu tm ha xanh + H2 (Vi Ca dd c) M + nH2O M(OH)n + n H2
2

Li K Na Ca Ba Sr
KIM LOI

t chy

Be Zn Al Kloi t Mg Pb Cu

dd kim dd axit (HCl)

Tan H2 M +(4-n)OH- + (n-2)H2O MO2n-4 + n H2

2

KIM LOI

Tan H2 (Pb c PbCl2 mu trng) M + nHCl MCln + n H2

2

HCl/H2SO4 Tan dung dch mu xanh long c sc 2Cu + O2 + 4HCl 2CuCl2 + 2H2O O2
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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

t trong O2 Ag I2 ( nu tm) S ( vng lc)

PHI KIM

HNO3/t0 H tinh bt t trong O2 t trong O2 v ha tan sn phm vo H2O t trong O2 Qu tm m

Mu mu en t 2Cu + O2 2CuO Tan NO2 mu nu t Ag + 2HNO3 AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O Mu xanh c trng kh SO2 mi hc t S + O2 SO2
0 0
0

P ( , en, trng)

Dung dch to thnh lm qu tm t 4P + O2 2P2O5 P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 (Dung dch H3PO4 lm qu tm)
0

CO2 lm c nc vi trong t C + O2 CO2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O Chuyn sang , sau mt mu.
0

Cl2 ( vng lc)

Dd KBr

Dd Br2 ( nu hoc vng cam ty theo lng Br2 to ra)

O2 O3 (xanh nht) H2

Nht mu 5Cl2 + Br2 + 6H2O 10HCl + 2HBrO3 H tinh bt ha mu xanh dd KI + h Cl2 + 2KI 2KCl + I2 tinh bt I H tinh bt mu xanh Tn m Tn m bng chy Cu mu mu en Cu, t0 t 2Cu + O2 2CuO Nc Br2
2

KH V HI

dd KI + h tinh bt t,lm lnh

H tinh bt ha mu xanh

C ting n nh Hi nc ngng t t 2H2 + O2 2H2O

0

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

H2O (hi)

CO

Ha t CuO + H2 Cu + H2O Trng xanh CuSO4 khan CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O en CuO, t0 t CuO + CO Cu + CO2 Pd sm dd PdCl2 CO + PdCl2 + H2O Pd +2HCl + CO2 t trong O2 ri dn Dung dch nc vi trong vn c sn phm t 2CO + O2 2CO2 chy qua dd CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O nc vi trong Ha hng Qu tm m CuO, t0
0
0

CO2 Dd vi trong hoc Ba(OH)2 Qu tm m nc Br2 dd thuc tm Dd Ca(OH)2 dd Ba2+ Nht mu SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr Nht mu 5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O 2H2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 c nc vi trong SO2+Ca(OH)2CaSO3+H2O BaSO4 trng Dung dch nc vi trong vn c CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O Ha hng

SO2 ( mi hc)

SO3

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

* Mt mu dd Br2, to S vng * mt mu dd KMnO4 ( hoc trong H2SO4 ) to S vng to S vng O2 H2S(mi trng thi) Cl2 to S vng FeCl3 to S vng SO2 dd Pb2+, ddCu2+. Dd Ag , dd Pb2+ HCl Qu tm m NH3 Qu tm m phenolphtalein HCl c Ha Hng Khi trng NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
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+

to S vng

PbS, CuS en

AgCl, PbCl2 trng

Ha Khi trng NH3 + HCl NH4Cl Ha xanh

NH3 (mi khai)

HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

trng xanh Fe(OH)2 Dd mui Fe2+ Kt ta tan to dd phc cht mu xanh thm [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 Cu(OH)2

NO ( khng mu)

Khng kh Qu tm m

Ha nu 2NO + O2 2 NO2 Ha

NO2 ( nu )

Mu nu k0 mu 11 C 2NO2 N2O4 H2O + O2 + Cu Dd Cu(NO3)2 mu xanh N2 Que m chy Tt Qu tm Ha C kh CO2, SO2, H2S, H2 Mui cacbonat; 2HCl + CaCO CaCl + CO + H O 3 2 2 2 Axit: HCl sunfit, sunfua, 2HCl + CaSO3 CaCl2 + SO2+ H2O kim loi ng 2HCl + FeS FeCl2 + H2S trc H 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2 Kh Cl2 mu vng lc bay ln MnO2, t0 t 4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 +Cl2 +2H2O Axit HCl c Khi trng NH4Cl Kh NH3 Lm lnh
0 0

Axit H2SO4 long

Qu tm Mui cacbonat; sunfit, sunfua, kim loi ng trc H

Ho C kh CO2, SO2, H2S, H2,. H2SO4 + Na2CO3 2Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O H2SO4 + CaSO3 CaSO4 + SO2 + H2O H2SO4 + FeS FeSO4 + H2S H2SO4 + Zn ZnSO4 + H2

DUNG DCH

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Dung To kt ta trng dch mui ca Ba. Hu ht C kh thot ra Axit HNO3, cc kim H2SO4 c 4HNO3() + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 2H2O loi (tr nng Cu +2H2SO4(, nng) CuSO4 + 2SO2 + 2H2O Au, Pt) Qu tm Ha xanh Dung dch Dung dch Baz Ha hng phenolphtalein trng BaSO4 Dd Mui sunfat mui Ba BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4+ 2NaCl trng AgCl Mui clorua AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl+ NaNO3 Dd AgNO3 vng Ag3PO4 Mui photphat 3AgNO3 + Na3PO4 Ag3PO4+ 3NaNO3 CO2, SO2 Mui cacbonat,sun CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O fit CaSO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + SO2 + H2O Dd Mui CO2 hirocacbona axit NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2+ H2O t SO2 Mui hirosunfit NaHSO3 + HCl NaCl + SO2 + H2O Kt ta trng Mg(OH)2 khng tan trong kim d Mui Magie MgCl2 + 2KOH Mg(OH)2 + 2KCl Kt ta xanh lam : Cu(OH)2 Mui ng Dung CuCl2 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl Kt ta trng xanh : Fe(OH)2 dch Mui St (II) kim FeCl2 + 2KOH Fe(OH)2 + 2KCl NaOH Kt ta nu : Fe(OH)3 Mui St , KOH FeCl3 + 3KOH Fe(OH)3+ 3KCl (III) Kt ta keo trng Al(OH)3 tan trong kim d Mui Nhm AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O Mui Natri La n Ngn la mu vng kh Mui Kali Ngn la mu tm
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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

dd lm xanh qu tm (CaO to ra dung dch c) Na2O + H2O 2NaOH H2O dd lm qu tm P2O5 P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 tan to SiF4 SiO2 Dd HF SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 +2H2O dd khng mu Al2O3, ZnO Dd kim Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O ZnO + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2O dd mu xanh CuO Axit CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O HCl un Cl2 mu vng MnO2 t nng 4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 +Cl2 +2H2O HCl un AgCl trng Ag2O nng Ag2O + 2HCl 2AgCl + H2O NO2 mu nu FeO, Fe3O4 FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O HNO3 Fe3O4 + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO2+ 5H2O c to dd mu nu , khng c kh thot ra Fe2O3 Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O Lu : Mt s dung dch mui lm chuyn mu qu tm: - Dung dch mui cacbonat, sunfua, photphat, axetat ca kim loi kim lm qu tm xanh - Dung dch mui (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, NH4NO3, AgNO3, AlCl3, Al(NO3)3, mui hirosunfat ca kim loi kim lm qu tm ha . Na2O, K2O, BaO, CaO
0

II/ nhn bit ion:

Nhn bit cation: Cation H+ Li+ Na+ Thuc th Qu tm Hin tng- Phng trnh phn ng Ha

OXIT TH RN

Th la: t Ngn la mu ta trn ngn la Ngn la mu vng v sc

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

K+ Rb+ Ca2+ Cs+ Ba2+ Mg

2+

Ngn la mu tm Ngn la mu mu Ngn la mu cam Ngn la mu xanh da tri Ngn la mu lc vng Kt ta keo trng khng tan trong kim d dd kim d Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg(OH)2 Kt ta trng sau tan trong kh CO2 Ca2+ + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2Na+ CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2+ Ba2+ trng MgCO3, BaCO3, CaCO3 dd Na2CO3

Ca

2+

dd Na2CO3 v kh CO2

Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+

dd Ba2+ dd

SO42CrO42-

Kt ta trng Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 Kt ta vng ti Ba2+ + CrO42- BaCrO4 Kh mi khai bay ln lm qu tm m ha xanh NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O Kt ta keo sau tan trong dd kim d:

NH4

dd kim

Al3+, Zn2+, Be2+, Cr3+ Fe2+

dd kim d Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2, Cr(OH)3 , Be(OH)2 dd kim Kt ta trng xanh ha mu vng ri chuyn sang mu nu trong khng kh
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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2OFe(OH)3 Dd KMnO4 trong H+ Mt mu tm dd KMnO4 MnO4-+5Fe2++8H+ Mn2++5Fe3++4H2O Kt ta trng xanh ha mu vng ri chuyn sang mu nu trong khng kh Dd NH3

dd kim, dd NH3 Fe
3+

Kt ta nu Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 Dd mu Fe(SCN)3

Dd SCN

Cr

3+

Kt ta xanh xm dd kim Cr3+ + 3OH- Cr(OH)3 Kt ta keo mu xanh lam dd kim Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2 Kt ta keo mu xanh lam sau tan to dd xanh thm dd NH3 d Cu2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2+ 2NH4+ Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 dd ClKt ta trng AgCl, ha en ngoi nh sng

Cu2+

Ag+

Dd Br-

Kt ta vng nht AgBr. ha en ngoi nh sng

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Dd I-

Kt ta vng m AgI

Hg2+ Ni2+ Sr
2+

HgI2 Dd KI Dd kim Dd SO42 Ni(OH)2 xanh lc khng tan trong dd kim d, tan trong dd NH3 to phc xanh [Ni(NH3)6](OH)2 trng SrSO4

Pb2+ Cd2+ Ni2+ Mn2+ Nhn bit anion: Anion OHClThuc th Qu tm Dd Na2S, H2S

PbS en CdS vng NiS en MnS hng

Hin tng- Phng trnh phn ng Ha xanh Kt ta trng Cl- + AgNO3 AgCl + NO3Kt ta vng nht

Br I-

dd AgNO3

Br- + AgNO3 AgBr + NO3Cht rn mu vng I- + AgNO3 AgI + NO3-

HgI2 Dd HgCl2

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Cl

PbCl2 trng tan trong nc nng Dd Pb(NO3)2 dd Pb2+ Kt ta en khng tan trong H+ S2- + Pb2+ PbS Kh H2S mi trng thi CuS en khng tan trong H+

S2-

H+ Dd CuSO4, Cu(NO3)2

Si bt kh mi hc lm mt mu dd Br2 dd axit H+ SO32Dd Ba2+ SO32- + 2H+ SO2 + H2O SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4 BaSO3 trng tan trong H+

SO4

2-

dd Ba

2+

Kt ta trng SO42- + Ba2+ BaSO4 Si bt kh khng mu lm c nc vi trong CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O CaCO3, BaCO3

dd axit H+ CO32Dd Ca2+, Ba2+

PO4

3-

Kt ta mu vng dd AgNO3 dd BaCl2 PO43- + 3AgNO3 Ag3PO4 + 3NO3Kt ta mu vng ti

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CrO42-

HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

CrO42- + BaCl2 BaCrO4 + 2ClCht Thu c th Hin tng Phng trnh p S i bt kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh Mt mu vng nht ca kh Cl2, lm hng qu tm m dd H2SO4 v Cu 2NO3- + 8H+ + 3Cu 3Cu2+ + 2NO+ 4H2O ankan Kh Cl2, a`s 2NO + O2 2NO2 NO3Kh H NH khai, lm qu tm m i mu xanh 3 mi * Tan trong 2SO 4 c CAl(OH) 4 * 3, Mt mu dd Br2 trong CCl4, nhng khng mt mu dd Zn(OH) KMnO 2 4 xicloankan Mt mu dd Br2 Xiclopropan( vng 3 cnh) Kh CO2 lm c nc vi trong HCO3
2+

H2SiO3 keo trng nhy

SiO3

Dd H

HSO3

Kh SO2 khng mu, mi hc

III/ nhn bit cht hu c:

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

* Mt mu dd Br2 ankin

Ankadien * Mt mu dd KMnO4, to kt ta nu en MnO2

HC khng no

anken

To sp cho p trng gng: +O2 Dd AgNO3/NH3 ank-1-in Dd CuCl/NH3 Kt ta vng nht

Kt ta

Mt mu dd KMnO4 t0 cao, to kt ta nu en MnO2 Ankylbenzen ( tr Benzen) HC thm

Mt mu dd Br2 Stiren

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Mt mu dd KMnO4 t0 thng, to kt ta nu en MnO2

Dng p th Hal bng nhm OH hay p tch H-Hal ( ancol, t0 ) Sau dng cc cht thng thng nhn bit sp ca dx Hal T nhn bit c dx Hal

Dn xut Hal
Ty theo bc ca dx Hal m p to thnh Bc Halogenua c th xy ra nhanh hay chm hoc khng xy ra Dd alyl, benzylhalogenua: to kt ta rt nhanh nhit phng dx Hal b c III: to kt ta nhanh nhit thng AgNO3 trong ancol dx Hal bc II: to kt ta ngay khi b un nng dx Hal b c I: to kt ta khi un lu hn dx Vinyl v Phenylhalogenua: khng to kt ta

Kh khng mu H2

Na, K

Ancol Este c mi thm Dd CH3COOH/ H2SO4 c, t0 Phn bit CuO en, t0 Kt ta en chuyn sang ( Cu) v sp c th cho
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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

bc ancol ( tr ancol p trng gng: bc III) ancol bc I: to sp andehit cho p trng gng

ancol bc II: to sp xeton khng cho p trng gng

* Ru bc 3: phn ng ngay tc khc, to dn xut halogen lm vn c dung Thuc th Lucas dch (hn hp HCl c v * Ru bc 2: to ra sn phm sau vi ZnCl2 khan) pht (dung dch phn lp) * Ru bc 1: khng phn ng To phc cht mu xanh da tri
Poliancol( c t nht 2 nhm OH 2 C lin k)

Dd Cu(OH)2

Kh khng mu H2 Na

Phenol Dd FeCl3

Phc mu xanh tm [Fe(OC6H5)6]H3 6C6H5OH + FeCl3

[Fe(OC6H5)6]H3 + 3HCl

Mt mu dd Br2, kt ta trng 2,4,6-tribromphenol

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Kt ta vng Dd HNO3 thuc th xeri amoninitrat phc mu (NH4)2Ce(NO)6 Thuc th chuyn sang mu vng th cht cn nhn bit l Ancol Thuc th chuyn sang mu xanh- nu th cht cn nhn bit l Phenol Kt ta Ag trng

Thuc th Tolen ( ddAgNO3/NH3)

Dd chuyn sang mu hng Thuc th Sip( dung dch axit fucsinssunfuro khng mu) Andehit Kt ta gch Cu2O Dd Cu(OH)2 Thuc th Felinh ( phc ca Cu2+ vi ion tactrat) (tr andehit thm) thuc th Benedic (phc ca Cu2+ vi ion xitrat)

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Dd Cu(OH)2/OHun nng To tinh th kt tinh Dd NaHSO3 bo ha thuc th 2,4dinitrophenylhidrazin (2,4-DNPH) Mt mu dd Br2 Mt mu dd thuc tm ch : Do andehit no, khng no u lm mt mu dd Br2 ( p oxhkh). * Mun phn bit andehit no v khng no, dng dd Br2/ CCl4: trong mt CCl4 th Br2 khng th hin tnh oxi ha nn ch p vi andehit khng no ( p cng Br2) To sp khng tan mu thuc th 2,4dinitrophenylhidrazin (2,4-DNPH) Mt mu dd Br2/ CH3COOH Xeton Nhn ra Metylxeton ( R-CO-CH3) I2 trong mt kim ( p Iodofom) Dd Kt ta vng CHI3 To sp khng tan mu

To axit cacboxylic

To tinh th kt tinh
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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

NaHSO3 bo ha Mt dd KMnO4, K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4 c t0 cao to hh axit Qu tm ha Kh khng mu H2 Na Fe Mui cacbonat Kh khng mu CO2 Kt ta Ag trng Thuc th Tolen ( ddAgNO3/NH3) Kt ta gch Cu2O Axit cacboxylic Thuc th Felinh( phc ca Cu2+ vi ion tactrat)

HCOOH thuc th Benedic (phc ca Cu2+ vi ion xitrat)

Dd Cu(OH)2/OHun nng Mt mu dd Br2

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Clorua axit: cho kt ta AgCl trng Dd AgNO3 clorua axit: p mnh, tan nhanh anhidric axit: tan nhah khi mi un nng Dd este:ch tan khi un si, khng gii NaOH phng NH3 amit: ch tan khi un si, to kh mi khai NH3 lm qu tm ha xanh Este khng no Mt mu dd Br2 Kt ta Ag trng Thuc th Tolen ( ddAgNO3/NH3) Kt ta gch Cu2O Phn bit cc dx ca axit( clorua axit. anhidrit axit, este, amit)

Este

HCOO-R

Thuc th Felinh ( phc ca Cu2+ vi ion tactrat) Dd Cu(OH)2/OHun nng

thuc th Benedic (phc ca Cu2+ vi ion xitrat)

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To ancol a chc( OH lin k): dng dd Cu(OH)2 to phc xanh da tri) ( hoc to axit cacboxylic: dng qu tm nhn bit)

Este a chc

Thy phn trong mt kim hoc mt axit

Nh hn nc To glixerol ( to phc xanh da tri vi dd Cu(OH)2) Lipit Thy phn trong mt kim hoc mt axit)

Kt ta Ag trng Thuc th Tolen ( ddAgNO3/NH3) cacbohidrat glucozo Dd Cu(OH)2 Dd Cu(OH)2/OHt0 Kt ta gch Cu2O To dd xanh lam

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Mt mu dd Br2 Kt ta Ag trng Thuc th Tolen ( ddAgNO3/NH3) To dd xanh lam fructozo Dd Cu(OH)2 Kt ta gch Cu2O Dd Cu(OH)2, t0 Khng mt mu dd Br2 To dd xanh lam Dd Cu(OH)2 To dd trong, sau b vn c saccarozo Dd Vi sa To sp Glucozo cho p trng gng Thy phn To dd xanh lam mantozo Dd Cu(OH)2
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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

To sp Glucozo cho p trng gng Thy phn Kt ta gch Cu2O Dd Cu(OH)2/ OH-, t0 Kt ta Ag trng Thuc th Tolen ( ddAgNO3/NH3) To dd mu xanh tm, khi un nng th mt mu, khi ngui th mu xanh tm xut hin To sp Glucozo cho p trng gng Thy phn Qu tm ha xanh Amin kh ( CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (C2H5)3N, C2H5NH2: c mi khai, tan trong nc Mt mu dd Br2, to Kt ta trng Dd Amin thm Br2 ( anilin,) Amin Dd Br2 d Dd NaNO2 + Phn HCl bit bc ( hoc amin HNO2) t0 thp 0-50C Kt ta vng Amin bc 3: khng phn ng Amin bc 2: to ra hp cht N-nitrozo (cht lng mu vng t tan trong nc R-NH-R' + NaNO2 + HCl RR'-N-N=O + NaCl + H2O Amin bc 1: to mui diazoni
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Dd I2 Tinh bt

HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

RNH2 + NaNO2 + 2HCl 2H2O

R-N=NCl

+ NaCl +

Amin no bc 1: mui diazoni s phn hy ngay, gii phng kh N2 v to ra ru RN2Cl + H2O ROH + N2 + HCl Amin thm bc 1: mui diazoni bn 0-50Cc th tin hnh phn ng ghp i vi -naphtol to sn phm mu Mun phn hy mui diazoni thm phi un nng nh, khi thu c phenol, N2 Kt ta Fe(OH)3 nu en Amin Dd bc 1 FeCl3 Ha : x<y Ha xanh: x>y Khng i mu: x=y Kh khng mu CO2

Qu tm

Mui cacbonat Amino axit (NH2)x-R-(COOH)y Kh khng mu N2

HNO2 ( hay hh dd NaNO2+ HCl )

Peptit ( c 2 lin kt peptit -CONH- tr ln)

Dd phc tm c trng( p mu Biure) Dd Cu(OH)2

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Dd phc tm c trng( p mu Biure) Dd Cu(OH)2 Protein Dd HNO3 Kt ta vng

IV/ mu sc ca mt s cht:
Nhm 6. Al2O3: mu trng 7. AlCl3: dung dch ko mu, tinh th mu trng, thng ng mu vng nht v ln FeCl3 8. Al(OH)3: kt ta trng 9. Al2(SO4)3: mu trng. St 10. Fe: mu trng xm 11. FeS: mu en 12. Fe(OH)2: kt ta trng xanh 13. Fe(OH)3: nu , kt ta nu 14. FeCl2: dung dch lc nht 15. Fe3O4(rn): mu nu en 16. FeCl3: dung dch vng nu 17. Fe2O3: 18. FeO : en. 19. FeSO4.7H2O: xanh lc. 20. Fe(SCN)3: mu ng 21. Cu: mu 22. Cu(NO3)2: dung dch xanh lam 23. CuCl2: tinh th c mu nu, dung dch xanh l cy 24. CuSO4: tinh th khan mu trng, tinh th ngm nc mu xanh lam, dung dch xanh lam 25. Cu2O: gch. 26. Cu(OH)2 kt ta xanh l (xanh da tri) 27. CuO: mu en 28. Phc ca Cu2+: lun mu xanh. Mangan 29. MnCl2 : dung dch: xanh lc; tinh th: nht. 30. MnO2 : kt ta mu en. 31. Mn(OH)4 : nu Km 32. ZnCl2 : bt trng 33. Zn3P2: tinh th nu xm 34. ZnSO4: dung dch khng mu Crom
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35. Cr2O3 : sm. 36. CrCl2 : lc sm. 37. K2Cr2O7: da cam. 38. K2CrO4: vng cam Bc 39. Ag3PO4: kt ta vng 40. AgCl: trng. 41. Ag2CrO4: gch Cc hp cht khc 42. As2S3, As2S5 : vng 43. Mg(OH)2 : kt ta mu trng 44. B12C3 (bo cacbua): mu en. 45. Ga(OH)3, GaOOH: kt ta nhy, mu trng 46 .GaI3 : mu vng 47. InI3: mu vng 48. In(OH)3: kt ta nhy, mu trng. 49. Tl(OH)3, TlOOH: kt ta nhy, mu hung 50. TlI3: mu en 51. Tl2O: bt mu en 52. TlOH: dng tinh th mu vng 53. PbI2 : vng ti, tan nhiu trong nc nng 54. Au2O3: nu en. 55. Hg2I2 ; vng lc 56. Hg2CrO4 : 57. P2O5(rn): mu trng 58. NO(k): ha nu trong ko kh 59. NH3 lm qu tm m ha xanh 60. Kt ta trinitrat toluen mu vng. 61. Kt ta trinitrat phenol mu trng. Mu ca ngn la 62. Mui ca Li chy vi ngn la mu ta 63. Mui Na ngn la mu vng 64. Mui K ngn la mu tm 65. Mui Ba khi chy c mu lc vng 66. Mui Ca khi chy c ngn la mu cam Cc mu sc ca cc mui kim loi khi chy c ng dng lm pho hoa Mu ca cc nguyn t 67. Li-mu trng bc 68. Na-mu trng bc 69. Mg-mu trng bc 70. K-c mu trng bc khi b mt sch 71. Ca-mu xm bc 72. B-C hai dng th hnh ca bo; bo v nh hnh l cht bt mu nu, nhng bo kim loi th c mu en 73. N2 :l mt cht kh dng phn t khng mu 74. O2 :kh khng mu 75. F2 ;kh mu vng lc nht 76. Al-mu trng bc 77. Si-mu xm sm nh xanh 78. P:tn ti di ba dng th hnh c bn c mu: trng, v en 79. S-vng chanh 80. Cl2 kh mu vng lc nht 81. Iot (rn): mu tm than
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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

82. Cr mu trng bc 83. Mn kim loi mu trng bc 84. Fe-kim loi mu xm nh nh kim 85. Cu-kim loi c mu vng nh 86. Zn-kim loi mu xm nht nh lam 87. Ba-kim loi trng bc 88. Hg-kim loi trng bc 89. Pb-kim loi trng xm Mu ca ion trong dung dch 90. Mn2+: vng nht 91. Zn2+: trng 92. Al3+: trng 93. Cu2+ c mu xanh lam 94. Cu1+ c mu gch 95. Fe3+ mu nu 96. Fe2+ mu trng xanh 97. Ni2+ lc nht 98. Cr3+ mu lc 99. Co2+ mu hng 100. MnO4- mu tm 101. CrO4 2- mu vng Nhn dng theo mu sc 102. en: CuS ,FeS ,Fe2S3 ,Ag2S ,PbS ,HgS, CdS 103. Hng: MnS 104. Trng: ZnS, BaSO4, SrSO4, CaSO4, PbSO4, ZnS[NH2Hg]Cl 105. Nu: SnS 106. Vng: CdS, BaCrO4, PbCrO4, (NH4)3[PMo12O40], (NH4)3[P(Mo2O7)4] 107. Vng nht: AgI (khng tan trong NH3 c ch tan trong dd KCN v Na2S2O3 v to phc tan Ag(CN)2- v Ag(S2O3)3)

Tn mt s qung v mui kp thng gp:

st t 1 2 3 4 5

tn Boxit Berin Anotit Cacnalit Pirit

cng thc Al2O3.nH2O Al2O3.3BeO.6SiO2 CaO.Al2O3.2SiO2 KCl.MgCl2.6H2O FeS2 (pirit st)

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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

6 Xementit Hematit 7 Hematit 8 nu 9 Xiderit 10 Magietit 11

Fe3C Fe2O3 Fe2O3.nH2O FeCO3 Fe3O4 (qung Hematit giu Fe nht)

CuFeS2 (Pirit ng) Cancopirit 12 Cancozin Cu2S Cu2O 13 Cuprit Ca3(PO4)2 Photphorit 3Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2 15 apatit CaF2 16 Florit Na3AlF6 (hoc AlF3.3NaF) 17 Criolit FeO.Cr2O3 18 Cromit Phn chua Phn amoni Phn crom + + + M2SO4.Al2(SO4).24H2O vi M : Na , Li , Phn NH4+ nhm 14 Phn st(NH4)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O amoni Phn K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2 O ( mu xanh tm) hay CromKCr(SO4)2.12H2O Kali
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HA NHN BIT THY HUY 0968 64 65 97

Thch cao sng Thch cao nung Thch cao khan Natri Cromit

CaSO4.2H2O
1 CaSO4. 2 H2O

CaSO4 NaCrO2.2H2O hay Na[Cr(OH)4]

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