Sachs7200 Chau Chi Duc

Th.
S Chu Ch
"c
K thu#t 'i(u khi*n
Thnh ph, H/ Ch Minh 10-2008
L0I NI 35U
T #$ng ho cng nghi'p v dn d)ng ngy cng pht tri+n. B$ no trong cc h' th-ng t #$ng ho l cc b$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh. Vi'c h3c v tm hi+u v/ cc b$ khi+n l1p trnh c4ng nh! v1n hnh n cho th1t t-t #ang l nhu c6u c7p thi8t #-i v9i h3c sinh, sinh vin cc ngnh k< thu1t. Hi'n nay ti li'u #+ gi>ng d@y v tham kh>o v/ k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh cn kh h@n ch8. Ti li'u ''k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200'', l quy+n sch #6u tin trong b$ sch v/ k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC h3 SIMATIC S7, #!Ac bin so@n v9i mong mu-n gp m$t ph6n nhB vo vi'c gi>ng d@y v t h3c v/ k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh cCa gio vin, h3c sinh, sinh vin v #3c gi> quan tm v/ PLC h3 SIMATIC S7-200 cCa cng ty Siemens. Ti li'u #!Ac chia thnh 2 t1p. T1p 1 bao gDm cc ph6n c: b>n ph hAp v9i cc b@n m9i bEt #6u lm quen v9i PLC, tuy nhin n c4ng c th+ l ti li'u tham kh>o cho cc b@n # c ki8n thGc c: b>n v/ PLC. T1p 2 l ph6n nng cao t1p trung v/ cc v7n #/ #i/u khi+n s-, truy/n thng v mn hnh #i/u khi+n. C7u trc chung cCa cc t1p sch l H mIi ch!:ng trong cc ph6n #/u c v d) minh h3a cho cc m)c, ngoi ra cu-i mIi ch!:ng c thm m$t s- cu hBi v bi t1p #+ #3c gi> rn luy'n thm. D c m$t thKi gian di lm vi'c v gi>ng d@y v/ k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC h3 SIMATIC, m@ng truy/n thng cng nghi'p v truy/n #$ng cCa hng Siemens cho r7t nhi/u #-i t!Ang khc nhau c4ng nh! # r7t c- gEng trong qu trnh bin so@n nh!ng ti li'u khng trnh khBi thi8u st. R7t mong #!Ac s gp chn thnh cCa qu #3c gi> #+ gip ti li'u #!Ac hon thi'n h:n. Th7 t8 gp xin g9i v( '<a ch>: ccduc2006@gmail.com. Xin cm :n.
L0I TM S@
T1p 1 ''k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200'' # #!Ac vi8t xong tM r7t lu. Nh!ng v nghN #8n vi'c in 7n v pht hnh qu nhiu kh, gi thnh l@i cao v ph>i chK #Ai thKi gian r7t lu t1p sch ny m9i #8n tay b@n #3c, nn tc gi> # hon l@i. NghN rPng cung c7p cho #3c gi>, cc b@n h3c sinh, sinh vin v gio vin thm m$t ti li'u tham kh>o #+ lm phong ph thm ki8n thGc v/ t #$ng ha l vi'c nn lm. V v1y tc gi> ch3n ph!:ng n pht hnh qua m@ng v truy/n tay d!9i d@ng t1p tin v9i ph!:ng chm '' sch hQu ch th m9i c nhu1n bt''. Cc b@n thn m8n! Vi'c bin so@n ti li'u v/ k< thu1t, nh7t l k< thu1t m9i, #i hBi ng!Ki bin so@n ngoi kinh nghi'm chuyn mn cn bB r7t nhi/u thKi gian v cng sGc. Do # sR l m$t ni/m #$ng vin v cng to l9n cho tc gi> #+ ti8p t)c hon thnh t1p 2, b$ sch v/ k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC SIMATIC S7-300/400, cc ti li'u khc lin quan #8n PLC h3 SIMATIC, truy/n thng cng nghi'p, truy/n #$ng cCa hng Siemens n8u #!Ac s #$ng vin tM tinh th6n #8n v1t ch7t. N8u th7y sch ny gip ch cho cc b@n th khi cc b@n sH hQu n (c #!Ac tM b7t kS ph!:ng ti'n no) H d@ng t1p tin hoTc #!Ac in ra H d@ng sch, xin vui lng #$ng vin tc gi> bPng cch chuy+n ti/n vo ti khoBn s, 49809449 cho CHU CH 3CC, ngn hng Th7:ng mEi Chu (ACB) chi nhnh Chu vFn Lim v9i s- ti/n ty theo cCa cc b@n. N8u cc b@n c nhQng #$ng vin khc xin gHi thng tin cho tc gi> qua #Ua chW mail ccduc2006@gmail.com. Cm :n s #$ng vin cCa #3c gi>.
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1 T(ng quan v, /i,u khi0n .......................................................................1 1.1 Khi ni m chung v$ &i$u khi'n ......................................................... 1 1.2 C)u trc m,t qui trnh &i$u khi'n ..................................................... 2 1.3 Cc lo.i &i$u khi'n ........................................................................... 3 1.4 H th/ng s/ ...................................................................................... 4 1.5 Cc khi ni m x0 l thng tin ........................................................... 5 1.5.1 Bit ........................................................................................... 5 1.5.2 Byte ........................................................................................ 5 1.5.3 Word ...................................................................................... 6 1.5.4 DoubleWord .......................................................................... 6 B1 /i,u khi0n l2p trnh PLC C4u trc v ph#6ng th"c ho7t /1ng 7 2.1 Gi3i thi u ......................................................................................... 7 2.2 S6 khc nhau gi7a h &i$u khi'n b9ng relay v h &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC ..................................................................... 8 2.3 C)u trc c;a m,t PLC .................................................................. 11 2.4 Cc kh/i c;a PLC ......................................................................... 13 2.4.1 Kh/i ngu=n cung c)p ......................................................... 13 2.4.2 B, nh3 ch14ng trnh .......................................................... 14 2.4.3 Kh/i trung tm (CPU) ......................................................... 15 2.4.4 Kh/i vo ............................................................................. 15 2.4.5 Kh/i ra ................................................................................ 16 2.4.6 Cc kh/i &>c bi t ................................................................ 16 2.5 Ph14ng th?c th6c hi n ch14ng trnh trong PLC ......................... 16 C8m bi:n v c6 c4u ch4p hnh trong /i,u khi0n logic ................. 3.1 C@m biAn ..................................................................................... 3.1.1 Gi3i thi u ........................................................................... 3.1.2 N/i dy cho c@m biAn ........................................................ 3.1.2.1 Switch ................................................................ 3.1.2.2 Ng ra TTL ......................................................... 3.1.2.3 Ng ra Sinking/Sourcing .................................... 3.1.2.4 Ng ra Solid state relay ...................................... 3.1.3 Pht hi n &/i t1Bng .......................................................... 3.1.3.1 Chuy'n m.ch tiAp xc ....................................... 3.1.3.2 Reed Switches ................................................... 3.1.3.3 C@m biAn quang (Optical Sensor) ...................... 3.1.3.4 C@m biAn &i n dung (Capacitive Sensor) ........... 3.1.3.5 C@m biAn &i n c@m (Inductive Sensor) .............. 3.1.3.6 C@m biAn siu m (Ultrasonic sensor) ............... 3.1.3.7 Hi u ?ng Hall (Hall Effect) ................................. 3.1.3.8 L1u l1Bng (Fluid Flow) ...................................... 3.1.4 Tm tCt .............................................................................. 3.2 C4 c)u ch)p hnh ....................................................................... 3.2.1 Gi3i thi u ........................................................................... 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 23 23 23 23 23 25 26 28 28 28 29 29 29
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3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 4
Solenoid ............................................................................ Van &i$u khi'n (VALVE) .................................................... Xy lanh (CYLINDER) ......................................................... D,ng c4 ............................................................................ Cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh khc................................................
29 30 32 33 34 35 35 35 39 39 40 41 41 42 43 46 46 46 46 47 48 51 51 51 52 54 54 55 57 60 60 60 62 63 64 65 65 65 65 66 66 66 67 67
B1 /i,u khi0n l2p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200 ................................... 4.1 C)u hnh c?ng ............................................................................. 4.1.1 Kh/i x0 l trung tm .......................................................... 4.1.2 Kh/i mE r,ng .................................................................... 4.1.2.1 Digital module ....................................................... 4.1.2.2 Analog module ...................................................... 4.1.2.3 Intelligent module ................................................. 4.1.2.4 Function module ................................................... 4.2 Mn hnh &i$u khi'n .................................................................... 4.3 Cc vng nh3 .............................................................................. 4.4 Qui 13c &Fa chH trong PLC S7-200 .............................................. 4.4.1 Truy xu)t theo bit .............................................................. 4.4.2 Truy xu)t theo byte (8 bit) ................................................. 4.4.3 Truy xu)t theo word (16 bit) .............................................. 4.4.4 Truy xu)t theo 2 word (Double word = 32 bit) ................... 4.5 X0 l ch14ng trnh ...................................................................... K:t n;i dy gi<a PLC v thi:t b> ngo7i vi ....................................... 5.1 KAt n/i dy gi7a PLC v cc thiAt bF ngo.i vi .............................. 5.1.1 Gi3i thi u CPU 224 v cch kAt n/i v3i thiAt bF ngo.i vi .... 5.1.2 KAt n/i v3i my tnh .......................................................... 5.1.3 N/i ngu=n cung c)p cho CPU .......................................... 5.1.4 KAt n/i vo/ra s/ v3i ngo.i vi ............................................ 5.1.4.1 KAt n/i cc ng vo s/ v3i ngo.i vi .................... 5.1.4.2 KAt n/i cc ng ra s/ v3i ngo.i vi ...................... 5.2 Ki'm tra vi c kAt n/i dy b9ng phJn m$m .................................. 5.2.1 Status Chart ...................................................................... 5.2.2 Gim st v thay &Ki biAn v3i Status Chart ....................... 5.2.3 C1Lng b?c biAn v3i Status Chart ..................................... 5.2.4 Mng dOng Status Chart trong vi c ki'm tra kAt n/i dy trong S7-200 ......................................................................................... 5.3 Cu hPi v bi tQp ....................................................................... Ph@n m,m Micro/Win v ngn ng< l2p trnh ............................... 6.1 Ci &>t phJn m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN ........................................ 6.1.1 Yu cJu h &i$u hnh v phJn c?ng ................................ 6.1.2 Ci &>t phJn m$m ............................................................. 6.2 Cc phJn t0 c4 b@n trong ch14ng trnh PLC S7-200 ................. 6.2.1 Ch14ng trnh chnh OB1 (main program) ......................... 6.2.2 Ch14ng trnh con SUB (subroutine) ................................. 6.2.3 Ch14ng trnh ngCt INT(interrupt routine) .......................... 6.2.4 Kh/i h th/ng (system block) ............................................
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6.2.5 Kh/i d7 li u (data block) ................................................... 6.3 Ngn ng7 lQp trnh ...................................................................... 6.3.1 D.ng hnh thang: LAD (Ladder logic) ................................ 6.3.2 D.ng kh/i ch?c nRng: FBD (Function Block Diagram) ...... 6.3.3 D.ng li t k l nh: STL (StaTement List) ........................... 6.4 So.n th@o ch14ng trnh v3i phJn m$m STEP7-Micro/Win V4.0 SP6 ........................................................ 6.4.1 ME mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh .............................. 6.4.1.1 Vng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh ............................ 6.4.1.2 Cy l nh ............................................................. 6.4.1.3 Thanh ch?c nRng ............................................... 6.4.2 Thanh cng cO (Toolbar) trong STEP7-Micro/WIN ........... 6.4.3 T.o m,t d6 n STEP 7-Micro/WIN ................................... 6.4.3.1 T.o d6 n m3i ................................................... 6.4.3.2 L1u d6 n .......................................................... 6.4.3.3 ME m,t d6 n .................................................... 6.4.4 Th1 vi n ........................................................................... 6.4.5 H th/ng trB gip trong STEP 7-Micro/WIN ...................... 6.4.6 Xa b, nh3 CPU ............................................................... 6.4.7 ME m,t d6 n &ang t=n t.i sSn ......................................... 6.4.8 KAt n/i truy$n thng S7-200 v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh .............. 6.4.9 T@i d6 n tU PLC .............................................................. 6.4.9.1 T@i m,t kh/i ho>c ba kh/i .................................. 6.4.9.2 T@i vo m,t d6 n m3i ho>c d6 n rWng ........... 6.4.9.3 T@i vo m,t d6 n t=n t.i ................................... 6.4.9.4 Th; tOc t@i d6 n tU PLC v$ thiAt bF lQp trnh ..... 6.4.10 N.p (download) m,t d6 n vo PLC .............................. 6.4.11 ThiAt lQp c)u hnh chung cho phJn m$m (menu option v customize) ................................... 6.4.11.1 Menu Option ....................................................... 6.4.11.2 Menu Custommize ............................................. 6.4.12 So.n th@o ch14ng trnh .................................................. 7
67 67 68 68 69 69 69 70 70 70 75 77 77 77 78 78 79 80 80 81 82 82 82 82 82 83 85 85 86 88
Cc php ton logic .......................................................................... 95 7.1 NgRn xAp (logic stack) trong S7-200 ........................................... 95 7.2 Cc php ton logic c4 b@n ........................................................ 96 7.2.1 Php ton AND ................................................................. 96 7.2.2 Php ton OR ................................................................... 97 7.2.3 TK hBp cc cKng AND v OR ............................................ 98 7.2.3.1 AND tr13c OR ................................................... 98 7.2.3.2 OR tr13c AND ................................................... 98 7.2.4 Php ton XOR ................................................................. 99 7.3 X0 l cc tiAp &i'm, c@m biAn &1Bc n/i v3i ng vo PLC .......... 100 7.4 V dO ?ng dOng cc lin kAt logic ................................................ 102 7.4.1 M.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin mE my ........................................ 102 7.4.2 M.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin dUng my ..................................... 103 7.4.3 Di$u khi'n ON/OFF &,ng c4 c chH bo ........................... 104 7.4.4 Di$u khi'n &@o chi$u quay &,ng c4 .................................. 106 7.5 Bit nh3 M (bit memory) ................................................................ 109
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7.6 Cc l 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3
nh SET, RESET v m.ch nh3 RS ..................................... 111 L nh SET .......................................................................... 111 L nh RESET (R) ............................................................... 112 M.ch nh3 R-S ................................................................... 112 7.6.3.1 Nu tin SET (khu SR) ...................................... 112 7.6.3.2 Nu tin RESET (khu RS) ................................. 113 7.6.4 Cc qui tCc khi s0 dOng Set v Reset ............................... 114 7.6.5 V dO ?ng dOng m.ch nh3 R-S ......................................... 114 7.7 Cc l nh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hi u v l nh NOT ............................ 118 7.7.1 L nh NOT .......................................................................... 118 7.7.1 Cc l nh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hi u ....................................... 118 7.8 Cc Bit nh3 &>c bi t (Special Memory bits) ................................ 120 7.9 Cu hPi v bi tQp ....................................................................... 121 Thi:t k: theo logic Bool & bi0u /A Karnaugh .......................................... 125 8.1 Gi3i thi u ..................................................................................... 125 8.2 D.i s/ BOOL ............................................................................... 125 8.3 ThiAt kA Logic .............................................................................. 127 8.3.1 Cc kX thuQt &.i s/ Bool .................................................... 131 8.4 Cc d.ng logic chung .................................................................. 132 8.4.1 D.ng cKng ph?c ................................................................ 132 8.4.2 Multiplexers ....................................................................... 132 8.5 M,t s/ v dO thiAt kA &4n gi@n v3i &.i s/ bool ............................. 133 8.5.1 Cc ch?c nRng logic c4 b@n ............................................. 133 8.5.2 H th/ng an ton xe h4i .................................................... 134 8.5.3 Quay ph@i/tri &,ng c4 ...................................................... 134 8.5.4 C@nh bo tr,m .................................................................. 135 8.6 Bi'u &= Karnaugh ........................................................................ 136 8.6.1 Gi3i thi u ........................................................................... 136 8.7 Cu hPi v bi tQp ....................................................................... 139 B1 />nh thBi (Timer) ........................................................................ 9.1 Gi3i thi u ..................................................................................... 9.2 Timer &ng m.ch chQm TON ...................................................... 9.3 Timer &ng m.ch chQm c nh3 TONR ....................................... 9.4 Timer mE m.ch chQm TOF ......................................................... 9.5 Mng dOng Timer .......................................................................... 9.5.1 T.o xung c tJn s/ theo mong mu/n ................................ 9.5.2 T.o Timer xung v timer xung c nh3 ............................... 9.5.2.1 Timer xung (Pulse timer) .................................... 9.5.2.2 Timer xung c nh3 (Extended Pulse timer) ........ 9.5.3 D@o chi$u quay &,ng c4 c kh/ng chA thZi gian .............. 9.5.4 ChiAu sng Garage ........................................................... 9.5.5 ThiAt bF rt ch)t lPng vo thng ch?a ................................ 9.6 Cu hPi v bi tQp ....................................................................... 147 147 148 149 150 152 152 152 152 153 154 155 156 161
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B1 /:m (Counter) ............................................................................. 170 10.1 Gi3i thi u .................................................................................. 170 10.2 B, &Am ln CTU (Count Up) ..................................................... 171
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10.3 B, &Am xu/ng CTD (Count Down) ........................................... 10.4 B, &Am ln-xu/ng CTUD (Count Up/Down) ............................. 10.5 Mng dOng b, &Am ..................................................................... 10.5.1 DAm s@n ph[m &1Bc &ng gi ..................................... 10.5.2 Ki'm sot chW cho Garage ngJm ................................. 10.6 Cu hPi v bi tQp ..................................................................... 11 i,u khi0n trnh tD ............................................................................ 11.1 C)u trc chung c;a m,t ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n .................... 11.2 Di$u khi'n trnh t6 ................................................................... 11.2.1 Gi3i thi u ..................................................................... 11.2.2 Ph14ng php lQp trnh &i$u khi'n trnh t6 .................. 11.3 Cc th; tOc tKng qut &' thiAt kA bi ton trnh t6 .................... 11.4 C)u trc c;a bi ton &i$u khi'n trnh t6 .................................. 11.4.1 ChuWi trnh t6 .............................................................. 11.4.2 Ki'u ho.t &,ng ............................................................. 11.4.3 Cc thng bo .............................................................. 11.4.4 Kch ho.t ng ra ........................................................... 11.5 Cc k hi u ............................................................................... 11.6 B13c trnh t6 ............................................................................ 11.7 Cc l nh bi'u di\n trong s4 &= ch?c nRng ............................... 11.8 Cc chA &, ho.t &,ng, c@nh bo v xu)t l nh .......................... 11.8.1 B@ng &i$u khi'n ........................................................... 11.8.2 Cc khu chA &, ho.t &,ng c c@nh bo ..................... 11.8.3 Hi'n thF b13c trnh t6 ................................................... 11.8.4 Xu)t l nh ...................................................................... 11.9 Cc v dO ?ng dOng .................................................................. 11.9.1 My phay &4n gi@n ...................................................... 11.9.2 BRng chuy$n &Am to .................................................. 11.10 Cu hPi v bi tQp ........................................................
172 173 174 174 175 178 181 181 182 182 184 186 188 188 188 190 190 190 191 193 197 198 199 201 201 201 201 205 210
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An ton trong PLC ............................................................................ 218 12.1 Khi ni m v mOc &ch ............................................................. 218 12.2 H1 hPng E PLC ........................................................................ 218 12.3 Cc quan &i'm v$ kX thuQt an ton E PLC ............................... 219 12.3.1 Cc lWi nguy hi'm v khng nguy hi'm ........................ 219 12.3.2 Cc cch gi@i quyAt cho ho.t &,ng an ton c;a thiAt bF &i$u khi'n PLC ............................................................... 220 12.4 B@o v cc ng ra PLC ............................................................. 223 12.4.1 B@o v ng ra dng Transistor ..................................... 224 12.4.2 B@o v ng ra R4le c ngu=n &i$u khi'n DC ............... 224 12.4.3 B@o v ng ra R4le v ng ra AC c ngu=n &i$u khi'n AC ................................................................ 224 12.5 Cu hPi v bi tQp ..................................................................... 225 Chuy0n /i,u khi0n k:t n;i c"ng sang /i,u khi0n bEng PLC ........ 226 13.1 KAt n/i ng vo/ ra c;a PLC tU m,t s4 &= &i$u khi'n c tiAp &i'm ............................................................................... 226 13.2 Chuy'n &Ki &i$u khi'n tU contactor thnh PLC ......................... 228
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13.2.1 Di$u khi'n thiAt bF b cng su)t ph@n khng ................ 13.2.2 ThiAt bF nghi$n .............................................................. 13.3 Di$u khi'n kh nn .................................................................... 13.3.1 My u/n thanh kim lo.i ................................................ 13.3.2 My doa mi ng /ng kim lo.i ......................................... 13.4 Cu hPi v bi tQp ..................................................................... 14 Cc php ton c6 b8n trong /i,u khi0n s; .................................... 14.1 Cc d.ng s/ trong PLC ............................................................ 14.1.1 Ki'u d7 li u Integer (INT) ............................................. 14.1.2 Ki'u d7 li u Double Integer (DINT) .............................. 14.1.3 Ki'u d7 li u s/ th6c (REAL) ........................................ 14.1.4 Ki'u d7 li u s/ BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) .............. 14.2 Ch?c nRng sao chp ................................................................ 14.2.1 Cc l nh sao chp, trao &Ki n,i dung ........................... 14.2.2 Cc l nh sao chp m,t m@ng l3n d7 li u .................... 14.3 Php ton so snh .................................................................... 14.4 Php ton s/ h]c ...................................................................... 14.4.1 C,ng v trU .................................................................. 14.4.2 Nhn v chia ................................................................ 14.4.3 V dO php ton s/ h]c ................................................ 14.5 TRng v gi@m thanh ghi ........................................................... 14.6 Cc php tan logic s/ ............................................................. 14.6.1 Cc logic s/ trong S7-200 ............................................ 14.6.2 Mng dOng ..................................................................... 14.6.2.1 Che vF tr cc bit ............................................ 14.6.2.2 Chn thm bit ................................................ 14.7 Ch?c nRng dFch/quay thanh ghi ................................................ 14.7.1 Ch?c nRng dFch chuy'n thanh ghi ................................ 14.7.1.1 DFch tri ......................................................... 14.7.1.2 DFch ph@i ....................................................... 14.7.2 Ch?c nRng quay thanh ghi ........................................... 14.7.2.1 Quay tri ....................................................... 14.7.2.2 Quay ph@i .....................................................
230 237 241 242 246 253 257 257 257 258 259 260 261 261 263 264 266 266 267 268 269 271 271 272 272 273 273 273 273 274 275 276 277
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TZng quan v/ #i/u khi+n
T(ng quan v, /i,u khi0n
1.1
Khi niGm chung v, /i,u khi0n
Di$u khi'n c nhi m vO th6c hi n cc ch?c nRng ring c;a m,t my mc hay thiAt bF theo m,t trnh t6 ho.t &,ng &Fnh tr13c phO thu,c vo tr.ng thi c;a my hay b, pht tn hi u. S6 &i$u khi'n &1Bc phn bi t theo cc &>c &i'm khc nhau: * Theo loEi bi*u diHn thng tin - Yi/u khi+n nhU phn: X0 l tn hi u &Ju vo nhF phn (tn hi u 1-0) thnh cc tn hi u ra nhF phn. - Yi/u khi+n s-: X0 l cc thng tin s/, c nghâ cc thng tin &1Bc bi'u di\n d13i d.ng s/. * Theo loEi xJ l tn hiKu - Yi/u khi+n lin k8t: Cc tr.ng thi tn hi u xc &Fnh c;a ng ra &1Bc &i$u khi'n bEi cc tr.ng thi tn hi u c;a ng vo tu` thu,c vo cc ch?c nRng lin kAt (AND, OR, NOT). - Yi/u khi+n trnh t : Di$u khi'n v3i trnh t6 theo tUng b13c, s6 &ng m.ch c;a m,t b13c sau x@y ra phO thu,c vo &i$u ki n &ng m.ch tiAp theo. Di$u ki n &ng m.ch tiAp theo c th' phO thu,c vo qui trnh hay thZi gian. - Yi/u khi+n khng #Dng b$: Vi c &i$u khi'n &1Bc x0 l E s6 thay &Ki tr6c tiAp c;a tn hi u ng vo khng cJn tn hi u xung phO (&i$u khi'n chQm). - Yi/u khi+n #Dng b$ xung: Vi c &i$u khi'n &1Bc x0 l E cc tn hi u chH &=ng b, v3i m,t tn hi u xung (&i$u khi'n nhanh). * Theo loEi thLc hiKn ch7:ng trnh - Yi/u khi+n theo ch!:ng trnh k8t n-i cGng: Lo.i &i$u khi'n ny c th' &1Bc lQp trnh c/ &Fnh, c nghâ khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc v dO nh1 lCp &>t dy n/i c/ &Fnh hay c th' thay &Ki ch14ng trnh thng qua cc &Ju n/i (ma trQn diode). - Yi/u khi+n kh> trnh: Ch?c nRng &i$u khi'n &1Bc l1u gi7 trong m,t b, nh3 ch14ng trnh. NAu s0 dOng b, nh3 &]c/ghi (RAM), th c th' thay &Ki ch14ng trnh m khng cJn can thi p &An phJn c4 kh (&i$u khi'n c th' lQp trnh t6 do). NAu ng1Bc l.i l m,t b, nh3 chH &]c (ROM), th ch14ng trnh c th'
Chu Ch YGc
&1Bc thay &Ki b9ng cch thay &Ki b, nh3 (&i$u khi'n c th' thay &Ki ch14ng trnh).
Hnh 1.1: S: #D cc lo@i #i/u khi+n
1.2 C4u trc m1t qui trnh /i,u khi0n

MWi s6 &i$u khi'n &1Bc chia ra lm 3 b, phQn hBp thnh: Ng vo d7 li u (ng vo tn hi u), X0 l d7 li u (x0 l tn hi u cang nh1 cc lin kAt) v ng ra d7 li u ( ng ra tn hi u). Dng d7 li u trong m,t s6 &i$u khi'n x@y ra tU &Ju vo d7 li u qua phJn x0 l d7 li u &An ng ra d7 li u.
Do ng d lieu Datenflu Ngo vao d lieu Dateneingabe Anpassung Giao tiAp tn X ly d lieu Datenverarbeitung
Verarbeitung
Ngo ra d lieu Datenausgabe

Verstrkung
Signal Ngo vao eingabe
hieu
X ly
Khuech ai
Ausgabe
Ngo ra
Ngu =n cung c)p Stromversorgung

Hnh 1.2: C7u trc chung cCa m$t qui trnh #i/u khi+n + Ng vo tn hiKu: Bao g=m cc lo.i tn hi u c;a cc b, pht tn hi u nh1 nt nh)n, cng tCc hnh trnh, c@m biAn &i n dung, c@m biAn &i n c@m .v.v..
Chu Ch YGc
Tu` thu,c vo lo.i &i$u khi'n, cc tn hi u c th' l nhF phn, s/ hay tn hi u t14ng t6. + Giao tiMp: PhJn ny cJn thiAt, nAu tn hi u c;a m,t h th/ng l. cJn ph@i &1Bc x0 l. M,t b, phQn chuy'n &Ki tU tn hi u ng vo thnh tn hi u ph hBp v3i m?c c;a tn hi u x0 l &1Bc &>t E phJn giao tiAp. Ton b, cc lin kAt, trnh t6 thZi gian, cc ch?c nRng nh3, &Am .v.v.. &1Bc th6c hi n trong phJn ny. PhJn x0 l l phJn chnh c;a t)t c@ cc h th/ng &i$u khi'n. Cc kX thuQt &i$u khi'n c tiAp &i'm nh1 khEi &,ng tU phO, relay thZi gian, kX thuQt &i$u khi'n b9ng m.ch &i n t0 (nh1 AND, OR, NOT ...) &1Bc PLC hay my tnh &i$u khi'n qu trnh tKng hBp t.i &y. + KhuMch 'Ei: Cc tn hi u tU phJn x0 l c m?c &, cng su)t b &1Bc khuAch &.i l3n ln nhi$u lJn E &y &' c th' &i$u khi'n cc khEi &,ng tU, van tU hay cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n khc v cc &n bo. PhJn ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n m c @nh h1Eng tr6c tiAp &An qu trnh &i$u khi'n (v dO: KhEi &,ng tU, van tU, thyristor, v.v..)
+ XJ l:
+ Ng ra:
1.3 Cc lo7i /i,u khi0n

Trong kX thuQt &i$u khi'n cang nh1 t6 &,ng ha, ng1Zi ta chia ra lm hai lo.i &i$u khi'n: &i$u khi'n kAt n/i c?ng v &i$u khi'n kh@ trnh. * 3i(u khi*n kMt n,i cNng Di$u khi'n kAt n/i c?ng l lo.i &i$u khi'n m cc ch?c nRng c;a n &1Bc &>t c/ &Fnh (n/i dy). NAu mu/n thay &Ki ch?c nRng &i$u & c nghâ l thay &Ki kAt n/i dy. Di$u khi'n kAt n/i c?ng c th' th6c hi n v3i cc tiAp &i'm (Relay, khEi &,ng tU, v.v.) hay &i n t0 (m.ch &i n t0). * 3i(u khi*n khB trnh (PLC) Di$u khi'n kh@ trnh l lo.i &i$u khi'n m ch?c nRng c;a n &1Bc &>t c/ &Fnh thng qua m,t ch14ng trnh cn g]i l b, nh3 ch14ng trnh. S6 &i$u khi'n bao g=m m,t thiAt bF &i$u khi'n m E & t)t c@ cc b, pht tn hi u cJn thiAt v &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n &1Bc kAt n/i cho m,t ch?c nRng cO th'. NAu ch?c nRng &i$u khi'n cJn &1Bc thay &Ki, th chH ph@i thay &Ki ch14ng trnh b9ng thiAt bF lQp trnh E &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n t14ng ?ng hay cCm m,t b, nh3 ch14ng trnh & lQp trnh khc vo trong &i$u khi'n.

Elektrische Steuerungen ieu khie n ien
Chu Ch YGc
verbindungsprogrammiert
KAt n/i c?ng
speicherprogrammiert Kh@ trnh
ChProgramm 14ng trnh
THI bT Be Tg DhNG HA AUTOMATISIERUNGSGERT

B, nh3 Programm Speicher ch 14ng trnh
Hnh 1.3: Hai lo@i #i/u khi+n trong s>n xu7t
1.4 HG th;ng s;
Trong x0 l cc phJn t0 nh3, cc ng vo, cc ng ra, thZi gian, cc nh3 v.v... b9ng PLC th h thQp phn khng &1Bc s0 dOng m l h th/ng s/ nhF phn (h hai trF). * HK nh< phn H nhF phn chH c cc s/ 0 v 1, c th' &1Bc &]c v bi'u di\n gi trF d\ dng trong kX thuQt. Gi trF &Fnh vF c;a m,t s/ nhF phn l s/ ma c;a hai. D, l3n c;a s/ thng th1Zng &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng m BCD (Binary-CodeDecimal). D/i v3i mWi s/ Decimal &1Bc viAt v3i s/ nhF phn 4 vF tr. * S, th#p lOc phn ( Hexadecimal) H thQp lOc phn c 16 k hi u khc nhau tU 0-9 v A-F. Gi trF &Fnh vF c;a m,t s/ thQp lOc phn s/ ma c;a 16. - H' nhU phn: Ch7 s/: 0,1 23 8 22 4 21 2 20 1 Gi trF &Fnh vF = S/ ma c;a c4 s/ 2
Chu Ch YGc
V d): 123 8 - H' th1p l)c phn:
0 021 0
1 + 120 + 1 = 13D
+ 122 + + 4 +
ch7 s/: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E;F 163 4096 162 256 A A161 160 + + B B160 11 = 683 D 161 16 160 1
Gi trF &Fnh vF = S/ ma c;a c4 s/ 16
V d): 2 162 512
2 + +
1.5 Cc khi niGm xH l thng tin

Trong PLC, hJu hAt cc khi ni m trong x0 l thng tin cang nh1 d7 li u &$u &1Bc s0 dOng nh1 Bit, Byte, Word v doubleword.
1.5.1
Bit
Bit l &4n vF thng tin nhF phn nhP nh)t, c c th' c gi trF 0 ho>c 1.
24 V
1 c &i n p
0V 0 khng c &i n p Hnh 1.4: M$t bit c th+ c tr@ng thi tn hi'u 1 hoTc 0
1.5.2
Byte
Chu Ch YGc
1 Byte g=m c 8 Bit BYTE 0 1 0
0 0
1
Tr.ng thi tn hi u
1.5.3
Word
1 Word gom co 2 Byte hay 16 Bit. Vi Word co the bieu dien cac dang: so nh phan, ky t hay cau lenh ieu khien. Tr.ng thi tn hi u WORD
0 1 1
1 Byte
0 0 1
1 0
1 0
0 1
1 Byte
1.5.4
DoubleWord
1 DoubleWord gom co 4 Byte hay 32 Bit. Vi DoubleWord co the bieu dien cac dang: so nh phan, ky t hay cau lenh ieu khien.
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 Word Tom tat:
1 Word
Gi trF 0 ho>c 1
1 Bit 1 Byte
1 Word
1 Byte 1 doubleWord
1 Byte
1 Word
1 Word
Chu Ch YGc
B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC
B1 /i,u khi0n l2p trnh PLC C4u trc v ph#6ng th"c ho7t /1ng
2.1
GiIi thiGu
Cc thnh phJn c;a kX thuQt &i$u khi'n &i n v &i n t0 ngy cng &ng m,t vai tr v cng to l3n trong l^nh v6c t6 &,ng ha ngy cng cao. Trong nh7ng nRm gJn &y, bn c.nh vi c &i$u khi'n b9ng Relay v khEi &,ng tU th vi c &i$u khi'n c th' lQp trnh &1Bc cng pht tri'n v3i h th/ng &ng m.ch &i n t0 v th6c hi n lQp trnh b9ng my tnh. Trong nhi$u l^nh v6c, cc lo.i &i$u khi'n ca & &1Bc thay &Ki bEi cc b, &i$u khi'n c th' lQp trnh &1Bc, c th' g]i l cc b, &i$u khi'n logic kh@ trnh, viAt tCt trong tiAng Anh l PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). S6 khc bi t c4 b@n gi7a &i$u khi'n logic kh@ trnh ( thay &Ki &1Bc qui trnh ho.t &,ng) v &i$u khi'n theo kAt n/i c?ng (khng thay &Ki &1Bc qui trnh ho.t &,ng) l: S k8t n-i dy khng cn nQa, thay vo # l ch!:ng trnh. C th' lQp trnh cho PLC nhZ vo cc ngn ng7 lQp trnh &4n gi@n. D>c bi t &/i v3i ng1Zi s0 dOng khng cJn nhZ vo cc ngn ng7 lQp trnh kh khRn, cang c th' lQp trnh PLC &1Bc nhZ vo cc lin kAt logic c4 b@n. Nh1 vQy thiAt bF PLC lm nhi m vO thay thA phJn m.ch &i n &i$u khi'n trong khu x0 l s/ li u. Nhi m vO c;a s4 &= m.ch &i$u khi'n sj &1Bc xc &Fnh bEi m,t s/ h7u h.n cc b13c th6c hi n xc &Fnh g]i l ch7:ng trnh. Ch14ng trnh ny m t@ cc b13c th6c hi n g]i m,t tiAn trnh &i$u khi'n, tiAn trnh ny &1Bc l1u vo b, nh3 nn &1Bc g]i l 'i(u khi*n theo l#p trnh nhQ hay 'i(u khi*n khB trnh. Trn c4 sE khc nhau E khu x0 l s/ li u c th' bi'u di\n hai h &i$u khi'n nh1 sau:
Chu Ch YGc
Cc b7Qc thiMt l#p hK 'i(u khi*n bRng relay 'iKn Xc &Fnh nhi m vO &i$u khi'n S4 &= m.ch &i n Ch]n phJn t0 m.ch &i n Dy n/i lin kAt cc phJn t0 Ki'm tra ho.t &,ng
Cc b7Qc thiMt l#p hK 'i(u khi*n bRng PLC Xc &Fnh nhi m vO &i$u khi'n ThiAt kA thuQt gi@i S]an th@o ch14ng trnh Ki'm tra ho.t &,ng
Khi thay &Ki nhi m vO &i$u khi'n th ng1Zi ta thay &Ki m.ch &i$u khi'n: LCp l.i m.ch, thay &Ki cc phJn t0 m3i E h &i$u khi'n b9ng relay &i n. Trong khi & khi thay &Ki nhi m vO &i$u khi'n E h &i$u khi'n logic kh@ trnh (PLC) th ng1Zi ta chH thay &Ki ch14ng trnh so.n th@o.
2.2 SD khc nhau gi<a hG /i,u khi0n bEng relay v hG /i,u khi0n bEng PLC
S6 khc nhau gi7a h &i$u khi'n b9ng relay v h &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC c th' minh ho. m,t cch cO th' nh1 sau: Di$u khi'n h th/ng c;a 3 my b4m qua 3 khEi &,ng tU K1, K2, K3. Trnh t6 &i$u khi'n nh1 sau: Cc khEi &,ng tU chH &1Bc php th6c hi n tuJn t6, nghâ l K1 &ng tr13c, tiAp theo K2 &ng v cu/i cng K3 m3i &ng. D' th6c hi n nhi m vO theo yu cJu trn m.ch &i$u khi'n &1Bc thiAt kA nh1 sau:
F1 S1 S2 K1 S3 K1 K1 K2 K2 S4 K2 K3 K3
Hnh 2.1: M@ch #i/u khi+n trnh t 3 my b:m
Chu Ch YGc
KhEi &,ng tU K2 sj &ng khi cng tCc S3 &ng v3i &i$u ki n l khEi &,ng tU K1 & &ng tr13c &. Ph14ng th?c &i$u khi'n nh1 vQy &1Bc g]i l &i$u khi'n trnh t6. TiAn trnh &i$u khi'n ny &1Bc th6c hi n m,t cch c1Lng b?c. - B/n nt nh)n S1, S2, S3, S4: Cc phJn t0 nhQp tn hi u. - Cc tiAp &i'm K1, K2, K3 v cc m/i n/i lin kAt l cc phJn t0 x0 l. - Cc khEi &,ng tU K1, K2, K3 l kAt qu@ x0 l. NAu thay &Ki m.ch &i n &i$u khi'n E phJn x0 l b9ng h PLC ta c th' bi'u di\n h th/ng nh1 sau: - Ph6n t[ vo: Cc nt nh)n S1, S2, S3, S4 vkn gi7 nguyn. - Ph6n t[ ra: Ba khEi &,ng tU K1, K2, K3, &' &ng v mE ba my b4m vkn gi7 nguyn. - Ph6n t[ x[ l: D1Bc thay thA b9ng PLC. S4 &= kAt n/i v3i PLC &1Bc cho nh1 E hnh 2.3. Trnh t6 &ng mE theo yu cJu &$ ra sj &1Bc lQp trnh, ch14ng trnh sj &1Bc n.p vo b, nh3. By giZ gi@ thiAt r9ng nhi m vO &i$u khi'n sj thay &Ki. H th/ng ba my b4m vkn gi7 nguyn, nh1ng trnh t6 &1Bc th6c hi n nh1 sau: chH &ng &1Bc hai trong ba my b4m ho>c mWi my b4m c th' ho.t &,ng m,t cch &,c lQp. Nh1 vQy theo yu cJu m3i &/i v3i h th/ng &i$u khi'n b9ng relay &i n ph@i thiAt kA l.i m.ch &i$u khi'n, s4 &= lCp rp ph@i th6c hi n l.i hon ton m3i. S4 &= m.ch &i$u khi'n bi\u di\n nh1 hnh 2.4. Nh1 vQy m.ch &i$u khi'n sj thay &Ki r)t nhi$u nh1ng phJn t0 &1a tn hi u vo v ra vkn gi7 nguyn, chi ph cho nhi m vO m3i sj cao h4n. NAu ta thay &Ki h &i$u khi'n trn b9ng h &i$u khi'n lQp trnh PLC, khi nhi m vO &i$u khi'n thay &Ki th th6c hi n sj nhanh h4n v &4n gi@n h4n b9ng cch thay &Ki l.i ch14ng trnh.
Hnh 2.2: S: #D m@ch #!Ac chuy+n thnh ch!:ng trnh trong PLC
Chu Ch YGc
24V S1 24V S2 in1 S3 in2 S4 in3 in4
0V K1
out1
out2 K2
out3 K3 0V
Hnh 2.3: S: #D k8t n-i v9i PLC
Hnh 2.4: S: #D m@ch #i/u khi+n 3 #$ng c: # #!Ac thay #Zi H &i$u khi'n lQp trnh PLC c nh7ng 1u &i'm sau: - Thch ?ng v3i nh7ng nhi m vO &i$u khi'n khc nhau. - Kh@ nRng thay &Ki &4n gi@n trong qu trnh &1a thiAt bF vo s0 dOng. - TiAt ki m khng gian lCp &>t. - TiAt ki m thZi gian trong qu trnh mE r,ng v pht tri'n nhi m vO &i$u khi'n b9ng cch copy cc ch14ng trnh. - Cc thiAt bF &i$u khi'n theo chu[n. - Khng cJn cc tiAp &i'm. - v.v H th/ng &i$u khi'n lQp trnh PLC &1Bc s0 r,ng r)t r,ng ri trong cc ngnh khc nhau: - Di$u khi'n thang my. - Di$u khi'n cc qu trnh s@n xu)t khc nhau: s@n su)t bia, s@n xu)t xi mRng v.v ....
10
Chu Ch YGc
- H th/ng r0a t t6 &,ng. - ThiAt bF khai thc . - ThiAt bF &ng gi bao b, t6 &,ng m. v trng kjm v.v ... - ThiAt bF s)y. -
2.3 C4u trc cJa m1t PLC

Cc b, &i$u khi'n PLC &1Bc s@n xu)t theo dng s@n ph[m. Khi m3i xu)t x1Eng, chng ch1a c m,t ch14ng trnh cho m,t ?ng dOng no c@. T)t c@ cc cKng logic c4 b@n, ch?c nRng nh3, timer, counter .v.v... &1Bc nh chA t.o tch hBp trong chng v &1Bc kAt n/i v3i nhau b9ng ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt bEi ng1Zi dng cho m,t nhi m vO &i$u khi'n cO th' no &. B, &i$u khi'n PLC c nhi$u lo.i khc nhau v &1Bc phn bi t v3i nhau qua cc thnh phJn sau: - Cc ng vo v ra - Dung l1Bng nh3 - B, &Am (counter) - B, &Fnh thZi (timer) - Bit nh3 - Cc ch?c nRng &>c bi t - T/c &, x0 l - Lo.i x0 l ch14ng trnh. - Kh@ nRng truy$n thng. Cc b, &i$u khi'n l3n th cc thnh phJn trn &1Bc lCp thnh cc modul ring. D/i v3i cc b, &i$u khi'n nhP, chng &1Bc tch hBp trong b, &i$u khi'n. Cc b, &i$u khi'n nhP ny c s/ l1Bng ng vo/ra cho tr13c c/ &Fnh. B, &i$u khi'n &1Bc cung c)p tn hi u bEi cc tn hi u tU cc c@m biAn E ng vo c;a n. Tn hi u ny &1Bc x0 l tiAp tOc thng qua ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n &>t trong b, nh3 ch14ng trnh. KAt qu@ x0 l &1Bc &1a ra ng ra &' &An &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n hay khu &i$u khi'n E d.ng tn hi u. C)u trc c;a m,t PLC c th' &1Bc m t@ nh1 hnh vj sau:
11
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 2.5: C7u trc chung cCa b$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC * BS nhQ ch7:ng trnh B, nh3 ch14ng trnh trong PLC l m,t b, nh3 &i n t0 &>c bi t c th' &]c &1Bc. NAu s0 dOng b, nh3 &]c-ghi &1Bc (RAM), th n,i dung c;a n lun lun &1Bc thay &Ki v dO nh1 trong tr1Zng hBp vQn hnh &i$u khi'n. Trong tr1Zng hBp &i n p ngu=n bF m)t th n,i dung trong RAM c th' vkn &1Bc gi7 l.i nAu nh1 c s0 dOng Pin d6 phng. NAu ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n lm vi c Kn &Fnh, hBp l, n c th' &1Bc n.p vo m,t b, nh3 c/ &Fnh, v dO nh1 EPROM, EEPROM. N,i dung ch14ng trnh E EPROM c th' bF xa b9ng tia c6c tm. * HK 'i(u hnh Sau khi bQt ngu=n cung c)p cho b, &i$u khi'n, h &i$u hnh c;a n sj &>t cc counter, timer, d7 li u v bit nh3 v3i thu,c tnh non-retentive (khng &1Bc nh3 bEi Pin d6 phng) cang nh1 ACCU v$ 0. D' x0 l ch14ng trnh, h &i$u hnh &]c tUng dng ch14ng trnh tU &Ju &An cu/i. T14ng ?ng h &i$u hnh th6c hi n ch14ng trnh theo cc cu l nh. * Bit nhQ (Bit memoryt) Cc bit memory l cc phJn t0 nh3, m h &i$u hnh ghi nh3 tr.ng thi tn hi u. * BS 'Km (Proccess Image) B, & m l m,t vng nh3, m h &i$u hnh ghi nh3 cc tr.ng thi tn hi u E cc ng vo ra nhF phn.
12
Chu Ch YGc
* Accumulator Accumulator l m,t b, nh3 trung gian m qua n timer hay counter &1Bc n.p vo hay th6c hi n cc php ton s/ h]c. * Counter, Timer Timer v counter cang l cc vng nh3, h &i$u hnh ghi nh3 cc gi trF &Am trong n. * HK th,ng Bus B, nh3 ch14ng trnh, h &i$u hnh v cc modul ngo.i vi (cc ng vo v ng ra) &1Bc kAt n/i v3i PLC thng qua Bus n/i. M,t Bus bao g=m cc dy dkn m cc d7 li u &1Bc trao &Ki. H &i$u hnh tK ch?c vi c truy$n d7 li u trn cc dy dkn ny.
2.4 Cc kh;i cJa PLC

Cc kh/i khc nhau c;a m,t PLC &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 2.6.
2.4.1 Kh;i nguAn cung c4p

Kh/i ngu=n c nhi m vO biAn &Ki &i n p l13i (110V hay 220V ) thnh &i n p th)p h4n cung c)p cho cc kh/i c;a thiAt bF t6 &,ng. Di n p ny l 24VDC. Cc &i n p cho c@m biAn, thiAt bF &i$u chHnh v cc &n bo n9m trong kho@ng (24...220V) c th' &1Bc cung c)p thm tU cc ngu=n phO v dO nh1 biAn p.
Hnh 2.6:Cc kh-i trong m$t PLC
13
Chu Ch YGc
2.4.2 B1 nhI ch#6ng trnh

Cc phJn t0 nh3 l cc linh ki n m thng tin c th' &1Bc l1u tr7 (&1Bc nh3) trong n E d.ng tn hi u nhF phn. Trong PLC cc b, nh3 bn dkn &1Bc s0 dOng lm b, nh3 ch14ng trnh. M,t b, nh3 bao g=m 512, 1024, 2048 . . .phJn t0 nh3, cc phJn t0 nh3 ny sCp &>t theo cc &Fa chH tU 0 t3i 511, 1023 ho>c 2047 . . .. Thng th1Zng s/ l1Bng c;a cc phJn t0 nh3 trong m,t b, nh3 cho biAt dung l1Bng c;a n l bao nhiu kilobyte (1kB = 1024 byte). Trong mWi nh3 c th' m t@ m,t cu l nh &i$u khi'n nhZ thiAt bF lQp trnh. MWi phJn t0 nhF phn c;a m,t nh3 c th' c tr.ng thi tn hi u "0" ho>c "1". S4 &= c;a m,t b, nh3 ch14ng trnh &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 2.7. * BS nhQ 'Tc-ghi RAM (random-access memory) B, nh3 ghi-&]c c 1 s/ l1Bng cc nh3 xc &Fnh. MWi nh3 c 1 dung l1Bng nh3 c/ &Fnh v n chH tiAp nhQn 1 l1Bng thng tin nh)t &Fnh. Cc nh3 &1Bc k hi u b9ng cc &Fa chH ring c;a n. B, nh3 ny ch?a cc ch14ng trnh cn s0a &Ki ho>c cc d7 li u, kAt qu@ t.m thZi trong qu trnh tnh ton, lQp trnh. D>c &i'm c;a lo.i ny l d7 li u sj m)t &i khi h th/ng m)t &i n. RAM &1Bc hnh dung nh1 m,t t; ch?a c nhi$u ngRn ko. MWi ngRn ko &1Bc &nh s/ m,t &Fa chH v ng1Zi ta c th' c)t vo ho>c l)y cc d7 li u ra.
Hnh 2.7: S: #D m$t b$ nh9 ch!:ng trnh * BS nhQ c, '<nh ROM (read-only memory) B, nh3 c/ &Fnh (ROM) ch?a cc thng tin khng c kh@ nRng xa &1Bc v khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc. Cc thng tin ny do cc nh s@n xu)t viAt ra v khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc. Ch14ng trnh trong b, nh3 ROM c nhi m vO sau: Di$u khi'n v ki'm tra cc ch?c nRng ho.t &,ng c;a CPU. D1Bc g]i l h &i$u hnh. DFch ngn ng7 lQp trnh thnh ngn ng7 my.
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M,t ROM c th' so snh v3i m,t quy'n sch. Trong & n ch?a cc thng tin c/ &Fnh, khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc v ta chH &]c cc thng tin & m thi. D>c &i'm c;a lo.i ny l d7 li u vkn t=n t.i khi m)t &i n. * EPROM (eraseable read-only memory) EPROM l m,t b, nh3 c/ &Fnh c th' lQp trnh v xa &1Bc. N,i dung c;a EPROM c th' xa b9ng tia c6c tm v c th' lQp trnh l.i. * EEPROM (electrically eraseable read-only memory) EEPROM l b, nh3 c/ &Fnh c th' lQp trnh v xa b9ng &i n. MWi nh3 trong EEPROM cho php lQp trnh v xa b9ng &i n.
2.4.3 Kh;i trung tm (CPU)

Kh/i CPU l lo.i kh/i c ch?a b, vi x0 l, h &i$u hnh, b, nh3, cc b, thZi gian, b, &Am, cKng truy$n thng ... v c th' cn c m,t vi cKng vo ra s/. Cc cKng vo ra s/ c trn CPU &1Bc g]i l cKng vo/ra onboard.
2.4.4
Kh;i vo
Cc ng vo c;a kh/i ny sj &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc b, chuy'n &Ki tn hi u v biAn &Ki cc tn hi u ny thnh tn hi u ph hBp v3i tn hi u x0 l c;a CPU. D6a vo lo.i tn hi u vo sj c cc kh/i ng vo t14ng ?ng. G=m c hai lo.i kh/i vo c4 b@n sau: Kh,i vo s, (DI: Digital Input): Cc ng vo c;a kh/i ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc b, chuy'n &Ki t.o ra tn hi u nhF phn nh1 nt nh)n, cng tCc, c@m biAn t.o tn hi u nhF phn .v.v... Do tn hi u t.i ng vo c th' c m?c logic t14ng ?ng v3i cc &i n p khc nhau, do & khi s0 dOng cJn ph@i ch &An &i n p cJn thiAt cung c)p cho kh/i vo ph@i ph hBp v3i &i n p t14ng ?ng m b, chuy'n &Ki tn hi u nhF phn t.o ra. V d): Cc nt nh)n, cng tCc &1Bc n/i v3i ngu=n 24VDC th yu cJu ph@i s0 dOng kh/i vo c ngu=n cung c)p cho n l 24VDC. Kh,i vo t7:ng tL (AI: Analog Input): Kh/i ny c nhi m vO biAn &Ki tn hi u t14ng t6 (hay cn g]i l tn hi u analog) thnh tn hi u s/. Cc ng vo c;a kh/i ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc b, chuy'n &Ki t.o ra tn hi u analog nh1 c@m biAn nhi t &, (Thermocouple), c@m biAn l1u l1Bng, ng ra analog c;a biAn tJn .v.v...Khi s0 dOng cc kh/i vo analog cJn ph@i ch &An lo.i tn hi u analog &1Bc t.o ra tU cc b, chuy'n &Ki (c@m biAn) V d): Cc c@m biAn t.o ra tn hi u analog l dng &i n (4..20 mA) th ph@i s0 dOng ng vo analog l lo.i nhQn tn hi u dng &i n (4..20 mA). NAu c@m biAn t.o ra tn hi u analog l &i n p (0..5V) th ph@i s0 dOng ng vo analog nhQn tn hi u l &i n p (0..5V).
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2.4.5
Kh;i ra
Kh/i ny c nhi m vO khuAch &.i cc tn hi u sau x0 l c;a CPU (&1Bc gEi &An vng & m ra) cung c)p cho &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n l cu,n dy, &n bo, van tU .v.v.. Ty thu,c vo &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n nhQn tn hi u d.ng no m sj c cc kh/i ra t14ng ?ng. G=m c hai lo.i kh/i ra tiu bi'u: Kh,i ra s, (DO: Digital Output): Cc ng ra c;a kh/i ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n nhQn tn hi u nhF phn nh1 &n bo, cu,n dy relay .v.v...V &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n nhQn tn hi u nhF phn s0 dOng nhi$u c)p &i n p khc nhau nn khi s0 dOng cc kh/i ra s/ cJn ph@i ch &An &i n p cung c)p cho n c ph hBp v3i &i n p cung c)p cho &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n hay khng. Theo lo.i &i n p s0 dOng, ng ra s/ &1Bc phn thnh hai lo.i: Yi'n p m$t chi/u (DC: Direct Current): G=m c hai lo.i ng ra l Transistor v relay. Thng th1Zng trong cng nghi p &i n p m,t chi$u &1Bc s0 dOng l 24V. Yi'n p xoay chi/u (AC: Alternative Current): G=m c hai lo.i ng ra l relay v TRIAC.
Kh,i ra t7:ng tL (AO: Analog Output): Kh/i ny c nhi m vO biAn &Ki tn hi u s/ &1Bc gEi tU CPU &An &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n thnh tn hi u t14ng t6. Cc ng ra c;a kh/i ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n nhQn tn hi u t14ng t6 nh1 ng vo analog c;a biAn tJn, van tl l , .v.v... Khi s0 dOng cc ng ra t14ng t6 cJn ch &An lo.i tn hi u t14ng t6 cung c)p cho &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n c ph hBp v3i tn hi u t14ng t6 m &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n cJn nhQn hay khng. V d): Ng vo analog c;a biAn tJn nhQn tn hi u l &i n p (0..10V) th nh)t thiAt ph@i s0 dOng ng ra t14ng t6 t.o ra tn hi u analog l &i n p (0..10V).
2.4.6
Cc kh;i /Kc biGt
Ngoi ra cn c m,t s/ kh/i khc &@m nhQn cc ch?c nRng &>c bi t nh1 x0 l truy$n thng, th6c hi n cc ch?c nRng &>c bi t nh1: &i$u khi'n vF tr, &i$u khi'n vng kn, &Am t/c &, cao .v.v... Ty thu,c vo tUng lo.i PLC m cc kh/i trn c th' E cc d.ng module ring ho>c &1Bc tch hBp chung trong kh/i x0 l trung tm (CPU).
2.5 Ph#6ng th"c thDc hiGn ch#6ng trnh trong PLC

Hnh vj minh h]a vi c x0 l ch14ng trnh trong CPU &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 2.8
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BCt &Ju chu k`
Ng vo
PII = Process-image input table (vng & m vo) Ch14ng trnh: - Bit memory - Timer - Counter -....
Network 1 I0.0 Motor on/off Q0.0
Network 2 I0.1
Dao chieu quay Q0.1
PIQ = Process-image output table (vng & m ra)
Ng ra
KAt thc chu k`
Hnh 2.8: Chu kS qut trong PLC PLC th6c hi n ch14ng trnh cheo chu trnh l>p. MWi vng l>p &1Bc g]i l vng qut (scan). MWi vng qut &1Bc bCt &Ju b9ng giai &o.n chuy'n d7 li u tU cc cKng vo s/ t3i vng b, & m @o ng vo (I), tiAp theo l giai &o.n th6c hi n ch14ng trnh. Trong tUng dng qut, ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hi n tU l nh &Ju tin &An l nh kAt thc. Sau giai &o.n th6c hi n ch14ng trnh l giai &o.n chuy'n cc n,i dung c;a b, & m @o ng ra (Q) t3i cc cKng ra s/. Vng qut &1Bc kAt thc b9ng giai &o.n truy$n thng n,i b, v ki'm tra lWi. ThZi gian cJn thiAt &' PLC th6c hi n &1Bc m,t vng qut g]i l thZi gian vng qut (Scan time). ThZi gian vng qut khng c/ &Fnh, t?c l khng ph@i vng qut no cang &1Bc th6c hi n trong m,t kho@ng thZi gian nh1 nhau. C vng qut th6c hi n lu, c vng qut th6c hi n nhanh ty thu,c vo s/ l nh trong ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hi n, vo kh/i l1Bng d7 li u truy$n thng ... trong vng qut &. Nh1 vQy gi7a vi c &]c d7 li u tU &/i t1Bng &' x0 l, tnh ton v vi c g0i tn hi u &i$u khi'n t3i &/i t1Bng c m,t kho@ng thZi gian tr\ &ng b9ng thZi gian vng qut. Ni cch khc, thZi gian vng qut quyAt &Fnh tnh thZi gian th6c c;a ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n trong PLC. ThZi gian qut cng ngCn, tnh thZi gian th6c c;a ch14ng trnh cng cao. T.i thZi &i'm th6c hi n l nh vo/ra, thng th1Zng l nh khng lm vi c tr6c tiAp v3i cKng vo/ra m chH thng qua b, & m @o c;a cKng trong vng
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nh3 tham s/. Vi c truy$n thng gi7a b, & m @o v3i ngo.i vi do h &i$u hnh CPU qu@n l. m m,t s/ module CPU, khi g>p l nh vo/ra ngay lQp t?c, h th/ng sj cho dUng m]i cng vi c khc, ngay c@ ch14ng trnh x0 l ngCt, &' th6c hi n l nh tr6c tiAp v3i cKng vo/ra.
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3 C>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh trong #i/u khi+n logic
C8m bi:n v c6 c4u ch4p hnh trong /i,u khi0n logic.
Ch14ng ny nh9m gip cho b.n &]c tm hi'u s4 l1Bc v$ m,t s/ cc thiAt bF ngo.i vi sj &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc ng vo ra s/ c;a PLC v m,t s/ k hi u v$ cc thiAt bF ngo.i vi.
3.1
3.1.1
C8m bi:n
GiIi thiGu
C@m biAn (sensor) cho php PLC pht hi n tr.ng thi c;a m,t qu trnh. Cc c@m biAn logic chH c th' pht hi n tr.ng thi &ng ho>c sai. Cc hi n t1Bng vQt l tiu bi'u cJn &1Bc pht hi n l: TiAp cQn c@m: cho biAt m,t &/i t1Bng l kim lo.i c &An gJn vF tr cJn nhQn biAt ch1a? TiAp cQn dung: cho biAt m,t &/i t1Bng l khng kim lo.i c &An gJn vF tr cJn nhQn biAt ch1a? S6 xu)t hi n nh sng: Cho biAt m,t &/i t1Bng c lm ngCt chm tia sng hay nh sng ph@n x.? TiAp xc c4 h]c: D/i t1Bng c ch.m vo cng tCc?
Gi thnh c;a c@m biAn ngy cng gi@m th)p v trE nn thng dOng. Chng c nhi$u hnh dng khc nhau &1Bc s@n xu)t bEi nhi$u cng ty khc nhau nh1 Siemens, Omron, Pepperl+Fuch, Trong cc ?ng dOng, cc c@m biAn &1Bc kAt n/i v3i PLC c;a nhi$u hng khc nhau, nh1ng mWi c@m biAn sj c cc yu cJu giao tiAp ring. PhJn ny sj trnh by cch th?c n/i dy cho cc c@m biAn v m,t s/ tnh ch)t c4 b@n c;a n. 3.1.2 N;i dy cho c8m bi:n
Khi m,t c@m biAn pht hi n m,t s6 thay &Ki tr.ng thi logic th n ph@i truy$n tr.ng thi thay &Ki ny &An PLC. Tiu bi'u l vi c &ng ho>c ngCt dng &i n hay &i n p. Trong m,t vi tr1Zng hBp, ng ra c;a c@m biAn s0 dOng &' &ng m.ch tr6c tiAp cho t@i m khng thng qua PLC. Cc ng ra tiu bi'u c;a c@m biAn l: Sinking/Sourcing: Switches: Dng ho>c ngCt dng &i n Dng ho>c ngCt &i n p
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Solid State Relays:
Chuy'n m.ch AC
TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic): S0 dOng &i n p 0V v 5V &' chH thF m?c logic.
3.1.2.1 Switch M,t v dO &4n gi@n nh)t c;a cc ng ra c@m biAn switch v relay &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 3.1.
Hnh 3.1: C>m bi8n c ng ra l relay s[ d)ng nguDn DC v AC . 3.1.2.2 Ng ra TTL Ng ra TTL c hai m?c &i n p: 0V t14ng ?ng l m?c th)p, 5V t14ng ?ng m?c cao. Di n p th6c tA c th' l3n h4n 0V ho>c nhP h4n 5V m,t cht vkn c th' pht hi n &ng. Ph14ng php ny r)t d\ bF nhi\u trong mi tr1Zng nh my cho nn n chH &1Bc s0 dOng khi cJn thiAt. Cc ng ra TTL th1Zng dng trong cc thiAt bF &i n t0 v my tnh. Khi kAt n/i v3i cc thiAt bF khc th m,t m.ch Schmitt trigger th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng &' c@i thi n tn hi u (hnh 3.2).
Hnh 3.2: M@ch Schmitt trigger M.ch Schmitt trigger sj nhQn &i n p ng vo gi7a 0-5V v chuy'n &Ki n thnh 0V ho>c 5V. NAu &i n p n9m trong kho@ng 1.5-3.5V th khng ch)p nhQn. NAu m,t c@m biAn c ng ra TTL th PLC ph@i s0 dOng cc ng vo l TTL &' &]c cc gi trF ny. NAu cc c@m biAn TTL &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc ?ng dOng khc th nn ch dng ng ra c6c &.i c;a c@m biAn (th1Zng kho@ng 20mA). 3.1.2.3 Ng ra Sinking/Sourcing Cc c@m biAn c ng ra Sinking (rt dng) cho php dng &i n ch.y vo c@m biAn. Cn cc c@m biAn c ng ra sourcing (ngu=n dng) cho php dng &i n ch@y tU c@m biAn ra &/i t1Bng &1Bc kAt n/i. m hai ng ra ny cJn ch l dng &i n ch? khng ph@i &i n p. B9ng cch s0 dOng dng &i n th nhi\u &1Bc lo.i trU b3t.
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Khi gi@i thch v$ v)n &$ sinking hay sourcing th ta nn quy cc ng ra c;a c@m biAn tc &,ng nh1 cng tCc. Trong th6c tA, cc ng ra c;a c@m biAn th1Zng l m,t transistor chuy'n m.ch. Transistor PNP &1Bc s0 dOng cho ng ra sourcing, v transistor NPN &1Bc s0 dOng cho ng vo sinking. Khi gi@i thch cc c@m biAn ny th khi ni m ngu=n dng th1Zng &1Bc dng cho PNP, v rt dng v3i NPN. V dO c@m biAn ng ra sinking &1Bc cho E hnh 3.3.
Hnh 3.3: C>m bi8n NPN (c>m bi8n rt dng).
Hnh 3.4: C>m bi8n PNP (c>m bi8n sourcing) D' c@m biAn ho.t &,ng cJn ph@i c ngu=n cung c)p (chn L+ v L-). Khi c@m biAn pht hi n &/i t1Bng th c &i n p t.i c6c B c;a transistor NPN, transistor chuy'n sang tr.ng thi dkn v cho php dng ch@y vo c@m biAn xu/ng mass (chn L-). Khi khng pht hi n &/i t1Bng th &i n p t.i c6c B c;a transistor E m?c th)p (0V), transistor khng dkn. Di$u ny c nghâ ng ra NPN sj khng c dng vo/ra. Cc c@m biAn sourcing th ng1Bc v3i cc c@m biAn sinking. N s0 dOng transistor PNP (hnh 3.4). Khi c@m biAn khng &1Bc kch ho.t th c6c B c;a transistor E gi trF L+, v transistor E tr.ng thi ng1ng dkn. Khi c@m biAn &1Bc kch ho.t th c6c B transistor sj &1Bc &>t E 0V, v transistor cho php dng &i n ch@y tU c@m biAn ra ngoi thiAt bF &1Bc kAt n/i. HJu hAt cc c@m biAn NPN/PNP c kh@ nRng dng &An vi ampere, v chng c th' &1Bc s0 dOng &' n/i tr6c tiAp v3i t@i (lun lun ki'm tra sK tay &' biAt chnh xc dng &i n v &i n p &Fnh m?c). Ch : CJn ph@i nh3 ki'm tra dng &i n v &i n p &Fnh m?c &/i v3i cc c@m biAn. Khi n/i dy cc c@m biAn cJn ch &An cc chn ngu=n. Th1Zng cc
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chn ngu=n c k hi u l L+ v COM(chn chung), nh1ng &i khi khng c chn COM m c chn L-. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny L- l chn chung. Khi kAt n/i cc c@m biAn sourcing v3i cc ng PLC, th cJn ch ph@i s0 dOng cc modul ng vo lo.i sinking. Thng th1Zng cc ng vo PLC th1Zng l lo.i sinking. Trong ?ng dOng v3i PLC, &' gi@m l1Bng dy n/i, th cc c@m biAn hai dy th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng. V dO v$ s4 &= n/i dy cc c@m biAn s0 dOng ngu=n 24VDC v3i PLC &1Bc chH nh1 hnh 3.5. C@m biAn hai dy c th' &1Bc s0 dOng cho c@ hai lo.i ng vo sourcing ho>c ng vo sinking c;a PLC.
a. Ng vo PLC lo@i sourcing
b. Ng vo PLC lo@i sinking
Hnh 3.5: K8t n-i c>m bi8n 2 dy v9i ng vo PLC. HJu hAt cc c@m biAn hi n &.i c c@ hai ng ra PNP v NPN. Thng th1Zng c@m biAn lo.i PNP th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc ng vo PLC. Trong cc b@n vj th cc chn c;a cc c@m biAn NPN v PNP c k hi u v$ mu sCc nh1 sau: dy mu nu l L+, dy mu xanh d14ng l L- v ng ra th mu trCng &/i v3i sinking v mu &en &/i v3i sourcing. CJn l1u l khi tiAp &i'm trong c@m biAn sinking &ng th ng ra &1Bc n/i v3i COM ho>c L-, tiAp &i'm trong sourcing &ng th ng ra n/i v3i L+.
a. Ng vo PLC lo@i sourcing
b. Ng vo PLC lo@i sinking
Hnh 3.6: K8t n-i c>m bi8n NPN v PNP dy v9i ng vo PLC.
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3.1.2.4 Ng ra Solid state relay Cc ng ra Solid state relays &ng m.ch dng &i n AC. Cc c@m biAn ny &1Bc s0 dOng v3i t@i l3n. 3.1.3 Pht hiGn /;i t#Lng C hai cch c4 b@n &' pht hi n &/i t1Bng: tiAp xc v tiAp cQn (proximity). TiAp xc c nghâ l tiAp &i'm c4 kh cJn m,t l6c tc &,ng gi7a c@m biAn v &/i t1Bng. TiAp cQn &' chH bo r9ng m,t &/i t1Bng &ang E gJn nh1ng khng yu cJu tiAp xc. Cc phJn sau &y sj minh h]a cc ki'u khc nhau c;a cc c@m biAn &' pht hi n s6 hi n di n c;a cc &/i t1Bng. PhJn ny khng &i su vo cc c@m biAn m chH m t@ cc nguyn l trong l^nh v6c ?ng dOng. 3.1.3.1 Chuy0n m7ch ti:p xc Chuy'n m.ch tiAp xc (contact switch ) th1Zng c hai d.ng l th1Zng hE (normally open) v th1Zng &ng (normally closed). VP c;a chng &1Bc gia c/ &' c th' chFu &1Bc l6c c4 tc &,ng nhi$u lJn. 3.1.3.2 Reed Switches Reed switches th r)t gi/ng relay, ngo.i trU m,t nam chm v^nh c0u &1Bc s0 dOng thay thA cu,n dy. Khi nam chm E xa th tiAp &i'm mE, nh1ng khi nam chm &An gJn th tiAp &i'm &ng l.i (hnh 3.7). Cc c@m biAn ny ro ti$n v chng th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc mn chCn v c0a an ton.
Hnh 3.7: Read switch 3.1.3.3 C8m bi:n quang (Optical Sensor) C@m biAn nh sng &1Bc s0 dOng gJn m,t thA kl qua. Nguyn th;y l tA bo quang &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc ?ng dOng nh1 &]c cc track m thanh trn cc hnh @nh chuy'n &,ng. Nh1ng cc c@m biAn quang hi n &.i th ph?c t.p h4n nhi$u. Cc c@m biAn quang yu cJu c c@ hai b, phQn l ngu=n sng (pht) v &Ju thu (detector). Cc &Ju pht (emitter) sj pht ra cc tia sng trong vng phK nhn th)y v khng nhn th)y &1Bc s0 dOng LED v diode laser. DJu thu c c)u t.o l cc diode quang (photodidode) ho>c transistor quang (phototransistor). DJu pht v &Ju thu &1Bc &>t vo vF tr &' &/i t1Bng khi
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Chu Ch YGc
xu)t hi n sj cCt ngang ho>c ph@n x. l.i tia sng. C@m biAn quang &4n gi@n cho E hnh 3.8.
Trong hnh, chm sng &1Bc t.o ra n9m E bn tri, &1Bc h,i tO qua m,t th)u knh. D/i di n l &Ju thu, chm tia &1Bc h,i tO b9ng m,t th)u knh th? hai. NAu chm tia bF ngCt, th &Ju thu sj chH bo m,t &/i t1Bng xu)t hi n. nh sng &1Bc t.o ra d13i d.ng xung &' c@m biAn c th' l]c &1Bc nh sng bnh th1Zng trong phng. nh sng tU &Ju pht &1Bc tCt v mE t.i m,t tJn s/ &>t. Khi &Ju thu nhQn nh sng, n ki'm tra &' &@m b@o chCc chCn r9ng n c cng tJn s/. NAu nh sng &ang nhQn &1Bc t.i tJn s/ &ng th chm tia khng bF ngCt. TJn s/ dao &,ng n9m trong ph.m vi KHz. Ngoi ra v3i ph14ng php tJn s/ th cc c@m biAn c th' &1Bc s0 dOng v3i cng su)t th)p h4n v kho@ng cch di h4n. DJu pht c th' bCt &Ju tU m,t &i'm tr6c tiAp t.i &Ju thu, &y cn g]i l chA &, t6 ph@n x.. Khi tia sng bF ngCt, th &/i t1Bng &1Bc pht hi n. C@m biAn ny cJn hai b, phQn ring (hnh 3.9a). S6 xAp &>t ny lm vi c t/t v3i cc &/i t1Bng chCn sng v ph@n x. v3i &Ju pht v &Ju thu &1Bc tch ring v3i kho@ng cch ln &An c@ trRm mt.
D/i t1Bng nhQn biAt

PhJn t0 thu PhJn t0 pht
nh sng ph@n x. nh sng &1Bc truy$n
Sensor
b. Y-i t!Ang nh1n bi8t ngEt nh sng
G14ng ph@n x.
24
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 13.9: Cc lo@i c>m bi8n quang khc nhau DJu thu v &Ju pht tch ring lm tRng v)n &$ v$ b@o tr v yu cJu v$ s6 thpng hng. M,t gi@i php khc l &Ju pht v &Ju thu &1Bc &>t chung trn m,t vP. Nh1ng &i$u ny yu cJu nh sng t6 ph@n x. trE v$ (hnh 3.9b,c). Cc c@m biAn ny chH t/t cho cc &/i t1Bng l3n v3i kho@ng cch m,t vi met. Trong hnh, &Ju pht pht m,t chm tia sng. NAu nh sng bF d,i trE v$ tU g14ng ph@n x. th hJu hAt sj trE v$ &Ju thu. Khi m,t &/i t1Bng ngCt chm tia gi7a &Ju pht v g14ng ph@n x. th chm tia sj khng t6 ph@n x. trE v$ &Ju thu v c@m biAn &1Bc tc &,ng. M,t v)n &$ r;i ro cho cc c@m biAn ny l cc &/i t1Bng t6 ph@n x. l.i chm tia sng t/t. D' gi@i quyAt th s0 dOng bi n php phn c6c nh sng t.i &Ju pht (b9ng b, l]c), v sau & sau & s0 dOng m,t b, l]c phn c6c t.i &Ju thu. 3.1.3.4 C8m bi:n /iGn dung (Capacitive Sensor) Cc c@m biAn &i n dung c th' pht hi n hJu hAt cc vQt li u v3i kho@ng cch vi cm. Cng th?c bi'u di\n m/i quan h &i n dung:
C=
e .A d
v3i
C: Di n dung (Farads)
e : H9ng s/ &i n mi
A: Di n tch b@n c6c D: Kho@ng cch gi7a cc b@n c6c. Trong c@m biAn, di n tch cc b@n c6c v kho@ng cch gi7a chng l c/ &Fnh. Nh1ng h9ng s/ &i n mi c;a khng gian xung quanh chng sj thay &Ki khi cc vQt li u &1Bc mang &An gJn c@m biAn. Minh h]a E hnh 3.10. B$ m>t c;a c@m biAn &i n dung &1Bc hnh thnh bEi hai &i n c6c kim lo.i &=ng tm c;a m,t tO &i n. Khi m,t &/i t1Bng &An gJn b$ m>t nhQn biAt n &i vo vng &i n tr1Zng c;a cc &i n c6c v thay &Ki &i n dung trong m.ch dao &,ng. KAt qu@ l b, t.o dao &,ng bCt &Ju dao &,ng. M.ch trigger &]c bin &, c;a b, dao &,ng v khi &.t &An m?c xc &Fnh th tr.ng thi ng ra sj thay &Ki. Khi &/i t1Bng rZi khPi c@m biAn th bin &, c;a b, dao &,ng gi@m, c@m biAn chuy'n v$ tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng.
25
Chu Ch YGc
Khng c &/i t1Bng
C &/i t1Bng
Khng c &/i t1Bng
Hnh 3.10: C>m bi8n #i'n dung Cc c@m biAn ny lm vi c t/t &/i v3i ch)t cch &i n (nh1 ch)t doo) c h9ng s/ &i n mi cao (lm tRng &i n dung). H9ng s/ &i n mi cng l3n th kho@ng cch ho.t &,ng cng cao. V dO khi hi u chHnh &ng th ch)t lPng trong thng ch?a c th' &1Bc pht hi n &1Bc d\ dng. Tuy nhin, chng cang lm vi c t/t &/i v3i kim lo.i. Cc c@m biAn th1Zng &1Bc chA t.o v3i cc vng (khng ph@i b@n c6c) theo hnh 3.11. Trong hnh, hai vng kim lo.i n9m bn trong l cc &i n c6c c;a tO &i n, nh1ng vng ngoi th? ba &1Bc thm vo &' b s6 thay &Ki. NAu khng c vng b ny th c@m biAn sj r)t nh.y c@m v3i bOi b>m, dJu v cc ch)t khc dnh trn c@m biAn. Di n c6c
Di n c6c b
Hnh 3.11: B/ mTt nh1n bi8t cCa c>m bi8n #i'n dung Ph.m vi v &, chnh xc c;a cc c@m biAn &1Bc xc &Fnh bEi kch th13c c;a chng. Cc c@m biAn l3n c th' c &1Zng knh vi centimeter. Ci nhP c &1Zng knh nhP h4n m,t centimeter v c ph.m vi nhP h4n nh1ng chnh xc h4n. 3.1.3.5 C8m bi:n /iGn c8m (Inductive Sensor) Cc c@m biAn &i n c@m s0 dOng dng &i n c@m ?ng &' pht hi n &/i t1Bng l kim lo.i. C@m biAn &i n c@m s0 dOng m,t cu,n dy &' t.o m,t tU tr1Zng tJn s/ cao &1Bc cho E hnh 3.12. NAu c m,t &/i t1Bng l kim lo.i &An gJn lm thay &Ki tU tr1Zng, th sj c dng ch@y vo &/i t1Bng. Dng ch@y ny t.o ra m,t tU tr1Zng m3i ng1Bc v3i tU tr1Zng ban &Ju. KAt qu@ l n lm thay
26
Chu Ch YGc
&Ki &, t6 c@m c;a cu,n dy trong c@m biAn. B9ng cch &o &, t6 c@m, c@m biAn c th' xc &Fnh m,t &/i t1Bng kim lo.i &An gJn. Cc c@m biAn ny sj pht hi n b)t k` kim lo.i no, khi cJn pht hi n cc lo.i kim lo.i th cc c@m biAn &a kim lo.i th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng.
Hnh 3.12: C>m bi8n ti8p c1n #i'n c>m Khi &/i t1Bng kim lo.i &i vo vng &i n tU tr1Zng, th dng &i n xoy truy$n vo &/i t1Bng. Di$u ny lm tRng t@i trong c@m biAn, lm gi@m bin &, c;a &i n tU tr1Zng. M.ch trigger gim st bin &, dao &,ng khi &.t &An m?c &Fnh tr13c th n chuy'n &Ki tr.ng thi ng ra c;a c@m biAn. Khi &/i t1Bng di chuy'n khPi c@m biAn, th bin &, dao &,ng tRng ln. Khi &An gi trF &Fnh tr13c th m.ch trigger chuy'n &Ki tr.ng thi ng ra trE v$ &i$u ki n bnh th1Zng.
Khng c &/i t1Bng
C &/i t1Bng
Khng c &/i t1Bng
Hnh 3.13: C>m bi8n ti8p c1n #i'n c>m Cc c@m biAn c th' pht hi n cc &/i t1Bng cch xa vi centimeter. Nh1ng h13ng c;a &/i t1Bng c th' l b)t k` nh1 hnh 3.14. TU tr1Zng c;a cc c@m biAn khng b]c bao ph; xung quanh &Ju c;a cu,n dy l3n h4n. B9ng cch lCp thm vP b]c kim lo.i th tU tr1Zng sj nhP h4n, nh1ng h13ng c;a &/i t1Bng nhQn biAt &1Bc c@i thi n h4n.
27
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 3.14: C>m bi8n b3c v khng b3c vB kim lo@i 3.1.3.6 C8m bi:n siu m (Ultrasonic sensor) C@m biAn siu m pht ra m thanh trn ng1Lng nghe bnh th1Zng 16kHz. ThZi gian &1Bc yu cJu &' m thanh di chuy'n &An mOc tiu v ph@n h=i trE v$ tl l v3i kho@ng cch mOc tiu. C hai lo.i c@m biAn l: T^nh &i n (electrostatic): S0 dOng hi u ?ng &i n dung. Ph.m vi l3n v bRng thng r,ng h4n nh1ng &, nh.y cao h4n v3i &/i t1Bng [m 13t. p &i n (piezoelectric): D6a vo phJn t0 p &i n th.ch anh.
Cc c@m biAn ny c th' r)t hi u qu@ cho cc ?ng dOng nh1 &o m?c ch)t lPng trong thng ch?a. 3.1.3.7 HiGu "ng Hall (Hall Effect) Cc cng tCc hi u ?ng Hall c4 b@n l cc transistor c th' chuy'n m.ch bEi tU tr1Zng. Cc ?ng dOng c;a chng th r)t gi/ng v3i reed switch, nh1ng v chng chH l ch)t bn dkn nn chng ph hBp v3i cc chuy'n &,ng. Cc my mc t6 &,ng ha th1Zng s0 dOng chng &' th6c hi n khEi &,ng v pht hi n vF tr dUng. 3.1.3.8 L#u l#Lng (Fluid Flow)
Hnh 3.15: xc #Unh l!u l!Ang dng ch>y v9i c>m bi8n ti8p c1n c>m
28
Chu Ch YGc
Chng ta c th' thay thA cc c@m biAn ph?c t.p b9ng cc c@m biAn &4n gi@n. Hnh 3.15 cho th)y m,t phao kim lo.i trong m,t knh hnh nn. T/c &, dng ch@y tRng p l6c &[y phao ln trn. D.ng hnh nn c;a phao &@m b@o vF tr c;a ch)t lPng tl l v3i t/c &, dng ch@y. M,t c@m biAn tiAp cQn &i n c@m c th' &1Bc &Fnh vF &' n pht hi n khi phao &.t &An &, cao no &, v h th/ng &.t &An t/c &, dng ch@y & &Fnh. 3.1.4 Tm tMt C@m biAn Sourcing cho php dng &i n ch@y tU c6c L+ c;a ngu=n. C@m biAn Sinking cho php dng &i n ch@y tU c6c L- c;a ngu=n.. C@m biAn quang c th' s0 dOng chm tia ph@n x., &Ju pht v &Ju thu v nh sng ph@n x. &' pht hi n &/i t1Bng. C@m biAn &i n dung c th' pht hi n kim lo.i v cc vQt li u khc. C@m biAn &i n c@m pht hi n &1Bc kim lo.i. C@m biAn hi u ?ng Hall v reed switch c th' pht hi n &1Bc nam chm. C@m biAn siu m s0 dOng sng m &' pht hi n cc phJn t0 cch xa nhi$u meter.
3.2
3.2.1
C6 c4u ch4p hnh

GiIi thiGu
C4 c)u ch)p hnh &1Bc s0 dOng &' biAn &Ki nRng l1Bng &i n thnh chuy'n &,ng c4 h]c. 3.2.2 Solenoid Solenoid l c4 c)u ch)p hnh thng dOng nh)t. Nguyn l ho.t &,ng c4 b@n l s6 di chuy'n li sCt (piston) trong cu,n dy (hnh 3.16). Bnh th1Zng piston &1Bc gi7 bn ngoi cu,n dy. Khi cu,n dy &1Bc c)p &i n, cu,n dy sinh ra tU tr1Zng ht piston v ko n vo trung tm c;a cu,n dy. Mng dOng quan tr]ng nh)t c;a solenoid l &i$u khi'n cc van kh nn, th;y l6c v kha c0a xe.
Khng c &i n Hnh 3.16: Solenoid
c &i n
CJn ch l cc cu,n c@m c th' t.o ra &i n p gai nh]n v c th' cJn cc b, gi@m s/c. M>c d vQy hJu hAt trong cc ?ng dOng cng nghi p c &i n p th)p v dng &i n &Fnh m?c, chng c th' &1Bc kAt n/i tr6c tiAp v3i cc ng ra c;a PLC. HJu hAt cc solenoid cng nghi p s0 dOng ngu=n cung c)p 24Vdc v dng &Fnh m?c m,t vi trRm mA.
29
Chu Ch YGc
3.2.3 Van /i,u khi0n (VALVE) Dng ch)t lPng v kh c th' &1Bc &i$u khi'n b9ng cc van &i$u khi'n solenoid. V dO van &i$u khi'n solenoid &1Bc cho E hnh 3.17.
solenoid
Kh ra
Kh vo
solenoid
Kh vo
Kh ra
Hnh 3.17: M$t solenoid #i/u khi+n van 5 c[a 2 vU tr Cc lo.i van &1Bc li t k d13i &y. Theo tiu chu[n, thuQt ng7 n-c0a (n-c0a) &' chH &Fnh s/ l1Bng kAt n/i cc ng vo v ra c;a van. Trong m,t vi tr1Zng hBp c c0a &' x@ kh ra. Vi c thiAt kA th1Zng &ng/th1Zng mE cho biAt &i$u ki n van khi m)t ngu=n c)p. Van 2 c[a, 2 vU tr th!Kng #ng (van 2/2): Cc van ny c 1 c0a vo v m,t c0a ra. Khi m)t ngu=n cung c)p th E vF tr th1Zng &ng. Khi c ngu=n cung c)p, th van mE cho php dng kh hay ch)t lPng ch@y qua. Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng &' cho php dng ch@y. Van 2 c[a, 2 vU tr th!Kng mH (van 2/2): Cc van ny c m,t c0a vo v m,t c0a ra. Khi m)t ngu=n th mE cho php dng ch@y. Khi c ngu=n, van &ng. Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng &' ngCt dng ch@y. Van 3 c[a, 2 vU tr th!Kng #ng (van 3/2): Cc van ny c c0a vo, c0a ra v c0a x@ kh. Khi m)t ngu=n th c0a ra &1Bc n/i v3i c0a x@ kh. Khi c ngu=n th c0a vo &1Bc n/i v3i c0a ra. Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc cylinder tc &,ng &4n. Van 3 c[a, 2 vU tr th!Kng mH (van 3/2): Cc van ny c c0a vo, c0a ra v c0a x@ kh. Khi m)t ngu=n th c0a vo &1Bc n/i v3i c0a ra. Khi c ngu=n th van n/i c0a ra v3i c0a x@ kh. Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc cylinder tc &,ng &4n. Van 3 c[a, 2 vU tr #a n\ng (van 3/2): Cc van ny c 3 c0a. M,t trong cc c0a ho.t &,ng nh1 l c0a vo ho>c c0a ra, v &1Bc n/i &An m,t trong hai c0a khc khi m)t ngu=n ho>c c ngu=n. Cc van ny c th'
30
Chu Ch YGc
&1Bc s0 dOng &' lm chuy'n h13ng dng ch@y, ho>c ch]n ngu=n qua l.i. Van 4 c[a, 2 vU tr (van 4/2): Cc van ny c 4 c0a, 1 vo, 2 ra v 1 c0a x@ kh. Khi c ngu=n van n/i cc c0a vo v3i cc c0a ra v ng1Bc l.i. Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng v3i cc cylinder tc &,ng kp. Van 5 c[a, 2 vU tr (van 5/2): Cc van ny c 5 c0a, 1 vo, 2 ra v 2 c0a x@ kh. Van 4 c[a, 3 vU tr (van 4/3): Cc van ny c 4 c0a, 1 vo, 2 ra v 1 x@. m tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng (khng c ngu=n nRng l1Bng) th cc c0a vo/ra &$u bF ch>n. Van ny &1Bc s0 dOng &' &i$u khi'n vF tr cc cylinder. Van 5 c[a, 3 vU tr (van 5/3): Van ny c 5 c0a, 1 vo, 2 ra v 2 c0a x@. T14ng t6 nh1 van 4/3, van ny &1Bc s0 dOng &' &i$u khi'n vF tr cc cylinder.
K hi u c;a cc van &1Bc cho E hnh 3.18. Khi s0 dOng trong cc b@n vj th vj E tr.ng thi khng &1Bc c)p ngu=n nRng l1Bng. Mai tn chH &1Zng dkn dng ch@y &An cc vF tr khc. Bi'u t1Bng tam gic nhP &' chH c0a x@ kh. K hiGu i,u khi0n bEng kh nn i,u khi0n bEng solenoid
Lo7i van
Th1Zng &ng Van 2 c0a, 2 vF tr
Th1Zng &ng
Th1Zng mE
Th1Zng mE
Van 3 c0a, 2 vF tr
Th1Zng &ng
Th1Zng &ng
Th1Zng mE
Th1Zng mE
31
Chu Ch YGc
Van 4 c0a, 2 vF tr
Ho>c
Van 5 c0a, 2 vF tr
Ho>c
Van 4 c0a, 3 vF tr
Van 5 c0a, 3 vF tr Hnh 3.18 K hi'u cc van #i/u khi+n bPng kh v solenoid
Khi ch]n l6a van, cJn ch m,t s/ chi tiAt sau: - Kch th13c /ng: C0a vo v ra theo tiu chu[n NPT (national pipe thread). T/c &, dng ch@y: T/c &, dng ch@y c6c &.i th1Zng &1Bc cung c)p cho cc van th;y l6c. p su)t ho.t &,ng: p su)t ho.t &,ng c6c &.i ph@i &1Bc chH bo. M,t vi van c yu cJu p su)t t/i thi'u &' ho.t &,ng. Ngu=n &i n: Cc cu,n dy solenoid yu cJu &1Bc cung c)p m,t &i n p v dng &i n c/ &Fnh (AC ho>c DC). ThZi gian &p ?ng: Dy l thZi gian &' van &ng/mE hon ton. ThZi gian tiu bi'u cho cc van n9m trong ph.m vi tU 5ms &An 150ms. VP b]c: VP b]c cho cc van &1Bc xAp theo lo.i: Lo.i 1 ho>c 2: S0 dOng trong nh, yu cJu b@o v ch/ng n13c. Lo.i 3: S0 dOng ngoi trZi, ch/ng bOi b>m v m1a gi. Lo.i 3R ho>c 3S ho>c 4: Ch/ng n13c v bOi. Lo.i 4X: Ch/ng n13c, bOi v s6 Rn mn. 3.2.4 Xy lanh (CYLINDER)
32
Chu Ch YGc
Cylinder s0 dOng p l6c kh ho>c ch)t lPng &' t.o l6c/chuy'n &,ng tuyAn tnh (hnh 3.19). Trong hnh, dng ch)t lPng &1Bc b4m vo m,t pha c;a cylinder lm dFch chuy'n piston v$ pha cn l.i. Ch)t lPng E pha ny &1Bc thot t6 do. L6c tc dOng ln cylinder tl l v3i di n tch b$ m>t c;a piston. Cng th?c tnh l6c: F= P.A
P=
F A
V3i
P: p su)t th;y l6c F: L6c &[y piston A: Di n tch piston
Hnh 3.19
MTt cEt cCa m$t cylinder thCy l c
Cylinder tc &,ng &4n yu cJu cung c)p l6c khi duWi ra v s0 dOng l xo &' co v$. Cn cylinder tc &,ng kp th cung c)p l6c E c@ hai pha.
Hnh 3.20
cylinder tc #$ng #:n v cylinder tc #$ng kp
Cc cylinder tU th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng trong &i$u khi'n kh nn. Trn &Ju c;a piston c m,t m@nh nam chm. Khi n di chuy'n &An vF tr gi3i h.n th cc cng tCc reed switch sj pht hi n ra. 3.2.5 1ng c6
D,ng c4 l c4 c)u ch)p hnh thng th1Zng, nh1ng &/i v3i ?ng dOng cho &i$u khi'n nhF phn th &>c &i'm c;a n khng quan tr]ng. Di$u khi'n logic tiu bi'u c;a cc &,ng c4 l &ng cCt &i n cho n. Cc &,ng c4 c dng
33
Chu Ch YGc
&i n nhP c th' &)u tr6c tiAp vo cc ng ra c;a PLC, cn &/i v3i cc &,ng c4 cng su)t l3n th s0 dOng relay hay contactor ho>c b, khEi &,ng &,ng c4. Cc &,ng c4 sj &1Bc kh@o st chi tiAt h4n E ch!:ng cc c>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh analog (t1p 2). 3.2.6 Cc c6 c4u ch4p hnh khc Ngoi cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh k' trn cn c nhi$u lo.i c4 c)u ch)p hnh khc nhau trong &i$u khi'n logic. M,t s/ c4 c)u ch)p hnh th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng relay v contactor. Ngoi ra c m,t s/ c4 c)u ch)p hnh khc: L nhi't: Th1Zng &1Bc &i$u khi'n b9ng relay, &ng v cCt &i n &' gi7 nhi t &, n9m trong m,t ph.m vi no &. Yn bo: Dn bo &1Bc s0 dOng cho hJu hAt cc my mc &' chH bo tr.ng thi my v cung c)p thng tin cho ng1Zi vQn hnh. HJu hAt cc &n bo c dng &i n th)p v &1Bc kAt n/i tr6c tiAp &An PLC. Ci/chung bo: Ci hay chung bo c th' &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc my mc khng &1Bc gim st ho>c &ang bF nguy hi'm. Chng th1Zng &1Bc n/i tr6c tiAp v3i cc ng ra c;a PLC.
34
Chu Ch YGc
4 B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200
B1 /i,u khi0n l2p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200
4.1
4.1.1
C4u hnh c"ng

Kh;i xH l trung tm
PLC S7-200 l thiAt bF &i$u khi'n lQp trnh lo.i nhP (micro PLC) c;a hng Siemens (CHLB D?c) c c)u trc theo ki'u modul v c cc modul mE r,ng. Thnh phJn c4 b@n c;a S7 - 200 l kh/i x0 l trung tm (CPU: Central Processing Unit) bao g=m hai ch;ng lo.i: CPU 21x v CPU 22x. MWi ch;ng lo.i c nhi$u CPU. Lo.i CPU 21x ngy nay khng cn s@n xu)t n7a, tuy nhin hi n vkn cn s0 dOng r)t nhi$u trong cc tr1Zng h]c v trong s@n xu)t. Tiu bi'u cho lo.i ny l CPU 214. CPU 214 c cc &>c tnh nh1 sau: B, nh3 ch14ng trnh (ch?a trong EEPROM): 4096 Byte (4 kByte) B, nh3 d7 li u (Vng nh3 V): 4096 Byte (trong & 512 Byte ch?a trong EEPROM) S/ l1Bng ng vo:14 , v S/ l1Bng ng ra: 10 ng ra digital tch hBp trong CPU S/ module mE r,ng: 7 g=m c@ module analog S/ l1Bng vo/ra s/ c6c &.i: 64 S/ l1Bng Timer :128 Timer chia lm 3 lo.i theo &, phn gi@i khc nhau: 4 Timer 1ms, 16 Timer 10 ms v 108 Timer c &, phn gi@i 100ms. S/ l1Bng Counter: 128 b, &Am chia lm hai lo.i: 96 Counter Up v 32 Counter Up/Down. Bit memory (Vng nh3 M): 256 bit Special memory (SM) : 688 bit dng &' thng bo tr.ng thi v &>t chA &, lm vi c. C php tnh s/ h]c
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Chu Ch YGc
B, &Am t/c &, cao (High-speed counters): 2 counter 2 KHz v 1 counter 7 KHz Ng vo analog tch hBp sSn (biAn trE): 2. Cc chA &, ngCt v x0 l ngCt g=m: ngCt truy$n thng, ngCt theo s1Zn ln ho>c xu/ng, ngCt thZi gian, ngCt c;a b, &Am t/c &, cao v ngCt truy$n xung.
Ton b, vng nh3 khng bF m)t d7 li u trong kho@ng thZi gian 190 giZ khi PLC bF m)t ngu=n nui. S4 &= b$ m>t c;a b, &i$u khi'n logic kh@ trnh S7-200 CPU 214 &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 4.1.
Ng ra Card nh3 Ki'u ho.t &,ng
BiAn trE
SIEMENS
SF RUN STOP I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 I1.0 I1.1 I1.2 I1.3 I1.4 I1.5 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 Q1.0 Q1.1
CPU 214
SIMATIC S7-200
CKng PPI N/i &An thiAt bF lQp trnh Ng vo Bo tr.ng thi CPU
Bo tr.ng thi ng vo/ra
Hnh 4.1: B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh S7-200 CPU 214 * M tB cc 'n bo trn CPU 214: SF (Yn #B): Dn &P SF bo hi u h th/ng bF lWi. Dn SF sng ln khi PLC c lWi. ch14ng trnh &1Bc n.p vo trong b, nh3 ch14ng trnh c;a PLC. STOP (Yn vng): Dn vng STOP chH &Fnh PLC &ang E chA &, dUng. DUng ch14ng trnh &ang th6c hi n l.i. I x.x (Yn xanh): Dn xanh E cKng vo chH &Fnh tr.ng thi t?c thZi c;a cKng ( x.x = 0.0 - 1.5). Dn ny bo hi u tr.ng thi c;a tn hi u theo gi trF logic c;a cKng.
- RUN ( Dn xanh): cho biAt PLC &ang E chA &, lm vi c v th6c hi n
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Qy.y (Yn xanh): Dn xanh E cKng ra chH &Fnh tr.ng thi t?c thZi c;a cKng ( y.y = 0.0 - 1.1). Dn ny bo hi u tr.ng thi c;a tn hi u theo gi trF logic c;a cKng.
Hi n nay, CPU 22x v3i nhi$u tnh nRng v1Bt tr,i & thay thA lo.i CPU 21x v hi n &ang &1Bc s0 dOng r)t nhi$u. Tiu bi'u cho lo.i ny l CPU 224. Thng tin v$ CPU 22x &1Bc cho nh1 b@ng 4.1 v hnh dng CPU 224 E hnh 4.2.
3Uc 'i*m I/O trn CPU Digital Analog S/ module mE r,ng max. B, nh3 ch14ng trnh B, nh3 d7 li u CPU 221 6DI/4DO 0 CPU 222 8DI/6DO 2 CPU 224 14DI/10DO 7 CPU 224XP 14DI/10DO 2AI/1AO 7 CPU 226 24DI/16DO 7
4KB
4KB
8KB
12KB
16KB
2KB
2KB
8KB
10KB
10KB
ThZi gian x0 l Memory bits/counters/timers High-speed counters Real-time clock
0,37 s
0,37 s
0,37 s
0,37 s
0,37 s
256/256/256
256/256/256
256/256/256
256/256/256 4 x 30 kHz 2x 200 kHz Tch hBp
256/256/256
4 x 30 kHz
4 x 30 kHz
6 x 30 kHz
6 x 30 kHz
card
card
Tch hBp
Tch hBp
Ng ra xung
2 x 20 kHz
2 x 20 kHz
2 x 20 kHz
2 x 100 kHz
2 x 20 kHz
CKng giao tiAp BiAn trE analog trn CPU
1x RS-485
1x RS-485
1x RS-485
2x RS-485
2x RS-485
B>ng 4.1: B>ng dQ li'u v/ CPU h3 22x * ChTn chM 'S lm viKc cho PLC Cng tCc ch]n chA &, lm vi c n9m E pha trn, c ba vF tr cho php ch]n cc chA &, lm vi c khc nhau c;a PLC: RUN: Cho php PLC th6c hi n ch14ng trnh trong b, nh3. PLC S7-200 sj rZi khPi chA &, RUN v chuy'n sang chA &, STOP nAu trong my c s6 c/, ho>c trong ch14ng trnh g>p l nh STOP.
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Chu Ch YGc
STOP: C1Lng b?c PLC dUng ch14ng trnh &ang ch.y v chuy'n sang chA &, STOP. m chA &, STOP, PLC cho php hi u chHnh, n.p, xa m,t ch14ng trnh. TERM: Cho php ng1Zi dng tU my tnh quyAt &Fnh ch]n m,t trong hai chA &, lm vi c cho PLC ho>c RUN ho>c STOP.
LED bo tr.ng thi I/O
LED bo tr.ng thi CPU Khe cCm - Memory Module - Battery Module, - Clock Module (221, 222) CKng truy$n thng DJu n/i c th' tho rZi (trn 224, 226) Ch/t kha module trn gi &L BiAn trE chHnh gi trF analog
LW bCt ch>t vo vch
Hnh 4.2: B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh CPU 224 * CVng truy(n thng S7-200 s0 dOng cKng truy$n thng n/i tiAp RS485 v3i phch n/i 9 chn &' phOc vO cho vi c ghp n/i v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh ho>c v3i cc tr.m PLC khc. T/c &, truy$n cho my lQp trnh ki'u PPI l 9600 baud. T/c &, truy$n cung c)p c;a PLC theo ki'u t6 do l tU 300 baud &An 38400 baud. D' ghp n/i S7-200 v3i my lQp trnh PG720 (hng Siemens) ho>c v3i cc lo.i my lQp trnh thu,c h] PG7xx c th' s0 dOng m,t cp n/i thpng qua MPI. Cp & &i km theo my lQp trnh. Ghp n/i S7-200 v3i my tnh PC qua cKng RS-232 cJn c cp n/i PC/PPI v3i b, chuy'n &Ki RS232/RS485, v qua cKng USB ta c cp USB/PPI. * Card nhQ, pin, clock (CPU 221, CPU222) S7-200 cung c)p nhi$u bi n php &@m b@o cho ch14ng trnh ng1Zi dng, d7 li u ch14ng trnh v c)u hnh d7 li u &1Bc duy tr sau:
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M,t tO &i n v3i &i n dung l3n cho php nui b, nh3 RAM sau khi bF m)t ngu=n &i n cung c)p. Ty theo lo.i CPU m thZi gian l1u tr7 c th' ko di nhi$u ngy. Chpng h.n E CPU 224 l kho@ng 100 giZ Vng nh3 EEPROM cho php l1u ch14ng trnh, cc vng nh3 &1Bc ng1Zi dng ch]n ch?a vo EEPROM v c)u hnh d7 li u. Cho php gCn thm Pin &' nui RAM v cho php ko di thm thZi gian l1u tr7 d7 li u, c th' ln &An 200 ngy k' tU khi m)t ngu=n &i n. Ngu=n c;a Pin sj &1Bc l)y sau khi tO &i n & x@ hAt. - Card nh9: D1Bc s0 dOng &' l1u tr7 ch14ng trnh. Ch14ng trnh ch?a trong card nh3 bao g=m: program block, data memory block, system block, cng th?c module (recipes), d7 li u &o (data logs), v cc Clock/ gi trF c1Lng b?c (force values). Battery - Card pin: Dng &' mE r,ng thZi gian Battery module l1u tr7 cc d7 li u c trong b, nh3. module Ngu=n pin &1Bc t6 &,ng chuy'n sang khi tO trong PLC c.n. Pin c th' s0 Hnh 4.3: Hnh dng cc module dOng &An 200 ngy. Card Clock / Battery module: &=ng h= thZi gian th6c (Real-time clock) cho CPU 221, 222 v ngu=n pin &' nui &=ng h= v l1u d7 li u. ThZi gian s0 dOng &An 200 ngy.
* BiMn tr9 ch>nh gi tr< analog: Hai biAn trE ny &1Bc s0 dOng nh1 hai ng vo analog cho php &i$u chHnh cc biAn cJn ph@i thay &Ki v s0 dOng trong ch14ng trnh.
4.1.2
Kh;i mN r1ng
Trn cc CPU & tch hBp sSn m,t s/ cc ng vo v ng ra s/, chpng h.n nh1 CPU 224 DC/DC/DC c sSn 16 ng vo v 14 ng ra. Tuy nhin trong th6c tA , xu)t pht tU yu cJu &i$u khi'n nh1: cJn nhi$u h4n s/ ng vo/ra c sSn, c s0 dOng tn hi u analog hay c cc yu cJu v$ truy$n thng, n/i m.ng cc PLCm ta ph@i gCn thm vo CPU cc kh/i mE r,ng (Expansion module) c cc ch?c nRng khc nhau (b@ng 4.2). 4.1.2.1 Digital module Cc module s/ gCn thm vo kh/i CPU &' mE r,ng s/ l1Bng cc ng vo/ra s/. Kh-i ng vo s- DI (Digital Input): Siemens s@n xu)t cc kh/i ng vo s/ nh1: DI8 x 24VDC, DI8 x AC120/230V, DI16 x 24VDC. Kh-i ng ra s- (Digital Output): Cc ng ra ny &1Bc chia ra lm 3 lo.i l ng ra DC, ng ra AC v ng ra relay. Di n p ng ra c th' l 24Vdc ho>c 230Vac ty lo.i, v3i s/ l1Bng ng ra c th' l 4 ho>c 8.
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Chu Ch YGc
Ngoi ra cn c s6 kAt hBp cc ng vo v ra s/ trn cng m,t module. 4.1.2.2 Analog module Ngo.i trU CPU 224XP c tch hBp sSn 2 ng vo v 1 ng ra analog (2AI/1AO) &' kAt n/i v3i ngo.i vi nhQn v pht tn hi u analog, th hJu hAt cc CPU khc c;a h] S7-200 &$u khng c tch hBp sSn. V vQy khi &i$u khi'n v3i tn hi u analog th yu cJu ng1Zi s0 dOng ph@i gCn thm cc kh/i analog. Kh-i ng vo t!:ng t AI (Analog Input): Tn hi u analog ng vo c th' l tn hi u &i n p ho>c dng &i n. Ty thu,c vo tn hi u analog cJn &]c l lo.i no m ng1Zi s0 dOng c th' ci &>t cho ph hBp b9ng cc cng tCc &1Bc gCn trn module (Chi ti8t xem ch!:ng x[ l tn hi'u analog). Hi n c cc kh/i ng vo: 4AI, 8AI. D/i v3i tn hi u analog &1Bc t.o ra bEi thermocoupe (c>p nhi t) v RTD th s0 dOng cc module &o nhi t t14ng ?ng (b@ng 4.2). Kh-i ng ra t!:ng t AO (Analog Output): Tn hi u t14ng t6 ny c th' l &i n p ho>c dng &i n ty theo ng1Zi dng ci &>t. Tn hi u ra l &i n p n9m trong kho@ng 10Vdc t14ng ?ng v3i gi trF s/ tU -32000 t3i + 32000 v tn hi u dng &i n n9m trong khPang tU 0 - 20mA t14ng ?ng v3i gi trF s/ tU 0 t3i +32000.
Ngoi cc kh/i trn cn c cc kh/i c s6 kAt hBp c@ 2 lo.i tn hi u vo v ra analog trn cng m,t kh/i. Cc kh;i mN r1ng
Digital module Input Output 8 x DC In 4 x DC Out 8 x DC Out 4 x DC In/ 4 x DC Out 4 x DC In/ 4 x Relay Analog module Input Output TK hBp 4 x Analog Out Intelligent module Position Modem Ethernet Ethenet IT Cc module khc AS-Interface SIWAREX MS 4 x Analog In 8 x Analog In 4xThermocouple In 2 x RTD In 2 x RTD In 2 x Analog Out 4 x Analog Out 4 x Analog In 8 x AC In 4 x Relay 8 x AC Out 8 x DC In/ 8 x DC Out 8 x DC In/ 8 x Relay
Lo7i
16 x DC In 8 x Relay 16 x DC In/ 16x DC Out 16 x DC In/ 16x DC Out 32 x DC In/ 32x DC Out 32 x DC In/ 32x Relay
TK hBp
PROFIBUS-DP
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B>ng 4.2: Cc lo@i kh-i mH r$ng 4.1.2.3 Intelligent module Cc PLC S7-200 c th' n/i vo cc lo.i m.ng khc nhau &' tRng c1Zng kh@ nRng mE r,ng, truy$n thng v3i cc thiAt bF khc trong h th/ng t6 &,ng ha. Master trong m@ng AS-Interface: Giao tiAp AS-i (Actuator Sensor Interface) hay giao tiAp actuator/sensor l h th/ng kAt n/i cho c)p qu trnh th)p nh)t trong h th/ng t6 &,ng ha nh9m t/i 1u ha vi c kAt n/i c@m biAn v c4 c)u ch)p hnh v3i thiAt bF t6 &,ng ha. V3i module CP243-2 cho php kAt n/i m.ng AS-Interface vo PLC S7-200 v &ng vai tr l master. K8t n-i vo m@ng PROFIBUS-DP: Cc PLC S7-200 c th' kAt n/i vo m.ng Profibus ho.t &,ng nh1 m,t DP Slave nhZ vo kh/i mE r,ng EM277. Vi c s0 dOng EM277 cho php PLC S7-200 c th' kAt n/i truy$n thng v3i cc thiAt bF trong m.ng Profibus nh1: PLC S7-300, S7-400, mn hnh &i$u khi'n K8t n-i vo m@ng Ethernet: D' c th' kAt n/i S7-200 vo m.ng Industrial Ethernet th cJn c kh/i CP 243-1. Dy l kh/i truy$n thng cho php cc PLC S7-200 c th' &1Bc c)u hnh, lQp trnh, ch[n &on tU xa qua Ethernet nhZ phJn m$m STEP 7 Micro/win. Gip cho cc CPU S7-200 c th' giao tiAp v3i cc S7-200 khc, S7-300 hay S7-400 qua Ethernet. Cc CPU c th' s0 dOng l h] CPU 22X. C th' th6c hi n c)u hnh cho cc CPU vo m.ng Ethernet nhZ vo Wizard (Menu Tools ] Ethernet wizard). Internet Technology: Kh/i mE r,ng CP 243-1 IT cho php cc CPU S7200 c th' th6c hi n cc gim st hay thay &Ki qua trnh duy t Web tU m,t PC c n/i m.ng. Cc thng bo ch[n &on c th' g0i qua email tU m,t h th/ng. S0 dOng cc ch?c nRng IT cho php trao &Ki cc tQp tin d7 li u v3i cc my tnh hay cc h th/ng &i$u khi'n khc. MWi m,t kh/i CP 243-1IT chH nn kAt n/i cho 2 CPU S7-200. Modem module: Cho php kAt n/i tr6c tiAp S7-200 vo &1Zng dy &i n tho.i, v cung c)p truy$n thng gi7a S7-200 v Step 7- micro/Win. V3i cng cO Modem Expansion wizard cho php thiAt lQp m,t modem E xa ho>c kAt n/i S7-200 v3i m,t thiAt bF E xa qua modem. Kh@ nRng truy$n thng c;a S7-200 &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 4.4. 4.1.2.4 Function module L cc kh/i ch?c nRng th6c hi n cc ch?c nRng &>c bi t nh1 &i$u khi'n vF tr (position module), cn (SIWREX MS).
-
Position module: Module vF tr &1Bc s0 dOng &' &i$u khi'n t/c &, v vF tr c;a &,ng c4 b13c (stepper motor) ho>c &,ng c4 servo (servo motor). V3i cng cO Position Control wizard trong phJn m$m STEP 7--Micro/WIN
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Chu Ch YGc
&' thiAt lQp c)u hnh cho module &i$u khi'n vF tr. Module &i$u khi'n vF tr th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng l EM253. SIWAREX MS: L module cn &a nRng v linh ho.t, n &1Bc s0 dOng v3i cc h th/ng cn ho>c &o l6c s0 dOng PLC S7-200.
S7-22x EM 277 CP 243-1 CP 243-1 IT CP 243-2 EM 241
PROFIBUS Network Ethernet Network
- E-Mail - HTML - FTP
- Teleservice - SMS/paging - PPI/modbus RTU
Phone Network
AS-Interface Field Bus ASCII Protocol PPI/MPI Network
Hnh 4.4: Kh> n\ng truy/n thng cCa PLC S7-200
4.2 Mn hnh /i,u khi0n

Trong cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n c gim st th &/i v3i cc PLC S7-200 chng ta c th' gCn thm cc mn hnh &' &i$u khi'n v gim st. Hi n c cc lo.i l: mn hnh hi'n thF dng vRn b@n (Text Display), mn hnh &i$u khi'n b9ng bn phm (Operator panel) v mn hnh c@m ?ng (Touch Panel). * B>ng #i/u khi+n hi+n thU dng v\n b>n (Text Display): Cc mn hnh ny c gi thnh th)p, cho php ng1Zi vQn hnh my c th' xem, gim st b9ng cc dng vRn b@n v thay &Ki cc thng s/ hay chA &, ho.t &,ng c;a h th/ng &i$u khi'n b9ng cc phm trn b@ng &i$u khi'n. G=m c cc lo.i l TD100C, TD200C, TD 200, TD400C (hnh 4.5).
Hnh 4.5: B>ng #i/u khi+n hi+n thU dng v\n b>n
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Cc b@ng &i$u khi'n ny c th' &1Bc thiAt lQp cc thng bo v nt nh)n &i$u khi'n d\ dng b9ng cng cO Text Display wizard (menu l'nh Tools > Text
Display Wizard) trong STEP 7--Micro/WIN.
* Operator Panel v Touch Panel: Cc mn hnh &1Bc ?ng dOng &i$u khi'n v gim st cc my mc, thiAt bF nhP. ThZi gian thiAt lQp c)u hnh v vQn hnh nhanh v3i phJn m$m WinCC flexible. G=m c cc lo.i: OP 73micro, TP 177micro (mn hnh ny thay thA cc mn hnh tr13c TP 070/TP 170micro) (hnh 4.6).
Hnh 4.6: Mn hnh OP 73micro v TP 177mico.
4.3 Cc vng nhI

B, nh3 c;a cc PLC S7-200 &1Bc chia ra lm cc vng nh3 nh1 b@ng 4.3. * Vng nh9 #'m ng vo s- I: CPU sj &]c tr.ng thi tn hi u c;a t)t c@ cc ng vo s/ E &Ju mWi chu k` qut, sau & sj ch?a cc gi trF ny vo vng nh3 & m ng vo. C th' truy cQp vng nh3 ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword. * Vng nh9 #'m ng ra s- Q: Trong qu trnh x0 l ch14ng trnh CPU sj l1u cc gi trF x0 l thu,c vng nh3 ng ra vo &y. T.i cu/i mWi vng qut CPU sj sao chp n,i dung vng nh3 & m ny v chuy'n ra cc ng ra vQt l. C th' truy cQp vng nh3 ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword. * Vng nh9 bi8n V: S0 dOng vng nh3 V &' l1u tr7 cc kAt qu@ php ton trung gian c &1Bc do cc x0 l logic c;a ch14ng trnh. Cang c th' s0 dOng vng nh3 &' l1u tr7 cc d7 li u khc lin quan &An ch14ng trnh hay nhi m vO &i$u khi'n. C th' truy cQp vng nh3 ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword. * Vng nh9 M: C th' coi vng nh3 M nh1 l cc relay &i$u khi'n trong ch14ng trnh &' l1u tr7 tr.ng thi trung gian c;a m,t php ton hay cc thng tin &i$u khi'n khc. C th' truy cQp vng nh3 ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword. * Vng nh9 b$ #Unh thKi T:
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Chu Ch YGc
S7-200 cung c)p vng nh3 ring cho cc b, &Fnh thZi, cc b, &Fnh thZi &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n cJn tr hon thZi gian. Gi trF thZi gian sj &1Bc &Am tRng dJn theo 3 &, phn gi@i l 1ms, 10ms v 100ms.
M t8 CPU 221 CPU 222
4 KB 2 KB I0.0 I15.7 Q0.0 ...Q15.7 AIW0 ..AIW30
CPU 224
8 KB 8 KB I0.0 I15.7 Q0.0 ...Q15.7 AIW0 ..AIW62
CPU 224XP
12 KB 10 KB I0.0 I15.7 Q0.0 ...Q15.7 AIW0 ..AIW62
CPU226
16 KB 10 KB I0.0 I15.7 Q0.0 ...Q15.7 AIW0 ..AIW62
Kch th13c ch14ng 4 KB trnh ng1Zi dng Kch th13c d7 li u Vng & m vo s/ Vng & m ra s/ Ng vo analog Ng ra analog Vng nh3 biAn (V) Vng nh3 cOc b, (L) Vng nh3 bit (M) Vng nh3 &>c bi t ChH &]c (SM) Timer Retentive on-delay 1ms 10ms . 100ms . On/Off delay 1ms 10ms . 100ms . Counter B, &Am t/c &, cao Bit &i$u khi'n trnh t6 (S) Thanh ghi Accu Jumps/Labels Call/Subroutine Interrupt routines nh3 s1Zn xung (positive/negative) PID loops Port 2 KB I0.0 I15.7 Q0.0 ...Q15.7 AIW0 ..AIW30
AQW0AQW30 AQW0AQW30 AQW0AQW62 AQW0AQW62 AQW0AQW62 VB0VB2047 LB0LB63 M0.0M31.7 VB0VB2047 LB0LB63 M0.0M31.7 VB0VB8191 LB0LB63 M0.0M31.7 VB0VB10239 LB0LB63 M0.0M31.7 VB0VB10239 LB0LB63 M0.0M31.7
SM0.0SM179.7 SM0.0SM299.7 SM0.0SM549.7 SM0.0SM549.7 SM0.0SM549.7 SM0.0SM29.7 SM0.0SM29.7 SM0.0SM29.7 SM0.0SM29.7 SM0.0SM29.7 256 (T0T255) T0, T64 T1T4, v T65T68 T5T31, v T69T95 T32, T96 T33 T36, v T97 T100 T37 T63, v T101 T255 C0 C255 HC0 HC5 S0.0 S31.7 AC0 AC3 0 255 0 63 0 127 256 0 7 Port 0 256 (T0T255) T0, T64 T1T4, v T65T68 T5T31, v T69T95 T32, T96 T33 T36, v T97 T100 T37 T63, v T101 T255 C0 C255 HC0 HC5 S0.0 S31.7 AC0 AC3 0 255 0 63 0 127 256 0 7 Port 0 256 (T0T255) T0, T64 T1T4, v T65T68 T5T31, v T69T95 T32, T96 T33 T36, v T97 T100 T37 T63, v T101 T255 C0 C255 HC0 HC5 S0.0 S31.7 AC0 AC3 0 255 0 63 0 127 256 0 7 Port 0 256 (T0T255) T0, T64 T1T4, v T65T68 T5T31, v T69T95 T32, T96 T33 T36, v T97 T100 T37 T63, v T101 T255 C0 C255 HC0 HC5 S0.0 S31.7 AC0 AC3 0 255 0 63 0 127 256 0 7 Port 0, Port 1 256 (T0T255) T0, T64 T1T4, v T65T68 T5T31, v T69T95 T32, T96 T33 T36, v T97 T100 T37 T63, v T101 T255 C0 C255 HC0 HC5 S0.0 S31.7 AC0 AC3 0 255 0 127 0 127 256 0 7 Port 0, Port 1
B>ng 4.3: Cc vng nh9 v #Tc #i+m cCa CPU S7-200. * Vng nh9 b$ #8m C: C 3 lo.i b, &Am l b, &Am ln, b, &Am xu/ng v b, &An ln-xu/ng. Cc b, &An sj tRng ho>c gi@m gi trF hi n hnh khi tn hi u t.i ng vo thay &Ki tr.ng thi tU m?c th)p ln m?c cao.
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* Vng nh9 b$ #8m t-c #$ cao HC (High speed Counter): Cc b, &Am t/c &, cao &1Bc s0 dOng &' &Am cc s6 ki n t/c &, cao &,c lQp v3i vng qut c;a CPU. Gi trF &Am l s/ nguyn 32 bit c d)u. D' truy xu)t gi trF &Am c;a cc b, &Am t/c &, cao cJn xc &Fnh &Fa chH c;a b, &Am t/c &, cao, s; dOng vng nh3 HC v s/ c;a b, &Am, v dO HC0. Gi trF &Am hi n hnh c;a cc b, &Am t/c &, cao l cc gi trF chH &]c v truy xu)t theo double word. * Cc thanh ghi AC (Accumulators): Cc thanh ghi AC l cc phJn t0 &]c/ghi m c th' &1Bc dng &' truy xu)t gi/ng nh1 b, nh3. Chpng h.n, c th' s0 dOng cc thanh ghi &' truy xu)t cc thng s/ tU cc ch14ng trnh con (Subroutine) v l1u tr7 cc gi trF trung gian &' s0 dOng cho tnh ton. Cc CPU S7-200 c 4 thanh ghi l AC0, AC1, AC2 v AC3. Chng ta c th' truy xu)t d7 li u trong cc thanh ghi ny theo Byte, Word, v Doubleword. * Vng nh9 #Tc bi't SM (Special Memory): Cc bit SM l cc phJn t0 cho php truy$n thng tin gi7a CPU v ch14ng trnh ng1Zi dng. C th' s0 dOng cc bit ny &' ch]n l6a v &i$u khi'n m,t s/ ch?c nRng &>c bi t c;a CPU, chpng h.n nh1 bit ln m?c 1 trong vng qut &Ju tin, cc bit pht ra cc xung c tJn s/ 1HzChng ta truy xu)t vng nh3 SM theo bit, byte, word, doubleword. * Vng nh9 c)c b$ L (Local Memory Area): Vng nh3 ny c &, l3n 64 Byte, trong & 60 byte c th' &1Bc dng nh1 vng nh3 cOc b, hay chuy'n cc thng s/ t3i cc ch14ng trnh con, 4 byte cu/i dng cho h th/ng. Vng nh3 ny t14ng t6 nh1 vng nh3 biAn V chH khc E chW cc biAn vng nh3 V cho php s0 dOng E t)t c@ cc kh/i ch14ng trnh cn vng nh3 L chH c tc dOng trong ph.m vi so.n th@o c;a m,t kh/i ch14ng trnh m thi. VF tr biAn thu,c vng nh3 L trong ch14ng trnh chnh th khng th' s0 dOng E ch14ng trnh con v ng1Bc l.i. * Vng nh9 ng vo t!:ng t AI (Analog Inputs): Cc PLC S7-200 chuy'n gi trF m,t t14ng t6 (chpng h.n &i n p hay nhi t &,) thnh gi trF s/ v ch?a vo m,t vng nh3 16 bit. BEi v cc gi trF t14ng t6 chiAm m,t vng nh3 word nn chng lun lun c cc gi trF word chSn, chpng h.n nh1 AIW0, AIW2, AIW4..v l cc gi trF chH &]c. * Vng nh9 ng ra t!:ng t AQ (Analog Outputs): Cc PLC S7-200 chuy'n m,t gi trF s/ 16 bit sang gi trF &i n p ho>c dng &i n, t14ng ?ng v3i gi trF s/ (digital). Gi/ng nh1 cc ng vo t14ng t6 chng ta chH c th' truy xu)t cc ng ra t14ng t6 theo word. V l cc gi trF word chSn, chpng h.n nh1 AQW0, AQW2, AQW4.
45
Chu Ch YGc
4.4 Qui #Ic />a chO trong PLC S7-200

4.4.1 Truy xu4t theo bit
D' truy xu)t &Fa chH theo d.ng Bit chng ta xc &Fnh vng nh3, &Fa chH c;a Byte v &Fa chH c;a Bit. Bit V dO: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Byte 0 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Hnh 4.7: Vng nh9 ng vo I Trong hnh 4.7 l b@n &= vng nh3 c;a b, & m d7 li u ng vo I (Process Image Input). B@n &= c;a cc vng nh3 khc cang c c)u trc t14ng t6 nh1 vQy. Bit th)p nh)t l bit 0 n9m bn ph@i v bit cao nh)t l bit 7 n9m bn tri. Do & chng ta hon ton c th' khai bo t14ng t6 nh1 v dO trn, chpng h.n nh1: Q1.0, V5.2, M0.1Dung l1Bng c;a cc vng nh3 phO thu,c vo lo.i CPU m chng ta s0 dOng.
4.4.2 Truy xu4t theo byte (8 bit)

Khi truy xu)t d7 li u theo byte, chng ta xc &Fnh vng nh3, v th? t6 c;a byte cJn truy xu)t. V dO:
T14ng t6 nh1 v dO ta khai bo cho cc vng nh3 khc, chpng h.n nh1 IB3, MB2, QB5..
4.4.3
Truy xu4t theo word (16 bit)
D/i v3i truy xu)t vng nh3 theo d.ng word chng ta cang cJn xc &Fnh vng nh3 cJn truy xu)t, khai bo d.ng word v &Fa chH c;a word trong vng nh3. MWi m,t vng nh3 d.ng word sj g=m 2 byte v &1Bc g]i l byte th)p v byte cao. V dO:
Ch :
46
D/i v3i tn hi u t14ng t6 (Analog) th chng ta chH c m,t d.ng truy xu)t duy nh)t l truy xu)t theo word. Di$u ny l do mWi tn hi u t14ng t6 sj ?ng v3i m,t gi trF s/ nguyn 16 bit. V dO: AIW0, AIW2, AQW0 Khi truy xu)t &Fa chH theo word th hai word li$n k$ nhau bCt bu,c cch nhau 2 byte. V dO ta cJn ch?a 2 d7 li u d.ng s/ interger vo vng biAn V, th d7 li u th? nh)t gi@ s0 ch?a vo VW20 th word kA tiAp l1u d7 li u th? hai l VW22.
4.4.4
Truy xu4t theo 2 word (Double word = 32 bit)
Khi truy xu)t vng nh3 32 bit, t14ng ?ng v3i 4 byte. Trong & g=m c word th)p, word cao v byte th)p, byte cao. V dO: VD100
B@ng tm tCt vi c truy xu)t cc vng nh3 theo bit, byte, word v double word &1Bc cho E b@ng 4.4.
Cch truy xu4t
Truy xu)t Bit (byte.bit) I Q V M SM S T C L Truy xu)t Byte IB QB VB MB SMB SB LB AC KB (Constant) Truy xu)t Word IW QW VW MW SMW SW T C LW AC AIW AQW KW (Constant) T. xu)t Double word ID QD VD
CPU 221
0.0 ... 15.7 0.0 ... 15.7 0.0 ... 2047.7 0.0 ... 31.7 0.0 ... 165.7 0.0 ... 31.7 0 ... 255 0 ... 255 0.0 ... 63.7 0 ... 15 0 ... 15 0 ... 2047 0 ... 31 0 ... 165 0 ... 31 0 ... 63 0 ... 3 KB (Constant) 0 ... 14 0 ... 14 0 ... 2046 0 ... 30 0 ... 164 0 ... 30 0 ... 255 0 ... 255 0 ... 62 0 ... 3 0 ... 30 0 ... 30 KW (Constant) 0 ... 12 0 ... 12 0 ... 2044
CPU 222
CPU 224
CPU 224XP
CPU 226
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MD SMD SD LD AC HC KD (Constant) 0 ... 28 0 ... 162 0 ... 28 0 ... 60 0 ... 3 0 ... 5 KD (Constant) 0 ... 28 0 ... 296 0 ... 28 0 ... 60 0 ... 3 0 ... 5 KD (Constant) 0 ... 28 0 ... 546 0 ... 28 0 ... 60 0 ... 3 0 ... 5 KD (Constant)
Chu Ch YGc
0 ... 28 0 ... 546 0 ... 28 0 ... 60 0 ... 3 0 ... 5 KD (Constant) 0 ... 28 0 ... 546 0 ... 28 0 ... 60 0 ... 3 0 ... 5 KD (Constant)
B>ng 4.4: Truy xu7t cc vng nh9 theo #Ua chW bit, byte, word, double word. Tm l.i, v$ c4 b@n chng ta c b/n d.ng truy xu)t d7 li u nh1 trn. Trong mWi yu cJu &i$u khi'n cO th' chng ta sj ch]n truy xu)t theo d.ng no. Ki'm tra tr.ng thi c;a cc tn hi u &1Bc t.o ra tU cc ngo.i vi n/i v3i ng vo s/ nh1 nt nh)n, c@m biAn, cng tCc hnh trnh th sj ch]n truy xu)t l bit, trong tr1Zng hBp ny th ch]n &Fa chH ng vo t14ng ?ng &1Bc kAt n/i v dO nh1 I0.0, I0.5, I1.1 Xu)t tn hi u ra cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh nhQn tn hi u nhF phn nh1 relay, &n bo, van tU th sj ch]n truy xu)t l bit, trong tr1Zng hBp ny th ch]n &Fa chH ng ra t14ng ?ng &1Bc kAt n/i v dO nh1 Q0.0, Q0.2, Q1.0 NhQn tn hi u tU cc c@m biAn t.o ra tn hi u analog nh1 c@m biAn nhi t &,, p su)t, &, [m th s0 dOng &Fa chH word, v dO: AIW0, AIW2, AIW4 Xu)t tn hi u analog ra cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh nhQn tn hi u analog nh1 ng vo analog biAn tJn, van tH l th s0 dOng &Fa chH word, v dO: AQW0, AQW2, AQW4 Trong qu trnh th6c hi n ch14ng trnh cJn l1u tr7 thng tin E d.ng s/ 16 bit nh1 &Am s/ s@n ph[m (s/ nguyn 16 bit) th truy cQp &Fa chH word, cn E d.ng 32 bit nh1 nhi t &,, p su)t (s/ th6c) th truy cQp &Fa chH double word
4.5 XH l ch#6ng trnh

S7-200 th6c hi n &]c v ghi d7 li u theo logic &i$u khi'n trong ch14ng trnh lin tOc theo chu k`. Ho.t &,ng c;a S7-200 r)t &4n gi@n: D]c tr.ng thi cc ng vo S7-200 s0 dOng cc ng vo ny &' th6c hi n logic &i$u khi'n theo ch14ng trnh &1Bc l1u tr7 trong n. D7 li u lun &1Bc cQp nhQt khi ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hi n. Xu)t d7 li u ra ng ra.
Hnh 4.8 l m,t s4 &= &4n gi@n chH m/i quan h gi7a s4 &= &i n v PLC S7-200. Cc nt nh)n khEi &,ng/dUng &,ng c4 &1Bc kAt n/i v3i ng vo. Tr.ng thi c;a cc ng vo ty thu,c vo nt nh)n. Cc tr.ng thi c;a ng vo sj quyAt &Fnh tr.ng thi c;a ng ra. Ng ra &1Bc kAt n/i v3i contactor.
48
Ty theo tr.ng thi c;a ng ra m contactor c &i n hay m)t &i n v t14ng ?ng &,ng c4 sj ho.t &,ng hay dUng.
Hnh 4.8: Yi/u khi+n ng vo v ra
Hnh 4.9: Chu kS qut S7-200
* Chu kQ qut trong S7-200 S7-200 th6c hi n m,t lo.t cc nhi m vO theo chu k`. Vi c th6c hi n cc nhi m vO theo chu k` &1Bc g]i l chu k` qut (scan cycle). Hnh 4.9 l v dO m,t chu k` qut. S7-200 th6c hi n cc nhi m vO sau trong m,t chu k` qut: 3Tc ng vo: S7-200 sao chp tr.ng thi c;a cc ng vo vQt l vo b, & m ng vo. Digital inputs: MIi chu kS qut bEt #6u bPng cch #3c gi trU hi'n hnh cc ng vo s- v sau # ghi cc gi trU ny vo vng #'m ng vo. Analog inputs: S7-200 khng c1p nh1t cc ng vo analog tM cc module mH r$ng n8u l chu kS qut bnh th!Kng trM khi c kch ho@t khu l3c cc ng vo analog (xem ch!:ng x[ l tn hi'u analog). B$ l3c analog #!Ac cung c7p cho php ta c m$t tn hi'u Zn #Unh h:n. C th+ cho php b$ analog H mIi #i+m ng vo analog. Khi m$t ng vo analog #!Ac kch ho@t H b$ l3c, S7-200 c1p nh1t ng vo analog mIi m$t l6n trong chu kS qut v l!u trQ gi trU l3c. Gi trU l3c #!Ac cung c7p mIi khi truy c1p ng vo analog. Khi b$ l3c analog khng #!Ac kch ho@t, S7-200 #3c gi trU ng vo analog tM module mH r$ng mIi l6n ch!:ng trnh truy xu7t ng vo analog. ThLc hiKn theo logic 'i(u khi*n trong ch7:ng trnh: S7-200 th6c hi n cc l nh trong ch14ng trnh v l1u gi trF vo vng nh3. Khi th c hi'n chu kS qut, S7-200 thi hnh tM l'nh #6u tin cho #8n l'nh cu-i cng. Cc l'nh truy c1p I/O tGc th cho php ta truy xu7t ngay l1p tGc cc ng vo v ng ra khi th c hi'n ch!:ng trnh c4ng nh! ch!:ng trnh ngEt (interrupt routine). N8u c s[ d)ng cc ngEt trong ch!:ng trnh (ch!:ng trnh ngEt #!Ac g3i bHi cc yu c6u ngEt) th n khng #!Ac th c hi'n H chu kS qut
49
Chu Ch YGc
bnh th!Kng. N #!Ac th c hi'n khi c s ki'n ngEt (c th+ x>y ra t@i b7t kS thKi #i+m no trong chu kS qut). XJ l bWt kX yu cYu truy(n thng no: S7-200 thi hnh b)t k` nhi m vO &1Bc yu cJu cho truy$n thng. Trong giai #o@n x[ l thng tin cCa chu kS qut, S7-200 x[ l b7t kS thng tin no nh1n #!Ac tM cZng truy/n thng hoTc tM cc module truy/n thng (intelligent I/O module). ThLc hiKn tL chZn 'on CPU: S7-200 t6 ki'm tra &' &@m b@o phJn firmware, b, nh3 ch14ng trnh, v b)t k` cc moule mE r,ng no cang &ang lm vi c &ng. Trong giai #o@n ny, S7-200 ki+m tra cho ho@t #$ng thch hAp cCa CPU v tr@ng thi cCa b7t kS module mH r$ng no. XuWt ra ng ra: Cc gi trF &1Bc l1u trong vng & m ng ra sj &1Bc xu)t ra cc ng ra vQt l. T@i cu-i mIi chu kS, S7-200 xu7t cc gi trU #!Ac l!u trong b$ #'m ng ra #8n cc ng ra s-. (Cc ng ra analog th #!Ac c1p nh1t ngay l1p tGc, khng ph) thu$c vo chu kS qut). Vi c th6c hi n ch14ng trnh cn ty thu,c vo S7-200 &ang E chA &, STOP hay chA &, RUN. m chA &, RUN th ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hi n; cn E chA &, STOP th ch14ng trnh khng &1Bc th6c hi n.
50
Chu Ch "c
5 K%t n)i dy gi+a PLC v thi%t b- ngo0i vi
KST NVI DY GIXA PLC V THIST BZ NGO\I VI
5.1
K:t n;i dy gi<a PLC v cc thi:t b> ngo7i vi
Vi c kAt n/i dy gi7a PLC v3i ngo.i vi r)t quan tr]ng. N quyAt &Fnh &An vi c PLC c th' giao tiAp &1Bc v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh (my tnh) cang nh1 h th/ng &i$u khi'n c th' ho.t &,ng &ng theo yu cJu &1Bc thiAt kA hay khng. Ngoi ra vi c n/i dy cn lin quan &An an ton cho PLC cang nh1 h th/ng &i$u khi'n.
5.1.1
GiIi thiGu CPU 224 v cch k:t n;i vIi thi:t b> ngo7i vi
S4 &= b$ m>t c;a b, &i$u khi'n lQp trnh S7-200 CPU 224 &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 5.1.
Hnh 5.1: B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh S7-200 CPU 224 D' cho b, &i$u khi'n lQp trnh ny ho.t &,ng &1Bc th ng1Zi s0 dOng ph@i kAt n/i PLC v3i ngu=n cung c)p v cc ng vo ra c;a n v3i thiAt bF ngo.i vi. Mu/n n.p ch14ng trnh vo CPU, ng1Zi s0 dOng ph@i so.n th@o ch14ng trnh b9ng cc thiAt bF lQp trnh ho>c my tnh v3i phJn m$m t14ng ?ng cho lo.i PLC &ang s0 dOng v c th' n.p tr6c tiAp vo CPU ho>c copy ch14ng trnh vo card nh3 &' cCm vo rnh cCm card nh3 trn CPU c;a PLC. Thng th1Zng khi lQp trnh cang nh1 khi ki'm tra ho.t &,ng c;a PLC th ng1Zi lQp trnh th1Zng kAt n/i tr6c tiAp thiAt bF lQp trnh ho>c my tnh c nhn
51
5 K8t n-i dy giQa PLC v thi8t bU ngo@i vi
Chu Ch YGc
v3i PLC. Nh1 vQy, &' h th/ng &i$u khi'n khi'n b9ng PLC ho.t &,ng cang nh1 lQp trnh cho n, cJn ph@i kAt n/i PLC v3i my tnh cang nh1 cc ng vo ra v3i ngo.i vi. 5.1.2 K:t n;i vIi my tnh
D/i v3i cc thiAt bF lQp trnh c;a hng Siemens c cc cKng giao tiAp PPI th c th' kAt n/i tr6c tiAp v3i PLC thng qua m,t sBi cp. Tuy nhin &/i v3i my tnh c nhn cJn thiAt ph@i c cp chuy'n &Ki PC/PPI. C 2 lo.i cp chuy'n &Ki l cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master v cp USB/PPI Multi-Master. * Cp RS-232/PPI multi-master: Hnh dng c;a cp v cng tCc ch]n chA &, truy$n &1Bc cho E hnh 5.2.
Hnh 5.2: Hnh dng cp RS-232/PPI v cc chuy+n m@ch trn cp. Ty theo t/c &, truy$n gi7a my tnh v CPU m cc cng tCc 1,2,3 &1Bc &' E vF tr thch hBp. Thng th1Zng &/i v3i CPU 22x th t/c &, truy$n th1Zng &>t l 9,6 KBaud (t?c cng tCc 123 &1Bc &>t theo th? t6 l 010). Ty theo truy$n thng l 10 Bit hay 11 Bit m cng tCc 7 &1Bc &>t E vF tr thch hBp. Khi kAt n/i bnh th1Zng v3i my tnh th cng tCc 7 ch]n E chA &, truy$n thng 11 Bit (cng tCc 7 &>t E vF tr 0). Cng tCc 6 E cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master &1Bc s0 dOng &' kAt n/i port truy$n thng RS-232 c;a m,t modem v3i S7-200 CPU. Khi kAt n/i bnh th1Zng v3i my tnh th cng tCc 6 &1Bc &>t E vF tr data Comunications Equipment (DCE) (cng tCc 6 E vF tr 0). Khi kAt n/i cp PC/PPI v3i m,t
52
Chu Ch "c
modem th port RS-232 c;a cp PC/PPI &1Bc &>t E vF tr Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) (cng tCc 6 E vF tr 1). Cng tCc 5 &1Bc s0 dOng &' &>t cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master thay thA cp PC/PPI ho>c ho.t &,ng E chA &, Freeport th &>t E chA &, PPI/Freeport (cng tCc 5 E vF tr 0). NAu kAt n/i bnh th1Zng l PPI (master) v3i phJn m$m STEP 7 Micro/Win 3.2 SP4 ho>c cao h4n th &>t E chA &, PPI (cng tCc 5 E vF tr 1). S4 &= n/i cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master gi7a my tnh v CPU S7-200 v3i t/c &, truy$n 9,6 Kbaud &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 5.3.
Hnh 5.3: K8t n-i my tnh v9i CPU S7-200 RS-232/PPI Multi-Master * Cp USB/PPI multi-master: Hnh dng c;a cp &1Bc cho E hnh 5.4.
Hnh 5.4: Hnh dng cp USB/PPI. Cch th?c kAt n/i cp USB/PPI Multi-Master cang t14ng t6 nh1 cp RS232/PPI Multi-Master. D' s0 dOng cp ny, phJn m$m cJn ph@i l STEP 7-
53
Chu Ch YGc
Micro/WIN 3.2 Service Pack 4 (ho>c cao h4n). Cp chH c th' &1Bc s0 dOng v3i lo.i CPU22x ho>c sau ny. Cp USB khng &1Bc hW trB truy$n thng Freeport v download c)u hnh mn TP070 tU phJn m$m TP Designer. 5.1.3 N;i nguAn cung c4p cho CPU Ty theo lo.i v h] PLC m cc CPU c th' l kh/i ring ho>c c &>t sSn cc ng vo v ra cang nh1 m,t s/ ch?c nRng &>c bi t khc. HJu hAt cc PLC h] S7-200 &1Bc nh s@n xu)t lCp &>t cc khu vo, khu ra v CPU trong cng m,t vP h,p. Nh1ng ngu=n cung c)p cho cc khu ny hon ton &,c lQp nhau. Ngu=n cung c)p cho CPU c;a h] S7-200 c th' l: Xoay chi$u: M,t chi$u: 20...29 VAC , f = 47...63 Hz; 85...264 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz 20,4 ... 28,8 VDC
Hnh 5.5 a,b l s4 &= n/i dy ngu=n cung c)p cho CPU
a. C)p ngu=n cho CPU 2xx lo.i DC/DC/DC;
b. C)p ngu=n cho CPU 2xx lo.i AC/DC/RLY
Hnh 5.5: N-i nguDn cung c7p cho CPU D' c th' nhQn biAt vi c c)p ngu=n cho CPU, kh/i vo, kh/i ra s/ ta cRn c? vo cc ch7 s/ &i km theo CPU. Cc m s/ km theo CPU 2xx c th' c nh1 sau: CPU 2xx DC/DC/DC: Ngu=n c)p cho CPU l DC, ngu=n cho ng vo l DC, ngu=n c)p cho ng ra l DC. CPU 2xx AC/DC/Relay: Ngu=n c)p cho CPU l AC, ngu=n cho ng vo l DC, ng ra l Relay c th' c)p ngu=n l DC ho>c AC. K:t n;i vo/ra s; vIi ngo7i vi
5.1.4
54
Chu Ch "c
Cc ng vo, ra c;a PLC cJn thiAt &' &i$u khi'n v gim st qu trnh &i$u khi'n. Cc ng vo v ra c th' &1Bc phn thnh 2 lo.i c4 b@n: s/ (Digital) v t14ng t6 (analog). HJu hAt cc ?ng dOng s0 dOng cc ng vo/ra s/. Trong bi ny chH &$ cQp &An vi c kAt n/i cc ng vo/ra s/ v3i ngo.i vi, cn &/i v3i ng vo/ra t!:ng t sR trnh by H ch!:ng x[ l tn hi'u analog. D/i v3i b, &i$u khi'n lQp trnh h] S7-200, hng Siemens & &1a ra r)t nhi$u lo.i CPU v3i &i n p cung c)p cho cc ng vo ra khc nhau. Ty thu,c tUng lo.i CPU m ta c th' n/i dy khc nhau. Vi c th6c hi n n/i dy cho CPU c th' tra c?u sK tay km theo c;a hng s@n xu)t. 5.1.4.1 K:t n;i cc ng vo s; vIi ngo7i vi Cc ng vo s/ c;a PLC c th' &1Bc chA t.o l m,t kh/i ring, ho>c kAt hBp v3i cc ng ra chung trong m,t kh/i ho>c &1Bc tch hBp trn kh/i CPU. Trong tr1Zng hBp no cang vQy, cc ng vo cang ph@i &1Bc cung c)p ngu=n ring v3i c)p &i n p ty thu,c vo lo.i ng vo. CJn l1u trong m,t kh/i ng vo cang nh1 cc ng vo &1Bc tch hBp sSn trn CPU c th' c cc nhm &1Bc cung c)p ngu=n &,c lQp nhau. V vQy cJn l1u khi c)p ngu=n cho cc nhm ny. Ngu=n cung c)p cho cc kh/i vo c;a h] S7-200 c th' l: Xoay chi$u: 15...35 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz; dng cJn thiAt nhP nh)t 4mA 79...135 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz; dng cJn thiAt nhP nh)t 4mA M,t chi$u: 15 ... 30 VDC; dng cJn thiAt nhP nh)t 4mA S4 &= m.ch &i n bn trong c;a m,t s/ ng vo &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 5.6a,b.
a) Hnh 5.6:
b) a) M@ch #i'n cCa 1 ng vo s- s[ d)ng nguDn cung c7p DC b) M@ch #i'n cCa 1 ng vo s- s[ d)ng nguDn cung c7p AC
Ty theo yu cJu m c th' quyAt &Fnh s0 dOng lo.i ng vo no. + Ng vo DC: - Di n p DC th1Zng th)p do & an ton h4n. - Dp ?ng ng vo DC r)t nhanh. - Di n p DC c th' &1Bc kAt n/i v3i nhi$u phJn t0 trong h th/ng &i n.
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Chu Ch YGc
+ Ng vo AC: - Ng vo AC yu cJu cJn ph@i c thZi gian. V dO &/i v3i &i n p c tJn s/ 50 Hz ph@i yu cJu thZi gian &An 1/50 giy m3i nhQn biAt &1Bc. - Tn hi u AC t bF nhi\u h4n tn hi u DC, v vQy chng thch hBp v3i kho@ng cch l3n v mi tr1Zng nhi\u (tU). - Ngu=n AC kinh tA h4n. - Tn hi u AC th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng trong cc thiAt bF t6 &,ng hi n h7u. D/i v3i cc ng vo s/, khi kAt n/i v3i ngo.i vi, ngo.i trU cc tr1Zng hBp &>c bi t th thng th1Zng mWi m,t ng vo &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t b, t.o tn hi u nhF phn nh1: nt nh)n, cng tCc, c@m biAn tiAp cQn .... Hnh 5.7a,b,c minh h]a cch kAt n/i dy cc ng vo PLC v3i cc b, t.o tn hi u nhF phn khc nhau. CJn l1u &An cc lo.i c@m biAn khi kAt n/i v3i cc ng vo PLC (xem l@i ch!:ng 3: c>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh trong #i/u khi+n logic). Trong v dO hnh 5.7a c 3 ng vo, m,t l nt nh)n th1Zng hE, hai l tiAp &i'm c;a relay nhi t, v ba l c@m biAn tiAp cQn v3i ng ra l relay. C@ ba b, t.o tn hi u ny &1Bc cung c)p bEi m,t ngu=n 24VDC. Khi tiAp &i'm hE ho>c c@m biAn pht tn hi u 0 th khng c &i n p t.i cc ng vo. NAu cc tiAp &i'm &1Bc &ng l.i ho>c c@m biAn pht tn hi u 1 th ng vo &1Bc c)p &i n.
DC 24V INPUTS .0 .1 V+ .2
V+ PNP Sensor DC 24V INPUTS .0 .1 .2 PNP V.4 .5 .6 .7 M .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .3 24 V V+ NPN Sensor DC 24V INPUTS L .0 NPN V.2 .1
Sensor
V-
.3 .4 .5 .6 .7 M
24 V
24 V
a) Hnh 5.7: K8t n-i ng vo v9i ngo@i vi.
b)
c)
a. Nt nh7n v c>m bi8n c ng ra l relay n-i v9i ng vo lo@i sinking. b. c. Nt nh7n v c>m bi8n lo@i PNP n-i v9i ng vo lo@i sinking. Nt nh7n v c>m bi8n lo@i NPN n-i v9i ng vo lo@i sourcing.
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Chu Ch "c
D/i v3i cc ng vo ra c;a CPU 214 DC/DC/DC, CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay theo sK tay &1Bc kAt n/i nh1 hnh 5.10 v hnh 5.11. 5.1.4.2 K:t n;i cc ng ra s; vIi ngo7i vi Cc ng ra c;a PLC c th' &1Bc chA t.o l m,t kh/i ring, ho>c kAt hBp v3i cc ng ra chung trong m,t kh/i ho>c &1Bc tch hBp trn kh/i CPU. Trong tr1Zng hBp no cang vQy, cc ng ra cang ph@i &1Bc cung c)p ngu=n ring v3i c)p &i n p ty thu,c vo lo.i ng ra. CJn l1u trong m,t kh/i ra cang nh1 cc ng ra &1Bc tch hBp sSn trn CPU c th' c cc nhm &1Bc cung c)p ngu=n &,c lQp nhau. V vQy cJn l1u khi c)p ngu=n cho cc nhm ny. Ngu=n cung c)p cho cc kh/i ra c;a h] S7-200 c th' l: Xoay chi$u: M,t chi$u: 20...264 VAC , f = 47...63 Hz; 5...30 VDC &/i v3i ng ra r4 le; 20.4 ... 28.8 VDC &/i v3i ng ra transistor;
Cc kh/i ra tiu chu[n c;a PLC th1Zng c 8 &An 32 ng ra theo cng lo.i v c dng &Fnh m?c khc nhau. Ng ra c th' l r4 le, transistor ho>c triac. R4 le l ng ra linh ho.t nh)t. Chng c th' l ng ra AC v DC. Tuy nhin &p ?ng c;a ng ra r4 le chQm, gi thnh cao v bF h1 hPng sau vi tri u lJn &ng cCt. Cn ng ra transistor th chH s0 dOng v3i ngu=n cung c)p l DC v ng ra triac th chH s0 dOng &1Bc v3i ngu=n AC. Tuy nhin &p ?ng c;a cc ng ra ny nhanh h4n. S4 &= m.ch &i n bn trong c;a cc ng ra &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 5.8. CJn ch khi thiAt kA h th/ng c c@ hai lo.i ng ra AC v DC. NAu ngu=n AC n/i vo ng ra DC l transistor, th chH c bn k` d14ng c;a chu k` &i n p &1Bc s0 dOng v do & &i n p ra sj bF gi@m. NAu ngu=n DC &1Bc n/i v3i ng ra AC l triac th khi c tn hi u cho ng ra, n sj lun lun c &i n cho d c &i$u khi'n tCt b9ng PLC.
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Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 5.8: M@ch #i'n bn trong cCa cc lo@i ng ra khc nhau. a) Ng ra transistor ; b) Ng ra relay ; c) Ng ra triac D/i v3i cc ng ra s/, khi kAt n/i v3i ngo.i vi, ngo.i trU cc tr1Zng hBp &>c bi t th thng th1Zng mWi m,t ng ra &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n nhQn tn hi u nhF phn nh1: &n bo, cu,n dy r4 le, chung bo . . .. Hnh 5.9 minh h]a cch kAt n/i dy cc ng ra PLC v3i cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh. Hnh 5.9a l m,t v dO cho cc kh/i ra s0 dOng 24Vdc v3i mass chung. Tiu bi'u cho lo.i ny l ng ra transistor. Trong v dO ny cc ng ra &1Bc kAt n/i v3i t@i cng su)t nhP l &n bo v cu,n dy relay. Quan st m.ch kAt n/i ny, &n bo s0 dOng ngu=n cung c)p l 24Vdc. NAu ng ra .6 E m?c logic 1 (24Vdc) th dng sj ch@y tU ng ra .6 qua &n H1 v xu/ng Mass (M), &n sng. NAu ng ra E m?c logic 0 (0V), th &n H1 tCt. NAu ng ra .4 E m?c logic 1 th cu,n dy r4 le c &i n, lm tiAp &i'm c;a n &ng l.i cung c)p &i n 220 Vac cho &,ng c4. Hnh 5.9b l m,t v dO ng ra relay s0 dOng ngu=n c)p l 24 Vdc, v hnh 5.9c l v dO ng ra triac s0 dOng ngu=n xoay chi$u 24 Vac. M,t ch quan tr]ng khi kAt n/i cc ng ra cJn tra c?u sK tay kh/i ng ra hi n c &' c &1Bc thng tin chnh xc trnh &1Bc nh7ng s6 c/ &ng tiAc x@y ra. Hnh 5.10 l v dO c;a CPU 214 v3i ngu=n cung c)p DC, ng vo DC v ng ra DC &1Bc n/i dy v3i ngo.i vi ( trch tU sK tay S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual). Ta nhQn th)y mWi m,t nhm ng vo cang nh1 m,t nhm ng ra v CPU &1Bc cung c)p ngu=n ring l 24 Vdc. Ngoi ra trn kh/i CPU cn c ngu=n phO 24 Vdc (&An 280 mA) c th' &1Bc s0 dOng &' cung c)p cho cc c@m biAn ho>c kh/i mE r,ng.
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Chu Ch "c
DC 24V OUTPUTS

RELAY OUTPUTS
AC OUTPUTS
.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 L+ M 24V H1 K1
M
.0 .1
.0 .1
M
220V
.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 L
220V K1
.2 .3 .4
220V K1
H1
.5 .6
H1
24V
.7 L
24V
a) b) c) Hnh 5.9: K8t n-i dy ng ra PLC v9i c: c7u ch7p hnh
Hnh 5.10: S: #D n-i dy CPU 214 DC/DC/DC v9i nguDn v ngo@i vi
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Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 5.11: S: #D n-i dy CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay v9i nguDn v ngo@i vi
5.2 Ki0m tra viGc k:t n;i dy bEng ph@n m,m

M,t cng vi c quan tr]ng cho ng1Zi lCp &>t v vQn hnh l biAt &1Bc cc kAt n/i c;a cc ng vo/ra v3i ngo.i vi c &ng hay khng tr13c khi n.p ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n vo CPU. Ho>c khi m,t h th/ng &ang ho.t &,ng bnh th1Zng nh1ng m,t s6 c/ h1 hPng x@y ra th cc phJn ngo.i vi no bF h1 v pht hi n n b9ng cch no. Cc phJn m$m cho cc b, &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC th1Zng c trang bF thm cng cO &' ki'm tra vi c kAt n/i dy ng vo/ra v3i ng]ai vi. Trong phJn m$m Step 7 Micro/Win (phJn m$m lQp trnh cho h] S7-200) c trang bF thm phJn ny & l mOc Status Chart. D' s0 dOng phJn m$m t/t h4n hy xem thm ch!:ng Ph6n m/m STEP 7-Micro/Win v ngn ngQ l1p trnh.
5.2.1
Status Chart
Chng ta c th' s0 dOng Status Chart &' &]c, ghi ho>c c1Lng b?c cc biAn trong ch14ng trnh theo mong mu/n. D' c th' mE Status Chart, ta nh)p &p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Status Chart trong c0a sK Navigation Bar trn mn hnh Step 7-Micro/Win32 ho>c vo mOc View ] Component ] Status Chart.
5.2.2
Gim st v thay /(i bi:n vIi Status Chart
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Chu Ch "c
Hnh 5.9 chH m,t v dO v$ cch s0 dOng Status Chart. D' &]c hay ghi cc biAn chng ta th6c hi n theo cc b13c sau:
B#2c 1:
#$u tin trong c't Address ta nh*p vo #+a ch- hay tn k hi0u c2a m't bi4n trong ch67ng trnh 8ng d:ng m mu;n gim st ho<c #i>u khi?n, sau # @n ENTER. L<p lAi b6Bc ny cho t@t cC cc bi4n #6Dc thm vo bi?u #E.
B!9c 2: NAu biAn l 1 Bit (v dO:I, Q, ho>c M), th ki'u biAn &>t E c,t Format l bit. NAu biAn l m,t byte, word, hay double word th ch]n E c,t Format v nh)p &p chu,t &' tm ki'u biAn mong mu/n. B!9c 3: D' xem gi trF hi n hnh c;a cc biAn trong PLC trong bi'u &=, hy nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug ] Chart Status. D' chOp &1Bc m,t gi trF c;a cc biAn t.i thZi &i'm nh)p chu,t s0 dOng Debug ] Single Read ho>c nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng B!9c 4: B!9c 5: D' dUng vi c gim st th nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ch]n Debug ] Chart Status. . ho>c
D' thay &Ki gi trF c;a m,t biAn ho>c nhi$u biAn, hy nhQp gi trF m3i vo c,t New Value cho cc biAn mong mu/n v nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug ] Write All &' ghi t)t c@ cc gi trF ny vo cc biAn t14ng ?ng trong CPU.
61

GL bP t)t c@ gi trF & c1Lng b?c BP gi trF bF c1Lng b?c &1Bc ch]n c1Lng b?c cc biAn &1Bc ch]n
Chu Ch YGc
D]c gi trF bF c1Lng b?c trong CPU
Bo cho biAt biAn ny bF c1Lng b?c
Bo cho biAt chH m,t phJn c;a biAn ny bF c1Lng b?c
Hnh 5.13: V d) v/ status chart
5.2.3
C#^ng b"c bi:n vIi Status Chart
Trong m,t s/ tr1Zng hBp cJn thiAt ph@i p bu,c m,t ng vo ho>c m,t ng ra ho>c b)t k` m,t biAn no & trong ch14ng trnh theo m,t gi trF mong mu/n cho ph hBp v3i han c@nh h]at &,ng hi n t.i c;a h th/ng ho>c &' ki'm tra cc lWi x@y ra trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n, ta c th' s0 dOng cng cO c1Lng b?c biAn (Force). D' c1Lng b?c biAn trong Status Chart v3i m,t gi trF xc &Fnh, th6c hi n cc b13c sau: B!9c 1: Ch]n m,t trong c,t Address, vo &Fa chH hay hay tn c;a biAn cJn c1Lng b?c. B!9c 2: NAu biAn l 1 Bit (v dO:I0.0, Q0.1), th ki'u biAn E c,t Format lun lun l bit. NAu biAn l m,t byte, word, hay double word th ch]n E c,t Format v nh)p &p chu,t &' tm ki'u biAn mong mu/n. D' c1Lng b?c biAn v3i gi trF hi n hnh, tr13c tin hy &]c gi trF hi n hnh trong PLC b9ng cch nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug ] Chart Status. .
B!9c 3:
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Chu Ch "c
Nh)p ho>c cu,n ch?a gi trF hi n hnh mu/n c1Lng b?c. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug ] Force E trn vF tr gi trF hi n hnh &' c1Lng b?c biAn gi trF &. B!9c 4: D' c1Lng b?c m,t gi trF m3i cho m,t biAn, nhQp gi trF vo c,t New Value v nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ] Force . B!9c 5: ho>c ch]n Debug
D' xem gi trF hi n hnh c;a t)t c@ cc biAn bF c1Lng b?c, kch chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Read All Forced Read All Forced. ho>c ch]n Debug ]
B!9c 6: D' cho t)t c@ cc biAn trE l.i tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng, hy kch chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Unforce All ho>c ch]n Debug ] Unforce All. Mu/n gL bP c1Lng b?c m,t biAn, hy ch]n biAn mong mu/n v nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug ] Unforce.
5.2.4 _ng d%ng Status Chart trong viGc ki0m tra k:t n;i dy trong S7-200
Sau khi kAt n/i dy ng]ai vi v3i cc ng vo/ra c;a PLC, vi c kA tiAp l ki'm tra l.i kAt n/i dy ny &' pht hi n ra cc lWi kAt n/i. M,t cng cO h7u hi u l s0 dOng Status Chart. L1u khi ki'm tra kAt n/i dy: 3,i vQi ng vo: Cc ng vo no &1Bc n/i v3i cc tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng hay tn hi u c m?c logic 1 th cc ng vo c &i n p v &n bo tr.ng thi cc ng vo sng. Khi quan st trong status chart, ta sj nhQn th)y cc gi trF ny c m?c logic 1. Vi c ki'm tra cc ng vo nn th6c hi n lJn l1Bt cho tUng ng vo theo b@ng kAt n/i dy vo/ra v3i ngo.i vi. C nghâ l mWi lJn ta chH thay &Ki tr.ng thi c;a m,t b, t.o tn hi u (nt nh)n, c@m biAn,...) v quan st tr.ng thi c;a ng vo &1Bc kAt n/i v3i n trong status chart. Ghi chp l.i cc kAt n/i bF sai v s7a ch7a. m tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng khi ch1a c ch14ng trnh th t)t c@ cc ng ra c;a PLC &$u E m?c logic 0 (khng c &i n p) v &n bo tr.ng thi cc ng ra &$u tCt. Vi c ki'm tra n/i dy ng ra nn th6c hi n lJn l1Bt tUng ng ra theo b@ng kAt n/i dy b9ng cch cho ng ra mu/n ki'm tra ln m?c lodic 1 trong status chart v quan st tr.ng thi c;a ngo.i vi &1Bc kAt n/i t14ng ?ng. NAu ngo.i vi t14ng ?ng c &i n ch?ng tP n &1Bc kAt n/i &ng cn ng1Bc l.i kAt n/i sai.
3,i vQi ng ra:
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Chu Ch YGc
Ghi chp l.i cc kAt n/i sai v s7a ch7a.
5.3 Cu hì v bi t2p

BT 5.1: Ng vo c;a PLC c th' &ng &i n cho cu,n dy r4 le &' &i$u khi'n m,t &,ng c4 &1Bc khng? Cc kh/i vo v kh/i ra &ng vai tr g trong vi c giao tiAp gi7a PLC v thiAt bF ng]ai vi? BT 5.2: BT 5.3: Cc kh/i mE r,ng ng vo/ra c lBi ch g? Di$u g x@y ra nAu m,t ng ra AC &1Bc c)p ngu=n DC?
BT 5.4: M,t kh/i vo/ra mE r,ng c;a PLC h] S7-200 lo.i EM223 g=m c 8 ng vo DC/8 ng ra r4le. Cc ng vo &1Bc n/i v3i 4 nt nh)n, 2 ng ra &1Bc n/i v3i m,t r4le trung gian s0 dOng ngu=n 24VDC dng &' &ng m.ch cho m,t contactor 220VAC &' &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 3 pha 220V/380V. 2 ng ra &1Bc n/i v3i 2 &n bo 220VAC &' bo chi$u quay c;a &,ng c4. 2 ng ra &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc van kh nn 24 VDC. Hy vj s4 &= n/i dy cc ng vo v ra ny v3i ngo.i vi theo yu cJu. BT 5.5: Hy thiAt kA m,t d6 n &1Bc &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC. Tr13c khi &>t hng, cJn ph@i phc th@o vi c n/i dy c4 b@n v ch]n l6a cc lo.i PLC ho>c kh/i vo/ra c cc ng vo/ra t14ng ?ng. Cc thiAt bF &1Bc s0 dOng &' n/i v3i cc ng vo g=m c: 2 cng tCc hnh trnh, 1 nt nh)n th1Zng hE, 1 nt nh)n th1Zng &ng v m,t tiAp &i'm nhi t. Ng ra sj &i$u khi'n m,t van solenoid 24VDC, m,t &n bo 110VAC v m,t &,ng c4 220VAC/50HP. Hy l6a ch]n lo.i PLC ho>c m,t kh/i vo/ra ph hBp v kAt n/i dy theo yu cJu &>t ra. BT 5.6: Hy phc th@o s4 &= n/i dy cho cc ng ra PLC theo yu cJu &1Bc li t k d13i &y: M,t van kh nn c 2 cu,n dy solenoid M,t &n bo 24VDC M,t &n bo 120 VAC M,t &,ng c4 cng su)t th)p 12 VDC.
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Chu Ch YGc
6 Ph6n m/m Micro/Win v ngn ngQ l1p trnh
Ph@n m,m Micro/Win v ngn ng< l2p trnh
6.1 Ci /Kt ph@n m,m STEP 7-Micro/WIN

STEP 7-Micro/WIN l m,t phJn m$m lQp trnh cho h] PLC S7-200. Hi n phin b@n &ang &1Bc s0 dOng l STEP 7-Micro/Win V4.0 Service Pack 6.
6.1.1
Yu c@u hG /i,u hnh v ph@n c"ng
My tnh c nhn PC, mu/n ci &>t &1Bc phJn m$m STEP 7-micro/WIN ph@i thPa mn nh7ng yu cJu sau &y: Microsoft Windows 2000 Service Pack 3 ho>c cao h4n, Windows XP Home, ho>c Windows XP Professional. C t nh)t 350 MB K &â c?ng cn tr/ng S0 dOng chA &, ci &>t font ch7 nhP &, phn gi@i mn hnh t/i thi'u l 1024x768 pixels.
NAu ch1a c cp &' kAt n/i my tnh v3i PLC S7-200 th ta vkn c th' so.n th@o ch14ng trnh E chA &, offline v ki'm tra ho.t &,ng c;a ch14ng trnh v3i m,t phJn m$m m phPng. D' truy$n thng v3i S7-200, ta cJn m,t trong cc phJn c?ng sau: PC/PPI Cable kAt n/i CPU S7-200 v3i PC qua cKng USB PC/PPI Cable kAt n/i CPU S7-200 v3i PC qua cKng RS232 (COM1 ho>c COM2) CP card (Communications processor) v cp MPI (multipoint interface). EM241 modem CP243-1 ho>c CP243-1 IT Ethernet
6.1.2 Ci /Kt ph@n m,m

Th6c hi n theo cc b13c sau: 1. Dng t)t c@ cc ?ng dOng 2. Chn &â CD STEP 7-Micro/Win vo K &â CD-Rom. Ch14ng trnh sj &1Bc t6 &,ng ci &>t. Ta cang c th' khEi &,ng ch14ng trnh ci &>t b9ng cch nh)p &p chu,t vo file Setup.exe| trn CD.
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Chu Ch YGc
3. Sau & sj nhQn &1Bc dJn dJn tUng b13c cc chH dkn thao tc tiAp theo trn mn hnh v hon thnh cng vi c ci &>t. 4. Khi ci &>t xong, h,p tho.i set PG/PC Interface t6 &,ng xu)t hi n. Kch Cancel &' kAt thc. 5. Ta cJn khEi &,ng l.i my &' hon t)t vi c ci &>t. Sau khi & ci &>t xong c th' bCt &Ju so.n th@o ch14ng trnh nhZ phJn m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN b9ng cch nh)p &p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng STEP 7 MicroWIN trn mn hnh. Ch : Khi ci &>t phin ph@n STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 Sevice Pack 6 th tr13c tin ta cJn ph@i uninstall phin b@n ca v sau & m3i ci &>t &1Bc phin b@n ny. Sau khi download ta nh)p &p chu,t vo file STEP7MicroWIN_V40_SP6.exe v th6c hi n theo cc b13c sau: B!9c 1: Uninstall phin b@n STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 b9ng cng cO control panel trong Window (menu Start settingscontrol paneladd or remove program). B!9c 2: KhEi &,ng l.i my tnh B!9c 3: Ci &>t STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 Service Pack (SP6) b9ng cch nh)p &p chu,t vo file STEP7-MicroWIN_V40_SP6.exe.
6.2 Cc ph@n tH c6 b8n trong ch#6ng trnh PLC S7-200

Cc phJn t0 c4 b@n trong m,t ch14ng trnh PLC S7-200 l: 1. Ch14ng trnh chnh (main program) 2. Ch14ng trnh con (subroutine) 3. Ch14ng trnh ngCt (interrupt rountine) 4. Kh/i h th/ng (system block) 5. Kh/i d7 li u (data block)
6.2.1
Ch#6ng trnh chnh OB1 (main program)
Dy l phJn khung c;a ch14ng trnh, ch?a cc l nh &i$u khi'n ch14ng trnh ?ng dOng. V3i m,t s/ ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n nhP, &4n gi@n chng ta c th' viAt t)t c@ cc l nh trong kh/i ny. Ch14ng trnh ?ng dOng &1Bc x0 l bCt &Ju tU ch14ng trnh chnh, cc l nh &1Bc x0 l lJn l1Bt tU trn xu/ng d13i v chH m,t lJn E mWi vng qut. Trong S7-200 ch14ng trnh &1Bc ch?a trong kh/i OB1.
6.2.2
Ch#6ng trnh con SUB (subroutine)
Cc l nh viAt trong ch14ng trnh con chH c th' &1Bc x0 l khi ch14ng trnh con &1Bc g]i (Call) tU ch14ng trnh chnh, tU m,t ch14ng trnh con khc ho>c tU m,t ch14ng trnh ngCt. S0 dOng ch14ng trnh con khi chng ta mu/n
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phn chia nhi m vO &i$u khi'n. MWi m,t ch14ng trnh con viAt cho m,t nhi m vO nhP ho>c khi c cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n t14ng t6 nhau (v dO: &i$u khi'n bRng t@i 1, &i$u khi'n bRng t@i 2) th chng ta chH cJn t.o ra ch14ng trnh con m,t lJn v c th' g]i ra nhi$u lJn tU ch14ng trnh chnh. S0 dOng ch14ng trnh con c m,t s/ 1u &i'm sau: Ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n &1Bc chia theo nhi m vO &i$u khi'n nn c c)u trc r rng, r)t thuQn ti n cho vi c chHnh s0a hay ki'm tra ch14ng trnh. Gi@m thZi gian vng qut c;a ch14ng trnh. CPU khng ph@i lin tOc x0 l t)t c@ cc l nh c;a ch14ng trnh m chH x0 l ch14ng trnh con khi c l nh g]i t14ng ?ng. Ch14ng trnh con cho php gi@m cng vi c so.n th@o khi c cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n t14ng t6 nhau.
(B@n #3c xem ph6n v d) v cch s[ d)ng ch!:ng trnh con H ch!:ng php ton nhU phn). 6.2.3 Ch#6ng trnh ngMt INT(interrupt routine)
Ch14ng trnh ngCt &1Bc thiAt kA &' s0 dOng cho m,t s6 ki n ngCt &1Bc &Fnh nghâ tr13c. B)t c? khi no s6 ki n ngCt xc &Fnh x@y ra, th S7-200 th6c hi n ch14ng trnh ngCt. Ch14ng trnh ngCt khng &1Bc g]i bEi ch14ng trnh chnh m theo s6 ki n ngCt x@y ra. Ch14ng trnh ngCt sj chH &1Bc x0 l mWi khi s6 ki n ngCt x@y ra. (Ph6n ch!:ng trnh ngEt sR #!Ac trnh by chi ti8t H t1p 2).
6.2.4
Kh;i hG th;ng (system block)
System block cho php ta c)u hnh cc ty ch]n phJn c?ng khc nhau cho S7-200.
6.2.5
Kh;i d< liGu (data block)
Data block l1u tr7 cc gi trF biAn khc nhau (vng nh3 V) &1Bc s0 dOng trong ch14ng trnh. Gi trF ban &Ju c;a cc d7 li u c th' nhQp vo trong kh/i d7 li u. (Ph6n kh-i dQ li'u sR #!Ac trnh by chi ti8t H t1p 2).
6.3 Ngn ng< l2p trnh

D' c th' so.n th@o ch14ng trnh cho cc PLC S7-200, chng ta dng phJn m$m Step7 MicroWin. V cang gi/ng nh1 PLC c;a cc hng khc, chng ta c 3 d.ng so.n th@o thng dOng l d.ng LAD, FBD v STL. Vi c ch]n d.ng so.n th@o no &' viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n l do ng1Zi dng ty ch]n.
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6.3.1
D7ng hnh thang : LAD (Ladder logic)
m d.ng so.n th@o ny ch14ng trnh &1Bc hi'n thF gJn gi/ng nh1 s4 &= n/i dy m,t m.ch trang bF &i n dng cc relay v contactor. Chng ta xem nh1 c m,t dng &i n tU m,t ngu=n &i n ch.y qua m,t chuWi cc tiAp &i'm logic ng vo tU tri qua ph@i &' t3i ng ra. Ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n &1Bc chia ra lm nhi$u Network, mWi m,t Network th6c hi n m,t nhi m vO nhP v cO th'. Cc Network &1Bc x0 l lJn l1Bt tU trn xu/ng d13i v tU tri sang ph@i. Cc phJn t0 ch; yAu dng trong d.ng so.n th@o ny l: V d): TiAp &i'm khng &@o: TiAp &i'm &@o: Ng ra (ho>c tr.ng thi n,i c;a biAn): Cc h,p ch?c nRng (Box): cc ch?c nRng &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng h,p nh1 cc php ton s/ h]c, &Fnh thZi, b, &Am
Ng ra d.ng cu,n dy TiAp &i'm logic ng vo D1Zng ngu=n
D.ng so.n th@o ny c m,t s/ 1u &i'm: D\ dng cho nh7ng ng1Zi m3i bCt &Ju lQp trnh Bi'u di\n d.ng &= h]a d\ hi'u v thng dOng Lun lun c th' chuy'n tU d.ng STL sang LAD
6.3.2
D7ng kh;i ch"c nang : FBD (Function Block Diagram)
D.ng so.n th@o FBD hi'n thF ch14ng trnh E d.ng &= h]a t14ng t6 nh1 s4 &= cc cKng logic. FBD khng s0 dOng khi ni m &1Zng ngu=n cung c)p tri v ph@i; do & khi ni m dng &i n khng &1Bc s0 dOng. Thay vo & l logic 1. Khng c tiAp &i'm v cu,n dy nh1 E d.ng LAD, nh1ng c cc cKng logic v cc h,p ch?c nRng. Cc cKng logic nh1 AND, OR, XORsj t14ng ?ng v3i cc tiAp &i'm logic n/i tiAp hay song song V dO:
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DJu ra c;a cc cKng logic hay h,p ch?c nRng c th' &1Bc s0 dOng &' n/i tiAp v3i &Ju vo c;a cc cKng logic hay cc h,p ch?c nRng khc. V3i d.ng so.n th@o ny c m,t s/ &i'm chnh sau: Bi'u di\n E d.ng &= h]a cc cKng ch?c nRng gip chng ta d\ &]c hi'u theo trnh t6 &i$u khi'n. Lun c th' chuy'n tU hi'n thF d.ng FBD sang STL. 6.3.3 D7ng liGt k lGnh : STL (StaTement List)
Dy l d.ng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh d.ng tQp hBp cc cu l nh. Ng1Zi dng ph@i nhQp cc cu l nh tU bn phm, gi7a l nh v ton h.ng (ton h.ng c th' l &Fa chH, d7 li u) c kho@ng trCng v mWi l nh chiAm m,t hng. m d.ng so.n th@o ny sj c m,t s/ ch?c nRng m E d.ng so.n th@o LAD hay FBD khng c. V d):
D.ng s]an th@o ny c m,t s/ &i'm chnh: L d.ng s]an th@o ph hBp cho nh7ng ng1Zi c kinh nghi m lQp trnh PLC. STL cho php gi@i quyAt m,t s/ v)n &$ m &i khi kh khRn khi dng LAD ho>c FBD. Lun lun c th' chuy'n tU d.ng LAD hay FBD v$ d.ng STL nh1ng khi chuy'n ng1Bc l.i tU STL sang LAD hay FBD sj c m,t s/ phJn t0 ch14ng trnh khng chuy'n &1Bc.
6.4 So7n th8o ch#6ng trnh vIi ph@n m,m STEP7Micro/Win V4.0 SP6
6.4.1 MN mn hnh so7n th8o ch#6ng trnh
D' mE STEP 7--Micro/WIN, nh)p &p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng STEP 7Micro/WIN trn mn hnh desktop, ho>c ch]n Start > SIMATIC > STEP 7 MicroWIN V4.0. Giao di n mn hnh c d.ng (hnh 6.1).
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6.4.1.1 Vng so7n th8o ch#6ng trnh Vng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh ch?a ch14ng trnh v b@ng khai bo biAn cOc b, c;a kh/i ch14ng trnh &ang &1Bc mE. Ch14ng trnh con (viAt tCt l SUB) v ch14ng trnh ngCt (viAt tCt l INT) xu)t hi n E cu/i c0a sK so.n th@o ch14ng trnh. Ty thu,c vo vi c nh)p chu,t E mOc no m c0a sK mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh t14ng ?ng sj &1Bc mE. 6.4.1.2 Cy lGnh Cy l nh hi'n thF t)t c@ cc &/i t1Bng c;a d6 n v cc l nh &' viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n. C th' s0 dOng ph14ng php drag and drop (ko v th@) tUng l nh ring tU c0a sK cy l nh vo ch14ng trnh, hay nh)p &p chu,t vo m,t l nh m mu/n chn n vo vF tr con trP E mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh.
Thanh cng cO
Vng so.n th@o Cy l nh Thanh ch?c nRng
Hnh 6.1: Mn hnh so@n th>o ch!:ng trnh STEP 7-Micro/Win 6.4.1.3 Thanh ch"c nang Thanh ch?c nRng ch?a m,t hm cc bi'u t1Bng &' truy cQp cc &>c &i'm ch14ng trnh khc nhau c;a STEP 7--Micro/WIN. * Program Block: NhCp &p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ny &' mE ra c0a sK so.n th@o cc ch14ng trnh ?ng dOng (OB1, SUB ho>c INT)
* Symbol Table: B@ng k hi u (Symbol table) cho php ng1Zi dng m t@ cc &Fa chH s0 dOng trong ch14ng trnh d13i d.ng cc tn g]i gBi nh3. Di$u ny gip cho
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vi c &]c hi'u ch14ng trnh d\ dng v khi viAt ch14ng trnh t bF sai st do s0 dOng trng &Fa chH.
Tn gBi nh3 DFa chH tuy t &/i
Ch thch
* Status Chart: B@ng tr.ng thi (Status chart) cho php ng1Zi dng gim st tr.ng thi cc ng vo v thay &Ki tr.ng thi tUng ng ra. S0 dOng b@ng tr.ng thi &' ki'm tra n/i dy phJn c?ng v xem n,i dung cc vng nh3.
Trong &: + C,t Address: Cho php nhQp &Fa chH cc biAn hay vng nh3 + C,t Format: Cho php ch]n d.ng d7 li u c;a &Fa chH + C,t Current Value: Hi'n thF gi trF hi n hnh c;a &Fa chH + C,t New Value: Cho php thay &Ki tr.ng thi ng ra hay n,i dung vng nh3
* Data Block: S0 dOng Data Block nh1 m,t vng nh3 &' &>t tr13c d7 li u cho cc biAn thu$c vng nh9 V. C th' t.o ra cc Data block khc nhau v &>t tn theo d7 lli u ch14ng trinh. V dO:
C0a sK so.n th@o d7 li u:
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* System Block : Dy l kh/i ch?c nRng h th/ng, khi mE System Block chng ta c th' ci &>t cc ch?c nRng nh1: - Communication ports: Ch]n cc thng s/ truy$n thng v3i thiAt bF khc nh1 my tnh hay CPU khc. Retentive Ranges: Ch]n cc vng nh3 v &Fa chH sj c thu,c tnh retentive Output Tables: Cho php thiAt lQp c)u hnh tr.ng thi ON v OFF c;a mWi ng ra s/ khi CPU chuy'n tU tr.ng thi Run sang Stop. Cho php ch]n thZi gian tr\ cho m,t vi ng vo ho>c t)t c@ ng vo s/ (tU 0.2ms &An 12.8 ms). MOc &ch l gip ch/ng nhi\u E vi c n/i dy ng vo. Cho php thiAt lQp m,t ng vo &' bCt l)y s6 chuy'n &Ki tr.ng thi tn hi u r)t nhanh. Ngay khi c chuy'n &Ki, gi trF ng vo sj &1Bc ch/t cho &An khi &1Bc &]c bEi chu k` qut c;a PLC. Cho php thiAt lQp l1Bng thZi gian PLC sj dnh cho cc ho.t &,ng n$n trong chA &, RUN. D>c &i'm ny &1Bc s0 dOng ch; yAu &' &i$u khi'n @nh h1Eng c;a chu k` qut khi x0 l tr.ng thi v trong ho.t &,ng so.n th@o runtime.
Input filter:
Pulse Catch Bits:
Background Time:
EM Confuguration: Cc module intelligent v &Fa chH c)u hnh t14ng ?ng &1Bc &Fnh nghâ trong d6 n. Th1Zng th STEP 7-Micro/WIN wizard &>t cc &Fa chH ny. Configure LED: LED SF/DIAG (System Fault/Diagnostic) c th' &1Bc ch]n sng khi th6c hi n ch?c nRng c1Lng b?c (Force) ho>c x@y ra lWi vo/ra (I/O). TRng b, nh3 ch14ng trnh b9ng cch khng cho so.n th@o E chA &, RUN. D/i v3i b, nh3 D7 li u th khng th'. Cho php &>t mQt kh[u &' b@o v ch14ng trnh. C 4 c)p &' ng1Zi dng ty ch]n theo b@ng sau:
Level 1 Cho php truy cQp Level 2 Cho php truy cQp Leve 3 Cho php truy cQp Level 4 Cho php truy cQp
Increase Memory:
Password:
M t8 ch"c nang D]c v ghi d7 li u Start, Stop, khEi &,ng CPU D]c v ghi &=ng h= thZi gian (time-of-day
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So.n th@o E Runtime
Xa ch14ng trnh, data block ho>c system block Copy ch14ng trnh, data block ho>c system block vo card nh3 C1Lng b?c d7 li u trong status chart Ghi ng ra E tr.ng thi stop Xa t/c &, qut trong PLC information So snh d6 n
Yu cJu password
Yu cJu password
Khng bao giZ cho php Yu cJu password (khng bao giZ cho php v3i system Block) Khng bao giZ cho php Yu cJu password (khng bao giZ cho php v3i system Block)
Yu cJu password
Khng bao giZ cho php
* Cross Reference: B@ng tham chiAu cho biAt nh7ng &Fa chH vng nh3 no (Byte, bit, word hay DWord, timer, counter) & s0 dOng v v tr (location) trong ch14ng trnh cang nh1 ch?c nRng c;a chng. M,t v dO b@ng cross reference &1Bc cho E hnh 6.2. T.i c,t Element, nhCp &p vo &Fa chH no th trnh so.n th@o sj mE cho chng ta c0a sK ch14ng trnh c ch?a &Fa chH t14ng ?ng. Vi c ny gip cho chng ta d\ dng ki'm tra hay thay &Ki &Fa chH khi c nhu cJu.
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Hnh 6.2: V d) b>ng cross reference.
Communication:
v Set PG/PC
Cc bi'u t1Bng ny khi kch ho.t sj mE ra h,p tho.i cho php chng ta ci &>t cc giao tiAp v3i my tnh nh1: ch]n cKng giao tiAp, &Fa chH CPU, t/c &, truy$n. Dy l b!9c c6n th c hi'n khi bCt &Ju giao tiAp gi7a PLC v3i my tnh.
Hnh 6.3: C[a sZ Communications
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Hnh 6.4: C[a sZ Set PG/PC Interface.
6.4.2
Thanh cng c% (Toolbar) trong STEP7-Micro/WIN
Trong phJn m$m c &>t sSn nhi$u cng cO gip ng1Zi lQp trnh d\ dng trong vi c s0 dOng. Cc cng cO c nghâ nh1 sau: New Project (File menu): KhEi &,ng m,t d6 n m3i Open Project (File menu): ME m,t d6 n t=n t.i Save Project (File menu): L1u d6 n Print (File menu): In ch14ng trnh v ti li u d6 n Print Preview (File menu): Xem tr13c khi in Cut (Edit menu): CCt phJn ch]n v &1a vo clipboard Copy (Edit menu): Copy phJn &1Bc ch]n vo clipboard Paste (Edit menu): Dn n,i dung clipboard vo c0a sK &1Bc kch ho.t Undo (Edit menu): Khi phOc l.i phJn bF xa tr13c
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Compile (PLC menu): Bin dFch c0a sK &1Bc kch ho.t (Program Block ho>c Data Block). Compile All (PLC menu): Bin dFch t)t c@ cc phJn t0 d6 n (Program Block, Data Block, and System Block) Upload (File menu): L)y (Upload) cc phJn t0 d6 n tU PLC vo mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh Download (File menu): N.p (download) cc phJn t0 d6 n tU STEP7-MicroWin vo PLC. Option (Tools menu): Truy cQp menu Options RUN (PLC menu): D>t PLC E chA &, RUN STOP (PLC menu): D>t PLC E chA &, STOP Program Status (Debug menu): ON/OFF tr.ng thi ch14ng trnh trong PLC. Pause Program Status (Debug menu): DUng ON/OFF tr.ng thi ch14ng trnh trong PLC. Chart Status (Debug menu): ON/OFF hi'n thF tr.ng thi d7 li u trong b@ng Status chart. Trend View (View menu): ON/OFF xem tr.ng thi d7 li u trong PLC E d.ng &= thF Pause Trend View: DUng vi c vj &= thF d7 li u Single Read (Debug menu): S0 dOng Single Read &' cQp nhQt m,t lJn t)t c@ cc gi trF trong b@ng Status Chart. Write All (Debug menu): Ghi t)t c@ cc gi trF E c,t New Value trong b@ng Status Chart vo PLC. Force (Debug menu): C1Lng b?c d7 li u PLC Unforce For (Debug menu): GL bP c1Lng b?c d7 li u PLC
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Unforce All (Debug menu): GL bP t)t c@ cc c1Lng b?c trong b@ng Status Chart. Read All Forced (Debug menu): D]c t)t c@ cc gi trF c1Lng b?c trong Status Chart.
6.4.3
T7o m1t dD n STEP 7-Micro/WIN

6.4.3.1 T7o dD n mIi D' t.o m,t d6 n m3i trong STEP 7-Micro/Win, ch]n menu File > New ho>c bi'u t1Bng trong toolbar &' mE h,p tho.i "New" cho php t.o m3i m,t d6 n (project). Trong thanh ch?c nRng, b)m vo bi'u t1Bng , ho>c vo menu View > Component > Program Editor &' mE mn hnh so.n th@o
Hnh 6.5: Y!Kng d^n vo mn hnh so@n th>o ch!:ng trnh. ch14ng trnh (hnh 6.5).
Cang trong menu View, ta c th' ch]n ngn ng7 lQp trnh l STL, Ladder hay FBD theo mong mu/n.
D' so.n th@o b@ng k hi u cho cc &Fa chH ta b)m vo bi'u t1Bng trong thanh ch?c nRng, ho>c vo menu View > Component > symbol Table. Sau & c th' &>t k hi u cho cc &Fa chH nh1 trnh by E mOc 6.4.1.3. PhJn chi tiAt sj &1Bc trnh by trong ch14ng php ton nhF phn. 6.4.3.2 L#u dD n D' l1u d6 n, nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng , ho>c vo menu File > Save. C0a sK mn hnh xu)t hi n nh1 hnh 6.6. Ch]n th1 mOc cJn ch?a d6 n, &>t tn d6 n v nh)p chu,t vo tho Save &' l1u d6 n
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Th1 mOc ch?a d6 n Tn d6 n
Hnh 6.6: C[a sZ mn hnh l!u d n

6.4.3.3 MN m1t dD n , ho>c D' mE m,t d6 n &ang c sSn, nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng vo menu File > Open. C0a sK mn hnh xu)t hi n nh1 hnh 6.7. Ch]n th1 mOc ch?a ch14ng trnh cJn mE, ch]n tn d6 n v sau & nh)p chu,t vo tho Open.
Th1 mOc ch?a d6 n D6 n cJn mE
Hnh 6.7: C[a sZ mn hnh chGa d n c6n mH
6.4.4
Th# viGn
Th1 vi n (Libraries) &1Bc s0 dOng &' l1u tr7 cc kh/i ch14ng trnh con c truy$n tham s/ &1Bc s0 dOng &' lQp trnh. Cc kh/i c th' copy vo trong
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m,t th1 vi n tU m,t d6 n c sSn ho>c chng c th' &1Bc t.o ra tr6c tiAp trong th1 vi n &,c lQp v3i cc d6 n. Khi ci &>t STEP 7-Micro/WIN th cc kh/i ch1a &1Bc ci &>t vo trong th1 vi n. D' ci &>t th1 vi n chu[n c th' download th1 vi n S7-200 tU trang www.siemens.com ho>c s0 dOng &â phJn m$m STEP 7--Micro/WIN Add-on: STEP 7--Micro/WIN 32 Instruction Library, V1.1 (CD-ROM). C th' chn thm ho>c xa bP b3t cc kh/i ch14ng trnh trong th1 vi n s0 dOng File > Add/Remove Libraries v sau & ch]n tho Add &' ch]n kh/i ch14ng trnh th1 vi n mong mu/n &1a vo th1 vi n. D' mE th1 vi n, vo Cy LKnh ch]n mOc Libraries, ch]n cc kh/i ch14ng trnh cJn s0 dOng. Vi c t.o thm cc kh/i ch14ng trnh con truy$n tham s/ &1Bc s0 dOng &' lm th1 vi n c th' &1Bc t.o ra tU File > Create Library v ch]n ch14ng trnh con cJn lm th1 vi n.
6.4.5
HG th;ng trL gip trong STEP 7-Micro/WIN
Tr1Zng hBp g>p kh khRn trong lQp trnh cang nh1 cJn tm hi'u r h4n v$ m,t thng tin no & trong phJn m$m ta c th' s0 dOng cng cO trB gip. C nhi$u cch khc nhau &' mE trB gip: 1. S0 dOng menu Help > Contents and Index &' kch ho.t trB gip chung. 2. S0 dOng phm F1 &' trB gip theo ng7 c@nh v3i &/i t1Bng &1Bc ch]n.
Hnh 6.8: Mn hnh trA gip Th_ Content: Hi'n thF danh sch cc ch; &$ trB gip
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Th_ Index: Cho php truy cQp thng tin trB gip b9ng vi c hi'n thF danh sch cc thuQt ng7 theo th? t6 alphabe. Th_ Find: Cho php tm kiAm cc tU cO th' v thuQt ng7 trong ch; &$ trB gip.
Khi nh)p chu,t vo cc tU &1Bc nKi ln c mu xanh v g.ch chn (hotwords) sj xu)t hi n cc trB gip chi tiAt h4n.
6.4.6
Xa b1 nhI CPU
Khi xa PLC th PLC ph@i &>t E chA &, STOP v reset PLC theo chu[n nh my, ngo.i trU &Fa chH PLC, t/c &, truy$n, v &=ng h= thZi gian (time-ofdate clock). D' xa ch14ng trnh trong PLC th6c hi n nh1 sau: 1. Ch]n PLC > Clear... th h,p tho.i Clear xu)t hi n 2. Ch]n t)t c@ cc mOc ch)p nhQn b9ng cch nh)p OK. 3. NAu & c password trong b, nh3 PLC th h,p tho.i yu cJu password xu)t hi n. D' xa password th nhQp CLEARPLC vo h,p tho.i v tiAp tOc ho.t &,ng xa t)t c@.
6.4.7
MN m1t dD n /ang tAn t7i sbn
ME m,t d6 n t=n t.i (tQp tin c phJn mE r,ng .mwp) hay thnh phJn c;a d6 n v bCt &Ju m,t phJn so.n th@o m3i b9ng cch s0 dOng cc ph14ng php sau: 1. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Open Project 2. Ch]n menu l nh File > Open. 3. qn tK hBp phm Ctrl+O 4. ME Windows Explorer v nh)p &p chu,t v tQp tin c phJn mE r,ng .mwp. 5. ME m,t thnh phJn d6 n b9ng cch nh)p chu,t ph@i vo cc ghi ch trong cy l nh (Instruction Tree). Ch]n Open &' mE. D' mE cc d6 n &1Bc t.o v3i cc phin b@n tr13c Micro/WIN hay STEP 7-Micro/DOS th nh)p chu,t vo Open File>Open v ch]n tQp tin mong mu/n. Ch : - D6 n & t.o b9ng cc phin b@n tr13c c;a STEP 7-Micro/WIN hay STEP 7-Micro/DOS c th' ch?a m,t hay nhi$u c)u trc logic m STEP 7Micro/WIN, Version 3.0 v cao h4n khng hW trB. D' mE &1Bc d6 n, ta ph@i s0 dOng phin b@n ca & t.o d6 n v l1u l.i d6 n theo th; tOc sau: 1. Chuy'n mn hnh so.n th@o sang STL. c;a STEP 7hay ch]n .
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2. TCt &Fa chH theo k hi u. 3. L1u tQp tin d6 n. - Ch14ng trnh & t.o v3i STEP 7-Micro/WIN V3.1 SP1 s0 dOng l nh AND c ng vo &4n E FBD, v &1Bc l1u &' xem E FBD, th khng th' mE &1Bc v3i STEP 7-Micro/WIN V3.1. D' mE cc d6 n ny v3i STEP 7Micro/WIN V3.1, d6 n tr13c tin nn &1Bc chuy'n sang &' xem E STL v l1u l.i E d.ng ny. - Khng th' s0 dOng l nh Open &' mE m,t d6 n trong PLC; Cc tQp tin d6 n chH c th' mE &1Bc nAu n &1Bc l1u tr7 trn PC ho>c PG (thiAt bF lQp trnh) - V3i phJn m$m STEP-7 Micro/WIN mWi lJn mE chH &1Bc m,t d6 n. V vQy mu/n mE 2 d6 n t.i cng m,t thZi &i'm th ph@i ch.y hai lJn STEP-7 Micro/WIN. Khi mE hai d6 n, ta c th' copy cc phJn t0 ch14ng trnh lkn nhau.
6.4.8
K:t n;i truy,n thng S7-200 vIi thi:t b> l2p trnh
D' kAt n/i truy$n thng S7-200 v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh th cJn ph@i c cp kAt n/i (xem ch14ng 4). Vi c kAt n/i truy$n thng th6c hi n theo cc b13c sau: 1. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng communication trong thanh ch?c nRng hay vo View > Component > Communications.
Hnh 6.9: Mn hnh thi8t l1p truy/n thng 2. Ki'm tra xem &Fa chH c;a cp PC/PPI trong h,p tho.i c &1Bc &>t l 0 ch1a? Th1Zng m>c &Fnh l 0.
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Chu Ch YGc
3. Ki'm tra tham s/ m.ng (Network Parameters) v t/c &, truy$n (Transmission Rate) c &ng ch1a. NAu ch1a &ng th nh)p chu,t vo tho PLC. &' thiAt lQp l.i giao tiAp gi7a PC v
4. Nh)p &p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng &' tm tr.m S7-200 v m,t bi'u t1Bng CPU cho tr.m S7-200 &1Bc kAt n/i sj &1Bc hi'n thF (v dO bi'u t1Bng ).
5. Ch]n S7-200 v nh)p OK. NAu STEP 7--Micro/WIN khng tm ra CPU S7-200, ki'm tra vi c &>t chHnh cc tham s/ truy$n thng v l>p l.i b13c ny. 6. Sau khi & thiAt lQp truy$n thng v3i S7-200, ta c th' sSn sng t.o v download ch14ng trnh vo CPU.
6.4.9
T8i dD n td PLC
C th' s0 dOng bi'u t1Bng trn toolbar ho>c menu File &' t@i (upload) ch14ng trnh tU PLC v$ my tnh khi s0 dOng phJn m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN. CJn l1u l PLC & &1Bc kAt n/i truy$n thng v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh. 6.4.9.1 T8i m1t kh;i hoKc ba kh;i C th' t@i kh/i ch14ng trnh (OB1, ch14ng trnh con, ch14ng trnh ngCt), System Block, v Data Block hay ch]n l6a m,t trong ba kh/i ny tU PLC v$ my tnh. Ch14ng trnh trong PLC khng ch?a cc &Fa chH k hi u hay thng tin status chart. Do &, ta khng th' t@i m,t b@ng Symbol Table hay Status Chart. 6.4.9.2 T8i vo m1t dD n mIi hoKc dD n reng D' t@i ch14ng trnh v$ my tnh th m,t cch khng lm @nh h1Eng &An cc ch14ng trnh &ang mE l &ng n l.i v t.o m,t d6 n m3i, v d6 n m3i l rWng nn khng th' v tnh ph h;y d7 li u. Dy l cch th?c an ton &' l)y kh/i ch14ng trnh, system block ho>c thng tin data block. NAu mu/n l)y s0 dOng b@ng k hi u (symbol table) ho>c status chart & &1Bc t.o cho d6 n ny, th c th' mE d6 n ca E mn hnh STEP 7-Micro/WIN khc v copy cc thng tin ny vo d6 n &1Bc upload v$. 6.4.9.3 T8i vo m1t dD n tAn t7i Dy l m,t cch &' viAt & t)t c@ cc phJn c;a ch14ng trnh hi n hnh b9ng ch14ng trnh & &1Bc n.p vo PLC tr13c &. 6.4.9.4 ThJ t%c t8i dD n td PLC v, thi:t b> l2p trnh D' th6c hi n t@i, th6c hi n cc b13c sau:
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1. Trong STEP 7-Micro/WIN mE m,t d6 n &' gi7 cc kh/i sj &1Bc upload tU PLC. NAu mu/n upload vo m,t d6 n rWng, ch]n File > New ho>c s0 dOng bi'u t1Bng New Project trn toolbar.
NAu mu/n upload vo m,t d6 n t=n t.i, ch]n File > Open ho>c s0 dOng bi'u t1Bng Open Project trn toolbar. trn
2. Ch]n File > Upload ho>c s0 dOng bi'u t1Bng Upload toolbar &' khEi &,ng qu trnh upload.
3. H,p tho.i Upload xu)t hi n &' yu cJu ch]n cc kh/i: program block, data block, and system block. Hy ch]n cc kh/i mu/n Upload, v sau & nh)p OK.
Hnh 6.10: H$p tho@i Upload 4. STEP 7-Micro/WIN hi'n thF ch sau:
Hnh 6.11: Ch khi upload tM PLC v/ thi8t bU l1p trnh Nh)n Yes &' ch)p nhQn vi c upload. STEP 7-Micro/WIN hi'n thF m,t thng bo khi upload cc kh/i thnh cng tU PLC v$ thiAt bF lQp trnh ho>c my tnh PC. 6.4.10 N7p (download) m1t dD n vo PLC Khi cho php kAt n/i truy$n thng gi7a PC v PLC, ta c th' download ch14ng trnh vo PLC. CJn l1u r9ng khi download m,t program block, data block hay system block vo PLC th n,i dung c;a cc kh/i &1Bc download vo sj viAt & ln cc kh/i hi n hnh trong PLC. Cc b13c th6c hi n nh1 sau:
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1. Tr13c khi download vo PLC, cJn ph@i ki'm tra xem PLC & E chA &, Stop ch1a thng qua &n bo STOP trn PLC. NAu cng tCc ch]n chA &, trn PLC &>t E vF tr TERM th ta c th' ch]n PLC E chA &, RUN ho>c STOP tU my lQp trnh. NAu PLC khng E chA &, STOP, th nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng STOP PLC > STOP. trong toolbar ho>c ch]n
Trong tr1Zng hBp khng dng phJn m$m th chuy'n cng tCc ch]n chA &, cho PLC v$ vF tr STOP. trong toolbar ho>c ch]n 2. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng download File > Download. H,p Download xu)t hi n. 3. Ch]n cc kh/i cJn download. Thng th1Zng l ch]n t)t c@. 4. Nh)p OK &' bCt &Ju qu trnh download. 5. NAu download thnh cng, th m,t h,p tho.i hi'n thF thng bo: Download Successful. TiAp tOc &An b13c 12. 6. NAu lo.i PLC &1Bc ch]n cho ch14ng trnh trong STEP 7/Micro/WIN khng ph hBp v3i PLC th6c tA, th m,t h,p tho.i xu)t hi n v3i thng bo: "The PLC type selected for the project does not match the remote PLC type. Continue Download?". 7. D>t l.i lo.i PLC cho ph hBp, ch]n No &' dUng tiAn trnh downoad. 8. Ch]n PLC > Type &' vo h,p tho.i ch]n lo.i PLC. 9. C th' ch]n &ng lo.i PLC theo danh sch trong mOc
c;a h,p tho.i. Ho>c nh)p chu,t vo tho &ng lo.i PLC &ang kAt n/i. &' STEP 7-Micro/WIN t6 &,ng tm
10. Nh)p OK &' ch)p nhQn lo.i PLC v &ng h,p tho.i. 11. KhEi &,ng l.i qu trnh download b9ng cch nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng download trong toolbar hay ch]n File > Download.
12. Ngay khi download thnh cng, ta ph@i chuy'n PLC tU STOP sang RUN tr13c khi PLC c th' th6c hi n ch14ng trnh. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng RUN trong toolbar hay ch]n PLC > RUN &' chuy'n
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Chu Ch YGc
PLC sang chA &, RUN khi cng tCc ch]n chA &, cho PLC &' E vF tr TERM. Tr1Zng hBp s0 dOng cng tCc th chuy'n tU vF tr STOP sang RUN.
6.4.11 Thi:t l2p c4u hnh chung cho ph@n m,m (menu option v customize)
6.4.11.1 Menu Option C th' &Fnh nghâ m,t &1Zng dkn m>c &Fnh &An m,t th1 mOc tQp tin xc &Fnh &' mE v l1u cc d6 n STEP 7-Micro/WIN. Ta s0 dOng menu l nh Tools > Options. Ngoi ra, &' truy cQp tr6c tiAp Option cho tUng thnh phJn trong cy l nh (Instruction tree) th trP chu,t vo thnh phJn mong mu/n v nh)p chu,t ph@i, sau & ch]n mOc option.
Hnh 6.12: C[a sZ Options * General Options - Th_ General: Ch]n tho ny &' l6a ch]n Program Editor, Mnemonic Set, Programming Mode, Language, v Regional Settings(Measurement System, Time Format, and Date Format) m>c &Fnh. - Th_ Defaults: Ch]n tho ny &' &>t vF tr tQp tin v lo.i PLC m>c &Fnh cho cc d6 n m3i. Ta cang c th' ch]n &' thm System Symbol Table cho t)t c@ cc d6 n m3i. - Th_ Colors: Ch]n tho ny &' gn Font v Color cho cc c0a sK khc nhau. * Program Editor Options
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Chu Ch YGc
- Th_ Program Editor: Ch]n tho ny &' &Fnh kch th13c, hi'n thF v font c;a c0a sK so.n th@o ch14ng trnh. Ch]n tr.ng thi hi'n thF bn trong hay bn ngoi l nh. C)u hnh &Fa chH theo k hi u. Ta cang c th' ch]n &' cho php so.n th@o ton t0 sau khi &>t m,t l nh v &Fnh d.ng t6 &,ng b)t k` m l nh STL &1Bc nhQp vo. - Th_ STL Status: Ch]n tho ny &' ty biAn cch th?c m Program Status &1Bc trnh di\n E STL. Ta c th' thay &Ki cc &>t chHnh sau: Watch Values, Operands, Logic Stack, Instruction Status Bits. * Other Options - Th_ Symbol Table: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch th13c c;a b@ng k hi u (symbol table). Ta c th' ch]n &' hi'n thF cc k hi u trng nhau, khng &1Bc s0 dOng. - Th_ Status Chart: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch th13c c;a status chart. Cang c th' thiAt lQp vi c &Fnh &Fa chH theo k hi u. - Th_ Data Block: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch th13c v &, r,ng c;a data block. - Th_ Cross Reference: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch th13c c;a b@ng cross reference. Cang c th' thiAt lQp vi c &Fnh &Fa chH theo k hi u. - Th_ Output Window: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch th13c c;a output window. - Th_ Instruction Tree: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch th13c c;a Instruction Tree (cy l nh). Ta cang c th' ch]n &' cho php t6 &,ng xAp l.i c;a instruction tree. - Th_ Navigation Bar: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch th13c c;a navigation bar. - Th_ Print: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch th13c c;a cc d6 n mu/n in. 6.4.11.2 Menu Custommize Menu custommize cho php ta thay &Ki s6 xu)t hi n n,i dung trong toolbar v thm vo cc cng cO &1Bc s0 dOng th1Zng xuyn vo menu Tools.
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Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 6.13: C[a sZ custommize. Ch]n menu l nh Tools > Customize &' thiAt lQp cc l6a ch]n sau: - Th_ Commands: Cho php thay &Ki s6 xu)t hi n cc n,i dung c;a toolbars. - Th_ Add-On Tools: Cho php thm vo cc cng cO &1Bc s0 dOng th1Zng xuyn vo menu Tools. * Thay 'Vi sL xuWt hiKn: - Ch]n Show Tooltips nAu mu/n cc nt nh)n hi'n thF cc thng tin v$ n khi con trP chu,t dUng trn nt nh)n. - Ch]n Show Flat Buttons nAu mu/n cc nt nh)n xu)t hi n E d.ng phpng thay v xu)t hi n E d.ng 3-D. * Di chuy*n mSt nt nhWn: - Ch]n m,t toolbar tU h,p danh sch Category &' hi'n thF cc nt nh)n c;a toolbar &. D' di chuy'n m,t nt nh)n tU toolbar m>c &Fnh sang toolbar khc, th ch]n tn c;a toolbar ch?a nt nh)n cJn di chuy'n tU h,p danh sch Category. Ko nt nt nh)n mong mu/n trong vng nt nh)n ra vng toolbar &' thm n vo toolbar. - D' lo.i bP m,t nt nh)n trn toolbar, ko nt nh)n trn toolbar v bP vo vng nt nh)n c;a h,p tho.i Customize.
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* Th_ Add-On Tools: Thm m,t cng cO vo menu Tools. D>c &i'm ny &1Bc d6 &Fnh &' tiAt ki m thZi gian &/i v3i cc cng cO &1Bc s0 dOng th1Zng xuyn. D' thm m,t cng cO, nh)p vo tho Add-On Tools, nh)p vo nt , v &i$n vo cc vng E d13i:
B)t k` l nh &1Bc yu cJu &1Bc bCt &Ju v kAt thc bEi d)u ngo>c kp khi nhQp vo vng command(v dO: "xxx xxx"). - Menu Text: Ch]n m,t tn &' nhQn d.ng cng cO trn menu Tools. - Command: Cung c)p tn tQp tin c;a ch14ng trnh cng cO hay bat. file. - Arguments: Cung c)p cc ch; &$ dng l nh & s0 dOng bEi tQp tin *.exe. - Initial Directory: Cung c)p &1Zng dkn th1 mOc &ang mE cho cng cO. S0 dOng nt &' tm cc tQp tin v th1 mOc.
Khi thm vo m,t cng cO thnh cng, trong menu Tools xu)t hi n cng cO & thm.
6.4.12 So7n th8o ch#6ng trnh

Tr13c khi so.n th@o ch14ng trnh, cc b13c sau &y cJn ph@i hon thnh: KAt n/i gi7a PLC v my tnh KAt n/i dy &ng cc ng vo v ra v3i ngo.i vi
Tr1Zng hBp khng c PLC, th ta chH c th' so.n th@o ch14ng trnh v l1u tr7 l.i. Cn nAu mu/n ki'm tra th cJn ph@i c phJn m$m m phPng S7200. Cc b13c &' so.n th@o m,t d6 n m3i: 1. ME mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh 2. NhQp b@ng k hi u 3. NhQp ch14ng trnh 4. L1u ch14ng trnh 5. Download ch14ng trnh vo CPU. 6. D>t CPU E chA &, RUN. 7. Tm lWi v chHnh s0a ch14ng trnh. D' hi'u &1Bc phJn m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN d\ dng, chng ta nn viAt m,t v dO &4n gi@n &1Bc cho E hnh 6.14 v b@ng thiAt lQp vo/ra cho E b@ng 6.1. Do m3i bCt &Ju, ta nn viAt ch14ng trnh E d.ng LAD, r=i sau & c th' xem E d.ng FBD hay STL.
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LAD
STL
Hnh 6.14: V d) #+ so@n th>o m$t ch!:ng trnh m9i K hiKu S_Stop S_Right S_Left K1 K2 3<a ch> I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 Q0.0 Q0.1 Ch thch Nt nh)n dUng &,ng c4, th1Zng &ng (NC) Nt nh)n &,ng c4 quay ph@i, th1Zng hE (NO) Nt nh)n &,ng c4 quay tri, th1Zng hE (NO) Contactor c)p &i n &' &,ng c4 quay ph@i Contactor c)p &i n &' &,ng c4 quay tri
B>ng 6.1: B>ng xc #Unh k8t n-i dy vo/ra v9i ngo@i vi Cc b7Qc thLc hiKn: B7Qc 1: M9 mn hnh soEn thBo ch7:ng trnh
&' mE mn hnh Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Program Block so.n th@o ch14ng trnh (hnh 6.15). Ch c0a sK cy l nh (instruction tree) v vng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh. S0 dOng cy l nh &' chn cc l nh &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng LAD vo cc networks c;a mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh b9ng cch ko v th@ cc l nh tU cy l nh vo cc networks. D' c th' nhQp &Jy &; cc ch thch (comment), th cJn hi'n thF cc ch thch trong mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh. Vo View > POU Comment &' hi'n thF dng ch thch tiu &$ ch14ng trnh v View > Network comments &' hi'n thF dng ch thch c;a tUng network.
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Vng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh
Cy l nh
Hnh 6.16: Mn hnh so@n th>o ch!:ng trnh B7Qc 2: Nh#p bBng k hiKu Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Symbol Table so.n th@o b@ng k hi u (hnh 6.17). C,t k hi'u t14ng ?ng v3i c,t Symbol. C,t #Ua chW t14ng ?ng v3i c,t Address. C,t ch thch t14ng ?ng v3i c,t comment. &' mE mn hnh
NhQp cc thng tin (ch7 khng d)u) E b@ng 6.1 vo b@ng Symbol Table. V3i:
Hnh 6.17: Mn hnh so@n th>o b>ng k hi'u Sau khi nhQp xong, ta c b@ng k hi u nh1 hnh 6.18.
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Hnh 6.18: B>ng k hi'u cc ph6n t[ trong ch!:ng trnh Trong qu trnh lQp trnh c th' pht sinh thm cc &Fa chH m3i. Khi pht sinh thm &Fa chH m3i, ta nn bK sung &Fa chH & vo trong b@ng k hi u &' d\ dng cho qu trnh tm v x0 l lWi sau ny. B7Qc 3: Nh#p ch7:ng trnh
Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Program Block so.n th@o ch14ng trnh (hnh 6.15). Nh1p Network 1: Dong co quay phai
&' mE l.i mn hnh
Khi )n nt nh)n S_Right (I0.1), th tiAp &i'm I0.1 &ng, nt nh)n S_Stop l th1Zng &ng nn ng vo I0.0 lun lun c &i n hay tiAp &i'm I0.0 cang &ng, v bnh th1Zng ng ra Q0.1 cang khng c &i n (0) nn tiAp &i'm ny cang &ng. KAt hBp 3 tiAp &i'm ny sj c dng &i n cung c)p cho cu,n dy Q0.0 (n/i v3i K1). Contactor K1 c &i n &ng tiAp &i'm &,ng l6c c;a n &' c)p ngu=n cho &,ng c4 quay ph@i. TiAp &i'm Q0.0 (song song I0.1) &ng duy tr dng cung c)p cho Q0.0 khi nt nh)n S_Right hE ra. NhQp cc dng ch thch nh1 & cho trong hnh 6.14. NhQp cc tiAp &i'm nh1 sau: 1. Nh)p &p chu,t vo hnh t1Bng Bit Logic ho>c nh)p chu,t vo d)u c,ng (+) E c0a sK cy l nh &' hi'n thF cc l nh trong bit logic. 2. Ch]n tiAp &i'm Normally Open . 3. Gi7 chu,t tri v ko tiAp &i'm vo network &Ju tin. 4. Nh)p chu,t vo ??? trn tiAp &i'm v nhQp vo &Fa chH: I0.1 v sau & nh)n phm Enter. 5. T14ng t6 tU b13c 2 &An b13c 4 nhQp &Fa chH I0.0 6. Ch]n tiAp &i'm Normally Closed v sau & nhQp vo &Fa chH Q0.1
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7. Ch]n cu,n dy Output
v nhQp vo E ??? &Fa chH Q0.0
Ch : khi g cc &Fa chH I0.0, I0.1, Q0.0, Q0.1 c th' ta sj nhQn &1Bc kAt qu@ l cc &Fa chH theo k hi u. D' hi n l.i cc &Fa chH tuy t &/i ta bP kch ho.t View > Symbolic Addressing. R_ nhnh Network 1. gi7 chu,t tri v ko 1. T14ng ch]n tiAp &i'm Normally Open tiAp &i'm vo vF tr con trP chu,t (hnh 6.18) v &>t tn Q0.0.
Hnh 6.18: R_ nhnh network 2. D' con trP chu,t E vF tr nh1 hnh 6.19a v nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng line up &' kAt thc (hnh 6.19b).
(a) Hnh 6.19: R_ nhnh network NhQp network 2: Dong co quay trai T14ng t6 nh1 network 1. B7Qc 4: L7u ch7:ng trnh
(b)
Sau khi nhQp hai network l nh, ta & nhQp xong ch14ng trnh. Khi l1u ch14ng trnh, ta t.o m,t d6 n bao g=m lo.i CPU S7-200 v cc tham s/ khc. D' l1u m,t d6 n, th6c hi n nh1 sau: 1. Ch]n File > Save As 2. NhQp vo tn c;a d6 n trong h,p tho.i Save As
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3. Nh)p OK &' l1u d6 n. B7Qc 5: Download ch7:ng trnh vo CPU Sau khi l1u d6 n, ta c th' download ch14ng trnh vo S7-200. MWi d6 n &1Bc lin kAt v3i m,t lo.i CPU (CPU 221, CPU 222, CPU 224, CPU 224XP, ho>c CPU 226). NAu ki'u d6 n khng ph hBp v3i CPU &ang kAt n/i, th STEP 7--Micro/WIN bo lWi khng t14ng thch v cc &1Zng dkn &' ta tiAp tOc cng vi c. NAu &i$u ny x@y ra, ch]n Continue Download. Th6c hi n download ch14ng trnh nh1 sau: 1. 2. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Download trn toolbar ho>c ch]n File > Download &' download ch14ng trnh. Nh)p OK &' download cc phJn t0 ch14ng trnh vo S7-200. NAu S7-200 E chA &, RUN, m,t h,p tho.i xu)t hi n yu cJu b.n &>t S7200 E chA &, STOP. Nh)p chu,t vo Yes &' &>t S7-200 E chA &, STOP.
B7Qc 6: 3Ut S7-200 9 chM 'S RUN D/i v3i phJn m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN &' &>t CPU S7-200 vo chA &, RUN, th cng tCc ch]n chA &, c;a S7-200 ph@i &1Bc &>t E vF tr TERM ho>c RUN. Khi &>t S7-200 E chA &, RUN, th S7-200 th6c hi n ch14ng trnh: 1. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng RUN RUN. trn toolbar ho>c ch]n PLC >
2. Nh)p OK chuy'n chA &, ho.t &,ng c;a S7-200. 3. Khi S7-200 &i vo chA &, RUN th &n RUN trn PLC sng. B7Qc 7: Tm l[i v ch>nh sJa ch7:ng trnh Sau khi CPU & E chA &, RUN, ta c th' ki'm tra l.i ch14ng trnh b9ng cch )n cc nt nh)n S_Right, S_Stop, S_Left v quan st cc &n LED Q0.0 v Q0.1. NAu )n nt nh)n S_Right, th &n LED Q0.0 sng. qn nt S_Stop, th &n LED Q0.0 tCt. qn nt S_Left, th &n Q0.1 sng. qn nt S_Stop, th &n LED Q0.1 tCt. NAu vi c ki'm tra khng &.t &1Bc kAt qu@ nh1 m t@, th c th' gim st ch14ng trnh b9ng cch ch]n Debug > Program Status ho>c nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng . D6a vo tr.ng thi c;a cc tiAp &i'm v cc cu,n dy trong ch14ng trnh m c th' tm ra cc lWi v chHnh s0a cho ph hBp v3i yu cJu cng ngh .
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D' dUng ch14ng trnh, &>t S7-200 v$ chA &, STOP b9ng cch nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng STOP ho>c ch]n PLC > STOP.
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7 Cc php ton logic
Cc php ton logic
7.1
Ngan x:p (logic stack) trong S7-200
Trong cc CPU S7-200 c m,t ngRn xAp g=m 9 bit, chng &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc cu l nh m d7 li u l d.ng bit. Khi viAt ch14ng trnh d.ng STL th ng1Zi lQp trnh cJn hi'u r v$ ph14ng th?c ho.t &,ng c;a cc bit trong ngRn xAp. NgRn xAp logic l m,t kh/i g=m 9 bit ch=ng ln nhau. T)t c@ cc thuQt ton lin quan &An ngRn xAp &$u chH lm vi c v3i bit &Ju tin ho>c v3i bit &Ju v bit th? hai c;a ngRn xAp. Gi trF logic m3i &$u c th' &1Bc g0i (ho>c &1Bc n/i thm) vo ngRn xAp. Khi ph/i hBp hai bit &Ju tin c;a ngRn xAp, th ngRn xAp sj &1Bc ko ln m,t bit. NgRn xAp v tn c;a tUng bit trong ngRn xAp &1Bc bi'u di\n d13i &y: S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Stack 0 bit &Ju tin hay bit trn cng c;a ngRn xAp. Stack 1 bit th? hai c;a ngRn xAp. Stack 2 bit th? ba c;a ngRn xAp. Stack 3 bit th? t1 c;a ngRn xAp. Stack 4 bit th? nRm c;a ngRn xAp. Stack 5 bit th? su c;a ngRn xAp. Stack 6 bit th? b@y c;a ngRn xAp. Stack 7 bit th? tm c;a ngRn xAp. Stack 8 bit th? chn c;a ngRn xAp.
Trong 9 Stack, th Stack 0 l ngRn xAp quan tr]ng nh)t. Gi trF logic c;a n sj l kAt qu@ c;a php ton logic. Hay ni khc &i, sau m,t php ton logic nhF phn th kAt qu@ c;a php ton sj &1Bc l1u E Stack 0. NAu gi trF logic E Stack 0 c gi trF l 0 th kAt qu@ thu &1Bc l 0, t14ng t6 nAu c gi trF l 1 th kAt qu@ thu &1Bc l 1. Ngoi ra gi trF logic 1 c;a Stack 0 cn l &i$u ki n bCt bu,c cho vi c thi hnh &/i v3i m,t s/ l nh.
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7.2 Cc php ton logic c6 b8n

Trong phJn ny trnh by cc php ton &/i v3i d7 li u l bit. Tr13c tin l phJn l thuyAt sau & t3i v dO v ch14ng trnh. CPU s0 dOng trong cc v dO l lo.i DC/DC/DC (ngu=n cung c)p cho ng vo, ra v CPU l 24Vdc). V phJn so.n th@o ch14ng trnh & &1Bc trnh by E ch!:ng 6, nn trong phJn ny khng trnh by l.i. B.n &]c c th' xem m)c 6.4.12 cCa ch!:ng 6 &' th6c hi n cho cc v dO E ch14ng ny v cc ch14ng tiAp theo. Ch14ng ny ch; yAu trnh by v$ cc php ton lin quan &An bit hay cn g]i l php ton nhF phn. V vQy khi viAt ch14ng trnh, ta chH l)y cc phJn t0 trong bit logic ( ) c;a cy l nh.
7.2.1 Php ton AND

Php ton AND &1Bc s0 dOng khi c yu cJu &i$u khi'n l tr.ng thi c;a 2 hay nhi$u tn hi u #Dng thKi x@y ra th sj th6c hi n m,t nhi m vO &i$u khi'n no &. V dO 7.1: Dn H1 sj sng nAu &=ng thZi c@ 2 cng tCc S1 v S2 E tr.ng thi &ng m.ch. Dn tCt khi 1 trong 2 cng tCc hE m.ch.
S1 S2 24V
S1
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 ... M
S2
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2
PLC
Q0.3 ... L
H1
H1
24V
a) Hnh 7.1
b) Lin k8t AND: a) S: #D m@ch #i'n, b) N-i dy v9i ng vo/ra PLC
+ LQp b@ng k hi u m t@ tn v &Fa chH c;a biAn (so.n th@o b9ng cch mE mOc Symbol Table trong phJn m$m so.n th@o):
Hnh 7.2 B>ng k hi'u
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Ch14ng trnh: LAD FBD STL
Hnh 7.3 Ch!:ng trnh #!Ac bi+u di`n H 3 d@ng LAD, FBD v STL.
7.2.2 Php ton OR

Php ton OR sj &1Bc s0 dOng khi tr.ng thi c;a m,t trong hai (ho>c nhi$u) tn hi u thPa mn &i$u ki n c;a yu cJu &i$u khi'n th sj th6c hi n m,t nhi m vO &i$u khi'n no &. V dO 7.2: C 2 cng tCc S3 v S4 &$u l th1Zng hE. Hy viAt ch14ng trnh sao cho nAu m,t trong 2 cng tCc &ng l.i th &n H2 sj sng. Dn tCt khi c@ 2 cng tCc &$u mE.
S3 S4 24V
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
...
PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 ... L
H1
24V
a) Hnh 7.4
b) Lin k8t OR: a) S: #D m@ch #i'n, b) N-i dy v9i ng vo/ra PLC,
LAD
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.5 B>ng k hi'u v ch!:ng trnh lin k8t OR
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7.2.3
T( hLp cc c(ng AND v OR
Trong th6c tA, cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n phO thu,c vo m,t tK hBp cc lin kAt logic AND v OR. Ty theo lin kAt no &?ng tr13c m sj c cc l nh E STL khc nhau. 7.2.3.1 AND tr#Ic OR D' th6c hi n php OR hai lin kAt AND l.i v3i nhau th trong ch14ng trnh viAt E d.ng STL ph@i s0 dOng thm l nh OLD. V dO 7.3:
a) c)ch14ng trnh LAD
b)
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.6 AND tr!9c OR: a) M@ch #i'n, b) N-i dy v9i PLC, c) Ch!:ng trnh 7.2.3.2 OR tr#Ic AND D' th6c hi n php AND hai lin kAt OR l.i v3i nhau th trong ch14ng trnh viAt E d.ng STL ph@i s0 dOng thm l nh ALD.
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V dO 7.4:
a) c) Ch14ng trnh LAD
b) FBD STL
Hnh 7.7 OR tr!9c AND: a) M@ch #i'n, b) N-i dy v9i PLC, c) Ch!:ng trnh
7.2.4
Php ton XOR
Php ton XOR &1Bc s0 dOng khi c 2 tn hi u m nAu chng c cng tr.ng thi th ng ra sj xu/ng m?c 0 cn nAu 2 tn hi u ny khc tr.ng thi th ng ra sj ln m?c 1. V dO 7.5: m s4 &= hnh 7.8a, mWi m,t nt nh)n &1Bc gCn 2 tiAp &i'm (1NO v 1NC), khi tc &,ng nt nh)n th c@ 2 tiAp &i'm ny tc &,ng theo. Dn sng nAu tc &,ng chH m,t trong hai cng tCc S1 ho>c S2. B>ng k hi'u
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S1
S2
H1
a) Hnh 7.8 Lin k8t XOR LAD
b) a) S: #D m@ch #i'n, b) K8t n-i v9i PLC STL
FBD
Hnh 7.9
Ch!:ng trnh lin k8t XOR
7.3 XH l cc ti:p /i0m, c8m bi:n /#Lc n;i vIi ng vo PLC

M,t v)n &$ quan tr]ng &/i v3i ng1Zi m3i lm quen v3i ch14ng trnh PLC l vi c xc &Fnh &ng tr.ng thi cc lo.i tiAp &i'm &1Bc viAt E LAD. D>c bi t l cc tiAp &i'm ng vo. Cc c@m biAn, cng tCc ho>c nt nh)n th1Zng c hai d.ng l th!Kng #ng (NC), ho>c th!Kng hH (NO). V cc ng vo s/ &1Bc n/i v3i cc &/i t1Bng ny nn cc tiAp &i'm trong ch14ng trnh, ty theo tr1Zng hBp, cang sj c d.ng t14ng ?ng. Tuy nhin, &' d\ dng phn bi t ta khng nn g]i cc tiAp &i'm trong ch14ng trnh l th1Zng &ng ho>c th1Zng mE. Qui 13c &>t tn cho cc tiAp &i'm trong ch14ng trnh nh1 sau: TiAp &i'm TiAp &i'm : D1Bc g]i l ti8p #i+m khng #>o tr@ng thi tn hi'u : D1Bc g]i l ti8p #i+m #>o tr@ng thi tn hi'u.
D' r h4n tr.ng thi cc tiAp &i'm &1Bc n/i v3i ng vo s/ v kAt qu@ x0 l ch14ng trnh trong PLC, ta xem b@ng 7.1. TU b@ng ny, ta c m,t s/ nhQn xt nh1 sau: 1. Ng vo c logic 1 khi ng vo c #i'n p.
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2. N8u ng vo #!Ac n-i v9i ti8p #i+m th!Kng #ng (NC), th ng vo H tr@ng thi bnh th!Kng lun c #i'n (#n LED bo ng vo t!:ng Gng sng). N chW bU m7t #i'n n8u ti8p #i+m NC bU tc #$ng. 3. N8u ng vo #!Ac n-i v9i ti8p #i+m th!Kng hH (NO), th ng vo H tr@ng thi bnh th!Kng khng c #i'n (#n LED bo ng vo t!:ng Gng tEt). N chW c #i'n khi tc #$ng ti8p #i+m NO. 4. N8u s[ d)ng ti8p #i+m khng #>o tr@ng thi tn hi'u , th k8t qu> x[ l trong ch!:ng trnh c cng trEng thi logic v9i ng vo. , th k8t qu> x[ l 5. N8u s[ d)ng ti8p #i+m #>o tr@ng thi tn hi'u trong ch!:ng trnh c trEng thi logic ng7\c v9i ng vo. 6. Khng #!Ac thay ty ti'n ti8p #i+m th!Kng hH (NO) bPng ti8p #i+m trong ch!:ng trnh, c4ng nh! ti8p #i+m th!Kng #ng (NC) bPng ti8p #i+m
B1 t7o tn hiGu nh> phn C 8m bi:n, nt nh4n l m1t C 8m bi:n , nt nh4n b> tc &,ng c 1 LAD: khng tc &,ng 1 LAD: 0 iGn p t7i ng vo PLC Tr7ng thi tn hiGu t7i ng vo
. M ph>i ch #8n yu c6u cng ngh' #Tt ra.

ThDc hiGn trong ch#6ng trnh PLC Ki0m tra cho tr7ng Ki0m tra cho tr7ng thi tn hiGu 0 thi tn hiGu 1 K hiGu/lGnh K :t qu8 ki0m tra K hiGu/lGnh K :t qu8 ki0m tra
NO
khng
tiAp &i'm khng &@o
tiAp &i'm &@o
tc &,ng khng 0
FBD: 0
FBD: 1
NC
khng tc &,ng c 1 STL: LD Ix.y 1 STL: LDN Ix.y 0
B>ng 7.1 Tr@ng thi cc ti8p #i+m v x[ l trong ch!:ng trnh PLC
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V dO sau &y sj lm sng tP h4n v$ vi c x0 l cc tiAp &i'm n/i v3i ng V dO 7.6: Trong 3 m.ch d13i &y (hnh 7.10), &n H1 sj sng khi )n nt nh)n S1 v khng )n nt nh)n S2. TU v dO ta nhQn th)y d ng vo &1Bc n/i v3i lo.i nt nh)n no cang vkn c th' lQp ch14ng trnh &' thPa mn &1Bc yu cJu &>t ra. Tuy nhin vi c s0 dOng cc tiAp &i'm th1Zng mE ho>c th1Zng &ng trong qu trnh &i$u khi'n phO thu,c vo cc qui tCc an ton. Cc tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng lun lun &1Bc s0 dOng cho cng tCc hnh trnh v cng tCc an ton, &' kh/ng chA s6 nguy hi'm nAu dy &i n bF &?t trong m.ch &i n c@m biAn. Cc tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng cang &1Bc dng &' tCt my v l do t14ng t6 nh1 trn.
Hardware S1 E I0.0
PLC
S2 EI0.1 Q0.0 H1
S1 E I0.0
PLC
S2 EI0.1 Q0.0 H1 E I0.0
S1
S2 EI0.1
PLC
Q0.0 H1
Software
LAD
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.10: V d) x[ l cc lo@i ti8p #i+m.
7.4 V d% "ng d%ng cc lin k:t logic

PhJn ny trnh by m,t s/ v dO ?ng dOng nhP s0 dOng cc lin kAt logic. m m,t s/ v dO c trnh by m.ch &i$u khi'n thng th1Zng v3i ki'u n/i dy khi khng dng PLC &' chng ta th)y s6 gi/ng nhau v khc nhau gi7a 2 ki'u &i$u khi'n.
7.4.1
M7ch tD duy tr #u tin mN my
M.ch &i$u khi'n dng contactor c ch?c nRng nh3 l m.ch t6 duy tr.
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Trong tr1Zng hBp nAu c@ hai nt nh)n mE my S1 v dUng S2 cng tc &,ng m contactor c &i n th l m.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin mE my. B8ng k hiGu K hi u S1 S2 K1 DFa chH I0.0 I0.1 Q0.0 Ch thch Nt nh)n mE my, th1Zng hE (NO) Nt nh)n dUng my, th1Zng &ng (NC) Contactor
a)
b)
Hnh 7.11 M@ch !u tin mH my: a) m@ch #i/u khi+n, b) n-i dy PLC LAD FBD STL
Hnh 7.12 Ch!:ng trnh m@ch t duy tr !u tin mH my:
7.4.2
M7ch tD duy tr #u tin ddng my
Trong tr1Zng hBp nAu c@ hai nt nh)n mE my S1 v dUng S2 cng tc &,ng m contactor khng c &i n th l m.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin dUng my. B8ng k hiGu K hi'u S1 S2 K1 YUa chW I0.0 I0.1 Q0.0 Ch thch Nt nh)n mE my, th1Zng hE (NO) Nt nh)n dUng my, th1Zng &ng (NC) Contactor
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a) LAD
b) FBD STL
Hnh 7.13
M@ch !u tin dMng my: a) m@ch #i/u khi+n, b) n-i dy PLC v ch!:ng trnh
7.4.3
i,u khi0n ON/OFF /1ng c6 c chO bo
M,t &,ng c4 &i n 3 pha &1Bc &i$u khi'n b9ng m,t PLC S7-200. Khi nh)n nt S2 (th1Zng hE) th &,ng c4 sj ch.y. Khi nh)n nt S1 (th1Zng &ng) th &,ng c4 sj dUng l.i. Cc chA &, ho.t &,ng ch.y v dUng &1Bc bo b9ng 2 &n bo H1 v H2. Cc thiAt bF &,ng l6c g=m c: CJu ch 3 pha F1 CB b@o v &,ng c4 (Motor CB) Q1 Contactor K1
Khi &i$u khi'n dng PLC th m.ch &,ng l6c vkn gi7 nguyn. PhJn m.ch &i$u khi'n &1Bc biAn &Ki thnh ch14ng trnh. CJn ch r9ng cc thiAt bF &i n nh1 nt nh)n, CB, &n bo &$u gi7 nguyn khng thay &Ki. NAu ta s0 dOng PLC S7-200 lo.i DC/DC/DC th ng ra c;a PLC cJn ph@i kAt n/i v3i m,t relay trung gian K11 s0 dOng ngu=n 24Vdc. Relay ny &1Bc dng &' &ng &i n cho cu,n dy contactor K1 (hnh 7.15). Ring cc &n bo ta c th' thay thA b9ng lo.i 24Vdc nh9m tiAt ki m relay trung gian. Ch : C4ng c th+ s[ d)ng lo@i CPU DC/DC/RLY, th ng ra cCa n c th+ k8t n-i tr c ti8p v9i cu$n dy K1. (xem thm ch!:ng 5 v/ n-i dy PLC v9i ngo@i vi).
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B8ng k hiGu K hi'u S1 S2 K11 H1 H2 YUa chW I0.0 I0.1 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Ch thch Nt nh)n dUng my, th1Zng &ng (NC) Nt nh)n mE my, th1Zng hE (NO) Relay trung gian Dn bo &,ng c4 ho.t &,ng Dn bo &,ng c4 dUng
a) a) M@ch #$ng l c;
b) b) M@ch #i/u khi+n
Hnh 7.14 M@ch ON/OFF #$ng c: dng contactor.
a) Hnh 7.15: a) S: #D n-i dy PLC
b) b) N-i relay trung gian v9i contactor
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Bi'u di\n E LAD v FBD: LAD FBD
7.4.4
i,u khi0n /8o chi,u quay /1ng c6
M,t &,ng c4 &i n 3 pha cJn &1Bc &i$u khi'n &@o chi$u. Khi )n S1 (th1Zng hE) th &,ng c4 sj quay ph@i v &n H1 sng bo &,ng c4 &ang quay ph@i. Khi nh)n nt S2 (th1Zng hE) th &,ng c4 quay tri v &n H2 sng bo &,ng c4 &ang quay tri. D,ng c4 c th' dUng b)t c? lc no nAu )n nt dUng S3 (th1Zng &ng) ho>c &,ng c4 x@y ra s6 c/ qu dng lm cho tiAp &i'm c;a thiAt bF b@o v Q1 tc &,ng (tiAp &i'm 13, 14 c;a Motor CB). Khi &,ng c4 dUng &n bo H3 sng. T14ng t6 nh1 mOc 7.4.3, ta s0 dOng PLC S7-200 lo.i DC/DC/DC, ng ra c;a PLC &i$u khi'n quay ph@i kAt n/i v3i relay trung gian K11, ng ra c;a PLC &i$u khi'n quay tri kAt n/i v3i relay trung gian K21 s0 dOng ngu=n 24Vdc. Cc relay ny &1Bc dng &' &ng &i n cho cu,n dy contactor K1 v K2 (hnh 7.17). Ring cc &n bo ta c th' thay thA b9ng lo.i 24Vdc nh9m tiAt ki m relay trung gian.
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L1
CB
7 Cc php ton logic
Q1
S1
13
13
43
43
31
S2
K1
S3
14
K2
14
K1
44
K2
44
K1
32
21
21
31
K2
22 A1
K1
22 A1
K2
32
K1
A2
K1
A2
H1
H2
H3
N Quay ph@i Quay tri Bo quay Bo quay ph@i tri Bo dUng
Hnh 7.16 K hi'u S1 S2 S3 Q1 K11 K21 H1 H2 H3

S1 S2
M@ch #$ng l c v #i/u khi+n #>o chi/u quay #$ng c: dng contactor B8ng k hiGu YUa chW Ch thch I0.0 Nt nh)n dUng my, th1Zng &ng (NC) I0.1 Nt nh)n quay ph@i, th1Zng hE (NO) I0.2 Nt nh)n quay tri, th1Zng hE (NO) I0.3 TiAp &i'm bo qu dng, th1Zng &ng (NC) Q0.0 Relay trung gian &i$u khi'n quay ph@i Q0.1 Relay trung gian &i$u khi'n quay tri Q0.2 Dn bo &,ng c4 quay ph@i Q0.3 Dn bo &,ng c4 quay tri Q0.4 Dn bo &,ng c4 dUng
S3 Q1
24V
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
...
PLC
Q0.0 K21 K11 Q0.1 K11 K21 H1 H2 H3
24V
Q0.2
Q0.3
Q0.4
...
a) Hnh 7.17
b) a) S: #D n-i dy PLC; b) N-i relay v9i contactor
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Ch : Trong cc &i$u khi'n c &@o chi$u quay th t.i cc ng ra PLC &i$u khi'n 2 chi$u quay c;a &,ng c4 ta cJn ph@i n/i thm 2 tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng kha cho nhau c;a 2 contactor (ho>c relay) &' &@m b@o an ton. Ch!:ng trnh PLC: Bi'u di\n E LAD v STL:
Bi'u di\n E FBD:
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7.5
Bit nhI M (bit memory)
Trong thiAt kA cc ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n, ta c th' c m,t s/ l1Bng l3n cc logic &1Bc lin kAt v3i nhau. V dO nh1 m.ch sau:
Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt E LAD v STL:
V3i cc lin kAt logic nh1 thA ny th vi c tm lWi r)t kh khRn. D' d\ dng h4n trong lQp trnh v tm lWi, th cc kAt qu@ trung gian sj &1Bc l1u vo m,t nh3. Trong S7-200 th cc nh3 ny l bit memory (M). Trong S7-200 c 32 byte nh3 M (tU M0.0 &An M31.7). Chng &1Bc xem nh1 l cc ng ra trung gian. Khi m)t ngu=n c)p th n,i dung &1Bc nh3 trong cc bit nh3 M c th' bF m)t ho>c vkn cn gi7 l.i ty thu,c vo vi c &>t thu,c tnh cho vng nh3 ny l retentive (nh3 lu di) hay non-retentive (khng nh3 lu di). * Bit memory c thu$c tnh Retentive: Cc bit c thu,c tnh ny &$u gi7 l.i gi trF c;a n khi ngu=n cung c)p bF m)t. Nghâ l nAu tr13c khi bF m)t &i n, nh3 M c gi trF no th n vkn gi7 nguyn gi trF & khi PLC bF m)t &i n. Cc nh3 &1Bc ?ng dOng &' nh3 cc tr.ng thi ho.t &,ng c;a my mc hay thiAt bF tr13c khi bF m)t &i n. m lJn khEi &,ng kA tiAp th cc my mc hay thiAt bF c th' tiAp tOc lm vi c t.i vF tr tr13c lc m)t &i n. Vng retentive &1Bc thiAt lQp b9ng cch nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng system Block ho>c vo menu View > Component > System Block. Ch]n mOc Retentive Ranges. NAu ch]n tho defauls th t)t c@ cc vng nh3 c thu,c tnh retentive &$u theo
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chu[n c;a nh s@n xu)t. D/i v3i vng nh3 M th bCt &Ju tU byte MB14 &An MB31. Tuy nhin chng ta vkn c th' &>t l.i theo mu/n (hnh 7.18). * Bit memory c thu$c tnh non-retentive: Gi trF cc bit ny bF xa khi PLC m)t ngu=n cung c)p. Theo chu[n nh s@n xu)t th ta c MB0 &An MB13 E thu,c tnh non-retentive.
Hnh 7.18: Mn hnh thi8t l1p retentive memory. Khi s0 dOng bit memory (M), ta c th' lm cho ch14ng trnh d\ &]c h4n. S4 &= m.ch nh1 hnh 7.19.
I0.0 I0.1 I0.1 I0.3 I0.2 I0.1 I0.2
M0.0
M0.1
I0.4 Q0.0 I0.0

M0.2
Hnh 7.19: M@ch logic #!Ac lm cho d` #3c h:n v9i bit memory. Ch14ng trnh E LAD v STL nh1 sau:
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STL:
7.6 Cc lGnh SET, RESET v m7ch nhI RS

7.6.1 LGnh SET
L nh SET (S) l l nh thng dOng r)t th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng v l nh ny &$u c trong hJu hAt cc PLC. L nh Set sj &>t tr.ng thi c;a m,t ho>c nhi$u bit (thu,c vng nh3 V, M, Q, T, C, SM, L) c &Fa chH lin tOc ln m?c 1 v duy tr E tr.ng thi ny cho &An khi bF xa b9ng m,t l nh khc. Chng ta c th' Set m,t lJn t/i &a t3i 255 bit. L nh SET chH &1Bc th6c hi n khi Stack 0 c gi trF logic 1. C php E STL: S S_Bit, n v n l s/ l1Bng bit bCt &Ju tU S_Bit. V dO: Khi tn hi u t.i I0.0 ln m?c 1 th sj set 3 bit tU Q0.0 &An Q0.2. Ch14ng trnh E 3 d.ng nh1 sau: LAD FBD STL v E LAD:
V3i S_Bit l bit &Ju tin c;a vng nh3 cJn &>t ln m?c logic 1.
Khi tn hi u t.i I0.0 xu/ng m?c 0 th 3 ng ra Q0.0, Q0.1, Q0.2 vkn duy tr E m?c 1.
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7.6.2
LGnh RESET (R)
L nh Reset (R) &>t tr.ng thi c;a m,t ho>c nhi$u bit c &Fa chH lin tOc xu/ng m?c 0. T14ng t6 nh1 l nh Set chng ta c th' Reset t3i 255 bit nh3 thu,c cc vng nh3 V, M, Q, T, C, SM, L. L nh RESET chH &1Bc th6c hi n khi Stack 0 c gi trF logic 1. C php E STL: R S_Bit, n v E LAD: V3i S_Bit l bit &Ju tin c;a vng nh3 cJn &>t xu/ng m?c logic 0. v n l s/ l1Bng bit bCt &Ju tU S_Bit. V dO: Khi tn hi u t.i I0.1 ln m?c 1 th sj reset 3 bit tU Q0.0 &An Q0.2 v$ logic 0. Ch14ng trnh E 3 d.ng nh1 sau: LAD FBD STL
7.6.3
M7ch nhI R-S
M.ch nh3 l m.ch c hai tr.ng thi Kn &Fnh v thng qua tn hi u ng vo m tr.ng thi c;a n thay &Ki. D/i v3i m.ch &i$u khi'n dng relay v contactor ta c m.ch t6 duy tr. Cn trong PLC c khu R-S (viAt tCt c;a Reset v Set). M.ch nh3 R-S l r)t cJn thiAt trong kX thuQt &i$u khi'n. N &1Bc xem l m,t ch?c nRng c4 b@n trong hJu hAt cc lo.i PLC v &1Bc chia thnh hai lo.i l: au tin SET v !u tin RESET. 7.6.3.1 Yu tin SET (khu SR) Bi'u di\n E LAD: V9i: xxx: S1: R: OUT: v FBD: SR: YUa chW c6n #i/u khi+n Ng vo Set. K hi'u !u tin Set. Ng vo Reset. Ng ra, c th+ n-i v9i m$t #Ua chW d@ng bit K hi'u gAi nh9 khu SR
NAu c@ hai &i$u ki n cho S v R ln m?c logic 1 th ng ra OUT l 1.
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B>ng s th1t S1 0 0 1 1 R 0 1 0 1 OUT Tr.ng thi tr13c 0 1 1 trong cy
D' l)y khu SR, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u c,ng c;a l nh, ch]n phJn t0 SR v ko th@ vo network mong mu/n.
Khu SR t14ng &14ng v3i m.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin mE my trong &i$u khi'n dng contactor. 7.6.3.2 Yu tin RESET (khu RS) Bi'u di\n E LAD: V9i: xxx: S: R1: v FBD: OUT: RS: YUa chW c6n #i/u khi+n Ng vo Set. Ng vo Reset. K hi'u !u tin ReSet. Ng ra, c th+ n-i v9i m$t #Ua chW d@ng bit K hi'u gAi nh9 khu RS
NAu c@ hai &i$u ki n cho S v R ln m?c logic 1 th ng ra OUT l 0. B>ng s th1t S1 0 0 1 1 R 0 1 0 1 OUT Tr.ng thi tr13c 0 1 0 trong cy
D' l)y khu RS, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u c,ng c;a l nh, ch]n phJn t0 RS v ko th@ vo network mong mu/n.
Khu RS t14ng &14ng v3i m.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin dUng my trong &i$u khi'n dng contactor.
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7.6.4
Cc qui tMc khi sH d%ng Set v Reset
Khi s0 dOng v3i cc l nh S v R trong ch14ng trnh PLC cJn ch cc qui tEc sau: Cc #i/u ki'n lm cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc tch c c (logic 1) #!Ac s[ d)ng v9i l'nh S. Cc #i/u ki'n lm cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc khng tch c c (logic 0) #!Ac s[ d)ng v9i l'nh R. Khi vi8t l'nh S cho m$t #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n th nh7t thi8t (ty theo yu c6u cng ngh') ph>i c m$t l'nh R cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n #. N8u l'nh S #!Ac vi8t tr!9c l'nh R th k8t qu> thu #!Ac sR l k8t qu> cCa l'nh R n8u c> hai #i/u ki'n cho S v R cng H mGc logic 1 ngh Na l #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc logic 0. N8u l'nh R #!Ac vi8t tr!9c l'nh S th k8t qu> thu #!Ac sR l k8t qu> cCa l'nh S n8u c> hai #i/u ki'n cho S v R cng H mGc logic 1 nghNa l #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc logic 1. Khi # vi8t ch!:ng trnh v9i l'nh S th khng #!Ac s[ d)ng ti8p #i+m t duy tr (lo@i bB ti8p #i+m t duy tr). Ty theo cng ngh' khi s[ d)ng cc #i/u ki'n cho l'nh R th H tr@ng thi bnh th!Kng cc #i/u ki'n ny ph>i c mGc logic 0.
7.6.5
V d% "ng d%ng m7ch nhI R-S
V dO 7.7 : MEch 7u tin m9 my. Yu cJu c;a m.ch 1u tin mE my nh1 E mOc 7.4.1, tuy nhin cJn ph@i s0 dOng m.ch nh3 R-S khi lQp trnh. Y+ trnh l1p l@i ta s[ d)ng l@i b>ng k hi'u v s: #D n-i dy PLC H m)c 7.4.1 Phn tch: Theo yu cJu c;a m.ch ta c cc nhQn xt sau: 1. 2. 3. 4. Di$u ki n &' cho contactor K1 c &i n l nt nh)n S1 &1Bc )n nt nh)n S1 &1Bc s0 dOng v3i l nh S. Di$u ki n &' cho contactor K1 m)t &i n l nt nh)n S2 &1Bc )n nt nh)n S2 &1Bc s0 dOng v3i l nh R. Khi c@ hai nt nh)n S1 v S2 cng )n th contactor c &i n s0 dOng m.ch nh3 #u tin SET (khu SR). Tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng c;a nt nh)n S1 l th1Zng hE (logic 0 t.i ng vo I0.0) nn khi lQp trnh s0 dOng tiAp &i'm khng &@o tr.ng thi tn hi u ( tiAp &i'm ). Cn S2 l th1Zng &ng (logic 1
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t.i ng vo I0.1) nn khi lQp trnh s0 dOng tiAp &i'm &@o tr.ng thi tn hi u (tiAp &i'm ).
Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt nh1 sau: LAD FBD STL
V dO 7.8 : MEch 7u tin d8ng my. Yu cJu c;a m.ch 1u tin dUng my nh1 E mOc 7.4.2, tuy nhin cJn ph@i s0 dOng m.ch nh3 R-S khi lQp trnh. Y+ trnh l1p l@i ta s[ d)ng l@i b>ng k hi'u v s: #D n-i dy PLC H m)c 7.4.2 Phn tch: Theo yu cJu c;a m.ch ta c cc nhQn xt sau: 1. Di$u ki n &' cho contactor K1 c &i n l nt nh)n S1 &1Bc )n nt nh)n S1 &1Bc s0 dOng v3i l nh S. 2. Di$u ki n &' cho contactor K1 m)t &i n l nt nh)n S2 &1Bc )n nt nh)n S2 &1Bc s0 dOng v3i l nh R. 3. Khi c@ hai nt nh)n S1 v S2 cng )n th contactor m)t &i n s0 dOng m.ch nh3 1u tin RESET (khu RS). 4. Tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng c;a nt nh)n S1 l th1Zng hE (logic 0 t.i ng vo I0.0) nn khi lQp trnh s0 dOng tiAp &i'm khng &@o tr.ng thi tn hi u ( tiAp &i'm ). Cn S2 l th1Zng &ng (logic 1 t.i ng vo I0.1) nn khi lQp trnh s0 dOng tiAp &i'm &@o tr.ng thi tn hi u (tiAp &i'm ).
Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt nh1 sau: LAD FBD STL
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D' &4n gi@n v d\ hi'u, v dO ny l)y l.i yu cJu cng ngh c;a m.ch &i$u khi'n &@o chi$u quay E mOc 7.4.4. Tuy nhin cJn ph@i s0 dOng m.ch nh3 R-S khi lQp trnh. Y+ trnh l1p l@i ta s[ d)ng l@i b>ng k hi'u v s: #D n-i dy PLC H m)c 7.4.4. Phn tch: Theo yu cJu cng ngh ta c cc nhQn xt sau: 1. 3,i vQi contactor K1 (&1Bc &ng &i n gin tiAp bEi K11). Yi/u ki'n Set (lm cho K1 c #i'n): Nt nh)n S2 &1Bc )n. Tuy nhin v l do an ton K2 m)t &i n m3i &1Bc php mE my nn ph@i kAt hBp thm &i$u ki n K2 m)t &i n. Set K1= S2 K 2 Yi/u ki'n Reset (lm cho K1 m7t #i'n): C 2 kh@ nRng l ho>c nt nh)n dUng S1 &1Bc )n ho>c tiAp &i'm b@o v qu dng Q1 tc &,ng. Reset K1= S1 Q1 V l do an ton, K1 bU m7t #i'n n8u #i/u ki'n SET v RESET cho n cng H logic 1 s[ d)ng khu SR.
2. 3,i vQi contactor K2 (&1Bc &ng &i n gin tiAp bEi K21) - Yi/u ki'n Set: Nt nh)n S3 &1Bc )n. Tuy nhin v l do an ton K1 m)t &i n m3i &1Bc php mE my nn ph@i kAt hBp thm &i$u ki n K1 m)t &i n. Set K2 = S3 K1 Yi/u ki'n Reset: C 2 kh@ nRng l ho>c nt nh)n dUng S1 &1Bc )n ho>c tiAp &i'm b@o v qu dng Q1 tc &,ng. Reset K2= S1 Q1 V l do an ton, K2 bU m7t #i'n n8u #i/u ki'n SET v RESET cho n cng H logic 1 s[ d)ng khu SR.
3. 3,i vQi 'n bo H1. - Yn sng khi K1 c #i'n v tEt khi K1 m7t #i'n H1=K1 4. 3,i vQi 'n bo H2 Yn sng khi K2 c #i'n v tEt khi K2 m7t #i'n. H2=K2 5. 3,i vQi 'n bo H3 Yn sng khi c> K1 v K2 m7t #i'n. H3 = K1 K2 Theo cc phn tch ta viAt &1Bc ch14ng trnh nh1 sau:
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FBD
LAD
STL
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7.7 Cc lGnh nh2n bi:t c7nh tn hiGu v lGnh NOT

Cc l nh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hi u v l nh NOT th6c hi n cc thuQt ton &>c bi t trn bit &Ju tin c;a ngRn xAp (Stack 0).
7.7.1
LGnh NOT
L nh NOT &@o gi trF c;a bit &Ju tin trong ngRn xAp (Stack 0). NAu sau m,t php ton nhF phn m s0 dOng l nh NOT th kAt qu@ sj bF &@o l.i. Nghâ l nAu kAt qu@ php ton nhF phn lm cho Stack 0 c gi trF logic 1 th l nh NOT sj cho kAt qu@ l 0, v ng1Bc l.i. - KAt hBp l nh NOT sau cc cKng logic nh1 OR, AND, XOR ta thu &1Bc cc cKng NOR, NAND, XNOR. V d): - CKng NAND v3i 2 ng vo I0.0 v I0.1 v ng ra Q0.0 l: FBD LAD STL
- CKng NOR v3i 2 ng vo I0.0 v I0.1 v ng ra Q0.0 l: LAD FBD STL
7.7.2
Cc lGnh nh2n bi:t c7nh tn hiGu
Hai l nh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hi u l l nh nhQn biAt c.nh ln (EU) v nhQn biAt c.nh xu/ng (ED). L nh nhQn biAt c.nh ln (EU) sj &>t gi trF logic 1 vo bit #6u tin cCa Stack 0 trong m$t chu kS qut ch!:ng trnh khi pht hi'n s chuy+n tr@ng thi tM 0 ln 1 trong Stack 0. Cn cc tr1Zng hBp khc n sj &>t Stack 0 v$ 0. L nh nhQn biAt c.nh xu/ng (ED) sj &>t gi trF logic 1 vo bit #6u tin cCa Stack 0 trong m$t chu kS qut ch!:ng trnh khi pht hi'n s chuy+n tr@ng thi tM 1 xu-ng 0 trong Stack 0. Cn cc tr1Zng hBp khc n sj &>t Stack 0 v$ 0. V d): L)y c.nh ln c;a I0.0 xu)t ra Q0.0, cn c.nh xu/ng xu)t ra Q0.1.
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LAD
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.20: Gi>n #D thKi gian cCa v d) l7y c@nh ln v xu-ng cCa tn hi'u. V dO 7.10: ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n &4n gi@n cho bRng t@i s@n ph[m (hnh 7.21). Khi s@n ph[m A &1Bc vQn chuy'n &An vF tr cJn thao tc th bRng t@i dUng l.i (&1Bc pht hi n bEi c@m biAn CB1). qn nt S1 th bRng t@i tiAp tOc ho.t &,ng cho &An khi no m,t s@n ph[m &An &ng vF tr th dUng l.i. Qu trnh c? l>p l.i nh1 trn. Phn tch: - Yi/u ki'n Set b\ng t>i: Nt nh)n S1 - Yi/u ki'n Reset b\ng t>i: C@m biAn CB1. - S@n ph[m &An c@m biAn CB1 th bRng t@i dUng l.i, nh1 vQy c@m biAn lun bF tc &,ng. NAu ta dng 1u tin Reset th khng th' no khEi &,ng l.i bRng t@i. Cn nAu dng 1u tin Set th khi no s@n ph[m qua khPi c@m biAn m3i c th' bung tay th@ nt nh)n S1 Dng l nh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hi u &' kh/ng chA. V &' chCc chCn s@n ph[m & qua c@m biAn th s0 dOng l nh nhQn biAt c.nh xu/ng.
Hnh 7.21: v d) 7.10 Ch14ng trnh nh1 sau:
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LAD
FBD
STL
7.8 Cc Bit nhI /Kc biGt (Special Memory bits) Cc bit nh3 SM (Special memory bits) cung c)p nhi$u ch?c nRng tr.ng thi v &i$u khi'n, cang nh1 cung c)p thng tin truy$n thng gi7a S7-200 v ch14ng trnh. Cc bit nh3 &>c bi t c th' &1Bc s0 dOng E d.ng bits, bytes, words v double words. Trong phJn ny chH trnh by cc bit tr.ng thi c;a SMB0. Cn cc bit nh3 SM khc sj &1Bc trnh by E mWi ch14ng t14ng ?ng trong quy'n sch ny v E quy'n tiAp theo (tQp 2). SMB0 ch?a tm bit tr.ng thi v &1Bc cQp nhQt E mWi chu k` qut c;a S7-200. Dy l cc bit nh3 chH &]c. Bit SM0.0 SM0.1 SM0.2 SM0.3 SM0.4 SM0.5 SM0.6 SM0.7 Ch?c nRng Bit lun lun c tr.ng thi 1 Bit c tr.ng thi 1 E vng qut &Ju tin c;a ch14ng trnh Bit bo d7 li u bF th)t l.c (0:d7 li u cn &;, 1: d7 li u bF th)t l.c). Bit bo PLC &1Bc &ng ngu=n. (1: E vng qut &Ju tin, 0: E cc vng qut cn l.i). Bit t.o ra xung c chu k` 1 pht (0: trong 30s &Ju, 1 trong 30s sau). Bit tao xung c chu k` 1s (tJn s/ 1 Hz) (0: trong 0,5s &Ju ; 1 trong 0,5 s sau). Bit ln 1 E m,t vng qut v xu/ng 0 E vng qut tiAp theo. N &1Bc s0 dOng &' lm ng vo c;a b, &Am vng qut. Bit bo vF tr c;a cng tCc ch]n chA &, lm vi c c;a PLC (0: TERM, 1: RUN).
V d): Khi c tn hi u s6 c/ (ng vo I0.0 (NC) xu/ng m?c 0) th &n bo s6 c/ (Q0.0) sj nh)p nhy 1 Hz. Nh)n nt I0.1 &' Reset.
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7.9
BT7.1
Cu hì v bi t2p
Cc bi t1p Gng d)ng gi> s[ dng CPU 224 DC/DC/DC #+ #i/u khi+n. An ton cho l h6i M,t thiAt bF l h4i c h4i &i vo v ra khPi l &1Bc th6c hi n t6 &,ng qua b, &i$u chHnh &>t E bn ngoi. L h4i c &>t 3 b, c@m biAn p su)t P1, P2 v P3 E cc vF tr khc nhau &' ki'm sot qu p su)t. M.ch an ton sj ho.t &,ng khi c s6 c/, tr1Zng hBp p su)t trong l h4i tRng qu cao th van an ton tU tnh Y1 sj ho.t &,ng x@ b3t h4i ra ngoi. CJn c t nh)t b)t k` hai trong ba c@m biAn tc &,ng th m.ch an ton mE van tU tnh Y1. Hy : ViAt ch14ng trnh sao cho nAu c b7t kS 2 trong 3 c@m biAn tc &,ng th van Y1 mE. Vj s4 &= n/i dy tn hi u phJn c?ng
Hnh 7.22 M hnh l h:i
* B@ng k hi u:
BT7.2
i,u khi0n c6 c4u my d2p M,t c4 c)u dQp trong m,t my dQp nguyn li u (v dO dQp ra cc vP h,p) c th' chuy'n &,ng nng ln hay h. xu/ng nhZ m,t &,ng c4 &i n M1 quay 2 chi$u. Y+ #>m b>o an ton cho tay ng!Ki v1n hnh th chH khi no ng1Zi vQn hnh dng c@ 2 tay nh)n &=ng thZi 2 nt nh)n S1 (NO) v S2 (NO) th bn dQp m3i h. xu/ng. Khi h. xu/ng &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n d13i S3 (NC) th t6 ch.y nng ln cho t3i khi &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n trn S4 (NC) th dUng l.i. Chu k` l>p l.i
Hnh 7.23 M hnh my d1p nhB
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Hy : BT7.3 ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n Vj s4 &= n/i dy phJn c?ng Bang t8i chuy0n v2t liGu
M,t thiAt bF bRng t@i dng &' chuy'n vQt li u tU thng ch?a vo xe gong. Hy viAt ch14ng trnh sao cho: Khi bQt cng tCc khEi &,ng S0 (NO), th &n H0 sng bo h th/ng sSn sng lm vi c. Khi nh)n nt S1 (NO) &,ng c4 M1 ch.y ko bRng t@i v nguyn li u trong thng ch?a &1Bc vQn chuy'n theo bRng t@i. Khi nh)n nt dUng S2 (NC) th bRng t@i dUng l.i. Khi x@y ra s6 c/ qu dng (tiAp &i'm nhi t F3 (NC) tc &,ng) th &,ng c4 sj dUng l.i. v S4 &= cng ngh :
D,ng c4 M1 Hnh 7.24 B\ng t>i chuy+n v1t li'u * B@ng k hi u:
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BT7.4
i,u khi0n c(ng ra vo
M,t cKng E cng ty cJn &1Bc &i$u khi'n E 2 chA &, tay v t6 &,ng nhZ m,t cng tCc ch]n S0 c 2 vF tr : b ch8 #$ tay: Nh)n nt mH S1 (NO) th &,ng c4 M1 quay ph@i v cKng mE ra, nAu th@ tay ra th &,ng c4 dUng l.i. Tuy nhin, nAu cKng mE ra &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n mE S3 (NC) th cang dUng l.i. T14ng t6, nAu nh)n nt #ng S2 (NO) th &,ng c4 M1 quay tri v cKng &ng l.i, nAu th@ tay ra th &,ng c4 dUng l.i. NAu &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n &ng S4 (NC) th cKng cang dUng l.i. b ch8 #$ t #$ng: Nh)n nt mE th c0a sj mE cho t3i khi &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n mE S3 m3i dUng l.i. Khi nh)n nt &ng, cKng sj &ng l.i cho t3i khi &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh &ng S4 m3i dUng l.i. C th' dUng qu trnh &ng ho>c mE b)t c? lc no nAu nh)n nt dUng S5 (NC) ho>c &,ng c4 bF qu t@i (tiAp &i'm nhi t F3 (NC) tc &,ng ). Trong qu trnh &ng ho>c mE m,t &n bo H1 sj sng ln bo cKng &ang ho.t &,ng. Hy : ViAt 2 ch14ng trnh con: Sub0 cho chA &, tay v Sub1 cho chA &, t6 &,ng. Vj s4 &= n/i dy phJn c?ng v S4 &= cng ngh :
Hnh 7.15 Yi/u khi+n cZng
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BT7.5
i,u khi0n xe rt v2t liGu vo bAn ch"a
M,t xe ko dng &' rt vQt li u vo b=n ch?a. Khi bQt cng tCc khEi &,ng S0 (NO) th &n H0 sng bo h th/ng sSn sng lm vi c. Khi nh)n nt S1 (NO), &,ng c4 M1 c &i n ko xe di chuy'n ln, &=ng thZi &n H1 ch3p sng v3i tJn s/ 1Hz. Khi xe ln t3i vF tr trn cng &Ong ph@i cng tCc hnh trnh S4 (NC) th dUng l.i. Nh)n nt S2 (NO) &,ng c4 M1 &@o chi$u v ko xe di chuy'n xe xu/ng, &=ng thZi &n bo H2 ch3p v3i tJn s/ 1Hz. Khi xe &An vF tr cu/i cng &Ong ph@i cng tCc hnh trnh S3 (NC) th dUng l.i. Khi &,ng c4 M1 c s6 c/ qu dng (tiAp &i'm nhi t F3 (NC) tc &,ng) th &,ng c4 sj dUng l.i) v &n H0 sj ch3p sng v3i tJn s/ 1Hz.. Qu trnh m3i &1Bc khEi &,ng khi bQt l.i cng tCc S0. Hy: ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n Vj s4 &= n/i dy phJn c?ng v3i PLC v B@ng k hi u:
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8 Thi8t k8 theo logic Bool & bi+u #D Karnaugh
8 Thi:t k: theo logic Bool & bi0u /A Karnaugh
8.1 GiIi thiGu

Qu trnh chuy'n &Ki m,t mOc tiu &i$u khi'n thnh m,t ch14ng trnh theo ngn ng7 LAD, FBD hay STL yu cJu ph@i thng qua m,t c)u trc. D.i s/ BOOL l m,t trong cc cng cO cJn thiAt &' phn tch v thiAt kA nh7ng h th/ng ny.
8.2
7i s; BOOL
D.i s/ BOOL &1Bc pht tri'n vo nRm 1800 bEi m,t nh ton h]c ng1Zi Ai-len tn l James Bool. N c6c k` h7u ch trong thiAt kA cc m.ch s/. N vkn &1Bc s0 dOng nhi$u bEi cc kX s1 &i n v tin h]c. Ph14ng php th6c hi n l m hnh h th/ng logic b9ng cc cng th?c ring lo. Cng th?c c th' l s6 kAt hBp c;a cc AND/OR &4n gi@n thnh cc d.ng m3i. V3i cng ph14ng php ny, ng1Zi thiAt kA m.ch c th' ?ng dOng cho lQp trnh E LAD. AND OR NOT NAND
X = A 0 0 1 1
AB
B 0 1 0 1 X 0 0 0 1
X = A 0 0 1 1
A+B
B 0 1 0 1 X 0 1 1 1
X =A A 0 1 X 1 0
X = AB A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 X 0 0 0 1
NOR
XOR
XNOR
X = A+B A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 X 1 0 0 0
X =
AB
B 0 1 0 1 X 0 1 1 0
X = AB A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 X 1 0 0 1
A 0 0 1 1
Hnh 8.1: Cc php ton #@i s- bool v9i b>ng s th1t v cZng logic
125
Chu Ch YGc
Cng th?c Boolean bao g=m nhi$u biAn v cc ho.t &,ng gi/ng nh1 cc cng th?c &.i s/ thng th1Zng. Ba php ton c4 b@n l AND, OR v NOT, ho>c tK hBp c;a cc php ton c4 b@n l NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR. Cc php ton v3i b@ng s6 thQt &1Bc cho E hnh 4.1. MWi php ton &1Bc trnh by bEi m,t cng th?c &4n gi@n v3i hai biAn &1Bc s0 dOng l A v B &' tnh gi trF X. B@ng s6 thQt l m,t ph14ng php &4n gi@n &' m t@ t)t c@ cc tK hBp c th' c l cho ng ra E tr.ng thi ON ho>c OFF (1 ho>c 0). Ch : CKng XOR th1Zng &1Bc chuy'n thnh cc cKng t14ng &14ng nh1 sau:
X = A B = A B + A B
Cc />nh l cJa /7i s; Bool 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. YUnh l: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Tin #/:
A+A =0 A 1 = A
AA = 0 A+A =1 1= 0 A+A =A AA = A
A+1=1
A 0 = 0 A + A B = A A ( A + B) = A
A=A (A + B) = A B (A B) = A + B ( A + B) + C = A + (B + C) ( A B) C = A (B C) A + A B = A + B A ( A + B) = A B A +B = B+ A A B = B A A + (B C) = ( A + B) ( A + C) A (B + C) = ( A B) + ( A C)
DFnh l DeMorgans
10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
126
Chu Ch YGc
18. 19. 20. V dO: Cho bi'u th?c
( A + B ) ( A + C) = A C + A B ( A C + B C) = A C + B C ( A + C) (B + C) = ( A + C) (B + C) A = B.(C.( D + E + C ) + F .C )
Bi'u th?c &.i s/ A &1Bc &4n gi@n theo cc b13c nh1 sau:
A = B (C ( D + E + C ) + F C ) A = B (D C + E C + C C + F C) A = B (D C + E C + C + F C) A = B C (D + E + 1 + F ) A = B C (1) A = B C (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Ch : Khi &4n gi@n cc bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool, php tan OR c 1u tin th)p nn chng &1Bc th6c hi n tr13c. Php ton NOT c 1u tin cao nh)t, nn chng &1Bc &4n gi@n sau. Cch th?c th6c hi n c th' minh h]a cho vi c &4n gi@n m,t bi'u th?c &.i s/ nh1 sau:
X = ( A + B C) + A (B + C) X = ( A) + ( B C ) + A ( B + C ) X = ( A) ( B C ) + A ( B + C ) X = A (B + C) + A (B + C) X = A B + AC + A B + AC X = A B + ( A C + A C) + A B X = A B + C ( A + A) + A B X = A B + C + A B 8.3 Thi:t k: Logic
Cc php ton c 1u tin cao &1Bc &>t trong ngo>c Mng dOng &Fnh l DeMorgans Mng dOng tiAp &Fnh l DeMorgans BP ngo>c Ch]n cc s/ h.ng c cng thUa s/, E &y chH c NOT C D>t thUa s/ chung Mng dOng &Fnh l &' &4n gi@n
Cc t1Eng thiAt kA c th' &1Bc chuy'n &Ki tr6c tiAp tU cc bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool, ho>c b9ng cc ph14ng php khc (E cc ch14ng sau). Cc bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool c th' &1Bc &4n gi@n ho>c sCp xAp l.i v sau & chuy'n sang s4 &= LAD ho>c FBD hay E ngn ng7 STL. NAu chng ta m t@ m,t qui trnh &i$u khi'n b9ng lZi, th chng ta th1Zng c th' chuy'n tr6c tip n thnh bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool nh1 E hnh 8.2
127
Chu Ch YGc
v hnh 8.3. Trong v dO, vi c m t@ qu trnh &1Bc &1a ra tr13c. Trong cc ?ng dOng th6c tA, &i$u ny c &1Bc nhZ vo cc b, phQn c4 c;a h th/ng. Trong nhi$u tr1Zng hBp h th/ng ch1a c, vi c th6c hi n sj l m,t bi tan cho ng1Zi thiAt kA. B13c kA tiAp l xc &Fnh b, &i$u khi'n nn lm vi c nh1 thA no. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny, cc cu l nh &1Bc viAt ra tr13c tin, v sau & chuy'n &Ki thnh bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool. Bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool c th' &1Bc chuy'n &Ki theo d.ng mong mu/n. Cng th?c &Ju tin ch?a m,t XOR, n khng th' bi'u di\n d1Bc E d.ng LAD, nh1 vQy nn chuy'n n thnh d.ng cc cKng t14ng &14ng s0 dOng AND, OR v NOT. V dO 8.1: 3i(u khi*n nhiKt 'S l nhiKt M t> qu trnh: M,t l nhi t c hai c0a c th' c)p nhi t cho thPi kim lo.i &c E mWi c0a. B, pht nhi t cung c)p &; nhi t cho hai thPi kim lo.i &c. Nh1ng nAu chH c m,t thPi kim l]ai &c th nhi t &, cung c)p trE nn qu nng, &' gi@m nhi t &, th m,t qu.t gi@i nhi t cho l sj &1Bc bQt. M t> #i/u khi+n: NAu nhi t &, qu cao v chH c m,t thPi kim lo.i &c E m,t c0a th bQt qu.t. Gi8i B>ng xc #Unh input/output: K hiKu B1 B2 T F 3<a ch> I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 Q0.0 Ch thch C@m biAn bo c thPi kim lo.i &c E c0a 1 C@m biAn bo c thPi kim lo.i &c E c0a 2 C@m biAn bo qu nhi t Qu.t gi@i nhi t
Bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool:
F = T (B1 B 2 )
F = T (B1 B 2 + B1 B 2 )
(1) (2) (3) LAD LD AN LDN A STL B1 B2 B1 B2
F = B1 B 2 T + B1 B 2 T
Ch14ng trnh bi'u di\n E ngn ng7 LAD, FBD v STL (&/i v3i bi'u th?c 2):
128
Chu Ch YGc
FBD
OLD A = T F
Hnh 8.2: Bi+u thGc #@i s- Bool #!Ac thi8t k8 theo ngn ngQ cCa PLC S7-200 Ch14ng trnh bi'u di\n E ngn ng7 LAD, FBD v STL (&/i v3i bi'u th?c 3): LAD LD AN A A A OLD = F STL B1 B2 T B2 T
LDN B1 FBD
Hnh 8.3: Bi+u thGc #@i s- Bool #!Ac thi8t k8 theo ngn ngQ cCa PLC S7-200 V dO 8.2: Hy chuy'n s4 &= logic sau &y (hnh 8.4) thnh ch14ng trnh trong PLC E ngn ng7 LAD, FBD v STL: Gi8i: NAu c? gi7 nguyn s4 &= logic th vi c chuy'n &Ki ch14ng trnh E LAD sj g>p nhi$u kh khRn v trong PLC khng th' bi'u di\n &1Bc cKng NAND v NOR. V vQy &' &4n gi@n h4n, ta s0 dOng ph14ng php biAn &Ki s4 &= thnh bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool v sau & &4n gi@n bi'u th?c ny.
Hnh 8.4: S: #D logic
129
Chu Ch YGc
S4 &= trn &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool v sau & &1Bc &4n gi@n.
X = A B C + B B ( A + C) X = ( A + B + C + B) B ( A C ) X = A B AC + B B AC + C B AC + B B AC X = B AC + B AC + 0 + B AC X = B AC
TU bi'u th?c & &4n gi@n ta &1Bc s4 &= logic sau v bi'u di\n E LAD, FBD, STL (hnh 8.5).
LAD
STL LD AN A B A C X
FBD
Hnh 8.5: S: #D logic v ch!:ng trnh trong PLC Tm l.i, ta sj thu &1Bc cc bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool tU vi c m t@ yu cJu cng ngh ho>c m,t s4 &= m.ch ho>c m,t s4 &= LAD. Cc bi'u th?c c th' &1Bc &4n gi@n b9ng cch s0 dOng cc &Fnh l c;a &.i s/ Bool. V sau & tU bi'u th?c ny ta c th' chuy'n thnh ngn ng7 LAD, FBD hay STL trong PLC. Khi &4n gi@n cc bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool ta cJn ch m,t s/ quy tCc c4 b@n sau: Lo.i bP cc cKng NOT khng cJn thiAt. Thng th1Zng c th' th6c hi n b9ng cch thay thA cc cKng NAND v NOR b9ng m,t bi'u th?c &4n gi@n h4n s0 dOng &Fnh l DeMorgan. L]ai bP cc cng th?c ph?c t.p nh1 XOR. Cc qui tCc ny c th' &1Bc m t@ nh1 v dO sau:
130
Chu Ch YGc
V dO 8.3: Cho bi'u th?c &i$u khi'n:
A = B (C (D + E + C) + F C
Bi'u th?c trn c th' &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng s4 &= m.ch logic nh1 sau:
Bi'u di\n E LAD:
Hnh 8.6: Minh h3a cc qui tEc #:n gi>n khi chuy+n #Zi bi+u thGc #@i s- Bool sang LAD
8.3.1
Cc kf thu2t /7i s; Bool
C m,t vi kX thuQt chung &1Bc s0 dOng khi &4n gi@n cng th?c. Cc kX thuQt ny &1Bc bi'u di\n E hnh 8.7.
A+CA= A+C
Ch?ng minh:
A+CA ( A + C )( A + A) ( A + C )(1) A+C 131
Chu Ch YGc
AB + A = A
Ch?ng minh:
AB + A
AB + A1
A( B + 1) A(1) A A + B + C = A BC
Ch?ng minh:
A+ B+C ( A + B) + C ( A + B )C ( A B )C A BC
Hnh 8.7: Cc k< thu1t #@i s- Bool
8.4 Cc d7ng logic chung

Khi biAt m,t tQp cc d.ng logic &4n gi@n sj cung c)p cho ng1Zi thiAt kA gi@i quyAt cc chiAn l1Bc &i$u khi'n. Cc d.ng sau &1Bc cung c)p &' s0 dOng tr6c tiAp ho>c t1Eng khi thiAt kA.
8.4.1 D7ng c(ng ph"c

TKng c,ng c 16 lo.i cKng logic khc nhau c 2 ng vo. D.ng &4n gi@n nh)t l AND v OR, cc cKng khc l cc cKng ph?c. Ba cKng ph?c thng dOng &1Bc th@o luQn tr13c &y l NAND, NOR v XOR. Cc cKng ny c th' &1Bc bi'u di\n thnh d.ng &4n gi@n h4n chH v3i cc cKng AND v OR t14ng ?ng E s4 &= LAD trong PLC bi'u di\n E hnh 8.8. NAND NOR XOR
X = A B X = A+ B
X = A+ B X = A B
X = A B X = A B + A B
Hnh 8.8: Chuy+n #Zi cc chGc n\ng logic phGc
8.4.2 Multiplexers
132
Chu Ch YGc
Multiplexers l s6 &a hBp cc thiAt bF &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t thiAt bF &4n. N r)t thng dOng trong cc h th/ng &i n tho.i. M,t chuy+n m@ch &i n tho.i &1Bc s0 dOng &' xc &Fnh &i n tho.i no sj &1Bc kAt n/i. Hnh 8.9 l m,t b, multiplexer. Ng ra X sj &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t trong 4 ng vo D1, D2, D3 ho>c D4 ty thu,c vo gi trF c;a cc ng A1 v A2. D1 D2 D3 D4 multiplexer X A1 0 0 1 1 A2 0 1 0 1 X D1 D2 D3 D4
A1 Hnh 8.9:
A2
M$t Multiplexer
D.ng multiplexer &1Bc bi'u di\n E LAD c th' trnh di\n E hnh 8.10.
Hnh 8.10:
M$t Multiplexer bi+u di`n H Ladder Logic
8.5 M1t s; v d% thi:t k: /6n gi8n vIi /7i s; bool

Cc tr1Zng hBp sau &y minh h]a cc v)n &$ logic tK hBp khc nhau v cc gi@i php c th' th6c hi n. Hy &]c kX m t@ tr13c khi xem lZi gi@i.
8.5.1 Cc ch"c nang logic c6 b8n

Yu c6u 1: ViAt m,t ch14ng trnh sao cho ng ra D E m?c logic 1 khi cng tCc A v B &ng l.i ho>c khi cng tCc C &1Bc &ng. Gi>i quy8t:
D = ( A B) + C
133
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 8.11:
Ch!:ng trnh #!Ac vi8t H LAD
Yu cYu 2: ViAt m,t ch14ng trnh sao cho ng ra D E m?c logic 1 khi nt )n A &1Bc )n, ho>c chH B ho>c chH C &1Bc )n. Gi>i quy8t:
D = A + (B C)
Hnh 8.12: Ch!:ng trnh #!Ac vi8t H LAD
8.5.2 HG th;ng an ton xe h6i

Yu c6u: ViAt ch14ng trnh E LAD cho m,t h th/ng an ton c0a xe h4i/dy an ton chW ng=i. Khi c0a mE, ho>c dy an ton ch1a &1Bc thCt th vi c kho khEi &,ng khng th' th6c hi n &1Bc. NAu t)t c@ &1Bc th6c hi n th kha c th' khEi &,ng &1Bc &,ng c4. Gi>i quy8t:
Hnh 8.13:
Ch!:ng trnh h' th-ng an ton xe vi8t H LAD
8.5.3 Quay ph8i/tri /1ng c6

Yu c6u: thiAt kA m,t b, &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 c m,t nt nh)n quay ph@i v m,t nt nh)n quay tri. Cc ng ra quay ph@i v tri sj chH E 1 khi m,t trong cc nt nh)n &1Bc )n. Khi c@ hai nt nh)n &1Bc )n th &,ng c4 khng lm vi c. Gi>i quy8t:
F = BF BR R = BF BR
#y: F = F'ng c7 quay phCi R = F'ng c7 quay tri BF = Nt nh@n quay phCi BR = Nt nh@n quay tri
134
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 8.14: Ch!:ng trnh quay ph>i, tri vi8t H LAD 8.5.4 C8nh bo tr1m C@nh bo tr,m cho m,t ngi nh nh1 sau: khi c s6 xm nhQp c;a ko tr,m th c@nh bo v &n bo &1Bc kch ho.t. C@nh bo ny &1Bc kch ho.t nAu ko xm nhQp bF pht hi n b9ng c@m biAn gCn E c0a sK v m,t b, pht hi n chuy'n &,ng. C@m biAn E c0a sK l lo.i th1Zng &ng, khi c0a sK vL do ko tr,m xm nhQp th c@m biAn bF ngCt. C@m biAn nhQn biAt chuy'n &,ng &1Bc thiAt kA &' khi m,t ng1Zi &1Bc pht hi n th ng ra sj E m?c 1. Ngoi ra cn c m,t cng tCc &' kch ho.t/khng kch ho.t c@nh bo. Ho.t &,ng c4 b@n c;a h th/ng c@nh bo, cc ng vo v ra c;a b, &i$u khi'n &1Bc cho E b@ng sau: K hiKu A W M S 3<a ch> Q0.0 I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 Ch thch Dn v c@nh bo, ON=1 C@m biAn c0a sK/c0a chnh, th1Zng &ng C@m biAn chuy'n &,ng, th1Zng hE Cng tCc kch ho.t c@nh bo, ON=1
Ho.t &,ng c4 b@n c;a c@nh bo c th' &1Bc m t@ theo qui tCc: 1. NAu c@nh bo l ON, ki'm tra c@m biAn. 2. NAu c@m biAn c0a sK/c0a chnh bF ngCt, bQt m thanh c@nh bo v &n bo sng. B13c kA tiAp l xc &Fnh cng th?c &i$u khi'n. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny c 3 ng vo khc nhau v 1 ng ra, b@ng s6 thQt &1Bc trnh by E hnh 8.15. Input S 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 M 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 W 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Output A 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 C@nh bo tCt
Khng c ko tr,m, tCt c@nh bo C ko tr,m, BQt c@nh bo
Hnh 8.15: B>ng s th1t c>nh bo tr$m
135
Chu Ch YGc
Bi'u th?c Boolean v &4n gi@n &1Bc cho E hnh 8.17 &1Bc viAt tU b@ng s6 thQt hnh 8.16.
A = ( S M W ) + ( S M W ) + ( S M W ) A = S ( M W + M W + M W ) A = S (( M W + M W ) + ( M W + M W )) A = ( S W ) + ( S M ) = S (W + M )
Hnh 8.16: Bi+u thGc Bool v #!Ac th c hi'n v9i LAD Cng th?c v m.ch cho E hnh trn cang c th' &1Bc &4n gi@n nh1 hnh 8.17.
Hnh 8.17: S: #D m@ch theo bi+u thGc Bool #:n gi>n v #!Ac th c hi'n v9i LAD
8.6 Bi0u /A Karnaugh

8.6.1 GiIi thiGu
B@ng Karnaugh cho php chng ta chuy'n &Ki m,t b@ng s6 thQt thnh bi'u th?c Boolean &4n gi@n m khng s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool. Trong mOc 8.5.4 c;a ch14ng ny c m,t v dO v$ c@nh bo tr,m. Hnh 8.18 l b@ng s6 thQt c;a n v3i m,t ng vo bo yn t^nh &1Bc thm vo. D cho: K hiKu A W A, W, M, S nh1 tr13c &y, t?c l: 3<a ch> Q0.0 I0.0 Ch thch Dn v c@nh bo, ON=1 C@m biAn c0a sK/c0a chnh, th1Zng &ng
136
Chu Ch YGc
M S V:
I0.1 I0.2
C@m biAn chuy'n &,ng, th1Zng hE Cng tCc kch ho.t c@nh bo, ON=1
Q = Bo yn t^nh (0 = yn t^nh) B!9c 1: VR b>ng s th1t B@ng s6 thQt c;a m.ch c@nh bo tr,m nh1hnh 8.18. Thay v chuy'n &Ki tr6c tiAp b@ng ny thnh bi'u th?c, th ta &>t vo m,t b@ng &1Bc chH E hnh 8.19. Dng v c,t &1Bc ch]n tU cc biAn ng vo. Vi c quyAt &Fnh cc biAn no s0 dOng cho cc dng ho>c cc c,t c th' ty v cc b@ng sj trng khc nhau nh1ng vkn sj cho m,t kAt qu@ gi/ng nhau. D/i v3i cc biAn E c@ hai dng v c,t th &1Bc sCp xAp theo th? t6 chH gi trF c;a bit s0 dOng NOT. Trnh t6 khng ph@i l nhF phn, nh1ng &1Bc tK ch?c &' chH c m,t bit thay &Ki t.i m,t thZi &i'm. Nh1 vQy trnh t6 c;a bit l 00, 01, 11, 10. B13c ny r)t quan tr]ng. KA tiAp l &1a cc gi trF l 1 trong b@ng s6 thQt vo b@ng Karnaugh. Gi trF 0 cang c th' &1Bc &1a vo nh1ng khng cJn thiAt. S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 W 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Q 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Hnh 8.18: B>ng s th1t m@ch c>nh bo tr$m Trong v dO, ba gi trF 1 tU b@ng s6 thQt &1Bc &1a vo trong b@ng. B!9c 2: Chia cc bi8n vo. m &y ch]n SQ v MW B!9c 3: VR b>ng Karnaugh d a vo cc bi8n vo
137
Chu Ch YGc
MW ( = 00) SQ( = 00 ) SQ( = 01) SQ( = 11) SQ( = 10)

Hnh 8.19: B>ng Karnaugh 1
MW ( = 01)
MW ( = 11)
MW ( = 10)
Khi cc bit &1Bc nhQp vo b@ng Karnaugh sj c m,t vi mku r rng. Cc mku tiu bi'u ny c phJn no &/i x?ng. Hnh 8.20 c hai mku &1Bc khoanh trn. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny, m,t mku c hai bit &?ng k$ nhau. Mku th? hai th kh nhn th)y h4n v cc bit n9m E ba bn ph@i v tri c;a c,t. Sau & cc mku c th' &1Bc chuy'n thnh bi'u th?c Boolean. D' th6c hi n tr13c tin ta quan st cc mku &>t E dng th? ba cho nn bi'u th?c sj &1Bc AND v3i SQ. KA tiAp l tm bit chung trong hai mku. Ta th)y trong mku m,t c M chung, mku 2 c W chung. Nh7ng ci ny by giZ c th' tK hBp thnh cng th?c. Cu/i cng cng th?c &1Bc chuy'n thnh s4 &= LAD. B!9c 4: Tm ki8m mû trong b>ng M l mku chung
T)t c@ trong dng SQ
W l mku chung
Hnh 8.20: Khoanh mû B!9c 5: Vi8t thnh cng thGc s[ d)ng cc mû A = S Q (M + W ) B!9c 6: Chuy+n #Zi cng thGc thnh s: #D LAD
Hnh 8.21: Chuy+n #Zi bi+u thGc thnh s: #D LAD
138
Chu Ch YGc
B@ng Karnaugh l m,t ph14ng php c th' &1Bc ch]n &' &4n gi@n bi'u th?c thay cho &.i s/ Bool. N gip cho ng1Zi h]c d\ dng h4n trong vi c &4n gi@n cc bi'u th?c. m v dO trn chH c 4 biAn, nh1 vQy chH c hai biAn E dng v hai biAn E c,t. NAu c nhi$u biAn h4n vkn c th' s0 dOng. V dO nAu c nRm biAn ng vo th ta c th' s0 dOng ba biAn cho dng ho>c cho c,t v3i cc mku l 000, 001, 011, 010, 110, 111, 101, 100. NAu c nhi$u h4n m,t ng ra, th ta t.o b@ng Karnaugh cho mWi ng ra.
8.7 Cu hì v bi t2p

BT 8.1: CKng logic &1Bc bi'u di\n E ngn ng7 LAD cho E d13i &y l cKng AND hay OR?
BT 8.2: Vj m,t s4 &= hnh thang v3i ng ra D l 1 khi cng tCc A v cng tCc B &1Bc &ng ho>c khi cng tCc C &1Bc &ng. BT 8.3: Vj m,t s4 &= hnh thang v3i ng ra D l 1 khi nt nh)n A &1Bc )n ho>c B ho>c C &1Bc )n. BT 8.4: a) Gi@i thch t.i sao nt nh)n stop ph@i l th1Zng &ng v nt nh)n start ph@i l th1Zng hE. b) Xem xt m,t tr1Zng hBp m,t ng vo PLC &1Bc n/i v3i nt nh)n th1Zng &ng lm nt nh)n stop. TiAp &i'm &1Bc s0 dOng trong ngn ng7 LAD l th1Zng hE nh1 &1Bc cho E d13i. T.i sao c@ hai l khng gi/ng nhau? (v dO cng l NC ho>c NO)
BT 8.5:. T.o m,t ch14ng trnh &4n gi@n E ngn ng7 LAD theo b@ng s6 thQt &1Bc cho E d13i v3i ng ra E tr.ng thi ON khi cc nt nh)n t14ng ?ng &1Bc )n.
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Chu Ch YGc
OUTPUT INPUT A Ng vo X ON Ng vo Y ON Ng vo Z ON 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 C 1 0 1 D 0 0 0 E 1 0 1 F 0 1 0 G 1 0 0 H 1 1 1
BT 8.6: Chuy'n &Ki bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool sau thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD &4n gi@n nh)t c th' &1Bc.
X = A ( A + A B)
BT 8.7: D4n gi@n cc bi'u th?c sau: a) c)
A(B + AB) A(B + AB) ( A + B) ( A + B)
b) d)
A(B + AB) A(B + AB)
BT 8.8: D4n gi@n cc bi'u th?c sau: a) b)
ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD
BT 8.9: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c Boolean sau:
(( A B) + (B + A )) C + (B C + B C)
BT 8.10: Cho bi'u th?c Boolean
X = A B C + (C + B )
a) Vj s4 &= m.ch s/ b) s4 &= hnh thang (khng t/i gi@n), c) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c. BT 8.11: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c &.i s/ Boolean sau v viAt ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD t14ng ?ng.
Y = ( ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD) + D

BT 8.12: Cho bi'u th?c &.i s/ sau:
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Chu Ch YGc
X = A + B( A + CB + DAC) + ABCD
a) ViAt thnh s4 &= logic khi ch1a &4n gi@n bi'u th?c. b) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c. c) ViAt thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD theo bi'u th?c & &4n gi@n. BT 8.13: Cho b@ng s6 thQt sau a)ChH ra tK hBp no cho kAt qu@ l 1. b) ViAt kAt qu@ E a) thnh bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool. c) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c Bool E b) A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 K:t qu8 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
BT 8.14: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c sau thnh &4n gi@n nh)t v viAt thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD.
Y = C A + A + B C A + B C
BT 8.15: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c sau s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool v viAt thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD t14ng ?ng.
X = ( A + B A ) + (C + D + EC)
BT 8.16: Chuy'n &Ki ch14ng trnh bi'u di\n E LAD sau thnh bi'u th?c &.i s/. Sau & &4n gi@n n v chuy'n l.i E ngn ng7 LAD.
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Chu Ch YGc
BT 8.17: Cho s4 &= m.ch logic nh1 hnh vj a) ViAt thnh bi'u th?c E m.ch logic & cho. b) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c ny. c) Vj l.i s4 &= m.ch &4n gi@n h4n theo cu b).
BT 8.18: Cho m,t h th/ng &1Bc m t@ theo bi'u th?c sau:
X = A + (B ( A + C) + C) + A B (D + E)
a) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool. b) Th6c hi n s4 &= m.ch s/ theo bi'u th?c ban &Ju v bi'u th?c & &1Bc &4n gi@n E cu a). c) ViAt thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD theo bi'u th?c ban &Ju v bi'u th?c & &1Bc &4n gi@n E cu a) BT 8.19: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c & cho v sau & viAt thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD v s4 &= m.ch s/ theo bi'u th?c ban &Ju v bi'u th?c & &4n gi@n.
A + (B + C + D) (B + C) + A B (C + D)
BT 8.20: LQp b@ng Karnaugh theo b@ng s6 thQt d13i &y.
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Chu Ch YGc
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
K:t qu8 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
BT 8.21: S0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh &' &4n gi@n b@ng s6 thQt sau v viAt thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD.
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
X 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
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Chu Ch YGc
BT 8.22: ViAt ra bi'u th?c &4n gi@n nh)t &/i v3i b@ng Karnaugh &1Bc cho d13i &y
CD
CD
0 0 0 1
CD
0 0 0 1
CD
1 0 0 0
AB AB AB AB
1 0 0 0
BT 8.23: Cho b@ng s6 thQt E hnh BT 8.23 v viAt thnh ch14ng trnh PLC E ngn ng7 LAD v3i s6 trB gip b9ng kX thuQt &4n gi@n bi'u th?c l b@ng Karnaugh hay &.i s/ Bool. BT 8.24: Ki'm tra b@ng s6 thQt E hnh BT 8.24 v viAt thnh ch14ng trnh PLC E ngn ng7 LAD s0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh. BT 8.26: Cho b@ng s6 thQt E hnh BT 8.25 v3i cc ng vo A, B, C v D v ng ra X. Chuy'n n thnh ch14ng trnh PLC E LAD s0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh. BT 8.25: Tm bi'u th?c Boolean &4n gi@n nh)t &/i v3i b@ng Karnaugh &1Bc cho E hnh BT 8.26 m khng s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool. ViAt ch14ng trnh E LAD.
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
Y 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
X 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
Hnh BT 8.23
Hnh BT 8.24
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Chu Ch YGc
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
X 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
C 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
D 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
Z 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
Hnh BT 8.25
Hnh BT 8.27
Hnh BT 8.26 BT 8.27: Cho b@ng s6 thQt nh1 hnh BT 8.27 a) b) Tm bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool s0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh. Vj s4 &= LAD s0 dOng b@ng s6 thQt (khng ph@i bi'u th?c Boolean).
BT 8.28: Chuy'n &Ki s4 &= LAD sau thnh b@ng Karnaugh.
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Chu Ch YGc
BT 8.29: a) Xy d6ng b@ng s6 thQt cho cc v)n &$ sau &y: i) C 3 nt nh)n A, B, C. ii) Ng ra l 1 nAu b)t k` hai nt nh)n no &1Bc )n. iii) NAu C &1Bc )n th ng ra sj lun lun 1. b) c) ViAt thnh bi'u th?c Bool. ViAt thnh bi'u th?c Boolean s0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh. ViAt ra bi'u th?c Boolean &4n gi@n nh)t &/i v3i b@ng Karnaugh
BT 8.30: d13i &y
a) B9ng &= thF. b) B9ng &.i s/ Boolean.
AB
CD
1
AB
AB
AB
1
CD CD CD
1
BT 8.31: Xem xt bi'u th?c boolean sau:
X = ( A + B A )A + (CD + CD + CD)
a) Bi'u th?c Boolean ny c th' &1Bc chuy'n tr6c tiAp thnh LAD. Gi@i thch nAu cJn thiAt, th6c hi n b)t k` cc thay &Ki &1Bc yu cJu &' c th' chuy'n thnh LAD. ViAt ra E LAD, d6a vo kAt qu@ E b13c a). D4n gi@n bi'u th?c s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool v viAt ra LAD m3i. ViAt b@ng Karnaugh &/i v3i bi'u th?c Boolean, v cho biAt n c th' &1Bc s0 dOng &' thu &1Bc bi'u th?c Bool &4n gi@n nh1 thA no.
b) c) d)
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Chu Ch YGc
9 B$ #Unh thKi (Timer)
B1 />nh thBi (Timer)
9.1 GiIi thiGu

B, &Fnh thZi &1Bc s0 dOng trong cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n cJn tr hon v$ thZi gian. Dy l phJn t0 ch?c nRng c4 b@n c;a cc b, PLC v r)t th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng trong cc ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n. Chpng h.n nh1 m,t bRng t@i khi c tn hi u ho.t &,ng sj ch.y trong 10s r=i dUng l.i, m,t van kh nn cJn c &i n trong 5s, nguyn li u cJn tr,n trong thZi gian 10 phtCc PLC S7-200 c 256 Timer c &Fa chH tU T0 &An T255, chia lm 3 lo.i (xem thm ch!:ng 4 B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC S7-200) : + Timer &ng m.ch chQm TON (On-delay Timer). + Timer &ng m.ch chQm c nh3 TONR (Retentive On-delay Timer). + Timer ngCt m.ch chQm TOF (Off-delay Timer). Khi s0 dOng m,t timer chng ta cJn ph@i xc &Fnh cc thng s/ sau: - Lo.i timer (TON, TONR hay TOF) - D, phn gi@i c;a Timer. C 3 &, phn gi@i l: 1ms, 10ms v 100ms - S/ c;a timer sj s0 dOng, v dO T0, T37..cJn tra b@ng &' biAt lo.i timer s0 dOng t14ng ?ng v3i cc s/ no. - Khai bo h9ng s/ thZi gian t14ng ?ng v3i thZi gian cJn tr hon d6a vo &, phn gi@i c;a timer. - Tn hi u cho php bCt &Ju tnh thZi gian. K hi u chung c;a Timer S7-200 bi'u di\n E LAD nh1 sau: V3i: Txxx: IN: PT: K hi u v s/ th? t6 c;a timer, v dO: T37 Ng vo bit, cho php timer ho.t &,ng Ng vo s/ Integer, h9ng s/ thZi gian.
T_typ: Cho biAt lo.i Timer. C th' l TON, TONR hay TOF ???ms: Bo &, phn gi@i c;a timer, t6 &,ng xu)t hi n theo Txxx. ThBi gian tr hon = [PT] x [???ms]. V dO ta c
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Chu Ch YGc
Dy l lo.i On-delay timer, c tn g]i l T37, c &, phn gi@i l 100ms. ThZi gian tr hon l : 10 x 100ms = 1s.
9.2 Timer /ng m7ch ch2m TON

Cc Timer ny #!Ac s[ d)ng khi c cc yu c6u tr hon m$t kho>ng thKi gian. Gi trU hi'n hnh cCa TON bU xa khi ng vo IN H logic 0. On-Delay Timer (TON) th6c hi n &Am thZi gian khi ng vo IN E m?c logic 1. Khi gi trF hi n hnh (Txxx) l3n h4n ho>c b9ng thZi gian &>t tr13c PT (preset time), th Timer Bit E logic 1. Gi trF hi n hnh c;a TON bF xa khi ng vo IN E logic 0. Timer tiAp tOc &Am d & &.t &An gi trF &>t PT, v dUng l.i khi &Am &An gi trF max. 32767. D' xa timer, c th' s0 dOng l nh Reset (R). L nh Reset sj lm cho Timer Bit E m?c logic 0 v gi trF hi n hnh c;a timer (Timer Current) =0. C 192 timer TON/TOF trong S7-200 &1Bc phn chia theo &, phn gi@i nh1 E b@ng sau: S/ Timer
T32, T96 T33 T36, T97 T100 T37 T63, T101 T255
D, phn gi@i
1ms 10ms 100ms
ThZi gian tr hon t/i &a

32,767s 327,67s 3276,7s
Ch : V TON v TOF s0 dOng cng s/ timer, nn khng th' &>t cho c@ hai c cng s/ Timer. V dO & &>t TON l T37 th khng &1Bc &>t TOF l T37. V d): BQt cng tCc I0.0 (NO) th sau 5s ng ra Q0.0 ln m?c 1.
Dng Timer T40, &, phn gi@i 100ms, h9ng s/ thZi gian 50. ThZi gian tr hon = 50x100ms=5s TiAp &i'm T40 &ng l.i sau 5s.
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Chu Ch YGc
Gi@n &= thZi gian:
Qua gi@n &= trn ta nhQn th)y &' timer TON tr hon &1Bc hAt thZi gian &>t tr13c (v dO 5s) th tr.ng thi tn hi u t.i ng vo IN cJn &1Bc duy tr E m?c 1 trong su/t kho@ng thZi gian ny. NAu sau 5s m ng vo IN vkn duy tr E m?c 1 th gi trF h9ng s/ thZi gian trong timer sj tiAp tOc tRng cho t3i khi &.t gi trF t/i &a l 32767. D' l)y TON, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo mong mu/n. NhQp s/ Timer cho TON, &i$u ki n cho ng vo IN v gi trF E PT theo mong mu/n.
9.3 Timer /ng m7ch ch2m c nhI TONR

Cc Timer ny #!Ac s[ d)ng khi c6n tch l4y m$t s- kho>ng thKi gian rKi r@c. Gi trU hi'n hnh TONR chW c th+ bU xa bPng l'nh Reset (R). Timer &ng m.ch chQm c nh3 TONR (Retentive On-Delay Timer) th6c hi n &Am thZi gian khi ng vo IN E m?c logic 1. Khi gi trF hi n hnh (Txxx) l3n h4n ho>c b9ng thZi gian &>t tr13c PT (preset time), th Timer Bit E logic 1. Gi trF hi n hnh c;a TONR &1Bc gi7 l.i khi ng vo IN E logic 0. TONR &1Bc s0 dOng &' tch lay thZi gian cho nhi$u chu k` ng vo IN E m?c 1. Timer ny vkn tiAp tOc &Am sau khi & &.t &An gi trF &>t tr13c v dUng l.i E gi trF max. 32767. D' xa gi trF hi n hnh c;a TONR v Timer Bit, ta s0 dOng l nh Reset (R). C 64 timer TONR trong S7-200 &1Bc phn chia theo &, phn gi@i nh1 E b@ng sau: S/ Timer
T0, T64 T1 T4, T65 T68 T5 T31, T69 T95
D, phn gi@i
1 ms 10 ms 100 ms

32,767 s 327,67 s 3276,7 s
V d): Xt &o.n ch14ng trnh
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Chu Ch YGc
Tn hi u I0.0 kch ho.t timer TONR T1 c &, phn gi@i 10ms (thZi gian = 100 x 10ms = 1s)
Sau 1 s ng ra Q0.0 ln m?c 1
Tn hi u I0.1 Reset timer T1
Gi@n &= thZi gian:

I0.0 60 40
100
60
T1
Q0.0 I0.1(Reset)
D' l)y TONR, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp s/ Timer cho TONR, &i$u ki n cho ng vo IN v gi trF E PT theo mong mu/n.
9.4 Timer mN m7ch ch2m TOF

S[ d)ng timer ny khi c6n tr hon thm m$t kho>ng thKi gian rDi m9i tEt ng ra k+ tM khi tn hi'u ng vo IN xu-ng 0. Timer TOF chW th c hi'n #8m thKi gian khi IN chuy+n tM 1 xu-ng 0. Khi ng vo IN c;a Off-Delay Timer (TOF) E logic 1, th Timer Bit ngay lQp t?c &1Bc &>t ln m?c logic 1 v gi trF hi n hnh &1Bc xa v$ 0. Khi ng
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Chu Ch YGc
vo IN xu/ng 0, th timer &Am cho &An khi thZi gian tri qua &.t &An gi trF thZi gian &>t tr13c. Khi &.t &An gi trF &>t tr13c, Timer Bit &1Bc &>t v$ 0 v gi trF hi n hnh dUng &Am. NAu ng vo IN E 0 trong kho@ng thZi gian ngCn h4n gi trF &>t tr13c, th Timer Bit gi7 E 1. D' xa timer, c th' s0 dOng l nh Reset (R). L nh Reset sj lm cho Timer Bit E m?c logic 0 v gi trF hi n hnh c;a timer (Timer Current) =0. C 192 timer TON/TOF trong S7-200 &1Bc phn chia theo &, phn gi@i nh1 E b@ng sau: S/ Timer
T32, T96 T33 T36, T97 T100 T37 T63, T101 T255
D, phn gi@i
1ms 10ms 100ms

32,767s 327,67s 3276,7s
Ch : V TON v TOF s0 dOng cng s/ timer, nn khng th' &>t cho c@ hai c cng s/ Timer. V dO & &>t TON l T37 th khng &1Bc &>t TOF l T37. V d): Xt &o.n ch14ng trnh I0.0 chuy'n tr.ng thi tU m?c 1 xu/ng m?c 0 sj kch ho.t timer off delay tnh giZ. ThZi gian = 10 x 100ms = 1s
Sau 1s k' tU khi tn hi u t.i I0.0 chuy'n tU 1 xu/ng 0 ng ra Q0.0 sj xu/ng m?c 0 Gi@n &= thZi gian:
D' l)y TOF, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp s/ Timer cho TOF, &i$u ki n cho ng vo IN v gi trF E PT theo mong mu/n.
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Chu Ch YGc
9.5 _ng d%ng Timer

9.5.1 T7o xung c t@n s; theo mong mu;n
ViAt ch14ng trnh t.o xung theo mong mu/n &' s0 dOng vo cc mOc &ch khc nhau theo gi@n &= xung sau:
D' th6c hi n, s0 dOng 2 timer TON kha cho nhau. Ty thu,c vo xung cJn l)y c thZi gian ton v toff l bao nhiu m ta c th' ch]n s/ timer TON ph hBp. Trong ?ng dOng ny, ch]n T254 v T255 lm timer t.o xung v thZi gian th ty theo ng1Zi s0 dOng mong mu/n cho vo gi trF ton v toff E ng PT c;a timer (ch thZi gian = [PT]x100ms). Xung &1Bc l1u E bit M10.7. Ch14ng trnh: LAD FBD STL
9.5.2
T7o Timer xung v timer xung c nhI
9.5.2.1 Timer xung (Pulse timer) Timer xung sj cho ng ra l m,t xung khi tn hi u vo E m?c logic 1 c thZi gian l3n h4n hay b9ng thZi gian &>t E timer xung. D' d\ hnh dung xem gi@n &= thZi gian c;a ch14ng trnh t.o timer xung v3i ng ra timer l Q0.0, ng vo tn hi u l I0.0, thZi gian xung l 5s nh1 sau:
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Chu Ch YGc
LAD
STL
9.5.2.2 Timer xung c nhI (Extended Pulse timer) Timer xung sj cho ng ra l m,t xung khi c m,t xung tn hi u vo. D' d\ hnh dung xem gi@n &= thZi gian c;a ch14ng trnh t.o timer xung v3i ng ra timer l Q0.1, ng vo tn hi u l I0.1, thZi gian xung l 5s nh1 sau:
Ch14ng trnh: LAD STL
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Chu Ch YGc
9.5.3
8o chi,u quay /1ng c6 c kh;ng ch: thBi gian
M tB hoEt 'Sng M,t &,ng c4 &i n 3 pha c th' &@o chi$u quay. Khi )n nt nh)n quay ph@i S1 (NO) th &,ng c4 quay ph@i, &n H1 sng bo &,ng c4 quay ph@i. Khi )n nt nh)n quay tri S2 (NO) th &,ng c4 quay tri, &n H2 sng bo &,ng c4 quay tri. D,ng c4 c th' dUng b)t c? lc no nAu )n nt nh)n dUng S3 (NC) ho>c x@y ra s6 c/ qu dng lm cho tiAp &i'm (NC) c;a thiAt bF b@o v Q1 (motor CB) tc &,ng. Khi dUng th &n bo H0 sng. Vi c &@o chi$u quay khng th' th6c hi n &1Bc sau khi nt dUng S3 &1Bc )n v ch1a hAt 5s chZ cho &,ng c4 dUng hpn. Dn bo chZ &Bi H3 sj ch3p tCt v3i tJn s/ 1Hz trong thZi gian chZ &,ng c4 dUng hpn. S: '/ mEch 'Sng lLc v n,i dy vQi PLC: m ch14ng 7, ta & s0 dOng PLC S7-200 lo.i DC/DC/DC. m ch14ng ny &' gip b.n &]c lm quen v3i nhi$u lo.i ng ra, S7-200 &1Bc s0 dOng l lo.i AC/DC/RLY (Xem thm ch14ng 5). Do ng ra c;a PLC l lo.i relay nn ta c th' n/i tr6c tiAp ng ra v3i cu,n dy c;a contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4, tuy nhin cJn ch &An m.ch an ton cho cc ng ra.
Hnh 9.1 M@ch #$ng l c v n-i dy vo/ra PLC AC/DC/Relay v9i ngo@i vi
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Chu Ch YGc
BBng xc '<nh vo/ra (B>ng k hi'u) K hi u DFa chH Ch thch S1 I0.0 Nt nh)n quay ph@i, NO S2 I0.1 Nt nh)n quay tri, NO S3 I0.2 Nt nh)n dUng, NC Q1 I0.3 TiAp &i'm motor CB b@o v qu t@i, NC K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n quay ph@i K2 Q0.1 Contactor &i$u khi'n quay tri H0 Q0.2 Dn bo &,ng c4 dUng H1 Q0.3 Dn bo &,ng c4 quay ph@i H2 Q0.4 Dn bo &,ng c4 quay tri H3 Q0.5 Dn bo chZ &' &@o chi$u Phn tch: Trong cc bi ton &i$u khi'n &,ng c4, ta cJn ph@i ch xem, nAu c s6 c/ x@y ra v3i cc nt nh)n c lm cho &,ng c4 ho.t &,ng khng theo mong mu/n hay khng. D' &$ phng tr1Zng hBp ny x@y ra, ng1Zi lQp trnh ph@i t.o ra m,t kha. D/i v3i m.ch &@o chi$u quay, c kh/ng chA thZi gian dUng (E &y l 5s) th kha sj kh/ng chA khng cho &,ng c4 khEi &,ng khng theo mong mu/n cang nh1 sai chi$u quay. NAu kha ch1a &1Bc xa v$ 0, th khng th' khEi &,ng hay &@o chi$u &,ng c4 &1Bc. Trong bi ton ny, kha xa v$ 0 khi c@ 2 nt nh)n S1 v S2 khng &1Bc tc &,ng (E tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng), ho>c thZi gian chZ dUng & hAt. Kha &1Bc ch]n l M2.0 Khi nt nh)n dUng S3 &1Bc )n, &,ng c4 dUng v ph@i &Bi trong thZi gian 5s m3i dUng hpn, nn ta cJn nh3 l.i tr.ng thi ny trong thZi gian 5s &' lm &i$u ki n SET cho kha M2.0. Ch]n memory bit M2.3. D' &Fnh thZi 5s, s0 dOng Timer TON. Ch]n timer T33
Ch7:ng trnh 9 LAD:
155
Chu Ch YGc
156
Chu Ch YGc
9.5.4
Chi:u sng Garage
M tB hoEt 'Sng Dn tr13c c0a Garage khng &1Bc tCt ngay lQp t?c khi )n cng tCc, m n vkn cn sng thm m,t kho@ng thZi gian n7a (kho@ng 1 pht) &' cho ng1Zi &i. BBng xc '<nh vo/ra K hi u DFa chH S1 H1 I0.0 Q0.0 Cng tCc Dn chiAu sng Garage Ch thch
N,i dy PLC:
S1 24V AC
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
1M
L1
S7-200 Q0.0 H0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5
AC/DC/RLY 1L 2L
AC
Ch7:ng trnh LAD FBD
STL
157
Chu Ch YGc
9.5.5
Thi:t b> rt ch4t l`ng vo thng ch"a
S: '/ cng nghK
Hnh 9.2: S: #D cng ngh' thi8t bU rt. M tB hoEt 'Sng Khi bQt cng tCc S1 th thng tU kho ch?a thng rWng sj &1Bc &1a vo bRng t@i, v bRng t@i vQn chuy'n thng ho.t &,ng. Khi m,t thng rWng &An d13i b=n ch?a (&1Bc nhQn biAt bEi c@m biAn S2) th bRng t@i dUng. Van Y1 mE rt ch)t lPng trong b=n vo thng. Sau thZi gian 5s th thng ch?a &Jy. Van Y1 &ng l.i, m,t thng rWng sj &1Bc &1a vo bRng t@i v bRng t@i tiAp tOc di chuy'n cho &An khi no thng &An d13i b=n ch?a th dUng l.i. Qu trnh c? l>p l.i. NAu ch)t lPng trong b=n ch?a hAt th ci H1 sj bo v3i tJn s/ 1Hz. NAu thng ch?a trong kho hAt th bRng t@i cang t6 &,ng dUng sau thZi gian 15s k' tU thng cu/i cng &1Bc rt &Jy. Ch : Y2 l m,t solenoid &1Bc s0 dOng &' ch>n thng trong kho. D' thng r3t vo bRng t@i chH cJn solenoid c &i n trong thZi gian 100ms. BBng xc '<nh vo/ra (B>ng k hi'u) K hi u S1 S2 S3 Y1 Y2 K1 H1 DFa chH I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Ch thch Cng tCc ON/OFF thiAt bF rt C@m biAn bo thng &ng vF tr, (NO) C@m biAn bo b=n rWng, b=n rWng =0 Van x@ ch)t lPng vo thng ch?a D>t thng ch?a ln bRng t@i Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 M ko bRng t@i Ci bo b=n ch?a rWng
158
Chu Ch YGc
S: '/ n,i dy vQi PLC
Ch7:ng trnh 9 LAD
159
Chu Ch YGc
Ch7:ng trnh 9 STL
160
Chu Ch YGc
9.6 Cu hì v bi t2p

BT9.1 n hnh lang hoKc /n c@u thang c />nh thBi. Trn t1Zng c;a cc hnh lang chung c1, tr13c mWi c0a cRn h, c gCn m,t nt nh)n (gi@ s0 hnh lang c 6 cRn h, t14ng ?ng 6 nt )n tU S1 &An S6) . Khi tc &,ng nt nh)n th &n chiAu sng hnh lang (g=m c 6 &n H1 &An H6) sj sng trong thZi gian 1 pht r=i sau & t6 &,ng tCt. NAu trong thZi gian 1 pht m c m,t nt nh)n no & &1Bc )n tiAp tOc th &n sj sng thm 1 pht n7a k' tU lc )n sau cng. Yu cJu: 1. LQp b@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra 2. Vj s4 &= n/i dy vo/ra v ngu=n c)p cho PLC S7-200 AC/DC/RLY. 3. ViAt ch14ng trnh v sau & n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra. BT9.2 T7o OFF-delay Timer TU m,t ON-delay timer, hy viAt ch14ng trnh t.o OFF-delay timer theo s4 &= E mOc 9.4. BT9.3 i,u khi0n n v Qu7t ht Trong m,t phng v sinh c trang bF m,t &n chiAu sng v m,t qu.t ht kh. Khi vo phng, bQt cng tCc ln vF tr ON th &n sng. NAu E trong phng lu h4n thZi gian 3 pht th qu.t ht t6 &,ng ho.t &,ng. Khi ra khPi phng bQt cng tCc v$ vF tr OFF th &n tCt. NAu qu.t ht & ho.t &,ng th sau khi &n tCt kho@ng 5 pht n m3i t6 &,ng dUng. Yu cJu: 1. LQp b@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra 2. Vj s4 &= n/i dy PLC v3i ngo.i vi
161
Chu Ch YGc
2. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra BT9.4 i,u khi0n b6m n#Ic M,t b=n ch?a n13c &1Bc lm &Jy bEi m,t b4m M. B4m ny c hai chA &, ho.t &,ng:
max
* Ch8 #$ tay: D>t cng tCc ch]n chA &, S1 E vF tr Manu. Dn H1 sng bo chA &, tay. m chA &, tay, b4m chH c th' ho.t &,ng nAu )n nt nh)n S1 ON (NO). B4m sj t6 &,ng tCt nAu )n nt nh)n S2 OFF (NC) ho>c n13c trong b=n &.t &An gi trF max (&1Bc pht hi n bEi c@m biAn S5).
H1 ON OFF
Manu
Auto
min
Hnh 9.3 S: #D cng ngh' #i/u khi+n b:m * Ch8 #$ t #$ng: Khi &>t cng tCc S1 v$ vF tr Auto, th b4m n13c ho.t &,ng t6 &,ng. NAu n13c xu/ng d13i m?c min (pht hi n bEi c@m biAn S4) th b4m sj &1Bc &ng &i n bEi contactor K1. Khi n13c trong b=n ln &An vF tr max th contactor m)t &i n v &,ng c4 b4m n13c dUng. m chA &, t6 &,ng th &n H1 tCt. Nh9m lo.i trU s6 sng snh c;a m>t n13c khi b4m lm cho c@m biAn bo m6c n13c E vF tr max khng chnh xc, th &,ng c4 b4m n13c cJn ph@i ko di thZi gian ho.t &,ng thm 1s n7a r=i m3i dUng hpn cho c@ hai tr1Zng hBp Manual v Auto. B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra K hi u DFa chH S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 K1 H1 Yu cJu: 1. Vj s4 &= m.ch &,ng l6c n/i contactor v3i &,ng c4 b4m n13c 3pha 2. LQp b@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 Q0.0 Q0.1 Ch thch Cng tCc ch]n chA &,, 0: Auto; 1: Manual Nt nh)n mE my b4m n13c E chA &, Manual, NO Nt nh)n dUng b4m n13c E chA &, tay, NC C@m biAn bo b=n n13c E min, NC C@m biAn bo b=n n13c E max, NC Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 b4m n13c Dn bo chA &, Manual.
162
Chu Ch YGc
3. Vj s4 &= n/i dy PLC 4. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra. BT9.5 i,u khi0n cHa l
M,t c0a l c ch?c nRng mE, &ng v E vF tr b)t k` &1Bc &i$u khi'n bEi m,t cylinder. m vF tr bnh th1Zng th c0a l &1Bc &ng. Khi tc &,ng nt nh)n S1 (NO) th c0a l mE ra v khi &An cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n mE c0a S4 (NC) th dUng l.i. NAu c0a & mE ra E vF tr gi3i h.n mE c0a S4 th sj t6 &,ng &ng l.i sau thZi gian 6s ho>c nt nh)n &ng c0a S2 (NO) &1Bc )n. Khi &An gi3i h.n c0a &ng S5 (NC) th vi c &ng c0a kAt thc. Qu trnh &ng c0a dUng ngay lQp t?c nAu c@m biAn L1 (NO) bF tc &,ng. Nh1ng nAu c@m biAn quang khng bF tc &,ng th qu trnh &ng c0a vkn tiAp tOc. Khi c0a l &ang dFch chuy'n c th' dUng b9ng cch )n nt dUng S3 (NC).
S4 &= cng ngh
Hnh 9.4 Yi/u khi+n c[a l bPng kh nn v9i van 5/3. B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra K hi u DFa chH S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 L1 Y1 Y2 I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 Q0.0 Q0.1 Nt nh)n mE c0a l Nt nh)n &ng c0a l Nt nh)n dUng, NC Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n mE c0a, NC Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n &ng c0a, NC C@m biAn quang, NO Van &i$u khi'n cylnder &ng c0a Van &i$u khi'n cylnder mE c0a Ch thch
163
9 B$ #Unh thKi (Timer) Yu cJu: 1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC 2. ViAt ch14ng trnh v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra. BT9.6
Chu Ch YGc
i,u khi0n qu trnh khNi /1ng /1ng c6 rotor dy qu4n
Nh9m trnh dng &i n khEi &,ng cao trong cc &,ng c4 rotor dy qu)n c gCn thm cc &i n trE phO. Khi tc &,ng nt nh)n mE my S1 (NO), th contactor K1 c &i n. Cc contactor K2, K3 v K4 bCt &Ju &ng lJn l1Bt cch nhau m,t kho@ng thZi gian l 5s. Khi contactor cu/i cng l K4 &1Bc &ng th rotor &1Bc ngCn m.ch v &,ng c4 ho.t &,ng E chA &, &Fnh m?c. Khi tc &,ng nt nh)n S0 (NC) th &,ng c4 dUng. S4 &= cng ngh
Hnh 9.5: Yi/u khi+n khHi #$ng #$ng c: rotor dy qu7n Yu cJu: 1. LQp b@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra 2. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC lo.i DC/DC/DC 3. ViAt ch14ng trnh v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra. BT9.7 Gim st ho7t /1ng bang t8i bEng c8m bi:n pht xung M,t bRng t@i &1Bc truy$n &,ng thng qua m,t &,ng c4. Khi bRng t@i ho.t &,ng th c@m biAn gim st bRng t@i S2 pht xung c &i n p 24V v3i tJn s/ 10Hz. Khi bRng t@i &?ng yn th S2 pht ra tn hi u 0. Khi c lWi x@y ra, v dO bRng t@i bF kst, tn hi u gim st khng pht ra, ta cang khng biAt l &,ng c4 c tCt hay khng. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny, &,ng c4 ko bRng t@i ph@i dUng ngay lQp t?c v chung bo bRng t@i bF lWi H1 vang v3i tJn s/ 2Hz. BRng t@i khEi &,ng b9ng nt nh)n S1 (NO). BRng t@i dUng b9ng nt nh)n S0 (NC).
164
Chu Ch YGc
S4 &= cng ngh
Hnh 9.6: Gim st ho@t #$ng b\ng t>i bPng c>m bi8n pht xung. B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra K hi u DFa chH S0 S1 S2 K1 H1 Yu cJu: 1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC lo.i DC/DC/DC 2. ViAt ch14ng trnh v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra. BT9.8 Gim st ho7t /1ng bang t8i bEng thBi gian M,t bRng t@i vQn chuy'n s@n ph[m &1Bc truy$n &,ng thng qua m,t &,ng c4. S@n ph[m trn bRng t@i &1Bc nhQn biAt bEi hai c@m biAn S2 v S3. ThZi gian t/i &a &' s@n ph[m di chuy'n tU S2 &An S3 l 3s. NAu v1Bt qu thZi gian ny th bRng t@i xem nh1 bF lWi. Khi bF lWi th &,ng c4 ko bRng t@i dUng ngay lQp t?c v m,t chung bo pht ra v3i tJn s/ 3Hz. BRng t@i khEi &,ng b9ng nt nh)n S1 (NO). BRng t@i dUng b9ng nt nh)n S0 (NC). I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 Q0.0 Q0.1 Nt nh)n dUng, NC Nt nh)n mE my, NO C@m biAn gim st bRng t@i, xung Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 bRng t@i Dn bo Ch thch
S: #D cng ngh'
165
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 9.7: Gim st ho@t #$ng b\ng t>i bPng thKi gian. B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra K hi u DFa chH S0 S1 S2 S3 K1 H1 Yu cJu: 1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC lo.i DC/DC/DC 2. ViAt ch14ng trnh v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra. BT9.9 KhNi /1ng Sao-tam gic Th6c hi n trnh t6 khEi &,ng t6 &,ng sao-tam gic c;a m,t &,ng c4 &i n khng &=ng b, 3 pha rotor l=ng sc v3i PLC theo s4 &= hnh 9.8. Khi )n nt nh)n S1 (NO), th &,ng c4 ho.t &,ng E chA &, sao (K1 v K2 &ng). V sau m,t thZi gian &>t tr13c (gi@ s0 10s), th t6 &,ng chuy'n sang chA &, tam gic (K2 m)t &i n, K3 c &i n). Khi )n nt S0 (NC) th &,ng c4 dUng ngay lQp t?c. Trong tr1Zng hBp qu t@i (&1Bc bo bEi tiAp &i'm nhi t F2) th &,ng c4 cang dUng. I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 Q0.0 Q0.1 Nt nh)n dUng, NC Nt nh)n mE my, NO C@m biAn gim st s@n ph[m 1, NO C@m biAn gim st s@n ph[m 2, NO Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 bRng t@i Chung bo Ch thch
S: #D m@ch #$ng l c
166
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 9.8: M@ch #$ng l c khHi #$ng sao-tam gic. B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra K hi u DFa chH S0 S1 F2 K1 K2 K3 Yu cJu: 1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC lo.i AC/DC/RLY 2. ViAt ch14ng trnh v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra. BT9.10 Ki0m tra ch4t l#Lng s8n phgm D= h,p &1Bc vQn chuy'n trn m,t bRng t@i. Cc h,p cch nhau m,t kho@ng nhP. Cc h,p & &1Bc &ng nCp cJn &1Bc ki'm tra tnh tr.ng &K &Jy. Vi c ki'm tra ch)t l1Bng &1Bc th6c hi n v3i m,t ngu=n pht tia Gamma, &Ju thu sj pht tn hi u 1 nAu h,p khng &1Bc &K &Jy. Vi c &o &1Bc th6c hi n xong nAu cng tCc hnh trnh S1 bF tc &,ng (pht ra tn hi u 1). Tr1Zng hBp h,p khng &1Bc &K &Jy th sau thZi gian &o 2s, van Y1 &i$u khi'n Cylinder &[y h,p km ch)t l1Bng ra ngoi. S: #D cng ngh' I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Nt nh)n dUng, NC Nt nh)n mE my, NO Bo qu dng, NC Contactor ngu=n Contactor ch.y sao Contactor ch.y tam gic Ch thch
167
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 9.9: Ki+m tra ch7t l!Ang s>n phdm B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra K hi u DFa chH S1 S2 S3 Y1 Yu cJu: 1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC lo.i AC/DC/RLY. 2. ViAt ch14ng trnh v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra. BT9.11 i,u khi0n /n giao thng M,t giao l, c l/i &i dnh cho ng1Zi &i b, v t ho.t &,ng E hai chA &, ngy v &m. * Ch8 #$ ngy Dn ho.t &,ng hon ton t6 &,ng theo gi@n &= thZi gian hnh 9.10. ChA &, ngy &1Bc ch]n khi cng tCc S1 E logic 1. * Ch8 #$ #m Khi &>t cng tCc S1 E logic 0 th b, &i$u khi'n chuy'n sang ho.t &,ng E chA &, &m. Khi chuy'n sang chA &, &m th chA &, ngy bF cCt ngay lQp t?c. T)t c@ cc &n &$u tCt, chH c &n vng E &1Zng dnh cho t ch3p tCt v3i tJn s/ 1Hz. S: #D cng ngh' v gi>n #D thKi gian I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 Q0.0 Ch thch Cng tCc hnh trnh, NO (tc &,ng S1=1) Ngu=n tia Gama, khng &Jy S2=1 C@m biAn bo Cylinder & &An cu/i hnh trnh, NO Van &i$u khi'n Cylinder
168
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 9.10: S: #D cng ngh' #n giao thng v gi>n #D thKi gian B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra K hi u DFa chH S1 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 I0.0 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 t &P t vng t xanh Di b, &P Di b, xanh Ch thch Cng tCc ch]n chA &,, 1: ngy; 0: &m
169
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
Chu Ch YGc
10
B1 /:m (Counter)
10.1
GiIi thiGu
Trong nhi$u tr1Zng hBp, vi c ki'm tra m,t s/ l1Bng xc &Fnh ph@i thng qua tKng cc xung. C th' th6c hi n &Am cc xung ny b9ng cc b, &Am. S0 dOng b, &Am c th' gi@i quyAt &1Bc m,t s/ v)n &$ sau: DAm s/ l1Bng So snh v3i m,t gi trF &>t tr13c E cc tr1Zng hBp b9ng nhau, nhP h4n, l3n h4n. Ki'm tra s6 khc bi t v$ s/ l1Bng.
Trong &i$u khi'n vF tr th vi c s0 dOng b, &Am t/c &, cao l khng th' thiAu. PhJn &i$u khi'n vF tr v b, &Am t/c &, cao sj &1Bc trnh by chi tiAt trong tQp 2 c;a b, sch ny. m ch14ng ny chH &$ cQp &An cc b, &Am thng th1Zng. B, &Am cang c th' s0 dOng &' th6c hi n cc nhi m vO nh1: C,ng cc xung c;a b, pht xung nhFp v d6a vo & &' g]i cc giai &o.n &i$u khi'n lin tiAp nhau. Ho>c cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n theo chu k` l>p nh1 &i$u khi'n &n giao thng. Cc PLC th1Zng c 3 lo.i b, &Am: b, &Am ln, b, &Am xu/ng, b, &Am ln-xu/ng. C 256 b, &Am E S7-200 c &Fa chH tU C0 &An C255. Chng cang c 3 lo.i b, &Am l: + B, &Am ln CTU (Up Counter). + B, &Am xu/ng CTD (Down Counter). + B, &Am ln-xu/ng (Up/Down Counter). Khi s0 dOng m,t counter chng ta cJn ph@i xc &Fnh cc thng s/ sau: Lo.i counter (CTU, CTD hay CTUD) S/ c;a counter sj s0 dOng, khng &1Bc gn cng m,t s/ counter cho nhi$u counter. Khai bo gi trF cJn &Am cho counter. Tn hi u xung cung c)p cho b, &Am. Tn hi u xa b, &Am.
170
Chu Ch YGc
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
10.2
B1 /:m ln CTU (Count Up)

V3i: Cxxx: K hi u v s/ th? t6 c;a counter, v dO: C10. CTU: K hi u nhQn biAt b, &Am ln CU: R: DAm ln. Ng vo bit, Xa b, &Am v$ 0. Ng vo bit,
B, &Am CTU &1Bc bi'u di\n E LAD nh1 sau:
PV: Gi trF &>t tr13c cho b, &Am. Bi'u di\n E s/ Integer. MWi khi tn hi u t.i CU tU m?c 0 ln 1 th b, &Am sj tRng gi trF hi n hnh c;a n ln 1 &4n vF. Khi gi trF hi n hnh c;a b, &Am (Cxxx) l3n h4n ho>c b9ng gi trF &>t tr13c t.i ng vo PV (Preset Value) th ng ra bit c;a counter (counter bit) sj ln m?c 1. Gi trF &Am ln t/i &a l 32.767. Ph.m vi c;a b, &Am l C0 &An C255. B, &Am sj bF xa v$ 0 khi ng vo Reset (R) ln m?c 1, ho>c khi s0 dOng l nh Reset &' xa b, &Am. V d): C? mWi xung tU 0 chuy'n ln 1 t.i ng vo I0.0, b, &Am sj tRng 1 &4n vF. TU xung th? 5 trE &i ng ra Q0.0 sj ln 1. NAu c xung vo t.i ng I0.1 th ng ra Q0.0 xu/ng 0. LAD FBD STL
Gi>n #D xung:
171
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
Chu Ch YGc
D' l)y counter CTU, trong cy l nh b)m vo d)u (+) c;a bi'u t1Bng , sau & ch]n , b)m v gi7 chu,t tri ko th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n trong ch14ng trnh. NhQp cc thng tin E Cxxx, CU, R v PV.
10.3
B1 /:m xu;ng CTD (Count Down)

V3i: Cxxx: K hi u v s/ th? t6 c;a counter, v dO: C20. CTD: K hi u nhQn biAt b, &Am xu/ng CD: LD: PV: Ng vo &Am xu/ng. Ng vo bit, N.p gi trF &>t tr13c cho b, &Am xu/ng.Ng vo bit, Gi trF &>t tr13c cho b, &Am. Bi'u di\n E s/ Integer.
B, &Am xu/ng CTD &1Bc bi'u di\n E LAD nh1 sau:
MWi khi tn hi u t.i CD tU m?c 0 ln 1 th b, &Am sj gi@m gi trF hi n hnh c;a n xu/ng 1 &4n vF. Khi gi trF hi n hnh c;a b, &Am (Cxxx) b9ng 0, th Counter Bit Cxxx ln 1. B, &Am xa Counter Bit Cxxx v n.p gi trF &>t tr13c E PV khi ng vo LD (load) ln m?c 1. B, &Am sj dUng &Am khi gi trF hi n hnh b9ng 0 v counter bit Cxxx ln 1. Ph.m vi c;a b, &Am l C0 &An C255. Khi xa b, &Am b9ng l nh Reset, counter bit bF xa v gi trF hi n hnh &1Bc &>t v$ 0. D' l)y counter CTD, trong cy l nh b)m vo d)u (+) c;a bi'u t1Bng , sau & ch]n , b)m v gi7 chu,t tri ko th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n trong ch14ng trnh. NhQp cc thng tin E Cxxx, CD, LD v PV. V d): S0 dOng b, &Am xu/ng C2, gi trF hi n hnh gi@m tU 3 trE v$ 0. V3i I0.1 E logic 0 v mWi lJn I0.0 chuy'n tU 0 ln 1 th b, &Am C2 gi@m &i m,t &4n vF. Khi gi trF hi n hnh trong b, &Am C2 b9ng 0 th ng ra Q0.0 ln 1. Khi I0.1 E 1 th b, &Am &1Bc &>t tr13c gi trF &Am l 3. LAD FBD STL
172
Chu Ch YGc
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
Gi>n #D xung:
10.4
B1 /:m ln-xu;ng CTUD (Count Up/Down)

V3i: Cxxx: CU: CD: R: K hi u v s/ th? t6 c;a counter, v dO: C0. Ng vo &Am ln. Ng vo bit Ng vo &Am xu/ng. Ng vo bit, Xa b, &Am v$ 0.Ng vo bit, CTUD: K hi u nhQn biAt b, &Am ln-xu/ng
B, &Am xu/ng CTUD &1Bc bi'u di\n E LAD nh1 sau:
PV: Gi trF &>t tr13c cho b, &Am. Bi'u di\n E s/ Integer. L nh &Am ln-xu/ng (CTUD) sj &Am ln mWi khi ng vo &Am ln (CU) tU m?c 0 ln 1, v &Am xu/ng mWi khi ng vo &Am xu/ng (CD) chuy'n tU 0 ln 1. Gi trF hi n hnh Cxxx gi7 gi trF hi n hnh c;a b, &Am. Gi trF &>t tr13c PV &1Bc so snh v3i gi trF hi n hnh mWi khi th6c hi n l nh &Am. Khi &.t &An gi trF max (32.767), th E c.nh ln kA tiAp t.i ng vo &Am ln b, &Am sj &>t v$ gi trF min (-32.768). Khi &.t &An gi trF min (-32.768), th E c.nh ln kA tiAp t.i ng vo &Am xu/ng b, &Am sj &>t v$ gi trF max (32.767). Khi gi trF hi n hnh Cxxx l3n h4n ho>c b9ng gi trF &>t tr13c PV, th Counter Bit Cxxx ln 1. Ng1Bc l.i Counter Bit Cxxx b9ng 0. Ph.m vi c;a b, &Am l C0 &An C255. B, &Am sj bF xa v$ 0 khi ng vo Reset (R) ln m?c 1, ho>c khi s0 dOng l nh Reset &' xa b, &Am. D' l)y counter CTUD, trong cy l nh b)m vo d)u (+) c;a bi'u t1Bng , sau & ch]n , b)m v gi7 chu,t tri ko th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n trong ch14ng trnh. NhQp cc thng tin E Cxxx, CU,CD, R v PV.
173
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
Chu Ch YGc
V d): S0 dOng b, &Am xu/ng C3. Ng vo &Am ln n/i v3i I0.0. Ng vo &Am xu/ng n/i v3i I0.1. Xa b, &Am b9ng I0.2. Khi b, &Am c gi trF hi n hnh >=4 th ng ra Q0.0 ln 1. LAD FBD
Network 1 LD LD LD I0.0 I0.1 I0.2
STL
CTUD C3, 4
Network 2 LD = C3 Q0.0
Gi>n #D xung:
10.5
10.5.1
_ng d%ng b1 /:m

:m s8n phgm /#Lc /ng gi
S@n ph[m & &ng gi &1Bc &1a vo m,t thng ch?a b9ng m,t bRng t@i (ko bEi &,ng c4 M). MWi thng ch?a &1Bc 10 s@n ph[m. Khi s@n ph[m & &1Bc &Am &; th bRng t@i dUng l.i &$ cho ng1Zi vQn hnh &1a m,t thng rWng vo. Sau khi ng1Zi vQn hnh )n nt S1(NO) &' tiAp tOc th bRng t@i ho.t &,ng. Qu trnh c? l>p &i l>p l.i cho &An khi no )n nt dUng S0 (NC). S@n ph[m tr13c khi &1a vo thng sj &i qua c@m biAn quang S2 (NC). S: '/ cng nghK:
174
Chu Ch YGc
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
Hnh 10.1: Y8m s>n phdm #!Ac #ng gi BBng xc '<nh vo/ra K hiKu S0 S1 S2 K1 3<a ch> I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 Q0.0 Nt nh)n dUng, NC Nt nh)n khEi &,ng bRng t@i, NO C@m biAn nhQn biAt s@n ph[m, NC Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 M Ch thch
N,i dy vQi PLC
Phn tch * Y$ng c: ko b\ng t>i: Di$u ki n ho.t &,ng: - Nt nh)n S1 (NO) &1Bc tc &,ng Di$u ki n dUng: - Nt nh)n dUng S0 (NC) &1Bc tc &,ng, ho>c - DAm &; 10 s@n ph[m (b, &Am C1). NAu s0 dOng Set, Reset:
175
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
Chu Ch YGc
Di$u ki n Set &,ng c4 M: K1= S1 Di$u k n Reset &,ng c4 M: K1=
S0 C1
V 1u tin dUng my nn s0 dOng 1u tin Reset. Ngoi ra khi & &Am &; 10 s@n ph[m th Counter Bit C1 lun lun =1 nn E ng R c;a khu RS ta s0 dOng c.nh ln &/i v3i bit C1. * B$ #8m C1: V &Am &An 10 s@n ph[m th pht tn hi u &' &,ng c4 dUng, nn E &y s0 dOng b, &Am ln. Di$u ki n ng vo &Am ln CU: = S2 Gi trF &>t cho b, &Am PV:= 10 Di$u ki n xa b, &Am R:= c.nh ln K1 Ch : V chn Reset(R) c;a b, &Am sj xa b, &Am v$ 0 theo m?c logic nn ta ph@i s0 dOng c.nh ln E ng vo. Ch7:ng trnh LAD STL
Network 1 ON/OFF bang tai LD I0.1 LDN I0.0 LD C1 EU OLD NOT LPS A Q0.0 = Q0.0 LPP ALD O Q0.0 = Q0.0 Network 2 Dem san pham LDN I0.2 LD Q0.0 EU CTU C1, 10
10.5.2 Ki0m sot che cho Garage ng@m M,t Garage ngJm c 20 chW &Qu xe. m ng vo c hai &n bo: Dn &P bo hi u Garage & hAt chW, &n xanh bo hi u Garage cn chW tr/ng. D1Zng vo v &1Zng ra chH cho php m,t xe ch.y. S4 &= cng ngh &1Bc cho E hnh 10.2. Hai c@m biAn S1 v S2 &1Bc &>t gJn nhau &' nhQn biAt xe vo v ra.
176
Chu Ch YGc
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
S1
S2
24V
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
...
S7-200 DC/DC/DC
Q0.0 DP Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 ... 1L
Xanh
24V
Hnh 10.2: S: #D Ragare ng6m v s: #D n-i dy PLC B@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra K hiKu 3<a ch> S1 S2 DP Xanh Phn tch * Nh1n bi8t xe vo/ra V Garage ngJm chH c m,t c0a ra vo cho m,t ln xe ch.y, nn khng th' l)y ring lo m,t c@m biAn &' nhQn biAt xa vo v c@m biAn cn l.i &' nhQn biAt xe ra v sj c s6 trng lCp v khng r rng. D' gi@i quyAt, kAt hBp c@ hai c@m biAn ny. Gi@n &= xung cho xe vo r ra Garage nh1 sau: I0.0 I0.1 Q0.0 Q0.1 Ch thch C@m biAn nhQn biAt xe vo/ra C@m biAn nhQn biAt xe ra/vo Dn bo hAt chW &Qu xe Dn bo cn chW &Qu xe
TU gi@n &= thZi gian ta nhQn th)y: Tn hi u xe vo:= c.nh ln S2 AND m?c logic 1 c;a S1 Tn hi u xe ra:= c.nh ln S1 AND m?c logic 1 c;a S2
177
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
Chu Ch YGc
* B$ #8m V s/ l1Bng xe trong Ragage thay &Ki khi c xe vo v ra, nn E &y s0 dOng b, &Am ln v xu/ng. Ngoi ra, &' &4n gi@n khi khEi &,ng l.i PLC th b, &Am xa v$ 0, ta c thng tin cho cc ng vo c;a b, &Am nh1 sau: Ng vo &Am ln CU:= Tn hi u xe vo Ng vo &Am xu/ng:= Tn hi u xe ra Ng vo gi trF &>t tr13c PV:= 20 Ng vo xa b, &Am R:= SM0.1
* Dn bo Garage cn chW tr/ng (&n xanh):= Ch7:ng trnh LAD
C1
* Dn bo Garage hAt chW tr/ng (&n &P):= C1. STL

Network 1 Dem xe ra/vao Ragage LD I0.1 EU A I0.0 LD I0.0 EU A I0.1 LD SM0.1 CTUD C1, 20 Network 2 Bao con cho trong (den xanh) LDN C1 = Q0.1 Network 3 Bao het cho dau xe (den do) LD C1 = Q0.0
10.6
Cu hì v bi t2p
i,u khi0n bAn s4y
BT10.6.1
M,t b=n s)y ho.t &,ng nh1 sau:
178
Chu Ch YGc
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
Khi )n nt khEi &,ng S1 (NO), th b=n s)y quay ph@i 20s, t6 &,ng dUng l.i 5s, sau & quay tri 20s, t6 &,ng dUng l.i 5s. Qu trnh c? l>p &i l>p l.i cho &An khi )n nt dUng S2 (NC) ho>c sau thZi gian 20 chu k` l>p sj t6 &,ng dUng l.i. Yu cJu: 1. 2. 3. BT10.6.2 LQp b@ng xc &Fnh vo ra (khi lQp b@ng ch li t k lun cc bit nh3, b, &Am, timer v nghâ c;a chng trong ch14ng trnh). LQp b@ng n/i dy v3i PLC ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra. i,u khi0n b0 an mn
M,t b' ch?a dung dFch Rn mn &' Rn mn phJn &=ng cn thUa trn t)m m.ch in. GiP ch?a cc t)m m.ch &1Bc treo vo m,t cJn nh1 hnh 10.3. Khi )n nt khEi &,ng S1 (NO) th cJn h. giP xu/ng &An gi3i h.n d13i S3 (NC) &' &>t cc t)m m.ch in ngQp trong dung dFch Rn mn. Sau thZi gian 15s th cJn nng ln &An gi3i h.n trn c;a cJn S2 (NC) th t6 &,ng h. xu/ng trE l.i. Chu k` l>p l.i &1Bc 6 lJn th t6 &,ng dUng ho>c c th' )n nt dUng S0 (NC). Khi h th/ng &ang ho.t &,ng th &n bo H1 sng.
Hnh 10.3 S: #D cng ngh' b+ \n mn B@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra K hiKu 3<a ch> S0 S1 S2 S3 K1 K2 H1 I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Nt nh)n dUng, NC Nt nh)n khEi &,ng, NO Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n trn, NC Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n d13i, NC Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 ko giP ln Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 h. giP xu/ng Dn bo h th/ng ho.t &,ng Ch thch
179
10 B$ #8m (Counter)
Chu Ch YGc
Yu cJu: 1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy PLC 2. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n BT10.6.3 Ki0m sot bang chuy,n s8n phgm M,t h th/ng bRng chuy$n s@n ph[m &1Bc cho theo s4 &= cng ngh nh1 hnh vj 10.4. Khi )n nt "start" th bRng chuy$n thng ho.t &,ng. Khi thng &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh S3 (NO) th bRng chuy$n thng dUng l.i, bRng chuy$n s@n ph[m & &ng gi bCt &Ju chuy'n &,ng. C@m biAn S2(NC) &1Bc dng &' &Am s/ luBng s@n ph[m. Khi &Am &1Bc 12 s@n ph[m th bRng chuy$n s@n ph[m dUng v bRng chuy$n thng l.i bCt &Ju chuy'n &,ng. B, &Am &1Bc &>t l.i v qu trnh vQn hnh lQp l.i cho &An khi )n nt "stop" (NC).
Hnh 10.4 S: #D cng ngh' b\ng chuy/n s>n phdm B@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra K hiKu 3<a ch> Start Stop S2 S3 K1 K2 Yu cJu: 1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy PLC 2. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 Q0.0 Q0.1 Ch thch Nt nh)n khEi &,ng h th/ng, NO Nt nh)n dUng h th/ng, NC C@m biAn &Am s/ l1Bng s@n ph[m, NC Cng tCc hnh trnh nhQn biAt thng, NO Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 bRng chuy$n thng Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 bRng chuy$n s@n ph[m
180
Chu Ch YGc
11 Yi/u khi+n trnh t
11
i,u khi0n trnh tD
11.1
C4u trc chung cJa m1t ch#6ng trnh /i,u khi0n
Trong phJn ny &$ c>p &An vi c tK ch?c v c)u trc cho ch14ng trnh PLC, nghâ l trong ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n g=m cc phJn c lin quan &An cc v)n &$ nh1 cc chA &, ho.t &,ng, cc ch?c nRng c4 b@n, trnh t6 x0 l, kch ho.t cc ng ra, hi'n thF tr.ng thi theo trnh t6 sau: 1. BCt &Ju ch14ng trnh 2. Cc chA &, ho.t &,ng v cc ch?c nRng c4 b@n KhEi t.o vF tr c4 b@n. Cc &i$u ki n cho php c;a ng ra. M.ch logic &i$u khi'n. Kch ho.t cc ng ra. Xu)t cc chH thF, chH bo.
3. KAt thc ch14ng trnh. 3oEn ch7:ng trnh 'i(u khi*n chM 'S hoEt dSng KhHi t@o vU tr c: b>n
Cc thiAt bF vQt l &1Bc &i$u khi'n &$u c vF tr c4 b@n, v dO khi cc c4 c)u tc &,ng E cc tr.ng thi OFF v cc cng tCc hnh trnh E vF tr hE. T)t c@ cc yAu t/ ny c th' &1Bc tK hBp logic v3i nhau &' bo hi u v khEi t.o vF tr c4 b@n, v &1Bc lQp trnh nh1 l m,t b13c trong chuWi trnh t6. Yo@n ch!:ng trnh chGc n\ng khHi #$ng hay dMng qu trnh #i/u khi+n. HJu hAt cc &i$u khi'n trong cng nghi p &$u c nt khEi &,ng (START) v nt dUng (STOP) m c th' lQp trnh cho hnh vi c;a chng. Cc nt ny &1Bc lQp trnh b9ng cc tiAp &i'm logic th6c hi n khEi &,ng hay dUng ton b, ho.t &,ng &i$u khi'n c;a PLC. Cang c th' c m,t cng tCc b9ng tay &' cho php hay khng cho php cc ng ra, dng khi ki'm tra ch14ng trnh. 3oEn ch7:ng trnh xJ l 'i(u khi*n
181
Chu Ch YGc
Dy l phJn chnh c;a ch14ng ny, bao g=m vi c thiAt kA v lQp trnh cc &i$u khi'n dng c4 chA trnh t6 hay logic tK hBp. Cc kAt qu@ c;a s6 tK hBp logic trn th1Zng khng tr6c tiAp kch cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh, m thng qua cc nh3 trung gian. 3oEn ch7:ng trnh kch cc ng ra Cc tn hi u ng ra dng &' kch c4 c)u tc &,ng &1Bc kho lkn bEi cc nh3 trung gian hnh thnh tU cc &o.n ch14ng trnh x0 l &i$u khi'n. 3oEn ch7:ng trnh xuWt cc ch> th<, ch> bo Cc tr.ng thi c;a qu trnh ho.t &,ng th1Zng &1Bc bi'u thF b9ng &n, chung&' ng1Zi vQn hnh my c cc quyAt &Fnh thch hBp. Vi c lQp trnh theo c)u trc nh1 trn nh9m lm cho ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n c &, tin cQy cao h4n, d\ hi'u h4n, cho php xc &Fnh lWi nhanh chng v rt ngCn &1Bc thZi gian b@o tr, s0a ch7a.
11.2
i,u khi0n trnh tD
11.2.1 GiIi thiGu

Trong cng nghi p, hJu hAt cc d6 n &i$u khi'n x@y ra m,t cch trnh t6, khu x0 l sau chQm h4n khu x0 l tr13c m,t kho@ng thZi gian xc &Fnh. V dO nh1 qu trnh chuy'n &,ng m3i bCt &Ju nAu nh1 m,t qu trnh khc &1Bc kAt thc. V)n &$ ny c th' &1Bc gi@i quyAt b9ng &i$u khi'n lin kAt, v3i vi c kAt n/i c?ng cc &i$u ki n trong ch14ng trnh. Nh1ng E &y chH ra r9ng tU m,t khun khK &i$u khi'n & biAt th vi c gi@i quyAt v)n &$ b9ng &i$u khi'n lin kAt l r)t kh &]c ch14ng trnh v vi c tm lWi ph@i m)t nhi$u thZi gian. NAu m,t d6 n &1Bc th6c hi n theo ph14ng php &i$u khi'n trnh t6 th c)u trc ch14ng trnh c th' nhQn biAt m,t cch d\ dng v d6 n c th' &1Bc bi'u di\n b9ng hnh @nh. Di$u khi'n trnh t6 gip cho ng1Zi &]c &]c ch14ng trnh m,t cch d\ dng, ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n &1Bc trnh by theo c)u trc, 1u &i'm c;a n l gip cho vi c lQp trnh, thay &Ki v tm lWi cc d6 n m,t cch c hi u qu@. D' d\ hi'u ta xt M$t h' th-ng nng hng ho@t #$ng nh! sau : Bn nng E vF tr d13i v hng ho sj &1Bc &1a vo bn nng. NAu nt khEi &,ng &1Bc )n th bn nng &1Bc h th/ng nng &1a ln cao, khi ln &An gi3i h.n trn th h th/ng nng ngUng l.i v bRng t@i trn bn nng ho.t &,ng ko hng ho &1a sang b, phQn khc. Sau khi hng ho &1Bc l)y xong th bRng t@i dUng, lc ny bn sj &1Bc h. xu/ng khi &An vF tr d13i th dUng l.i,v m,t qu trnh m3i l.i bCt &Ju. TU yu cJu cng ngh c;a h th/ng nng hng ny ta c th' bi'u di\n theo ph14ng php &i$u khi'n trnh t6 nh1 E hnh 11.1.
182
Chu Ch YGc
Bn nng E vF tr d13i Hng ha &1Bc &1a vo bn KhEi &,ng 1 Nng KhEi &,ng 2 L)y hng Hng ha & &1Bc l)y 3 H. Gi3i h.n d13i 4 Hon t)t Hnh 11.1: V d) h' th-ng nng hng #!Ac bi+u di`n theo s: #D chGc n\ng trong #i/u khi+n trnh t . Nu &i'm c;a ph14ng php &i$u khi'n trnh t6 l: ThiAt kA, lQp trnh nhanh v &4n gi@n. C)u trc ch14ng trnh r rng. Thay &Ki d\ dng trnh t6 th6c hi n. NhQn biAt nhanh chng cc nguyn gy ra lWi. Nhi$u ki'u ho.t &,ng khc nhau c th' th6c hi n &1Bc. NS H th/ng h. ho.t &,ng NS BRng t@i ho.t &,ng NS H th/ng nng ho.t &,ng
TU cc 1u &i'm ny m trong th6c tA r)t nhi$u bi ton &i$u khi'n &1Bc gi@i quyAt b9ng ph14ng php &i$u khi'n trnh t6. Di$u khi'n trnh t6 c th' chia lm hai lo.i: Di$u khi'n trnh t6 theo thZi gian .
183
Chu Ch YGc
Di$u khi'n trnh t6 theo qu trnh .
Yi/u khi+n trnh t theo thKi gian : m &i$u khi'n trnh t6 theo thZi gian th &i$u ki n chuy'n tiAp chH phO thu,c vo thZi gian. Cc khu &Fnh thZi, b, &Am thZi gian&' t.o ra &i$u ki n chuy'n tiAp. Yi/u khi+n trnh t theo qu trnh : m &i$u khi'n trnh t6 theo qu trnh th &i$u ki n chuy'n tiAp phO thu,c vo cc tn hi u c;a thiAt bF &1Bc &i$u khi'n. Cc thng bo v$ tU cc s6 ki n c;a x0 l c th' l vF tr van cc b, gim st ho.t &,ng, l1u l1Bng p su)t, nhi t &,, &, dkn, &, nhZn Trong nhi$u tr1Zng hBp cc thng bo v$ tU vi c x0 l ph@i &1Bc biAn &Ki thnh tn hi u nhF phn . M,t d.ng c;a &i$u khi'n trnh t6 phO thu,c vo qu trnh x0 l c;a &i$u khi'n theo hnh trnh, &i$u ki n chuy'n tiAp c;a n chH phO thu,c vo cc tn hi u hnh trnh c;a thiAt bF &1Bc &i$u khi'n .
11.2.2 Ph#6ng php l2p trnh /i,u khi0n trnh tD

Cc b!9c thi8t k8 ch!:ng trnh trnh t cho PLC nh! sau : Qu trnh &i$u khi'n &1Bc di\n &.t b9ng lZi. S6 m t@ & &1Bc chuy'n sang d.ng l1u &= hay s4 &= ch?c nRng. DAn giai &o.n ny, cc &i$u ki n logic d\ dng &1Bc xc &Fnh, sau & &1Bc chuy'n sang bi'u th?c boolean bi'u di\n tUng tr.ng thi c;a qu trnh trnh t6. Cu/i cng bi'u th?c boolean &1Bc chuy'n &Ki sang ch14ng trnh trong PLC.
S6 di\n &.t b9ng lZi hay ghi ra gi)y m t@ qu trnh &i$u khi'n th1Zng di, kh theo di v khng chnh xc. Nh1 & &$ c>p, ton b, qu trnh &i$u khi'n sj d\ hi'u h4n khi n chia thnh nh7ng &4n vF con (sub-units) hay x0 l con (sub- processor). MWi &4n vF con sau & c th' &1Bc xy d6ng theo d.ng trnh t6 v kha lkn &' th6c hi n m,t ch?c nRng no & theo yu cJu. CJn c cc ph14ng php &' m t@ h th/ng trnh t6 nh1 trn sao cho r rng v d\ theo di qu trnh ho.t &,ng. Cc ph14ng php di'n &.t c th' tu` ch]n: logic relay (relay logic diagram), cKng logic (logic schematics), l1u &= (flowcharts) v s4 &= ch?c nRng (function charts) nh1 hnh 11.2. Cc ph14ng php ny khng thay thA cho b13c di'n &.t b9ng lZi m n hW trB r)t nhi$u cho b13c ny. Vi c p dOng ph14ng php no tu` thu,c ch; yAu vo kinh nghi m v$ ph14ng php &. Ng1Zi phn tch thiAt kA h th/ng c kiAn th?c t/t v$ kX thuQt s/ hay v$ my tnh th th1Zng dng 3 ph14ng php sau, cn ph14ng php logic relay &1Bc dng &/i v3i nh7ng ng1Zi quen v3i thiAt kA m.ch relay.
184
Chu Ch YGc
(a) BCt &Ju
(b) Di$u ki n khEi &,ng B13c 1 X0 l 1
Ki'm tra &i$u ki n 1 Yes X0 l
No
Di$u ki n chuy'n b13c B13c 2 X0 l 2 X0 l 3
No
Ki'm tra &i$u ki n 2 Yes (c)
Di$u ki n chuy'n b13c TiAp tOc (d)
TiAp tOc
Hnh 11.2 : Cc ph!:ng php m t> h' th-ng #i/u khi+n logic: (a) logic relay; (b) cZng logic; (c) l!u #D; (d) s: #D chGc n\ng
Ph7:ng php logic relay v cVng logic
C@ hai ph14ng php c lin h tr6c tiAp &An m.ch vQt l, nn vi c dng PLC &' thay thA h th/ng relay truy$n th/ng l l t1Eng. Cc ph14ng php ny th1Zng dng cho h th/ng &i$u khi'n dng tK hBp cc ng vo hay cc h th/ng trnh t6 qui m nhP v s4 &= bi'u di'n cho trnh t6 qui m l3n ph?c t.p v kh theo di. Ph7:ng php bi*u di*n theo l7u '/
Ph14ng php ny th1Zng dng khi thiAt kA phJn m$m cho my tnh, nh1ng l.i phK biAn &' bi'u di'n trnh t6 ho.t &,ng c;a h th/ng &i$u khi'n. L1u &= c quan h tr6c tiAp &An s6 m t@ b9ng lZi h th/ng &i$u khi'n, chH ra
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Chu Ch YGc
tUng &i$u ki n cJn ki'm tra tUng b13c v cc x0 l trong cc b13c & theo chuWi trnh t6. Cc x0 l trong l1u &= &1Bc ghi trong 1 ch7 nhQt, trong khi cc &i$u ki n &1Bc ghi vo hnh thoi. Tuy nhin, ph14ng php ny chiAm nhi$u khng gian khi bi'u di\n h th/ng &i$u khi'n l3n v trE nn n>ng n$. Ph7:ng php s: '/ chNc nFng
Ph14ng php ny ngy cng trE nn phK biAn &' bi'u di\n cc ho.t &,ng trnh t6, cho php th' hi n chi tiAt v$ cc x0 l cang nh1 trnh t6 cc ho.t &,ng trong qu trnh &i$u khi'n. V3i v3i cch dng cc k hi u g]n v c &]ng, ph14ng php ny c &1Bc 1u &i'm c;a cc ph14ng php trn, vi c bi'u di'n b13c tiAn trnh ho.t &,ng m.ch l.c v r rng. Trong tUng b13c ta c th' ghi ra cc &i$u ki n set v reset, &i$u ki n chuy'n tr.ng thi v cc tn hi u &i$u khi'n khc. S4 &= ch?c nRng cn th' hi n &Cc l6c khi ki'm tra v th0 h th/ng. 3Ei s, Boolean
Cho d dng ph14ng php no &i n7a, m,t khi cc ch?c nRng & &1Bc &>c t@ r rng th chng ph@i &1Bc chuy'n &Ki sang d.ng m tU & c th' chuy'n thnh ch14ng trnh PLC. Qu trnh ny &1Bc th6c hi n b9ng cch chuy'n &Ki cc ch?c nRng thnh 1 chuWi lin tiAp bi'u th?c boolean, v tU & chuy'n thnh ngn ng7 PLC. M,t khi quen v3i kX thuQt ny, ta c th' d\ dng chuy'n &Ki s6 &>c t@ ch?c nRng thnh bi'u th?c boolean b)t k' l n &1Bc &>c t@ b9ng ph14ng php no. Ta cang c th' &>c t@ ton b, h th/ng &i$u khi'n logic b9ng bi'u th?c boolean, m>c d vi c dng bi'u th?c Boolean th1Zng km hi u qu@ v$ m>t thZi gian thiAt kA v khng d' hi'u &/i v3i nh7ng ng1Zi ch1a c kinh nghi m v$ cc h th/ng &i$u khi'n. Gi@i php dng Boolean d sao &i n7a cang tiAt ki m &1Bc khng gian bi'u di'n trn gi)y khi thiAt kA. Trong cc ph!:ng php l1p trnh cho #i/u khi+n trnh t trn th ph!:ng php s: #D chGc n\ng c !u #i+m h:n cc ph!:ng php khc. Cho nn ch!:ng ny ch3n ph!:ng php s: #D chGc n\ng #+ lm c: sH chnh cho vi'c thi8t k8 #i/u khi+n trnh t .
11.3
Cc thJ t%c t(ng qut /0 thi:t k: bi ton trnh tD
Trong bi ton &i$u khi'n trnh t6, &' th6c hi n m,t cch c h th/ng cng vi c &i$u khi'n v trnh t/i &a nh7ng thiAu st, nhJm lkn th th; tOc &' thiAt kA bi ton trnh t6 bao g=m cc b13c nh1 sau: B7Qc 1: Xy d ng s: #D ph-i hAp thao tc cng ngh' cCa my hoTc h' th-ng thi8t bU c6n #i/u khi+n. Dy l cng vi c c yu cJu t14ng t6 nh1 khi bCt tay vo vi c thiAt kA m,t my m3i. Ng1Zi th6c hi n sj cRn c? vo yu cJu ho.t &,ng c;a my &' tU & hnh dung v phn tch ra m,t trnh t6 cc thao tc thQt chi tiAt c;a cc
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Chu Ch YGc
khu ch)p hnh ho>c tUng b, phQn ch)p hnh c;a my cang nh1 s6 ho.t &,ng gi7a chng. Qu trnh phn tch v th6c hi n vi c ph/i hBp cc chuy'n &,ng ho>c cc thao tc th1Zng &1Bc th6c hi n d13i d.ng m,t s4 &= ph/i hBp. S4 &= &1Bc th6c hi n d13i d.ng cc d@i hnh ch7 nhQt &>t kA tiAp nhau. MWi d@i t1Bng tr1ng cho di\n biAn theo thZi gian qu trnh ho.t &,ng c;a m,t khu ch)p hnh ho>c m,t b, phQn ch)p hnh nh9m th6c hi n m,t thao tc cng ngh no &. S4 &= ph/i hBp cc thao tc cng ngh cho php ng1Zi thiAt kA hnh dung ton b, qu trnh ho.t &,ng c;a my ho>c c;a h th/ng thiAt bF bao g=m trnh t6 cc thao tc v thZi &i'm bCt &Ju cang nh1 kAt thc th6c hi n c;a tUng thao tc. S4 &= ph/i hBp ny sj l c4 sE cho vi c so.n th@o ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n trn PLC cang &=ng thZi l ti li u g/c cho vi c hi u chHnh s6 lm vi c my ho>c h th/ng v$ sau. B7Qc 2: L1p s: #D kh-i #i/u khi+n trnh t . CRn c? vo s4 &= ph/i hBp cc ho.t &,ng ho>c cc thao tc c;a cc b, phQn ch)p hnh trn my thiAt kA, ng1Zi cn b, kX thuQt sj th6c hi n m,t cng vi c t14ng t6 tiAp theo l lQp s4 &= kh/i &i$u khi'n trnh t6 (d.ng l1u &= (flowchart) ho>c s4 &= ch?c nRng (funtion-chart)). Cng vi c ny l m,t b13c tiAp cQn h4n n7a c;a qu trnh &i$u khi'n. Tu` theo m?c &, quen s0 dOng cch bi'u di\n no m ng1Zi thiAt kA sj l6a ch]n cc ph14ng php bi'u di\n qu trnh &i$u khi'n &' m t@ chuWi trnh t6 cc thao tc cng ngh cang nh1 cc tn hi u &i$u khi'n cho tUng thao tc. B7Qc 3: Chudn bU ph6n cGng v m t> cc tham s- vo/ra. Cng vi c l6a ch]n cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh nh1 l6a ch]n cc lo.i &,ng c4, xylanh kh nn ho>c xylanh dJu p, l6a ch]n cc lo.i van &i$u khi'n,, c lin quan mQt thiAt v3i qu trnh &i$u khi'n & tKng hBp do nhi$u yAu t/ nh1 &>c tnh kX thuQt c;a c4 c)u tc &,ng c ph hBp v3i my thiAt kA hay khng, kAt c)u c ph hBp hay khng, khng gian c cho php b/ tr lo.i c4 c)u tc &,ng & hay khng; v m,t yAu t/ quan tr]ng c tnh ch)t quyAt &Fnh l thZi gian v t/c &, &p ?ng c;a c4 c)u tc &,ng &1Bc l6a ch]n c ph hBp, thPa mn v3i yu cJu ph/i hBp trn my hay khng. Ng1Zi thiAt kA ph@i l6a ch]n kX &' tm kiAm cc c4 c)u tc &,ng ph hBp nh)t v m t@ &Jy &; cc thng s/ kX thuQt c;a c4 c)u tc &,ng, chpng h.n nh1 cc gi trF &i n p, dng &i n tc &,ng vo &,ng c4 &i n hay tc &,ng vo cc van &i n tU &i$u khi'n cc van kh nn. Cc tn hi u trn c lin quan mQt thiAt v3i cc tn hi u ng ra c;a PLC. T14ng t6, cc tn hi u tU cc c@m biAn; ph@n nh tr.ng thi c;a c4 c)u tc &,ng, &1Bc &1a &An cc ng vo c;a PLC. Thng qua vi c l6a ch]n v m t@ cc tham s/ vo/ ra ny, ng1Zi thiAt kA sj cung c)p cc s/ li u cJn thiAt cho vi c thiAt kA cc m.ch giao tiAp gi7a PLC v3i m.ch cng su)t c;a cc c4 c)u tc &,ng, xc &Fnh s/ ng vo/ ra &' l6a ch]n PLC thch hBp.
187
Chu Ch YGc
B7Qc 4: L1p trnh. V3i &Jy &; cc d7 li u &1Bc cung c)p tU cc b13c th6c hi n E trn, cng vi c tiAp theo c;a ng1Zi lQp trnh l so.n th@o ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n cho PLC &' th6c hi n vi c &i$u khi'n my ho>c h th/ng ho.t &,ng &ng cho chu trnh & thiAt kA. Tu` theo kh@ nRng quen s0 dOng lo.i ngn ng7 lQp trnh trn PLC no m ng1Zi lQp trnh sj ch]n l6a &' so.n th@o ch14ng trnh. V3i cc ch14ng trnh &4n gi@n, cc phJn m$m c;a cc hng cho php bin dFch &1Bc ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt tU ngn ng7 ny sang ngn ng7 khc. B7Qc 5: Ch@y th[ v hon chWnh ch!:ng trnh. Dy l cng vi c hAt s?c t6 nhin ph@i th6c hi n sau khi lQp trnh. Vi c ch.y th0 ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hi n trong 2 chA &,: Ch: /1 gi8 l2p (ch: /1 offline): Cho ch.y ch14ng trnh v theo di &p ?ng c;a cc ng ra thng qua cc &n LED. Dn LED E ng ra cO th' sj bi'u thF cho tn hi u xu)t E ng ra cho c4 c)u tc &,ng v &p ?ng c;a chng. Ch: /1 thDc (ch: /1 online): Sau khi & ch.y th0 v &i$u chHnh ch14ng trnh trong chA &, gi@ lQp hon h@o. Chuy'n chA &, ho.t &,ng trn PLC v n/i phJn m.ch giao tiAp v3i m.ch cng su)t &' &i$u khi'n my ch.y trong chA &, th6c. Trong chA &, ny, v3i cc &p ?ng th6c c;a cc c4 c)u tc &,ng khi khng t@i v khi c t@i sj gip cho ng1Zi lQp trnh hi u chHnh ch14ng trnh lJn cu/i tr13c khi &1a vo vQn hnh th6c s6 trong s@n xu)t.
11.4

C4u trc cJa bi ton /i,u khi0n trnh tD
M,t bi ton &i$u khi'n trnh t6 c th' chia lm 4 phJn : ChuWi trnh t6 Ki'u ho.t &,ng Cc thng bo Kch ho.t ng ra .
M/i lin h gi7a cc phJn &1Bc bi'u di'n theo s4 &= hnh 11.3. 11.4.1 Chuei trnh tD H.t nhn c;a &i$u khi'n trnh t6 l chuWi trnh t6. Ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n theo cc b13c & biAt &1Bc x0 l E &y. Cc b13c trnh t6 ring lo &1Bc kch ho.t phO thu,c vo &i$u ki n chuy'n tiAp. 11.4.2 Ki0u ho7t /1ng Di$u ki n cho cc chA &, ho.t &,ng khc nhau &1Bc x0 l trong phJn ki'u ho.t &,ng. Cc lo.i ho.t &,ng sau th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng trong kX thuQt &i$u khi'n . a. ChM 'S tL 'Sng:
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Chu Ch YGc
Trong chA &, t6 &,ng, sau khi tn hi u khEi &,ng &1Bc kch ho.t th trnh t6 &i$u khi'n x@y ra E cc chuWi trnh t6 hon ton t6 &,ng khng cJn &An b@ng &i$u khi'n . C4 c)u ch)p hnh sj &1Bc &i$u khi'n theo chuWi trnh t6 . b. ChM 'S tay hay hoEt 'Sng theo b7Qc Trong chA &, ho.t theo tUng b13c th chuWi trnh t6 &1Bc chuy'n tiAp b9ng tay .m chA &, ny cn c thm s6 phn bi t : chuy'n tiAp c &i$u ki n v chuy'n tiAp khng &i$u ki n. ChA &, lm vi c ny dng &' ki'm tra ch14ng trnh trong vQn hnh v x0 l lWi . c. ChM 'S thiMt b< Trong chA &, ny, tUng c4 c)u ch)p hnh c th' &1Bc tc &,ng b9ng tay m khng phO thu,c vo ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n. Cc kha an ton vkn c hi u l6c trong chA &, ny. Cc chA &, lm vi c khc nhau &1Bc &i$u khi'n E b@ng &i$u khi'n. Ty theo chA &, ho.t &,ng &1Bc &i$u chHnh m chuWi trnh t6 xu)t l nh v phJn thng bo tiAp nhQn tn hi u d13i d.ng tn hi u spn sng, tn hi u chuy'n tiAp, tn hi u kha v tn hi u hi'n thF. Tn hi u tU b@ng &i$u khi'n Ki'u ho.t &,ng Thnh phJn thng bo: Lo.i ho.t &,ng LWi ChuWi trnh t6 Hi'n thF b13c
VF tr c4 b@n
Cho php
Cc kha Kch ho.t ng ra
C4 c)u ch)p hnh
Hnh 11.3: C7u trc cCa m$t bi ton #i/u khi+n trnh t D/i v3i mWi chA &, ho.t &,ng th1Zng ph@i ch &An qui tCc an ton. Cc qui tEc an ton nh7t c th+ #!Ac tm tEt sau #y : Cc tnh tr.ng nguy hi'm gy tai n.n cho ng1Zi, my mc cang nh1 vQt li u ph@i &1Bc trnh. My mc ph@i &1Bc E tr.ng thi &?ng yn (khng ho.t &,ng) khi ngu=n c &i n trE l.i nAu x@y ra tnh tr.ng m)t &i n.
189
Chu Ch YGc
Cc cng tCc dUng kh[n c)p v cc cng tCc gi3i h.n an ton ph@i lun E tr.ng thi spn sng khi c s6 c/. BEi vQy cc thiAt bF b@o v ny cJn ph@i c tc dOng tr6c tiAp &An phJn cng su)t c;a c4 c)u ch)p hnh. Trong tr1Zng hBp x@y ra s6 c/ &?t dy hay n/i &)t th h th/ng khng &1Bc php t6 khEi &,ng cang nh1 khng &1Bc php ho.t &,ng.
Cc qui tCc chung ny &1Bc th6c hi n ty theo mWi nhi m vO &i$u khi'n. 11.4.3 Cc thng bo Trong phJn ch14ng trnh ny, cc thng bo cJn thiAt c;a &i$u khi'n &1Bc &>t E b@ng &i$u khi'n. Cc thng bo &i$u khi'n bao g=m chH thF chA &, ho.t &,ng &1Bc &>t, chH thF s/ b13c hi n hnh v chH thF lWi x@y ra. 11.4.4 Kch ho7t ng ra Cc l nh th6c hi n cc b13c &4n c;a chuWi trnh t6 &1Bc kch ho.t trong phJn ch14ng trnh xu)t l nh, &=ng thZi n &1Bc lin kAt v3i tn hi u spn sng c;a phJn chA &, ho.t &,ng v cc tn hi u kha tU qu trnh x0 l. m &y cJn l1u &An cc l nh &i$u khi'n b9ng tay c;a c4 c)u ch)p hnh trong chA &, ho.t &,ng thiAt bF. * Kc /i0m cJa /i,u khi0n trnh tD: c th+ k+ ra nh! Cc #Tc #i+m quan tr3ng nh7t cCa #i/u khi+n trnh t sau :
Cc b13c trnh t6 &1Bc th6c hi n kA tiAp nhau theo m,t trnh t6 xc &Fnh cho tr13c. Trnh t6 ny chH c th' bF @nh h1Eng khi c tn hi u cho php chuWi trnh t6 v reset chuWi trnh t6. Khi c tn hi u cho php chuWi trnh t6 v &i$u ki n chuy'n tiAp &1Bc tc &,ng th b13c sau &1Bc th6c hi n. Vi c &ng m.ch cho b13c kA tiAp phO thu,c vo &i$u ki n chuy'n tiAp &1Bc &i$u khi'n tU qu trnh hay thng qua cc &i$u ki n thZi gian. Khi b13c sau &1Bc set th b13c tr13c & ph@i bF reset. Cc lWi trong m,t chuWi trnh t6 c th' &1Bc xc &Fnh v phn tch m,t cch nhanh chng. Vi c tm lWi gi3i h.n trong cc b13c &1Bc set v &i$u ki n chuy'n tiAp c;a chng, cc lWi &1Bc tm ra E &y. Khu an ton &1Bc thiAt lQp khng phO thu,c vo trnh t6 ch14ng trnh v tn hi u c;a n &1Bc lin kAt v3i cc khu t14ng ?ng c;a phJn kch ho.t ng ra.
11.5
Cc k hiGu
Vi c bi'u di\n &i$u khi'n trnh t6 &1Bc th6c hi n theo s4 &= kh/i. N bi'u di\n v)n &$ &i$u khi'n cJn gi@i quyAt, khng phO thu,c vo cch th?c
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Chu Ch YGc
th6c hi n c;a n nh1 chA &, ho.t &,ng, s6 lCp &>t dy dkn cang nh1 vF tr lCp &>t. S4 &= kh/i bK sung thm cch m t@ ho.t &,ng. NhZ & cc yu cJu cJn thiAt trong ho.t &,ng v cng ngh &1Bc bi'u di'n c &]ng, rP rng. Nh1 vQy s4 &= kh/i cang l m,t cng cO thch hBp di'n t@ qui trnh cng ngh gi7a nh s@n xu)t v ng1Zi s0 dOng. D.ng bi'u di\n cho &i$u khi'n trnh t6 &1Bc cho theo b>ng 11.1. nghNa K hi u chung cho b13c n : B13c th6c hi n xxx: Tn b13c th6c hi n L nh: A : Lo.i l nh. B : Tn g]i v tc dOng c;a cc l nh t3i thiAt bF &1Bc gi@i thch b9ng ch7 ( v dO : bRng t@i dUng ) C : VF tr ngCt c;a l nh. D1Zng dkn tc dOng n : s/ k hi u c;a vF tr ngCt Tm tCt c;a cc &1Zng dkn tc dOng X,Y,Z : Tn cc &i$u ki n &1Bc m t@ ngCn hay E d.ng ch7. K hi u cc cKng logic. 1: CGng OR & : CGng AND =1: CGng XNOR Cc ro nhnh &: AND 1: OR K hi'u n xxx
X Y Z
=1
&
&
B>ng 11.1: Cc k hi'u
11.6
B#Ic trnh tD
M,t b13c trnh t6 &1Bc cho nh1 hnh vj 11.4. PhJn trn c k hi u n l s/ b13c, phJn d13i dng &' m t@ ngCn ch?c nRng c;a b13c. B13c n &1Bc
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Chu Ch YGc
set nAu t)t c@ cc ng vo I c gi trF logic 1. Cc ng ra Q E b13c &1Bc set c gi trF 1 v spn sng &' set cho b13c tiAp theo ( n+ 1 ). B13c sj bF reset nAu nh1 b13c sau ( n+ 1) &1Bc set. Ngoi ra m,t b13c c th' bF @nh h1Eng bEi tn hi u reset R v tn hi u t6 do F . Tn hi u &An tU b13c tr13c I Chuy'n tiAp khng &i$u ki n. Cho php F F R I Di$u ki n chuy'n tiAp
n Text Q
Hnh 11.4: K hi'u cCa m$t b!9c v9i cc ng vo v ra V dO sau l m,t ch14ng trnh bi'u di\n m,t b13c t14ng ?ng trong &i$u khi'n trnh t6. Dy l tr1Zng hBp &4n gi@n nh)t g=m c m,t khu nh3 v3i cKng AND &>t E ng S. Khu trnh t6 ny c th' bF Reset v3i lin kAt OR thm vo E ng R. F I I
R Xo b9ng vi c Set b13c sau (n+1) 1 R
& S 1 Bit memory Q Q
Trong th' hi n ch14ng trnh th m,t b13c &1Bc set t14ng ?ng v3i m,t bit memory. C)u trc c;a chuWi tuJn t6 t14ng ?ng trnh t6 cc b13c &i$u khi'n c;a d6 n. C 2 ph14ng php bi'u di'n :
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Chu Ch YGc
B13c c4 b@n Di$u ki n khEi &,ng B13c 1 L nh 1 L nh 2 Di$u ki n chuy'n tiAp cho b13c 2 B13c 2 L nh 3 L nh 4 Di$u ki n chuy'n tiAp cho b13c 3 B13c 3 L nh 5
B13c c4 b@n
B13c 1 Di$u ki n chuy'n tiAp cho b13c 2 B13c 2 Di$u ki n chuy'n tiAp cho b13c 3 B13c 3
S: #D bi+u di`n theo DIN 40719
S: #D bi+u di`n theo IEC-SC65A
Hnh 11.5: Cc cch bi+u di`n theo cc chudn khc nhau m hai ph14ng php bi'u di\n trn, ch14ng ny chH trnh by s4 &= bi'u di\n theo DIN 40719.
11.7
Cc lGnh bi0u dihn trong s6 /A ch"c nang
Cc l nh cho E ng ra c;a m,t b13c E phJn kch ho.t ng ra c;a khu &i$u chHnh &1Bc &i$n vo dng bn ph@i c;a hnh ch7 nhQt c;a k hi u b13c. K hi u l nh theo b13c &1Bc k hi u nh1 sau: I I
n Text Q Vng A: Cho biAt lo.i l nh.
193
Chu Ch YGc
Vng B: ChH tc dOng c;a l nh gi@i thch b9ng ch7 (v dO &,ng c4 c &i n, &n H1 sng . . .). Vng C: K hi u vF tr ngCt c;a l nh xu)t. NAu vF tr ngCt khng t=n t.i th c th' bP vng ny. MWi k hi u c th' s0 dOng nhi$u ng vo v3i cc tc dOng khc nhau. Cc tc dOng &>c bi t &1Bc k hi u thng qua ch7 ci: Ng vo cho php: F. Ng vo reset: R. Ng vo cho cc thng bo l.i: RC. M,t k hi u l nh cang &1Bc quyAt &Fnh v$ cc ng ra, ho>c &1Bc bi'u di\n tr6c tiAp b9ng &1Zng dkn tc dOng ho>c s/ l nh c;a n &1Bc &i$n vo vng C. Cc ng ra &1Bc k hi u RC dng &' thng bo l.i tU khu &i$u chHnh. Cc lo.i l nh sau c th' &1Bc &i$n vo vng A: LKnh D SD NSD NS R S SH T ST ngh]a L nh tr hon thZi gian L nh tr hon thZi gian v &1Bc duy tr L nh tr hon thZi gian v khng &1Bc duy tr L nh khng &1Bc duy tr Reset l.i cc phJn t0 & bF set L nh &1Bc duy tr L nh &1Bc duy tr trong tr1Zng hBp m)t &i n L nh gi3i h.n thZi gian L nh &1Bc duy tr v gi3i h.n thZi gian
* LGnh NS (khng &1Bc duy tr) L nh NS chH c tc dOng khi no b13c phO thu,c &1Bc kch ho.t. NAu b13c sau &1Bc &ng m.ch th l nh NS khng cn tc dOng n7a. V d) l'nh
I0.2 NS Q0.0 I1.0 M0.0 Van 5 ON
Bi+u di`n s: #D logic

M0.3 I0.2 & I1.0 M0.0
M0.3
& Q0.0
194
Chu Ch YGc
* LGnh NSD (tr hon thZi gian v khng &1Bc duy tr) L nh NSD tc dOng nh1 l nh NS, vi c xu)t l nh x@y ra ty thu,c vo qu trnh c;a thZi gian tr hon t &1Bc &i$u chHnh tr13c. V d) l'nh Bi+u di`n s: #D logic
M1.5 I0.7 I0.4 M1.2 5 M1.5 NSD Q0.5 Qu.t ON, T37= 3s & I0.7 I0.4 M1.2
3s 0
& Q0.5
* LGnh T (gi3i h.n thZi gian ) L nh gi3i h.n thZi gian bF xo thng qua m,t b13c. N &ng &i n sau m,t thZi gian xc &Fnh nAu b13c cn tch c6c. NAu b13c thot khPi tr13c thZi gian &Fnh tr13c th l nh cang m)t tc dOng theo. V d) l'nh
I1.0 I0.1 M2.2 & 6 T Q1.2 Tn hi u c@nh bo T37=10s T37

M0.6 I1.0 I0.1 M2.2
10 0
M0.6
& Q1.2
* LGnh S (duy tr) L nh duy tr &1Bc set trong m,t b13c v gi7 lun sau & nAu nh1 b13c khng cn tc dOng n0a. BEi vQy l nh S ph@i &1Bc xa bEi l nh reset ( R) E m,t b13c khc.
195
Chu Ch YGc
V d) l'nh
I0.4 I1.0 I1.1 I1.2 F F R 3 S Q0.3 Motor ON M1.4 I1.2

M0.3 I0.4 I1.0 I1.1
&
M0.3
S 1
12
Q0.3 Motor STOP
M2.0
&
M1.4 Q0.3
* LGnh SD (tr hon thZi gian v &1Bc duy tr ) L nh SD c tc dOng nh1 l nh S. Tuy nhin ng ra c tc dOng sau qu trnh thZi gian tr hon t &1Bc &i$u chHnh tr13c. V d) l'nh
I0.2 I0.7 I1.0 M2.1 R F F 5 SD Q0.7 Van ON, T38=5s R I= 0 M3.0 T38 R Q0.7 Van STOP t 0 S 1

M1.5 I0.7 1 M0.5 & I0.2 I1.0 M2.1
M0.5
12
M1.5
& Q0.7
* LGnh SH (duy tr trong tr1Zng hBp m)t &i n) L nh SH c tc dOng nh1 l nh S nh1ng sau & l nh &1Bc duy tr, nAu nh1 v m,t nguyn nhn no & &i n p cung c)p bF m)t.
196
Chu Ch YGc
13
SH
Van ON
* LGnh ST (duy tr v gi3i h.n thZi gian) L nh ST c tc dOng nh1 l nh S. N cang cn &1Bc set nAu nh1 b13c phO thu,c khng cn &1Bc Set n7a v chH ko di trong m,t kho@ng thZi gian t &1Bc &i$u chHnh tr13c. V d) l'nh
I0.2 I1.4 F 5 M0.5 M2.2 F

M1.4 M0.5 1 T39 6s 0 & I0.2 I1.4 M2.2
ST Q1.5 Ci ON, T39= 6s
12
Q1.5 Ci OFF
S 1
M1.4
& Q1.5
11.8
Cc ch: /1 ho7t /1ng, c8nh bo v xu4t lGnh
Ty theo yu cJu &i$u khi'n m ng1Zi vQn hnh c th' &>t tr.ng thi ho.t &,ng c;a thiAt bF E cc tr.ng thi ho.t &,ng khc nhau. Ty theo chA &, lm vi c &1Bc &>t m chH cho tn hi u ng ra E cc &i$u ki n xc &Fnh. M,t h th/ng &i$u khi'n trnh t6 &Jy &; bn c.nh chuWi trnh t6 cn bao g=m chA &, lm vi c, c@nh bo v xu)t l nh. Trong ch14ng ny chH trnh by chA &, ho.t &,ng v3i cc c@nh bo, hi'n thF b13c v xu)t l nh trong &i$u khi'n trnh t6, cc chA &, ho.t &,ng bao g=m: ChA &, t6 &,ng
197
Chu Ch YGc
ChA &, tay (chA &, b13c &4n khng c &i$u ki n)
11.8.1 B8ng /i,u khi0n

Giao tiAp gi7a ng1Zi vQn hnh v h th/ng &i$u khi'n l b@ng &i$u khi'n. B@ng &i$u khi'n g=m c t)t c@ cc cng tCc ch]n l6a chA &,, nt nh)n phOc vO theo yu cJu c;a ng1Zi &i$u khi'n. Ngoi ra trn b@ng &i$u khi'n cn c cc b, chH thF &' c@nh bo. B@ng &i$u khi'n &1Bc s0 dOng trong ch14ng ny c d.ng nh1 sau:
Hnh 11.6: B>ng #i/u khi+n tiu bi+u #i/u khi+n trnh t D' trnh trng cc nt nh)n cang nh1 cc &n bo v3i cc yu cJu cng ngh &>t ra cho cc bi tan &i$u khi'n th cc nt nh)n v cng tCc trn b@ng &i$u khi'n &1Bc k hi u l I1, I2, I3, I4 v cc &n bo l Q0 Q4 v3i Q0..Q3 l b, m chH thF b13c trnh t6 cn Q4 l bo chA &, t6 &,ng. Nhi m vO c;a cc nt nh)n, cng tCc nh1 sau: Cng tEc I1: tay. Nt nh7n I2: Ch4p nh2n ch: /1 Khi I1 = 1 (chA &, t6 &,ng) th khi tc &,ng I2 th chuWi trnh t6 &1Bc &>t v$ vF tr c4 b@n (vF tr c4 b@n) v E lJn tc &,ng kA tiAp th chA &, t6 &,ng &1Bc th6c hi n. NAu chuWi trnh t6 &ang sSn sng E vF tr c4 b@n th chH cJn tc &,ng m,t lJn I2 chA &, t6 &,ng &1Bc th6c hi n. Khi I1 = 0 (chA &, tay) mWi lJn tc &,ng I2 sj &i &An b13c kA tiAp trong chuWi trnh t6. Nt nh7n I3: Cho php ho7t /1ng Nt nh)n ph@i &1Bc tc &,ng E chA &, ho.t &,ng theo b13c &4n lo, &' kch ho.t ng ra c;a mWi b13i. Nt nh7n I4: Ddng KAt thc chA &, ho.t &,ng t6 &,ng khi &An b13c cu/i cng trong chuWi trnh t6. TD /1ng/tay Ch]n chA &, ho.t &,ng. NAu I1 = 1 l chA &, t6 &,ng, I1 = 0 l chA &,
198
Chu Ch YGc
11.8.2 Cc khu ch: /1 ho7t /1ng c c8nh bo

Cc chA &, ho.t &,ng c;a &i$u khi'n trnh t6 sj th6c hi n x0 l tn hi u tU b@ng &i$u khi'n v thiAt bF cung c)p cho chuWi trnh t6 cc tn hi u &i$u khi'n &1Bc yu cJu nh1: B0: Xung &' trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a chuWi trnh t6 B1: Cho php chuy'n sang b13c kA tiAp c &i$u ki n B2: Cho php chuy'n sang b13c kA tiAp khng c &i$u ki n chuy'n m.ch B3: Di$u ki n khEi &,ng chuWi trnh t6 C)u trc ch14ng trnh c;a cc chA &, ho.t &,ng v3i cc tn hi u vo v ra theo yu cJu nh1 sau:
Hnh 11.7: C7u trc ch!:ng trnh #i/u khi+n trnh t theo cc tn hi'u vo/ra Ghi ch: Tn hi u cho php 1 &/i v3i chuy'n m.ch tiAp theo c &i$u ki n (t6 &,ng) Tn hi u cho php 2 &/i v3i chuy'n m.ch tiAp theo khng &i$u ki n (tay) Tn hi u cho php 3 &/i v3i vi c xu)t l nh D13i &y l cc &o.n ch14ng trnh cho cc khu trong chA &, ho.t &,ng v3i: Cc tn hi u vo l cc ng vo I1, I2, I3, I4, I0, GM0 v M0 Cc tn hi u ra l Q4, B0, B1, B2, B3 v cc nh3 phO l B10, B11 v B12.
199
Chu Ch YGc
Tn hiGu B0:
Tn hiGu Q4 v B1:
Tn hiGu B12:
Tn hiGu B2: Cho php chuy'n m.ch tiAp theo khng &i$u ki n
Di$u ki n khEi &,ng cho chuWi trnh t6 (x0 l m,t lJn)
Di$u ki n khEi &,ng cho chuWi trnh t6 (x0 l l>p l.i)
200
Chu Ch YGc
Cho php l nh:
Do.n ch14ng trnh trn l ch14ng trnh tKng qut c;a cc chA &, ho.t &,ng v3i &i$u khi'n trnh t6. Ty theo tUng bi ton cO th' m ta sj gn cho cc ng vo I1, I2, I3, I4, I0, Q4 cc ng vo v ra t14ng ?ng; GM0, M0, B0, B1, B2, B3, B10, B11 v B12 gn cho cc nh3 M t14ng ?ng.
11.8.3 Hi0n th> b#Ic trnh tD

Tn hi u hi'n thF &' c@nh bo tr.ng thi ho.t &,ng c;a thiAt bF &1Bc lQp trnh sSn trong cc khu chA &, ho.t &,ng. Tn hi u &' c)p cho hi'n thF b13c l s6 kAt hBp c;a cc nh3 c;a cc b13c.
11.8.4 Xu4t lGnh

Trong phJn xu)t l nh c;a &i$u khi'n trnh t6 th l nh xu)t &1Bc lin kAt tU tn hi u cho php l nh v3i nh3 b13c trnh t6.
11.9
Cc v d% "ng d%ng
Trong cc v dO sj khng trnh by phJn kAt n/i dy v3i PLC n7a. PhJn ny yu cJu b.n &]c t6 th6c hi n. 11.9.1 My phay /6n gi8n M t8 ho7t /1ng: Khi )n nt khEi &,ng S1 th bn my di chuy'n v$ h13ng ph@i. Khi bn my g>p cng tCc hnh trnh S2 th t6 &,ng quay ng1Bc trE l.i. Trong chi$u ch.y ng1Bc, nAu bn phay &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh S3 th t6 &,ng &@o chi$u. Qu trnh c? thA l>p &i l>p l.i. Khi )n nt dUng S0 th bn phay tiAp tOc quay cho hAt chu k` v chH dUng l.i khi trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n (gi3i h.n tri).
201
Chu Ch YGc
Th6c hi n viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n my phay ny theo ph14ng php trnh t6. S: '/ cng nghK:
START S1 STOP S0
Bn phay S3 Gi3i h.n tri S2 Gi3i h.n ph@i
Hnh 11.8: S: #D cng ngh' my phay #:n gi>n S: '/ 'i(u khi*n theo trnh tL:
(M1.0) Q S R Nt nh)n khEi &,ng S1 (I0.1) Nt nh)n dUng S0 (I0.0) nh3 khEi &,ng tCt (M0.0) Bn phay E gi3i h.n tri, I0.3 1 Quay ph@i (M1.1) 2 Quay tri (M1.2) 3 KAt thc (M1.3) Bn phay E gi3i h.n tri, I0.3 R nh3 khEi &,ng, M0.0 NS S Bn phay ch.y v$ h13ng ph@i (contactor K1), Q0.0 nh3 khEi &,ng, M0.0
Bn phay E gi3i h.n ph@i, I0.2 NS Bn phay ch.y v$ h13ng tri (contactor K2), Q0.1
Hnh 11.9: S: #D #i/u khi+n theo trnh t my phay #:n gi>n B@ng k hi u: K hiKu 3<a ch> Cc biMn vo S0 I0.0 Nt nh)n dUng, NC Ch thch
202
Chu Ch YGc
S1 S2 S3 K1 K2
I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 Q0.0 Q0.1
Nt nh)n khEi &,ng Cng tCc hnh trnh bo gi3i h.n ph@i, NC Cng tCc hnh trnh bo gi3i h.n tri,NC Contactor &i$u khi'n bn phay ch.y v$ h13ng ph@i Contactor &i$u khi'n bn phay ch.y v$ h13ng tri
Cc biMn ra
Ch14ng trnh Bi'u di\n E LAD:
203
Chu Ch YGc
Bi'u di\n E STL: Network 1 Buoc co ban LD I0.1 LDN I0.0 NOT LPS A M1.0 = M1.0 LPP ALD O M1.0 = M1.0 Network 2 Buoc 1: Quay phai LDN M0.0 AN I0.3 A M1.0 LD M1.2 NOT LPS A M1.1 = M1.1 LPP ALD O M1.1 = M1.1
204
Chu Ch YGc
Network 3 Buoc 2: Quay tri LD M1.1 AN I0.2 LD M1.3 NOT LPS A M1.2 = M1.2 LPP ALD O M1.2 = M1.2 Network 4 Buoc 3: Ket thuc LD M1.2 AN I0.3 LD M1.1 O M0.0 ON I0.0 NOT LPS A M1.3 = M1.3 LPP ALD O M1.3 = M1.3 11.9.2 Bang chuy,n /:m to M t8 ho7t /1ng:
Network 5 Thuc hien nhiem vu trong buoc 1: Contactor K1 LD M1.1 = Q0.0 S M0.0, 1 Network 6 Thuc hien nhiem vu trong buoc 2: contactor K2 LD M1.2 = Q0.1 Network 7 Thuc hien nhiem vu trong buoc 3 LD M1.3 R M0.0, 1
Khi )n nt khEi &,ng ON th bRng chuy$n thng ho.t &,ng. Khi thng &An vF tr th dUng l.i v bRng chuy$n to ho.t &,ng. NAu s/ l1Bng to &Am &1Bc b9ng 12 th bRng chuy$n to dUng. BRng chuy$n ch.y tiAp cho &An khi m,t thng th? hai &ng vF tr th dUng l.i. Qu trnh &1Bc l>p &i l>p l.i cho &An khi no )n nt OFF. S: '/ cng nghK:
205
Chu Ch YGc
BRng chuy$n to
BRng chuy$n thng
Hnh 11.10: S: #D cng ngh' b\ng chuy/n #8m to B@ng k hi u: K hiKu 3<a ch> Cc biMn vo OFF ON CB_tao CB_thung Cc biMn ra K1 K2 Q0.0 Q0.1 Contactor &i$u khi'n bRng chuy$n to Contactor &i$u khi'n bRng chuy$n thng I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 Nt nh)n dUng, NC Nt nh)n khEi &,ng h th/ng C@m biAn to, NC C@m biAn thng &ng vF tr,NO Ch thch
S: '/ 'i(u khi*n theo trnh tL:
206
Chu Ch YGc
(M1.0) Q S0 (I0.0)
S R
Nt nh)n khEi &,ng S1 (I0.1) Nt nh)n dUng S0 (I0.0) nh3 khEi &,ng tCt (M0.0) B.chuy$n to dUng
1 B.chuy$n thng (M1.1) 2 B.chuy$n to (M1.2) 3 KAt thc (M1.3)
NS B.chuy$n thng ho.t &,ng (contactor K1), Q0.0 S nh3 khEi &,ng, M0.0 R Xa b, &Am to C1 Thng &ng vF tr (I0.3) NS NS C@m biAn to (I0.2)
B, &Am to, C1 (12 qu@) B.chuy$n to ho.t &,ng (contactor K2), Q0.1
D &; s/ l1Bng to cho thng (C1) R nh3 khEi &,ng, M0.0
Hnh 11.11: S: #D #i/u khi+n theo trnh t b\ng chuy/n #8m to Ch14ng trnh Bi'u di\n E LAD:
207
Chu Ch YGc
208
Chu Ch YGc
Ch7:ng trnh bi*u diHn 9 STL: Network 1 Buoc co ban LD I0.1 LDN I0.0 NOT LPS A M1.0 = M1.0 LPP ALD O M1.0 = M1.0 Network 2 Buoc 1: Bang chuyen thung LDN M0.0 AN Q0.1 A M1.0 LD M1.2 ON I0.0 NOT LPS A M1.1 = M1.1 LPP ALD O M1.1 = M1.1 Network 3 Buoc 2: Bang chuyen tao LD I0.3 EU A M1.1 LD M1.3 ON I0.0 NOT LPS A M1.2 = M1.2 LPP ALD O M1.2 = M1.2 Network 4 Buoc 3: Ket thuc LD C1 A M1.2 LD M1.1 ON I0.0 NOT LPS A M1.3 = M1.3 LPP ALD O M1.3 = M1.3 Network 5 Thuc hien nhiem vu trong buoc 1 LD M1.1 = Q0.0 S M0.0, 1 Network 6 Thuc hien nhiem vu trong buoc 2 LD M1.2 = Q0.1 Network 7 Dem tao LD M1.2 AN I0.2 LD M1.1 CTU C1, 12 Network 8 Thuc hien nhiem vu buoc 3 LD M1.3 R M0.0, 1
209
Chu Ch YGc
11.10 Cu hì v bi t2p

BT 11.1 n giao thng M,t giao l, hnh @nh v c chA &, lm vi c nh1 hnh 11.12 S: #D cng ngh' v gi>n #D thKi gian
Dng-Ty &P
Dng-Ty vng
Dng-Ty xanh
Nam-BCc &P
Nam-BCc vng
Nam-BCc xanh
60s 10s 60s 10s
Hnh 11.12: S: #D cng ngh' #n giao thng v gi>n #D thKi gian
210
Chu Ch YGc
B>ng k hi'u K hi u DFa chH S1 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 I0.0 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Cng tCc h th/ng Dng-Ty &P Dng-Ty vng Dng-Ty xanh Nam-BCc &P Nam-BCc vng Nam-BCc xanh
Ch thch
Khi bQt cng tCc S1 v$ vF tr ON th h th/ng &n giao thng ho.t &,ng theo s4 &= thZi gian trn. m vF tr OFF th ton b, h th/ng &n tCt. Hy viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n theo ph14ng php trnh t6. BT 11.2 Xe chuy0n nguyn liGu
Hnh 11.13: S: #D cng ngh' xe chuy+n nguyn li'u B>ng k hi'u K hiKu 3<a ch> Start End 1 Fill 1 I0.0 I0.1 I0.2
Ch thch KhEi &,ng h th/ng, th1Zng hE. Cng tCc hnh trnh E tr.m x@, th1Zng &ng C@m biAn bo xe rKng, th1Zng &ng.
211
Chu Ch YGc
End 2 Fill 2 Stop Step Auto Dir_A Dir_B Y1 Y2
I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3
Cng tCc hnh trnh tr.m n.p, th1Zng &ng. C@m biAn bo &Jy, th1Zng hE. DUng, th1Zng &ng. ChA &, b13c, th1Zng hE. ChA &, t6 &,ng, th1Zng hE. Xe ch.y v$ h13ng A Xe ch.y v$ h13ng B Van x@ nguyn li u Van th;y l6c
M tB hoEt 'Sng Xe vQn chuy'n nguyn li u ho.t &,ng nh1 sau: * Xe vQn chuy'n nguyn li u c th' th6c hi n qua cng tCc ch]n chA &,: - ChA &, t6 &,ng: I0.6 - ChA &, b13c: I0.7 * VF tr c4 b@n: Xe E vF tr cng tCc hnh trnh End 2 (I0.3 v xe ch1a &1Bc lm &Jy. ChM 'S tL 'Sng: Khi xe E vF tr c4 b@n v cng tCc ch]n chA &, &>t E chA &, t6 &,ng, khi nh)n nt khEi &,ng (I0.0) th van x@ Y1 mE, vQt li u &1Bc &K vo xe, c@m biAn Fill 2 dng &' nhQn biAt xe & &1Bc &K &Jy. Khi xe &Jy th van x@ Y1 m)t &i n v xe ch.y v$ h13ng B sau thZi gian Kn &Fnh 5s, xe dUng l.i t.i B (tr.m nhQn nguyn li u) khi ch.m cng tCc hnh trnh S2. Xy lanh th;y l6c c;a thiAt bF x@ &1Bc &i$u khi'n v t)m chCn trn xe &1Bc mE vQt li u &1Bc rt vo b=n ch?a. Khi xe x@ hAt vQt li u c@m biAn S4 pht ra tn hi u 1, pit tng th;y l6c c;a thiAt bF x@ m)t &i n, t)m chCn trE v$ vF tr ca, xe dUng 5 giy sau & ch.y v$ h13ng A. Chu k` ho.t &,ng &1Bc l>p l.i. NAu trong chu k` ho.t &,ng m nt dUng &1Bc )n th qu trnh vkn tiAp tOc cho &An khi xe trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n (xe rWng v E tr.m nhQn nguyn li u) v dUng hpn. ChM 'S b7Qc: m mWi b13c th6c hi n ph@i thng qua nt nh)n start. V dO : khi )n start xe &ng vF tr van x@ &1Bc mE, khi xe &Jy th S3 tc &,ng, van x@ &ng l.i. NAu tiAp tOc )n start th xe ch.y v$ h13ng B. Hy viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n xe chuy'n nguyn li u ny theo &i$u khi'n trnh t6.
212
Chu Ch YGc
BT 11.3
Thi:t b> v n#Ic chai
Hnh 11.14: S: #D cng ngh' thi8t bU v n!9c chai BBng k hiKu K hiKu S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 3<a ch> I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Ch thch Gi3i h.n trn c;a cJn v nu3c, th1Zng &ng Gi3i h.n d13i c;a cJn v n13c, th1Zng &ng C@m biAn vF tr chai, th1Zng hE KhEi &,ng h th/ng, th1Zng hE Chai &ng vF tr trong kt, th1Zng hE Van x@ nu3c H. cJn v n13c xu/ng Nng cJn v n13c ln BRng t@i vQn chuy'n chai rWng Dn bo kt &Jy
M tB
213
Chu Ch YGc
ThiAt bF v n13c chai ho.t &,ng nh1 sau: Tr13c khi vQn hnh thiAt bF v n13c chai th cc chai rWng ph@i &1Bc &>t ln bRng t@i. NAu sau & nt nh)n khEi &,ng ( I0.3) &1Bc tc &,ng, th bRng t@i sj vQn chuy'n chai rWng v3i thZi gian tr hon ban &Ju l 1s. BRng t@i dUng l.i khi c m,t chai &An c@m biAn vF tr (I0.2). By giZ cJn v n13c sj h. tU trn xu/ng, khi &An gi3i h.n d13i (I0.1) th dUng l.i, sau & 1s th van x@ sj &1Bc mE &K n13c vo chai, van x@ sj &ng l.i khi chai &Jy thZi gian lm &Jy ko di kho@ng 3s. Sau khi van x@ &ng l.i 1s th cJn v n13c &1Bc nng ln, &An gi3i h.n trn (I0.0) th dUng l.i. Sau & 1s th bRng t@i vQn chuy'n chai rWng l.i tiAp tOc v qu trnh c? thA l>p l.i. Chai & &K &Jy n13c &1Bc &1a sang bRng t@i &1a chai vo kt khi bRng t@i chai rWng ho.t &,ng, khi chai &ng vF tr trong kt th c m,t tn hi u pht ra (I0.4). Qu trnh &1Bc l>p &i lRp l.i cho &An khi no s/ l1Bng chai trong kt &; 12 th &n bo sng ln v h th/ng dUng l.i. Qu trnh m3i l.i bCt &Ju khi nt nh)n khEi &,ng &1Bc tc &,ng. Hy viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n s0 dOng ph14ng php trnh t6. BT 11.4 My u;n thanh kim lo7i S: '/ cng nghK:
Hnh 11.15: S: #D cng ngh' my u-n thanh kim lo@i Cc thanh kim lo.i cJn &1Bc u/n m,t &Ju theo theo m,t khun cho tr13c (s4 &= cng ngh ). Qui trnh ho.t &,ng c;a my nh1 sau: Thanh kim lo.i cJn u/n &1Bc &>t ln khun u/n qn nt khEi &,ng S0 th xy lanh Cyl.1 h. xu/ng &' gi7 l)y thanh kim lo.i.
214
Chu Ch YGc
Khi thanh kim lo.i &1Bc gi7 ch>t (nhQn biAt bEi cng tCc hnh trnh S2) th xy lanh Cyl.2 h. xu/ng &' u/n thanh kim lo.i vung gc tr13c. Sau khi u/n xong th t6 &,ng nng ln nhZ cng tCc hnh trnh S4. Khi xy lanh Cyl.2 trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n (nhQn biAt bEi S3) th xy lanh Cyl.3 &1Bc &[y &' u/n thanh kim lo.i E giai &]an u/n cu/i theo &Fnh hnh c;a khun u/n. Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 &An vF tr S6 th t6 &,ng rt ng1Bc v$. Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 rt v$ &An vF tr c4 b@n (nhQn biAt bEi S5) th xy lanh Cyl.1 cang rt v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a n (nhQn biAt bEi S1). Lc ny thanh kim lo.i &1Bc t6 do. Ng1Zi s0 dOng c th' l)y ra v &>t m,t thanh kim lo.i m3i vo. V m,t chu k` m3i l.i c th' bCt &Ju.
Hy viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n s0 dOng ph14ng php trnh t6. BT 11.5 My doa miGng ;ng kim lo7i tng kim lo.i cJn &1Bc doa mi ng theo m,t khun cho tr13c (s4 &= cng ngh ). S6 /A cng nghG:
Hnh 11.16: S: #D cng ngh' my doa mi'g -ng kim lo@i. My ho.t &,ng nh1 sau: Ng1Zi vQn hnh &>t /ng kim lo.i cJn doa mi ng vo vF tr sao cho mi ng /ng ph@i ch.m vo c0 ch>n mi ng /ng. Sau & )n nt nh)n S0, xy lanh Cyl.1 sj ksp /ng l.i. khi /ng & &1Bc ksp th c0 ch>n mi ng /ng t6 &,ng rt v$. Xy lanh Cyl.2 sj h. xu/ng doa mi ng /ng theo khun A. thZi gian doa khPang 3s. Sau & xy lanh Cyl.2 rt v$ v khun B &1Bc xylanh Cyl.4 &1a vo. Sau khi khun B &1Bc &1a vo th xy lanh Cyl.2 h. xu/ng &' doa mi ng /ng theo khun B. T14ng t6 nh1 khun A vi c doa kho@ng 3s. Sau & xy lanh Cyl.2 trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a n v xy lanh Cyl.4 cang rt khun B v$ v &>t
215
Chu Ch YGc
khun A v$ vF tr sSn sng cho /ng kim lo.i kA tiAp. Sau khi mi ng /ng & &1Bc doa theo khun B xong th xy lanh ksp /ng Cyl.1 co v$ th@ /ng kim lo.i khPi hm ksp. Xy lanh Cyl.2 &1Bc &[y trE v$ vF tr ch>n mi ng /ng. M,t chu k` m3i l.i c th' bCt &Ju. Hy viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n s0 dOng ph14ng php trnh t6. BT 11.6 B/n trSn
Hai lo.i ch)t lPng khc nhau &1Bc tr,n v &1Bc nung nng &An m,t nhi t &, xc &Fnh theo s4 &= cng ngh nh1 hnh vj. M t8 ho7t /1ng: Sau khi nt nh)n S0 &1Bc tc &,ng th van Y1 mE cho ch)t lPng A vo b=n &An cng tCc gi3i h.n m?c S2 th &ng l.i. Sau & &,ng c4 khu)y &1Bc c)p &i n v van Y2 &1Bc mE. Khi cng tCc gi3i h.n m?c S3 tc &,ng th van Y2 &ng l.i v &i n trE nung H &1Bc c)p &i n. C@m biAn nhi t S4 thng bo nhi t & &.t &An nhi t &, cho tr13c th &i n trE nung v &,ng c4 khu)y m)t &i n v van Y3 &1Bc mE. Khi cng tCc bo m?c S1 thng bo r9ng b=n & x@ hAt th van Y3 &ng l.i v m,t qu trnh m3i &1Bc l>p l.i nAu nt nh)n S0 &1Bc tc &,ng. S6 /A cng nghG:
Hnh 11.17: BDn tr$n B@ng &i$u khi'n:
216
Chu Ch YGc
I1 I2 I3 I4
T6 &,ng/tay Ch)p nhQn chA &, Cho php ho.t &,ng DUng
Q4
Bo chA &, t6 &,ng
Hi'n thF b13c
Q3
Q2
Q1
Q0
B@ng k hi u: K hiKu 3<a ch> Cc biMn vo I1 I2 I3 I4 S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 Q0 Q1 Q2 Q4 Y1 Y2 Y3 H M I1.1 I1.2 I1.3 I1.4 I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 Q0.6 Q0.7 Q1.0 Q1.1 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4
Ch thch Cng tCc tay/t6 &,ng Ch)p nhQn chA &, Cho php ho.t &,ng DUng Nt nh)n khEi &,ng Cng tCc hnh trnh bo m6c ch)t lPng 1 (b=n rWng) Cng tCc hnh trnh bo m6c ch)t lPng 2 Cng tCc hnh trnh bo m6c ch)t lPng 3 C@m biAn nhi t &, ChH thF b13 gi trF 1 ChH thF b13c gi trF 2 ChH thF b13c gi trF 4 ChH thF chA &, t6 &,ng Van Y1, van mE Q0.0=1 Van Y2, van mE Q0.1=1 Van Y3, van mE Q0.2=1 Di n trE nung D,ng c4 khu)y
Cc biMn ra
Hy viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n s0 dOng ph14ng php trnh t6.
217
12 An ton trong PLC
Chu Ch YGc
12 An ton trong PLC
12.1
Khi niGm v m%c /ch
An ton c;a m,t thiAt bF &i n khng chH ch &/i v3i PLC m cn ch &An tKng th' cc ho.t &,ng bn ngoi my mc v thiAt bF. S6 an ton c;a m,t trang bF &i n ph@i &1Bc th6c hi n khng phO thu,c vo lo.i &i$u khi'n, v dO &i$u khi'n b9ng contactor hay PLC. Khi ni m an ton &1Bc hi'u theo nghâ kh@ nRng c;a m,t h th/ng c tc dOng trong m,t gi3i h.n cho tr13c trong m,t kho@ng thZi gian xc &Fnh m khng c nguy hi'm x@y ra. An ton chH c th' &.t &1Bc trong kho@ng gi3i h.n cho tr13c. Cc gi3i h.n ny thu,c v$ cc &i$u ki n mi tr1Zng nh1: Nhi t &, D, [m S6 tc &,ng c4 kh B@o d1Lng &ng S0 dOng &ng ThZi gian ho.t &,ng Khng gy nguy hi'm &An tnh m.ng v s?c khPe con ng1Zi B@o &@m cho my mc, thiAt bF tr13c cc s6 c/ &ng tiAc Bnh th1Zng trong cc tr1Zng hBp lWi
MOc &ch c;a an ton l:
12.2
H# h`ng N PLC
Trong th6c tA chH ra r9ng 95% t)t c@ cc h1 hPng l do thiAt bF ngo.i vi. Cc h1 hPng c th' l: D?t dy dkn &An thiAt bF hay khu &i$u chHnh Cc h1 hPng E c4 c)u ch)p hnh nh1 nt nh)n, cng tCc, cng tCc hnh trnh. H1 hPng E khu &i$u chHnh.
Cn &/i v3i h1 hPng do PLC gy ra th vo kho@ng 5%. HJu hAt l do cc kh/i vo/ra, b, x0 l trung tm hay ngu=n cung c)p. H1 hPng E cc thiAt bF &i$u khi'n &1Bc phn b/ nh1 sau:
218
Chu Ch YGc 5% H1 hPng do PLC Cc ch?c nRng trung tm
12 An ton trong PLC Thanh ghi 25% B, nh3
10%
95%
H1 hPng E ngo.i vi
25% 90% Ng vo/ra Bus h th/ng 25% Ngu=n cung c)p 25%
TU s4 &= trn, ta c th' phn &on &1Bc cc lWi xu)t hi n E &u &' tm lWi E thiAt bF ngo.i vi hay E PLC. Cc lWi ngo.i vi c th' nhQn biAt, nAu: T)t c@ cc ng vo/ra c;a PLC c LED hi'n thF V3i s6 gip &L c;a thiAt bF lQp trnh (&>t E chA &, Online) NAu cc thng bo lWi c th' &1Bc th6c hi n v3i phJn m$m
Cc lWi E PLC c th' &1Bc nhQn biAt nAu cc tr.ng thi bn trong h th/ng &1Bc chH thF v3i cc LED bo tr.ng thi, v dO nh1: Gim st ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n, &i$u khi'n chu k` Ki'm tra ngu=n cung c)p Gim st nhi t &, ....
Bn c.nh & cc lWi cang c th' &1Bc in ra E d.ng vRn b@n &' d\ tm lWi.
12.3 Cc quan /i0m v, kf thu2t an ton N PLC

12.3.1 Cc lei nguy hi0m v khng nguy hi0m Cc lWi c th' xu)t hi n trong &i$u khi'n E m,t vF tr b)t k`. Khi m,t lWi xu)t hi n, n c th' l lWi nguy hi'm hay khng nguy hi'm ty thu,c vo @nh h1Eng no m n gy ra &/i v3i tr.ng thi tn hi u th6c hi n Cc lIi nguy hi+m #!Ac xem l nguy hi+m, n8u: Gy h.i &An s6 an ton cho con ng1Zi v my mc, thiAt bF Cc lWi ny cJn ph@i &1Bc ngRn ngUa Tc dOng c;a n ph@i &1Bc ngRn ngUa &/i v3i ho.t &,ng an ton c;a thiAt bF.
Cc lIi khng nguy hi+m, n8u:
219
12 An ton trong PLC
Chu Ch YGc
Khng tc h.i &An s6 an ton N c th' &1Bc x0 l, v dO v3i cc ngCt bo lWi CCt truy$n &,ng.
Cc lWi nguy hi'm v khng nguy hi'm c th' xu)t hi n l lWi tch c6c (tn hi u 1 E ng ra, &ng lj ra n ph@i l 0) ho>c lWi khng tch c6c (tn hi u 0 E ng ra, &ng lj ra n ph@i l 1). 12.3.2 Cc cch gi8i quy:t cho ho7t /1ng an ton cJa thi:t b> /i,u khi0n PLC Khng c m,t gi@i php kX thuQt an ton no c gi trF chung cho t)t c@ cc v)n &$ &i$u khi'n, v mWi s6 &i$u khi'n c &>c &i'm ring, &i$u ki n cng ngh , trnh t6 ho.t &,ng, qui luQt v &i$u ki n mi tr1Zng. TU &, &/i v3i mWi thiAt bF ph@i &1Bc quyAt &Fnh l)y ph14ng php kX thuQt an ton no &' trnh &1Bc cc s6 c/ &ng tiAc cho ng1Zi v my mc. Hi n t.i vkn ch1a c gi@i &p tha mn v$ phJn c?ng v phJn m$m cho v)n &$ an ton. Cc nh chA t.o PLC & &1a vo cc ch?c nRng an ton c;a thiAt bF &i$u khi'n PLC. Chng gip cho ng1Zi dng trnh &1Bc tnh tr.ng &?ng my c;a thiAt bF t6 &,ng &' th6c hi n c ch)t l1Bng v hi u qu@ cao. C th' tm tCt cc cch gi@i quyAt cho ho.t &,ng an ton nh1 sau: C)u trc PLC an ton ThiAt bF gim st bn trong h th/ng c;a PLC (gim st ho.t &,ng ch14ng trnh (watch-dog), ph14ng php &nh d)u ki'm tra). ThiAt kA &ng (s6 &ng m.ch l.i, dUng kh[n c)p, thZi gian gim st, d6 phng ) LQp trnh an ton khi &?t dy Cc m.ch an ton cao LCp m.ch b@o v cc ng ra
Cc m@ch an ton cao Cc m.ch an ton cao l cc thiAt bF &i$u khi'n phO &1Bc th6c hi n E ng ra c;a PLC cho ch?c nRng an ton. Cc thiAt bF &i$u khi'n ny &@m nhQn ch?c nRng an ton ring cho thiAt bF &i$u khi'n Cc kha Cc kha cJn thiAt &' trnh cc tr.ng thi &ng m.ch khng mong mu/n. C cc lo.i kha c?ng khc nhau sau: * Kha 2 ng vo (hnh 12.10) Tr1Zng hBp ny chH s0 dOng &/i v3i cc m.ch &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 quay ph@i, tri dng contactor. Cn trong PLC khng bCt bu,c.
220
Chu Ch YGc
12 An ton trong PLC
* Kha ng ra (hnh 12.11) m &y cc ng ra &1Bc kha cho lkn nhau s0 dOng tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng. Di$u ny trnh cho cc contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 quay ph@i v quay tri &ng cng lc. Lo.i kho ny E PLC l lo.i kha &1Bc chH &Fnh bCt bu,c, v hi n t1Bng dnh tiAp &i'm c;a contactor v lWi lQp trnh gy ra.
Trai 24 Vdc
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7
PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 L+
Phai
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7
K2 K1
K1 K2
24 Vdc
PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 L+
Phai Trai
Hnh 12.14: Kha 2 ng vo * Kha do nhWn 2 tay cng lc

Dung Nang Ha Tren Duoi
Hnh 12.15: Kha 2 ng ra
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
24 Vdc I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 M
Trong kha ny cJn ph@i lQp trnh sao cho vi c tc &,ng nt nh)n trong m,t thZi gian xc &Fnh (v dO 0,2s). * Cng t^c giQi hEn an ton m m,t thiAt bF nng, nAu cng tCc hnh trnh bF h1 hPng th sj c nguy hi'm x@y ra, v vQy cJn ph@i c cc cng tCc hnh trnh an ton v &n bo tiAp &i'm bF h1 hPng.
PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
S10
Tren
L+
S11
Duoi
24 Vdc
K1
K2
Nang Ha
Hnh 12.16: SH d%ng cng tMc giIi h7n an ton Cng t^c bBo vK 'Sng c: Cng tCc b@o v &,ng c4 l m,t cng tCc 3 c6c b@o v qu t@i cho &,ng c4. Chng &1Bc lCp &>t tr6c tiAp vo m.ch &i n chnh c;a &,ng c4 &1Bc &i$u khi'n. Tn hi u h=i tiAp v$ c;a cng tCc b@o v &,ng c4 &1Bc n/i vo ng vo c;a PLC.
221
12 An ton trong PLC
Chu Ch YGc
L1 L2 L3 N
OFF
ON
F2
F1
Bao ve dong co
S1
S5
24 Vdc I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 M
K1
PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 L+
F1
I>> I>> I>>
K1
24 Vdc
M 3~
Hnh 12.17: S[ d)ng cng tEc b>o v' #$ng c: trong h' th-ng #i/u khi+n bPng PLC Cng t^c d8ng khZn cWp Cng tCc dUng c)p ph@i &1Bc tch ra khPi khu truy$n &,ng v thiAt bF &i$u chHnh. Thng qua tc dOng c;a n c th' trnh &1Bc s6 nguy hi'm cho ng1Zi v thiAt bF. T)t c@ cc thiAt bF c@nh bo khng &1Bc php tCt khi c s6 tc &,ng bEi nt dUng kh[n c)p. Chng gip cho biAt tr.ng thi s6 c/ x@y ra. Hnh vj d13i &y v dO m,t m.ch DeNG KHfN CiP.
OFF ON
L1 F1 F2 F3
S1
S5
K5 K6
S9
~ = -
24 Vdc M
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7
PLC
S10
1L
K5 K6
Q0.0 Q0.1
2L
Q0.2 Q0.3
3L
Q0.4 Q0.5
H1 K5 K6 K1 K2
H2
K4
K3
K3
K4
Hnh 12.18: V d) m@ch DeNG KHfN CiP trong h' th-ng #i/u khi+n bPng PLC
222
Chu Ch YGc
12 An ton trong PLC
Cc contactor K1, K2 l cc khu khng nguy hi'm v vQy khng cJn thiAt ph@i cCt m.ch b9ng nt dUng kh[n c)p S9. Cc &n H1, H2 l cc thiAt bF c@nh bo. Cc contactor K3, K4 dng &' &i$u khi'n cc &,ng c4, &y l khu nguy hi'm nn nh)t thiAt ph@i bF cCt &i n nAu nt dUng kh[n c)p S9 &1Bc )n. Khi nt d8ng khZn cWp S9 &1Bc tc &,ng th cc contactor K5, K6 m)t &i n, cc tiAp &i'm K5, K6 &1Bc n/i v3i ng vo I0.4 (dng cho dUng kh[n c)p) sj trE v$ tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng (th1Zng hE), thng qua ch14ng trnh K3 v K4 sj bF m)t &i n. L#p trnh an ton khi 'Nt dy LQp trnh an ton khi &?t dy c nghâ l khi &?t dy E m,t tn hi u ng vo th cang khng c nguy hi'm x@y ra. V dO trong hnh 3.15 l tr1Zng hBp &?t dy sj khng x@y ra s6 c/ nguy hi'm. S6 &?t dy c th' gy ra tc dOng nguy hi'm, nAu tn hi u 0 ngRn c@n s6 cCt truy$n &,ng, &ng m.ch truy$n &,ng ho>c ngRn c@n cc c@nh bo nguy hi'm. Ng1Bc l.i s6 &?t dy c th' khng gy nguy hi'm, tn hi u 0 cCt truy$n &,ng, ngRn c@n s6 &ng m.ch truy$n &,ng v &ng cc c@nh bo nguy hi'm, m>c d khng c nguy hi'm t=n t.i. TU s6 suy &on ny c th' &1a ra cc yu cJu sau cho cc tn hi u ng vo: B, pht tn hi u &' truy$n &,ng ph@i c tn hi u 1 khi tc &,ng n (vd: tiAp &i'm th1Zng hE). B, pht tn hi u &' cCt truy$n &,ng khi tc &,ng ph@i c tn hi u 0 (vd: tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng).
OFF
S1
B, pht tn hi u &' c@nh bo nguy hi'm, khi tc &,ng hay bi'u thF nguy hi'm ph@i c tn hi u 0 E ng vo PLC
D?t dy t.o ra tn hi u 0
I0.0
PLC
Q0.0
NAu m,t b, pht tn hi u trong &i$u khi'n thi hnh nhi$u ch?c nRng th cJn ph@i &1Bc xem xt, ch?c nRng no cJn &1Bc th6c hi n tr13c cang nh1 ch?c nRng no bi'u di\n s6 quan tr]ng E kX thuQt an ton. m &y ph@i &>t ra cu hPi: S6 &i$u khi'n x@y ra nh1 thA no khi &?t dy? V3i s6 xem xt c tnh nguyn tCc ny cho php thiAt bF &i$u khi'n tU ch14ng trnh th6c hi n an ton E cc b13c tiAp theo. NAu cc yu cJu an ton &1Bc &>t cao h4n, th lWi nguy hi'm ph@i &1Bc nhQn biAt thng qua cc bi n php phO v ngRn c@n cc tc dOng c;a n.
K1
Hnh 12.19: S c# '(t dy khng nguy hi*m
12.4 B8o vG cc ng ra PLC
223
12 An ton trong PLC
Chu Ch YGc
Tr1Zng hBp cc ng ra c;a PLC n/i v3i cc cu,n khng th cJn ph@i b@o v cho chng &' trnh hi n t1Bng qu p khi ng ra m)t &i n. Ty theo ng ra &1Bc thiAt kA cho ?ng dOng m c th' s0 dOng cc linh ki n thch hBp &' b@o v . 12.4.1 B8o vG ng ra dng Transistor Ng ra S7-200 DCTransistor c diode zenner &' b@o v cho n. Vi c lCp thm m,t diode bn ngoi cang gip cho vi c b@o v ng ra khi t@i mCc v3i cu,n c@m &' trnh qu p trn cc diode n,i. C hai cch lCp cc m.ch b@o v nh1 hnh 12.20 v 12.21 (trch tU sK tay S7-200). Trong tr1Zng hBp ny cang c th' s0 dOng m.ch b@o v dng diode ho>c diode kAt hBp v3i zenner nh1ng &i n p UZ c;a Zenner ph@i l)y &An 36V.
Diode 1N4001 ho>c t14ng &14ng
zener 8.2V ; 5W
Hinh 4.20: M@ch b>o v' ng ra Cu,n dy transistor v9 i diode
Hinh 4.21: M@ch b>o v' ng ra ,n dy transistor v9i Cu diode zenner
12.4.2 B8o vG ng ra R6le c nguAn /i,u khi0n DC Trong tr1Zng hBp ny ng1Zi ta th1Zng s0 dOng m.ng &i n trE/tO &i n v &i n p &i$u khi'n c th' &An 30VDC. 12.4.3 B8o vG ng ra R6le v ng ra AC c nguAn /i,u khi0n AC Khi s0 dOng r4le ho>c ng ra AC &' &ng cCt t@i 115V/220 VAC, th c th' b@o v b9ng &i n trE/tO &i n ho>c cang c th' s0 dOng Varistor &' gi3i h.n &i n p &Hnh nh1ng ch r9ng &i n p lm vi c c;a Varistor t nh)t ph@i l3n h4n 20% &i n p lm vi c bnh th1Zng.
m &y minimum
Cu,n dy
m &y K l 0.5 uF/A &An 1 uF/A
Hnh 12.18: M@ch b>o v' dng #i'n trH/t) #i'n cho ng ra relay c nguDn #i/u khi+n DC
R>0.5 x Vrms &/i v3i r4le C = 0.002 uF &An 0.005 uF &/i v3i mWi 10 VA c;a t@i Cu,n dy
Hnh 12.19: M@ch b>o v' ng ra relay c nguDn #i/u khi+n AC.
224
Chu Ch YGc
12 An ton trong PLC
12.5
Cu hì v bi t2p
BT 12.1: Hy gi@i thch t.i sao nt nh)n dUng ph@i l th1Zng &ng v nt nh)n khEi &,ng ph@i l th1Zng hE? BT 12.2: Hy cho biAt &i$u g x@y ra nAu m,t nt nh)n th1Zng &ng &1Bc s0 dOng &' mE my trong m,t h th/ng khi dy n/i v3i nt nh)n bF &?t? V &i$u g x@y ra cho m,t h th/ng c nt nh)n th1Zng hE &1Bc s0 dOng lm nt nh)n dUng khi dy n/i v3i nt nh)n bF &?t? BT 12.3: Hy vj s4 &= n/i dy cho PLC c cc ng vo &1Bc n/i v3i m,t c@m biAn PNP v m,t c@m biAn NPN. Cc ng ra &1Bc n/i v3i hai &n bo cng su)t nhP 24VDC, hai relay 24VDC &' &i$u khi'n hai contactor t14ng ?ng. Trong m.ch c gCn h th/ng dUng kh[n c)p. BT 12.4: Hy vj s4 &= &i n v s4 &= kh nn cho m,t h th/ng &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC. H th/ng bao g=m cc linh ki n &1Bc li t k d13i &y. Trong m.ch c gCn h th/ng dUng kh[n c)p. M,t &,ng c4 3 pha/50 HP M,t c@m biAn NPN M,t nt nh)n th1Zng hE (NO) M,t cng tCc hnh trnh th1Zng &ng (NC) Hai &n bo cng su)t th)p 24VDC M,t van c 2 cu,n dy 24VDC.
225
13 Chuy+n #i/u khi+n k8t n-i cGng sang #i/u khi+n bPng PLC
Chu Ch YGc
13
Chuy0n /i,u khi0n k:t n;i c"ng sang /i,u khi0n bEng PLC.
13.1 K:t n;i ng vo/ ra cJa PLC td m1t s6 /A /i,u khi0n c ti:p /i0m Trong nhi$u tr1Zng hBp, cJn c@i t.o m,t h th/ng &i$u khi'n v3i relay v contactor thnh h th/ng &i$u khi'n v3i PLC. M,t cu hPi &>t ra l chng ta cJn gi7 l.i nh7ng phJn no trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n, cn phJn no sj lo.i bP &i? D' d\ dng trong vi c chuy'n &Ki, c th' p dOng ph14ng php sau &' chuy'n &Ki tU m,t h th/ng &i$u khi'n ca sang &i$u khi'n v3i PLC: V, ph@n c"ng: Xc &Fnh cc b, t.o tn hi u (v dO: nt nh)n, cng tCc, c@m biAn . . .) cJn thiAt nh)t trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n, mWi b, t.o tn hi u ty theo lo.i t.o ra tn hi u no nn &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t ng vo c;a PLC t14ng ?ng, v dO nAu b, t.o ra tn hi u nhF phn th &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc ng vo s/, cn b, t.o ra tn hi u t14ng t6 th kAt n/i v3i ng vo t14ng t6 (ng vo analog). Cn cc b, t.o tn hi u cn l.i nAu khng cJn thiAt th c th' bP &i v sj &1Bc th6c hi n b9ng ch14ng trnh trong PLC. T14ng t6 xc &Fnh cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh (&/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n) cJn thiAt nh)t, thng th1Zng cc &/i t1Bng ny l cc &n bo, contactor chnh, van tU, .v.v.. Tu` theo lo.i m mWi &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n c th' kAt n/i tr6c tiAp ho>c gin tiAp v3i cc ng ra t14ng ?ng, mWi m,t &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n cJn m,t ng ra. NAu cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n cJn dng &i$u khi'n l3n th yu cJu ph@i s0 dOng r4 le trung gian. V dO nh1 cc contactor chnh &i$u khi'n cc &,ng c4 cng su)t l3n th ng ra c;a PLC sj &1Bc n/i v3i m,t r4 le trung gian v thng qua tiAp &i'm c;a r4 le trung gian &' &i$u khi'n cc contactor ny. Cn cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n khng tc &,ng tr6c tiAp &An qu trnh &i$u khi'n m chH &ng vai tr trung gian hW trB cho qu trnh &i$u khi'n nh1 r4 le trung gian th c th' lo.i bP v &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t nh3 no & trong ch14ng trnh c;a PLC. Sau khi & xc &Fnh &1Bc s/ l1Bng cc ng vo, ng ra cJn thiAt v h th/ng &i n cung c)p cho phJn &i$u khi'n th tiAn hnh &An vi c l6a ch]n lo.i PLC ph hBp.
226
Chu Ch YGc
ThiAt lQp b@ng xc &Fnh cc ng vo/ra v3i cc ngo.i vi t14ng ?ng v ch ghi ch l.i cng chi tiAt cng t/t. Th6c hi n vi c n/i dy cc ng vo, ng ra c;a PLC v3i cc b, t.o tn hi u &i$u khi'n v &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n. Trong qu trnh n/i dy cJn l1u &An cc nguyn tCc an ton trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n (xem mOc 4.3). T)t c@ vi c kAt n/i dy trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n tr13c &y sj &1Bc biAn &Ki thnh ch14ng trnh trong PLC. V, ph@n m,m: Vi c viAt ch14ng trnh c th' th6c hi n theo hai cch: Cch 1: Ty theo yu cJu cng ngh m c th' thiAt lQp gi@i thuQt &i$u khi'n v viAt ch14ng trnh theo gi@i thuQt &i$u khi'n ny. Cch 2: Vkn duy tr ho.t &,ng c;a h th/ng nh1 ca, hay n/i khc &i l khng cJn thiAt ph@i lQp l.i gi@i thuQt &i$u khi'n v t)t c@ & &1Bc thiAt kA trong s4 &= &i$u khi'n c?ng tr13c &y m chH cJn biAn &Ki s4 &= &i$u khi'n ny thnh ch14ng trnh trong PLC. Cch ny t14ng &/i d\ dng v c th' khng bF lWi khi lQp trnh. Trong phJn ny trnh by ph14ng php chuy'n &Ki theo cch 2 theo cc b13c nh1 sau: Th6c hi n viAt ch14ng trnh lJn l1Bt cho mWi &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n, mWi &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n &1Bc viAt E m,t &o.n ch14ng trnh v c ghi ch cO th' &' d\ dng s7a lWi. ChH c cc &i$u ki n cJn thiAt nh)t cho &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n m3i &1Bc viAt vo &o.n ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n n. NAu m,t s/ &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n c cng chung m,t nhm &i$u ki n, th nhm &i$u ki n ny nn &1Bc &1Bc viAt ring E m,t &o.n ch14ng trnh v c)t kAt qu@ vo m,t nh3 trong PLC. NAu &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n no cJn nhm &i$u ki n ny th chH cJn l)y kAt qu@ &1Bc ch?a trong nh3. Di$u ny gip cho c)u trc ch14ng trnh m.ch l.c v vi c &]c ch14ng trnh trE nn d\ dng h4n. Cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n khng cJn thiAt (v dO contactor trung gian) sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t nh3 trong PLC. NAu cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n no cJn &An tiAp &i'm c;a r4 le trung gian ny th chH cJn thay thA b9ng tiAp &i'm c;a nh3. Ty theo h th/ng &i$u khi'n c ph?c t.p hay khng m c th' phn chia thnh nhi$u kh/i ch14ng trnh &' d\ dng trong qu trnh qu@n l.
Hnh 13.1 l m,t v dO v$ vi c chuy'n &Ki m,t s4 &= &i$u khi'n c0a ra vo c4 quan b9ng contactor thnh h th/ng &i$u khi'n v3i PLC (chH dUng l.i E vi c chuy'n &Ki kAt n/i dy, cn ch14ng trnh th6c hi n E cc ch14ng sau). D6a vo cc b13c trn, ta nhQn th)y cc nt nh)n, contactor cJn thiAt d1Bc gi7 l.i nh1 trong b@ng xc &Fnh kAt n/i vo/ra v3i ngo.i vi v PLC &1Bc ch]n E &y l lo.i CPU 224 DC/DC/relay. Do contactor K1 v K2 khng &1Bc
227
Chu Ch YGc
php c &i n &=ng thZi nn theo quan &i'm an ton cJn ph@i kha cho hai contactor ny l.i v3i nhau. B8ng xc />nh k:t n;i vo/ra vIi ngo7i vi K hiKu S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 K1 K2 H1 H2
24Vdc F1
S0 S1 S2 S3 S4
3<a ch> I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3
Ch thch Nt nh)n dUng, th1Zng &ng Nt nh)n mE c0a, th1Zng hE Nt nh)n &ng c0a, th1Zng hE Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n c0a mE, th1Zng &ng Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n c0a &ng, th1Zng &ng Cu,n dy contactor K1, &i$u khi'n mE c0a Cu,n dy contactor K2, &i$u khi'n &ng c0a Dn bo c0a &ang mE Dn bo c0a &ang &ng
S0 S2 S1 S3 K2 K1 0V K2 S4 K1 K2 K1 K2
24Vdc
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7
K1
PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 K2 K1 K2 H1 H2 24Vdc L
H1
H2
K1
a)
b)
Hnh 13.1: K8t n-i ng vo/ ra cCa PLC tM m$t s: #D #i/u khi+n c ti8p #i+m 13.2 Chuy0n /(i /i,u khi0n td contactor thnh PLC
Contactor l m,t chuy'n m.ch b9ng &i n. Ty theo lo.i v ph.m vi ?ng dOng m n &1Bc phn thnh 2 lo.i l contactor chnh v contactor phO. Contactor chnh l contactor chFu t@i, n &1Bc s0 dOng &' &ng, cCt &i n cho t@i nh1 &,ng c4, thiAt bF chiAu sng, thiAt bF nung, van tU, thCng v.v Trong ?ng dOng v3i &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC th contactor chnh l thiAt bF khng th' thiAu.
228
Chu Ch YGc
Cotactor phO chH &1Bc s0 dOng &' tRng thm tiAp &i'm trong m.ch &i$u khi'n. Chnh v thA trong vi c &i$u khi'n v3i PLC th cc contactor phO &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc nh3 (bit Memory) trong ch14ng trnh PLC. Cc b, &Fnh thZi (timer) nh1 &ng m.ch chQm ho>c mE m.ch chQm trong m.ch &i$u khi'n v3i relay v contactor sj khng cJn thiAt trong &i$u khi'n v3i PLC, chng sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc timer t14ng ?ng trong ch14ng trnh PLC. Trong vi c chuy'n &Ki, cc b, t.o ra tn hi u nh1 nt nh)n, cng tCc, cng tCc hnh trnh, c@m biAn v.v thQt s6 cJn thiAt sj &1Bc gi7 l.i. Cn nh7ng tiAp &i'm khng cJn thiAt sj &1Bc x0 l thng qua ch14ng trnh. Vi c th6c hi n chuy'n &Ki tU &i$u khi'n b9ng contactor thnh PLC c th' xem ch14ng 4 (kAt n/i dy PLC v3i ngo.i vi). Ngoi ra cJn ch thm m,t s/ &i'm sau: Cc tiAp &i'm &1Bc n/i song song t14ng ?ng l cc cKng OR trong ch14ng trnh PLC Cc tiAp &i'm &1Bc n/i n/i tiAp t14ng ?ng l cc cKng AND. V$ ph14ng di n an ton trnh s6 c/ do &?t dy th cc nt nh)n mE my ph@i l th1Zng hE (lo.i NO (Normal Opened)). Cc nt nh)n dUng my ph@i l th1Zng &ng (lo.i NC (Normal Closed)). MWi nt nh)n, cng tCc, c@m biAn v.v ty theo nhi m vO c th' n/i v3i m,t ng vo (&i$u ny c nghâ l khng nh)t thiAt m,t b, t.o ra tn hi u nhF phn ph@i n/i v3i m,t ng vo s/). MWi m,t ng ra c;a PLC sj &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n nh1 &n bo, cu,n dy relay, cu,n dy contactor. Tuy nhin cJn ph@i ch &An ph14ng di n an ton v &i n p &i$u khi'n. NAu &i n p cu,n dy relay, &n bo ho>c cu,n dy contactor khc v3i &i n p c;a cc ng ra th bCt bu,c ph@i s0 dOng relay lm thiAt bF trung gian. H &i$u hnh trong PLC hon ton khng biAt &u l tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng &u l tiAp &i'm th1Zng hE m chH biAt ng vo PLC c &i n p (m?c logic 1) hay khng c &i n p (m?c logic 0). Cho nn khi viAt ch14ng trnh cJn &>c bi t ch &An v)n &$ ny (xem l.i kX ch14ng 7 php ton nhF phn). Khi s0 dOng v3i cc l nh S v R trong ch14ng trnh PLC cJn ch cc qui tEc sau: o o o Cc #i/u ki'n lm cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc tch c c (logic 1) #!Ac s[ d)ng v9i l'nh S. Cc #i/u ki'n lm cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc khng tch c c (logic 0) #!Ac s[ d)ng v9i l'nh R. Khi vi8t l'nh S cho m$t #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n th nh7t thi8t (ty theo yu c6u cng ngh') ph>i c m$t l'nh R cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n #.
229
Chu Ch YGc
N8u l'nh S #!Ac vi8t tr!9c l'nh R th k8t qu> thu #!Ac sR l k8t qu> cCa l'nh R n8u c> hai #i/u ki'n cho S v R cng H mGc logic 1 ngh Na l #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc logic 0. N8u l'nh R #!Ac vi8t tr!9c l'nh S th k8t qu> thu #!Ac sR l k8t qu> cCa l'nh S n8u c> hai #i/u ki'n cho S v R cng H mGc logic 1 ngh Na l #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc logic 1. Khi # vi8t ch!:ng trnh v9i l'nh S th khng #!Ac s[ d)ng ti8p #i+m t duy tr (lo@i bB ti8p #i+m t duy tr). Ty theo cng ngh' khi s[ d)ng cc #i/u ki'n cho l'nh R th H tr@ng thi bnh th!Kng cc #i/u ki'n ny ph>i c mGc logic 0.
o o
13.2.1 i,u khi0n thi:t b> b cng su4t ph8n khng S4 &= m.ch &,ng l6c v &i$u khi'n
Hnh 13.1: M@ch #$ng l c cCa thi8t bU #ng t) b.
Hnh 13.2: S: #D m@ch #i/u khi+n bPng contactor thi8t bU #ng t) b
230
Chu Ch YGc
M tB: Ty theo yu cJu m cc tO b cng su)t ph@n khng C1, C2, C3, C4 sj &1Bc &ng vo l13i &i n. C? mWi lJn )n nt nh)n S1 th m,t b, tO b &1Bc &ng vo l13i &i n. D' cCt tO b ra khPi l13i th )n nt nh)n S2. Th6c hi n v3i PLC: Phn tch: Trong m.ch &i$u khi'n s0 dOng 2 nt nh)n S1 v S2, &y l cc nt nh)n cJn thiAt &' &ng v cCt tO b cho nn cJn ph@i gi7 l.i. Nh1 vQy &' th6c hi n &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC ta s0 dOng 2 ng vo s/ &' kAt n/i v3i 2 nt nh)n ny. Trong s4 &= m.ch &i$u khi'n trn g=m c 4 contactor chnh K8, K9, K10, K11. Dy l cc thiAt bF khng th' thiAu v bCt bu,c ph@i gi7 l.i &' &ng cCt tO v3i l13i &i n. D' &i$u khi'n 4 contactor ny ta sj dng 4 ng ra c;a PLC. Ch : 3* ':n giBn v khng lUp lEi nh_ng m tB nh7 trong ch7:ng 7, cc bi t#p ny '7\c sJ dOng vQi CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay. D' &i$u khi'n 4 contactor chnh theo nhi m vO &>t ra cJn &An 7 contactor phO K1A, K2A, K3A, K4A, K5A, K6A, K7A. Cc contactor phO ny l cc thiAt bF hW trB trong &i$u khi'n b9ng contactor v vQy khng cJn thiAt ph@i gi7 l.i. N sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc nh3 trong PLC. D/i v3i m.ch ny, ng1Zi thiAt kA c th' s0 dOng hai cch lQp trnh Cch 1: Chuy'n thnh ch14ng trnh theo nh1 s4 &= &i$u khi'n & trnh by Cch 2: Theo yu cJu cng ngh &>t ra D' r rng, ta sj th6c hi n theo 2 cch Cch 1: theo s: '/ mEch 'i(u khi*n contactor c s`n D' ti n lBi trong qu trnh chuy'n &Ki ta nn lQp m,t b@ng k hi u &' kAt n/i gi7a PLC v cc thiAt bF ngo.i vi cang nh1 cc qui &Ki t14ng ?ng. Khi lQp b@ng k hi u nn ghi ch &Jy &; thng tin &' d\ dng trong qu trnh viAt ch14ng trnh. B@ng k hi u K hiKu S1 S2 Bi8n ng ra K8 K9 Q0.0 Q0.1 Contactor chnh K8, &ng tO b C1 Contactor chnh K9, &ng tO b C2 3<a ch> (PLC) I0.0 I0.1 Ch thch Nt nh)n &ng tO b vo l13i &i n, th1Zng hE Nt nh)n cCt tO b khPi l13i &i n, th1Zng hE
Bi8n ng vo
231
Chu Ch YGc
K10 K11 K1A K2A K3A K4A K5A K6A K7A
Q0.2 Q0.3 M0.1 M0.2 M0.3 M0.4 M0.5 M0.6 M0.7
Contactor chnh K10, &ng tO b C3 Contactor chnh K11, &ng tO b C4 Contactor phO K1A Contactor phO K2A Contactor phO K3A Contactor phO K4A Contactor phO K5A Contactor phO K6A Contactor phO K7A
Bi8n trung gian
KAt n/i dy v3i PLC:
Hnh 13.3: N-i dy cc ngo@i vi v9i ng vo ra PLC khi #i/u khi+n bPng PLC Ch14ng trnh PLC E LAD:
232
Chu Ch YGc
233
Chu Ch YGc
Ch14ng trnh PLC E STL:
234
Chu Ch YGc
Cch 2: Theo yu c6u cng ngh' Theo cch th?c &i$u khi'n &>t ra, c? mWi lJn tc &,ng S1 th m,t contactor chnh &1Bc &ng &i n, tc &,ng S2 th cCt &i n tan b,. MOc &ch c;a vi c thm cc contactor phO l &' tRng thm s/ l1Bng tiAp &i'm. NAu th6c hi n b9ng ch14ng trnh ta c th' &1a tr6c tiAp ra cc ng ra tU Q0.0 &An Q0.3 m khng cJn ph@i qua cc nh3 M0.4 &An M0.7. M0.3 cang c th' lo.i bP, thay thA tr6c tiAp b9ng nt nh)n S2 (I0.1). TU vi c phn tch m.ch &i$u khi'n, ta c th' lm cho ch14ng trnh &1Bc &4n gi@n h4n. Ngoi ra ta thay thA lun m.ch t6 duy tr b9ng m,t khu SR. Ch14ng trnh by giZ r)t &4n gi@n nh1 sau: Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt E LAD:
235
Chu Ch YGc
Ch14ng trnh viAt E STL:
236
Chu Ch YGc
13.2.2 Thi:t b> nghi,n PhJn ny trnh by m,t khu trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n s@n xu)t g/m l vQn chuy'n vQt li u nghi$n. VQt li u nghi$n tU c/i nghi$n sj &1Bc bRng t@i vQn chuy'n vo m,t xe &>t d13i bRng t@i. Qu trnh vQn chuy'n vQt li u & &1Bc nghi$n &1Bc khEi &,ng nAu xe & vo vF tr vQn chuy'n v nt nh)n S1 &1Bc )n. D' &@m b@o an ton th
237
Chu Ch YGc
tr13c tin bRng t@i ph@i ho.t &,ng tr13c 2 giy sau & m3i &ng &i n cho c/i nghi$n. Khi xe &Jy (&1Bc bo bEi c@m biAn cn) th c/i nghi$n ngay lQp t?c bF ngCt &i n. BRng t@i cn tiAp tOc vQn chuy'n cho hAt vQt li u trn bRng t@i xu/ng xe v3i thZi gian l 3 giy. Trong qu trnh ho.t &,ng c th' dUng b9ng nt nh)n S0. S: '/ cng nghK:
v Hnh 13.4: S: #D cng ngh' thi8t bU nghi/n S: '/ mEch 'Sng lLc v 'i(u khi*n bRng contactor:
Hnh 13.5: M@ch #$ng l c v #i/u khi+n bPng contactor cCa thi8t bU nghi/n. Contactor chnh K1 &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 M1 c;a bRng t@i, contactor chnh K2 &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 M2 c;a c/i nghi$n.
238
Chu Ch YGc
Phn tch: Trong m.ch &i$u khi'n s0 dOng cc nt nh)n S0, S1, cng tCc hnh trnh S2, tn hi u bo xe &Jy S3. Dy l cc tn hi u &i$u khi'n khng th' lo.i bP. CJn ph@i c 4 ng vo cho cc tn hi u ny. Ngoi ra cn c tn hi u b@o v qu dng &,ng c4 l F2 v F4 cang cJn &1Bc n/i v3i cc ng vo. M,t &i$u cJn ch l cc nt nh)n, cng tCc hnh trnh, tiAp &i'm b@o v qu dng l cc khu c4 kh cho nn khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc m ph@i s0 dOng l.i (nghâ l gi7 nguyn tnh nguyn th;y c;a n). Nn khi chuy'n thnh ch14ng trnh th vkn &@m b@o ho.t &,ng &ng theo yu cJu cng ngh m s4 &= m.ch &i$u khi'n b9ng contator th' hi n v khng c s6 thay &Ki no v3i cc b, pht tn hi u ny. Cc contactor chnh K1 v K2 cJn ph@i c 2 ng ra &' &i$u khi'n Contactor phO K3A &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t nh3. Cc b, &Fnh thZi K4T &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t timer OFF delay, K5T &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t timer ON delay. B@ng k hi u K hiKu S0 S1 S2 S3 F2 F4 K1 K2 K3A K4T K5T 3<a ch> (PLC) I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 Q0.0 Q0.1 M0.0 T37 T38 Ch thch Nt nh)n dUng, th1Zng &ng (NC) Nt nh)n khEi &,ng h th/ng, th1Zng hE (NO) Cng tCc hnh trnh, bo xe &ng vF tr (NO) Tn hi u bo xe &Jy, th1Zng &ng (NC) TiAp &i'm b@o v qu dng M1, (NC) TiAp &i'm b@o v qu dng M2, (NC) Contactor chnh K1, &i$u khi'n &.c4 nghi$n M1 Contactor chnh K2, &i$u khi'n &.c4 bRng t@i M2 Contactor phO K3A OFF delay timer, &Fnh thZi dUng bRng t@i, 3s ON ddelay timer, &Fnh thZi khEi &,ng M1, 2s
Bi8n ng vo
Bi8n ng ra
Bi8n trung gian B, &Fnh thZi
KAt n/i dy v3i PLC:
239
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 13.6: S: #D n-i dy ngo@i vi v9i ng vo ra cCa PLC Ch14ng trnh PLC E LAD:
240
Chu Ch YGc
Ch14ng trnh PLC E STL:
13.3
i,u khi0n kh nn
Trong kX thuQt &i$u khi'n b9ng kh nn, ng1Zi ta phn bi t cc phJn t0 &i$u khi'n sau: Khu tn hi'u: Pht ra tn hi u khi phJn t0 &i$u khi'n &.t &An m,t gi trF xc &Fnh &/i v3i cc &.i l1Bng vQt l. Khu #i/u khi+n: Ph@n ?ng l.i theo cc tn hi u &4n v c @nh h1Eng &An tr.ng thi c;a khu &i$u chHnh. Khu #i/u chWnh: Di$u khi'n dng nRng l1Bng sinh cng v thay &Ki tr.ng thi c;a cc phJn t0 lm vi c.
NAu th6c hi n thay thA m.ch &i$u khi'n kh nn b9ng ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n PLC, th khu &i$u chHnh &i$u khi'n cho cc phJn t0 lm vi c by giZ &i n tU. D cc van xung &i n tU hay van &i n tU s0 dOng l xo &1Bc s0 dOng, th n cn phO thu,c vo yu cJu cng ngh v an ton. Khi chuy'n &Ki thnh ch14ng trnh PLC th cc khu ny cJn gi7 l.i. Van xung trong kX thuQt &i$u khi'n kh nn c hai ng vo &i$u khi'n v c &>c tnh nh3. Theo cch th?c ho.t &,ng c th' so snh n v3i khu nh3 RS. Vi c chuy'n &Ki thQt s6 &4n gi@n nAu ta thay t)t c@ van xung b9ng khu nh3 RS. Ng vo &i$u khi'n c;a khu &i$u chHnh SET c;a van t14ng ?ng v3i &i$u ki n cho set, v ng vo cn l.i t14ng ?ng v3i reset c;a khu RS. Van xung s0 dOng 2 cu,n dy tU. D' &i$u khi'n, m,t cu,n dy sj s0 dOng ng ra khng &@o c;a khu nh3 RS. Cn cu,n dy th? hai ta s0 dOng ng ra &@o c;a khu nh3 RS. Ty theo yu cJu cng ngh m m.ch &i$u khi'n kh nn &@m nhQn, m ta c th' s0 dOng h13ng &i$u khi'n cho cc van t14ng ?ng. Sau khi t)t c@ & &1Bc xc &Fnh, m.ch &i$u khi'n kh nn c th' &1Bc chuy'n &Ki tr6c tiAp thnh ch14ng trnh E LAD. M,t s/ qui tCc cJn ch :
241
Chu Ch YGc
Khu &i$u chHnh c;a xylanh lm vi c &1Bc thay thA b9ng van &i n tU. T)t c@ cc van xung &1Bc thay thA b9ng khu nh3 RS. Xc &Fnh &1Bc tnh logic c;a m.ch. Chuy'n &Ki m.ch thnh ch14ng trnh PLC.
13.3.1 My u;n thanh kim lo7i Cc thanh kim lo.i cJn &1Bc u/n m,t &Ju theo theo m,t khun cho tr13c (s4 &= cng ngh ). Qui trnh ho.t &,ng c;a my nh1 sau: Thanh kim lo.i cJn u/n &1Bc &>t ln khun u/n qn nt khEi &,ng S0 th xy lanh Cyl.1 h. xu/ng &' gi7 l)y thanh kim lo.i. Khi thanh kim lo.i &1Bc gi7 ch>t (nhQn biAt bEi cng tCc hnh trnh S2) th xy lanh Cyl.2 h. xu/ng &' u/n thanh kim lo.i vung gc tr13c. Sau khi u/n xong th t6 &,ng nng ln nhZ cng tCc hnh trnh S4. Khi xy lanh Cyl.2 trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n (nhQn biAt bEi S3) th xy lanh Cyl.3 &1Bc &[y &' u/n thanh kim lo.i E giai &]an u/n cu/i theo &Fnh hnh c;a khun u/n. Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 &An vF tr S6 th t6 &,ng rt ng1Bc v$. Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 rt v$ &An vF tr c4 b@n (nhQn biAt bEi S5) th xy lanh Cyl.1 cang rt v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a n (nhQn biAt bEi S1). Lc ny thanh kim lo.i &1Bc t6 do. Ng1Zi s0 dOng c th' l)y ra v &>t m,t thanh kim lo.i m3i vo. V m,t chu k` m3i l.i c th' bCt &Ju.
S: '/ cng nghK:
Hnh 13.7: S: #D cng ngh' my u-n thanh kim lo@i
242
Chu Ch YGc
S: '/ mEch 'i(u khi*n bRng kh nn:
Hnh 13.8: S: #D m@ch #i/u khi+n bPng kh nn. Phn tch: TU s4 &= &i$u khi'n b9ng kh nn ta nhQn th)y cc van xung chnh trong m.ch l 1.1, 2.1 v 3.1. Khi chuy'n sang &i$u khi'n b9ng ch14ng trnh nh)t thiAt ta ph@i thay cc van ny b9ng cc van xung &i n tU c &>c tnh nh3. MWi van xung &i n tU c 2 cu,n dy. V vQy cJn ph@i c 2 ng ra s/ &' &i$u khi'n mWi van. TKng c,ng ta cJn c 6 ng ra &' &i$u khi'n 3 van ny. D' th6c hi n &i$u khi'n b9ng ch14ng trnh PLC, cc van xung &1Bc thay thA bEi cc khu RS, cc ng ra c;a cc khu nh3 c th' &1Bc s0 dOng &' &i$u khi'n tr6c tiAp cc van xung &i n tU thay thA Y1, Y3, v Y5 cang nh1 Y2, Y4 v Y6 (s4 &= cngngh ). Hai van xung 0.1 v 0.2 l hai van hW trB trong m.ch &i$u khi'n b9ng kh. Hai van ny khng ph@i l cc van chnh. V vQy khi chuy'n thnh ch14ng trnh n sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc nh3. Van 0.1 l M0.0, v van 0.2 l M0.1. Theo s4 &= m.ch &i$u khi'n, ta c: a1=
M0.0 & M0.1 M0.0
a2 = M0.0 & M0.1 a3=
243
Chu Ch YGc
MWi vF tr c;a cc xy lanh &$u &1Bc xc &Fnh bEi cc cng tCc hnh trnh (CTHT). Xy lanh Cyl.1 nhQn biAt bEi S1 v S2, xy lanh Cyl.2 nhQn biAt bEi S3 v S4, xy lanh Cyl.3 nhQn biAt bEi S5 v S6. Cc cng tCc hnh trnh ny khng th' thiAu trong &i$u khi'n. Ngoi ra &' khEi &,ng cn c nt nh)n S0. Nh1 vQy cJn &An 7 ng vo s/. B@ng k hi u K hiKu 3<a ch> (PLC) Bi8n ng vo S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Bi8n ng ra Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Van 0.1 Van 0.2 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 M0.0 M0.1 Di$u khi'n xy lanh Cyl.1 &' gi7 thanh kim lo.i D1a xy lanh Cyl.1 v$ vF tr c4 b@n Di$u khi'n xy lanh Cyl.2 u/n vung gc D1a xy lanh Cyl.1 v$ vF tr c4 b@n Di$u khi'n xy lanh Cyl.3 u/n theo khun D1a xy lanh Cyl.1 v$ vF tr c4 b@n Van 0.1 Van 0.2 I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng, th1Zng hE CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr c4 b@n xy lanh Cyl.1 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr gi7 thanh kim lo.i c;a xy lanh Cyl.1 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr c4 b@n xy lanh Cyl.2 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr u/n c;a xy lanh Cyl.2 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr c4 b@n xy lanh Cyl.3 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr u/n c;a xy lanh Cyl.3 Ch thch
Bi8n trung gian
KAt n/i dy v3i PLC:
244
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 13.9: S: #D n-i dy ngo@i vi v9i ng vo ra cCa PLC Ch14ng trnh PLC E LAD:
245
Chu Ch YGc
Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt E STL:
13.3.2 My doa miGng ;ng kim lo7i
246
Chu Ch YGc
tng kim lo.i cJn &1Bc doa mi ng theo m,t khun cho tr13c (s4 &= cng ngh ). My ho.t &,ng nh1 sau: Ng1Zi vQn hnh &>t /ng kim lo.i cJn doa mi ng vo vF tr sao cho mi ng /ng ph@i ch.m vo c0 ch>n mi ng /ng. Sau & )n nt nh)n S0, xy lanh Cyl.1 sj ksp /ng l.i. khi /ng & &1Bc ksp th c0 ch>n mi ng /ng t6 &,ng rt v$. Xy lanh Cyl.2 sj h. xu/ng doa mi ng /ng theo khun A. thZi gian doa khPang 3s. Sau & xy lanh Cyl.2 rt v$ v khun B &1Bc xylanh Cyl.4 &1a vo. Sau khi khun B &1Bc &1a vo th xy lanh Cyl.2 h. xu/ng &' doa mi ng /ng theo khun B. T14ng t6 nh1 khun A vi c doa kho@ng 3s. Sau & xy lanh Cyl.2 trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a n v xy lanh Cyl.4 cang rt khun B v$ v &>t khun A v$ vF tr sSn sng cho /ng kim lo.i kA tiAp. Sau khi mi ng /ng & &1Bc doa theo khun B xong th xy lanh ksp /ng Cyl.1 co v$ th@ /ng kim lo.i khPi hm ksp. Xy lanh Cyl.2 &1Bc &[y trE v$ vF tr ch>n mi ng /ng. M,t chu k` m3i l.i c th' bCt &Ju. S6 /A cng nghG:
Hnh 13.10: S: #D cng ngh' my doa mi'g -ng kim lo@i. S6 /A m7ch /i,u khi0n kh nn:
247
2.1 4.3 1.0 3.2 2.0 3.3 4.2 3.0 3.4 4.0
Chu Ch YGc
2.02
3.02
1.1
2.1
3.6
3.1
4.1
3.2
3.5
4.2
4.3
3.7 a1 a2 a3 a4 0.3 0.5 3.3 0.2 3.4
0.4 0.1
1.2
KhEi &,ng
Hnh 13.11: M@ch #i/u khi+n bPng kh nn my doa mi'ng -ng kim lo@i. Phn tch: TU s4 &= &i$u khi'n b9ng kh nn ta nhQn th)y cc van xung chnh trong m.ch l 1.1, 3.1 v 4.1 sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc van xung &i n tU, v trong ch14ng trnh PLC sj s0 dOng cc khau RS. D' &i$u khi'n cc van ny ta cJn 2 ng ra Van 2.1 trong s4 &= &1Bc thay thA b9ng van &i n tU c l xo h=i phOc vF tr. D' &i$u khi'n van ny ta dng m,t ng ra. Ba van xung 0.1, 0.2 v 0.3 l cc van hW trB trong m.ch &i$u khi'n b9ng kh. N &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc nh3. Van 0.1 l M0.0, van 0.2 l M0.1, v van 0.3 l M0.2. Theo s4 &= &i$u khi'n th: a1 = a2 =
M0.0 & M0.1 & M0.2 M0.0 & M0.1 & M0.2 M0.0
a3 = M0.0 & M0.1 a4 =
248
Chu Ch YGc
Khu &i$u chHnh tr\ 3.5 &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t timer. Theo s4 &= cng ngh ta cJn &An 6 CTHT v m,t nt nh)n khEi &,ng tU S0 &An S6 . Nh1 vQy cJn &An 7 ng vo s/. B@ng k hi u K hiKu S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Bi8n ng ra Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Van 0.1 Van 0.2 Van 0.3 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 M0.0 M0.1 M0.1 D[y xy lanh Cyl.1 Rt xy lanh Cyl.1 v$ Rt xy lanh Cyl.2 v$ D[y xy lanh Cyl.3 Rt xy lanh Cyl.3 v$ D[y xy lanh Cyl.4 Rt xy lanh Cyl.4 v$ Van 0.1 Van 0.2 Van 0.3 3<a ch> (PLC) I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 Ch thch Nt nh)n khEi &,ng, th1Zng hE CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr c4 b@n xy lanh Cyl.1 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr gi7 /ng kim lo.i c;a xy lanh Cyl.1 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr rt v$ c;a xy lanh Cyl.2 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr rt v$ c;a xy lanh Cyl.3 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr doa c;a xy lanh Cyl.3 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr &[y c;a xy lanh Cyl.4
Bi8n ng vo
Bi8n trung gian
B, &Fnh thZi Delay T37 3.5 KAt n/i dy v3i PLC:
ON delay timer, &Fnh thZi doa, 3s
249
Chu Ch YGc
Hnh 13.12: S: #D n-i dy ngo@i vi v9i ng vo ra cCa PLC Ch14ng trnh viAt E LAD:
250
Chu Ch YGc
Ch14ng trnh viAt E STL:
251
Chu Ch YGc
252
Chu Ch YGc
13.4
BT 13.1
Cu hì v bi t2p
i,u khi0n l nhiGt bEng nt nh4n
Hai l nhi t cJn &i$u khi'n b9ng m,t nt nh)n. m lJn nh)n &Ju tin, th l nhin th? nh)t ho.t &,ng. m lJn nh)n th? hai th l nhi t th? hai &1Bc &1a vo ho.t &,ng. V E lJn nh)n th? ba th c@ hai l nhi t cng tCt. Cc l nhi t &1Bc cung c)p &i n thng qua cc contactor K11 v K12. Ngoi ra cc &n tn hi u H11 v H12 dng &' bo l nhi t t14ng ?ng &ang ho.t &,ng. M7ch /i,u khi0n:
253
Chu Ch YGc
Hy chuy'n sang &i$u khi'n s0 dOng PLC theo cc yu cJu sau: 1. ThiAt lQp b@ng k hi u. 2. Vj s4 &= kAt n/i dy v3i PLC 3. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n theo hai cch: a. S4 &= kAt n/i dy c?ng b. Theo yu cJu cng ngh BT 13.2 i,u khi0n /n qu8ng co Dn qu@ng co cJn &1Bc &i$u khi'n nh1 sau: Dng cng tCc S1. Sau 10s &n E1 sng Sau 20s &n E2 sng Sau 30s &n E3 sng Sau 40s t)t c@ cc &n &$u tCt Sau & bCt &Ju t6 &,ng l.i chu k` m3i Hy chuy'n sang &i$u khi'n s0 dOng PLC theo cc yu cJu sau: 1. ThiAt lQp b@ng k hi u. 2. Vj s4 &= kAt n/i dy v3i PLC 3. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n theo hai cch: a. S4 &= kAt n/i dy c?ng b. Theo yu cJu cng ngh S: '/ mEch 'Sng lLc:
254
Chu Ch YGc
S: '/ mEch 'i(u khi*n:

L1 S1 K7T K1 K4T K5T
K2
K6T K4T K1 K5T K2 K6T K3 K7T
BT 13.3 My khoan M,t mku gW cJn &1Bc khoan m,t lW E gi7a. S4 &= cng ngh &' khoan mku gW &1Bc cho nh1 hnh vj. S: '/ cng nghK:
255
Chu Ch YGc
S: '/ 'i(u khi*n bRng kh nn:

2.2 3.2 1.0 2.3 1.3 2.0 3.0 1.4 3.3
1.02
1.01
2.02
1.1
2.1
3.1 4.1
4.0
1.3
2.2
3.2
a1 a2 a3 2.3 0.2 1.1.0 3.3 1.4 0.3
1.2 START 0.1
Hy chuy'n sang &i$u khi'n s0 dOng PLC theo cc yu cJu sau: 1. ThiAt lQp b@ng k hi u. 2. Vj s4 &= kAt n/i dy v3i PLC 3. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n theo hai cch: a. S4 &= kAt n/i dy c?ng b. Theo yu cJu cng ngh
256
Chu Ch YGc
14 Cc php ton c: b>n trong #i/u khi+n s-
14
Cc php ton c6 b8n trong /i,u khi0n s;
Cc h th/ng &i$u khi'n logic trong th6c tA x0 l v3i cc d7 li u nhF phn. D>c &i'm c;a cc my tnh &i$u khi'n hi n nay l x0 l d7 li u, ch)t l1Bng &i$u khi'n, v.v... ngy cng tRng v3i b, x0 l d7 li u s/ s0 dOng PLC. Cc biAn qu trnh s/ c th' &1Bc tm th)y trong t)t c@ l^nh v6c c;a &i$u vng hE nh1 trong cc thiAt bF &1Bc kAt n/i cho ho.t &,ng qu trnh v gim st ho>c trong &i$u khi'n c;a cc thiAt bF tr1Zng. MOc &ch c;a gim st qu trnh l cung c)p thng tin v$ my mc ho>c h th/ng ho.t &,ng nhanh chng, ngCn g]n v r rng theo tUng pht, cang nh1 s6 &ng lc &' can thi p, &i$u khi'n v tc &,ng &An qu trnh. Trong hJu hAt cc &i$u khi'n &4n gi@n tr13c &y, cc thiAt bF vo ra nh1 mn hi'n thF 7-&o.n v cc nt nh)n xoay s/ &1Bc s0 dOng &' hi'n thF v nhQp gi trF s/. Ngy nay cc thiAt bF thao tc v gim st thng minh th1Zng &1Bc kAt n/i v3i PLC. Ngy nay cc thiAt bF x0 l, thu thQp d7 li u v &i$u khi'n qu trnh &1Bc cung c)p tr6c tiAp v3i cc biAn s/ thng qua h th/ng bus tr1Zng. Vi c kAt n/i cc thiAt bF tr1Zng, nh1 biAn tJn hay h th/ng cn, s0 dOng cc module vo ra analog cng ngy cng khng &1Bc s0 dOng n7a. Tu` thu,c vo ki'u thiAt bF &1Bc kAt n/i, nhi$u d.ng s/ khc nhau &' m ha d7 li u &1Bc s0 dOng &' truy$n d7 li u gi7a thiAt bF v PLC, cang nh1 &' l1u tr7 v x0 l d7 li u trong PLC.
14.1
Cc d7ng s; trong PLC
14.1.1 Ki0u d< liGu Integer (INT)

Gi trF ki'u d7 li u Integer hon ton l gi trF s/ khng c d)u ch)m thQp phn. S7-200 l1u tr7 gi trF d7 li u ki'u Integer c d)u E m 16 bit. Ph.m vi c;a s/ integer l -32768 &An +32767. STEP 7 s0 dOng d.ng hi'n thF Decimal (khng ph@i BCD) &' xc &Fnh cc h9ng s/ c;a ki'u d7 li u Integer. N cang &1Bc m t@ E d.ng c d)u v khng d)u. Theo nguyn l th c th' s0 dOng cc gi trF integer h9ng s/ bi'u
257
Chu Ch YGc
di\n E d.ng Binary v Hexadecimal, nh1ng v khng r rng, nn chng khng cn ph hBp n7a. V l do ny, c php c;a STEP7 chH cung c)p gi trF c;a integer bi'u di\n E decimal. V d): Bi'u di\n s/ +662 v -662
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: + 662
D4u cJa s; d#6ng
BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
+29 2
7
HEX:
16 #0 2 9 6
6 x 160 = 6 9 x 161 = 144 2 = 512 2 x 16 662
Khng d)u +24 +22 1 +2 + 662
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
DEC: - 662
D4u cJa s; m Bi0u dihn N s; b hai
BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
HEX:
16# F D 6 A
Khng d)u
Hnh 14.1: Bi+u di`n s- integer Trong h th/ng my tnh s/, t)t c@ cc gi trF &1Bc l1u tr7 E d.ng m binary. ChH cc s/ 0 v 1 &1Bc s0 dOng trong h th/ng s/ nhF phn. C4 s/ 2 c;a h th/ng s/ ny l kAt qu@ tU s/ c;a cc s/ c gi trF. Gi trF c;a mWi vF tr c;a s/ nhF phn l kAt qu@ c;a lay thUa c;a c4 s/ 2. N &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng 2#.... . Gi trF s/ m l s6 bi'u di\n cc s/ nhF phn E d.ng b hai. Trong d.ng bi'u di\n ny, bit c tr]ng s/ l3n nh)t (most significant bit) (bit s/ 15 cho ki'u d7 li u Integer) c gi trF - 215. V gi trF ny l3n h4n tKng c;a t)t c@ cc gi trF cn l.i, nn bit ny &1Bc lm bit thng tin d)u. NAu bit = 0, th gi trF d14ng; nAu bit = 1, th gi trF l m. Vi c chuy'n &Ki gi7a cc s/ nhF phn thnh s/ decimal &1Bc th6c hi n b9ng cch c,ng cc gi trF c;a cc vF tr c bit = 1. (xem v dO). H th/ng s/ hexadecimal cung c)p 16 ch7 s/ khc nhau (0 &An 9 v A &An F). Dy l h th/ng s/ theo c4 s/ 16. Do &, gi trF mWi vF tr c;a s/ hexadecimal c kAt qu@ tU lay thUa c;a c4 s/ 16. Cc s/ Hexadecimal &1Bc xc &Fnh v3i d.ng 16#. Cc ch7 s/ A &An F bi'u di\n theo gi trF s/ decimal 10 &An 15. Gi trF 15 l gi trF cu/i cng c th' &1Bc m ha nhF phn c;a 4 bit khng d)u. 4 bit nhF phn t.o thnh m,t s/ c;a s/ hexadecimal. H9ng s/ trong d.ng s/ Hexadecimal khng &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc gi trF s/ integer.
14.1.2 Ki0u d< liGu Double Integer (DINT)

S7-200 l1u gi trF ki'u d7 li u Double Integer v3i m 32 bit c d)u. Ph.m vi gi trF ki'u double Integer tU -2147483648 &An +2147483647.
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Chu Ch YGc
S7-200 s0 dOng s/ decimal (khng ph@i BCD) &' xc &Fnh m,t h9ng s/ ki'u d7 li u Double Integer. V d): Bi'u di\n s/ +540809 v 540809
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: +540809
D4u c Ja s ; d#6ng
BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
HEX:
(khng d)u)
16#
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
DEC: - 540809
D4u c Ja s ; m Bi0u dihn N s; b hai
BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
HEX:
(khng d)u)
16#
B F
Hnh 14.2: Bi+u di`n s- double integer
14.1.3 Ki0u d< liGu s; thDc (REAL)

Cc ki'u d7 li u INT v DINT &1Bc m t@ tr13c &1Bc s0 dOng &' l1u ton b, cc gi trF s/ c d)u. Do &, chH c cc php ton &1Bc cung c)p cc gi trF s/ nguyn m3i c th' th6c hi n &1Bc. Trong tr1Zng hBp cc biAn l analog nh1 &i n p, dng &i n, v nhi t &, th cc gi trF th6c trE nn cJn thiAt. D' trnh di\n cc gi trF thQp phn, cc s/ nhF phn ph@i &1Bc &Fnh nghâ l gi trF c;a n nhP h4n 1 (lay thUa c;a c4 s/ 2 v3i s/ ma m). D' bi'u di\n s/ th6c S7-200 s0 dOng double word (32 bit).Trong m nhF phn c;a s/ th6c, m,t phJn c;a cc ch7 s/ nhF phn s0 dOng cho phJn thQp phn, phJn cn l.i l &' bi'u di\n s/ ma v d)u c;a s/ th6c. Ph.m vi bi'u di\n c;a s/ th6c tU -1.17549510-38 &An 3.40282310+38 Khi s0 dOng cc gi trF c;a s/ th6c, ta khng cJn ph@i xc &Fnh &Fnh d.ng c;a n. Khi nhQp vo m,t h9ng s/ l s/ th6c th ta bCt bu,c ph@i nhQp c thnh phJn thQp phn cho d phJn thQp l s/ 0, v dO 20.0. S/ th6c &1Bc s0 dOng &' x0 l gi trF analog. Nu &i'm l3n c;a s/ th6c l cc php ton &1Bc s0 dOng v3i n. Cc php ton ny bao g=m: c,ng, trU, nhn, chia cang nh1 cc l nh sin, cos, exp, ln, v.v..., &1Bc s0 dOng chnh trong cc thuQt gi@i &i$u khi'n vng kn (closed-loop control algorithms). D@ng tZng qut cCa s- Real = (d7u) (1.f) (2e-127) v9i f: ph6n th1p phn. V d): Bi'u di\n s/ 0.75
259
14 Cc php ton c: b>n trong #i/u khi+n sD)u c;a s/ Real

31 30 29
Chu Ch YGc
e = Exponent (8 Bit)
28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15
f = Mantissa (23 Bit)

14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 ..... S/ Real = +1.5 * 2 126-127 = 0.75 2-23
Hnh 14.2: Bi+u di`n s- real
14.1.4 Ki0u d< liGu s; BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)

Tr13c &y, &' li t k v m t@ cc s/ nguyn &1Bc th6c hi n &4n gi@n v3i cc nt nh)n s/ d.ng xoay vng v b, chH thF s/. Cc nt nh)n s/ v hi'n thF s/ ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc module vo v ra s/ c;a PLC. MWi ch7 s/ c;a s/ decimal &1Bc m ha E b/n bit. V ch7 s/ cao nh)t c;a decimmal l 9 nn b/n bit &1Bc s0 dOng v c m nhF phn t14ng ?ng cho cc ch7 s/ decimal nh1 sau: S- Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 BCD Code 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 S- Decimal 6 7 8 9 10 ... 15 BCD Code 0110 0111 1000 1001 khng c
D' cc s/ m cang c th' &1Bc xc &Fnh b9ng nt nh)n s/ xoay vng m BCD, th S7-200 m ha d)u trong bit c tr]ng s/ cao nh)t (most significant bit). Bit d)u = 0 &' chH s/ d14ng. Bit d)u = 1 chH thF s/ m. S7-200 ch)p nhQn cc s/ BCD m 16-bit (d)u + 3 digits) v m 32-bit (d)u + 7 digits). Ph.m vi bi'u di\n c;a s/ BCD 16 bit tU - 999 &An + 999, ph.m vi bi'u di\n c;a s/ BCD 32 bit tU -9999999 &An + 9999999. Khng c &Fnh d.ng d7 li u cho vi c xc &Fnh cc gi trF theo m BCD trong S7-200. Tuy nhin ta c th' xc &Fnh s/ decimal v3i m BCD &1Bc cho E s/ HEX. M nhF phn c;a s/ HEX v s/ decimal m BCD th gi/ng nhau. V d): Bi'u di\n s/ 662 E BCD 16 bit v BCD 32 bit
260
Chu Ch YGc
16 Bit:
14 Cc php ton c: b>n trong #i/u khi+n sBIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

Sign (+) 2 2 2 9 9 9 6 6 6
HEX:
Sign (+) 0 0
16#
0
0 0
DEC: + 662
32 Bit: BIN.: 2# 0 x x x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
HEX: 16#
0 0 0 0 2 9 6
DEC: + 662
Hnh 14.4: Bi+u di`n s- BCD 16 bit v BCD 32 bit
14.2 Ch"c nang sao chp

V3i ch?c nRng sao chp, n,i dung c;a m,t vng ny sj &1Bc sao chp &An m,t vng khc trong b, nh3. Vi c trao &Ki hay sao chp n,i dung c th' th6c hi n v3i m,t byte, m,t word, m,t double word hay m,t gi trF s/ ho>c m,t m@ng l3n d7 li u tU vng ny sang vng khc trong b, nh3.
14.2.1 Cc lGnh sao chp, trao /(i n1i dung

D' sao chp cc d7 li u ki'u byte, word, double word k' c@ s/ th6c (real) tU n4i ny &An n4i khc ta s0 dOng l nh Move. Trong m,t s/ tr1Zng hBp cJn tro &Ki n,i dung c;a m,t byte (byte th)p v byte cao) trong m,t word ta s0 dOng l nh Swap. C php c;a cc l nh E STL nh1 sau:
LKnh MOVB IN,OUT: L nh Move Byte (MOVB) th6c hi n sao chp n,i dung c;a byte IN sang byte OUT. LKnh MOVW IN,OUT: L nh Move Word (MOVW) th6c hi n sao chp n,i dung c;a word IN sang word OUT LKnh MOVD IN,OUT: L nh Move Double Word (MOVD) th6c hi n sao chp n,i dung c;a double word IN sang double word OUT. LKnh MOVR IN,OUT: L nh Move Real (MOVR) th6c hi n sao chp n,i dung c;a m,t s/ th6c IN sang s/ th6c OUT. LKnh SWAP IN: L nh Swap Byte (Swap) th6c hi n tro &Ki n,i dung c;a byte th)p v byte cao trong word IN. V3i: * X: C th' l B (Byte), W (Word), D (Double word) ho>c R(Real). * IN: D7 li u cJn sao chp, c th' l byte, word, double word ho>c real ty theo X l B, W, D hay R.
C php c;a cc l nh MOVE E LAD v FBD c c)u trc chung nh1 sau:
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Chu Ch YGc
* OUT: VF tr c;a n4i cJn sao chp &An, c th' l byte, word, double word ho>c real ty theo X l B, W, D hay R. * EN: L ng vo bit. Cho php th6c hi n l nh &1Bc viAt E LAD ho>c FBD. Tr1Zng hBp khng cJn thiAt c &i$u ki n E ng vo EN th ph@i s0 dOng SM0.0. * ENO: Ng ra bit. Cho php kAt n/i song song ho>c n/i tiAp v3i cc h,p khc. NAu php ton x0 l khng c lWi th EN=ENO. D' l)y l nh MOV E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc E bi'u t1Bng l nh cJn l)y l: : sao chp Byte : sao chp Word : sao chp double Word : sao chp s/ th6c
gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0, Byte c n,i dung cJn sao chp &>t E ng IN v byte ch?a &6ng thng tin sao chp ch?a E OUT. V d): Copy nh3 s/ th6c E VD50 vo nh3 s/ th6c VD60 khi M1.0 tch c6c. Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt nh1 sau: LAD: LD STL: M1.0 MOVR VD50, VD60
* C php dng lKnh SWAP trong LAD nh7 sau: LAD IN Ton h7ng (Word): VW, IW, QW, MW, SW, SMW, T, C, LW, AC, *VD, *AC, *LD
D' l)y l nh SWAP E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y l: , gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit
262
Chu Ch YGc
nh3 SM0.0, word cJn tro &Ki n,i dung gi7a byte th)p v byte cao &>t E ng IN. V d): nh3 VW40 c gi trF &1Bc bi'u di\n E s/ Hex l CAFE. Gi trF ny sj &1Bc &@o l.i thnh FECA khi ng vo I2.0 &1Bc kch h]at. Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt nh1 sau: LAD: LD STL: I2.0 SWAP VW40
14.2.2 Cc lGnh sao chp m1t m8ng lIn d< liGu

D' sao chp m,t m@ng l3n d7 li u tU n4i ny &An n4i khc ta s0 dOng l nh Block Move. L nh sao chp m,t m@ng l3n cho php th6c hi n v3i Byte, Word v Double Word. C php c;a cc l nh E STL nh1 sau: * LKnh BMB IN,OUT,N: L nh Block Move Byte (BMB) sao chp n,i dung c;a m,t m@ng Byte. S/ l1Bng byte &1Bc sao chp xc &Fnh bEi N c ki'u byte. Do & c th' sao chp t/i &a l 255 byte. Byte &Ju tin c;a m@ng &1Bc xc &Fnh E ng IN (ki'u byte). N4i &An &1Bc xc &Fnh v3i byte &Ju tin c;a m@ng E ng OUT. * LKnh BMW IN,OUT,N: T14ng t6 nh1 l nh BMB, l nh Block Move Word (BMW) sao chp n,i dung c;a m,t m@ng word. S/ l1Bng word &1Bc sao chp xc &Fnh bEi N c ki'u byte. Do & c th' sao chp t/i &a l 255 word. Word &Ju tin c;a m@ng &1Bc xc &Fnh E ng IN (ki'u word). N4i &An &1Bc xc &Fnh v3i word &Ju tin c;a m@ng E ng OUT. * LKnh BMD IN,OUT,N: T14ng t6 nh1 l nh BMB, l nh Block Move Double Word (BMD) sao chp n,i dung c;a m,t m@ng Double Word. S/ l1Bng Double word &1Bc sao chp xc &Fnh bEi N c ki'u byte. Do & c th' sao chp t/i &a l 255 Double word. Double Word &Ju tin c;a m@ng &1Bc xc &Fnh E ng IN (ki'u Double word). N4i &An &1Bc xc &Fnh v3i Double word &Ju tin c;a m@ng E ng OUT. C php c;a cc l nh E LAD v FBD c c)u trc tKng qut nh1 sau:
263
Chu Ch YGc
V3i: * X: C th' l B (Byte), W (Word), D (Double word). * IN: VF tr &Ju tin c;a m@ng d7 li u cJn sao chp, c th' l Byte, Word ho>c double Word ty theo X. * OUT: VF tr &Ju tin c;a m@ng d7 li u cJn l1u tr7 thng tin sao chp. c th' l Byte, Word ho>c double Word ty theo X. * N: S/ l1Bng Byte, Word, Double word &1Bc sao chp, c gi trF tU 0 &An 255.
* EN, ENO: t14ng t6 nh1 E l nh MOVE. D' l)y l nh BLKMOV E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong (+) E bi'u t1Bng (sao chp m@ng Byte), (sao cc l nh cJn l)y l: chp m@ng Word), (sao chp m@ng double Word ), gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0; Byte, word ho>c double word (ty theo l nh) &Ju tin c;a m@ng cJn sao chp &>t E ng IN v s/ l1Bng t14ng ?ng &1Bc &>t vo chn N. V d): Khi kch ho.t I1.0 th n,i dung c;a m,t m@ng g=m 4 byte bCt &Ju tU Byte VB10 sj &1Bc copy sang vng nh3 g=m c 4 byte khc c byte &Ju tin l VB100. Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt nh1 d13i &y: LAD: FBD:
LD BMB
STL:
I1.0 VB10, VB100, 4
Gi@ thiAt n,i dung c;a m@ng cJn sao chp l: Byte N,i dung VB10 20 VB11 21 VB12 22 VB13 23
KAt qu@ thu d1Bc sau l nh: BMB Byte N,i dung VB100 20
VB10, VB100, 4 l: VB101 21 VB102 22 VB103 23
14.3
Php ton so snh
V3i ch?c nRng so snh, gi trF c;a hai ton h.ng c;a cng ki'u d7 li u sj &1Bc so snh v3i nhau. KAt qu@ c;a so snh l m,t gi trF logic, nAu &ng theo ch?c nRng so snh th kAt qu@ logic l 1, cn nAu sai kAt qu@ logic l
264
Chu Ch YGc
0. Ty thu,c vo lo.i CPU c;a h] S7-200 m c th' c t ho>c nhi$u ch?c nRng so snh.Cc ch?c nRng so snh &/i CPU 22x c th' l: Ton h@ng 1 (IN1) D< liGu c th0 l: Byte, Int,DInt, Real ChGc n\ng so snh > : LIn h6n >= : LIn h6n hoKc bEng == : BEng nhau <> : Khng bEng nhau (khc nhau) <= : B h6n hoKc bEng < : B h6n Ton h@ng 2 (IN2) D< liGu c th0 l: Byte, Int,DInt, Real
Khi so snh gi trF Byte (B) th khng cJn ph@i &' &An d)u c;a ton h.ng, ng1Bc l.i khi so snh l cc s/ Int (I), Dint (D), Real (R) th ph@i ch &An d)u c;a tan h.ng. C php tKng qut cho php tan so snh E LAD l: V3i: X: l php so snh. N c th' l: + So snh byte: >B, >=B, ==B, <>B, <B, <=B + So snh s/ Int: >I, >=I, ==I, <>I, <I, <=I + So snh s/ Dint: >D, >=D, ==D, <>D, <D, <=D + So snh s/ Real: >R, >=R, ==R, <>R, <R, <=R + n1: Gi trF cJn &1Bc so snh (gi trF ch1a biAt). + n2: Gi trF so snh (gi trF & biAt). D/i v3i ngn ng7 LAD v FBD, khi kAt qu@ so snh l &ng, th l nh so snh sj &>t tiAp &i'm (LAD) ho>c ng ra (FBD) E tr.ng thi ON. D/i v3i ngn ng7 STL, khi kAt qu@ so snh l &ng th l nh so snh Load, AND, ho>c OR gi trF 1 v3i gi trF E &Hnh c;a ngRn xAp. D' l)y cc lKnh so snh E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y, gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp gi trF ch1a biAt theo l nh cJn so snh (byte, word, double word) vo vF tr cc d)u ch)m hPi n9m trn l nh. NhQp gi trF & biAt (th1Zng l cc con s/) ho>c gi trF &1Bc ch?a trong cc nh3 byte, word, double word vo vF tr cc d)u ch)m hPi n9m d13i l nh. V dO 14.2: Gi9i h@n gi trU. ViAt m,t ch14ng trnh th6c hi n nhi m vO sau: NAu gi trF E MW20 n9m trong ph.m vi (50;500) th sj cho php xu)t gi trF ra E ng ra MW22. NAu gi trF E MW20 l3n h4n gi trF 500 th ng ra s/ MW22 l gi trF 500 v &n bo gi trF max sng. NAu gi trF E MW20 nhP h4n gi trF 50 th ng ra s/ MW22 l gi trF 50 v &n bo gi trF min sng. Ch cc ng vo ra s/ l Int. GiBi:
265
Chu Ch YGc
B>ng k hi'u K hiKu GT_sosanh GT_dung Bao_max Bao_min
3<a ch> MW20 MW22 Q0.0 Q0.1
Ch thch Gi trF s/ cJn biAt c v1Bt ngoi ph.m vi (50;500) Gi trF n9m trong ph.m vi cho php Dn bo gi trF l3n h4n 500 Dn bo gi trF nhP h4n 50
Ch7:ng trnh: LAD

LDW< LDW< AW>
STL
Network 1 Kiem tra gia tri vao MW20, 50 MW20, 500
MOVW MW20, MW22
Network 2 Bao vuot qua gia tri 500 LDW>= MW20, 500 = MOVW Q0.0 500, MW22
Network 3 Bao nho hon gia tri 50 LDW<= MW20, 50 = MOVW Q0.1 50, MW22
14.4
Php ton s; hic
m nhi$u nhi m vO &Am nh1 &Am s@n ph[m, &Am s/ vng quay, &Am xung .v.v... th kAt qu@ &Am ph@i &1Bc gim st. Bn c.nh cc php tan so snh & biAt cJn ph@i c thm cc php ton s/ h]c nh1 c,ng, trU, nhn, chia. Cn cc php ton khc nh1 sin, cos, tan, PID .... sj &1Bc kh@o st E t1p 2 c;a b, sch k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC SIMATIC S7-200.
14.4.1. C1ng v trd

Cc php tan c,ng v trU c th' th6c hi n &1Bc &/i v3i cc s/ Integer (16 bit), Double integer (32 bit) v s/ th6c (32 bit). Ty thu,c vo php tan l c,ng ho>c trU d.ng s/ no m kAt qu@ thu &1Bc sj E d.ng s/ &.
266
Chu Ch YGc
Khi c lWi do trn ho>c gi trF khng hBp l th bit SM1.1 &1Bc set ln m?c logic 1. C php l nh bi'u di\n cho php ton c,ng v trU nh1 sau: Php ton cSng Bi'u di\n E LAD:
ADD_x
Php ton tr8 Bi'u di\n E LAD:

SUB_x
Th c hi'n: IN1 + IN2 = OUT Bi'u di\n E STL: +I IN1, OUT +D IN1, OUT +R IN1, OUT Th c hi'n: IN1 + OUT = OUT
Th c hi'n: IN1 - IN2 = OUT Bi'u di\n E STL: -I IN1, OUT -D IN1, OUT -R IN1, OUT Th c hi'n: OUT IN1 = OUT
Ch thch * x: c th' l I (Integer), DI (Double integer), R(Real). * EN = 1: cho php c,ng ho>c trU. * ENO = 0: khi c lWi. * IN1, IN2, OUT: cc ng vo ra d.ng s/ c cng ki'u d7 li u v3i x.
D' l)y l nh cSng hoUc tr8 s, nguyn E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & (c,ng s/ Integer), trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y l: ( c,ng s/ DInt), ( trU s/ Integer), ho>c ( trU s/ DInt), gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn c;a php ton t14ng ?ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT. D' l)y l nh cSng hoUc tr8 s, thLc (real) E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y l: (c,ng s/ real), ( trU s/ real), gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn c;a php ton t14ng ?ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT.
14.4.2. Nhn v chia

Cc php tan nhn v chia c th' th6c hi n &1Bc &/i v3i cc s/ Integer (16 bit), Double integer (32 bit) v s/ th6c (32 bit). Ty thu,c vo php tan l nhn ho>c chia d.ng s/ no m kAt qu@ thu &1Bc sj E d.ng s/ &.
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Chu Ch YGc
Khi c lWi do trn ho>c gi trF khng hBp l th bit SM1.1 &1Bc set ln m?c logic 1. NAu kAt qu@ l zero th SM1.0 =1, kAt qu@ m th SM1.2 =1, v SM1.3 =1 nAu chia cho 0. C php l nh bi'u di\n cho php ton nhn v chia nh1 sau: Php ton nhn Bi'u di\n E LAD:
MUL_x
Php ton chia Bi'u di\n E LAD:

DIV_x
Th c hi'n: IN1 * IN2 = OUT Bi'u di\n E STL: *I IN1, OUT *D IN1, OUT *R IN1, OUT Th c hi'n: IN1 * OUT = OUT
Th c hi'n: IN1 / IN2 = OUT Bi'u di\n E STL: /I IN1, OUT /D IN1, OUT /R IN1, OUT Th c hi'n: OUT / IN1 = OUT
Ch thch * x: c th' l I (Integer), DI (Double integer), R(Real). * EN = 1: cho php nhn ho>c chia. * ENO = 0: khi c lWi. * IN1, IN2, OUT: cc ng vo ra d.ng s/ c cng ki'u d7 li u v3i x.
D' l)y l nh nhn hoUc chia s, nguyn E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & (nhn s/ Integer), trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y l: ( nhn s/ DInt), ( chia s/ Integer), ho>c ( chia s/ DInt), gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn c;a php ton t14ng ?ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT. D' l)y l nh nhn hoUc chia s, thLc (real) E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y l: (nhn s/ real), ( chia s/ real), gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn c;a php ton t14ng ?ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT.
14.4.3. V d% php ton s; hic

V dO 14.3: 3Mm sBn phZm S@n ph[m trn m,t bRng t@i &1Bc nhQn biAt bEi c@m biAn S1. TKng s/ l1Bng s@n ph[m &Am &1Bc ch?a trong MD20. C? 10 s@n ph[m sj &1Bc &ng thnh m,t thng v s/ l1Bng thng &1Bc ch?a trong MD24. S/ l1Bng s@n ph[m c th' bF xa b9ng nt nh)n S2.
268
Chu Ch YGc
GiBi B>ng k hi'u K hiKu 3<a ch> S1 S2 So_SP So_Thung I0.0 I0.1 MD20 MD24 Ch thch C@m biAn nhQn biAt s@n ph[m Nt nh)n xa s/ l1Bng s@n ph[m Gi trF s@n ph[m &Am &1Bc S/ l1Bng thng
Ch7:ng trnh: LAD

LDW< EU MOVD 0, MD20 LD
STL
Network 1 Xoa so luong san pham I0.1
Network 2 Dem so luong san pham LD EU +D 1, MD20 I0.0
Network 3 So luong thung LD SM0.0
MOVD MD20, MD24 /D 10, MD24
14.5
Tang v gi8m thanh ghi
TRng v gi@m l m,t hnh th?c khc c;a qu trnh &Am. L nh tRng ho>c gi@m c,ng 1 v3i ng vo ho>c l)y ng vo trU 1 v kAt qu@ &1Bc &1a ra ng ra. L nh tRng ho>c gi@m th6c hi n &1Bc v3i byte, word v double word. Bi'u di\n tKng qut E LAD:
xxx_y
v3i xxx_y c th' l: INC_B (tRng byte), INC_W (tRng word), INC_DW (tRng double word). DEC_B (gi@m byte), DEC_W (gi@m word), DEC_DW (gi@m double word).
nghâ:
269
Chu Ch YGc
* TRng: IN + 1 = OUT * Gi@m: IN -1 = OUT Bi'u di\n E STL: L'nh t\ng: Byte: Word: Double word: nghja: INCB OUT INCW OUT INCD OUT OUT + 1 = OUT L'nh gi>m: DECB OUT DECW OUT DECD OUT OUT -1 = OUT
D' l)y l nh tFng hoUc giBm thanh ghi E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y l: : tRng byte : tRng word : tRng double word : gi@m byte : gi@m word : gi@m double word
gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn cJn tRng ho>c gi@m ng IN. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT. (thng th1Zng ng vo v ra c chung m,t biAn). V dO 14.4: Hy viAt m,t ch14ng trnh con cho khu tRng gi@m t/c &, &,ng c4 trn mn hnh &i$u khi'n TP170micro &' khi )n phm (+) th t/c &, &,ng c4 tRng dJn ln, cn khi )n phm (-) th t/c &, &,ng c4 gi@m dJn xu/ng.
Gi@i Nh9m gip cho b.n &]c d\ hi'u, c? mWi lJn )n m,t phm (+) ho>c phm (-) th t/c &, &,ng c4 tRng ho>c gi@m &i m,t vng quay. m &y c th' c nhi$u ph14ng php nh1ng chH gi3i h.n kiAn th?c c4 b@n trong quy'n sch, cn cc kiAn th?c nng cao xin b.n &]c tQp 2.
270
Chu Ch YGc
B>ng k hi'u K hiKu Phim + Phim TD_Dongco
3<a ch> M0.0 M0.1 MW20 TRng t/c &,ng c4 Gi@m t/c &,ng c4 BiAn t/c &, &,ng c4
Ch thch
Ch7:ng trnh: LAD

LD EU INCW MW20 M0.0
STL
Network 1 Tang toc dong co
Network 2 Giam toc dong co LD EU DECW MW20 M0.1
14.6. Cc php tan logic s;

14.6.1 Cc logic s; trong S7-200
Php ton logic s/ sj th6c hi n theo tUng bit c;a hai tan h.ng s/ t14ng ?ng hay m,t tan h.ng s/ v3i m,t h9ng s/. Cc php logic s/ c th' li t k E b@ng sau: Php ton: V d%: INV IN: ....1001 OUT: 0110 Bi0u dihn:
INV
AND IN1: ....1010 IN2: ....1100 OUT:...1000

AND
OR IN1:....1010 IN2: ....1100 OUT:...1110

OR
XOR IN1:....1010 IN2: ....1100 OUT:...0110

XOR
Cc lKnh logic s, l: * L'nh #>o byte (INVB), #>o word (INVW), #>o double word (INVD) sR #>o cc bit H ng vo IN v k8t qu> #!Ac #!a ra ng OUT.
271
Chu Ch YGc
* L'nh AND Byte (ANDB), AND Word (ANDW), v AND Double Word (ANDD) th c hi'n AND cc bit t!:ng Gng cCa hai gi trU ng vo IN1 v IN2 v k8t qu> #!Ac #!a ra OUT. * L'nh OR Byte (ORB), OR Word (ORW), v OR Double Word (ORD) th c hi'n OR cc bit t!:ng Gng cCa hai gi trU ng vo IN1 v IN2 v k8t qu> #!Ac #!a ra OUT. * L'nh XOR Byte (XORB), XOR Word (XORW), v XOR Double Word (XORD) th c hi'n XOR cc bit t!:ng Gng cCa hai gi trU ng vo IN1 v IN2 v k8t qu> #!Ac #!a ra OUT. D' l)y cc php ton logic s, E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y l: : : &@o byte &@o word : &@o dword : AND byte : AND word : AND double word : OR byte : OR word : OR double word : XOR byte : XOR word : XOR double word
gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn cJn tRng ho>c gi@m ng IN. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT. (thng th1Zng ng vo v ra c chung m,t biAn).
14.6.2. _ng d%ng

14.6.2.1 Che v> tr cc bit M,t ?ng dOng c;a php tan AND s/ l che vF tr bit. D' lm [n &i nh7ng vF tr bit khng cJn thiAt ho>c khng mu/n xu)t hi n th ta s0 dOng m>t n., E nh7ng vF tr bit cJn thiAt ta cho gi trF 1 v lm [n nh7ng bit khng cJn thiAt b9ng cch cho bit t14ng ?ng gi trF 0. V dO ta cJn l)y 4 bit cu/i cng c;a VW100 th ta sj OR VW100 v3i m>t n. sau: 0000 0000 0000 1111 v kAt qu@ &1Bc ch?a vo VW200. Ch14ng trnh: LAD STL
272
Chu Ch YGc
14.6.2.2 Chn thm bit M,t ?ng dOng c;a php tan OR s/ l chn bit. Mu/n cho bit no trong thanh ghi ln m?c 1 th ta sj OR E bit t14ng ?ng v3i gi trF 1. V dO ta mu/n 4 bit cu/i c;a VW100 c gi trF 1 th ta sj OR n v3i gi trF sau: 0000 0000 0000 1111. Ch14ng trnh: LAD STL
14.7 Ch"c nang d>ch/quay thanh ghi

14.7.1 Ch"c nang d>ch chuy0n thanh ghi
V3i ch?c nRng dFch chuy'n thanh ghi, cc bit c;a biAn sj &1Bc dFch v$ bn ph@i hay bn tri theo m,t gi trF xc &Fnh. Ty theo vi c dFch chuy'n thanh ghi l 1 Byte, 1 word hay 1 double word m gi trF dFch c th' t/i &a l 8, 16 hay 32. NAu c th6c hi n php ton dFch (khc 0) th n,i dung c;a bit sau cng thot ra khPi thanh ghi &1Bc ch?a trong nh3 SM1.1. Cn nAu sau khi th6c hi n php dFch m kAt qu@ thu &1Bc c;a cc thanh ghi l 0 th nh3 SM1.0 &1Bc h &i$u hnh &>t gi trF l 1. Trong PLC h] S7-200, ngoi ngn ng7 &1Bc bi'u di\n theo chu[n IEC 1131-3, cn c ngn ng7 &1Bc bi'u di\n theo chu[n c;a hng s@n xu)t (Siemens). Cc l nh dFch chuy'n thanh ghi &1Bc cho nh1 sau: 14.7.1.1 D>ch tri m php ton dFch tri, cho php dFch byte, word v double word. C php chung bi'u di\n P LAD l: V9i: SHL_x * x: C th' l B (Byte), W (Word), DW (Double word). * IN: Thanh ghi cJn dFch tri c th' Byte, Word ho>c Double word. * OUT: N4i l1u tr7 gi trF sau khi dFch tri. c th' Byte, Word ho>c Double word. * N: S/ l1Bng bit cJn dFch tri. Ty theo dFch byte, word hay double word m N c gi trF max l 8, 16, 32.
273
Chu Ch YGc
* EN, ENO: Xem mOc 14.2.1 C php chung bi'u di\n P STL l: * DFch tri byte: * DFch tri word: SLB OUT, N SLW OUT, N
* DFch tri double word: SLD OUT, N Ch : b STL, th k8t qu> sau php dUch tri sR #!Ac chGa vo chnh thanh ghi c6n dUch. V d): Khi bit M10.0 tU 0 1 th yu cJu dFch tri byte VB10 &i 3 vF tr, kAt qu@ ch?a vo VB10. LAD STL
VB10 tr13c khi dFch: VB10 sau khi dFch 3 vF tr:

1
SM1.1
Chi$u dFch
14.7.1.2 D>ch ph8i m php ton dFch ph@i, cho php dFch byte, word v double word. C php chung bi'u di\n P LAD l: V9i: SHR_x * x: C th' l B (Byte), W (Word), DW (Double word). * IN: Thanh ghi cJn dFch ph@i c th' Byte, Word ho>c Double word. * OUT: N4i l1u tr7 gi trF sau khi dFch ph@i. c th' Byte, Word ho>c Double word. * N: S/ l1Bng bit cJn dFch ph@i. Ty theo dFch byte, word hay double word m N c gi trF max l 8, 16, 32. * EN, ENO: Xem mOc 14.2.1 C php chung bi'u di\n P STL l:
274
Chu Ch YGc
* DFch ph@i byte: * DFch ph@i word: * DFch ph@i double word:
SRB OUT, N SRW OUT, N SRD OUT, N
Ch : b STL, th k8t qu> sau php dUch ph>i sR #!Ac chGa vo chnh thanh ghi c6n dUch. D' l)y cc php ton d<ch thanh ghi E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y l: : : : dFch tri byte dFch tri word dFch tri double word : dFch ph@i byte : dFch ph@i word : dFch ph@i double word
gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn cJn dFch E ng IN. S/ bit cJn dFch E ng N. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT. (thng th1Zng ng vo v ra c chung m,t biAn). V d): Khi bit M10.0 tU 1 0 th yu cJu dFch tri byte VB10 &i 3 vF tr, kAt qu@ ch?a vo VB10. LAD STL
VB10 tr13c khi dFch:
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
SM1.1
VB10 sau khi dFch 3 vF tr
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
Chi$u dFch
14.7.2 Ch"c nang quay thanh ghi

V3i ch?c nRng quay thanh ghi, cc bit c;a biAn (byte, word, double word) sj &1Bc &[y vng trn sang ph@i hay sang tri theo m,t gi trF xc &Fnh. T.i mWi m,t lJn quay, gi trF logic c;a bit bF &[y ra khPi &Ju ny cang l gi trF logic &1Bc &1a vo &Ju kia c;a biAn. L nh quay sj khng th6c hi n &1Bc nAu nh1 s/ &Am lJn quay c gi trF b9ng 0 hay l b9ng b,i s/ c;a 8 &/i v3i quay byte, 16 &/i v3i word hay 32 &/i v3i double word.
275
Chu Ch YGc
D/i v3i cc gi trF khc c;a s/ &Am lJn quay l3n h4n 8 (&/i v3i byte), l3n h4n 16 (&/i v3i word) ho>c 32 (&/i v3i double word), th l nh sj th6c hi n v3i s/ &Am lJn quay m3i b9ng phJn d1 c;a s/ lJn quay ca chia cho 8, 16 ho>c chia cho 32. NAu c th6c hi n php ton quay (khc 0) th n,i dung c;a bit sau cng thot ra khPi thanh ghi &1Bc ch?a vo nh3 SM1.1. Cn nAu sau khi th6c hi n php quay m kAt qu@ thu &1Bc c;a cc thanh ghi l 0 th nh3 SM1.0 &1Bc h &i$u hnh &>t gi trF l 1. Trong PLC h] S7-200, ngoi ngn ng7 &1Bc bi'u di\n theo chu[n IEC 1131-3, cn c ngn ng7 &1Bc bi'u di\n theo chu[n c;a hng s@n xu)t (Siemens). Cc l nh quay thanh ghi &1Bc cho nh1 sau: 14.7.2.1 Quay tri m php ton quay tri, cho php quay byte, word v double word. C php chung bi'u di\n P LAD l: V9i: ROL_x * x: C th' l B (Byte), W (Word), DW (Double word). * IN: Thanh ghi cJn quay tri c th' Byte, Word ho>c Double word. * OUT: N4i l1u tr7 gi trF sau khi quay tri. c th' Byte, Word ho>c Double word. * N: S/ l1Bng bit cJn quay tri. * EN, ENO: Xem mOc 14.2.1
C php chung bi'u di\n P STL l: * Quay tri byte: * Quay tri word: * Quay tri double word: RLB OUT, N RLW OUT, N RLD OUT, N
Ch : b STL, th k8t qu> sau php quay tri sR #!Ac chGa vo chnh thanh ghi c6n quay. D' l)y cc php ton quay thanh ghi E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy l nh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc l nh cJn l)y l: : Quay tri byte : Quay tri word : Quay tri double word : Quay ph@i byte : Quay ph@i word : Quay ph@i double word
276
Chu Ch YGc
gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u ki n cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hi n th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn cJn quay E ng IN. S/ bit cJn quay E ng N. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT. (thng th1Zng ng vo v ra c chung m,t biAn). V d): Khi bit M10.0 tU 0 1 th yu cJu quay tri byte VD10 &i 4 vF tr, kAt qu@ ch?a vo VD10. LAD STL
VD10 tr13c khi quay tri

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Xoay 4 vF tr sang tri SM1.1 1
VD10 sau khi quay tri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
14.7.2.2 Quay ph8i T14ng t6 nh1 E php ton quay tri, E php ton quay ph@i cho php quay byte, word v double word. C php chung bi'u di\n P LAD l: V9i: ROR_x * x: C th' l B (Byte), W (Word), DW (Double word). * IN: Thanh ghi cJn quay ph@i c th' Byte, Word ho>c Double word. * OUT: N4i l1u tr7 gi trF sau khi quay ph@i. c th' Byte, Word ho>c Double word. * N: S/ l1Bng bit cJn quay ph@i. * EN, ENO: Xem mOc 14.2.1 C php chung bi'u di\n P STL l: * Quay ph@i byte: * Quay ph@i word: * Quay ph@i double word: RLB OUT, N RLW OUT, N RLD OUT, N
Ch : k STL, th k:t qu8 sau php quay ph8i sm /#Lc ch"a vo chnh thanh ghi c@n quay.
277

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Th.

K thu#t 'i(u khi*n

Thnh ph, H/ Ch Minh 10-2008

3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 4

7.6 Cc l 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3

TZng quan v/ #i/u khi+n

T(ng quan v, /i,u khi0n

Khi niGm chung v, /i,u khi0n

TZng quan v/ #i/u khi+n

Hnh 1.1: S: #D cc lo@i #i/u khi+n

1.2 C4u trc m1t qui trnh /i,u khi0n

Ngo ra d lieu Datenausgabe

Signal Ngo vao eingabe

Ngu =n cung c)p Stromversorgung

TZng quan v/ #i/u khi+n

1.3 Cc lo7i /i,u khi0n

TZng quan v/ #i/u khi+n

KAt n/i c?ng

speicherprogrammiert Kh@ trnh

ChProgramm 14ng trnh

THI bT Be Tg DhNG HA AUTOMATISIERUNGSGERT

Hnh 1.3: Hai lo@i #i/u khi+n trong s>n xu7t

TZng quan v/ #i/u khi+n

V d): 123 8 - H' th1p l)c phn:

Gi trF &Fnh vF = S/ ma c;a c4 s/ 16

V d): 2 162 512

1.5 Cc khi niGm xH l thng tin

TZng quan v/ #i/u khi+n

1 Byte g=m c 8 Bit BYTE 0 1 0

1 Word Tom tat:

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

Hnh 2.1: M@ch #i/u khi+n trnh t 3 my b:m

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

24V S1 24V S2 in1 S3 in2 S4 in3 in4

Hnh 2.3: S: #D k8t n-i v9i PLC

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

2.3 C4u trc cJa m1t PLC

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

2.4 Cc kh;i cJa PLC

2.4.1 Kh;i nguAn cung c4p

Hnh 2.6:Cc kh-i trong m$t PLC

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

2.4.2 B1 nhI ch#6ng trnh

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

2.4.3 Kh;i trung tm (CPU)

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

Cc kh;i /Kc biGt

2.5 Ph#6ng th"c thDc hiGn ch#6ng trnh trong PLC

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

BCt &Ju chu k`

Dao chieu quay Q0.1

PIQ = Process-image output table (vng & m ra)

B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC

3 C>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh trong #i/u khi+n logic

C8m bi:n v c6 c4u ch4p hnh trong /i,u khi0n logic.

3 C>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh trong #i/u khi+n logic

Solid State Relays:

3 C>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh trong #i/u khi+n logic

Hnh 3.3: C>m bi8n NPN (c>m bi8n rt dng).

3 C>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh trong #i/u khi+n logic

a. Ng vo PLC lo@i sourcing