NH MC NHIN LIU

GN B TRONG VN TI BNG XE T
K s Phm Gia Nghi
Chi ph nhin liu trong vn ti bng xe t lun chim t l cao trong gi thnh
vn ti (khong t 40 n 60%) v xc nh gi cc vn ti. V vy, nh mc nhin cho
xe t thi no cng l ch tiu kinh t k thut rt quan trng, gn b trong vn ti bng
xe t.
I. PHNG PHP TNH NH MC NHIN LIU CHO XE T
1.1. Cng thc tnh tiu th nhin liu cho mt chuyn xe
p dng cng thc: Mc = K1. L/100 + K2 . P/100 + nK3
Trong :

- Mc: Tng s nhin liu c cp cho 1 chuyn xe (lt);

- K1: nh mc k thut (lt/100 km);
- K2: Ph cp c ti, c hnh khch (lt);
- K3: Ph cp phi dng xp, d (khi c hng, c hnh khch);
- L: Tng qung ng xe chy (c ch hng v khng ch hng)
sau khi quy i ra ng cp 1 (km);
- P: Tng khi lng hng ha lun chuyn tnh theo (T.km) hoc
(HK.km) sau khi quy i ra ng loi 1;
- n: S ln xp d hng ha hoc s ln dng xe (trn 1 pht)

1.2. nh mc k thut K1 (nh mc tiu hao nhin liu cho 100 km ng

loi 1)
Cc kiu, loi xe t nhp khu vo nc ta t nm 1986 v trc vn p
dng theo nh mc nhin liu do Cc vn ti t hng dn trong vn bn s104 /KT
ngy 01/04/1986 (theo bng 1).
Nhng kiu, loi xe t mi nhp khu vo nc ta sau nm 1986 th t nghin
cu, kho st v ban hnh p dng ni b hoc tham kho nh mc nhin liu do cc
n v khc nghin cu, kho st v ban hnh p dng (theo bng 2).
1.3. Ph cp c ti (c hnh khch) K2
a) i vi xe t vn ti hng ha:

- Xe t s dng nhin liu xng K2 = 1,5 lt/100 T.km;

- Xe t s dng nhin liu diezel K2 = 1,3 lt/100 T.km.
b) i vi xe t vn ti hnh khch
- Xe t s dng nhin liu xng K2 = 1,0 lt/1000 HK.km;
- Xe t s dng nhin liu diezel K2 = 0,8 lt/1000 HK.km.
1.4. Ph cp nhin liu dng, xp d hng ha, hnh khch ln xung
(trn 1 pht)
a) i vi xe t khch v xe t vn ti hng ha cc loi (tr xe t t )
- Ph cp cho mt ln dng, (mt ln hng K3): K3 = 0,2 lt
- S ln dng, tnh cho on ng 100 km: n = 3
- Ph cp nhin liu phi dng tnh cho on ng 100km: n.K 3 = 0,6 lt/100
km
b) i vi xe t t
Ph cp cho mt ln nng, h thng: K3 = 0,3 lt
c) i vi xe t con
Ph cp cho mt ln dng, : K3 = 0,1 lt
1.5. Cc trng hp c tng nh mc nhin liu
a) Ph cp cho xe t qua s dng nhiu nm hoc sau sa cha ln
- Sau thi gian s dng 5 nm hoc sau sa cha ln ln 1: c tng thm 1%
tng s nhin liu c cp tnh theo K1;
- Sau thi gian s dng 10 nm hoc sau sa cha ln ln 2: c tng thm 1,5%
tng s nhin liu c cp tnh theo K1;
- Sau thi gian s dng 15 nm hoc sau sa cha ln ln 3: c tng thm 1,5%
tng s nhin liu c cp tnh theo K1;
- Sau thi gian s dng 20 nm hoc sau sa cha ln ln 4: c tng thm 3,0%
tng s nhin liu c cp tnh theo K1;
b) Cc trng hp c tng nhin liu khc
- c tng thm 5% tng s nhin liu c cp cho nhng xe t tp li trn
ng (xe t dy li xe);
2

- c tng thm 5 km vo tng qung ng xe t chy khng hng tnh

ph cp nhin liu (Kj) khi xe t bt buc phi chy tc thp (di 6km/h) hoc
dng, xe nhng ng c vn phi hot ng bc, d hng ha hoc do yu cu ca
kho, bi;
- c tng thm 20% cho mi chuyn vn ti trong thnh ph;
- c tng thm 20% tng s nhin liu c cp cho nhng xe t hot ng
trn cc tuyn ng min ni, nhng on ng b trn, ly hoc thng xuyn c
sng m.
1.6. H s ph cp nhin liu tnh i loi ng
TT

Cp ng

Xe t s dng xng Xe t s dng diezel

ng cp 1 (tiu chun)

1,00

1,00

ng cp 2

1,15

1,15

ng cp 3

1,40

1,45

ng cp 4

1,60

1,65

ng cp 5

1,80

1,85

1.7. nh mc tiu hao du, m bi trn

a) nh mc tiu hao du bi trn ng c
- Xe t s dng nhin liu xng: C tiu hao100 lt nhin liu cho xe t th
c s dng 0,35 lt du bi trn ng c (0,35%);
- Xe t s dng nhin liu diezel: C tiu hao100 lt nhin liu cho xe t th
c s dng 0,5 lt du bi trn ng c (0,5%);
b) nh mc tiu hao du truyn ng
- Xe t c 1 cu ch ng: C tiu hao100 lt nhin liu cho xe t th c s
dng 0,08 lt du truyn ng (0,08%);
- Xe t c 2 cu ch ng tr ln: C tiu hao100 lt nhin liu cho xe t th
c s dng cho mi cu 0,07 lt du truyn ng (0,07%)
c) nh mc tiu hao m bi trn
C tiu hao100 lt nhin liu cho xe t th c s dng 0,6 kg m bi trn.

II. KHO ST V TNH NH MC K THUT K1 MT S XE T

(s dng di 5 nm)
2.1. Xe t con PAJERO 3.0 vi 7 ch ngi (s dng nhin liu xng)
a)Theo hnh trnh kho st Gia Lm, H Ni Hi Phng v ngc li
- Tng qung ng kho st tnh K1 (ng cp 1): 100,4 km + 101 km + 100
km + 10 km = 402,4 km;
- Tng s nhin liu tiu hao: 4,5 lt + 14,0 lt + 14,0 lt + 13, lt = 56,0 lt;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu trung bnh cho 100 km: 56,0 lt : 402,4 km = 13,92
lt/100 km;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp c hnh khch K 2 (3 hnh khch) cho
100 km: 3 HK.1,0 lt/1000 HK.km = 0,3 lt/100 km;
- nh mc k thut K1 = 13,92 lt/100 km 0,3 lt/100 km = 13,62 lt/100 km.
b) Theo hnh trnh kho st H Ni Mai chu v ngc li
- Tng qung ng kho st tnh K1 (ng cp 1)
86,7 km + 58 km = 144,7 km
- Tng s nhin liu tiu hao:
13,28 lt + 8,42 lt = 21,7 lt
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu trung bnh cho 100 km:
21,7 lt : 144,7 km = 14,996 lt/100 km
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp c hnh khch K 2 (3 hnh khch) cho
100 km: 3 HK.1,0 lt/1000 HK.km = 0,3 lt/100 km
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp dng, (trn 1 pht) cho 100 km:
n. K3 = 2 ln . 0,1 lt = 0,2 lt/100 km
- nh mc k thut K1 = (14,996 lt 0,3 lt - 0,2 lt)/100 km = 14,496 lt/100 km
c) nh mc k thut K1 cho xe t PAJERO 3.0
K1 PJ = (13,62 + 14,496) lt/2.100 km = 14,058 lt/100 km
La chn K1 PJ = 14.0 lt/100 km
2.2. Xe t con MAZDA 626 2.0 vi 5 ch ngi (s dng nhin liu xng)
4

a) Theo hnh trnh kho st H Ni Ni Cc Thi Nguyn v ngc li

- Tng qung ng kho st tnh K1 (ng cp 1): 53,8 km + 70 km = 123,8
km;
- Tng s nhin liu tiu hao: 6,06 lt + 10,69 lt = 16,75 lt
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu trung bnh cho 100 km: 16,75 lt : 123,8 km = 13,52
lt/100 km
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp c hnh khch K 2 (4 hnh khch) cho
100 km: 4 HK.1,0 lt/1000 HK.km = 0,4 lt/100 km
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp dng, (trn 1 pht) cho 100 km: n. K 3
= 4 ln . 0,1 lt = 0,4 lt/100 km
b) nh mc k thut K1 = (13,52 lt 0,4 lt - 0,4 lt)/100 km = 12,72 lt/100 km
La chn K1 MAZD = 13.0 lt/100 km
2.3. Xe t khch TOYOTA HIACE 2.4 vi 12 ch ngi (s dng nhin liu
xng)
a) Theo hnh trnh kho st H Ni Mai Chu v ngc li
- Tng qung ng kho st tnh K 1 (ng cp 1): 85,7 km + 57,9 km =
143,6 km;
- Tng s nhin liu tiu hao: 16,44 lt + 6,60 lt = 23,04 lt;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu trung bnh cho 100 km: 23,04 lt : 143,6 km = 16,044
lt/100 km;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp c hnh khch K 2 (5 hnh khch) cho
100 km: 5 HK.1,0 lt/1000 HK.km = 0,5 lt/100 km;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp dng, (trn 1 pht) cho 100 km: n. K3
= 3 ln . 0,2 lt = 0,6 lt/100 km
b) nh mc k thut K1 = (16,044 lt 0,3 lt - 0,6 lt)/100 km = 15,144 lt/100
km;
La chn K1 HA = 15.5 lt/100 km
2.4. Xe t MERCEDES BENZ 2.9 vi 16 ch ngi (s dng nhin liu
Diezel)
a) Theo hnh trnh kho st H Ni Mai Chu v ngc li
5

- Tng qung ng kho st tnh K1 (ng cp 1): 86,4 km + 58 km = 144,4

km;
- Tng s nhin liu tiu hao: 12,12 lt + 6,50 lt = 18,62 lt;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu trung bnh cho 100 km: 18,62 lt : 144,4 km = 12,894
lt/100 km;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp c hnh khch K 2 (3 hnh khch) cho
100 km: 3 HK.0,8 lt/1000 HK.km = 0,28 lt/100 km;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp dng, (trn 1 pht) cho 100 km: n. K 3
= 3 ln . 0,2 lt = 0,6 lt/100 km;
b) nh mc k thut K1 = (12,84 lt 0,28 lt - 0,6 lt)/100 km = 12,014 lt/100
km;
La chn K1 MER = 12.0 lt/100 km
2.5. Xe t khch KIA COMBI 4.1 vi 24 ch ngi (s dng nhin liu xng)
a) Theo hnh trnh kho st H Ni Hi Phng v ngc li
- Tng qung ng kho st tnh K1 (ng cp 1): 100 km + 100 km = 200
km;
- Tng s nhin liu tiu hao: 22,2 lt + 28,2 lt = 50,8 lt;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu trung bnh cho 100 km: 50,8 lt : 200 km = 25,4 lt/100
km;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp c hnh khch K 2 (3 hnh khch) cho
100 km: 3 HK.1,0 lt/1000 HK.km = 0,3 lt/100 km;
- Lng tiu hao nhin liu theo ph cp dng, (trn 1 pht) cho 100 km: n. K 3
= 3 ln . 0,2 lt = 0,6 lt/100 km;
b) nh mc k thut K1 = (25,4 lt 0,3 lt - 0,6 lt)/100 km = 24,5 lt/100 km.
La chn K1 KIA CO = 24,5 lt/100 km

Bng 1
THAM KHO NH MC NHIN LIU K THUT KI CHO XE T
(Theo vn bn s 104 /KT ngy 01/04/198 ca Cc Vn ti t trc y)

S TT
1

Loi xe t
Xe t ti

Xe t ti t

Kiu xe t

K1

ZIL - 130

30,0

ZIL 130 B1

31,0

IFA W50L

18,0

MAZ - 500

22,5

MAZ - 5335

23,0

KAMAZ 53212

24,5

ZIL MMZ - 555

30,0

IFA W

18,0

MAZ - 5549

27,0

Xe t khch

PAZ 672

27,0

Xe t con

GAZ 69A

15,0

GAZ 69B

15,0

VOLGA GAZ - 24

13,0

YAZ 469

15,0

PEUGEOT - 404

10,5

Bng 2
THAM KHO NH MC NHIN LIU K THUT KI CHO XE T
(Theo cc n v vn ti t t nghin cu, kho st v ban hnh s dng ni b)

S TT
1

Loi xe t
Xe t khch

Kiu xe t

K1

MERCEDES BENZ 2.9 16 ch ngi

12,0

S dng nhin liu diezel

KIA COMBI 4.1 24 ch

24,5

S dng nhin liu xng

TOYOTA HIACE 2.4 12 ch ngi

15,5

S dng nhin liu xng

2

Xe t con

PAJERO 3.0 7 ch ngi

14,0

S dng nhin liu xng

MAZDA 626 2.0 5 ch ngi

13,0

S dng nhin liu xng

NISSAN BLUEBIRD 2.0 5 ch ngi
S dng nhin liu xng

16,5