Ly Thuyêt Ve Guitar Acoustic

Www. Ghita.
Vn
2013
T hc m Guitar Acoustic
PHN 1: K THUT TAY TRI

PHN 2: K THUT TAY MT
Su tm v Bin son: Quc t Acoustic
Ti liu ca Thy V T Hn
FaceBook: Quc t Acoustic

Group FB: Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic
Mc Lc
PHN 1 :K THUT TAY TRI ................................................................................... 4
1.1 Cch tm cc hp m dng trong mt bi nhc Vit ....................................................... 4
1.1.1 Tm ch m ca bi nhc ............................................................................................... 4
1.1.2 Tm cc hp m trong bi nhc ...................................................................................... 6
1.1.3 t cc hp m vo bi nhc ......................................................................................... 7
1.1.2 Vi iu cn ghi nh ........................................................................................................ 9
1.1.2.1 Qung .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.2.2 Cung v na cung ....................................................................................................... 9
1.1.2.3 m giai trng ...................................................................................................... 9
1.1.2.4 Cn bn m giai trng ............................................................................................... 9
1.1.2.5 To 1 m giai trng t cc nt khc ......................................................................... 9
1.1.2.6. Lm sao to hp m ? ......................................................................................... 10
1.1.2.7 Lut 1 4 5 ............................................................................................................ 10
1.1.2.8 Qung 3 trng 3 th l g ? ..................................................................................... 10
1.1.2.9 Hai cu thn ch........................................................................................................ 10
1.1.2.10 Nhng bc k tip ................................................................................................. 11
1.3 Tm cc hp m m bi MA HNG ..................................................................... 12
1.5 Hp m 7 v sus 4 ............................................................................................................. 16
1.5.1 Hp m 7 ...................................................................................................................... 16
1.5.2 Hp m sus4................................................................................................................. 17
PHN 2. K THUT TAY MT .................................................................................. 18

2.1 Nguyn tc cn bn ........................................................................................................... 18
2.1.1 Tm xem bi nhc thuc nhp g ? ............................................................................ 18
2.1.2 nh s ln khy trong 1 nhp............................................................................ 18
2.2 m iu VALSE-THU VNG (Cung Tin) ................................................................. 20
2.2.1 Li Ca .......................................................................................................................... 20
2.2.2 Hp m cho tay tri - Ch m Sol trng ( G ) ........................................................... 20
2.2.3 Cch m tay mt......................................................................................................... 21
2.3 m nhc cng ng-BN I HIU QUNH (Trnh Cng Sn) ............................... 25
2.4 m iu SLOW-MA HNG (Trnh Cng Sn) ....................................................... 32
2.5 Phn Loi Cc Nhp iu ................................................................................................. 39
Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/
2.5.1 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm SLOW ............................................................................. 40

2.5.2 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm VALSE ............................................................................ 44
2.5.3 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm RUMBA .......................................................................... 46
2.5.4 m nhc dn ca M theo phong cch TRAVIS ......................................................... 50
Ph Lc ............................................................................................................................. 52
V trnh n guitar v cn bn l thuyt m nhc ca mi ngi u khc nhau, vit

mt bi ch dn tng qut cho mi trnh l iu khng d. Do ti s trnh by 1
khung hnh (framework) ri t ty trnh ca mnh m cc bn s t tm hiu thm.
PHN 1 :K THUT TAY TRI

1.1 Cch tm cc hp m dng trong mt bi nhc Vit
Trc ht nhn vo 1 bn nhc th c hai trng hp: hoc bi y c ghi sn cc hp
m (chords), hoc khng ghi hp m no c. Nu c ghi sn hp m th tt, v vn
cho bn tay tri c gii quyt xong v bn ch cn cn tm cch lm sao chy
cc ngn tay phi. Tuy nhin thng thng th cc bn nhc Vit khng ghi km cc hp
m, v rt nhiu trng hp tuy c ghi hp m nhng nghe khng xui tai cho lm!
Do trc khi cm ly cy n, vic u tin m cc bn cn nm vng l nn bit
cch tm cc hp m dng trong bi . Ba vn chnh thuc bn tay tri l:
1: Tm ch m ca bi nhc
2: Tm cc hp m trong bi nhc
3: t cc hp m vo bi nhc.
1.1.1 Tm ch m ca bi nhc
Hy nhn vo b kha u bi nhc, ta s thy c 3 trng hp xy ra
a) B kha khng c du thng gim : Ch m ca bi c th l Do trng (C) hay La
th (Am)
b) B kha c du thng : T du thng cui cng, cng thm na cung th s c tn ch
m trng, ri t m xung 2 nt s c tn m giai tng ng l ch m th.
c) B kha c du gim : Nu c 1 du gim (Bb) th ch m ca bi c th l Fa trng
(F) hay Re th (Dm) . Nu c hn 1 du gim, th du gim ngay trc du gim cui s
l tn ca ch m trng v sau m xung 2 nt s c tn ca ch m cung th
Hi: Ti sao ta li cha bit r c ch m ca bi nhc thuc cung trng hay th
ngay nh th?
p: Hy tng tng vic tm ch m ca mt bi nhc mi cng nh bn ang
ng trc mt cn nh l. Bn g ca nhng khng bit ngi ch gia nh ra m
ca l ngi cha (trng) hay m (th)
Bi tp:
a) B kha c 3 du thng : 3 du thng ny theo th t l Fa, Do, Sol. Du thng cui
cng l Sol (G) , vy th bi ny c th ch m La trng (A) (v Sol # cng cung l
La ) . Nu ngi cha tn l La (A) th b m (m giai tng ng) tn l g?
T La, m xung Sol (G) ri xung Fa ( F ) . Phi chng b m tn l Fa th ?
Khng hn vy, v nhn ni b kha th s thy c du F# ngha l tt c cc nt Fa trong
bi s mang du thng.
Do tn ca b m trong ngi nh ny s l Fa thng (F#) v bi ny cng c th thuc
ch m Fa thng th ( F#m )
b) B kha c 2 du gim: 2 du gim ny l Si (B), Mi (E). Du gim trc cui cng
l Si (B), nn ch m bi ny c th l Si gim trng (Bb major) hay Sol th (Gm)
n y th bn tm ra c bi nhc ny c th thuc mt trong 2 ch m. iu ny
tng t nh bit c tn ngi cha (trng) v ngi m (th) trong gia nh ny
nhng cha bit ai l ngi ... cm quyn trong nh ?
Bc k tip l tm xem ch m no l chnh?
Mun vy bn ch cn nhn vo nt cui cng trong bi nhc. N l mt trong 2 nt ny
v l tn ch m ca bi.
Th d:
a) B kha c 2 du thng (Fa# v Do#) v tn cng bng ni Si (B) : Bi ny thuc cung
Si th (B minor) v m giai tng ng l Re trng (D). Ni mt cch khc, trong gia
nh ny th ngi v (Bm) cm quyn (!) v ngi chng (D) ch ng vai tr th yu.
Bi nhc cung th thng c m hng bun.
b) B kha c 3 du gim (Si b, Mi b, La b) v tn cng bng nt Mi b ( Eb) : Bi ny
cung Mi gim trng (Eb major) v m giai tng ng l Do th ( Cm ). Trong gia
nh ny th ngi chng (Eb) cm quyn, v ngi v (Cm) gi vai tr th yu. Bi
nhc cung trng c m hng vui ti, mnh m.
1.1.2 Tm cc hp m trong bi nhc

Thng thng th cc bi nhc Vit ch dng 6 hp m chnh. Th tng tng gia nh
ny c 4 con: 2 trai v 2 gi.
Ta tm c 2 hp m ch nh ri th ch cn tm thm 4 hp m cn li ( tn ca 4
a con) bng cch p dng lut 1 4 5 nh sau:
Th d nh bi nhc thuc cung Do trng (C) - ngha l m giai tng ng l La th
(Am). Nu ngi cha l Do th c th tm tn 2 a con trai bng cch dng 5 ngn ca
bn tay tri m m nh sau:
Ngn ci : 1 Do - ngn tr 2 Re b - ngn gia 3 Mi b - ngn p t 4 Fa OK ngn t
5 Sol OK
Nh vy th bn pha cha v 2 con trai, ta s c 3 hp m : Do (C ), Fa (F) v Sol (G)
V pha ngi m (m giai tng ng), tng t nh trn ta s c tn ca ngi m v 2
con gi l La th (Am), Re th (Dm) v Mi trng (E).
Ghi ch: Ai thc mc mun hi ti sao 2 c con gi li l Re th (m khng l Re
trng) v Mi trng (m khng l Mi th) th cn bit v cc nt trong 1 m giai (scale)
v tn cc qung (interval) .
Trong m giai La th (Am) (thuc dng ngi m) th cc nt trong m giai ny l A-BC-D-E-F-G#-A, Tn ca c con gi th nht bt u nt th 4 (m La Si Do Re )
Hp m Re c 3 nt chng ln nhau l Re Fa La ( D F A) v nt Fa khng c du thng .
Qung D-F l qung 3 th , nn c con gi th nht tn l Re th ( Dm ) . Trong khi
tn ca c con gi th hai bt u bc 5 (m La Si Do Re Mi) . Chng 3 nt ln
nhau Mi (E) s c E G# - B ( G# trong m giai La th) v v qung E G# l
qung 3 trng, nn c con gi th hai s mang tn Mi trng (E )
Cha c th gi tm hiu su xa th nu mun tm 6 hp m chnh cho bi nhc, ta ch cn

ghi nh lut 1 4 5 . i khi ( nn nh ch l i khi) l:
a)
b)
Ba hp m theo ch m trng (cha & 2 con trai) : 1 4 5 (tt c u trng)

Ba hp m theo ch m th (m & con 2 gi) : 1 th - 4 th - 5 trng
Th d: Tm 6 hp m dng trong bi nhc c 1 du thng b kha:

a)
b)
c)
Bi ny c th thuc Sol trng (G) hay Mi th (Em)

Dng lut 1-4-5 theo nhnh G s c 3 hp m G, C, D
Dng lut 1-4-5 theo nhnh Em s c Em, Am, B
6 hp m ny l G C D Em Am B
y l 6 hp m cn bn ca mt bi nhc ph thng m ngi mi chi n cn phi
nm vng. T 6 hp m gc ny m ngi ta bin bo, thm mm mui vo bin
chng thnh v s hp m m cc bn thng thy trong cc tp sch nhc
Mt trong nhng bin th l loi hp m 7, c thnh lp bng cch t thm 1 nt
th t trn 3 nt ca hp m cn bn (tc l hp m ny nay s c 4 nt bc 1-3-5-7) .
Trong khun kh bi hc tm hp m theo li m n lin ny, bn ch cn nh 1 im
nh sau y v hp m 7 l :
nghe m tai hn, tn ca ngi con trai th hai v ngi con gi th hai (D v B
trong th d trn) c th i thnh hp m 7.
Nh th l tm thi chng ta hon tt vic tm tn 6 ngi trong gia nh, v theo th
d trn th 6 hp m dng trong bi nhc ny s l:
G C D7 Em Am B7
1.1.3 t cc hp m vo bi nhc
Tm ra 6 hp m chnh dng trong mt bi nhc ri, cu hi k tip l lm sao bit c
khi no th i hp m? C 3 lut cn bn sau y :
1)
Thng thng vi cc bi nhc Vit th mi nhp dng 1 hp m, i phch 1,
u nhp. Vi nhng bi nhp 4 th i khi dng 2 hp m trong 1 nhp , i phch 1
v 3.
2)
Bi nhc bt u bng ch m v kt nhp cui bng ch m
3)
Ty theo ch m no ( trng hay th) m nhng hp m ca phe cha hay phe m
nm a s. Mt bi bt u cung La th (Am) th hu nh 2 c con gi (Dm v E7) s
theo sau m m ... ln lt trong ngi nh ny! Sau khi b m v 2 c con gi ht i
cc hp m Am-Dm-E7 ri th ng cha v 2 con trai (C-F-G7) lc y mi c ... ln
ting ... ch thay i khng kh! Tuy nhin v ch m l La th nn lm g i na th

cui cng, phe b m cng dnh li ch quyn. Do tt c li phi tr v cm Am-DmE7 chm dt ch m La th (Am)
Thng thng nu bit c tn cc nt trong mi nhp v thy chng ging nh tn cc
nt ca hp m no th chnh l hp m dng cho nhp ny. Trong trng hp hc
m n theo li cp tc ny th ta ch cn cch l phi dng tai nghe m chn ...m"
nh sau :
1)
Tm mt bn ghi cc hp m cn bn cho guitar - ch cn mt trang tm lc ghi
vi chc hp m l
2)
Dng cy guitar nh tri 6 hp m cn bn cho tht nhuyn v quen tai
3)
Bt u vi ch m nhp u tin, ht nhp k tip v so vi 6 hp m trn
nghe xem hp m no thun tai nht
4)
Nn nh theo ng 3 li khuyn ghi phn ny v trnh ng chuyn i hp m
lung tung.
Bn ch cn theo my lut cn bn theo 3 bc trong bi ny l c th ... tr c
khong 90% nhng bi nhc Vit !
1.1.2 Vi iu cn ghi nh
Bi hc ngn trong phn 1 trnh by nhng quy lut b ti gip cc bn c th tm ra
cc hp m cn bn dng trong 1 bi nhc Vit nhanh chng.
Mun hiu r thm v nhng quy lut ny th cc bn cn bit vi iu l thuyt cn bn
sau y:
1.1.2.1 Qung
Hy ly cc nt nhc sp theo th t : Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si - Do ( kt bng
Do cho trn 8 nt). T Do n Re l qung 2, Do n Mi l qung 3, Do Fa (q 4) , Do
Sol (q 5) v.v... Ni chung th qung l khong cch gia 2 nt nhc. C nhiu loi
qung : trng , th, tng, gim, ty thuc vo khong cch gia 2 nt ny. o
khong cch th cn dng n v gi l na cung.
1.1.2.2 Cung v na cung
Nhn trn phm n guitar, bn l t nt Mi ln Fa v Si ln Do ch cch nhau c 1
phm, cn gia cc nt khc th cch nhau 2 phm. Khong cch mt phm nh vy l
na cung v 2 phm l 1 cung.
1.1.2.3 m giai trng
Hy dng cy guitar n 8 nt Do - Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do v n
khong cch cung (c) v na cung (nc) gia cc nt. Ta s thy cc khong cch ny l:
c,c,nc, c , c,c,nc hay cho d nh th c l : 1, 1, , 1, 1, 1, . Tm nt ny c
th xem l gm 2 nhm 4 nt "Do Re Mi Fa v Sol La Si Do cch nhau bi 1 cung (
gia Fa v Sol). Mi nhm 4 nt ny c cu trc 1, 1, ging nhau.
1.1.2.4 Cn bn m giai trng
Chui 8 nt xp theo th t tn nt lin tip nh trn gi l 1 "m giai", v chui 8 nt
bt u t nt Do ni trn nghe rt thun tai. Ngi ta dng chui 8 nt vi khong cch
gia cc qung nh th ( 1, 1, - 1 - 1, 1, ) lm mu ca mt m giai trng.
1.1.2.5 To 1 m giai trng t cc nt khc
Th to 1 m giai trng bt u t nt Re. Hy dng cy guitar th s thy ngay lp tc
a. Re Mi : 1 cung > OK
b. Mi - Fa : na cung > khng c, phi tng ln Fa# c 1 cung
c. Fa# - Sol : na cung > OK
d. Sol La : 1 cung > OK
e. La Si : 1 cung > OK
f.
Si - Do : na cung > khng c, phi tng ln Do# c 1 cung
g. Do# - Re : na cung > OK
m giai Re trng nh th s mang 2 du thng b kha u bi nhc (Fa# v Do#) .

Khi n 1 bi cung Re trng th lun nh l tt c cc nt Fa v Do u phi tng
na cung. C theo cch trn th bn s tm c b kha (c my du thng gim) ca
tt c cc "m giai trng" khc ( hy ghi nh : 1, 1, - 1 - 1, 1, ).
1.1.2.6. Lm sao to hp m ?
Th dng m giai Re trng. Trn mi nt ta hy vit chng ln thm 2 nt : Do Mi Sol,
Re Fa# La, Sol Si Re, Fa# La Do#Tp hp 3 nt ny to thnh 1 hp m ( nn nh 2
nt cch nhau th gi l qung nh va nh ngha). Tnh t gc i ln th hp m Re
trng gm c 1 qung 3 (Re Fa#) v 1 qung 5 (Re La)
1.1.2.7 Lut 1 4 5
Khi chuyn t hp m ny sang hp m khc cng c nhng quy lut ring sao nghe cho
hp tai. Chuyn ng cn bn nht l t hp m 1 (ch m) i qua hp m bc 4 ri
bc 5. Ba hp m ny i vi nhau rt hp v c rt nhiu bi nhc t u n cui ch
cn dng 3 hp m ny m thi. Sau ny khi kh hn th ta s bn thm v nhng chuyn
ng khc.
1.1.2.8 Qung 3 trng 3 th l g ?
Ba nt "Re - Fa# - La" to thnh hp m Re trng. Hy qung 3 Re Fa# gm c 2
cung (Re - Mi , Mi - Fa#) v c gi l qung 3 trng. Gi y nu h nt Fa# xung
na cung thnh Fa (tc l ch cn 1 cung ri) th qung Re Fa c gi l qung 3 th.
Trn cy guitar, khi n 3 nt "Re Fa La" th nghe ra c v bun (so vi hp m Re
trng Re Fa# La nghe vui hn) Ch cn thay i qung 3 t trng ra th ( bt i na
cung) m bn cht ca hp m s i ngay t vui ra bun.
1.1.2.9 Hai cu thn ch
Trn y ch l nhng l thuyt ht sc cn bn m ti thu gn li. Mi c qua th
s thy kh hiu nhng thc s th khng n ni no!
Nu mun c thm vi lut b ti tm xem mt hp m gm c nhng nt g th cc
bn nn hc thuc lng 2 cu thn ch sau y :
Fa Do Sol Re La Mi Si
v c ngc li l:
Si Mi La Re Sol Do Fa
10
1.1.2.10 Nhng bc k tip

C dn dn ri chng ta s bn n cc loi hp m khc, khng nn vi v. Hin ti
chng ta ch mi bt u vi 2 loi hp m "trng" v "th". K tip s n "tng" aug
(augmented), "gim"dim (dimnished) ri s n "6th", "sus" v.v..
iu quan trng l cc bn cn phi cm nhn c ci cm gic m mi loi hp m to
ra . Hin ti chng ta ch mi bt u vi hai loi hp m v phn loi ra rng h hp m
trng th nghe vui m hp m th th nghe bun. Tuy nhin nh vy th qu s si v
nhng rung ng ca con ngi th khng ch c "vui" hoc "bun", m cn bit bao
nhiu trng thi khc gia hai thi cc ny.
Bit c nhng loi hp m ny cu to ra sao, gm nhng nt g l chuyn d. Tuy
nhin cn phi r l nhng loi hp m ny mun din t, hay mang li cho ta ci cm
gic g, mi l ci kh.
Nm c ci ca mi loi hp m, sau ta s bn n cc chuyn ng ho m,
ngha l lm sao i t hp m ny tip qua hp m khc cho tht m tai. Nghe th
phc tp lm nhng chng ta s dn dn i qua tng bc.
Tm li th t u bi n y, chng ta vn cn quanh qun bn tay tri. Bn no ...
thm mt th khng cn c hai chng ny lm chi m ch cn xem tn hp m ghi trn
dng nhc l cng !
Vi nhng bn chu kh c n y th ti ngh rng bn c kin thc t
mnh tm cc hp m cho 1 bi nhc Vit gin d. Ti xin ngh cc bn th p dng
nhng iu va hc tm cc hp m cho bi MA HNG ca Trnh Cng Sn, vit
ch m Do trng .
Ti s trnh by cc bc phi theo trong bi k tip. Tuy nhin xin ngh cc bn nn
tm bi MA HNG v th lm bi tp ny trc.
11
1.3 Tm cc hp m m bi MA HNG
Bi ny thuc cung Do trng ( ch m l C). Theo nguyn tc gia nh 4 con v p

dng ... lut gia nh 1 4 5 nh ni nhng bi trc, bn s tm ra c 6 hp
m m cho nhng bi thuc cung Do trng ( hay La th ) nh bi ny.
Trong ti bu bi ca bn s c 6 hp m :
Do trng (1) Fa trng (4) Sol 7 (5)
La th (1) Re th (4) Mi th (5)
Vi 6 hp m ny (C , F , G7 , Am, Dm v Em) bn c th ch dng tai mnh nghe theo
bi nhc m lp cc hp m ny vo bi. Xin nhc li mt vi quy lut nh sau:
1. i hp m phch u tin, ngha l nt u tin ngay sau vch nhp. y l nhng
ch vit HOA trong bi
2. Hp m u tin trong bi l ch m , y l Do ( C )
3. Bi nhc tn cng bng cch v li ch m (C)
4. Trc khi v li ch m, thng dng nht l hp m bc 5 ( G7)
i khi gin d ch c vy thi. Bn th ht bi MA HNG v c n nhng ch
HOA l i hp m. Khng cn cch n tay mt vi, ch cn nh tri (arpeggio)
tht nh nhng l .
Tri m NNG (C) cho my HNG (Am)
My qua MAU (F) em nghing SU (G7)
Cn ma XUNG (G7) nh hm NO (F)
Em n THM (G7) my m thm (C)
Mang gi LN (G7)
- (G7)
Ngi ngi (C) trng ma NGUN (Am)
i yu THNG (F) nghe BUN (G7)
Ngoi kia L (C) nh vn XANH (G7)
Ngoi sng VNG (C) nc dng LN (G7)
Hn mun TRNG (C) (C)
Ny em KHC (C) chiu ma nh CAO (Am) - (F)
Cn g na U (G7) sng m LU (Em)
Em i V (Am) chiu ma t o (F)
ng phng BAY (Dm) m khng li VO (Dm)
Hng cy L (G7) xanh gn vi NHAU (C) - (C)
Ngi ngi XUNG (C) my ngang U (Am)
12
Mong em QUA (F) bao nhiu CHIU (G7)

Vng tay (G7) xanh xao nhiu (F)
i thng NM (G7) gt chn MN (Am)
Trn phim DU ( Dm) - (G7)
Ngi ngi XUNG (C) xin ma Y (Am)
Trn hai VAI (F) cn au DI (G7)
Ngi nm XUNG (C) nghe ting RU (G7)
Cuc i (C) c bao LU (G7)
M hng H (C) - (C)
Sau khi nm vng phn m cn bn ny, chng ta s c th bn thm v nhng ch c
th thay i hp m cho bi m nghe ...tnh hn, cng nh cch vit cu do n
v cu kt.
1.4 Cch dng CAPO
Vi 6 hp m cn bn ny, cc bn ch cn dng tai mnh nghe v lp cc hp m sao
sao nghe cho thun tai. Tuy nhin nn nh ng nhy ... lung tung t hp m ny qua
hp m khc mt cch ... t do qu, v c nhiu chuyn ng nghe rt chi tai . Khi hc
v ha m th bn s bit c mt s iu cm k, c dp ti s ghi ra nhng chi tit ny
cho ai mun nghin cu su xa hn
Nm vng c bu bi gm 6 hp m cn bn ny, bn cm thy an tm bc ra sn
khu ... Cha bt u do n th c ca s quay li ni nh rng Anh i, cung Do
trng thp qu, anh n cho em cao hn, cung Mi trng c khng?
Ngay lp tc bn dng b lut gia nh 1-4-5 v tm ra ngay 6 hp m trong bi ny
l : E, A,B7 v C#m, F#m v Gm . Th nhng nguy qu v my ci hp m qui n
ny ... cha bit bm u c v mnh ... cha hc !
ang khi bi ri, c ca s li thay i kin Hay l anh xung cho em 2 tng cng
c! Xung 2 tng c ngha l t ch m Do trng , h xung ch m La trng (A)
Li p dng lut gia nh 1-4-5, bn tm ra ngay 6 hp m trong gia nh ny l :
A,D,E7 v Fa#m, Bm, C#m ... Li cng kh v ton l nhng hp m l v trc tr kh
bm.
Phi lm g by gi ?
13
Thc s th trc khi ra chin trng, bn cn hc thm 2 chiu sau y th mi c th

gi l tm cn bn m c cc bi nhc cho ca s ht, bt c cung no.
Chiu th nht :
Tp thm 1 b 6 hp m m 1 bi ch m Sol trng (G)
Gi th nh bi Ma Hng c ht cung (tng , ch m) G th 6 hp m cn bn ca
gia nh cung C s thay i t: C,F,G7 Am,Dm.Em
ra thnh
G,C,D7 Em, Am,Bm
y l nhng thnh vin trong gia nh cung Sol trng (G)
tm b 6 hp m mi ny c 2 cch, hoc bt u t ch m G m dng lut 1-4-5 ,
hoc nhn vo trang nhc vit cho cung Do trng (C) m c nhn thy tn hp m no
th c m ln 5 nt ( Do thnh ra Sol, Fa thnh ra Do v.v...)
Chiu th hai: Dng ci CAPO
Capo l mt ci kp n rt thng dng khi m n ( v dng trong Flamenco guitar)
nhng khng dng trong guitar c in
Nu mun m nhc cho mnh v nht l cho ngi khc ht th nht nh l bn phi tm
mua 1 ci Capo cc tim nhc.
Kp ci Capo t phm 1 v nhch dn ln 6 th tuy vn n 6 hp m trong cung Do
trng, bn c th m cho cas ht cc cung t C# (Db) n F# trng hay Gb
trng.
Tng t, nu n cung Sol trng (G) v kp Capo t phm 1 n phm 4, bn c th
m cho cc bi nhc t cung Sol thng trng (hoc La gim th) n Si trng.
(Ch Dng Capo phm 5 m n nhng hp m ca gia nh G th cng tng t
nh m bi ht cung Do trng . Tuy nhin cc hp m n v tr ny s cao hn
nu n cung C khng dng Capo. Trong trng hp c 2 guitar cng m cho 1 ca s
th 1 cy m Do trng khng Capo , cn cy kia m Sol trng vi Capo bc 5,
nghe s rt hay)
Ni chung li th ch cn nm 6 hp m trong gia nh cung Do trng v thm vo 3 hp
14
m mi l G, D7v Bm , tt c l 9 hp m, th bn c th m c tt c, bt chp ca s
c kh tnh, thay i tng ln xung th no i na
Tr li hai th d u bi:
1. Ca s i ht Ma Hng cung Mi trng >>>> Kp Capo phm 4 v n 6
hp m ca gia nh Do trng ( m bn thuc lng, hoc ghi trn giy ri )
2. Ca s i ht Ma Hng cung A trng >>>> Khng th n Do trng m
ko Capo xung, bn s lp Capo phm 2, ri n bi nhc xem nh cung Sol trng
(G). Khi thnh tho ri , bn c th nhn vo bi nhc u tin vi cc hp m vit cho
cung Do trng m trong tr lp tc m ln 5 nt. iu ny khng kh, v nu mun
tp c cho nhanh th bn nn chu kh luyn thm mt cu ... thn ch khc l ...
Do Mi Sol / Re Fa La /Mi Sol Si / Fa La Do / Sol Si Re / La Do Mi, Si Re Fa
Ni chung l tp c cc nt trong m giai thnh tng nhm 1-3-5 ... cho tht nhanh
Khng nhng thn ch ny s gip bn chuyn cung (nh trong th d trn) m cn s
gip ch rt nhiu khi xc nh tn cc hp m
Tm li nu phi m cho 1 ca s ht t xut 1 bi cung trng du cho khng c nhc
bn trc mt th bn c th lm nh sau:
1. Th do bi y cung Do trng, do 6 hp m trong gia nh C . Nu ca s thy
OK th tt qu
2. Nu ca s cho rng Do trng qu thp v i ln cao th ch vic dng Capo. Gin
d qu !
3. Nu ca s i ht thp hn th chuyn qua cung Sol trng , do 6 hp m trong
gia nh G ri dng Capo nu cn!
Cho n gi , chng ta vn cn bn v l thuyt cho bn tay tri, ngha l lm sao tm
hp m cho 1 bi nhc Vit gin d. C l nh vy cng tm bt u bc qua
phn k thut cn bn cho tay mt.
15
1.5 Hp m 7 v sus 4
Ti xin vit tip v 2 loi hp m cho bn tay tri cc bn c thm vi bu bi na,
trc khi chuyn qua mc k thut cho bn tay mt.
1.5.1 Hp m 7
Trong nhng bi trc cc bn bit dng lut 1-4-5 tm 6 hp m cn bn m cc
bi nhc Vit ph thng. Vi mt bi nhc cung (ch m) Do trng (C) th 6 hp m
ny l C, F, G , Am, Dm, E . y l nhng hp m c to bi 3 nt bc 1,3,5 ( hp
m C gm c Do, Mi, Sol, hp m F c Fa, La, Do v.v) .Nay nu thm 1 nt bc 7
th ta s c 1 hp m to bi 4 nt, th d G7 gm Sol, Si, Re, Fa .
Tnh cht ca hp m 7 ny ra sao v khi no th ta nn mang ra dng trong bi nhc?
Nghe mt hp m 7, ta s c cm gic khng thun tai, dng nh c mt ci g khng
n, cn phi gii quyt bng cch ngay sau tr v ch m th mi m tai.
m cc bn nhc Vit th cc bn ch cn dng hp m 7 to bc 5 ca m giai.
Th d trong b 6 hp m dng m cc bi nhc cung Do trng (hay La th), th ch
c 2 hp m c th chuyn qua hp m 7 l Sol7 ( hp m to bc 5 ca m giai Do
trng) v E7 (hp m to bc 5 ca m giai La th).
Nh th th trong ti bu bi m nhc ca bn trc y c 6 hp m, nay s c 8
hp m. Vi mt bi nhc cung Do trng (hay La th) nay s c C, F, G, G7 v Am,
Dm, E, E7.
Ni chung vi hp m 7, tm thi bn ch cn nh 3 im sau y:
1. Ch dng hp m 7 cho nhng hp m bc 5
2. Sau khi dng hp m 7 ( bc 5) th chuyn v ch m. Th d trong 1 bi nhc
cung C, sau khi dng G7 th chuyn v C ( hoc sau E7 th v Am) v thng dng cp
hp m ny ( G7 C hoc E7 Am) cui on nhc hay cui bi
3. Khi to hp m 7, nn nh l nt bc 7 ny phi cch ch m 1 cung . Th d: C7
gm Do-Mi-Sol-Sib >>> ch khng phi Si v Si cch Do ch c na cung .
Ghi ch: Sau ny khi i vo th nhc blues th cc bn s thy rng tt c cc hp m
cn bn u c chuyn thnh hp m 7 (ch khng ch hn ch nhng hp m bc 5
nh ni trn). Hp m 7 l loi hp m rt thng dng trong nhng th nhc tr hin
i v c rt nhiu loi nh Major 7th, Minor 7th, Minor/major 7th, Major 7th flat 5th,
Major 7th sharp 5th, 7th flat 5th,7th sharp 5th, Minor 7th flat 5th, Diminished 7th v.v...
m chng ta tm thi cha cn bn n
16
1.5.2 Hp m sus4
Hm trc c bn hi v sus4 nn nhn tin ti s mang ra bn y lun. Ch sus l
ch vit tt ca suspension ngha l treo l lng. Ly mt hp m 3 nt gm cc nt
bc 1-3-5 , ri thay v dng nt bc 3 m chuyn thnh nt bc 4 th c hp m
sus4. Th d C (Do-Mi-Sol) th Csus4 l Do-Fa-Sol.
Thng thng sau khi n 1 hp m sus4 th ngay sau bn cn v li vi hp m gc.
Chng hn nh cui 1 bi nhc cung Do trng, bn c th n Csus4 ri mi kt thc
bng ch m C.
Ngoi ra khi m nhc Vit, bn cng c th dng sus4 bc 5, thay th cho hp m
bc 5 cui mt phn ca on nhc. y sus4 s to mt cm gic l lng, ch i
trong tr ngi nghe, trc khi bn quay v vi ch m phn sau ca cu nhc. Mun
r iu ny, bn c th tm nghe bi Hn H ca Phm Duy m ti chuyn son cho
guitar (trong website http://hanvota.com/nhac ). Bi ny ti son cung Am, v dng
Esus4 cui phn n chm, trc khi chuyn sang Am phn sau l mt bin khc
(variation) n nhanh hn ...
sus4 cng nh mt s nhng hp m ... hoa l khc c dng trang im thm cho
phn ha m ca mt bi nhc phong ph hn. Trc mt, khi mi tp m nhc Vit th
nu khng dng nhng hp m ny cng chng sao c. Sau ny khi m kh hn ri th
chng ta s bn thm v nhng hp m ny.
17
PHN 2. K THUT TAY MT

2.1 Nguyn tc cn bn
Trc khi i vo chi tit v cc th loi m tay mt, ti xin trnh by mt vi iu cn
bn nhm mc ch gip cc bn c 1 ci khung (framework) sau ny c th m tay
mt cho mi bi ht:
2.1.1 Tm xem bi nhc thuc nhp g ?
Nhn vo 1 bi nhc, bn s thy cc dng nhc c chia thnh tng nhp , cch
nhau bi 2 vch nhp . Trong mi nhp s c mt s nt nht nh, c xc nh
sau b kha ni u bi nhc bi nhng con s nh 2/4 , 3/4 , 6/8 v.v
Cc con s trn (t s) nh 2, 3, 6 v.v.. cho bit trong mi nhp c bao nhiu phch,
tc l s a tay nh nhp (hoc ly chn p nhp) bao nhiu ln trong mi nhp.
Cc con s di (mu s) nh 4,8,16 v.vcho bit mi ln p nhp nh vy (mi
phch) th c gi tr l bao nhiu lu. Ly nt trn lm n v v mang ra chia 2, 4, 8 s
thy 1 trn = 2 trng = 4 en = 8 mc n . S 4 c ngha l nt en, v 8 l nt mc
n v.v...
Nh vy, nhp 2/4 c ngha l mi nhp c 2 nt en , 9/8 c ngha l mi nhp c 9
nt mc n v 12/8 s c 12 mc n trong 1 nhp. Tuy nhin trong thc t th khng
ai p nhp ht 6, 9, hay 12 ln trong mi nhp v nh vy s mi tay v r chn lm!
Do ngi ta ch ly tay nh nhp 2, 3 hay 4 ln trong mi nhp m thi. Nhng bi
nhc c s 2,3,4 ( nh 2/4 , 3/8 , 4/4 ) u thuc loi ny v c gi chung l nhp
n
Vi nhng bi m s nhp c t s ln hn 2,3 hay 4 ( nh 6/8, 9/8 , 12/8) th y l
nhng nhp kp, v mun tm nhp n tng ng th dng lut trn chia 3, di
chia 2 . Th d, vi nhp 6 / 8 th 6 chia 3 bng 2 >>> 2 phch , v 8 chia 2 bng 4 >>>
nt en. Bi ny c 2 phch, mi phch c gi tr 1 nt en chm ( 1 en + 1 mc n
hay bng 3 nt mc n) . Ch n t s th bi nhc 6/8 thuc nhp 2, v tng t
9/8 thuc nhp 3 , 12/8 thuc nhp 4 phch
Tm tt : Bc u tin l cn tm xem bi nhc (hay on nhc) thuc nhp 2, 3, hay 4.
2.1.2 nh s ln khy trong 1 nhp
Khi dng tay mt n, ta c th khy n bng 1 ngn (ci, tr, gia hoc p t : p
i m - a) hoc nh tri mt nhm nt. Hy tm thi gi mi ln n nh vy l 1
khy (stroke) .
Vi mt bi thuc nhp 2 th ta c th n 2 khy trong mi nhp. Th d nh trong
khi tay tri bm mt hp m (C) th tay mt c th n vi cch nh sau:
a)
tri - tri ( dng ngn ci nh tri 2 ln)
18
b)
ci - tri ( dng ngn ci nh nt bc 1 ca hp m - ri sau nh tri
c)
p ima ( sau khi n phch 1 bng ngn ci , n tip dy 1,2,3 bng 3 ngn tr,
gia, p t)
Nu n mt cch t u n cui m khng thay i nh vy th nghe cng chn, do
bn c th tng s khy trong 1 nhp ln gp i ( nhn hai) khy 4 ln trong
mi nhp v m tay mt nh sau:
a)
b)
c)
pima
p i - ma - i
p ima ima - ima
Tng t, bn c th tng s khy trong mi nhp ln gp ba ( nhn 3) khy 6

ln trong mi nhp v m nh sau:
a)
pim ami
Tm tt: vi mt bi nhp hai, bn c th khy 2 , 4 hay 6 ln trong mt nhp . Tng
t, vi nhp ba th c th khy 3,6,9 ln trong 1 nhp, v vi nhp 4 th c th khy
4,8,12 ln
Nhng bi nhp 2 thng l nhng hnh khc v li m tay mt rt gin d nh trnh
by th d trn
Nhng bi nhp 3 thuc loi lun v (valse) v cch m tay mt cng rt gin d nh ta
s thy trong th d phn m cho bi THU VNG ca Cung Tin s trnh by sau
Nhng bi thuc nhp 4 rt a dng v gm hu ht nhng th loi thng dng m ta s
ln lt bn n trong nhng bi k tip.
kt thc bi u tin trong phn k thut tay mt ny, tm tt th bn cn nh cc
im sau y:
1. Trc khi m, hy nhn xem bi nhc thuc nhp 2, 3 hay 4
2. Mi nhp s c 3 cch m t chm n nhanh ( khng i, nhn 2, nhn 3) vi s
khy trong mi nhp tng t bng s phch (khng i) ln gp i (nhn 2) hoc gp
ba (nhn 3)
3. Khi m mt bi nhc th cn thay i li m theo 1 trong 3 cch ni trn cho linh
ng. Thng nn bt u bi vi cch chm (khng i) ri dn dn i ln nhanh hn
( nhn 2 hoc nhn 3) khi qua ip khc v tr li chm ht.
Ta hy nhn vo th d m bi THU VNG l mt bi nhp 3 (valse) phn sau
19
2.2 m iu VALSE-THU VNG (Cung Tin)

Trong phn ny ti s chn bi THU VNG ca Cung Tin lm th d.
2.2.1 Li Ca
on 1
Chiu hm qua lang thang trn ng
Hong hn xung chiu thm mun hng
Chiu hm qua mnh ti bng khung
C ma thu v t vng vng vng
on 2
Mt mnh i lang thang trn ng
Bun hiu ht v nh bng khung
Lng xa xi v su mnh mng
C nghe l vng no n ri khng?
on 3
Ma thu vng ti l ma l vng ri
V l vng ri khi tnh thu va khi
Nht l vng ri xem mu l cn ti
Nghe chng nh y mu t ti
on 4 a
Chiu hm qua lang thang trn ng
Nh nh bun bun vi chn chng
on 4 b
Chiu hm nay tri nhiu my vng
C ma thu vng bao nhiu l hng
2.2.2 Hp m cho tay tri - Ch m Sol trng ( G )
on 1
GGGG
GGGD
GGGG
DDDGG
on 2
GGGG
GGGD
GGGG
20
D D D7 G G
on 3
C -CGG
DDGG
CCGG
A A7 D D7
on 4
GGGG
GGCD
GGGG
D D D7 G G
2.2.3 Cch m tay mt
on 1
p ima ima
(Dng cch m cn bn : bi nhp 3 > n 3 khy )
on 2
p i ma i ma i
(nhn i s phch khy 6 ln trong 1 nhp)
on 3
pimami
(vn nhn i s phch, nhng n arpeggio)
on 4a
tr v nh on 1 : p ima ima
on 4b
tr v nh on 2 : p i ma i ma i
Ghi Ch :
m u bi m th bn c th dng cc cch gin d nh sau:
1. C th m cn bn cc hp m G D G
2. C th dng phn m cui bi ca on 4b
chm dt th bn c th n li 2 cu nhc cui (on 4b)
MIDI files ca bi THU VNG:
Nghe bi nhc:
21
Bn no cha bit bi ny c th nghe qua MIDI file sau y:

http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/thuvang-nhac.mid
Chiu (G) hm qua (G) lang thang (G) trn ng (G)
Hong (G) hn xung (G) chiu thm (G) mun hng (D)
Chiu (G) hm qua (G) mnh ti (G) bng khung (G)
C (D) ma thu v (D) t vng (D) vng vng (G)
Mt (G) mnh i (G) lang thang (G) trn ng (G)
Bun (G) hiu ht (G) v nh (G) bng khung (D)
Lng (G) xa xi (G) v su (G) mnh mng (G)
C (D) nghe l vng (D) no n (D7) ri khng (G)
Ma (C) thu vng ti (C) l ma (G) l vng ri (G)
V (D) l vng ri (D) khi tnh (G) thu va khi (G)
Nht (C) l vng ri (C) xem mu (G) l cn ti (G)
Nghe (A) chng nh y (A7) mu t ti (D) (D7)
Nh (G) nh bun (G) bun vi (C) chn chng (D)
Chiu (G) hm nay (G) tri nhiu (G) my vng (G)
C (D) ma thu vng (D) bao nhiu (D7) l hng (G) (G)
Phn m cho mi on nh sau:
on 1:
p ima ima
Dng cch m cn bn : nhn 1 cho 1 bi nhp 3 = n 3 khy cho mi nhp
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/thuvang-main1.mid

Hong (G) hn xung (G) chiu thm (G) mun hng (D)
Chiu (G) hm qua (G) mnh ti (G) bng khung (G)
C (D) ma thu v (D) t vng (D) vng vng (G)
22
on 2:
p i ma i ma i
nhn 2 s phch khy 6 ln trong 1 nhp
Mt (G) mnh i (G) lang thang (G) trn ng (G)
Bun (G) hiu ht (G) v nh (G) bng khung (D)
Lng (G) xa xi (G) v su (G) mnh mng (G)
C (D) nghe l vng (D) no n (D7) ri khng? (G)
on 3:
pimami
vn nhn 2 s phch, nhng n arpeggio
Ma (C) thu vng ti (C) l ma (G) l vng ri (G)
V (D) l vng ri (D) khi tnh (G) thu va khi (G)
Nht (C) l vng ri (C) xem mu (G) l cn ti (G)
Nghe (A) chng nh y (A7) mu t ti (D) (D7)
on 4a:
tr v nh on 1 : p ima ima
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/thuvang-main4a.mid
Nh (G) nh bun (G) bun vi (C) chn chng (D)
on 4b:
tr v nh on 2 : p i ma i ma i
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/thuvang-main4b.mid
23
Cu do n:
D nht l do n vi chui hp m cn bn theo cch nhn 1
G - D - G - G
Tuy nhin bn c th dng 2 cu nhc cui cng m u:
kt thc, bn cng c th n li cu cui
V nh vy th trn bi m c th nghe ra nh sau:
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/thuvang-all.mid
24
2.3 m nhc cng ng-BN I HIU QUNH (Trnh Cng Sn)

Trong phn trn, ti nu ra vi im cn bn v phn m tay mt. Ni tm tt l bn
cn a) xem bi nhc thuc nhp 2, 3 hay 4 v b) Nhn s nhp 1, 2, hay 3 ln s c 3
cch m chn. Sau chng ta cng p dng nhng quy lut ny m 1 bi
valse (nhp 3) gin d (Thu Vng ca Cung Tin) .
Sau khi nm c ci sn cn bn ny th chng ta c th bt u thay i, thm
bt cht t cho phn m n c linh ng hn. Sau y chng ta hy dng bi
BN I HIU QUNH ca Trnh Cng Sn lm th d:
Bi ny vit cung Re th (Dm), nhp 2/2 (2 du trng trong 1 nhp >>> nhp 2) gm
c 4 on chnh v on u nh sau:
Mt (Dm) ln cht nghe (Dm) qu qun (C) ti xa (F)
Ging (A) ngi gi ti (A) nghe ting (A7) rt nhu m (Dm)
Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F)
Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi ht (A7) bao gi (Dm)
Cch m ca 3 on sau cng nh vy ngha l:
Dm Dm C F
A A A7 Dm
Dm Bb* C F
Dm Bb* A7 Dm
( Ghi ch : Nu cha quen n hp m Bb, c th tm thi thay th bng Dm y)
Li ca ca 3 on k l
*****
Ri mt ln kia khn gi i xa
Tng rng c qun thng nh ni qu nh
Lng tht bnh yn m sao bun th
Git mnh nhn ti ngi khc bao gi
ng no qunh hiu ti i qua
ng v tnh ti c nng rt la
ng tht lng yn lng khng g nh
Git mnh nhn quanh ph xa l
25
ng no du ti i n cn say
Mt ln nm m ti thy ti qua i
D tht l ri lng khng bun my
Git mnh tnh ra nng ln ri
ip Khc :
Hm hm hm hm hm ( 2 ln )
m : Dm C C Dm (2 ln)
Cch m tay mt
y l 1 bi thuc nhp chn (nhp 2 hoc 4 - khc vi nhp l: nhp 3 bn k ri ). Ta
c th dng cch nhn 2 m ton bi ny, nh th mi ln m 1 hp m nh
vit trn (mi nhp dng 1 hp m) th s khy 4 ln.
Nu theo ng sch v m m p i m a t u n cui bi th nghe rt u n,
khng g c sc. Do tuy dng mt cch duy nht l nhn 2 c 4 khy trong
mt nhp, ta c th dng 4 li sau y m (th d n hp m Dm m 1 nhp)
1 (dng ngn ci hay ngn tr nh tri)
m 1
E-----1----------1-----1------B-----3----------3-----3------G-----2----------2-----2------D----- 0----------0-----0------A------------------------------E-------------- ----------------2 (dng cc ngn p i - am i )

m 1
E-----------------1-------------B-----------------3-------------G-----------2----------2--------D-----0-------------------------A----- ---------------------------E---------------------------------Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/
26
3 (dng cc ngn p i am p)
m 1
E-----------------1-------------B-----------------3-------------G-----------2-------------------D-----0----------------0--------A----- ---------------------------E---------------------------------4 (dng cc ngn p i am)

m 1
E-----------------1-------------B-----------------3-------------G-----------2-------------------D-----0-------------------------A----- ---------------------------E---------------------------------Tm tt bi m:
Do n : C th dng 2 cu ip khc Dm-C-C-Dm (2 ln) v m theo li 1
on 1: m theo li # 1
on 2: # 2
on 3: # 3
on 4: # 4
ip khc & Kt : m theo li 1
Mt im nh cn ghi nh l khi n mi hp m th bn nn n nt bass (ngn ci) l
nt ch m. Dm th bt u bng nt Re (D), hp m Do trng ( C ) th bass l nt Do (
C ) v.v..
Phn tch :
Tuy ton bi c m theo cch nhn 2 ngha l s c 4 khy trong mi nhp, ta
27
c th ngn di 1 khy (li 1 v 3). Nu vit theo k m th l en mc-mc (li 1)

hoc mc-mc-en (li 2) . Thm vo , mi khy th khng hn ch n bng 1
ngn (nh p-i-m-a) m c th l 2 ngn cng lc (ma), 3 ngn (ima), hoc nh tri. Sau
ny cc bn s hc thm v cch chy bass, i nt mt vi khy trong hp m l
bi m s nghe thay i khc rt c bit.
Tt c nhng kiu m thng dng trong nhc Vit nh Rumba Bolero, Slow Rock v.v
nh ta s thy trong nhng bi sau, u l nhng bin th t ci sn bn n ni
y
Sau khi nm vng c ci sn cn bn ny ri th bn nn th nghim v thay
i, thm bt theo cch ni trn tm ra nhng cch m mi, to thnh cch m c
bit cho ring mnh. B quyt chn la l ch cn da vo tai mnh sao cho nghe hay l
c.
Sau ny, khi chn nghe cc hp m v tr cn bn ni u cn n, bn nn hc
thm nhng th bm khc ca cng hp m v tr khc trn cn n ...
MIDI files ca bi BN I HIU QUNH:
Nghe bi nhc:
Bn no cha bit bi ny c th nghe qua MIDI file sau y:
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/bendoi-nhac.mid
Bi ny c 4 phn lp li ging nhau
Phn m cho mi on nh sau:
on 1:
tri - ngh - tri - tri
Dng cch m cn bn : nhn 2 cho bi nhp 2 = n 4 khy cho mi nhp . Tuy
nhin y th ta ngh khy 3
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/bendoi-main1.mid
28

ip Khc
Sau mi on th ht ip khc
m : p - tri - tri - tri
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/bendoi-dk.mid
H m (Dm) ... hm (C) ... hm (C) ... hm ... hm ... hm (Dm)
Hm (Dm) ... hm (C) ... hm (C) ... hm ... hm ... hm (Dm)
on 2:
p i am i
vn nhn 2 s phch khy 4 ln trong 1 nhp
Ri (Dm) mt ln kia (Dm) khn gi (C) i xa (F)
Tng (A) rng c qun (A) thng nh (A7) ni qu nh (Dm)
Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi khc (A7) bao gi (Dm)
on 3:
p i am p
tng t nh trc, nhng lp li ngn ci
ng (Dm) no qunh hiu (Dm) ti (C) i qua (F)
ng (A) v tnh ti (A) c nng (A7) rt la (Dm)
ng (Dm) tht lng yn (Bb) lng khng (C) g nh (F)
Git (Dm) mnh nhn quanh (Bb) ph (A7) xa l (Dm)
29
on 4:
Cng vn l 4 khy nhng khi qua khy 4 th ngh
p i am - ngh
ng (Dm) no du ti (Dm) i n (C) cn say (F)
Mt (A) ln nm m (A) ti thy (A7) ti qua i (Dm)
D (Dm) tht l ri (Bb) lng khng (C) bun my (F)
Git (Dm) mnh tnh ra (Bb) nng (A7) ln ri (Dm)
Cu do n
C th dng cu ip khc do n
V nh vy th trn bi m c th nghe ra nh sau:
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/bendoi-all.mid
In tro : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm
K : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm
Ri (Dm) mt ln kia (Dm) khn gi (C) i xa (F)
Tng (A) rng c qun (A) thng nh (A7) ni qu nh (Dm)
Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi khc (A7) bao gi (Dm)
30
ng (Dm) no qunh hiu (Dm) ti (C) i qua (F)

ng (A) v tnh ti (A) c nng (A7) rt la (Dm)
ng (Dm) tht lng yn (Bb) lng khng (C) g nh (F)
Git (Dm) mnh nhn quanh (Bb) ph (A7) xa l (Dm)
ng (Dm) no du ti (Dm) i n (C) cn say (F)
Mt (A) ln nm m (A) ti thy (A7) ti qua i (Dm)
D (Dm) tht l ri (Bb) lng khng (C) bun my (F)
Git (Dm) mnh tnh ra (Bb) nng (A7) ln ri (Dm)
K & Kt : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm Dm
31
2.4 m iu SLOW-MA HNG (Trnh Cng Sn)

Trong nhng bi trc, chng ta bn v cch m nhng bi nhp 3 (Valse, Boston)
v nhc cng ng - nhp 2, hm nay ti s vit v mt li m tng qut rt thng dng
vi cc bi nhc Vit, nht l m nhng bi nhc Trnh Cng Sn, c tit iu Slow
du dng.
y l nhng bi nhc thuc nhp c 2 hay 4 phch v chng ta s p dng li m
nhn 3 ngha l s nh 3 khy cho mi phch. Hy tr li vi th d m bi
MA HNG nh sau:
Xem li bi trc, nhng hp m tay tri trong bi l:
C Am F G7 G7 F G7 C G7 G7
C Am F G7 C G7 C G7 C C
C Am F G7 Em Am F
Dm Dm G7 C C
C Am F G7 G7 F G7 Am Dm G7
C Am F G7 C G7 C G7 C C
Cch m chnh cho tay mt:
Bi ny c th m ton bi theo cch cn bn nhn 3 nh sau:
1 (dng cc ngn p i - m a - m - i )
Hp m Do trng (C)
m 1
E------------------------0-----------------B-----------------1--------- --1-----------G-----------0-----------------------0-----D------------- -----------------------------A-----3------------------------------------E------------------------------------------Ni chung th vi mi hp m, ta s dng ngn ci n nt bass mang tn ch m, ri

sau dng 3 ngn i,m,a n 3 dy trn.
do n th c th m tay mt theo cch trn v n vi hp m cn bn nh :
32
1)
C G7 C
hoc
2)
C Am F G7
hoc dng cu kt
3)
C Am F G7 C
G7 C G7 C
Sau tip theo phn chnh ca bi nhc :

Mang gi LN (G7)
- (G7)
Hn mun TRNG (C) (C)
IP KHC
33

M hng H (C) - (C)
Sau khi nm vng cch m cn bn trn y, mun lm cho phn m phong ph
hn th c my cch nh sau y:
1.Thay i cch m on IP KHC
Vn dng cch nhn 3 c 6 khy cho mi hp m, nhng nay ta s n 4 khy
u v khng n 2 khy 5 & 6.
Dng p - p - i - ma
m 1
E------------------------0-----------------B------------------------1-- ---------------G-----------------0------------------------D----------- 2------------------------------A-----3------------------------------------E------------------------------------------(Ghi nh: H mi ln ht ch HOA th phi nhp vi phn m u mi hp m,

dng ngn ci)
Hoc :
nh tri 4 khy bng ngn ci
m 1
E-----0-----0-----0------0-----------------B-----1-----1-----1------1-- ---------------G-----0-----0-----0------0-----------------D-----2----- 2-----2------2-----------------A-----3-----3-----3------3-----------------E--------------------------------------------Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/
34
2. Chy BASS
Mt cch th hai thng hay dng thay i khng kh l li chy bass. Ni vn
tt th khi m, ta c th thay th tri cui ca mt hp m bng mt nt bt cu
a n nt bass ca hp m k tip. Nt bt cu ny c th cao hay thp hn ty thuc
vo nt bass ca hp m trc.
Th d trong bi Ma Hng c 3 hp m i lin nhau : C Am F th trc khi qua Am,
ta n khy 6 ca hp m trc l nt chy bass Si (B). Sau trc khi qua hp
m F , ta chy bass vi nt Sol (G) .
Kt qu s nh sau:
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
E-----------------0---------------------0-------------------------1----B-------------1------1--------------1------1-----------------1------1-G---- -----0---------------------2-------------------------2------------D-------- ---------------------------------------------------------------A-----3----- ------------2---0------------------------------------------E--------------- --------------------------------3---1-------------------Tng t nh vy, nu hai hp m k nhau l Am C th nt chy bass s l Si (B)
khi n th s nghe cc nt bass l A - B - C nh tng bc thang ln xung u n
rt m tai.
Sau ny khi n kh hn, bn c th th chy bass 2 nt bng cch thay th khy 5
v 6. Th d t Am qua C , thay 2 khy 5 & 6 ca Am bng hai nt A, B v khi n
th s nghe l A --- A-B-C ---Cch m SLOW ny c th dng m nhng bi SLOW ROCK, tuy nhin nu mun
nghe cho ng mi Slow Rock th phi n mt n v khng phi gm 6 khy m
l 12 khy nh sau:
m 1 2 3
5 6
9 10 11 12 1
E---------0---0---0---0-----------0---0--------------------B---------1- --1---1---1-----------1---1-------------------G---------0---0---0---0------ 0----------------------0------D--------------------------2----------------1 ---2-----------A-----3------------------------------------------------- -3-E-----------------------------------------------------------Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/
35
Ghi ch:
Bi ny thuc nhp 2 ( c 2 phch trong mi nhp ) v mnh dng cch " nhn 3 " do
mi nhp s lun lun c 6 "khy"
on u th mnh n c 6 khy, tuy nhin khi qua ip khc, tuy vn khy 6 ln trong
mi nhp, th ch n 4 "khy" u m thi . Khi m qua khy 5 v 6 th khng n (
nh c du lng 2 khy ny)
Nh vit, sau tm ra s phch trong mi nhp ca 1 bi nhc , ta c th chn 1 trong
3 cch l : nhn 1 , nhn 2, hoc nhn 3 tm ra s phch trong mi nhp ca bi nhc
ny. Ta c th m bi Ma Hng bng cch " nhn mt " , ngha l mi nhp ch cn
nh tri hp m 2 ln ( cch ny d n nht ) . Kh hn th dng "nhn 2 " v kh hn
na l cch "nhn 3". S d bi ny ti ngh chn cch "nhn 3" mt phn cng v
trong bi nhc c nhiu nhm 3 nt (lin ba) cho mi phch.
Khi qua ip khc th mnh cn thay i cch m " thay i khng kh" . Mun i
qua cch "nhn 2" m on ny cng c, khng ai cm . Tuy nhin nu m on
u "nhn ba" ri sang on ip khc li "nhn hai" th bi nhc s chm li. Thng
thng ip khc l on "cao im", do mnh phi m sao cho dn dp hn . V
vy m ti ngh cch vn gi "nhn 3 " nhng nh 4 tri ri ngh 2 tri . Khi nh 4
"tri" c th theo cch p - i - m - am -ngh - ngh , hoc c th dng ngn ci khy ton
hp m 4 ln ri ngh - ngh
Khi thy 2 hp m ghi lin nhau , nh (C) - (C) , th y c ngha l n cui cu nhc
nn ca s ngn di ri ngh ly hi qua on sau . Ti y mnh phi m thm 1
nhp vi hp m th nh ghi
Vit thm v chy bass :
Ly th d chui 3 hp m Am - C - D ( m bi House of the Rising Sun) v ch ti
nhng nt m ca 2 hp m Am v C.
Theo cch m cn bn th :
Am s n A - A - C - E - C - A ( dy 5-3-2-1-2-3 )
C s n C - G - C - E - C - G
(dy 5-3-2-1-2-3)
C th "chy bass" bng cch:

1) Thay th "khy" 6 (nt A dy 3) bng nt B (bm 2, dy 5)
36
2) Thay th "khy" 5 v 6 ngha l i 2 nt C (dy 2) v A (dy 3) trn, bng A (khng

bm, dy 5) v B ( bm 2, dy 5)
Bn c th nghe th d khng chy bass v 2 th d chy bass sau y:
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/chaybass.mid
nh ri hp m:
Mun nh ri th c nhiu cch, gin d nht l dng ngn ci hoc ngn tr . Ngoi ra
bn cn c th :
a) Dng ngn ci nm vo ngn tr theo kiu qut tr .
b) Dng ming khy n (mediator) cm gia ngn ci & ngn tr
c) Dng 2 ngn tr hoc rasguedo (k thut flamenco) : nh tri bng cc ngn t-a-m-i
t dy 6 n dy 1 v.v
Tt c cc cch trn y u ty thuc vo bi nhc mnh cn m. Chng hn nh khi
phi m cho mt nhm bn b hp ca mt bi nhc hng nh Ni Vng Tay Ln th
khng th no dng li finger picking p-ami v.v v ting n s b t mt. Lc y
bn cn nh ri tht mnh bng cc cch a,b,hay c trn y
MIDI files cho bi MA HNG
1)Trn bi m
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/muahong-all.mid
INTRO : C - Am - F - G7 - G7
Mang gi LN (G7)
- (G7)
Hn mun TRNG (C) (C)
IP KHC
37

M hng H (C) - (C)
2) Chy Bass
Khi n li phn A 2 ( sau khi xong ip khc ) bn c th thm vo vi nt chy bass
nh sau:
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/muahong-chaybass.mid
3)Cu do n khc :
Thay v dng cu do n cn bn C Am F - G7 G7 , bn c th i thnh :
C G Am Em F G7 - C C v nghe ra nh sau:
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/muahong-intro1.mid
Bn cng c th dng chui hp m ny kt thc bi nhc
4)Cu do n c tu :
T chui hp m trn, bn c th thm vo vi nt ging chnh bin thnh 1 on c
tu dng do n v kt thc bi nhc nh sau:
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/muahong-intro2.mid
38
2.5 Phn Loi Cc Nhp iu

Qua mt s bi tp phn trn, cc bn thc s n mt s nhp iu thng dng, ch
c iu l chng ta cha gi tn nhng nhp iu ny m thi. Ly th d khi m bi
Bn i Hiu Qunh, th trong mt bi ny m cc bn bin i cch m t Slow,
qua Slow Fox, Swing v.v
Ti ngh rng cch hay nht l tm thi chia cch m cc bi nhc ra thnh 4 nhm:
1. Gia nh SLOW : Gm nhng bi nhp chn (2/2, 2/4, 4/4, 6/8 ) . Ty cch nhn
1, nhn 2 v ty tc nhanh chm, ngi ta s c cc nhp iu sau y: Slow, Slow
Fox, Blues, Swing, March , Fox trot, One Step, Two Step, Swing Fox, Boogie Woogie
(Jive) . Nu dng cch nhn 3 th s a n nhp Slow Rock. Chng ta s i vo chi tit
cc loi nhp iu ny sau
2. Gia nh VALSE : Gm nhng bi nhp l (3/4 v) . Ty n nhanh chm m ta
s c Boston, Valse Lente, Valse Musette. Nhn 3 th s c Serenade, dng nhp chi th
c Java v.v
3. Gia nh cc nhp khiu v thng dng: T nhm nhp chn ca gia nh Slow, nu
thay i tit tu, dng nhp chi th cng c th a n nhng nhp iu khiu v ny.
Tuy nhin tm thi d hc, ta hy xp nhng nhp iu ny vo 1 nhm ring, gm c
nhng iu nh : Rumba, Bolero, Tango, Habanera, Pasodoble,Rock, Twist v.v
4. Cc loi m khc: Phn ny gm nhng bi nhc vi phong cch m t do (th
d nh bi Tnh Ca ca Phm Duy th khng th m mt cch u n theo cc cch
phn loi nh trn m phi m theo li t do. Nhng bi nhc tr nh nhc c Huy
v.v.. cng c nhng cch m khc) Trong phn ny, c th chng ta cng s bn n
cch m nhc cao bi theo li dn ca M. Li m ny m a vo m nhc Vit
th e l khng hp, nhng khi c th gi th chng ta s ln lt bn n cho vui ca
vui nh !
Trn y i khi l chng trnh hc m trong thi gian ti. Trong nay mai ti s i
vo chi tit v nhng nhp iu trong gia nh SLOW.
39
2.5.1 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm SLOW

Nh ni phn trn, ty theo nhng thay i trong nhp m ta s c nhng nhp
iu mang tn khc nhau. Nhng thay i ny c th do
a) i tc ,
b) i s khy v p dng li nhn 1, nhn 2, nhn 3,
c) i cch chy bass,v.v..
Nhm SLOW l nhm thng dng nht gm nhng bi nhp chn (2/2, 2/4, 4/4, 6/8 ) .
Bt u vi cch nhn 1 (c 2 phch th khy 2 ln, 4 phch th khy 4 ln) :
NHN 1:
iu SLOW : Slow l nhp iu chm du dt v d n nht . Vi cch nhn 1, bn ch
cn nh tri (ri) mi phch mt ln ton b cc nt ca hp m. Tuy nhin thng
thng nghe cho hay th ngi ta hay ngt tri th hai, cho c 1 s cch bit mi
2 phch .
m Slow hp m Am.
m 1
2 ngt
4 ngt
E-----0-------0-------0-------0--B-----1-------1-------1-------1--G-----2-------2-------2-------2--D-----2-------2-------2-------2--A-----0-------0-------0-------0--E--- -------------------------------Ngt l lm cho hp m va n tt ting ngay. Nu vit thnh nt nhc th s l:

Phch 1: en
Phch 2: mc n + lng mc n .
Ngt l th hin ca du lng mc n ny
Nghe m iu Slow chui 4 hp m Am Dm E7 Am nh sau :
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/slow1.mid
SLOW FOX : Tng t nh SLOW nhng m nhanh hn
40
SWING : Tng t nh SLOW FOX nhng nhanh v nhn hn

BLUES : Tng t nh SLOW, nhng c th khng cn ngt phch hai, ngha l nh
tri 2 hp m u n, chm v m tnh day dt ! Thc s nghe ra th rt gn vi
SLOW
MARCH : Cng vn 2 phch nhng n mt cch mnh m, rn ri : p - tri p - tri
m 1
E-------------0---------------0--B-------------1---------------1---G-------------0---------------0--D-------------2---------------2---A-----3---------------3-----------E----------------------------------Ni chung l nhng nhp iu trn y u cng 1 gc t SLOW v ch khc nhau ch

n nhanh hay chm, du dng hay cng ci.
NHN HAI
Nhng nhp trn y c th n theo cch nhn hai, ngha l 1 phch s n 2 tri, v
cng t m ta s c vi bin th mi :
FOX TROT : Nhanh v nhp nhng hn FOX - Mi phch s n:
bass mc n + tri mc kp + ngh mc kp .
Thng vit nhp 2/4 - Xin nghe th d sau y:
ONE -STEP : Mang nhp MARCH ra m theo li nhn hai th nghe s bt cng ci,
m li nhp nhng nh FOX TROT. Thng vit nhp 2/4, mi phch n 2 nt mc
n : p + tri (khng ngt)
TWO -STEP : MARCH l nhp m qun hnh vit nhp chn 2/4 hay 4/4. Nay nu
mang ra n nhp kp 6/8 (cng c 2 phch) , mi phch gm : bass nt en + tri mc
41
n , th nhp hnh khc ny nghe s du v khoan thai hn.

SWING FOX : Vn t nhp iu 2 phch ca SLOW , nu kt hp phch u nhn 1,
phch sau nhn 2 th s nghe ra rt nhp nhng v nhn nhy. y l nhp iu SWING
FOX
SWING (nhanh) : mc nhn 1 ta c iu SWING chm gm tri en + tri mc
n + ngh mc n. Nay nu nhn 2 c :
Phch 1 : Tri mc n chm + tri mc kp
Phch 2 : Tri mc n + ngh mc n >> y l iu SWING (nhanh) .
>>>Nn ch l phch 1, khi nh tri mc kp th dng cch tri ngc ngha l
dng ngn tr nh tri t dy 1 n 6 rt nhanh. Thng thng lu nay mi ln ni nh
tri (ri) th ta n cc nt theo chiu t dy 6 n dy 1 (tri thun chiu)
Nghe m t nh trn tht rm r nhng nu nghe qua th d sau y th thc s khng
kh:
BOOGIE WOOGIE (JIVE) - Nu mang iu SWING ra n v li thm phn chy b
trm (bass) th ta s c nhp iu BOOGIE WOOGIE nhn nhp rn rng.
Trong th d sau y :
Khi m hp m G (2 nhp) th ngn ci chy bass: G B D E F E D B
Khi qua C ( 2 nhp) th ngn ci chy bass : C E G A Bb A G E
Trc khi chm dt :
1 nhp D th bass l D F# - A D ,
1 nhp C th bass l C E G C .
Dt hp m G
NHN BA
42
T iu SLOW, nu mi phch l 1 du en, nay nhn 3 (thnh ra lin ba mc n) th

ta s c SLOW ROCK . iu SLOW ROCK c th vit nhp 4/4 hay 6/8 ( 6 nt mc
trong 1 nhp) . Trong mt bi trc, ti trnh by v 2 li m SLOW ROCK cho
phn u v ip khc ca bi nhc ri, nn s khng nhc li y
Trc khi chm dt bi v nhm nhp iu SLOW, ti xin khuyn cc bn thc s khng
nn qu ch n phn hnh thc, tn cc nhp iu rc ri ni trn m thm nhc
u!
i vi cc bi nhc Vit, cm cy n trn tay, nhn vo 1 bi nhc nhp chn, bn ch
cn chn cc hp m tay tri sao cho m tai , ri th da trn nhng nguyn tc cn bn,
nhn 1, 2, 3 , ty sc n m bn c th ch bin t m bi nhc da theo cm xc
ca mnh. Nh vy th mi c thm yu t sng to v mi ln m s khc nhau ty
cm hng ca mnh
43
2.5.2 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm VALSE

Nhm VALSE gm nhng bi nhp ba, gin d hn nhm SLOW nhiu, v ch c vi nhp
iu, bin i t:
a) i tc ,
b) i s khy v p dng li nhn 1, nhn 2, nhn 3,
Bt u vi cch nhn 1 (c 3 phch th khy 3 ln) :
NHN 1:
iu VALSE : Bn ch cn nh :
Phch 1: ngn ci (p) nt bass mang tn hp m
Phch 2 & 3 : Tri ton b cc nt ca hp m.
Bn cng c th ngt tri th hai v th ba.
m VALSE hp m Am.
m 1
E-------------0-------0----B-------------1-------1----G-------------2-------2----D----------- ----------------A-----0---------------------E------------------------- --Nh ni trn, ngt l lm cho hp m va n tt ting ngay. Nu vit thnh nt
nhc th s l:
Phch 1: en
Phch 2 & 3: mc n + lng mc n .
VALSE MUSETTE : Tng t nh VALSE nhng m nhanh hn
BOSTON : Tng t nh VALSE nhng m rt chm
NHN HAI
44
Nhp VALSE trn y c th n theo cch nhn hai, ngha l 1 phch s n 2 tri,
mt nhp s n 6 tri. Ngi ta thng gi y l nhp VALSE LENTE (cng tng
t nh BOSTON theo cch nhn hai)
Trong bi THU VNG, ta m cch ny nh sau:
p i ma i ma i
NHN BA
Vi mi phch l 1 du en, nay nhn 3 (thnh ra lin ba mc n) th ta s c
SERENADE .
Trong th d sau y th cch m l :
P i m - p i m - p i m
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/serenade.mid
Tm tt li th gia nh VALSE ch c my iu trn y l chnh. Trong bi ti ti s

vit v nhm RUMBA .
45
2.5.3 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm RUMBA

Nhm RUMBA gm nhng iu nh RUMBA, BOLERO, MAMBO, CHA CHA CHA,
CALYPSO .. tuy nhin trong nhc Vit Nam th thng dng nht vn l RUMBA &
BOLERO. Do trong phn ny chng ta s bn n tit iu RUMBA cn bn v bin
iu thng dng nht l BOLERO
iu RUMBA : Thng vit nhp 4/4 v tay mt m theo li NHN HAI, ngha l s
c 8 khy trong mi nhp
m Rumba hp m Am nh sau:
m 1
E----------0-----0----------0-----0------------0------B----------1-----1----------1-----1------------1------G----------2-----2----------2-----2------------2------D------------------------------------- ------------------A-----0----------------0-------------------------------E------------------------------------------0-------------
T nhp iu chnh trn y, ta s c Rumba Lente, Rumba Argentina, Rumba Moderato

v.v... m chng s bn vo mt dp khc
iu BOLERO : Thng c vit nhp 2/2 (2 phch trong mi nhp) v cng c 8

khy trong mi nhp.
m Bolero hp m Am nh sau:
m 1
&
&
E----------0-----------0--------------0-----------0------B----------1-- ---------1--------------1-----------1------G----------2-----------2-------- ------2-----------2------D------------------------------------------------- ---------A-----0------------------------0--------------------------E-- - -----------------------------------------0-------------
46
BI TP: m bi NNG CHIU ca L Trng Nguyn.

Nghe midi bi ny ti link sau y:
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/nangchieu.mid
Li bi nhc v cc hp m trong bi nh sau:

Qua bn(G) nc xa(Em) l hoa v(C) chiu ... (D7)
Lnh lng(G) mm a(Em) trong nng la(Am) tha ... (D7)
Khi n(G) cui thn(C) chn bc khng(G) hn ... (G)
Nh sao(Am) l nh(D7) n ngi ngy(D7) th ... (D7)
Anh nh(G) trc y(Em) dng em gy(C) gy(D7)
Du dng(G) nhn anh(Em) i mt long(Am) lanh(D7)
Anh nh(G) bc em(C) khi nng vng(G) thm ... (G)
M em(Am) mu ng(D7) tc th nh(G) bay ... (G)
Nay anh v(Em) qua sn nng(Em)
chnh nh cu th(Em) tim ti t(Am)
chng bit by gi(D7)
ngi em gi(D7) duyn gh v u(G) ... (G)
Nay anh v(Em) nng du a(Em)
ging ht cu h(Em) thi ht a(Am)
hnh bng yu kiu(D7)
k hoa tm(Bm) bit u m tm(C) ... (D7)
Anh nh(G) xt xa(Em) di tre l (C) ng..... (D7)
Gn bun(G) nhn anh(Em) em ni: "Mn(Am) anh!"... (D7)
My lt(G) tht tri(C) khi nng vng(G) i ... (G)
Nh em(Am) du hin(D7) nng chiu ngng(G) tri... (G)
Thay v ch m 1 cch t u n cui nghe ra s rt chn tai, cc bn nn lun tm cch
bin i cc nhp m. Chng hn nh bi ny c th m theo 3 cch sau y:
1. Dng cho on A 1 , 4 cu u: m Bolero cn bn, nhng thay i 2 nt bass cui
m 1
&
&
47
E----------3-----------3--------------3------------3------B----------0- ----------0--------------1------------1------G----------0-----------0------ --------2------------2------D-------------------------------0-------------- ------------A----------------------------------------------1-----------E-----2----------------------------------------------------2. Dng cho on A 2 , 4 cu tip theo v 4 cu cui bi: m theo li nh tri:
m 1
&
&
E-----------------3------------------------------------------B--------- ----0----------0--------------------0-------------G---------0-------------- -------0--------------------0------D--------------------------------------- 0-------------------A------------------------------------------------------ ------E-----2------------------------------------------------------3. Dng cho on ip khc: m theo li ch dng ngn ci
m 1
^
3
V
4
V
E-------------------3------3-------------3-----3------3------B--------- ------0----------0-------------0-----0------0------G-------------0--------- ---0-------------0-----0------0------D-----------0------------------------- -------------------------A---------1--------------------------------------- -------------E-----2------------------------------------------------------- im quan trng nht y l du V . Bn nh du V ny bng cch dng ngn ci
khy ngc t di ln trn ( t dy 1 n dy 6)
Nghe midi phn m bi Nng Chiu :
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/bolero.mid
48
do n th bn c th dng cu cui hoc do chui hp m cn bn
49
2.5.4 m nhc dn ca M theo phong cch TRAVIS

Trong nhng phn trc, chng ta bn v cc cch m nhng bi nhc Vit ph
thng. Chng ny s gii thiu mt li m guitar rt ph thng, dng trong cc loi
nhc dn ca (folk), nhc ng qu (country) - hay c ngi cn gi l nhc "cao bi" - v
blues ca M.
Li m ny thng c gi l "Travis", theo tn ca Merle Travis, l mt trong nhng
cch m ph thng nht v nh hng ln n cc tay chi n ni ting ca M nh
Chet Atkins.
Li m ny tng i c n kh nhanh, vi cc nt bass lin tc i dy v vi nt
trn theo nhp chi (syncopated). Nh vy m n to nn mt cm gic thi thc mnh
v mt m thanh sng ng.
Nhiu ngi thng dng t "Travis" gi chung tt c nhng li m vi phn bass
lin tc i dy. Tuy nhin thc s th mu m cn bn nht ca Travis l nh sau:
m 1 2
E----------------------------------------B-----0-----------------------0---------G--------------------0------------------D---------------0------------------0----A----------------------------------------E-----3-------------------3-------------Bn c th xem score v nghe midi cch m Travis cng vi 13 cch m bin th ca
Travis ti link sau y:
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/travis-01.jpg
http://hanvota.com/nhac/guitar/dem/travis.mid
Trong nhng phn trc, chng ta bn v cc cch m nhng bi nhc Vit ph

thng. Chng ny s gii thiu mt li m guitar rt ph thng, dng trong cc loi
50
nhc dn ca (folk), nhc ng qu (country) - hay c ngi cn gi l nhc "cao bi" v blues ca M.
Li m ny thng c gi l "Travis", theo tn ca Merle Travis, l mt trong nhng
cch m ph thng nht v nh hng ln n cc tay chi n ni ting ca M
nh Chet Atkins.
Li m ny tng i c n kh nhanh, vi cc nt bass lin tc i dy v vi nt
trn theo nhp chi (syncopated). Nh vy m n to nn mt cm gic thi thc mnh
v mt m thanh sng ng.
Nhiu ngi thng dng t "Travis" gi chung tt c nhng li m vi phn bass
lin tc i dy. Tuy nhin thc s th mu m cn bn nht ca Travis l nh sau:
m 1 2
E----------------------------------------B-----0-----------------------0---------G--------------------0------------------D---------------0------------------0----A----------------------------------------E-----3-------------------3-------------Bn c th xem score v nghe midi cch m Travis cng vi 13 cch m bin th ca
Travis ti link sau y:
51
Ph Lc
Bng Hp m Thng Dng
52

Ly Thuyêt Ve Guitar Acoustic

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Ly Thuyêt Ve Guitar Acoustic

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Www. Ghita.

PHN 1: K THUT TAY TRI

FaceBook: Quc t Acoustic

PHN 2. K THUT TAY MT .................................................................................. 18

2.5.1 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm SLOW ............................................................................. 40

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

V trnh n guitar v cn bn l thuyt m nhc ca mi ngi u khc nhau, vit

PHN 1 :K THUT TAY TRI

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

1.1.2 Tm cc hp m trong bi nhc

Cha c th gi tm hiu su xa th nu mun tm 6 hp m chnh cho bi nhc, ta ch cn

Ba hp m theo ch m trng (cha & 2 con trai) : 1 4 5 (tt c u trng)

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

Th d: Tm 6 hp m dng trong bi nhc c 1 du thng b kha:

Bi ny c th thuc Sol trng (G) hay Mi th (Em)

Bi nhc bt u bng ch m v kt nhp cui bng ch m

ting ... ch thay i khng kh! Tuy nhin v ch m l La th nn lm g i na th

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

m giai Re trng nh th s mang 2 du thng b kha u bi nhc (Fa# v Do#) .

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

1.1.2.10 Nhng bc k tip

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

Bi ny thuc cung Do trng ( ch m l C). Theo nguyn tc gia nh 4 con v p

Mong em QUA (F) bao nhiu CHIU (G7)

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

Thc s th trc khi ra chin trng, bn cn hc thm 2 chiu sau y th mi c th

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

PHN 2. K THUT TAY MT

tri - tri ( dng ngn ci nh tri 2 ln)

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Tng t, bn c th tng s khy trong mi nhp ln gp ba ( nhn 3) khy 6

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2.2 m iu VALSE-THU VNG (Cung Tin)

Bn no cha bit bi ny c th nghe qua MIDI file sau y:

Chiu (G) hm qua (G) lang thang (G) trn ng (G)

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

2.3 m nhc cng ng-BN I HIU QUNH (Trnh Cng Sn)

E-----1----------1-----1------B-----3----------3-----3------G-----2----------2-----2------D----- 0----------0-----0------A------------------------------E-------------- ----------------2 (dng cc ngn p i - am i )

E-----------------1-------------B-----------------3-------------G-----------2----------2--------D-----0-------------------------A----- ---------------------------E---------------------------------Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

E-----------------1-------------B-----------------3-------------G-----------2-------------------D-----0----------------0--------A----- ---------------------------E---------------------------------4 (dng cc ngn p i am)

c th ngn di 1 khy (li 1 v 3). Nu vit theo k m th l en mc-mc (li 1)

Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi ht (A7) bao gi (Dm)

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

ng (Dm) no qunh hiu (Dm) ti (C) i qua (F)

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

2.4 m iu SLOW-MA HNG (Trnh Cng Sn)

Sau tip theo phn chnh ca bi nhc :

Ngi nm XUNG (C) nghe ting RU (G7)

C th "chy bass" bng cch:

2) Thay th "khy" 5 v 6 ngha l i 2 nt C (dy 2) v A (dy 3) trn, bng A (khng

Ny em KHC (C) chiu ma nh CAO (Am) - (F)

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

2.5 Phn Loi Cc Nhp iu

Hi Yu Guitar Acoustic- https://www.facebook.com/groups/loveguiitar/

2.5.1 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm SLOW

E-----0-------0-------0-------0--B-----1-------1-------1-------1--G-----2-------2-------2-------2--D-----2-------2-------2-------2--A-----0-------0-------0-------0--E--- -------------------------------Ngt l lm cho hp m va n tt ting ngay. Nu vit thnh nt nhc th s l:

SWING : Tng t nh SLOW FOX nhng nhanh v nhn hn

E-------------0---------------0--B-------------1---------------1---G-------------0---------------0--D-------------2---------------2---A-----3---------------3-----------E----------------------------------Ni chung l nhng nhp iu trn y u cng 1 gc t SLOW v ch khc nhau ch

n , th nhp hnh khc ny nghe s du v khoan thai hn.

T iu SLOW, nu mi phch l 1 du en, nay nhn 3 (thnh ra lin ba mc n) th

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