Auto Truongbachviet

Trng Trung cp Bch Ngh
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CHNG I
PHN I
GII THIU AUTOCAD [':tou] [kd] 2007

(Computer-Aided Design [computer aide design] [km'pju:t] [eid] [di'zain] hoc Computer-Aided Drafting[computer aide 'dra- f-ting] [km'pju:t] [eid] ['dra:fti] v v thit k vi s tr gip ca my tnh) CC THAO TC CN THIT I.1.Khi ng AutoCAD 2007 khi ng AutoCAD 2007, ta c th thc hin theo cc cch sau: Double click vo biu tng trn mn hnh nn
Click theo ng dn Start\programs\Auto Desk\AutoCAD 2007 \ AutoCAD 2007 Mn hinh AutoCad khi mi khi ng
Ch : nu hp thoi Create New Drawing [kri:'eit] [nju:] ['dr:i] khng xut hin ta thc hin nh sau:Trn thanh Menu chn Tools\Options\System [tu:l] \ ['pn] \ ['sistm] Chn Show Startup dialog [ou] \ ['sta:tp] ['dailg] /Apply/ok. Hay nhp vo dng lnh (ga tr bin l 1 ) Command: filedia Enter new value for FILEDIA <1>: Thng thng chn Metric / Ok
['metrik] / [,o'kei]
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Mn hnh ha AutoCAD 2007
Menubar
Cross
Toolbar
Cursor Command
Graphics
UCSicon Status
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Graphics Area ['grfiks] ['eri]: vng thc hin bn v Menu Bar ['menju:] [b:]: thanh cha cc lnh File, Edit, View, Status Line ['steits] [lain]: dng trng thi (hin th cc trng thi nh :Grip [grip] ,Snap [snp], .) Command Line [k'm:nd] [lain]: dng lnh ( nhp cc mnh lnh v vo dng ny ) UCSicon : biu tng h ta Toolbar [tu:lb:] : thanh cng c ( cha nhiu biu tng, mi biu tng l lnh trong toolbar) Cross-hair [krs] [he]: giao im ca hai si tc theo phng X v Y Cursor : con chy Screen Menu [skri:n] ['menju:]: danh mc( theo mc nh danh mc ny khng m ). tt hay m thc hin nh sau: trn menu Bar chn Tool / Options / Display / chn Display screen menu [dis'plei] [skri:n] ['menju:] Ch : Ch in hoa : tn menu Ch u in hoa sau c du hai chm : tn lnh Ch u in hoa sau khng c du hai chm : tn la chn
( t dng n Screen Menu v khng thun tin ) I.2. Lu tr I.2.1. Lu bn v vi tn mi Khi m mt bn v mi v, ta nn t tn ngay, bng cch: * Trn thanh Menu : chn File\Save as * T bn phm : nhn t hp phm Crtl-Shift-S * T dng Command : g vo _saveas ( hoc saveas ) sau chn ng dn, th mc cn lu, t tn v chn save trong hp thoi
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Hnh 1.1 Hp thoi Save Drawing As I.2.2. Lu bn v c tn sn Trn thanh Standard Toolbar ['stndd] [tu:lb:]: click vo biu tng * T bn phm : nhn Ctrl + S * Trn thanh Menu : chn File\Save
* T dng Command : g vo save sau chn save trong hp thoi
I.3. Thot khi AutoCAD 2007 Ta c th thc hin theo cc cch sau: * Trn thanh Menu : chn File\Exit * T bn phm : nhn t hp phm Ctrl-Q hoc vo biu tng X bn gc phi mn hnh hay nhn t hp phm Alt + F4 * T dng Command : g vo ch Quit hay Exit I.4. Gii thiu hp thoi Startup
I.4.1. Chn Open a Drawing biu tng c sn

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I.4.2. Chn Start from Scratch [st:t] [frm] [skrt] biu tng chn Metric ['metrik] bn v mi c n v l mm v kch thc 420x297,chn Imperial [im'piril] n v c tnh l Inch c kch thc l 12x9
I.4.3. Chn Use a Template [ju:s] c sn ca AutoCad 2007
[ei] ['templeit]cho
php s dng bn v mu
Chn Use a Wizard [ju:s]
[ei] ['wizd]
bn t xc nh kch thc bn v
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Chn Advanced Setup / Ok [d'v:nst] ['setp] ( bn chn tun t nh trong hnh )
Hp thoi Advanced Setup ( Th Units ) Trong hp thoi Advanced Setup, th Units ['ju:nit] chn Decimal ['desiml] phn Precision [pri'sin] chn 0.00. Tip chn Next, th Angle ['gl] c dng
Hp thoi Advanced Setup ( Th Angle ) Chn nh trong hnh , tip chn next th Angle Mesuse ['gl]
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Hp thoi Advanced Setup ( Th Angle Measuse ) Th Angle Measuse chn hng ng ( East ), Tip chn next th Angle Direction ['gl] [di'rekn] direction
Hp thoi Advanced Setup ( Th Angle Direction ) Th ny chn chu quay : chn Counter Clockwise [counter clockwise] ['kaunt] ['klkwaiz] ngc chiu quay kim ng h chn Clockwise cng chiu quay kim ng h Tip chn next th Area ['eri]
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Hp thoi Advanced Setup ( Th Area ) Th ny chn kch thc kh giy v v nh giy ngang hay ng, sau chn Finish Chn Quick Setup [kwik] ['setp] I.4.4. Chn nhanh kch thc v n v trang v / Ok
Hp thoi Quick Setup xut hin, trong th Units n v bn v, sau khi chn xng bn chn next
['ju:nit]
hp thoi ny chn
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Hp thoi Quick Setup th Units Hp thoi Quick Setup th Are [:]chn kch thc trang v / sau khi chn bn Click vo Finish
Hp thoi Select File [si'lekt] [fail] ( Hp thoi open )
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PHN II GII THIU KHI QUT II. 1 Thanh tiu (Title bar) ['taitl][b:]: th hin tn bn v V tr ca Title bar nh hnh Nt iu khin mn hnh: nm bn tri hay bn phi thanh tiu nh Thanh tiu II . 2 Thanh trnh n (Menu bar) ['menju:] [b:]:( Th d trnh n Edit )
Chn trnh n Edit ['edit] Trn Menu bar c nhiu trnh n, nu ta chn mt trnh n no , th mt trnh n th (Full Down Menu) s hin ra ta chn lnh k tip. II . 3 Thanh cng c chun (Standard Toolbar) ['stndd ] [tu:lb:]
Thanh Standard Hin th thanh Standard bng cch: Right click vo mt biu tng trn thanh bt k, chn thanh cng c cn dng Th d nh hnh bn di
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Right click v tr bt k trn thanh Standard (th d ti v
II . 4 Thanh thuc tnh (Properties) ['prpti] Thanh thuc tnh Hin th thanh Object Properties bng cch: T Menu: chn View\Toolbars....Hp thoi Toolbar m ra: click vo Object Properties (nh hnh 1.13). II . 5 Dng lnh (Command line) [k'm:nd] [lain]
Dng lnh Ta thc hin lnh bng cch g t bn phm vo dng command ny. C th hin th s dng Command bng cch: * Co dn trc tip trn vng Command a chut vo cnh trn ca vng Command gi chut tri r c khong cch tu chn II . 6 Thanh trng thi (Status bar) ['steits] [ b:]
Thanh trng thi Cho ta bit ta im v trn thanh ny cng c cc ch SNAP [snp], GRID [grid], ORTHO, OSNAP, ... s cp sau. II . 7 Vng Menu mn hnh (Screen Menu) Vng Screen Menu cng c chc nng nh thanh Menu chnh v nu c hin th n s nm bn phi mn hnh AutoCAD. Hin th vng Screen Menu bng cch:
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T thanh Menu: chn Tools\Preferences ['prefrns]. Hp thoi Options m ra, chn Display. Sau click Display Screen menu
Scren Menu II . 8 Cc thanh cun (Scroll bars ) [skroul] Hin th cc thanh cun bng cch: T thanh Menu: chn Tools\Options. Trong hp thoi Options, chn th Display. Sau click chn dng Display Scroll bars in Drawing window
Hp thoi Options II . 9 Con tr (Cursor) v Vng v (Drawing Window)
con tr Cursor Cursor ['k:s]: th hin v tr im v trn mn hnh. Bnh thng cursor c dng hnh vung (box) v 2 ng thng trc giao (crosshair) ['k:s][he] ti tm hnh vung. Khi hiu chnh i tng, cursor c dng box iu chnh di hai si tc bng cch vo Tools \Options. Hp thoi Options m ra, chn Display sau g vo s ch d di hai si tc ( th d 50 ) trong khung Crosshair size['k:s][he][saiz]
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Vng v l vng ta s th hin cc i tng v.
II . 10 Thay i mu vng v Thay i mu vng v v Crosshair bng cch: Trn Menu bar vo Tools\Options. Trong hp thoi Options, chn Display. [dis'plei]
Chn Colors . Hp thoi Drawing Window Clors nh hnh (a,b) Context Chn 2D model space Interface element chn Unifrom background (thay i mu nn vng v), ri click vo Color chn mu ta thch sau chn Aplly & close. (Hnh a). Mu mc nh ca AutoCAD (Default Colors) [di'f:lt] ['kl] l mu en (black) V Context Chn Sheet / Layout Interface element chn Unifrom background , ri click vo color chn mu ta thch (Hnh.b) Sau chn Aplly & close.
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Hnh.a
Hnh.b
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CHNG II T CHC BN V
Khi khi ng AutoCAD, nh cp trong chng trc, hp thoi Creating New Drawing s hin ra, sau khi la chn mt trnh no , ta c th v ngay. Nhng tt nht l ta nn t tn v lu vo th mc. Sau : xc nh cc thng s cn thit cho bn v. V d: kch thc giy v, n v, t l ... c gi l t chc bn v. Cc bc t chc th hin nh sau : III.1. NH N V BN V T Pull-down Menu : Format / Units ['f:mt] / ['ju:nit]
[pul][daun] ['menju:]
T Command : units hoc (Ddunits) C 5 la chn n v o chiu di v 5 la chn n v o gc. o chiu di (Length) [le]: Type [taip]{kiu; loi} ( danh sch cc n v )Scientific [,sain'tifik] {khoa hc; c tnh khoa hc}, Decimal ['desiml] { thp phn}, Engineering [,endi'niri] { khoa hc hoc ngh nghip ca k s }, Architectural [,:ki'tektrl] { kin trc } v Fractional ['frknl] { phn s } ( TCVN chn Decimal ) Precision [pri'sin] ( danh sch chnh xc hoc s thp phn c ngha ta chn 0 hoc 0.0000 ) o gc(Angle) ['gl] : Decimal Degrees ['desiml] [di'gri:], Deg/Min/Sec. Grads, Radians v Surveyor [s:'vei] ( n v ca a chnh )Sau khi chn xong click Ok Thng thng n v o chiu di chn Decimant, n v o gc chn Deg/Min/Sec
III.2.
Hp thoi Drawing Units va hp thoi Direction Control Dng n v o chiu di (Units)
Hp thoi Drawing Units

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Architectural [,:ki'tektrl]: o theo foot v inch; phn inch th hin di dng hn s Decimal ['desiml] : o theo dng thp phn. Engineering [,endi'niri] : o theo foot v inch; phn inch th hin di dng thp phn Nu ta chn mt trong 2 dng Engineering v Architectural th AutoCAD xem 1 n v v (n v ta nhp vo) l 1 inch, ngha l khi ta nhp kch thc i tng v m khng km theo n v, AutoCAD s hiu theo inch. Scientific [,sain'tifik] : o theo dng ly tha. Fractional ['frknl] : o theo dng hn s III.3. Dng n v o gc (Angles)
Decimal Degrees [di'gri:] : o theo thp phn ca gc Deg/Min/Sec : o theo pht giy ca gc Grads : o theo gradient thp phn ca gc Radians : o theo radian thp phn ca gc Surveyor : o theo gc nh hng trong Trc lng. S o gc c th hin theo /(pht)/(giy) km theo hng, ng nhin gc th hin theo dng Surveyor s nh hn hoc bng 900 III.4. Direction [di'rekn] ( phng hng )
Hp thoi Direction control Nu ta click vo ty chn Direction. Hp thoi Direction control s m ra nh hnh Trong : East : chiu dng trc x lm chun tnh gc 0 North : chiu dng trc y lm chun tnh gc 0 West : chiu m trc x lm chun tnh gc 0 South : chiu m trc y lm chun tnh gc 0
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Other : nu chn ty chn ny, cho php ta chn gc 0 l mt gc bt k (ta c th g trc tip vo dng angle hoc chn pick.
Hp thoi Direction control Clockwise : chn ty chn ny, gc dng s l chiu thun chiu kim ng h Mc nhin AutoCAD, khng chn Clockwise v gc 0 theo East.
III.5. H S T L & GII HN BN V III.5.1. H s t l (Scale Factor) Scale factor [skeil] ['fkt] chnh l mu s ca t l bn v ta mun nh. V d: bn v t l 1/10 th Scale factor s l: Scale factor = 10 Scale factor khng phi l mt lnh c lp ca AutoCAD m n s xut hin khi ta thc hin lnh MvSetup. III.5.2. Lnh Mvsetup Lnh Mvsetup dng t chc cc vn bn v nh: chn h n v, t l chung cho bn v v kh giy v hin th trn mn hnh ... gi lnh Mvsetup: T dng Command: Mvsetup AutoCAD s hin ra cc thng bo sau: Initializing... Enable paper space? [ No/Yes ]: n Dng ny ta chn n, ngha l NO, ta chn khng gian ta thng v nht. Enter units type [ Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric ]: m Dng ny yu cu ta chn n v cho bn v, nu ta chn l m (Metric) th mt n v ta nhp vo s tng ng vi 1 mm.
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Enter the scale factor: 10 Dng ny yu cu ta chn scale factor ( t l ) bn v, nu bn v c nhiu t l, ta s chn scale factor l t l c mu s ln nht. V d: Bn v ta c 3 t l: 1/1; 1/2; 1/10, ta s chn scale factor = 10.
Enter the paper width: 297 Enter the paper height: 210
Dng ny yu cu ta chn b rng kh giy v. Dng ny yu cu ta chn chiu cao kh giy v.
( Bn c th chn kch thc kh giy nh phn III.5.3 )
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III.5.3. Gii hn bn v (Drawing Limits['limit])( chn kch thc kh giy) Gii hn bn v thc hin lnh LIMITS, l bn im thuc hai kch thc ngang v dc (tc l hnh ch nht) trong h ta (WCS). Gii hn mn hnh cng chi phi cc lnh GRID v SNAP nu 2 lnh ny c m. Gii hn mn hnh gip ta c th kim sot c vng v, rt tin li trong vic v t do chuyn sang phn mm Word. Trn thanh Menu chnh : chn Format\Drawing Limits Nhp vo t dng Command : Limits Reset Model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: Specify upper right corner <420.0000 , 297.0000>: 297,210 Trong : ON : kim tra min v OFF : b qua kim tra min v Lower left corner <0.0000 , 0.0000> : xc nh ta gc tri di mn hnh. Mc nh ca AutoCAD l ta (0.0000 , 0.0000), ta c th nh li ta ny. Upper right corner <420.0000 , 297.0000>: xc nh ta gc phi trn mn hnh <420,297> ( kch thc kh giy, mc nh 420x297 ), ta c th nh li ta ny. Ty theo t l ca bn v v kh giy v m ta s thit lp lnh LIMITS thch hp. Gc phi trn gii hn mn hnh lc ny s bng: kh giy nhn vi mu s ca h s t l. III.6. CC H THNG TA III.6.1. Cc biu tng ca h thng ta
h ta WCS
h ta UCS
Trong AutoCAD, h thng ta c nh gi l h WCS (World Coordinate System) c gc ta t ti gc (0,0), gc tri min v, biu tng ny th hin nh hnh. H thng ta c gi l ta tuyt i. T h thng ta ny, nu ta thay i v tr gc ta sang mt v tr mi, ta gi l h thng ta ca ngi s dng UCS (User Coordinate System), hin th biu tng h thng ta UCS, ta thc hin nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command: Ucsicon Enter an option [ ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/properties ] <ON >: on Trong : ON : th hin biu tng UCS OFF : khng th hin biu tng UCS
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All :AutoCAD th hin biu tng trong tt c cc Viewports ang hot ng Noorigin : lun t UCS ti gc tri mn hnh ORigin : t UCS ti gc ta Ch : Ucsicon cng l bin h thng; nu Ucsicon = 1, m ; nu Ucsicon = 0, tt; nu Ucsicon = 2, Ucs t ti gc ta . III.6.2. nh v li h thng ta UCS Vic nh li h thng ta UCS l rt cn thit, nht l trong mi trng 3D, chng hn khi ta v mi nh, vic a UCS v mt phng mi nh l rt cn thit (z=0). AutoCAD cung cp cho ta nhiu hnh thc nh v li h thng ta , ty trng hp c th m ta vn dng cc ty chn thch hp. Nhp vo t dng Command : UCS Khi UCS c khi ng, AutoCAD s a ra cc ty chn sau: Command: ucs Current ucs name: *WORLD*
Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis]
<World>: Trong : Nu nhp N xut hin dng Specify origin of new UCS or [Zaxis/3Point/oBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z ] <0,0,0>: Origin : nh li im gc ta Zaxis : cho php nh li ta ca trc z 3point : nh li h thng ta bng 3 im im th nht : nh gc ta im th hai : nh chiu dng trc x im th ba : nh chiu dng trc y oBject : chn mt im no trn i tng c sn v t gc ta vo im View : t h thng ta thng gc vi im nhn X : cho php quay h thng ta quanh trc x Y : cho php quay h thng ta quanh trc y Z : cho php quay h thng ta quanh trc z Prev : tr v h thng ta nh trc Restore : gi li h thng ta lu tr Save : lu tr h thng ta Del : xa b h thng ta lu tr khi khng mun s dng na ? : lit k cc h thng ta lu tr <World> : tr v WCS, mc nh Nu khng nh li to bn nhp vo ch W (World) III.7. TA IM AutoCAD xc nh v tr i tng theo h thng ta Descartes v h thng ta cc. Vic nhp ta vo AutoCAD c 2 hnh thc chnh: ta tuyt i v ta tng i.
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III.7.1. Ta tuyt i (Absolute coordinates) ['bslu:t] [ku:dineit] V tr im c xc nh cn c vo im gc ca h thng ta . Vi h ta Descartes, ta im c xc nh theo x v y; x : khong cch theo trc x ca im ang xt so vi gc ta . y : khong cch theo trc y ca im ang xt so vi gc ta . Khi nhp ta theo dng ny, th gia x v y cch nhau mt du phy (,) Th d : khi cn nhp mt im A no cch gc ta 1 on theo phng x l 10 n v v theo phng y mt on 20 n v theo chiu m trc y, tc l im c ta tuyt i (x= 10 ; y= -20), ta nhp nh sau: From point: 10,-20 Vi h thng ta cc, ta im c xc nh theo chiu di cc v gc cc; gia chiu di cc v gc cc c ngn cch bi du nh hn (<). Th d : im B cn nhp c chiu di cc l 65 (khong cch theo phng x gia im ang xt v gc ta ) v gc cc l 450 (so vi phng ngang x), ta nhp nh sau: From point: 65<45 III.7.2. Ta tng i (Relative coordinates) ['reltiv] Ta tng i l ta ca im ang xt so vi ta ca im lin trc , im ny AutoCAD gi l Lastpoint. bo cho AutoCAD bit ta ang s dng ta tng i, ta phi thm vo k hiu a thng mi: (@) trc khi nhp ta . V d: Vi h ta vung gc (Descartes) (im A(10,20) k on AB nm ngang c di l 50, (im A(10,20) nhp nh sau Command: l LINE Specify first point: 10,20 Specify next point or [Undo]: @50,0 Vi h ta cc : k on AB c di l 65 v hp vi trc x mt gc o 45 (im A (10,20) Command: l LINE Specify first point: 10,20 Specify next point or [Undo]: @65<45 Ngoi vic xc nh im bng cch nhp ta t bn phm, ta c th dng chut ch nh, d nhin rt kh chnh xc. khc phc iu ny, AutoCAD cung cp cho ta nhng cng c h tr (Drafting tools). CNG C TR GIP (Drafting Tools) III.8. AutoCAD cung cp nhng cng c tr gip v ta d dng trong vic t chc cng nh y nhanh tc khi v, bao gm cc lnh sau: Grid : gn mt li im trn bn v Snap : gn bc nhy con tr Coords : th hin ta trn mn hnh Ortho : ch thng gc
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Grid, Snap v Ortho c th c nh qua hp thoi Drafting Settings nh hnh gi Drafting Settings, ta c th chn mt trong cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command` : Ddrmodes T Menu chnh : chn Tools\ Drafting Settings III.8.1. Grid [grid] ( li ) To mc li cho bn v, gip xc nh ta d dng bng chut hay bng bn phm. tt/ m Grid, ta c th chn nhng cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Grid ( ri chn On hay Off ) Chn Grid trong hp thoi Drafting Settings Ta c th chn mc li theo dng vung hay ch nht. Bng cch chn trong hp thoi Drafting Settings Mc Grid spacing : chn gi tr Grid X v Grid Y III.8.2. Snap [snp] To bc nhy con tr, mt cng c xc nh im tng i chnh xc, thng dng kt hp vi Grid trong vic h tr v. tt/ m Snap, ta c th chn cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Snap ( ri chn On hay Off ) Chn Snap trong hp thoi Drafting Settings Sau khi khi ng Snap, AutoCAD yu cu xc nh cc ty chn sau: Command: Snap Specify snap spacing or [ON/OFF/Aspect/Style/Type] <10.0000>: Trong : Mt s ty chn c ngha nh Grid Style : loi Snap chun III.8.3. Coords (Coordinate Display) Tt/m ch mn hnh, c t trong thanh trng thi (Status bar), nm di y mn hnh, default l m (On) Thc hin lnh theo cc cch sau: Nhp p vo th hin ta trn thanh trng thi
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Nhp vo t dng Command : Coords( ri chn 1 (ON) hay 0 (OFF) III.8.4. Ch thng gc (Ortho) To nhng ng thng song song hay thng gc vi h trc ta . Thc hin lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp p vo Ortho trn thanh trng thi Nhn F8 Nhn Ctrl+L III.9. Trnh t thit lp bn v kh A4 ngang Sau khi m chng trnh AutoCAD .Ti dng nhc Command ta nhp vo : Command : LIMITS t gii hn kh giy Reset Model space limits : Spesify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000> : Spesify upper riget corner <420.0000,297.0000> : 297,210 Command : ZOOM thu bn v va trong phm vi mn hnh Specify corner of windaw, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP) ,or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extens/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: A Regenerating model Command : UNITS Xc nh cc n v o Xut hin hp thoi Drawing Units thit lp cc n v nh hnh sau nhn Direction xc nh hng bn v nh hnh
Command : LINETYPE np nt v , ng tm, ng khut Xut hin hp thoi Linetype Manager Chn Show all linetypes, chn Load v chn loi ng , nt . Chn OK
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Command :LTSCALE xc nh t l bn v Enter new linetype scale factor <1.0000> : 1.1 Regenerting model Command : DIMSTYLE t kiu kch thc Xut hin hp thoi Dimension Style Manager Nhn vo nt New xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Style . t tn cho kiu kch thc trong hp New Style Name Nhn nt Continue hp thoi xut hin . Chn th Symbols and Arrows v chn nh hnh ( hoc tu khai bo theo yu cu ) chn tip cc th khai bo nh hnh
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CHNG III CC BC,LNH V C BN

I. CC PHNG PHP NHP TO THNG THNG I.1. To tuyt i L tr s thc ca to x, y, z so vi gc O ( bn v 2D b qua tr s z ) I.2. To cc tuyt i To cc th hin bi bn knh D v gc quay. To cc c nhp nh sau D < p A D 0,0 I.3. To cc tng i L to so vi im c ch nh trc . lm vic vi to tng i cn phi thm @ trc gi to Th d : @ X2, Y2 so vi im trc l ( X1, Y1 ) lm gc I.4. Cho khong cch S dng bng cch kt hp vi ORTHO ch ON, Grid v Snap ch Off Th d : v hnh ch nht 200 x 50 C php : Command : Line Line specify first point < chn im d1 bt k > Specify next point or [Undo] : 200 < ng thi ko chut sang phi > < Enter > Specify next point or [Undo] : 50 < ng thi ko chut ln > < Enter > Specify next point or [Undo] : 200 < ng thi ko chut sang tri > < Enter > Specify next point or [Undo] : 50 < ng thi ko chut xung > < Enter > Specify next point or [Undo] < Enter > Thanh Toolbar Draw v cc biu tng
Revision Cloud Ellipse Arc Hatch and Gradient Xline Polygon Arc Ellipse Block Hatch Bhatch Table
ng chun
Line Polylin Pline RectangCircle
Spline
Insert Point
Region
Dtext
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II. CC LNH V C BN II.1. V on thng Cng dng : dng v cc i tng l on thng V on thng ( c nt mn nht c b rng nt l 0 (zero). ) Thc hin lnh Line [lain] nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Line ( hay L ) Trn Menu chnh : Draw\Line Trn Menu mn hnh : Line C php lnh Command: L < Enter > Line specify first point < chn im P1 bt k trong gii hn v > Specify next point or [Undo] : < chn im tip theo > Specify next point or [Close/Undo] < chn im tip theo , hoc g vo C > < Enter > Nu g C : ng kn ng gp khc U hay Undo : hy b mt lnh v va thc hin Th d Dng lnh Line v hnh ch nht c kch thc 300x150 v c ta nh l 10,10 Command: L < Enter > Line specify ['spesifai] first point : 10,10 < Enter > P1 Specify next point or [Undo] : @300,0 < Enter > P2 Specify next point or [Undo] : @0,150 < Enter > P3 Specify next point or [Undo] : @-300,0 < Enter > P4 Specify next point or [Close/Undo] :C < Enter >
kt thc lnh Line nhn Enter Ch : Khi ta nhp im bng ta , phi Enter xc nhn vi AutoCAD. Khi ta nhp im bng click mouse trn mn hnh, th khng s dng Enter sau mi ln click. Ti v tr nhp: nu ta nhp vo k t C (Close) cc on thng s khp kn li to thnh a gic, im u ni vi im cui v ng thi kt thc lnh Line. II.2. V na on thng Cng dng : dng v cc i tng l na on thng Thc hin lnh Ray nh sau:
GT 2DCAD
Nhp vo t dng Command : Ray [rei] ( hay L ) Trn Menu chnh : Draw\Ray Trn Menu mn hnh : Line C php lnh Command: Ray < Enter > < ng c gii hn mt u > Specify strat point: < chn im bt u > Specify through point: < chn im i qua > Specify through point: < chn im i qua > Specify through point: < Enter > < chn tip s c dng hnh nan qut > kt thc lnh Line nhn Enter Th d P2 V nan qut nh hnh P3
P1 P4
II.3. V ng thng Cng dng : dng v cc i tng l ng thng Thc hin lnh XLine nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : XLine ( hay XL ) Trn Menu chnh : Draw\XLine Trn Menu mn hnh : Construction Line C php lnh Command: XL < Enter > Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset] : Ty theo phng ca ng thng m bn g vo ch HOA u vo dng nhc < Enter > Cc chn la : Hor : to ng nm ngang Ver : to ng thng ng Ang : to ng c gc hp vi ng chun ( nu g A hin dng nhc tip theo) Enter angle of xline ( 0 ) or [ Reference ]: Nu < Enter > : gc bng 0 tr v la chn nh Hor Nhp gc bn c ng nhging G Reference xut hin tip dng nhc : Select a line < chn ng tham chiu > ( ng v c dng copy li ng va chn ) Bisect [bai'sekt]: v ng phn gic ca mt gc c xc nh bi 3 im ( xut hin dng nhc) Specify angle vertex point : < chn im gc > Specify angle start point : < chn im cnh th nht > Specify angle end point : < chn im cnh th hai > Specify angle end point : < Enter > < kt thc > Offset [':fset]: to ng song song vi ng c
GT 2DCAD
II.4. V ng trn ( Circle ['s:kl] ) Cng dng : dng v cc i tng l ng trn Thc hin lnh Circle ['s:kl] nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Circle ( hay C ) Trn Menu chnh : Draw\Circle Trn Menu mn hnh : nt Ciecle C php lnh Command: Circle < Enter > Specify center point for circel or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : Bn c cc cch v
V ng trn tm v bn knh ( center, radius ['reidis] ) Command: circle < Enter > Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: < nhp ta tm > Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: < nu g D cho ng knh > Specify diameter of circle: < nhp gi tr ng knh > V ng trn qua ba dim ( 3P ) Command: Circle < Enter > Specify center point for circel or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : < 3P > Specify first point on circel: < cho dim th nht > Specify second point on circel: < cho dim th hai > Specify third point on circel: < cho dim th ba > V ng trn qua hai dim ( 2P ) Command: circle < Enter > Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p Specify first end point of circle's diameter: < cho dim th nht >
GT 2DCAD
Specify second end point of circle's diameter : < cho dim th hai > V ng trn tip xc vi hai ng v bn knh R ( tan tan Radius ) Command: circle < Enter > Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: ttr Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: < chon ng th nht m ng trn tip xc > < chn im cng gn im tip xc cng tt > Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: < chon ng th hai m ng trn tip xc > < chn im cng gn im tip xc cng tt > Specify radius of circle <46.4297>: < nhp bn knh ng trn cn v > V ng trn tip xc ba ng Chn lnh trn Draw / Circle / tan, tan,tan Sau khi chn lnh AutoCad hin dng nhc Command: _circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: _3p Specify first point on circle: _tan to < ch ng th nht > Specify second point on circle: _tan to < ch ng th hai > Specify third point on circle: _tan to < ch ng th ba > II.5. V cung trn ( lnh ARC ) Cng dng : dng v cc i tng l cung trn Thc hin lnh ARC nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Arc Trn Menu chnh : Draw\Arc Trn Menu mn hnh : Nt Arc Ch : Cc cung c v ngc chiu quay kim ng h V cung trn qua 3 im ( 3P ) C php lnh Command: Arc < Enter > Specify start point for Arc or [Center ] : < chn hoc g ta P1 > Specify second point for Arc or [Center / End ] : < chn hoc g ta P2 > Specify end point for Arc : < chn hoc g ta P3 >
P2 P1 P3
V cung trn qua im u, tm, im cui ( Start, Center, End ) C php lnh Command: Arc < Enter > Command: arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: start Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: center Specify end point of arc : end
GT 2DCAD
V cung trn qua im u, tm, gc tm ( Start, Center, Angle) ( v bng cch chn im u, tm, gc ) Chn lnh trn Draw / Arc / Start, Center, Angle Sau khi chn lnh AutoCad hin dng nhc Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _c Specify center point of arc: Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: _a Specify included angle: a Specify included angle: < nhp gi tr gc vo > < 90 >
V cung trn qua im u, tm, gc tm ( Start, Center, length ) ( v bng cch chn im u, tm, dy cung ) Chn lnh trn Draw / Arc / Start, Center, lenght [le] Sau khi chn lnh AutoCad hin dng nhc Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: < chn hoc g ta im u > < S > Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _c Specify center point of arc: < chn hoc g tm > < C > Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: _l Specify length of chord: l Requires numeric distance or second point. Specify length of chord: < nhp gi vo > < 300 >
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V cung trn qua im u, tm, gc tm ( Start, End , Angle ) ( v bng cch chn im u, im cui, gc tm ) Chn lnh trn Draw / Arc / Start, end, lenght Sau khi chn lnh AutoCad hin dng nhc Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: < cho im u >< S> Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _e < cho m cui > < E > Specify end point of arc: Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: _a Specify included angle: < nhp ch A > < a > Requires valid numeric angle or second point. Specify included angle: < nhp gi tr gc > < 120 >
V cung trn qua im u, tm, gc tm ( Start, End , Direction ) ( v bng cch chn im u, im cui, tip tuyn ) Chn lnh trn Draw / Arc / Start, End, direction Sau khi chn lnh AutoCad hin dng nhc Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: < chn im bt u > Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _e Specify end point of arc: < nhp vo en > Invalid 2D point. Specify end point of arc: < chn im cui > Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: _d Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: < chn hng tip tuyn > Hoc (Command: arc < nhp vo > Specify start point of arc or [Center]: < chn im u > < A > Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: < nhp en >
GT 2DCAD
Specify end point of arc: < cho im cui > < E > Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: < cho gc, hng tip tuyn, bn knh > < hoc r v click chut tri > )
d A
V cung trn qua im u, tm, gc tm ( Start, End , Radius ) ( v bng cch chn im u, im cui, bn knh ) Chn lnh trn Draw / Arc / Start, End, direction Sau khi chn lnh AutoCad hin dng nhc Command: arc < entre > Specify start point of arc or [Center]: < chn im u > Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: en < nhp en > Specify end point of arc: < chn im cui > Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: r < nhp r > Specify radius of arc: 130,85 < bn nhp ta tm > V cung ni tip vi cung, ng v trc ( lnh Continue ) ( v bng cch bn c trc cung hay ng mi v, khi chn lnh Continue con tr t ng nhy n m cui ca cung hay ng va v ) Chn lnh trn Draw / Continue Sau khi chn lnh AutoCad hin dng nhc Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: < con tr t nhy > Specify end point of arc: o < bn c th nhp o hay khng nhp > Invalid 2D point. Specify end point of arc: < click chut tri ti v tr yu cu >
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II.6. V a tuyn ( Polyline ) Cng dng : dng v nhng hnh tp hp cc ng, on thng, cung, gp khc, Thc hin lnh PolyLine nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : PolyLine Trn Menu chnh : Draw\ PolyLine Trn Menu mn hnh : Nt PolyLine C php lnh Command: PLine < Enter > Command: pline Specify start point: < chn im u > < P1 > Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w < nhp W cho gi tr b rng nt v > Specify starting width <0.0000>: 0.5< nhp b rng bt u on th d 0.5> Specify ending width <0.5000>: 0.5 < nhp b rng cui on th d 0.5 > Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @120,0 < nhp P2 > Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: a < v cung > Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: >>Enter new value for ORTHOMODE <0>: Resuming PLINE command. Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: @0,-100 < nhp ta P3 > Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: l < v on thng > Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-130,0 < P4 > Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @0,20 < P5 > Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @20,0 <P6 > Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: a < v cung > Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: >>Enter new value for ORTHOMODE <0>: Resuming PLINE command. Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: @0,-75< ta P7 > Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: l < nhp l v on thng > Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-10,0 < ta P8 >
GT 2DCAD
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: cl < cl kt thc lnh >
II.7. V a gic u ( Polygon) Cng dng : dng v a gic Thc hin lnh Polygon nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command Trn Menu chnh
: Polygon ( hay POL ) : Draw\ Polygon
Trn Menu mn hnh : Nt Polygon C php lnh Command: POL< Enter > C 3 cch v a gic : v a gic ni tip ng trn, v a gic ngoi tip, v a gic theo s cnh v gi tr ta hai im u v m cui V a gic ni tip ng trn Command: pol POLYGON Enter number of sides <5>: 7 < s cnh a gic > Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 145,105 < ta tm a gic > Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: I Specify radius of circle: 75 < tm ng trn ni tip >
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V a gic ngoi tip Command: pol POLYGON Enter number of sides <7>: 7 < s cnh a gic > Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 145,105 < ta tm a gic > Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: c Specify radius of circle: r < chn R > Requires numeric distance or second point. Specify radius of circle: 60 < tm ng trn >
V a gic n cnh Command: pol POLYGON Enter number of sides <9>: 9 < nhp s cnh > Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: e < nhp ch E > Specify first endpoint of edge: < nhp P1 > Specify second endpoint of edge: < nhp P2 >
P1 P2
II.8. RECTANGLE (V HNH CH NHT) II.8.1. V hnh ch nht n thun v hnh ch nht ta dng lnh Rectangle. Dng lnh ny, AutoCAD yu cu ta xc nh hai gc i din ca hnh ch nht, Thc hin lnh RECTANGLE nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : RECTANGLE ( hay POL ) Trn Menu chnh : Draw\ RECTANGLE
GT 2DCAD
Trn Menu mn hnh : Nt RECTANGLE C php lnh Command: Recrang Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: < nhp gi tr hoc chn gc th nht > < A > Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: < nhp gi tr gc th hai ( gc i din ) < B >
B
II.8.2. V hnh ch nht c gc ln trn Command: rectang Command: rec RECTANG Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: f Specify fillet radius for rectangles <0.0000>: 10 (nhp bn knh gc ln) Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: < nhp gi tr ta im th nht > Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: < nhp gi tr ta im th hai >
II.8.3. V hnh ch nht vt gc Command: rectang Current rectangle modes: Fillet=10.0000 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: c Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <10.0000>: 15 <cnh vt th nht> Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <10.0000>:20 < cnh vt th hai > Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: < nhp gi tr ta im th nht > < A > (hoc chn)
GT 2DCAD
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: < nhp gi tr ta im th hai > < B > (hoc chn)
II.9. ELIP (V HNH ELIP) II.9.1. V hnh elip qua ba im ( hay c gi tr mt trc ) v hnh Elip ta dng lnh Ellipse . Vic v Elip ph thuc vo gi tr bin PELLIPSE Thc hin lnh Ellipse nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Ellipse ( hay EL ) Trn Menu chnh : Draw\ Ellipse Trn Menu mn hnh : Nt Ellipse C php lnh Command: Ellipse Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: < nhp ta im th nht > < A > Specify other endpoint of axis: < nhp ta im th hai > < B > Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: < nhp ta im th ba c ngha l phn na chiu di trc cn li > < C >
II.9.2. V hnh elip qua hai im v gi tr tm Command: ellipse Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: c < nhp C > Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: 250,100 < ta tm > Specify other endpoint of axis: 350,100 < ta im th nht > Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 300,125< ta im th hai >
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II.9.3. V cung elip Command: ellipse Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: a < nhp A > Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: < nhp gi tr tm > < C > Specify other endpoint of axis: < nhp im C1 > Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: < nhp im C2 > Specify start angle or [Parameter]: <Cho gc bt u > < 90 > Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: < cho gc kt thc >< 270 >
II.10. Lnh FILL( t nn )( cn ch ) Thc hin lnh fill nh sau: Trn dng Command : fill C php lnh Command: fill Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: on Chn ON t nn chn OFF khng t II.11. Lnh DONUT ( v hnh vnh khn ) Thc hin lnh Donut nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : donut ( hay do ) Trn Menu chnh : Draw\ donut C php lnh Command: do DONUT Specify inside diameter of donut <100>: < cho ng knh th nht > < D1 > Specify outside diameter of donut <150>: < cho ng knh th hai> < D2 > Specify center of donut or <exit>: < cho tm > < C > Specify center of donut or <exit>: < Enter > kt thc lnh
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II.12. V min t mu nn ( lnh 2D SOLID ) Thc hin lnh SOLID nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Solid ( hay so ) Trn Menu chnh : Draw\ Surfaces\donut C php lnh Command: so SOLID Specify first point: < nhp gi tr im th nht > Specify second point: < nhp gi tr im th hai > Specify third point: < nhp gi tr im th ba > Bn c th chn nhiu im tip theo Specify fourth point or <exit>: < enter > kt thc lnh
2
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CHNG IV CC LNH TRUY BT I TNG

I. CH TRUY BT I TNG Ngoi vic dng ta nh v im ca nhng i tng, AutoCAD cung cp cho chng ta mt cng c xc nh ta im chnh xc v rt nhanh trn c s nhng i tng c sn. Mi i tng c nhng c im ring ca n, nh on thng th c 2 im cui v im gia, ng trn c tm v tip tuyn hin thanh cng c Object Snap, bn n chut phi trn thanh cng c Standard. Hin menu nh hnh, chn Object Snap
chn
Thanh cong cu Object Snap AutoCAD truy bt nhng im c bit ny nhanh v rt chnh xc. Trong cc i tng AutoCAD quan tm n 12 loi im m n truy bt d dng nh hnh I.1. From : cho php nh mt im lm gc ta tng i v tm v tr mt im theo gc ta ny. Phng thc ny thc hin thnh hai bc
GT 2DCAD
Bc 1: xc nh gc ta tng i ( im cui cng nht xc nh trn mn hnh ) ti dng nhc Basse point ( nhp ta hoc s dng cc phng thc truy bt im ) Bc 2 : nhp ta tng i ca im cn tm ti dng nhc Offset so vi im gc ta tng i va xc nh theo bc 1 Th d : dng lnh From v on thng P5 (-100,0 ) P6 (-50,0 ) v ng trn tm O ( 60,50 ). Trn hnh ch nht c kch thc nh hnh Command: line Specify first point: from Base point: end ( truy bt im P2 ) of <Offset>: @-100,0 ( im P5 ) Specify next point or [Undo]: from Base point: end ( truy bt im P3 ) of <Offset>: @-50,0 ( im P6 ) Specify next point or [Undo]: enter Command: circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: from Base point: end ( truy bt im P1 ) of <Offset>: @60,50 ( ta im O ) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: tan to ( chn on thng P5P6)
50 P4 100 O 50 50 P6 P3
P1
P5 100 180
P2
I.2. End point :Truy bt nhng im cui ca i tng nh im u v im cui ca on thng, ca cung trn ... th d :
v tr END END END v tr END v tr END
END
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Dng lnh end truy bt th hin nh hnh
I.3. ...
Mid point : truy bt nhng im gia ca on thng, ca cung trn th d

v tr MID
Intersection : truy bt giao im ca cc i tng, giao im I.4. ny tht hay o(nu ni di chng s giao nhau)
Apparent intersection: truy bt nhng giao im trong khng I.5. gian 3D, giao im c th l thc hay o Center : truy bt nhng im tm ca ng trn, cung trn, I.6. hnh khuyn (Donut) Th d Command: l LINE Specify first point: center
I.7. Quadrant : truy bt cc im mt phn t ca cung trn, ng trn, hnh vnh khuyn Th d Command: l LINE Specify first point: qua
GT 2DCAD
Th d Command: l LINE Specify first point: qua
I.8.
Tangent : truy bt im tip xc vi cung trn, ng trn Th d Command: l LINE Specify first point: tan
Command: l LINE Specify first point: tan
I.9. of
Perpendicular: truy bt giao im ca cc i tng Command: c CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: qua
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I.10. I.11.
Insertion: truy bt im chn ca Text v Block Node : truy bt tm ca mt im
I.12. Nearest : truy bt mt im gn giao im ca hai si tc nht C 2 ch truy bt i tng: loi tm thi v loi thng trc II. Cc ch truy bt II.1. Truy bt im tm thi Loi ny mi ln khi ng ch truy bt c 1 im. kch ng ta c th thc hin mt trong nhng cch sau: + Trn thanh Object Snap : click vo biu tng + Trn dng Command : nh 3 k t u (nh Mid, End ...) + Nhn Shift v n nt phi chut, Object Snap Mode a ln mn hnh nh hnh (chn kiu truy bt )
Command: line [ gi Shift bm chut phi, menu hin ra chn kiu truy bt ( th d chn center ). a chut n ng trn, tm ng trn cn truy bt xut hin nh hnh ]
GT 2DCAD
LINE Specify first point: _cen of II.2. Truy bt im thng trc ( tr ) Khi cn truy bt v tr im ca cc i tng mt cch thng xuyn, ta nn s dng truy bt im thng trc, v khi ng lnh ch mt ln. Ta chn cc cch khi ng sau: * Nhp vo t dng Command : Ddosnap * Trn thanh trng thi : nu cha gn ch truy bt im thng trc) th c th nhp chut tri vo OSNAP gi hp thoi Drafting Settings, bm chut phi vo OSNAP trn thanh trng thi sau chn Settings. Trong th Object Osnap On ta chn loi truy bt hoc chn Select All v click OK
Dng gn ch truy bt thng trc v iu chnh kch thc Aperture size (hp bao quanh giao im hai si tc khi ta r hai si tc n gn i tng) Ch : chn ClearAll thot ch truy bt thng trc. Mc AutoSnap Settings ( Trong hp thoi Options, th Drafting) Trong : + Marker : k hiu loi v tr truy bt + Magnet : ko v gi marker ti im cn truy bt + Display aperture box : m hoc tt aperture box + Marker size : kch thc marker
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III.
GII THIU MT S LNH IU KHIN MN HNH gip ta thc hin cc bi tp trong chng ny d dng, chng ta kho st mt cch khi qut hai lnh c bn iu khin mn hnh: Zoom v Pan
III.1. Zoom Zoom l lnh phng to hay thu nh cc i tng, n l loi lnh Transparent c th khi ng bt c lc no ta mun bng cc cch sau: Ch : thot khi lnh Zoom bn g phm Esc * Trn thanh Standard : click vo biu tng Zoom * Trn dng Command : Zoom hay Z ( (Nu ta ang dng lnh no ca AutoCAD th ta dng Transparent Zoom hay Z) * Trn Menu chnh : View\ Zoom\ Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD yu cu xc nh mt s ty chn nh di y: Command: Zoom All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/Vmax/Window/<Scale(x/xp)>: Ta nhp ch ci u tin la chn loi Zoom Trong : Zoom in: . Bn nhn phm tri chut vo biu tng ny vt th c phng to ln hai ln,
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GT 2DCAD
Zoom out Bn nhn phm tri chut vo biu tng ny vt th c thu nh phn na, All : thu ton b cc i tng v (k c cc i tng nm ngoi phm vi min v) v to li mn hnh. Center : phng to mn hnh vi mt tm im vi chiu cao ca s (khi nhp C) * Center point: chn tm khung ca s * Magnification or height <> : nhp gi tr chiu cao khung ca s hoc chn 2 im xc nh chiu cao. Nu sau gi tr ta nhp X, v d 2X th hnh nh s phng to ln 2 ln Dynamic : hin ln mn hnh hnh nh trong khung ca s m ta c th thay i v tr v kch thc. u tin, khi thc hin la chn ny s xut hin khung nhn ch nht c du X gia (cho php ta di chuyn v tr ca khung ca s). Mun chuyn sang ch thay i ln khung ca s (hoc ngc li) ta nhn phm tri chut, khi s xut hin hnh mi tn ngay cnh phi ca khung. Tip tc di chuyn v tr v thay i kch thc khung ca s n khi no mun phng hnh nh trong khung ca s ny ln ton b mn hnh ta ch cn nhn phm Enter Extents : phng to hoc thu nh cc i tng bn v n kh nng ln nht c th, ton b i tng v s hin ln trn mn hnh Previous : phc hi li hnh nh ca lnh Zoom trc . Chc nng ny c th nh v phc hi n 10 ln Window : phng to ln mn hnh phn hnh nh xc nh bi khung ca s hnh ch nht bng cch xc nh hai im (tng t nh cch v hnh ch nht) Scale (x/xp): nhp t l hin ln hnh nh mong mun. Gi tr ln hn 1: phng to, gi tr nh hn 1: thu nh * Khng c phn theo sau gi tr : c ngha l phng to hay thu nh so vi gii hn bn v * Theo sau gi tr l ch X (v d 2x): c ngha l phng to hay thu nh so vi hnh nh hin hnh * Theo sau gi tr l XP : c ngha l phng to hay thu nh so vi gii hn bn v trong khng gian giy (khi ta ang trong khng gian giy)
Object chn hnh cn phng to n mc cn nhn thy c

GT 2DCAD
i vi chut c nt gia bn y nt gia v pha trn phng to v ngc li 2. Pan Lnh Pan, di chuyn mn hnh, gip chng ta xem nhng chi tit ca i tng nm ngoi phm vi th hin ca mn hnh hin hnh, v n l loi lnh Transparent. kch ng lnh ta chn 1 trong cc cch sau: * Trn dng Command : Pan hay P ( (Nu ta ang dng lnh no ca AutoCAD th ta dng Transparent Pan hay P) * Trn Menu chnh : View\ Pan\ Command: Pan AutoCAD s a ra biu tng ca Pan (bn tay), ta dng chut iu khin bn tay ny n chi tit ta cn xem hay x l. i vi chut c nt gia bn n nt gia thy xut hin bn tay bn di chuyn bnh thng
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GT 2DCAD
CHNG V
LP & DNG NG NT
Bn v AutoCAD nh l s t chng ln nhau ca nhng tm giy trong sut cng kch c, mi tm th hin mt hay nhiu chi tit ca cng mt vt th, mi tm trong sut ny AutoCAD gi l lp. i vi AutoCAD, mt bn v c th c mt lp hay nhiu lp, cc i tng trong cc lp c th chuyn i t lp ny qua lp khc. Vic tch ri bn v thnh nhiu lp c nhng li ch sau: Mi ngi c th v chi tit ca bn v trn nhng lp khc nhau Xut bn v vi nhng chi tit ring, chng hn mt cng trnh no ta c th in bn v ch c phn b tr h thng cp thot nc ca cng trnh nhng khng in nhng phn khc Mi lp c th th hin mu khc nhau, cng nh ng nt khc nhau. AutoCAD khng gii hn s lp trn mt bn v (ti a 32767 lp) I. LP LAYERS ['lei] xy dng lp bao gm t tn lp, mu, loi ng nt v cc tnh cht ca lp ta c th chn mt trong nhng cch sau: * Trn dng Command : Ddlmodes hay Layer hay La * Trn Menu chnh : Format\ Layers... Sau khi kch ng lnh AutoCAD m hp thoi Layer Properties Manger
Layer Properties Manger (2004)
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GT 2DCAD
New Layer Delete Layer Set Current
Layer Properties Manger ( 2007) I.1. To lp mi T hp thoi Layer Properties Manger ['prpti] ['meind] ta thc hin nh sau: Nhp nt New trong hp thoi hnh s xut hin son tho Layer 1 ti ct Name di lp 0 Nhp tn lp mi vo son tho. Tn lp ti a khng qu 31 k t. K t c th l s, ch ... nhng khng c c khong trng Nu cn to nhiu lp cng mt lc ta nhp cc tn lp cch nhau bi du phy (,). AutoCAD t ng sp xp theo th t A, B, C, D,...
I.2. Gn lp hin hnh Lp hin hnh l lp khi ta to vt th n s nm trn lp ny, Default ca AutoCAD l lp 0. a lp c sn l lp hin hnh ta ch cn chn tn lp sau click vo lp ta chn.
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GT 2DCAD
I.3. Thay i mu ca lp (Layer Color) thay i mu cho mt lp no , trc tin ta s chn lp , sau ta nhp vo mu ca lp s xut hin hp thoi Select Colors nh hnh 4.2
Theo hp hi thoi ny, ta c th gn mu no cho lp m ta ng . C tng cng 256 mu, nhng ta nn chn cc mu tiu chun c s th t t 1 n 7 (red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta, white) cho d nh Khi mu ca lp thay i th ch c cc i tng nm trong ByLayer ca lp ny mi thay i theo mu mi cn cc i tng nm trong ByColor vn gi nguyn mu ca n (mc d n vn nm trong lp ta va thay i mu) I.4. Gn dng ng cho lp (Linetypes Layers) gn dng ng cho lp, ta nhp vo tn dng ng ca lp, khi s xut hin hp hi thoi Select Linetype nh hnh
CLICK
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Lu hnh ni b
GT 2DCAD
u tin trong bn v ch c mt loi ng duy nht l ng lin tc (Continuous). nhp cc dng ng khc vo trong bn v ta s dng nt Load trong hp thoi Select linetype m hp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes
Ta chn nhng dng ng cn thit v ti vo bn v ( gi Ctrl v click chut tri vo dng ng nt cn chn ) chn OK I.5. Kim sot s th hin ca lp I.5.1. Tt/ M lp Ta c th tt hay m 1 lp no khi cn thit. Khi mt lp b tt, cc i tng trong lp ny s khng c th hin ln mn hnh v cng khng c in ra giy. tt/ m lp no ta thc hin mt trong cc cch sau: Trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager: chn On (m) hay Off (tt). T thanh cng c Object Properties : click vo biu tng bng n, n chy sng (lp c m), ngc li n tt (lp b tt)
Ch : Cc i tng trong lp b tt s khng in c ra giy I.5.2. ng cng v Lm tan bng ca mt Layer cho tt c cc khung nhn (Freeze/ Thaw)
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GT 2DCAD
ng bng (Freeze) v lm tan bng (Thaw) lp trn tt c khung nhn (viewports), ta a chut vo v tr c dng hnh trn sng (trng thi Freeze) C mu xm trng thi (Thaw ) Cc i tng ca lp ng bng khng th hin trn mn hnh v ta khng th hiu chnh c cc i tng ny
ng bng Khng ng
Ch : Lp hin hnh khng th ng bng I.5.3. ng cng v Lm tan bng lp trn khung nhn hin hnh (Current Vport) ng (Freeze) v lm tan bng (Thaw) lp trn khung nhn hin hnh ta nhp chut tri vo biu tng trng thi Freeze/Thaw ( v tr th hai ) Ch : Cc i tng trong lp b ng bng s khng in c ra giy I.5.4. Kha v m kha cho lp (Lock/ Unlock) kha v m kha cho lp, ta nhp vo biu tng trng thi Lock/Unlock. i tng ca Layer b kha s khng hiu chnh c; tuy nhin ta vn thy trn mn hnh v c th in chng ra giy
kho
I.5.5. Th hin tn lp trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager Khi lm vic vi bn v c s lng ln cc lp, i hi nhiu thi gian tm kim cc lp trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager. AutoCAD cung cp cho ta mt hp thoi gi l hp thoi Layer Filters Properties gip ta lc danh sch cc lp cn th hin ln trn hp thoi Layer Properties Manager ( k c vic th hin trn mn hnh lm vic )
Tt c cc lp
GT 2DCAD
m c hp thoi ny, ta chn biu tng New Property Filter trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager
Layer filter chinh1 ( ch1,ch2,ch3 )
Layer filter chinh2 ( ch4,ch5,ch6 ) Th hin lc cc lp nh hnh, nhm mc ch qun l cc lp thun tin hn: nh n, ng bng, trn mn hnh lm vic II. DNG NG NT (LINETYPE) Khi chn Linetype trn hp thoi Layer Properties Manager s xut hin trang Linetype nh hnh di y
nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v, ta chn nt Load... Khi xut hin hp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes
GT 2DCAD
Trn hp thoi ny, ta chn cc dng ng cn thit (hoc ta chn cc dng file *.lin ti nt chn File... c sn ca AutoCAD) v nhn phm OK
II.1. Gn chiu rng nt in Chn LineWeight trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager
II.2. Thanh cng c Properties Trong AutoCad thanh cng c ny c mc nh trn vng ha
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Trn thanh cng c ny bn chn dng ng nt, mu ng nt, b dy nt in
II.3. Thanh cng c Layer
Nt Make Objects Layer Current
Dng chn nhanh mt lp no bn mun gn lm lp hin hnh ( chn mu thun tin nht ) Ex :Trong lp hin hnh l ch1 ( mu vng ). Sau khi click vo biu tng Make Objects Layer Current V chn mu xanh l ( mu th hin lp ch6 )
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GT 2DCAD
Layer Previous Khi click vo biu tung ny th hin tn t cc lp hin hnh
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GT 2DCAD
CHNG VI K THUT HIU CHNH C BN hiu chnh mt i tng trong bn v AutoCAD vic u tin l bn chn i tng cn hiu chnh. AutoCAD tr gip cho bn 1 b ch nh i tng (Object Selection Settings) vi 6 phng php khc nhau c AutoCAD kim sot. Trc khi i vo hiu chnh i tng ca bn v, chng ta i su vo chi tit ca b ch nh i tng ca AutoCAD. I. CH NH I TNG I.1. Hp thoi Options th Selection
AutoCAD cung cp cho chng ta nhng hnh thc ch nh i tng nh di y: Noun/ Verb Selection : ch nh i tng trc, pht lnh sau Use Shift to Add : khi chn i tng mi, i tng c chn s b tr i. Nu mun chn thm i tng mi (ng thi vn gi i tng c) phi nhn thm phm Shift Press and Drag : c th chn i tng bng phng php Windows hay Crossing bng cch nhn chut v ko to khung ca s Implied Windowing: chn i tng bng phng php Crossing hay Windows bng cch nh im u tin khung ca s bn phi hay tri Object Grouping : cho php nhm i tng thnh Group Assosiative Hatch : mt ct lin kt vi ng bao (boundary) to thnh mt i tng , tng t nt Hatch ca hp thoi Drawing Aids Tt c nhng hnh thc ch nh trn thng qua hp hoi thoi Object Selection Settings nh hnh m hp thoi Object Selection Settings ta thc hin mt trong nhng cch sau: Trn dng Command : Ddselect Trn Menu chnh : Tools\Options/chn th Selection..
GT 2DCAD
I.2. Pickbox Size Thay i kch thc ca con chy (Cursor), tng t bin PICKBOX. II. CC K THUT HIU CHNH Mt bn v hon chnh trong AutoCAD thng thng tri qua hai giai on c bn: Giai on u to i tng Giai on sau hiu chnh cc i tng. AutoCAD cung cp cho ta mt s lnh hiu chnh c bn, ty trng hp ta s dng, nh: Undo, Erase, Move, Copy, Stretch, Offset, Rotate, Mirror, Scale, Break, Trim, Extend ... II.1. Lnh Move Lnh Move dng thay i v tr i tng, truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Move hoc M ( c th chn trc tip trn thanh Modify) Command: Move Select objects: chn i tng Base point or displacement: nh im c bn t di chuyn Second point of displacement: nh im mun di chuyn n II.2. Lnh Rotate Lnh Rotate dng quay i tng theo mt gc no . Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Rotate hay Ro ( c th chn trc tip trn thanh Modify) Command: Ro Select objects: chn i tng quay Base point: nh tm quay <Rotate angle>/ Reference: nh gc quay, nu chn Reference (g Re), AutoCAD a ra tip dng lnh Reference angle <0>: nhp gc tham kho New angle: nhp gc mi (gc quay s bng hiu gc mi & gc tham kho) II.3. Lnh Scale Lnh Scale dng thay i kch thc i tng theo mt t l no . Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: * Nhp vo t dng Command : Scale Command: Scale Select objects: chn i tng cn thay i t l Base point: nh im c bn <Scale factor>/ Reference: nhp h s t l, nu g Re,AutoCAD s a tip dng lnh Reference length <1>: nhp vo chiu di tham kho New length: nhp chiu di mi AutoCAD tnh h s t l II.4. Lnh Trim
GT 2DCAD
Lnh Trim dng ct bt nhng phn tha (khng cn thit hay v d) ca i tng ti mt phng ct. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command: Trim hoc Tr Command: Tr Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None Select cutting edges : xc nh i tng dng lm mt phng ct Select objects: tip tc xc nh mt phng ct Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 1 found, 2 total Select objects: 1 found, 3 total (nu khng th <Select object to trim>/Project/Edge/Undo: chn phn ta mun ct b ca i tng, nu ta khng thc hin lnh Trim, chn U (Undo) Select objects: sau khi chn cc mt xong Enter ( chn cc mt, ng,...cn ct ) Ex Command: rectang Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Command: c Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p Specify first end point of circle's diameter: Command: c CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <42.0092>:
Command: trim Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 1 found, 2 total Select objects: 1 found, 3 total
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Select objects: Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:
II.5. Lnh Break Lnh Break ging nh lnh Trim cng c dng ct mt phn i tng nhng khng cn i tng lm mt phng ct. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Break hoc Br Command: Br Select object: chn i tng ct Enter second point (or F for first point): chn im th hai ct v AutoCAD s hiu v tr ta chn i tng l im th nht; hoc ta chn F nh li im ct th nht, lc AutoCAD s m ra dng lnh: Enter first point : nh im ct th nht Enter second point : nh im ct th hai II.6. Lnh Extend Lnh Extend gip ta c th ko di i tng ti cc mt phng nh trc. Lnh ny ch c tc dng i vi nhng i tng h (Opened Objects) khng c tc dng i vi i tng khp kn (Closed Objects) (hnh ch nht, ng trn chng hn) Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Extend hoc Ex Command: Extend Select boundary edges: (Projmode = UCS, Edgemode = No extend) Select objects: chn i tng lm mt phng s ko di n <Select object to extend>/Project/Edge/Undo: chn pha i tng mun ko di Nu chn U: s khng thc hin lnh ko di II.7. Lnh Stretch Lnh Stretch dng co dn i tng theo mt phng no , truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Stretch Command: Stretch Select object to stretch by crossing-windows or crossing-polygon...: chn cnh no ca i tng bng cch dng r chut thnh mt ca s bao quanh cnh Select objects: chn i tng
GT 2DCAD
Second point of displacement: nh im n Ch : lnh Stretch ch thi hnh i vi i tng cui cng (nu ta chn cng lc nhiu i tng. II.8. Lnh Lengthen Lnh Lengthen gip ta c th ko di hay rt ngn chiu di i tng (on thng hay cung trn) m khng cn dng mt phng ko di hay mt phng ct. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Lengthen hoc Len Command: Len DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic/<Select object>: Trong : <Select object>: chn i tng cn hiu chnh Current length: th hin gi tr hin hnh ca i tng DE (DElta) : chn ty chn ny, AutoCAD s m tip dng lnh Angle/<Enter delta length (0.0000)>: nhp gi tr dng xc nh on ko di nhp gi tr m xc nh on rt ngn Nu chn A, tc l ta s thay i chiu di ca cung Enter delta angle <0>: nhp gi tr gc (+: ko di), (-: rt ngn) <Select object to change>/Undo: chn i tng cn hiu chnh P (Percent) : chn tu chn ny, AutoCAD m tip dng lnh Enter percent length <100.0000>: nhp phn trm ta mun c ca i tng ta chn (>100: i tng c ko di; <100: rt ngn) <Select object to change>/Undo: chn i tng cn hiu chnh T (Total) : nhp tng chiu di hay tng gc ca i tng m ta mun Angle/<Enter delta length (0.0000)>: nhp tng chiu di hay chn A nhp tng gc <Select object to change>/Undo: chn i tng cn hiu chnh tng (tc l dng con tr chut nh v tr co hay dn chiu di i tng trn mn hnh) III. CC LNH TR GIP III.1. Xo i tng (Erase) Lnh Erase gip ta xa nhng i tng khng cn thit hay v khng nh , thc hin lnh bng mt trong nhng cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Erase hoc E Chn i tng cn xa click chut phi chn erase Command: E Select objects: chn i tng xa phc hi i tng b xa sau cng, ta c th dng lnh Undo hay Oops III.2. Lnh Oops Lnh Oops gip ta phc hi li cc i tng b xa sau cng, truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command: Oops
GT 2DCAD
III.3. Lnh Undo Lnh Undo dng hy b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc . Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command: Undo Command: Undo Auto/ Control/ BEgin/ End/ Mark/ Back/<number> <number> : nhp s ln Undo Auto : nu l On th cc i tng c v trong mi lnh xem nh l mt nhm. V d cc on thng v bng mt lnh Line s c hy b bi mt ln Undo Control : la chn ny iu khin vic thc hin cc la chn ca lnh Undo. Khi nhp C, xut hin dng nhc: All/ None/ One <All>, trong : All : thc hin tt c cc la chn ca lnh Undo One : ch hy b mt lnh va thc hin trc None : khng th thc hin vic hy b cc lnh ca AutoCAD BEgin : dng la chn ny nh du lnh u ca nhm lnh, lnh ny phi kt hp vi End End : kt hp vi BEgin, la chn ny nh du lnh cui ca nhm lnh v sau ta c th xa bi mt bc thc hin Mark : nh du lnh AutoCAD va thc hin m sau ny ta c th tr v bng la chn Back Back : hy b cc lnh thc hin n ln nh du (Mark) gn nht, nu khng nh du Mark th AutoCAD s xa tt c cc lnh thc hin trc III.4. Lnh Redo Lnh Redo dng sau lnh Undo phc hi mt lnh va hy trc . Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Redo III.5. Lnh Redraw Lnh Redraw dng xa cc du + (gi l cc Blipmode) trn mn hnh Command: Redraw hoc R III.6. Ty xa cc i tng tha (lnh Purge) Lnh Purge cho php ta ty xa nhng i tng tha (Block, Layer, Linetype, Shape, Text Style...) trong mt bn v. Truy xut lnh bng cch sau: Trn dng Command : Purge hay Pu Gi s ta cn xa lp TRUC c sn trn bn v hin hnh, khi ta s thc hin nh sau: Command: Purge hay Pu Purge unused Blocks/Dimstyles/LAyers/LTypes/SHapes/STyles/Mlinestyles/All: La Names to purge <*>: Verify each name to be purged? <Y> Purge layer TRUC? <N> y
GT 2DCAD
CHNG VII CC LNH V NHANH I Lnh Offset Lnh Offset dng to i tng mi song song vi i tng chn theo mt khong cch no . Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Offset hoc O Command: O Offset distance or Through <Through>: nhp vo khong cch hay dng chut chn im th nht v im th hai AutoCAD t tnh khong cch Select object to offset: chn i tng offset Side to offset: chn pha offset Th d v khunh tn Command: l LINE Specify first point: end of Specify next point or [Undo]: @-140,0 (v on thng 140 ) Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,32 ( v on thng 32 ) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Command: O ( nhp vo O hayOffset ) OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <8.0000>: 20 (cho gi tr khong cch cn v on thng song song ) Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:(chn i tng cn v song song) Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo]<Exit>chn hng v) Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Command: OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <20.0000>: 30 Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: (chn ) Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit> chn hng ) Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Command: OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <30.0000>: 15 Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
GT 2DCAD
Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Command: OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <15.0000>: 50 Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>: Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Command: OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <50.0000>: 8 Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>: Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Command: OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <8.0000>: Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>: Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Command: OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <8.0000>: Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>: Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Command: OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <8.0000>: Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>: Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*
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Ch : Lnh Offset s khng hiu qu i vi i tng l Points, Block v Text Sau khi v xong dng lnh trim
II Lnh Fillet Lnh Fillet gip ta v ni tip hai on thng (hay on thng vi cung trn hoc c hai u l cung trn) bi mt cung trn theo bn knh m ta nh sn. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Fillet Command: Fillet (TRIM mode) Current fillet radius = 10.0000 Polyline/Radius/Trim/<Select first object>: <Select first object>: mc nh l chn on thng th nht fillet, tip AutoCAD s a tip dng lnh: Select second object: chn on thng th hai fillet Polyline : nu on thng ta cn bo cung thuc polyline, chn tu chn ny AutoCAD s t ng bo tt c cc on thng ni tip nhau trong polyline bi cc cung c bn knh nh trc Radius : g R nh li bn knh cung trn. Khi gi tr R = 0, lnh Fillet c dng nh l lnh Trim (nu 2 i tng giao nhau v c phn tha ca hai on thng), khi ta click vo hai on thng th phn ta click s c gi li v phn kia s b ct (nu Trim c chn, ngc li vn gi nguyn); c bit khi hai on thng cn hiu chnh song song, chng s ni nhau bi na ng trn c ng knh l khong cch gia hai on thng Trim : chn ty chn ny, AutoCAD s a ra dng lnh Trim/No trim <Trim>: chn T, sau khi bo cung 2 i tng s t ng ct b phn 2 i tng giao nhau, chn N s khng ct III Lnh Chamfer Lnh Chamfer dng to mt on xin gia hai on thng hay ni khc i l vt mp hai on thng. Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer tng t lnh Fillet. truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Chamfer Command: Chamfer (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 10.0000, Dist2 = 10.0000 Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/<Select first line>: <Select first line>: mc nh l chn on th nht Select second line: chn on th hai Polyline : tng t nh Fillet
GT 2DCAD
Distance : dng la chn ny nhp gi tr hai khong cch (t im giao nhau ca hai on thng cn Chamfer n hai im ni ca ng xin vi hai on thng) Angle : la chn ny cho php ta nhp gi tr khong cch th nht v gc ca ng vt mp hp vi ng th nht Trim : tng t ln Fillet Method : chn mt trong hai phng php Distance v Angle IV Lnh Copy Lnh Copy dng sao chp i tng, truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Copy hoc Co Command: Copy Select objects: chn i tng <Base point or displacement>/ Multiple: mc nh l chn im c bn copy, nu mun copy t i tng thnh nhiu i tng khc ta chn M Second point of displacement: nh im n V Lnh Mirror Lnh Mirror dng to i tng mi i xng vi i tng ch nh qua mt trc no . Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Mirror hoc Mi Command: Mi Select objects: ch nh i tng mun mirror First point of mirror line: xc nh im th nht ca trc i xng Second point: xc nh im th hai ca trc i xng Delete old objects ? <N>: mc nh l khng xa i tng c, nu mun xa, chn Y (Yes) Ch : i vi i tng l Text: Nu mun i tng sau khi Mirror l i tng i xng ca Text chn, ta phi t bin h thng MirrText = 1 Nu mun i tng sau khi Mirror vn gi nguyn trt t ch, ta cho bin h thng MirrText = 0 VI Array Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy hnh ch nht (Rectangular array) hay sp xp xung quanh tm (Polar array) v cc dy ny c sp xp cch u nhau. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Array hoc Ar VII Rectangular Arrays Dng sao chp i tng c chn thnh dy c s hng v s ct nht nh. Command: Array Select objects : chn cc i tng cn sao chp Select objects : nhn ( kt thc vic chn Rectangular or Polar array (<R/P>) : hay R Number of rows (---) <1> : nh s hng mun sao chp Number of columns (|||) <1> : nh s ct mun sao chp
GT 2DCAD
Unit cell or distance between rows (---) : nhp khong cch gia cc hng Distance between columns (|||) : nhp khong cch gia cc ct Ch : Ta c th nhp khong cch di dng phn s Th d v nh hnh bn di. V trc mt hnh ch nht, chn hnh nhp vo Array v khai bo nh bn di
VII1..1 Polar Arrays La chn ny dng to cc dy sp xp xung quanh mt tm Command: Array Select objects : chn cc i tng cn sao chp Select objects : nhn ( kt thc vic chn Rectangular or Polar array (<R/P>) : P Base/<Specify center point of array>: chn tm ca dy Number of items: s nhm i tng cn sao chp ra Angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: gc in vo gi tr m s cng chiu kim ng h, gc c gi tr dng s ngc chiu kim ng h Rotate objects as they are copied? <Y>: c quay i tng khi sao chp hay khng (Y hay N); thng thng khi chn N cc i tng s sp xp khng u xung quanh tm quay
Kim (xp u xung quanh tm)
VIII HIU CHNH I TNG VI GRIPS ( nh ) Trong AutoCAD ta c th thc hin cc lnh hiu chnh: Stretch, Mirror, Move, Copy, Scale, Rotate ... bng cch dng GRIPS. GRIPS l cc vung tng t nh cc vung truy bt, ta c th dng GRIPS thay th cc phng php truy bt im.
GT 2DCAD
Lnh Ddgrips v cc bin iu khin Grips Ty thuc vo bin Grips l ON hay OFF ta c th dng Grips hiu chnh i tng. Ta c th nh bin ny v thay i kch thc cng nh thay i mu ca Grips bng hp thoi Grips. lm xut hin hp thoi ny ta c th g trc tip lnh Ddgrips hoc chn trn Menu chnh: Tools\Grips...
Trong : Enable Grips : chn m Grips Enable Grips Within Blocks : tt c i tng ca Block u xut hin du Grips nu trnh ny c chn, ngc li du Grips ch xut hin ti im chn khi Unselected...: mu ca Grips khi ta chn i tng Selected : mu ca Grips khi ta lm nng (HOT) v chun b thc hin lnh hiu chnh Grips Size : kch thc Grips VIII.1 Chn i tng vi Grips Khi i tng c chn v trn dng Command khng c bt k lnh no hin din th cc du Grips (Unselected...) s xut hin trn i tng v cc i tng c chn ny s tr thnh ng khut VIII.2 S dng ch Grips Hoc khi Grips ang trng thi HOT nu ta click phm phi chut, ta c mt menu th thc hin cc lnh hiu chnh nh Stretch, Move, Rotate, Scale, Mirror.
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GT 2DCAD
CHNG VIII. K THUT V NNG CAO

I POINT
Lnh Point c dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh: nh v i tng, giao im, v tr ng tim... trong trng hp ny xem Point l mt i tng ca AutoCAD, thc hin lnh bng cch: Nhp vo t dng Command : Point ( hoc Po ) Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Point\Single Point Command: Point Point: ch nh im Ta cng c th thay i kch c v hnh dng ca Point bng cch dng lnh Ddptype nh sau: Nhp vo t dng Command : Ddptype Trn Menu chnh : chn Format\Point Style...
Sau khi kch ng lnh Ddptype, AutoCAD s m hp thoi Point Style nh hnh Trong : Min trn cng: l hnh dng Point Point Size: Kch c Point Set Size Relative to Screen : kch c tng i so vi m hnh (theo % so vi mn hnh)
Set Size inAbsolute Units : nh kch thc tuyt i ca im (theo n v v)
II
DIVIDE Lnh DIVIDE dng chia cc i tng (line, arc, circle, pline, ...) thnh cc on c chiu di bng nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt i m gi lnh DIVIDE, thc hin theo cch sau: Nhp vo dng Command : Divide ( hoc Div Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Point\Divide ng trn c chia thnh 7 on
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GT 2DCAD
Trn Menu mn hnh : chn chn Draw\Point\Measure ng Sopyline c chia theo di cho trc th d bng 40 Command: Div Select object to divide : chn i tng mun chia on <Number of segments>/ Block : mc nh l nh s on cn chia, nu nhp B tc l cn chn mt khi (Block) vo cc im chia. Khi AutoCAD a tip cc dng nhc sau: Block name to insert: nhp tn khi cn chn Align block with object?<Y> : mun quay i tng khi chn, nu chn Y, AutoCAD a tip dng nhc sau: Numbers of segment : s on cn chia Vic th hin hnh dng v kch c ca Point hon ton tng t nh lnh Point trong phn I ca chng ny. III MEASURE Lnh Mesure cng tng t nh lnh Divide, nhng thay v phn chia i tng thnh nhng on bng nhau theo s on cho trc nh lnh Divide, lnh Mesure s phn chia i tng ra lm nhiu on theo di cho trc Thc hin lnh bng cch: Nhp vo t dng Command : Measure ( hoc Me ) Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Point\Measure Command: Me Select object to measure : chn i tng mun phn chia theo s o <Segment length>/ Block : mc nh l chn chiu di on, nu chn B tc l cn chn Block vo im chia Khi AutoCAD a tip cc dng nhc sau: Block name to insert : nhp tn khi cn chn Align block with object?<Y> : mun quay i tng khi chn, nu chn Y, AutoCAD a tip dng nhc sau: Segment length : chiu di on cn chia
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GT 2DCAD
IV DONUT Lnh Donut v hnh vnh khn, ging nh v ng trn c chiu rng. Lnh Donut c ng knh trong v ng knh ngoi. Khi: ng knh trong = ng knh ngoi : ta c ng trn ng knh trong < ng knh ngoi : ta c ng trn, chiu rng l hiu hai ng knh ng knh trong = ng knh ngoi : ta c hnh trn Thc hin lnh Donut bng cch: Nhp vo t dng Command : Donut ( hoc Doughnut Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Donut Command: Donut Inside diameter <gi tr mc nh> : nhp ng knh trong Outside diameter <gi tr mc nh> : nhp ng knh ngoi Center of doughnut : nh tm ca hnh vnh khuyn Donut c th c t mu hay ch gch cho ty thuc vo trng thi ON (hnh 6.4) hay OFF (hnh 6.5) ca lnh Fill Command: Fill
ON/<OFF>: ON V RAY (TIA) Lnh Ray dng to ng dng hnh (Construction Line hay CL). Ray c gii hn mt u cn u kia v tn, khng b nh hng bi gii hn v (Limits), khi Zoom... Thc hin lnh bng cch: Nhp vo dng Command : Ray Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Ray Command: Ray From point : im bt u ca Ray, im 1 hnh Through point : im xc nh hng ca Ray, im 2 hnh Through point : tip tc to hng khc hay enter kt thc lnh
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VI XLINE Lnh Xline, tng t nh lnh Ray, cng c dng to ng dng hnh nhng Xline l ng thng khng c im u v im cui. Nu b ct mt u, Xline s tr thnh Ray. Nu ct c hai u, Xline s tr thnh Line. Thc hin lnh Xline bng cch: Nhp vo dng Command : Xline ( hay Xl Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Construction Line Command: Xl XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: Trong :
Hor : to Xline nm ngang. Chn ty chn ny, AutoCAD s a ra tip dng nhc Through point: chn im m ng nm ngang Xline s i qua
Ver : to Xline thng ng. Chn ty chn ny, AutoCAD s a ra tip dng nhc Through point: chn im m ng thng ng Xline s i qua Ang : chn gc nghing cho ng Xline. Chn ty chn ny, AutoCAD s a ra tip dng nhc sau: Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: o Mc nh l nhp gc nghing so vi ng nm ngang, AutoCAD a ra dng nhc Through point: chn im m ng xin Xline s i qua o Nu nhp R: th ta chn ng tham chiu v nhp gc nghing so vi ng tham chiu ny Select a line object : chn ng tham chiu Enter angle < > : nhp gc nghing so vi ng tham chiu Bisect : to Xline trng vi ng phn gic c xc nh bi ba im: im th nht: xc nh nh ca gc; im th hai v th ba: xc nh gi tr gc. Chn ty chn ny AutoCAD s a ra cc dng nhc sau XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: nu nhp B Specify angle vertex point: chn im lm nh gc Specify angle start point: chn cnh th nht ca gc Specify angle end point: chn cnh th hai ca gc Offset : to Xline song song vi mt ng c sn. Chn ty chn ny AutoCAD s a ra nhng dng nhc sau XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: o Specify offset distance or [Through] <50.0000>: nhp khong cch Select a line object :chn cnh m Xline s song song Specify side to offset :chn hng ca ng song song Select a line object : tip tc chn hay enter kt thc lnh VII SKETCH Lnh Sketch dng v phc tho bng tay. Khi v s hin ln cc on thng ngn lin tc theo s di chuyn ca con chy. Dng lnh ny dung lng bn v rt ln v AutoCAD phi qun l nhiu i tng hn.
GT 2DCAD
Thc hin lnh bng cch: Command : Sketch Record increament <1.0000>: nhp gi tr mi on thng nh (bm chut v v) Sketch. Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Connect. <Pen down> <Pen up> Trong : Record increament: quyt nh mn ca hnh v. Gi tr mc nh l 1.0000. Gi tr ny cng nh th dung lng bn v cng ln. Khi v t do vi lnh Sketch th Snap v Ortho phi tt hnh v khng b gy khc Sketch : gm c Pen v Record Pen : gm Pen down v Pen up. Pen down: v, Pen up: khng v. Chuyn i qua li 2 chc nng ny bng click nt tri chut Record : ghi tt c cc ng v phc tm thi trc thnh ng c nh. Sau khi ghi, cc ng ny khng th hiu chnh vi cc la chn ca Sketch Exit : ghi tt c cc ng tm v v thot khi lnh Sketch Quit : cho php thot khi lnh Sketch v b tt c nhng ng v Erase : cho php xa mt cch chn lc t v tr bt k ca ng cho n cui, nhng khng xa c cc ng Record Connect : cho php ni cc ng phc tho sau khi nhc bt Lin quan ti lnh Sketch c bin SKPOLY SKPOLY = 0 : cc on thng l cc i tng line ring bit SKPOLY = 1 : cc on thng ni kt li thnh mt ng lin tc VIII POLYLINES (A TUYN) VIII.1 V Polylines Lnh Pline thc hin nhiu chc nng hn lnh Line. N c th to i tng c rng, c th to c cc i tng l cc on thng v cc cung trn... Thc hin lnh bng cch: Command : Pline ( hay Pl Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Polyline VIII1..1 Ch v on thng Command: Pline Specify start point:chn im bt u ca Pline Current line-width is 0.0000 chiu rng hin hnh ca pline l 0 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:nhp ta im k tip (truy bt im) hay p cc ch hoa s dng cc la chn Trong : Close : ng pline bi 1 on thng Halfwidth : nh na chiu rng phn on sp v Starting halfwidth < >: nhp gi tr na chiu rng u phn on Ending halfwidth < > : nhp gi tr na chiu rng cui phn on
GT 2DCAD
Length: v tip mt phn on c phng chiu nh on thng trc . Nu phn on trc l cung trn th n s tip xc cung trn Undo : hy phn on va v Width : nh chiu rng phn on sp v, tng t Halfwidth VIII1..2 Ch v cung trn Command: Pline Specify start point: nhp ta im bt u ca pline Current line-width is 0.0000 : chiu rng hin hnh ca pline l 0 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: chn A Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: Trong : Close : cho php ta ng a tuyn bi 1 cung trn Halfwidth, Width, Undo: tng t nh ch v on thng Angle : tng t nh lnh Arc khi ta nhp A s c dng nhc: Included angle: nhp gi tr gc tm Center/ Radius/ <Endpoint>: chn im cui, tm hoc bn knh CEnter : tng t lnh Arc, khi ta nhp CE s c dng nhc: Center point: nhp ta tm Angle/ Length/ <Endpoint>: Direction : nh hng ca ng tip tuyn vi im u tin ca cung. Khi ta nhp D s xut hin dng nhc sau: Direction from starting point: nhp gc hay chn hng Endpoint: nhp ta im cui Radius : xc nh bn knh cong ca cung, khi p R s xut hin dng nhc: Radius: nhp gi tr bn knh Angle/ <Endpoint>: Second pt : nhp ta im th hai v im cui c th xc nh cung trn i qua 3 im. Khi p S s xut hin: Second point : nhp im th hai End point : nhp im cui Line : Tr v ch v on thng VIII.2 Hiu chnh Polylines - Lnh Pedit Lnh Pedit (Polyline edit) c rt nhiu la chn dng hiu chnh a tuyn. y. Ta ch trnh by hiu chnh a tuyn 2D Thc hin lnh bng cch: Command : Pedit Trn Menu chnh : chn Modify\Object\Polyline Ta c th chia ra thnh 2 loi hiu chnh: hiu chnh ton b a tuyn v hiu chnh cc nh & cc phn on a tuyn
GT 2DCAD
VIII2..1 Hiu chnh ton b a tuyn Command: Pedit Select polyline or [Multiple]:chn a tuyn cn hiu chnh Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: Trong : Close (Open): ng a tuyn ang m hoc m a tuyn ng Join : ni cc on thng, cung trn hoc a tuyn vi cc a tuyn c chn thnh 1 a tuyn chung (ch ni c trong trng hp cc nh ca chng trng nhau). Chn ty chn ny, s xut hin dng nhc: Select objects: chn cc i tng cn ni vi a tuyn chn Select objects: nhn ( kt thc lnh Sau khi ( xong, AutoCAD a ra thng bo n segments added to polyline: n on c cng vo a tuyn Width : nh chiu rng mi cho ng Pline. Chn ty chn ny, xut hin dng nhc: Enter new width for all segments: chiu rng mi cho c a tuyn Fit : chuyn a tuyn thnh 1 ng cong l tp hp cc cung trn tip xc nhau, i qua cc nh ca a tuyn Spline : lm trn cc gc cnh Decurve : chuyn cc phn on l cc cung trn ca a tuyn thnh cc phn on thng Undo : hy 1 la chn va thc hin EXit : kt thc lnh Pedit VIII2..2 Hiu chnh cc nh v cc phn on a tuyn Khi chn Edit vertex ca dng nhc chnh, ta chuyn sang ch hiu chnh cc nh v cc phn on. Command: Pedit Select polyline or [Multiple]:chn a tuyn cn hiu chnh Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: E Enter a vertex editing option [Next/Previous/Break/Insert/Move/Regen/Straighten/Tangent/Width/eXit] <N>: Lc ny xut hin du X, nh du nh m chng ta cn hiu chnh Trong : Next : di nh n im k tip Previous : di nh n im trc Break : xa cc phn on gia cc nh m ta chn, khi chn B: Next/ Previous/ Go/ eXit: Next, Previous: di du X n im cn xa Go: thc hin chc nng xa eXit: thot khi ty chn Break Insert : chn 1 nh mi vo a tuyn, khi chn I:
GT 2DCAD
Enter location of new vertex: nhp ta ca nh mi Move : di 1 nh ca a tuyn n v tr mi Enter new location: nhp ta v tr mi ca nh Regen: cp nht chiu rng nt v mi v v li hnh Straighten : nn thng cc phn on nm gia cc nh c nh du Next/ Previous/ Go/ eXit: thc hin tng t lnh Break Tangent : nh hng tip tuyn ti cc nh ca ng cong to c khi Fit a tuyn, khi chn T s xut hin dng nhc: Direction of tangent: chn hng tip tuyn Width : nh chiu rng nt v ca phn on sau nh ang chn ca a tuyn: Enter starting width : chiu rng ban u phn on Enter ending width : chiu rng im cui phn on EXit : thot ra khi ch hiu chnh nh IX SPLINE IX.1 Thc hin lnh Spline Lnh Spline dng to ng cong NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Bezier Spline). Lnh Spline c th to cc ng cong c bit nh: Arc, Circle, Ellipse... ng Spline ny khc hn vi Pline Spline (ng Spline to t a tuyn Spline ca lnh Pedit). ng Spline i qua tt c cc im m ta chn, cn ng Pline Spline c ko v cc nh a tuyn. Do , ta dng lnh Spline to ng cong chnh xc hn Pline. Khi s dng lnh Spline, ta cn xc nh cc im m Spline s i qua v nu Spline m th ta cn phi xc nh thm ng tip tuyn vi Spline ti im u v im cui. Gi lnh Spline bng cch: Command : Spline ( hoc Spl ) Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Spline Command: Spline Specify first point or [Object]: chn im u cho Spline Specify next point: chn im k tip Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:ta im k tip Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:ta im k tip Specify start tangent:chn hng tip tuyn ti im u hay Enter chn mc nh Specify end tangent:chn hng tip tuyn ti im cui hay Enter chn mc nh Cc ty chn: Objects : chuyn ng Pline Spline thnh ng Spline Command: Spline Object/ <Enter first point>: O Select objects to convert to splines: chn cc i tng chuyn thnh Spline
GT 2DCAD
Select objects: chn Pline Spline Select objects: chn Pline Spline hoc Enter kt thc vic chn Close : ng kn ng Spline Fit Tolerance : to ng cong Spline mn hn. Khi gi tr ny bng 0 th ng Spline i qua tt c cc im chn. Khi gi tr ny khc th ng cong ko ra xa cc im ny to ng cong mn hn Close/ Fit Tolerance/ <Enter point>: F Enter Fit tolerance<0.0,0.0>: nhp gi tr dng IX.2 Hiu chnh ng Spline Lnh Splinedit dng hiu chnh hnh dng ca Spline. Da vo cc im xc nh Spline, ta c hai nhm la chn hiu chnh Spline: DATA POINT v CONTROL POINT. Data Point l nhng im m Spline i qua, cn Control Point l nhng im khng nm trn Spline nhng c tc dng ko ng Spline v hng cc im ny. Gi lnh bng cc cch sau: Command : Splinedit Trn Menu chnh : chn Modify\Object\Splinedit Command: Splinedit Select spline: chn Spline cn hiu chnh Fit Data/ Close/ Move Vertex/ Refine/ rEverse/ Undo]: dng nhc chnh ca Spline IX2..1 Data Point Ti dng nhc chnh, ta chn F (Fit Data) hiu chnh theo Data Point, AutoCAD a ra dng nhc sau: Add/ Close/ Delete/ Move/ Purge/ Tangents/ toLerance/ eXit <eXit>: Trong : Add : thm Data Point vo Spline. ng Spline thay i v i qua im mi nhp vo, ti dng nhc Enter point:, ta chn 1 im trn Spline th im v im tip sau s c t m mu. ta c th nhp im mi vo gia 2 im c nh du ny Enter point : chn 1 im trn Spline Enter new point : v tr ca im mi Close/ Open : ng ng Spline ang m (ty chn Close) hoc m Spline ang ng (Open) Move : dng di 1 im Data Point n v tr mi, chn M s xut hin dng nhc: Next, previous/ Select Point/ eXit/ <Enter new location> <N>: dng N, P chn im k tip hoc S l im ang chn xc nh im cn di, sau chn v tr mi Delete : xa cc im ra khi Spline Purge : xa tt c cc im ca Spline. cc im ny xut hin tr li, ta chn Undo ti dng nhc k
GT 2DCAD
Tangents : thay i hng cc ng tip tuyn ti cc im u v cui ca Spline toLerance : tng t ty chn Fit Tolerance ca lnh Spline IX2..2 Control Point Trn dng nhc chnh ca Spline, ngoi tr ty chn Fit Data, cc ty chn cn li u dng hiu chnh cc im Control Point ngha cc ty chn: Close/ Open : ng ng Spline ang m (ty chn Close) hoc m Spline ang ng (Open) Move Vertex : di 1 im iu khin bt k Refine : chn ty chn ny s lm xut hin dng nhc Add control point/ Elevate Order/ Weight/ eXit <eXit>: Trong : Add control point : thm im iu khin vo Spline. Ti dng nhc Select a point on the Spline chn 1 im gn v tr im iu khin mun thm vo Elevate Order : thm s cc im vo theo chiu di ng Spline. Nhp gi tr t n n 26 vi n l s cc im iu khin ang c + 1 Weight : gi tr Weight ca 1 im iu khin cng ln th ng Spline s i gn im ny hn Enter new weight (current=1.0000) or Next/ Previous/ elect point/ eXit <N> : REverse : o ngc th t cc im iu khin ca Spline X MULTILINE Lnh Mline (Multiline) dng v cc ng song song, mi ng song song c gi l thnh phn (element) ca ng Mline. Ti a ta to c 16 thnh phn. Trc khi thc hin lnh, ta cn nh kiu cho Multiline, sau khi cn, ta c th hiu chnh n. X.1 nh kiu a tuyn_Lnh Mlstyle Truy xut lnh bng cch: Command : Mlstyle Trn Menu chnh : chn Format\Multiline Style... Command: Mlstyle
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Khi thc hin lnh Mlstyle, xut hin hp thoi Multiline Style (nh hnh ) Dng ghi kiu Mline, gi 1 kiu Mline tr thnh hin hnh, to mi, ... Set Current : tn kiu Mline hin hnh New : t tn mi cho Mline v khai bo nh hp thoi bn / Ok Modify: gi li kiu Mline khai bo chn Rename : i tn Delete : xa Load... : ti 1 kiu Mline t cc file c phn m rng .MLN Save, hp thoi Save Multiline Style xut hin (nh hnh), to th mc,t tn Save Multiline Style
X.2 Thc hin lnh a tuyn_Lnh Mline Sau khi to c kiu a tuyn, ta thc hin lnh bng cch: Command : Mline ( hay Ml ) Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Multiline Command: Mline Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Trong : Justification:nhp J xut hin dng Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: trong nh v tr ng Mline bng ung tm (Zero offset element), ng trn (Top offset element - hay nm bn tri ng tm nu nhn theo hng v) hoc ng di (Bottom offset element - nm bn phi ng tm)
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Scale : nh t l cho khong cch gia cc thnh phn bin ng Mline. Ph thuc vo kiu ng Mline ta nhp cc gi tr khc nhau. Nu kiu ng Mline l STANDARD th khong cch gia ng tm vi 2 ng Mline l +0.5 v -0.5. Do t l bng chiu rng gia cc thnh phn. V d Scale = 20 th khong cch gia cc element bin l 20 STyle : chn kiu ng Mline. to kiu Mline, ta s dng lnh Mlstyle X.3 Hiu chnh a tuyn_Lnh Mledit hiu chnh a tuyn, ta dng lnh Mledit. Thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Mledit Trn Menu chnh : chn Modify\Object\Multiline Hnh :Multiline Edit Tools
C 4 b hiu chnh Mline, l: Cross, Tee, Coner, Cut Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD a ra hp thoi (nh hnh 6.12) X3..1 Cross (ng t) Loi ny bao gm Closed Cross (ng t kn), Open Cross (ng t h), Merged Cross Closed Cross:Mline chn trc b trim ti nhng giao im vi Mline th hai Open Cross :Hai Mline chn u b ct, to thnh ng t h Merged Cross: tch nhng phn t pha ngoi v gi nguyn phn t trung tm ca mi Mline ti ch giao nhau, th t chn Mline khng nh hng X3..2 Tee (ng ba) To ng ba gia hai Mline, Trim hay Extend ca Mline chn u tin, ging nh Cross vi 3 hnh thc Closed Tee, Open Tee,Merged Tee X3..3 Corner (gc) Thay i nhng nh ca 1 hay 2 Mline bao gm Joint ( 1-3), Delete ( 23), Add ( 3-3) Corner Joint : to gc gia hai Mline, v tr im chn trn Mline u tin s quyt nh phn gi li ca Mline
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Add Vertex : thm nh ti im chn ca Mline Delete Vertex : b bt nh ca Mline ti im chn X3..4 Cut (ct) Loi ny dng ct b hay ni li 1 on Mline hay 1 vi phn t trong Mline, bao gm Cut Single ( 1-4: ct 1 phn t trong Mline), Cut All ( 2-4: ct tt c cc phn t trong Mline), Weld All ( 3-4: ni li nhng Mline b ct) XI ELLIPSE Lnh Ellipse dng v ng Elip, truy xut lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Ellipse Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Ellipse Ty thuc vo bin PELLIPSE, ng Elip c th l: PELLIPSE = 1 : ng Elip l 1 a tuyn, a tuyn ny l tp hp cc cung trn, ta c th s dng lnh Pedit hiu chnh PELLIPSE = 0 : ng Elip l ng Spline, y l 1 ng cong NURBS (xem lnh Spline) v ta khng th Explode n c Nu bin PELLIPSE = 0, ta c 3 phng php to Elip: 1. Nhp ta mt trc v khong cch na trc th hai 2. Nhp tm, im cui mt trc v khong cch na trc th hai 3. To mt cung Elip XI.1 Ta mt trc v khong cch na trc cn li Command: Ellipse Arc/ Center/ <Axis endpoint 1>: nhp ta im th nht ca trc th nht Axis endpoint 2: nhp ta im th hai ca trc th nht <Other axis distance>/Rotation: chn im th ba lm khong cch na trc cn li hay c th nhp khong cch trc tip (hnh 6.13a). Ty chn Rotation dng xc nh na khong cch trc cn li theo gc. Nu chn R, AutoCAD s a tip dng nhc a/ Ellipse bng cch dng khong cch b/ Ellipse bng cch quay
Rotation about major axis: nhp gc so vi trc th nht (xem hnh 6.13b) XI.2 Tm v cc trc Command: Ellipse Arc/ Center/ <Axis endpoint 1>: chn C Center of Ellipse: chn im lm tm ca Ellipse Axis endpoint: chn im xc nh trc th nht
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<Other axis distance>/ Rotation: chn im th hai xc nh trc th hai. Ty chn R tng t nh mc XI.1. XI.3 V cung Elip Ty chn Arc trong lnh Ellipse cho php ta v cung Elippse. Cung Ellipse s c v ngc chiu kim ng h tng t lnh Arc. u tin, ta nh dng Ellipse, sau nh im u v im cui ca cung. Command: Ellipse Arc/ Center/ <Axis endpoint 1>: A <Axis endpoint 1>/ Center: chn im u ca trc th nht (hnh 6.14a) Axis endpoint 2: chn im th hai ca trc th nht (hnh 6.14b) <Other axis distance>/ Rotation: khong cch na trc th hai Parameter/ <Start angle>: chn im hay nhp gi tr gc Hnh 6.14. Cung Ellipse
Parameter/ Included/ <End angle>: chn im 2 hay nhp gi tr gc XII HATCHING XII.1 V mt ct (lnh Bhatch) Lnh Bhatch dng v k hiu ca vt liu trn mt ct trong mt ng bin kn. vt liu c th hin th, ta m lnh Fill bng cch g trc tip t bn phm nh trc tip vo dng Command: Fill ON/OFF: chn ON Gi lnh Bhatch v mt ct, ta c th dng cc cch sau: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Bhatch Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Hatch... Khi ta thc hin xong, AutoCAD s a ra hp hi thoi sau (hnh 6.15)
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XII.2 Chn mu mt ct (Pattern Type) La chn ny dng chn dng cc mu mt ct: Predifined, User-defined, Custom nh hnh Chon mau mat cat
Predefined : loi c sn trong AutoCAD trong tp tin Acad.pat. chn la mu mt ct, ta c th click vo Pattern... hay click vo hnh nh (bn phi Pattern) User-defined: s dng cc loi pattern do ta to trc Custom : s dng cc file *.pat c to t nhng ngun khc XII.3 Gn cc tnh cht cho mu mt ct (Pattern Properties)
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gi c Tool Properies. Trc tin bn bm t hp phm (Ctrl+3), sau vo chut phi mt no chn properties. Hp thoi tool properties gip cc bn chn kiu mt ct, mu, gc, XII.4 Xc nh vng v mt ct (Boundaries) Min Boundaries dng nh min Hatch gm cc ty chn nh sau:
Add Pick Point : chn ty chn ny AutoCAD s yu cu chn im bn trong ng bin, AutoCAD s t ng xc nh ng bin cho chng ta, y l cch n gin nht xc nh min hatch Add Select Objects : chn min hatch bng cch chn i tng, cch ny ch hiu qu i vi cc polyline khp kn Remove Boundaries : cho php lp y cc i tng nh (Islands) bn trong i tng m ta cn hatch View Selection : cho php xem ng bin chn trc khi hatch
Island Detection : nu chn ny th cc Islands bn trong ng bin kn s c chn khi dng Pick point xc nh ng bin o Boundary Style : chn cc kiu v mt ct, c 3 kiu: Normal, Outer v Ignore (hnh trn) Retain Boundaries : nu khng chn ty chn ny th sau khi hatch xong AutoCAD s t ng xa ng bao chung quanh; nu chn, AutoCAD s gi li ng bao sau khi hatch
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CHNG IX. CH & KCH THC

TEXT 1. To kiu ch (lnh Style) Trc khi vit ch cho bn v, vic u tin l to kiu ch, lnh Style gip ta thc hin iu ny. Thc hin lnh Style bng cch: * Trn dng Command : Style hoc St hoc -Style * Trn Menu chnh : Format\Text Style... * Trn Menu mn hnh : Format\Style Nu ta g vo dng Command ch -Style, ta s i thoi trc tip vi AutoCAD, cc cch thc hin cn li s c AutoCAD a ra hp hi thoi sau Text Style I.
Trong :
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a.
b.
c.
d. Text
Trnh Style Name * Style Name : dng hin th tn ca kiu Text * New... : to kiu Text mi * Rename... : i tn Style c sn * Delete : xa tn Style khng cn thit Trnh Font * Font Name : chn Font ch * Font Style: chn kiu ch Thng (Regular), In (Bold), Nghing (Italic) .. * Height : chiu cao ch (nu ta khng nh chiu cao ch vo ny, th khi gi lnh Text, ta c th thay i c chiu cao ch trong mi ln vit, cn khi ta nhp chiu cao ch khc 0, AutoCAD s khng hin th dng Height trong mi ln thc hin lnh Text) Trnh Effects * Upside down : ch i xng gng theo phng ngang * Backwards : ch i xng nhau theo phng thng ng * Vertical : ch c vit tng k t mt v vit t trn xung di * Width Factor : t l cc ch; nu bng 1: ch c t l bnh thng; nu nh hn 1: ch co li; nu ln hn 1: ch gin ra. Theo tiu chun: H s chiu rng cho ch hoa v ch s l 5/7 H s chiu rng cho ch thng l 4/7 * Oblique Angle : nghing so vi phng thng ng ca ch. Nu bng 0: ch thng ng; nu > 0: ch nghing sang phi; nu < 0: ch nghing sang tri. Ch ch ghi trong bn v phi thng ng (gc nghing 00) hoc nghing so vi mt phng nm ngang 1 gc 750 (tc l nghing khi nhp vo ny l 15) Trnh Preview Gip ta c th xem trc c kiu ch, thuc tnh cng nh cc cch th hin
Sau khi thc hin cc trnh trn, ta click vo nt chn Apply; nu hy b lnh, ta nhp vo nt chn Cancel 2. Nhp ch vo bn v 2.1 Bin Textfill Bin Textfill c 2 ch : tt (OFF) v m (ON). Khi Textfill: ON, ch s c t y, ngc li ch s rng (ch th hin ng vin). Thc hin lnh bng cch: Command: Textfill ( (chn 1: ON; chn 0: OFF) 2.2. Lnh Dtext Lnh Dtext cho php ta nhp cc dng ch vo bn v t bn phm. Trong mt lnh Dtext, ta c th nhp nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau v dng ch s xut hin trn mn hnh trong khi ta thc hin lnh * Trn thanh Draw : click vo biu tng * Trn dng Command : Dtext * Trn Menu chnh : Draw\Text\Single Line Text * Trn Menu mn hnh : Draw 2\Dtext Command: Dtext Justify/Style/ <Start point>: chn im canh l tri
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Height < >: chiu cao ch. Theo tiu chun, chiu cao ch hoa c gi tr: 14; 10; 7; 5; 3.5; 2.5 mm. Chiu cao ch thng c ly bng 5/7 cc chiu cao ch hoa (1[1]) Rotation angle <0.0000>: nghing ca dng ch so vi phng nm ngang v quay theo chiu dng Text: nhp dng Text t bn phm Text: tip tc nhp Text hoc Enter kt thc lnh Cc la chn: Start point : im bt u vit Text Style : chn kiu ch nh. Chn S (Style) s xut hin tip dng nhc Style name (or ?): nhp tn kiu hoc chn ? lit k tt c cc kiu nh Justify : khi p J s xut hin tip dng nhc: Align/ Fit/ Center/ Middle/ Right/ TL/ TC/ TR/ ML/ MC/ MR/ BL Trong : * Align : ch nhp vo nm gia 2 im nh trc. T s gia chiu cao v chiu rng dng ch ph thuc vo Width Factor. Do ng vi khong cch cho trc, AutoCAD t ng nh chiu cao Text * Fit : tng t Align nhng chiu cao c xc nh, ty chn ny b qua t l gia chiu cao v chiu rng ch * Cc ty chn khc: T (top: trn), B (bottom: di), L (left: tri), R (right: phi), M (middle: gia theo phng thng ng), C (center: gia theo phng ngang) a/ Align b/ Fit c/ Center d/ Middle e/ Right Hnh 7.2. Cac la chon canh le
Mc ich Gch trn Gch di K hiu K hiu cng,tr K hiu ng knh
Bng k t c bit G t bn phm Kt qu %%Oacad Acad %%Uacad Acad 50%%d 500 %%p40 40 %%c30 30
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2.3. Lnh Text Lnh Text cng tng t nh Dtext, nhng ta ch c th ghi c 1 dng ch m thi v dng ch ny ch xut hin khi ta kt thc lnh. Thc hin lnh bng cch: * Trn dng Command : Text Command: Text Justify/ Style/ <Start point> : chn im canh l Height < > : chiu cao dng Text Rotation angle <0.0000>: gc nghing ca Text Text: nhp dng ch vo bn v, sau ( s kt thc lnh 2.4. Lnh Mtext Lnh Mtext cho php to 1 an vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung hnh ch nht. on vn bn ny l 1 i tng duy nht ca AutoCAD, ta c th ph v on vn bn ny thnh nhng dng Text ring l bng lnh Explode Thc hin lnh Mtext bng mt trong nhng cch sau y: * Trn dng Command : Mtext * Trn Menu chnh : Draw\Text\Multiline Text * Trn Menu mn hnh : Draw 2\Mtext Command: Mtext Current text style: STANDARD. Text height: 100 Specify first corner: im gc th nht on vn bn Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Rotation/Style/Width]: im gc i din hay chn cc la chn cho on vn bn
I.1. Hiu chnh Text I.1.1. Lnh Ddedit Lnh Ddedit cho php thay i ni dung dng Text v nh ngha thuc tnh Thc hin lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau (c th bm hai ln chut tri lin k) Trn dng Command : DDedit Nhp hai ln chut tri vo ch cn sa Nu nhng ch ta cn hiu chnh c thc hin t lnh Mtext s xut hin hp thoi nh hnh
Ddedit ca dtex
ddedit ca mtext
3.2. Lnh Ddmodify Thay i tt c cc c tnh lin quan ti dng Text bng hp thoi
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Thc hin lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau: * Trn dng Command : DDmodify * Trn Menu chnh : Modify\Properties... Command: DDmodify Cad 2007 vic chnh thc hin rong hp thoi Properties
AutoCAD s a ra hp thoi nh hnh 4. Lnh Qtext Nhm lm tng tc hin th v truy xut bn v. Lnh ny thay th cc dng ch thnh nhng hnh ch nht. Mc nh Qtext l OFF (hin th dng Text), khi gi tr ny ON: cc dng Text s c thay th bng nhng hnh ch nht Command: Qtext ON/OFF < >: g vo ON hay OFF
II. DIMENSIONING (NG KCH THC) II.1. Cc thnh phn ca kch thc First Extension Line(ng giong th nhat) Second Extension Line(ng giong th hai) Arrow(Mui ten) Dimension Text(Ch so kch thc) P1 P2 Dimension Line(ng kch thc)
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P1
P2
II.2. nh kiu kch thc thay i cc bin kch thc v to cc kiu kch thc, ta dng lnh Ddim, thc hin lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau: Command : Ddim hoc D Trn Menu chnh :Format / Dimension Style... Sau khi thc hin lnh s xut hin hp thoi Dimension Style nh hnh
Trong : Set Current : la chn tn kiu kch thc lm kch thc hin hnh New : to mi to cc ch s, ng ging, ng kch thc, mi tn Chn modify. Hp thoi Modify nh hnh gm 7 th ( hng dn c th khi hc thc hnh)
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II.3. Ghi kch thc( nh hnh bn trn ) Cch n gin nht l dng cc biu tng trn thanh cng c Dimension Ghi kch thc thng Lnh Dimlinear : dng ghi kch thc nm ngang v thng ng Command : Dimlinear hoc Dimlin Lnh Dimaligned : dng ghi kch thc xin Command : Dimaligned hoc Dimali Ghi kch thc hng tm (bn knh, ng knh) Lnh Dimdiameter : dng ghi kch thc ng knh Command : Dimdiameter hoc Dimdia Lnh Dimradius : dng ghi kch thc bn knh Command : Dimradius hoc Dimrad Lnh Dimcenter : dng v du tm (Center Mark) hay ng tm (Center Line) ca ng trn hay cung trn Command : Dimcenter hoc DCE Ghi kch thc gc (lnh Dimangular) Lnh Dimangular : dng ghi kch thc gc Command : Dimangular hoc Dimang Ghi kch thc theo ng dn (lnh Leader) Lnh Leader : dng ghi ch thch Command :Leader hoc Lead hoc Le Ghi chui kch thc 1) Ghi chui kch thc song song (lnh Dimbaseline)
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Dng lnh ny ta s ghi c kch thc song song vi kch thc va ghi v cng cng ng ging th nht vi kch thc va ghi. Command: Dimbaseline hoc Dimbase hoc Dba 2) Ghi chui kch thc lin tc (lnh Dimcontinue) II.4. Hiu chnh ch s kch thc Lnh DimTEdit Lnh DimTEdit cho php ta thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch thc mt cch lin kt (Left: tri, Right: phi, Home: khng i, Angle: quay ch s kch thc 1 gc no so vi phng nm ngang) Command :DimTEdit hoc DimTEd Lnh DimEdit Lnh DimEdit dng thay i nghing ch s kch thc v ca ng ging ang hin th trn mn hnh Command: DimEdit Dimension Edit (Home/New/Rotate/Oblique) <Home>: Home : a ch s kch thc tr v v tr ban u (sau khi ta quay ch s kch thc) New : thay i gi tr ca ch s kch thc Rotate : quay ch s kch thc 1 gc so vi phng nm ngang Oblique: t nghing ng ging so vi ng kch thc. S dng ty chn ny ghi kch thc hnh chiu trc o II.5. Hiu chnh kch thc lin kt Hiu chnh kch thc bng GRIPS
Dng GRIPS, ta c th hiu chnh v tr ca cc ng kch thc, ch s kch thc, theo gi tr ca ch s kch thc s thay i theo nu ta co gin kch thc. hiu chnh bng GRIPS, ta s chn kch thc, sau s chn mt trong cc vung hin th trn kch thc n khi vung i mu, ta di chuyn n v tr mi Ph v kch thc bng lnh EXPLODE Kch thc lin kt l mt i tng duy nht, do khi mun xa kch thc, ta ch cn chn bt k mt thnh phn no trong kch thc lin kt Khi ta dng lnh Explode ph v kch thc, ta khng th hiu chnh kch thc bng GRIPS ng thi khi ta thay i thuc tnh kch thc n s khng tc dng i vi nhng kch thc b ph v kt cu (Explode) Hiu chnh kch thc bng lnh DDMODIFY
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Lnh DdModify dng thay i tnh cht v tt c cc bin kch thc, ni dung ca ch s kch thc. Khi ta chn lnh hiu chnh ny, hp thoi properties xut hin v cc ty chn cng tng t nh khi ta nh cu hnh kch thc
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CHNG X K THUT HIU CHNH NNG CAO

Trong chng ny chng ta s cp n cc lnh hiu chnh cao cp ca AutoCAD nh lnh DDCHPROP, DDMODIFY, CHANGE ng thi ly thng tin t bn v nh: Din tch, Chu vi... ca i tng. I. LNH DDCHPROP Lnh Ddchprop ch hiu chnh cc tnh cht c bit ca i tng nh: mu, lp, loi nt, b dy i tng... Thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command: Ddchprop AutoCAD m hp thoi properties, ch nh i tng cn chnh sa v khai bo cc chnh sa rong hp thoi II. LNH DDMODIFY Lnh Ddmodify cho php hiu chnh i tng v tt c nhng tnh cht ca i tng, ng vi mi loi i tng, AutoCAD m hp thoi Modify tng ng nh hnh 8.1, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Ddmodify Trn thanh Menu chnh : chn Modify\Properties... Dng phm tt : Ctrl+1 AutoCAD m hp thoi properties, ch nh i tng cn chnh sa v khai bo cc chnh sa rong hp thoi III. LNH CHANGE Lnh Change x l i tng nh lnh Ddchprop nhng khng m hp thoi ch giao din vi AutoCAD qua dng lnh, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Change Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD m ra cc dng sau: Select Object : ch nh i tng Properties/<Change point> : default l xc nh im thay i, nu ta chn Properties, AutoCAD yu cu xc nh mt s ty chn sau: Change What Property (Color/Elev/layer/Ltype/ItScale/Thickness)? IV. LY THNG TIN BN V HIN HNH IV.1. Lnh Status Lnh Status cung cp cho chng ta tnh trng ca bn v hin hnh, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Status Trn Menu chnh : chn Tools\Inquiry\ Status Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD m Text Window thng bo tnh trng bn v hin hnh. IV.2. Lnh Dblist Lnh Dblist cung cp nhng thng tin ca tt c i tng trong bn v hin hnh, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Dblist Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD m Text Window thng bo cc thng tin ca tt c i tng trong bn v hin hnh. IV.3. Lnh List Lnh List cung cp nhng thng tin ca cc i tng c chn, thc hin lnh bng cch:
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nh trc tip vo dng Command
: List
Trn thanh cng c Object Properties : click vo biu tng thanh Inquiry Trn Menu chnh : chn Tools\Inquiry\ List Sau khi lnh c khi ng, AutoCAD s a ra tip yu cu: Select objects : chn i tng sau enter AutoCAD s m ra ca s thng bo thng tin ca i tng c chn trn AutoCad Text Window IV.4. Lnh Dist Lnh Dist cung cp cho ta khong cch gia hai im v gc phng ca on thng , thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Dist Trn thanh cng c Inquiry:click vo biu tng Trn Menu chnh : chn Tools\Inquiry\ Distance Sau khi lnh c khi ng, AutoCAD s a ra tip yu cu: First point : nh im th nht Second point : nh im th hai V d: cn bit khong cch gia 2 im trn mt on thng nm ngang ca hnh ch nht, ta thc hin: Command: Dist Specify first point: Specify second point: Sau khi chn xong 2 im, AutoCAD s a ra thng tin sau: Distance = 25.0000, Angle in XY Plane = 0, Angle from XY Plane = 0 Delta X = 25.0000, Delta Y = 0.0000, Delta Z = 0.000 IV.5. Lnh ID Lnh ID cung cp cho chng ta thng tin v v tr ca cc i tng trn bn v, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : ID Trn thanh cng c Inquiry : click vo biu tng Trn Menu chnh : chn Tools\Inquiry\ ID point Command: ID Point: nh iem tren oi tng IV.6.Lnh Area Lnh Area cung cp cho ta thng tin v Din tch, Chu vi ca i tng, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Area Trn thanh cng c Inquiry : click vo biu tng Trn Menu chnh : chn Tools\Inquiry\ Area Command: Area AutoCAD a ra tu chn Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]:
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Trong : Object : Chn i tng cn bit din tch v chu vi Add : cng thm i tng vo. Subtract : tr bt i tng ra Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: o ( g o ) Select objects: chn i tng Area = 1250.0000, Perimeter = 150.0000 IV.7. Lnh Mass Properties Lnh Mass Properties cung cp cho ta nhng thng tin v khi lng, th tch, moment qun tnh, trng tm... ca vt th c (solid), thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Massprop Trn thanh cng c Inquiry : click lick vo biu tng Trn Menu chnh : chn Tools\Inquiry\ Mass Properties Command: Massprop Select objects: chn i tng IV.8. Lnh Calculator (CAL) Lnh CAL tnh ton biu thc theo quy tt ton hc chun v th t u tin: Nhng biu thc trong ngoc n c tnh trc, c th nh sau: Cc ton t c sp theo th t u tin: u tin l s m, tip theo l nhn v chia, v cui cng l cng v tr. Cc ton t ngang bng s c xp u tin theo th t t tri sang phi Thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Cal Trn thanh cng c Standard : click vo biu tng Lnh Cal c th tnh c cc biu thc s hc thng thng v biu thc vector IV.8.1. Biu thc s hc (Numeric Expressions) Biu thc s hc l nhng con s thc, s t nhin... v nhng hm s c ni kt bi nhng ton t sau: Ton t Php ton () ^ *,/ +, Nhm biu thc Biu th cho s m, ly tha Nhn, Chia Cng, tr
Sau y l nhng v d v cch tnh cc biu thc s hc 3 3 + 0.6 (5.8^2) + PI IV.8.2. Biu thc vector (Vector Expressions) Biu thc Vector l tp hp ca nhng dim, vector, cc con s v nhng hm s c lin kt vi nhng ton t sau: Ton t () & Php ton Nhm biu thc Tch hu hng, kt qu dng vector [a,b,c]&[x,y,z] = [ (b*z) - (c*y) , (c*x) - (a*z) , (a*y) - 98 Lu hnh ni b
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* *,/ +, -
(b*x) ] Tch v hng, kt qu dng s thc [a,b,c]*[x,y,z] = ax + by + cz Nhn, Chia s thc vi 1 vector a*[x,y,z] = [a*x, a*y, a*z] Cng, tr cc vector (ta ca nhng im) [a,b,c] + [x,y,z] = [a+x, b+y, c+z]
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CHNG XI KHI & THUC TNH (BLOCKS & ATTRIBUTES)

Khi l mt i tng duy nht ca AutoCAD, n c th l mt nhm i tng, 1 bn v to thnh mt i tng duy nht. Vic s dng khi gip ta tit kim c thi gian v bng cch to th vin nhng hnh mu s dng chung cho nhiu bn v, sau ny khi cn ta chn vo ch khng cn phi v li. Ngoi ra khi to khi ta cng cn xc nh nhng thuc tnh ca n. Ta ln lt i vo nhng vn va nu. I. LNH BLOCK Lnh Block to khi ch c gi tr trong bn v hin hnh. Thc hin lnh bng cc cch sau: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Block Trn thanh cng c Draw Trn thanh Menu chnh Command: Block : click vo biu tng : chn Draw\Block\Make
Name : nh tn khi Base point : chn im chn cho khi Select Objects : chn cc i tng to khi Ch : Khi nh ngha Block vi cc i tng c v trn lp khc lp 0, khi chn vo bn v n vn mang tnh cht ca lp to nn n. Khi nh ngha Block vi cc i tng c v trn lp 0, khi chn vo bn v n s mang tnh cht ca lp hin hnh. II. LNH WBLOCK Khi nh ngha i tng bng lnh Wblock, ta c th chn khi c to ra vo bt c bn v no ta mun, v khi i tng c ghi li thnh 1 file bn v ca AutoCAD. Thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command: Wblock
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Command: Wblock AutoCAD m hp thoi nh hnh Tu chn
chn ng dn
Ti dng File name and path : t tn cho block v chn ni lu III. LNH INSERT, DDINSERT AutoCAD cung cp cho ta cc lnh Insert, Ddinsert chn khi vo bn v, thc hin lnh bng cc cch sau: nh trc tip vo dng Command: Ddinsert ( hay Insert Trn thanh cng c Draw : click vo biu tng Insert block Trn thanh Menu chnh : chn Insert\Block... Chn ng Ta chn Gc hnh chn
T l kch thc chn
IV. LNH MINSERT Lnh MINSERT gip ta chn Block thnh nhiu i tng theo s sp xp trc, ging nh ln Array, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Minsert Command: Minsert Enter block name or [?]: br2 (a tn block cn chn ) Units: Millimeters Conversion: 1.0000 (nh im chn ) Specify insertion point or [Basepoint/Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate]: Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: x (t l theo x) Specify X scale factor or [Corner] <1>: 1 Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: y (t l theo y)
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Requires numeric value. Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: 1 Specify Z scale factor or <use X scale factor>: z (t l theo z) Requires numeric distance or second point. Specify Z scale factor or <use X scale factor>: 1 Specify rotation angle <0>: nh gc quay Enter number of rows (---) <1>: nh s hng Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: nh s ct Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): nh khong cch gia cc hng Specify distance between columns (|||): nh khong cch gia cc ct Th d Command: minsert Enter block name or [?]: br2 Units: Millimeters Conversion: 1.0000 Specify insertion point or [Basepoint/Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate]: Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: x Specify X scale factor or [Corner] <1>: 1 Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: y Requires numeric value. Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: 1 Specify Z scale factor or <use X scale factor>: Specify rotation angle <0>: Enter number of rows (---) <1>: 5 Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: 5 Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): 100 Specify distance between columns (|||): 100 Kt qu nh hnh
LNH BASE Khi 1 bn v c chn vo 1 bn v khc vi ta im chn l (0,0,0), lnh Base dng thay i ta im chn, thc hin lnh bng cch:
V.
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Command: Base Base point <0.0000,0.0000,0.0000>: nh im chn mi VI. LNH EXPLODE Lnh Explode dng ph v cu trc ca i tng nh: polyline, block, hatch... ra thnh nhiu i tng ring l, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Explode Trn thanh cng c Modify : click vo biu tng Trn thanh Menu chnh : chn Modify\Explode Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD a ra dng sau: Select objects: chn i tng cn explode ri nhn enter VII. THUC TNH (ATTRIBUTES) VII.1. nh ngha thuc tnh ca Khi Thuc tnh ca khi l nhng bin thng tin vn bn i km theo khi khi chn vo bn v. Thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command: Ddattdef ( hay Attdef ) Trn thanh cng c Attribute : click vo biu tng Trn Menu chnh : chn Draw\Block\Define Attribute...
Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD m ra hp thoi Attribute Definition nh hnh 9.5. Trong : Min Mode Min ny xc nh cch th hin cc thuc tnh vi cc ty chn sau: Invisible : khng cho thy thuc tnh Constant : tnh cht khng thay i trong qu trnh chn khi, hng s Verify : cho php hin th dng nhc kim tra v c th thay i li nh ngha thuc tnh Preset : cc nh ngha thuc tnh c th thay i c nhng trong qu trnh chn khi, AutoCAD khng a ra dng nhc VII.1.2. Min Attribute Min ny nh thng s thuc tnh ca khi vi cc thnh phn sau: Tag : nh tn gc ca thuc tnh Prompt : nh dng nhc cho AutoCAD Value : nh gi tr thuc tnh, thng tin ca thuc tnh VII.1.3. Min Text Options
VII.1.1.
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Min ny nh hnh thc vn bn a vo thuc tnh ca khi. VII.1.4. Min Insert point Min nh im chn ca thuc tnh. VII.2. Hiu chnh nh ngha thuc tnh ca Khi Lnh Ddedit cho php ta hiu chnh li nhng nh ngha thuc tnh ca khi, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command: Ddedit VIII. HIU CHNH THUC TNH KHI AutoCAD cho php ta hiu chnh cc thuc tnh nm trong khi vi 2 lnh c bn: Ddatte v Attedit VIII.1. Lnh Ddatte Lnh Ddatte ch cho php hiu chnh gi tr thuc tnh i vi Block hin hnh, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Ddatte Trn thanh cng c Attibute : click vo biu tng Trn Menu chnh : Modify\Object\Attribute\Single... Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD a ra dng sau: Select Block: chn Block cn hiu chnh VIII.2. Lnh Attedit Lnh Attedit cho php hiu chnh tt c cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh mt cch c lp vi nh ngha thuc tnh, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Attedit Trn thanh cng c Attibute : click vo biu tng Trn Menu chnh : Modify\Object\Attribute\Global Command: Attedit Edit attributes one at a time? <Y> : Block name specification <*> : Attribute tag specification <*> : Attribute value specification <*> : Select Attributes : ch nh nhng thuc tnh VIII.3. Lnh Attredef Lnh Attedef s dng khi cn nh ngha li 1 khi v hiu chnh li thuc tnh ca khi, thc hin lnh bng cch: nh trc tip vo dng Command : Attredef Trn thanh cng c Attibute : click vo biu tng Command: Attredef Name of Block you wish to redefine: nhp tn Block mun nh ngha li Select Object for new block... Select Object : chn i tng to Block mi Insert base point of new block : nh im chn cho Block mi
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CHNG XII B TR BN V & IN N

I. PHN GII MN HNH (VIEWRES)
Bin h thng Viewres iu khin phn gii mn hnh khi xem bn v, gi lnh bng cch nh trc tip vo dng Command ch Viewres Command: Viewres Do you want fast zooms? <Y> Enter circle zoom percent (1-20000) <100>: 20000
II.
LNH TM NHN (VIEW)
III. KHNG GIAN M HNH (Model Space)

Trong AutoCAD c 2 khng gian lm vic l khng gian m hnh (Model Space) v khng gian giy v (Paper Space). Trc tin, ta s tm hiu khng gian m hnh l g? Model Space l ni ta to ra nhng bn v cn bn hay bn v mu. Thng thng khi mi bt u bn v, dng lnh Mvsetup, ta vo khng gian m hnh v lm vic trn vi mt cng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewports) mc nh. Tiled Viewports ch c th thc hin trong khng gian m hnh. Khi mun to nhiu cng nhn tnh, ta c th:
T Menu chnh: chn View\Tiled Viewports. AutoCAD s m tip menu th nh hnh.

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Nu chn New Viewports, AutoCAD s a ra cc cch b tr cng nhn mu, theo ta c th chn (nh hnh bn di )
Hay t dng Command: g Vports AutoCAD s hin th hp thoi nh trn Thng thng th ta ch cn mt cng nhn tnh l , ch khi no ta cn xem i tng t nhiu pha, ta mi cn to nhiu cng nhn ng. i tng c to ra khi lm vic trn mt cng nhn no , cng hin th trn tt c cc cng nhn cn li.
IV. KHNG GIAN GIY V (Paper Space)

Khng gian giy v (Paper Space) l khng gian thng dng sp xp cc i tng v trong khng gian m hnh (Model Space) theo mt trt t nht nh (theo ngi v). Trn khng gian giy, ta cng c th v i tng, nh: khung tn, thanh tiu , kch thc ... Ln u tin, khi mi chuyn sang khng gian giy, ngi v s cm thy b ng
Chn trc tip vo Layout1 hay Layout2 Trn thanh trng thi : nhp vo MODEL (nh hnh ) Model (Paper ) V. S DNG KHNG GIAN GIY V & KHNG GIAN M HNH Trong phn chuyn i qua li gia khng gian m hnh v khng gian giy, mt bin h thng rt quan trng l bin TILEMODE
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Khi cn lm vic trong cng nhn tnh, bin h thng TILEMODE: 1 => ta c khng gian m hnh Khi bin h thng TILEMODE:0 => khng gian giy v. M TILEMODE bng cch: T dng Command: g Tilemode AutoCAD m ra dng New value for TILEMODE <0>: g vo 1 Nhp p trn thanh trng thi cho ti khi ch TILE sng li Trn thanh Menu chnh: chn View\Model Space(Tile) Chuyn i qua li gia khng gian m hnh v khng gian giy v ta c th s dng bin TILEMODE bng cch: T dng Command: g Tilemode Enter new value for TILEMODE <0>: 1 (khng gian m hnh) Cng cn lu rng, cc i tng khi cn x l, hiu chnh c v trong khng gian no phi vo khng gian mi c th thao tc c.
VI. IN BN V (Plotting Drawing)

Trong AutoCAD, c th xut bn v ra giy theo 2 ch : khng gian m hnh v khng gian giy v.
Plot to file : in thnh file vi phn m rng l PLT Sau khi nhp vo biu tng trn thanh cng c chun (Standard toolbar), hp thoi Plot m ra nh hnh ( cc khai bo hng dn trong gi thc hnh ) Plot area Xc nh thng s ca min in, gm cc ty chn sau: Display : in tt c nhng g AutoCAD thy trn mn hnh Extent : in tt c cc i tng trong bn v, b qua lnh limits Limits : in nhng i tng trong min Limits Window : in theo ca s chn Min Paper Size and Orientation C 2 ty chn n v: theo inch v theo mm Ty chn Rotation and Origin... Xc nh ta im gc v hng quay ca giy v Ty chn Plotted MM v Drawing Units Khi in theo khng gian giy v th Plotted v Drawing Units u c gi tr l 1 Khi in theo khng gian m hnh th Plotted MM vn gi tr 1 nhng Drawing Units s mang gi tr ca h s t l. Ty chn Preview Dng xem trc khi in Cui cng ta chn OK.
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F1 F2 F3 hay Ctrl+F F5 hay Ctrl+E F6 hay Ctrl+D F7 hay Ctrl+G F8 hay Ctrl+L F9 hay Ctrl+B F10 hay Ctrl+U F11 hay Ctrl+W Chut tri Chut phi Phm Enter Phm Esc Ctrl+C Ctrl+J Ctrl+N Ctrl+O Ctrl+P Ctrl+S Ctrl+V Ctrl+X Ctrl+Y Ctrl+Z Ctrl+\ Ctrl+1
Mt s phm tt trong Cad Lnh Hep Lnhchuyn t ca s ha sang ch vn bn Tt m ch truy bt thng tr Khi v hnh chiu trc o 2D phm ny dng chuyn t v tr mt phng hnh chiu trc o ny sang mt phng hnh chiu trc o khc Dng tt hay m ta im ng trn mn hnh Dng tt hay m li im trn mn hnh Dng tt hay m Ortho, khi ortho on ng thng c v nm hay ng Dng tt m bc nhy Dng tt m dn hng cc Polar Tracking Dng tt m ch dn hng truy bt Dng chn Xut hin menu ( ty chn lnh ) Kt thc lnh Hy b lnh ang thc hin Lnh copy Tong t nh Enter Thc hin lnh New Lnh Open Lnh in Lnh Save Lnh Paste Lnh Cut Lnh Redo Lnh Undo Hy mt lnh ( Cancel) M hp thoi Properties
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TI LIU THAM KHO
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MC LC
CHNG I PHN I GII THIU AUTOCAD 2007 PHN II GII THIU KHI QUT CHNG II T CHC BN V CHNG III CC BC,LNH V C BN CHNG IV CC LNH TRUY BT I TNG CHNG V LP & DNG NG NT CHNG VI K THUT HIU CHNH C BN CHNG VII CC LNH V NHANH CHNG VIII. K THUT V NNG CAO CHNG IX. CH & KCH THC CHNG X K THUT HIU CHNH NNG CAO CHNG XI KHI & THUC TNH (BLOCKS & ATTRIBUTES) CHNG XII B TR BN V & IN N
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Trng Trung cp Bch Ngh

GII THIU AUTOCAD [':tou] [kd] 2007

Ngi son : KS Hunh Trng Chinh

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Mn hnh ha AutoCAD 2007

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I.4.1. Chn Open a Drawing biu tng c sn

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I.4.3. Chn Use a Template [ju:s] c sn ca AutoCad 2007

Chn Use a Wizard [ju:s]

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Chn Advanced Setup / Ok [d'v:nst] ['setp] ( bn chn tun t nh trong hnh )

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Hp thoi Select File [si'lekt] [fail] ( Hp thoi open )

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Right click v tr bt k trn thanh Standard (th d ti v

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Hp thoi Options II . 9 Con tr (Cursor) v Vng v (Drawing Window)

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Vng v l vng ta s th hin cc i tng v.

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Hp thoi Drawing Units va hp thoi Direction Control Dng n v o chiu di (Units)

Hp thoi Drawing Units

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Dng ny yu cu ta chn b rng kh giy v. Dng ny yu cu ta chn chiu cao kh giy v.

( Bn c th chn kch thc kh giy nh phn III.5.3 )

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CHNG III CC BC,LNH V C BN

Line Polylin Pline RectangCircle

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Ngi son : KS Hunh Trng Chinh

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