a.

b.
c.
d.
e.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

2. N2O4 phn li 20,0% thnh NO2 27oC v 1,00 atm. Hy xc nh (a) gi tr Kp; (b)
phn li ca
N2O4 ti 27oC v 0,10 atm; (c) phn li ca 69g N2O4 trong bnh 20 L 27oC.
3. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi thi ht 224 mL kh CO2 vo 200 mL dung dch NaOH
0,05M, bit axit cacbonic c pK a1= 6,35 , pK a 2 = 10,33 .
(trich file: HSG/DE THI HSG HOA LOP 11).
Cu I
(4 im)
1. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi trn ln 50,0 mL dung dch NH4Cl 0,200 M vi 75,0
mL dung dch NaOH 0,100 M. Bit Kb (NH3) = 1,8.10-5.
3. Xt phn ng tng hp amoniac : N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k)
450oC hng s cn bng ca phn ng ny l KP = 1,5.10-5. Tnh hiu sut phn ng tng
hp NH3 nu ban u trn N2 v H2 theo t l 1:3 v th tch v p sut h bng 500 atm.
1. Trn ln 7 mL dung dch NH3 1M v 3 mL dung dch HCl 1M thu c dung dch A. Thm
0,001 mol NaOH vo dung dch A thu c dung dch B.
(a) Xc nh pH ca cc dung dch A v B, bit K NH3 = 1,8.10-5.
(b) So vi dung dch A, gi tr pH ca dung dch B c s thay i ln hay nh ? Nguyn
nhn ca s bin i ln hay nh l g ?
1. Tnh th tch dung dch hn hp HCl, H2SO4 c pH = 1 cn dng pha vo 200 ml dung
dch
hn hp NaOH, KOH c pH = 13 thu c dung dch c pH = 2.
Cu 1. Tnh pH cc dung dch sau
Dung dch HCl 10-7M
Dung dch NaOH 10-7M
Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M bit pKa=4,75
Dung dch NH4Cl 0,1M bit pKb=4,75
Dung dch H3PO4 0,1M bit K1=7,6.10-3, K2=6,2.10-8, K3=4,2.10-13
Cu 2. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau
Hn hp CH3COOH 0,1M v CH3COONa 0,1M bit pKa(CH3COOH)=4,75
Nu thm 0,01mol HCl vo 1 lit hn hp trn th pH s thay i nh th no? Hy so snh khi cho
0,01 mol HCl vo 1 lit nc ct
Dung dch cha NH3 0,1M v KCN 0,1M. bit KHCN=4,47.10-10, =5,56.10-10
Trn 10 ml dung dch cha CH3COOH c pH=3,5 vi 10 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH= 11,5.
Tnh pH ca dung dch sau phn ng. ( Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton)
Dung dch NaHCO3 0,01M bit K1=10-6,35, K2=10-10,33
Cu 3. Dung dch X gm CH3COOH 1M v HCl 0,001M. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l (bit
pKa(CH3COOH)=4,75)
Cu 4. tan ca H2S trong dung dch HClO4 0,003M l 0,1 mol/l . Nu thm vo dung dch ny
cc ion Mn2+, Cu2+ sao cho nng ca chng bng 2.10-4M th ion no s kt ta di dng mui
sunfua, bit TMnS= 2,5.10-10, TCuS =6,3.10-36, K1(H2S)= 1,0.10-7, K2(H2S)=2,5.10-13
Cu 5. Dung dch bo ha H2S c nng 0,1M. Hng s phn li axit ca H2S l: K1(H2S)= 1,0.107
, K2(H2S)=2,5.10-13 . Mt dung dch A cha cc cation Mn2+, Ag+, Co2+ vi nng mi ion ban
u u bng 0,01M. Ha tan H2S vo dung dch A n bo ha v iu chnh pH =2 th ion no
kt ta sunfua. Bit TMnS= 2,5.10-10 , TCoS =4,0.10-21, = 6,3.10-50
Cu 6. Tm khong pH ti u lm tch kt ta CdS m khng c kt ta ZnS t mt dung dch
cha Cd2+ v Zn2+ c nng bng nhau v bng 0,02M bng cch lm bo ha lin tc H2S( nng
trong dung dch khng i bng 0,1M) cho bit TCdS=1,6.10-28,
TZnS= 2,5.10-22 , v H2S c K1(H2S)= 1,0.10-7, K2(H2S)=2,5.10-13

Cu 7. Tm khong pH ti u tch Ba2+ ra khi Sr2+ dng BaCrO4 t dung dch c cha
BaCl2 0,1M v SrCl2 0,1M vi thuc th K2Cr2O7 1M. Bit hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
Cr2O72- + H2O <->2HCrO4- K1=2,3.10-2
HCrO4- <-> H+ + CrO42-

K2= 3,4.10-7

V TBaCrO4=10-9,7 , TSrCrO4=10-4,4
Cu 8. FeS v CuS cht no c kh nng tan trong dung dch HCl bit. T FeS =5.10-8, TCuS =3,2.1038
, v H2S c K1(H2S)= 1,0.10-7, K2(H2S)=2,5.10-13
Cu 9. Thc hin phn ng sau: Fe3+ +2H2O -> Fe(OH)2+ + H3O+ . Ka ca Fe3+ l 10-2,2. Hi
nng no ca FeCl3 th bt u c kt ta Fe(OH)3 . Tnh pH ca dung dch bit rng
T Fe(OH)3= 10-38
LUYN HSG S 6
Cu 2: Cho H2S qua dung dch cha Cd2+ 1.10-3M, Zn2+1.10-2M cho n bo ha (CH2S=0,1M).
a/ C kt ta CdS v ZnS tch ra khng
b/ Nu c th kt ta no s xut hin trc .
c/ Khi kt ta th 2 xut hin th nng ca cation kim loi th nht bng bao nhiu?
Cho pTZnS = 23,8; pT CdS = 26,1. Coi s to phc hirxo(s thy phn) khng xy ra.
Bit trong dung dch bo ha H2S th

H+ + HS- k1= 10-7

H+ + S2- k2= 10-12,92

H2S
v
HS-

Cu 2: a/+ c CdS th phi c: [Cd2+].[S2-] > 10-26,1 => [S2-] > 10-26,1/10-3 > 10-23,1 (1)
+ c ZnS th phi c: [Zn2+].[S2-] > 10-23,8 => [S2-] > 10-23,8/10-2 > 10-21,8
(2)
2+ Ta phi tnh [S ] trong dd bit c kt ta khng.

H+ + HS-.
+ Ta c: H2S

Cb:
0,1
0
0
Cphn li: x
x
x
Ccb:
0,1-x
x
x
x.x
=>k1 =
= 10-7 => x = 10-4M.
0,1 x
+ Do ta c:

H+ + S2HS-

Cb:
10-4
10-4 0
Cpli:
y
y
y
-4
-4
Ccb: 10 -y
10 +y y
=> k2

k2= 10-12,92

y (10 4 y)
=10-12,92 => y = 1,2.10-13 = [S2-]
104 y

(3)

+ So snh (1,2,3) ta c kt lun:

c kt ta to thnh
kta ta CdS to ra trc.
c/ Khi ZnS bt u kt ta th: [S2-] = 10-21,8 mol/l => [Cd2+] =

10 26,1
10-4,3 mol/l.
10 21,8

M2+ + 2H2S (*)

Cu 2: Ta phi tnh K ca p: MS + 2H+

+ Nu K ln th p xy ra v ngc li. Theo gi thit ta c:


M2+ + S2MS

H+ + HSH2S

(1)

(2)

K1 .

H+ + S2- (3)
HS-
K2 .

+ xy c p (*) ta phi ly p (1) (2) (3). Do hng s cn bng ca p (*) = T.(K1)1

.(K2)-1.
+ ng vi FeS th K = 5.1014 p xy ra; ng vi CuS th K = 3,2.10-16 p khng xy ra.
Cu 2: 1/ C cn bng sau: N2O4 (k) = 2NO2 (k)
a/ Cho 18,4 gam N2O4 vo bnh kn dung tch 5,904 lt 27C. Lc cn bng, p sut ca hn hp
kh trong bnh l 1 atm. Tnh p sut ring phn ca NO2 v N2O4 lc cn bng?
b/ Nu gim p sut ca h lc cn bng xung cn 0,5 atm th p sut ring phn ca NO2 v N2O4
lc ny l bao nhiu? Kt qu c ph hp vi nguyn l Le Chtelier hay khng?
2/ A l dd HCl 0,2 M; B l dd NaOH 0,2 M; C l dd CH3COOH 0,2 M (c hng s axit Ka = 1,8 x
10 - 5).
a/ Tnh pH ca dd A, B, C. b/ Tnh pH ca dd X l dd to thnh khi trn dd B vi dd C theo t l
V=1:1
c/ Tnh th tch dd B (theo ml) cn thm vo 20 ml dd A thu c dd c pH = 10.
Cu 2: 1/ a/ N2O4 ban u = 0,2 mol. Ta c:

2NO2.
N2O4

Mol b: 0,2
Mol cb: 0,2-x

0
2x

s mol hh khi cn bng = 0,2 + x =

n NO2

5,904.1
x = 0,04 mol.
0, 082.300

2x
0, 08
1
2
.P
.1 = (atm) PN2O4 = (atm)
0, 2 x
0, 24
3
3
n hh
2/ a/ pH ca A =0,7; B = 13,3; C =

PNO2

.P =

Cu 2: 1/ Tnh pH ca cc dd sau:
a/ Dd H2SO4 0,1M. Bit pKa = 2 b/ Dd CH3COONa 0,4M. Bit Ka(CH3COOH) = 1,8.10-5.
Cu 2: 1/ 1/ Ta c: H2SO4 H+ + HSO4-.
Mol/l:

0,1

0,1

0,1

H+ + SO42-.
HSO4-

Mol/l b:

0,1

0,1

Mol/l p:

0,1+x

Mol/l cb: 0,1-x

=> Ka =

x (0,1 x )
= 10-2 => x = 0,00844 => [H+] = 0,1 + x = 0,10844 => pH = 0,965
0,1 x

CH3COOH + OH- c Kb = 10-14/Ka = 5,55.10-10.

b/ Ta c: CH3COO- + H2O

Mol/l b: 0,4
Mol/l pli: x

0
x

0
x

Mol/l cb:0,4-x

x2
=> Kb =
= 5,55.10-10 => x = 1,5.10-5 = [OH-] => [H+] = 6,67.10-10 => pH = 9,176
0, 4 x