TRONGNGUYEN THC HNH ORACLE

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NGUYN HU TRNG trong@nguyenhuutrong.com

THC HNH nhng tc v c bn

ORACE THC HNH nhng tc v c bn MC LC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. A.

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GII THIU EBOOK ORACLE THC HNH .....................................................................4 GII THIU ORACLE ...............................................................................................................5 CI T ORACLE V TO MI DATABASE ...................................................................5 TO MI SCHEMA TRONG ORACLE ............................................................................. 14 KHI NIM SCHEMA V USER TRONG ORACLE ...................................................... 15 LIT K DANH SCH SCHEMA TRONG ORACLE ....................................................... 18 TO MI TABLESAPCE TRONG ORACLE ..................................................................... 20 TO BNG TRONG ORACLE VI ID T NG TNG ............................................ 22 IMPORT / EXPORT D LIU TRONG ORACLE ............................................................ 26 CI T ORACLE CLIENT ............................................................................................... 31 KT NI ORACLE CLIENT TI ORACLE DATABASE SERVER .............................. 44 CI T ORACLE SQL DEVELOPER 3 ......................................................................... 54 HNG DN G B ORACLE CLIENT...................................................................... 60 PH LC............................................................................................................................... 67 Thay i thit lp Character Set trong Oracle Database ................................ 67

B. Mt s lnh hu ch trong Oracle SQL Plus ............................................................. 70 C. 1) Khc phc mt s li c bn trong Oracle ......................................................... 73 Khc phc li ORA-28056: Writing audit records to Windows Event Log

failed 73 2) 3) Khc phc li ORA-39213 Metadata processing is not available........ 77 Khc phc li Some required prerequisite checks have failed khi ci

t Oracle Client 11g trnn Windows 7 ....................................................................... 78

ORACE THC HNH nhng tc v c bn BNG THUT NG # 1 2 3 Thut ng CSDL SQL Plus Command Dos C s d liu Gii ngha

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Cng c ca Oracle gip thao tc vi Database Server Hay Command Prompt l ca s dng lnh trong Windows

4 5

Database Server Client

My ch c s d liu ci t Oracle Database Server My trm ci t Oracle Client

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1. GI I THIU EBOOK ORACLE TH C HNH

Ebook Oracle thc l tng hp cc tc v c bn m bn thng xuyn thc hin khi thao tc vi Oracle Database & Client nh: ci t v khi to Oracle Database, to mi user, schema, to mi bng, import /export d liu. Bn di l s m t tng quan v cc tc v :
Ci t Oracle Database

To mi Schema trong Oracle

To mi Tablespace trong Oracle

To mi bng trong Oracle

Import/Export d liu trong Oracle

Ci t Oracle Client

Kt ni Oracle Client ti Oracle Database Server

Ci t Oracle SQL Developer 3

Ph lc Tp hp lnh hu ch khi thao tc cng Oracle SQL

Plus

Khc phc mt s li Oracle thng gp

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Cc bi vit trong Ebook Oracle Thc hnh phn ln c tng hp t chuyn Oracle trn website http://nguyenhuutrong.com/tag/oracle/. nh ban u ca tc gi khi vit nhng bi trn l chia s nhng kinh nghim lm vic thc t v Oracle, sau khi post ln website cc bi vi t nhn c s ng h ca bn c thng qua s lt xem v th t trao i tr gip Oracle nn tc gi quyt nh tng hp thnh mt cun Ebook c th h thng ha cc chuyn m c nh mt cun cm nang c bn v Oracle v chia s ti nhiu bn c quan tm hn na.

2. GI I THIU ORACLE
ORACLE l mt b gii php c cung cp bi cng ty

ORACLE(http://www.oracle.com/us/index.html) y l mt h qun tr CSDL c tnh bo mt cao, h tr tt cc m hnh truy cp d liu tp trung cng nh phn tn. Gii php Oracle bao gm cc sn phm sau: H qun tr CSDL Oracle Database c ci t trn my ch Database Server. Oracle Client c ci t ti my trm cho php cc ng dng ti my Client truy cp v thao tc vi ng dng ti my ch. Cng c cho vic thit k v qun tr CSDL nh Oracle Designer, Oracle SQL Developer, SQL Plus. PL/SQL l ngn ng th tc c pht trin bi Oracle dng xy dng cc i tng trong Oracel Database nh Procedures,Triggers .

3. CI T ORACLE V TO M I DATABASE

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Trong phn ny cc bn s tin hnh ci t c s d liu Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (Oracle 11gR2) trn my ch Windows Server 2008. Cc bc ci t ny cng c th p dng tng t trn h iu hnh my ch Windows Server 2003 Sau khi download load thnh cng 2 files win32_11gR2_database_1of2 & win32_11gR2_database_2of2, bn s dng mt chng trnh gii nn (v d WinRAR) v chn gii nn file u tin c mt th mc c tn l database vi dung lng 2,15Gb. Sau bn click p vo file setup.exe trong th mc ny bt u qu trnh ci t Oracle 11gR2. mn hnh u tin Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Installer Installing database Step 1 of 9 hin ra, bn in email ca bn vo Email, khng chn nt I wish to receive v nhn Next tip tc.

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Trong phn ny chng ta s thc hin ci t phn mm Oracle 11gR2 v to mt master database nn bn hy chn option Create and configure a database mn hnh tip theo Step 2 of 9.

Bn la chn Desktop Class mn hnh Step 3 of 9 tip theo v nhn Next tip tc.

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bc tip theo bn thit lp cc thng tin v th mc ci t Oracle v thng tin v c s d liu s c khi to trong qut trnh ci t.

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Bn ch nhng im sau Mc Character Set theo mc nh s c chn l Default

(WE8MSWIN1252), nhng bn nn la chn l Unicode (AL32UTF8) h tr ting Vit tt hn. Nu bn qun chn ti bc ny bn c th tham kho bi vit sau thc hin vic chuyn i character set cho Oracle database sau khi hon tt ci t. Oracle gi password bn thit lp nn c ti thiu l 8 k t, v c cha k t vit hoa, vit thng v s. V d 1 password ng vi gi ca Oracle l Oracle123. Nu bn khng in ng password theo gi trn th pha cui ca mn hnh Step 4 of 8 s c thng bo:

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V mi khi bn nhn Next th s c cnh bo sau hin ra, gp trng hp ny bn quay li mn hnh Step 4 of 8 v chn li password hp tiu chun, vd: Oracle123.

Sau khi thit lp xong cc thng tin trn bn nhn Next chuyn sang mn hnh tip theo Step 6 of 8.

Ti y Oracle s thc hin kim tra cc yu cu ci t phn mm c tha mn cha, nu thnh cng bn s c chuyn tip ti mn hnh Step 7 of 8.

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Bn nhn Finish bt u qu trnh ci t Oracle 11gR2.

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Qu trnh ci t din ra tm 50 pht ty theo tc my tnh ca bn, sau Oracle s hin nn mn hnh sau thng bo qu trnh ci t chun b hon tt.

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Bn nhn OK Oracle tip tc hon thin cc phn vic ci t cui, sau mn hnh Step 8 of 8 hin nn thng bo qu trnh ci t Oracle Database 11g Release 2 hon tt.

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Chc mng bn ci t thnh cng Oracle Database 11g R2.

4. TO M I SCHEMA TRONG ORACLE

Gi s bn mun to mi 1 schema trong Oracle tn l sample_schema vi password l oracle_pass th bn c th lm theo cch sau: Login vo SQL Plus (bn vo ca s Command Dos (hay Command Prompt) sau chn sqlplus truy cp vo SQL Plus) Trong phn user name bn g: sys as sysdba, vic g user name nh th ny gip bn truy cp vo Oracle m khng cn bit password admin

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Bn cng c th ng nhp vi quyn sysdba bng cch g dng lnh sqlplus /as sysdba ngay ti ca s Command Dos, tham kho danh sch cc lnh SQL Plus hu ch khc xin mi bn truy cp vo ng link sau.

Sau khi ng nhp vo SQL Plus vi quyn sysdba, bn g vo cc dng lnh sau to schema vi tn v password nh trn (sample_schema/oracle_pass) create user sample_schema IDENTIFIED BY oracle_pass; grant dba to sample_schema ; grant connect to sample_schema Vic to schema hon tt, bn c th p dng cch ny cho c Oracle 10g v Oracle 11g

5. KHI NIM SCHEMA V USER TRONG ORACLE

Trong phn 4 ti gii thiu ti cc bn cch to mi 1 Schema trong Oracle, phn ny ti s gii thch c th hn khi nim lin quan ti User v Schema

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cc bn hnh dung r hn c ch qun l ti khon v i tng d liu trong Oracle. User l mt ti khon trong c s d liu Oracle, sau khi c khi to v gn quyn bng lnh CREATE USER th ti khon ny c php ng nhp v s hu mt schema trong c s d liu Schema l 1 tp hp cc i tng trong c s d liu Oracle c qun l bi 1 user no , cc i tng ca schema c th l table, view, stored procedures, index, sequence... Schema c t ng to cng vi user khi thc thi lnh CREATE USER trong SQLPLUS. Mi quan h gia User v Schema l quan h 1 1, mt User ch qun l 1 Schema, v cng ch c 1 Schema c khi to khi thc thi lnh CREATE USER. Vic lu tr vt l cc i tng d liu ca Schema(nh table, indexes, clusters) c thc hin bi cc Tablespace, 1 Tablespace c th lu d liu ca nhiu Schema v cc i tng d liu trong 1 Schema c th c lu tr trong nhiu Tablespace khc nhau ty theo m hnh d liu. Ngoi cc user c to bng lnh CREATE USER, khici t v to global database th Oracle cng khi to sn 1 danh mc cc user mc nh nh danh sch bn di: # Username 1 ANONYMOUS Password invalid password

2 AURORA$ORB$UNAUTHENTICATED INVALID 3 AWR_STAGE 4 CSMIG 5 CTXSYS CTXSYS AWR_STAGE

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ORACE THC HNH nhng tc v c bn # Username 6 DBSNMP 7 DEMO 8 DIP 9 DMSYS 10 EXFSYS 11 HR (Human Resources) 12 OE (Order Entry) 13 SH (Sales History) 14 LBACSYS 15 MDSYS 16 ORACLE_OCM 17 ORDPLUGINS 18 ORDSYS 19 OUTLN 20 PERFSTAT SCOTT ADAMS 21 JONES CLARK BLAKE 22 SYS HR OE SH LBACSYS MDSYS ORACLE_OCM ORDPLUGINS ORDSYS OUTLN PERFSTAT TIGER WOOD STEEL CLOTH PAPER Password DBSNMP DEMO DIP DMSYS

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CHANGE_ON_INSTALL or INTERNAL

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ORACE THC HNH nhng tc v c bn # Username 23 SYSTEM 24 TRACESVR 25 TSMSYS 26 XDB Password MANAGER TRACE TSMSYS

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6. LIT K DANH SCH SCHEMA TRONG ORACLE

Trong bi vit gii thch v khi nim User v Schema trong Oracle bn bit Schema l tp hp cc i tng trong c s d liu Oracle nh table, view, stored procedures... v cc i tng ny c lu tr vt l trong 1 hoc nhiu Tablespce. Schema c mi quan h 1-1 vi User v c khi to t ng mi khi chy lnh CREATE USER. Trong bi ny ti s hng dn cc bn cch lit k cc User/Schema hin c trn c s d liu Oracle, v cc User/Schema ny l do bn khi to bng lnh CREATE USER ch khng phi l cc User / Schema mc nh ca Oracle. Bn vo SQLPLUS v ng nhp vi username l sys as sysdba, sau chy dng lnh sau: select distinct owner from dba_segments where owner not in ('ANONYMOUS','AURORA$ORB$UNAUTHENTICATED', 'AWR_STAGE','CSMIG','CTXSYS',

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ORACE THC HNH nhng tc v c bn 'DBSNMP','DEMO','DIP','DMSYS','DSSYS','EXFSYS', 'HR','OE','SH','LBACSYS','MDSYS','ORACLE_OCM', 'ORDPLUGINS','ORDSYS','OUTLN','PERFSTAT','SCOTT', 'ADAMS','JONES','CLARK','BLAKE','SYS','SYSTEM', 'TRACESVR','TSMSYS','XDB','WMSYS','WKSYS', 'OLAPSYS','SYSMAN','PM','IX');

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Cu lnh trn s gip truy vn cc User/Schema m bn khi to bng lnh CREATE USER v loi b nhng User/Schema mc nh ca h thng. Kt qu ca cu truy vn ny s c hin th nh hnh di:

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7. TO M I TABLESAPCE TRONG ORACLE

Tablespace l cu trc lu tr logic trong c s d liu Oracle, v l logic nn bn khng tm c Tablespace di dng file trn h iu hnh m Oracle ang c ci t. D liu ca Tablespace c lu trong 1 hoc nhiu datafiles (c m rng l .dbf) v l cc file v t l trn h thng file ca h iu hnh. Mi quan h gia Tablespace v datafiles l mi quan h 1 : nhiu tc l 1 Tablespace c th lu d liu trn nhiu datafiles, nhng 1 datafile ch c lin kt vi duy nht 1 Tablespace, datafile c khi to khi bn to mi 1 Tablespace. Trong bi vit ny ti s hng dn cc bn cch to mi 1 Tablespace v c 1 datafile cha d liu trong Oracle.

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Trc tin bn login vo SQLPlus vi quyn sys as sysdba, sau bn s dng nhm lnh sau to mi 1 Tablespace tn l sample_tablespace. create tablespace sample_tablespace datafile 'sample_tablespace.dbf' size 50m autoextend on next 10m maxsize 100m; Sau khi copy nhm lnh trn vo SQLPlus ( paste 1 nhm lnh t clipboard vo SQLPlus bn nhn chut phi vo sau v tr SQL> v chn Paste), bn nhn enter Oracle thc thi cu lnh ny. Dng kt qu Tablespace created sau hin ra thng bo bn to mi thnh cng 1 Tablespace c tn l sample_tablespace.

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Bn cng c th kim tra kt qu to mi Template bng cch lit k ton b cc Tablespace ang c trn Oracle v xem c tn ca Tablespace bn va to khng bng cu lnh sau: select * from v$tablespace; Danh sch ton b cc Tablespace hin ra, bn kim tra v thy c Tablespace SAMPLE_TABLESPACE va to

Chc mng bn to v kim tra thnh cng Tablespace trong Oracle.

8. TO B NG TRONG ORACLE V I ID T NG TNG

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Gi s bn mun to mt bng trong Oracle c trng ID (kiu s) v ID ny t ng tng mi khi bn insert d liu vo bng th bn c th thc hin theo cc bc sau. To mi bng Trong bi ny chng ta s cng to bng c tn l SOCIAL_NETWORKS lu tn nhng mng x hi ph bin nht hin nay. Cu trc bng ny nh sau: Bng SOCIAL_NETWORKS lu tn cc mng x hi id name description id kha chnh kiu s, t ng tng tn mng x hi m t ngn gn v mng x hi

Bn dng nhm lnh sau trong SQL Plus to bng theo cu trc trn. CREATE TABLE SOCIAL_NETWORKS( ID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,NAME CHAR(20),DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(200));

To mi mt Sequence Sau khi to bng SOCIAL_NETWORKS chng ta cn to 1 Sequence gip t ng tng trng ID cho bng ny, ID ny s c gi tr bt u t 1 v c tng +1 cho mi ln mt hng d liu mi c chn vo bng. Nhm lnh SQL to Sequence ny nh sau: CREATE SEQUENCE AUTO_INCREMENT_SEQUENCE START WITH 1

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ORACE THC HNH nhng tc v c bn INCREMENT BY 1;

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To mi 1 Trigger Chng ta s dng 1 Trigger kch hot Sequence va to, Trigger ny s gip gi ti AUTO_INCREMENT_SEQUENCE tng trng ID ln 1 trc khi lnh Insert d liu vo bng c gi. CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER AUTO_INCREMENT_TRIGGER BEFORE INSERTON SOCIAL_NETWORKS REFERENCING NEW AS NEW FOR EACH ROWBEGINSELECT AUTO_INCREMENT_SEQUENCE.NEXTVAL INTO :NEW.ID FROM DUAL; END; /

Insert d liu vo bng v kim tra kt qu Chn d liu vo bng sau khi to cu trc Sau khi to xong Table, Sequence v Trigger bn dng nhm lnh sau chn nhiu dng d liu cha tn cc mng x hi vo bng SOCIAL_NETWORKS.

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ORACE THC HNH nhng tc v c bn INSERT ALLINTO SOCIAL_NETWORKS(NAME, DESCRIPTION)VALUES ('Facebook','Facebook - stylized facebook is a social networking service and

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website launched in February 2004, operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc')INTO SOCIAL_NETWORKS(NAME, DESCRIPTION)VALUES ('Flickr','Flickr is almost certainly the best online photo management and sharing application in the world.')INTO SOCIAL_NETWORKS(NAME, DESCRIPTION)VALUES ('Twitter','Twitter is a website, owned and operated by Twitter Inc., which offers a social networking and microblogging service, enabling its users to send and read messages called tweets')INTO

SOCIAL_NETWORKS(NAME, DESCRIPTION)VALUES ('Youtube','YouTube is a video-sharing website on which users can upload, share, and view videos, created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005')INTO SOCIAL_NETWORKS(NAME, DESCRIPTION)VALUES ('Digg','Digg is a place for people to discover and share content from anywhere on the web')INTO

SOCIAL_NETWORKS(NAME, DESCRIPTION)VALUES ('StummbleUpon','StumbleUpon is a discovery engine (a form of web search engine) that finds and recommends web content to its users')SELECT * FROM DUAL; Bn ch nh chy lnh commit; trong SQL PLus commit ton b thao tc to bng, sequence, trigger v insert d liu trn.

Kim tra d liu c chn vo kim tra cc bn ghi c thm vo bn dng lnh sau: SELECT * FROM SOCIAL_NETWORKS Danh sch d liu s c hin th

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Nh vy l bn to thnh cng 1 bng vi trng ID tng t ng trong Oracle, bng ca bn c s dng lu tn nhng mng x hi ph bin nht hin nay. Bn cng c th p dng phng php ny vi nhng bng c sn trong database, khi bn ch cn to mi Sequence v Trigger ci t tnh nng t ng tng ID cho bng m khng cn bc to mi bng trn.

9. IMPORT / EXPORT D LIU TRONG ORACLE

Trong cc bi trc cc bn bit cch to ci t v to Oracle database, sau l to schema lu cc i tng d liu trn database . Bn cng bit cch to mt bng c trng ID t ng tng lu thng tin v cc mng x hi ph bin nht hin nay (bng SOCIAL_NETWORKS). Nu bn thc hin theo cc bi hng dn trn th ti thi im ny bn s c cc i tng sau:

Oracle database: orcl Schema: sample_schema Table: SOCIAL_NETWORKS

Bi phn ny ti s hng dn cc bn cch export ton b d liu t sample_schema v import vo mt schema khc trong server hin ti, hoc import vo mt server mi, biu mnh ha cho thao tc ny nh sau:

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Export d liu t sample_schema export d liu t sample_schema (d liu ny bao gm cc i tng tables, views, sequences, triggers) bn thc hin cu lnh sau trong ca s Command Dos (hay Command Prompt). expdp system/admin schemas=sample_schema dumpfile=file1.dmp Trong admin l password ca user system (l password bn thit lp khi ci t Oracle), kt qu ca vic export c hin th nh hnh di:

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D liu export ra s c lu trong file file1.dmp trong th mc dpdump, VD: ti ci Oracle ti D th th mc dpdump ca ti s c ng dn l: D:\app\Admin\admin\orcl\dpdump

Bn ch l lnh export (expdp) v lnh import(impdp) ca Oracle u c thc hin t ca s Command Dos ca Windows ch khng phi t SQL Plus nh cc dng lnh khc. Import vo schema khc trong cng database Theo s u bi vit chng ta s thc hin import cc d liu t sample_schema (cha trong file1.dmp) va c export ra vo schema mi tn l new_schema_1. Bn thc hin cu lnh sau t ca s Command Dos tin hnh import d liu. impdp system/admin schemas=sample_schema dumpfile=file1.dmp

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ORACE THC HNH nhng tc v c bn remap_schema=sample_schema:new_schema_1

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schemas: tn ca schema c va c export, trong trng hp ny l sample_schema

dumpfile: tn ca file dump cha d liu export trn file1.dmp remap_schema: thc hin map schema c (sample_schema) vi schema mi (new_schema_1)

Ton b d liu trong sample_schema bao gm tables, views, sequences, triggers u c import y vo new_schema_1. Kt qu ca vic import c th hin trong hnh di:

Sau khi vic import hon tt, bn c th login vo schema mi new_schema_1 sau query d liu trong bng SOCIAL_NETWORKS, bn s thy d liu c hin th y nh hnh di:

Import vo schema trong 1 database server khc

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Theo s u bi vit chng ta s thc hin vic import d liu vo mt database server mi (SERVER B) vi cc thng tin c m t nh trn (tn global database: orcl, system password: admin, schema: new_schema_2). Trc khi thc hin import chng ta cn copy file dump file1.dmp t SERVER A sang SERVER B v t ng vo th mc dpdump trn th mc ny, VD trn SERVER B ti ci t Oracle vo a C v file1.dmp s c t trong th mc dpdump nh hnh minh ha di.

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Tip theo chng ta s thc hin cu lnh import tng t nh bc trn import d liu vo new_schema_2. impdp system/admin schemas=new_schema_1 dumpfile=file1.dmp remap_schema=new_schema_1:new_schema_2 Bn c th login vo SQL Plus vi user new_schema_2 (pass2) v dng lnh SELECT * FROM SOCIAL_NETWORKS; kim tra kt qu import d liu t SERVER A vo SERVER B. Do vic import / export d liu s thc hin copy ton b cc i tng t schema gc vo schema ch nn tnh nng tng ID t ng trong bng SOCIAL_NETWORKS ca bn (c thc hin bi Sequence v Trigger) s c gi nguyn ti cc schema mi trn SERVER A v SERVER B.

10.

CI T ORACLE CLIENT
Gii thiu

my trm (client) c th truy cp vo Oracle database server chng ta c n phi ci t phn mm Oracle Client, hin ti bn Client 11g ang c Oracle cung cp min ph trn kh nhiu nn tng nh Windows, Linux, Solaris...Trong bi ny ti s hng dn cc bn cch download v ci t phin bn Oracle Client 11g Release 2 trn my client ch y Windows 7 Ultimate 32 bits (bn cng c th p dng cch thc hin tng t cho cc h iu hnh Windows khc nh Windows XP, Windwos Vista).

Cc bc thc hin Download Oracle Client 11g Release 2

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download phin bn Oracle Client Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) bn truy cp vo trang web download Oracle database thng qua a ch sau, mn hnh Oracle Database Software Downloads hin ra:

Sau khi nhn chn Accept License Agreement v click vo link See All bn cnh Microsoft Windows (32-bit) th mn hnh hin th cc ng dng trong b Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) hin ra, bao gm (Oracle Database 11g Release 2, Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Client, Oracle Fusion Middleware Web Tier Utilities 11g, Oracle Database Gateways 11g Release 2 )

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Bn nhn chn Accept License Agreement v click vo link Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Client download bn Client 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0). Khc phc li Some required prerequisite checks have failed trn Windows 7 Sau khi download c bn Oracle Client 11.2.0.2.0 v my (dung lng l 668 Mb) bn tin hnh ci t nh bnh thng, tuy nhin khi bn nhn Next ti mn hnh Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks (l lc m Oracle s kim tra cc thng s cn thi cho qu trnh ci t ca bn c p ng khng) th s li nh sau xut hin:

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Bn c th vo bi vit sau tm hiu thm thng tin v li ny v cch khc phc (ti tch ring phn khc phc li ra ngi dng l cc h iu hnh khc nh XP, Vista c th thun tin thc hin mt cch lin mch, khng phi dng li phn khc phc li nh Windows 7) . Ci t Oracle Client 11g Release 2 Bn click p vo file setup.exe trong th mc win32_11gR1_client \ client bt u qu trnh ci t, mn hnh Oracle Universal Installer hin ra.

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ORACE THC HNH nhng tc v c bn Bn nhn Next mn hnh Welcome tip tc.

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mn hnh Select Installation Type bn s c 4 la chn ci t Oracle Client, bn la chn Administrator c c y nht cc cng c sau khi ci t, sau nhn Next tip tc.

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Nhn Next mn hnh Specify Home Details tip theo.

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Nhn Next mn hnh Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks

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Bn kim tra li cc thng tin m bn thit lp ci t Oracle Client ti mn hnh Summary, sau nhn Install bt u qu trnh ci t.

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Mn hnh Install thng bo tin ci t Oracle Client.

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Nu c mn hnh thng bo Windows Security Alert hin ra, bn nhn Allow access tip tc.

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Trong qut trnh ci t gn hon tt bn s c yu cu thit lp Oracle Net Configuration nh mn hnh Oracle Net Configuration Asistant: Welcome di. Bn nhn Next tip tc.

Bn chn Finish mn hnh tip theo.

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Qu trnh ci t Oracle Client 11g Release 2 kt thc, bn nhn Exit mn hnh End of Installation hon tt.

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Bn chn Yes thot khi mn hnh Oracle Universal Installer.

Qu trnh ci t Oracle Client 11g Release 2 ca bn hon tt, cng vic tip theo ca bn l to mt kt ni ti my ch Oracle Server v bt u cc thao tc truy xut c s d liu, xin vui lng xem hng dn ti y.

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11.

KT N I ORACLE CLIENT T I ORACLE DATABASE

SERVER

Gii thiu Vic thit lp kt ni t my Client ti Oracle Database Server gip cc chng trnh trn my trm c th giao tip vi server truy xut d liu, hoc ngi lp trnh vin cng c th s dng cc tool nh Oracle SQL Developer, PL/SQL Developer thao tc vi cc bn ghi trn my ch c s d liu. Trong cc bi vit trc ti gii thiu ti cc bn cch ci t Oracle Database 11g R2 trn Windows Server 2008 v Oracle Client 11g R2 trn Windows 7 Ultimate, bi hm nay ti s cng cc bn to kt ni t Oracle Client ti Oracle Database Server hai phn mm ny ni chuyn c vi nhau. Cc bc thc hin Trc tin bn vo menu Start ca my trm Windows 7, sau bn tm ti th mc Oracle \ Configuration and Migration Tools v chn tin ch tn l Net Configuration Assistant nh hnh di.

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Mn hnh Oracle Net Configuration Assistant: Welcome hin ra, bn chn Local Net Service Name configuration v chn Next tip tc.

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Bn chn Add mn hnh tip theo Net Service Nam Configuration v Next tip tc.

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Mn hnh Service Name hin ra, bn g tn Service Nam = orcl vo textbox sau chn Next tip tc. Service Name chnh l Global database name m bn thit lp trong qu trnh ci t Oracle Database 11g R2. Theo nh bi vit ti cp th Service Name ca chng ta trong trng hp ny s l orcl.

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Chn Next mn hnh Select Protocols.

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Mn hnh TCP/IP Protocol hin ra, bn nhp vo IP ca my Oracle Database Server v chn cng (port) mc nh l 1521, sau chn Next tip tc.

Bn chn Yes, perform a test ti mn hnh Net Service Name Configutation, Test.

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Bn chn Change Login mn hnh tip theo,

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Khi hp thoi Change Login hin ra, bn nhp thng tin Username \ Password to ra trc , ti chn Username = sample_schema, Password

= oracle_pass l nhng thng tin v schema c to ra trong bi vit To mi 1 Schema trong Oracle, nhn OK tip tc.

Mn hnh Connecting vi kt qu ConnectingTest successful hin ra thng bo qu trnh kt ni ti Oracle Database Server c Global name l orcl thnh cng. Bn chn Next chun b hon tt.

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Nhn chn No ti mn hnh Another Net Service Name, nhn Next tip tc.

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Chn Next ti mn hnh Net Service Name Configuration Done.

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Chn Finish hon tt ton b cc bc thit lp kt ni t Oracle Client 11g R2 ti Oracle Database Server 11g R2.

Kt qu Trong bi vit ny ti cng cc bn to kt ni t Oracle Client ti Database Server, nu bn gp kh khn trong qu trnh thc hin hng dn trn xin bn vui lng lin h vi ti qua form lin lc. trn blog http://nguyenhuutrong.com.

12.

CI T ORACLE SQL DEVELOPER 3

Gii thiu Oracle SQL Developer (SQL Developer) l cng c min ph ca Oracle h tr qu trnh thit k v pht trin c s d liu. S dng SQL Developer bn c th thc

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thi cc cu lnh SQL hoc cc file SQL Script (*.sql) to cc i tng nhu table, view, stored procedures, index...; xem d liu ca cc i tng trong c s d liu (bng, view, report). Bn cnh bn cng c th chnh sa hoc debug cc cu lnh PL/SQL(Procedural Language/Structured Query Language l mt chun ngn ng SQL c pht trin bi Oracle) trong SQL Deveoper. Trong bi vit ny ti s hng dn cc bn download v ci t phin bn Oracle SQL Developer 3 phin bn mi nht. Download Oracle SQL Developer Bn truy cp vo ng link sau download SQL Developer, sau chn Accept License Agreement.

Bn la chn download phin bn SQL developer c cung c p SDK km theo l Oracle SQL Developer for 32-bit Windows (this zip file includes the JDK1.6.0_11) vi dung lng 181M.

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bc tip theo bn chn ng nhp bng ti khon Oracle ca bn, sau nhn Go bt u download SQL Developer 3 (bn nn dng mt chng trnh h tr nh IDM tng tc download):

Ci t v khi ng SQL Developer SQL Developer khng yu cu c ch ci t thng thng m th mc sqldeveloper-3.0.04.34.zip bn download v cha cc file dng thc thi nn bn c th unzip v s dng c ngay. Bn gii nn file sqldeveloper-3.0.04.34.zip ra mt a trn my tnh(VD:C) c th mc C:\sqldeveloper. Sau bn m file sqldeveloper.exe khi ng SQL Developer.

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S dng SQL Developer s dng SQL Developer trc tin bn cn thit lp 1 kt ni ti c s d liu Oracle Database, thc hin vic ny sau khi khi ng SQL Developer bn nhn Ctrl + N. Hp thoi Create a new hin ra bn chn mc nh l Database Connection v nhn hng dn ci t sql developer, tip tc.

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Bn nhp vo cc thng tin cn thit kt ni ti c s d liu Oracle, trong trng hp ny ti chn kt ni ti schema c to trong bi Hng dn to mi schema trong Oracle vi thng tin username \ password ln lt l sample_schema\oracle_pass.

Sau khi in cc thng tin cn thit, bn nhn Test th kt ni ti Oracle Database, nu kt qu hin th Status: Success th cc thng tin bn cu hnh chnh xc. Bn nhn Save lu cc thng tin v ng hp thoi ny li.

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Quay tr li giao din chnh SQL Developer bn s thy c 1 Connection mi l production menu bn tri, khi click vo connection ny th cc i tng trong database nh table, index, view... s c hin th ra bn c th nhn chn tip cc i tng ny xem d liu hoc thc hin cc thao tc khc. Khung c a s bn tay phi cho php bn nhp v thc thi cc cu lnh SQL.

Kt lun Trn y l cc bc hng dn download, ci t v s dng ban u ca cng c Oracle SQL Developer 3 ny. bit thm thng tin v cng c ny cng nh cc bi vit khc v Oracle xin mi bn truy cp vo y. Xin cm n bn dnh thi gian cho bi vit.

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13.

H NG DN G B ORACLE CLIENT
Gii thiu

Trong bi vit trc ti hng dn bn cch ci t Oracle Client 11g trn Windows 7, gi s sau mt thi gian s dng bn mun g b Oracle Client i ci t phin bn mi hoc s dng h qun tr c s d liu khc th y s l bi vit hng dn bn cch thc hin thao tc g b . Cc bc thc hin Trc tin bn vo menu Start v chn ti th mc chng

trnh Oracle \ Oracle Installation Products nh hnh di:

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Mn hnh Oracle Universal Installer hin ra.

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mn hnh Oracle Universal Installer: Welcome hin ra sau , bn chn Deinstall Products.

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Mn hnh Inventory hin ra, bn nhn chn vo OraClient11g_home1 sau chn nt Remove bt u g b Oracle Client 11g.

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Oracle hi bn c thc s mun g b phin bn Client ny khng? bn chn Yes.

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Bn tip tc chn Yes hp thoi Warning hin ra sau .

Oracle bt u thc hin qu trnh g b.

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Qu trnh g b hon tt, bn chn Close kt thc.

Nu Windows 7 ca bn hin th ca s Program Compatibility Assistant nh hnh di th bn hy nhn chn vo mc This program installed correctly thng bo vi Windows l qu trnh g b Oracle c thc hin ng cch.

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Kt qu Trong bi vit ny ti cng cc bn g b Oracle Client 11g trn Windows 7, nu bn gp kh khn trong qu trnh thc hin hng dn trn xin bn vui lng lin h vi ti qua form lin lc. trn blog http://nguyenhuutrong.com.

14.

PH L C

A. Thay i thit lp Character Set trong Oracle Database

Thng thng nu bn chn ch mc nh to database trong lc ci t oracle, hoc bn to database sau khi qut trnh ci t kt thc nhng khng ch ti phn thit lp Character Set th mc nh Oracle s t Character Set l MSWIN1252. Nu bn mun thay i thit lp ny, v d chuyn qua Character Set l AL32UTF8 ch h tr tt cho d liu l ting Vit th bn c th thc hin nh sau.

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Bn vo ca s Command Dos (hoc Command Prompt) bng cch nhn ng thi 2 phm Windows v R sau g cmd. Ti ca s Command Dos hin ra bn g sqlplus /as sysdba ng nhp vo SQL Plus vi quyn sysdba.

Shutdown database hin ti Chng ta s thc hin chnh sa Character Set khi Oracle c khi ng ch RESTRICT nn trc ht bn hy shutdown database hin ti sau chn khi ng li ch RESTRICT. SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; Khi ng li database trong ch RESTRICT STARTUP RESTRICT; Dng cu lnh ALTER thay i Character Set thnh AL32UTF8 Sau khi database c khi ng li trong ch RESTRICT, bn g dng lnh sau thay i Character Set ca database hin ti thnh AL32UTF8: ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE AL32UTF8; Bn c th thay AL32UTF8 bng Character Set ph hp vi mc ch s dng cu lnh trn.

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kim tra tra thit lp Character Set hin ti ca database bn dng cu lnh sau trong ca s SQL PLus: SELECT VALUE FROM nls_database_parameters WHERE

parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET'; Sau khi thay i Character Set trn my Oracle Server bn cng nn thay i thit lp Character Set cho my Oracle Client bng cch: Ti my Oracle Client bn vo Windows Registry v tm ti kha HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\KEY_OraClient11g_home1. Sau bn Edit String kha con NLS_LANG trong kha KEY_OraClient11g_home1 v thay Character c (VD: AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252) sang Character Set mi l AL32UTF8.

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Vic thay i gi tr trong Registry ca Windows c ri ro kh cao v c th bn s khng ng nhp c vo Windows sau khi thc hin chnh sa Registry. V th bn nn thc hin thao tc backup Registry trc khi thc hin, vic ny m bo nu thao tc chnh sa ca bn b sai bn vn c th restore li phin bn Registry chun trc . Nu bn khng thay i Character Set ti my Oracle Client th khi bn bt mt cng c kt ni t Oracle Client ti Server th pha Client s c thng bo nh sau:

B. Mt s lnh hu ch trong Oracle SQL Plus

Nu bn thng xuyn lm vic cng Orale th vic s dng cc lnh trong SQL Plus thc hin cc thao tc nh: ng nhp vi quyn sysdba, lit k cc schema, cc tablespace ... s gip bn nhanh chng truy v n c thng tin v tng tc thc thi cng vic. Qua qu trnh s dng Oracle ti nhn thy c mt s cu lnh hu ch v c s dng kh thng xuyn, ti s lit k v chia s vi cc bn trong bng di y. # 1 2 Cu lnh sqlplus "/as sysdba" connect user/pass; ngha ng nhp vo SQLPlus vi quyn sysdba ng nhp vo 1 ti khon bt k vi

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from Xem SID hay global name c a c s d liu Oracle hin ti from Hin th phin bn ca Oracle Lit k cc users / schemas hin c. b qua cc users mc nh ca Oracle v ch lit k cc user do bn khi to bn thc hin theo hng dn sau.

global_name; select v$version; select username from *

all_users username; select

order

by

table_name

from all_tables where Lit k cc bng trong schema = user1. owner='USER1';

6 7 8

select

from

v$tablespace; show user; alter user

Lit k cc tablespace hin c Hin th user ang ng nhp vo Oracle.

user1 Thay i password mi = pass1 ca user1 trong Oracle

identified by pass1; alter user

sample_schema account unlock;

Unlock user trong Oracle

Cc cu lnh trn tr cu lnh s 1 l thc hin t ca s Command Dos cn cc cu lnh t 2 9 l thc hin khi bn ng nhp vo SQL Plus. Qu trnh ng nhp vo SQL Plus c trnh by nh bn di.

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ng nhp vi ti khon sysdba. Bn vo ca s Command Dos, sau g dng lnh sqlplus /as sysdba, bn s ng nhp vo Oracle vi ch sysdba m khng cn password.

ng nhp vi ti khon do bn khi to v d ng nhp vi ti khon c khi to nh trong bi vit to mi schema trong oracle l sample_schema/oracle_pass bn g sqlplus, sau in sample_schema vo mc user-name v oracle_pass vo mc password. Bn s ng nhp thnh cng nh hnh v.

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Chc cc bn s thc hin cc tc v trong Oracle tht nhanh chng vi danh mc cc cu lnh hu ch trn.

C. Khc phc mt s li c bn trong Oracle

1) Khc ph c li ORA-28056: Writing audit records to Windows Event Log failed

Nu bn login vo SQL Plus vi quyn sysdba v gp phi li ORA-28056: Writing audit records to Windows Event Log failed nh m t nh hnh di.

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Th nguyn nhn ca li ny l do Windows Event Viewer Log trn h iu hnh Windows ca bn b y v khng th ghi thm c file log na. khc phc li ny bn thc hin theo cc bc sau. Bn truy cp vo Control Panel ca Windows, sau chn Administrative Tools.

Ca s Administrative Tools hin ra bn chn Event Viewer.

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Ca s Event Viewer hin ra bn chn mc Application v thy c rt nhiu cc event c log li vi Source = Oracle.orcl trong khung ca s Application (trng hp ca ti l 943 events) v y l nguyn nhn gy ra li ORA-28056 trn, by gi bn s xa ht cc events ny i. Bn nhn chut phi vo mc Application trong ca s Event Viewer v chn Clear All Events.

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Mt hp thoi hin ra hi bn c mun lu cc events ny trc khi xa khng, bn chn No.

Sau khi xa xong cc events trong mc Event Viewer | Application bn khc phc thnh cng li ORA:28056 v c th ng nhp vo SQL Plus vi quyn sysdba nh bnh thng, nu sau khi ng nhp vo Oracle thng bo Connected to an idle instance th bn dng lnh startup khi ng Oracle instance ln v lm vic bnh thng.

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2) Khc ph c li ORA-39213 Metadata processing is not available Khi bn thc hin export d liu trong Oracle vi cu lnh expdp (VD: expdp sys/pass schema=sample_schema dumpfile = sample_dump.dmp) v gp phi li sau: ORA-39213 - Metadata processing is not available

Nguyn nhn Nguyn nhn gy ra li ORA-39213 l do Oracle XSL stylesheets cha c thit lp ng (c th do XSL stylesheets cha c load, hoc cha c chuyn sang ng kiu Character Set ca database hin ti (li ny thng gp sau khi dng cu lnh ALTER DATABASE thay i Character Set cho Oracle Database). Vic ny dn ti file dump ca bn (VD: sample_dump.dmp) khng th s dng cc hm Metadata API khi export d liu. Khc phc khc phc li ORA-39213 bn truy cp vo Oracle SQL Plus vi quyn sysdba bng dng lnh:

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Sau khi ng nhp vi quyn sysdba bn thc hin cu lnh sau trong ca s SQL Plus: SQL> execute dbms_metadata_util.load_stylesheets Cu lnh trn s thc hin load li file XLS stylesheets vo database ca bn, sau bn c th thc hin thao tc export data trong Oracle nh bnh thng. 3) Khc phc li Some required prerequisite checks have failed khi ci t Oracle Client 11g trnn Windows 7 Oracle Client 11g Release 2 (Oracle Client 11g) l phn mm c ci t ti my trm (my client) to kt ni ti my ch Oracle server gip thc hin thao tc lin quan ti cc bn ghi trong c s d liu. Oracle Client 11g c th c ci t trn nhiu nn tng khc nhau nh Windows, Linux, Solaris. Hin ti khi bn tin hnh ci t Oracle Client 11g trn Windows 7 ti mn hnh Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks th s gp phi li sau: Some required prerequisite checks have failed. Please make sure the system meets all the requirements before install can proceed. L do qu trnh ci t b dng li ti bc trn v thng bo li hin th l do h iu hnh Windows 7 ca bn khng p ng tiu chun m Oracle yu cu khi ci t Oracle Client 11g. khc phc li ny bn hy tm ti file refhost.xml c lu trong th mc [b ci t Oracle 11g]\client\stage\prereq\client, trong trng hp ca ti l theo ng dn sau:C:\Users\trongnguyen\Documents\win32_11gR1_client\client\stage\prereq\clie nt. Bn m file ra v thm v dng nh ngha cho Windows 7 nh hng dn bn di: <CERTIFIED_SYSTEMS> <OPERATING_SYSTEM> <!Microsoft Windows 2000> <VERSION VALUE=5.0/>

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<!Microsoft Windows 7> <OPERATING_SYSTEM> <VERSION VALUE=6.1/> </OPERATING_SYSTEM>

</CERTIFIED_SYSTEMS> Sau bn save file refhost.xml li v c th bt u ci t Oracle Client 11g Release 2 trn Windows 7nh bnh thng.

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Mi kin ng gp cho cun Ebook ORACLE Thc hnh Nhng tc v c bn xin bn vui lng gi v a ch: Tc gi: Nguyn Hu Trng Email: trong@nguyenhuutrong.com Ti s c gng phc p bn trong thi gian sm nht.

Xin cm n bn dnh thi gian cho cun Ebook v chc bn gt hi c nhiu thnh cng trong cng vic. H Ni 05/2011.

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