S GD&T VNH PHC

CHNH THC

K THI CHN HSG LP 11 NM HC 2011-2012

THI MN: TON
Dnh cho hc sinh THPT khng chuyn
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht, khng k thi gian giao

Cu 1 (1,5 im).
tan 2 x + tan x
2

=
sin x + .
Gii phng trnh:
2
tan x + 1
2
4

Cu 2 (3,0 im).
1. Gi A l tp hp tt c cc s t nhin c 5 ch s. Chn ngu nhin mt s t tp A, tnh
xc sut chn c mt s chia ht cho 7 v ch s hng n v bng 1.
2. Chng minh ng thc sau:

( C ) ( C ) +(C ) (C )
2
0
2012

2
1
2012

2
2
2012

2
3
2012

2011
2012
1006
.
+ ... ( C2012
) + ( C2012
) = C2012
2

Cu 3 (2,5 im).
1. Chng minh rng phng trnh 8 x 3 6 x 1 = 0 c ba nghim thc phn bit. Hy tm 3
nghim .
sin n
2. Cho dy s ( un ) c xc nh bi: u1 = sin1; un = un 1 + 2 , vi mi n , n 2 .
n
Chng minh rng dy s ( un ) xc nh nh trn l mt dy s b chn.
Cu 4 (3,0 im).
1.

Cho hnh chp t gic S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a 2 , cc cnh bn
bng nhau v bng 3a ( a > 0 ). Hy xc nh im O sao cho O cch u tt c cc nh ca hnh
chp S.ABCD v tnh di SO theo a .
2. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c ng thng SA vung gc vi mt phng (SBC). Gi H l hnh
chiu ca S ln mt phng (ABC). Chng minh rng ng thng SB vung gc vi ng thng
1
1
1
1
= 2+ 2+
.
2
SH
SA SB
SC 2
3. Cho t din ABCD tha mn iu kin AB = CD, BC = AD, AC = BD v mt im X thay
i trong khng gian. Tm v tr ca im X sao cho tng XA + XB + XC + XD t gi tr nh
nht.
SC, bit rng

Ht
Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.
H v tn th sinh:.......; S bo danh.

S GD&T VNH PHC

K THI CHN HSG LP 11 THPT KHNG CHUYN

NM HC 2011-2012
HNG DN CHM MN: TON

I. LU CHUNG:
- Hng dn chm ch trnh by mt cch gii vi nhng c bn phi c. Khi chm bi hc sinh
lm theo cch khc nu ng v th vn cho im ti a.
- im ton bi tnh n 0,25 v khng lm trn.
- Vi bi hnh hc nu th sinh khng v hnh phn no th khng cho im tng ng vi phn .
II. P N:
Cu
1
1,5 im

Ni dung trnh by

im

+ k (*)
2
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi: 2 cos 2 x(tan 2 x + tan x) = sin x + cos x
2sin 2 x + 2sin x.cos x = sin x + cos x 2sin x(sin x + cos x) = sin x + cos x
(sin x + cos x)(2sin x 1) = 0

+ Vi sin x + cos x = 0 tan x = 1 x = + k

4
1

5
+ k 2
+ Vi 2sin x 1 = 0 sin x = x = + k 2 ; x =
2
6
6
i chiu iu kin (*), suy ra nghim ca phng trnh cho l:

5
x = + k ; x = + k 2 ; x =
+ k 2 (k )
4
6
6
1 1,5 im
S cc s t nhin c 5 ch s l 99999 10000 + 1 = 90000
Gi s s t nhin c 5 ch s chia ht cho 7 v ch s hng n v bng 1 l: abcd1
Ta c abcd1 = 10.abcd + 1 = 3.abcd + 7.abcd + 1 chia ht cho 7 khi v ch khi 3.abcd + 1
h 1
chia ht cho 7. t 3.abcd + 1 = 7 h abcd = 2h +
l s nguyn khi v ch khi
3
h = 3t + 1
Khi ta c: abcd = 7t + 2 1000 7t + 2 9999
998
9997

t
t { 143, 144,..., 1428} suy ra s cch chn ra t sao cho s abcd1
7
7
chia ht cho 7 v ch s hng n v bng 1 l 1286.
1286
0, 015
Vy xc sut cn tm l:
90000
2 1,5 im
iu kin: cos x 0 x

Xt ng thc ( 1 x )
2
+) Ta c ( 1 x )

2012

2012

.( 1 + x )

2012

2012

= ( 1 x2 )

k
= C2012
( x2 )
k =0

2012

2012

.( 1 + x )

1006
suy ra h s ca s hng cha x 2012 l C2012

0,25
0,25
0,25

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

2012

0,5

0
1
2
3
2011
2012
= ( C2012
) ( C2012
) + ( C2012
) ( C2012
) + ... ( C2012
) + ( C2012
)
2

0,5

0,5

2012
2012 k

k
k
= C2012
xk
( x ) C2012
k =0
k = 0

suy ra h s ca s hng cha x 2012 l

o
2012
1
2011
2
2010
3
2009
2012 2012
C2012
C2012
C2012
C2012
+ C2012
C2012
C2012
C2012
+ ... + C2012
C2012

+) Ta c ( 1 x )

0,25

T suy ra ng thc cn chng minh.

1 1,5 im

3
t f ( x ) = 8 x 6 x 1 ; tp xc nh D = suy ra hm s lin tc trn . Ta c

1
f ( 1) = 3, f = 1, f ( 0 ) = 1, f ( 1) = 1 suy ra
2
1
1
f ( 1) f < 0, f f ( 0 ) < 0, f ( 0 ) f ( 1) < 0 . T 3 bt ng thc ny v tnh lin
2
2
tc ca hm s suy ra pt f ( x ) = 0 c ba nghim phn bit thuc ( 1; 1) .

t x = cos t , t [ 0; ] thay vo pt ta c:

2
2 ( 4 cos3 t 3cos t ) = 1 cos 3t = cos t = + k
, kt hp vi t [ 0; ] ta
3
9
3
5 7
;
c t ;
. Do phng trnh cho c 3 nghim:
9 9 9

5
7
x = cos , x = cos
, x = cos
.
9
9
9
2 1,0 im
1 1 1
1
Nhn xt. Vi mi s nguyn dng n ta c: 2 + 2 + 2 + ... + 2 < 2
1 2 3
n
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
=
Tht vy, ta c 2 + 2 + 2 + ... + 2 < 1 +
1 2 3
n
1.2 2.3
n ( n 1)
1 1 1
1
1
1
= 1 + 1 + + ... +
= 2 < 2 suy ra nhn xt c chng minh.
2 2 3
n 1 n
n
sin1 sin 2
sin n
Tr li bi ton, t cng thc truy hi ta c: un = 2 + 2 + ... + 2
1
2
n
1 1
1
Ta c un 2 + 2 + ... + 2 < 2 vi mi n (theo nhn xt trn) (1)
1 2
n
1
1 1
Mt khc un 2 + 2 + ... + 2 > 2 vi mi n (theo nhn xt trn) (2). T (1) v
n
1 2
(2) suy ra dy s cho b chn.
1 1,0 im

0,25
0,5

0,25

0,5

0,5

0,25
0,25

O
C

0,25

I
A

Gi I = AC BD . Do SA = SB = SC = SD nn cc tam gic SAC, SBD cn ti nh S

nn SI vung gc vi AC, BD suy ra SI vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). D thy mi
im nm trn ng thng SI cch u cc nh A, B, C, D.
Trong tam gic SIC, dng trung trc ca cnh SC ct ng thng SI ti O suy ra
OS = OA = OB = OC = OD .
SM .SC
3a.3a
9a 2
9 2a
=
=
=
Ta c SM .SC = SO.SI SO =
.
SI
8
2 SA2 IA2 2 9a 2 a 2
9 2a
Vy SO =
.
8
2 1,0 im

0,25

0,5

0,25

S
K
B
D

Gi K l giao im ca ng thng AH v BC; trong mt phng (SBC) gi D l giao

im ca ng thng qua S, vung gc vi SC. Ta c BC vung gc vi SH v SA nn
BC vung gc vi mt phng (SAH) suy ra BC vung gc vi SK.
1
1
1
= 2+
Trong tam gic vung SAK ta c
, kt hp vi gi thit ta c
2
SH
SA SK 2
1
1
1
= 2+
(1)
2
SK
SB
SC 2
1
1
1
=
+
Trong tam gic vung SDC ta c
(2)
2
2
SK
SD
SC 2
T (1) v (2) ta c SB = SD , t suy ra B D hay suy ra SB vung gc vi SC.
3 1,0 im

0,5

0,25

G
D

0,25

P
C

Gi G l trng tm ca t din; M, N, P, Q ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD,

BC, AD. Ta c tam gic ACD bng tam gic BCD nn AN = BN suy ra MN AB ,
tng t ta chng minh c MN CD v ng thng PQ vung gc vi c hai
ng thng BC, AD. T suy GA = GB = GC = GD .
XA.GA + XB.GB + XC.GC + XD.GD
Ta c XA + XB + XC + XD =
GA
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
XA.GA + XB.GB + XC.GC + XD.GD

GA
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
XG. GA + GB + GC + GD + 4.GA2
=
= 4GA . Du bng xy ra khi v ch khi X trng vi
GA
im G. Vy XA + XB + XC + XD nh nht khi v ch khi X l trng tm ca t din
ABCD.

0,5

0,25