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MC TIU BI HC
1. Trnh by c nh ngha, phn loi, vai tr ca glucid.
mt s polysaccharid.
Nng lng
Cu to
GLUCID
Bo v
1. I CNG
1.1 nh ngha
Monosaccharid
Oligosaccharid
Polysaccharid
aldose
disaccharid
polysaccharid thun
cetose
trisaccharid
polysaccharid tp
2. MONOSACCHARID
2.1 Cu to - L dn xut ca polyalcol (3 7 C) c cha nhm carbonyl.
-
phn.
2. MONOSACCHARID (tip)
2.2 Danh php
-
C 4 cch gi tn:
+ +
Cch 1.Gi theo ha chc kh: aldose, cetose. Cch 2. Gi theo s carbon: S carbon theo ting Hylp + ose. 3C Triose 4C Tetrose 5C Pentose 6C Hexose 7C Heptose
+ Cch 3. Gi gp 2 cch:
V d: nhm kh l aldehyd, 5C gi l: aldopentose. + Cch 4. Gi tn c bit: fructose
dy D, cn bn tri l dy L.
ng phn v ca monosaccharid
OH bn acetal: nm di mt phng dng (cis). nm trn mt phng dng (trans)
Theo qui c dng vng: - Phi cnh ca MS thng khng vit nguyn t carbon trong vng. - Gch dc ng pha trn hay pha di ca mt phng ch nhm OH
C H2 O H O
1
C H2 O H O C H2 OH
1
-D-g lu co se
C H2 O H O
1
-D-fru c to se
C H2 O H O
1
-D-g lu c o se
- V ngt.
kim.
- B oxy ha bi axit m c:
CHO
+ 2H
CH2OH
+ 2H
ng ny.
1 OH
-To este: cc este phosphat ca monosaccharid c vai tr quan trng trong trao i cht nh trong tng hp glucose, glycogen.
CH2OH O
1 6 CH2O-P 6 CH2O-P
CH2O-P Fructose-1,6DP
Galactozazon (Galactose)
3. OLIGOSACCHARID
3.1 nh ngha - Glucid c cha t 2- 8 gc monosaccharid lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt glucosid . C hai loi chnh
l di v trisaccharid.
3.2 Disaccharid (DS)
DS c tnh kh v khng c tnh kh: - Nu nhm OH ca monosaccharid ny kt hp vi nhm OH bn acetal ca monosaccharid khc disaccharid vn cn mt nhm OH bn acetal cn tnh kh. - Nu 2 nhm OH bn acetal ca 2 monosaccharid
Maltose
ng mch nha Ngun gc mm ht ng cc
Lactose
ng sa sa
Saccharose
ng ma
ma (14-25%) c ci ng
Cu to
Tnh cht
c tnh kh
c tnh kh
khng c tnh kh
4. Polysaccharid
Polysaccharid gm 2 loi: Polysaccharid thun.
Polysaccharid tp.
Polysaccharid
Theo cu to
Polysaccharid thun
(cc ng n)
Condrointin sulfat C
Glycogen Cellulose Condrointin sulfat B Keratan sulfat Heparin, heparin sulfat
Glycogen
ng vt (gan v c)
Cellulose
Mng t bo thc vt
KLPT
+ Amylose
106 - 107
107 - 109
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o B o o o o o o oo oo o 0 o o o o o o o o oooooo o o o o oo o o o o o o oooo o oo o o o oo o o o o o o oo A o o o R (Glucose)
106 - 2.106
Cu to
+ Amylopectin
Amylose
Amylopectin
4.2 Polysaccharid tp
Khu tr Acid hyaluronic Vai tr thu tinh th, cung nhau thai, cht kt dnh t/ch dch khp, van tim, sn phi thai, l/kt, cn tr s xm da,sn nhp
Condrointin sulfat C da, gn, dy chng, cung nhau thai, van tim
Keratan sulfat 1 gic mc Keratan sulfat 2 sn gan, trong thnh mch mu v chng ng mu trong phi
* Acid hyaluronic
COOH O (1-4) O
1
(1-3)
CH2OH O (1-4) O
3
NHCOCH3 n
* Condrointin sulfat A, C
COOH O (1-4) O
1
HO3SOCH2 O (1-3) O
3
(1-4) O
NHCOCH3 n
Condrointin sulfat A
* Condrointin sulfat B
Condrointin sulfat C
(A.L-iduronic + N-acetyl-galactosamin-4-sulfat)
* Keratan sulfat
COOH O O OSO3H
HO3SOCH2 O O NHCOCH3 n
tnh kh l:
A Glucose, fructose, tinh bt. B Glucose, fructose, saccarose
CU HI LNG GI
- Cu 2. Tn khoa hc y ca Maltose l:
B
C 3 D 4
tp:
A Cellulose, tinh bt, heparin Condroitin sunfat, heparin, glycosaminglycan Acid hyaluronic, glycogen, cellulose Tinh bt, condroitin sunfat, heparin
B C
D
CU HI LNG GI
- Cu 4. Cc nhm cht sau y, nhm no c cu to phn nhnh
A Amylose, Glycogen
B
C D
Amylopectin, cellulose
Cellulose, Amylose Amylopectin, Glycogen
CU HI LNG GI
- Cu 5. Cng thc bn l cu to ca:
A B C D
CU HI LNG GI
- Cu 6. Phn ng Molish dng nhn bit:
A B
Cc cht l Monosaccharid
Cc cht c nhm aldehyd Cc cht c nhm ceton
C
D
CU HI LNG GI
- Cu 7: Cc cht no sau y thuc nhm Polysaccarid thun: A B C D