Tai Lieu Thi Nghiem May Dien

TRNG I HC TN C THNG
KHOA IN - IN T
B MN K THUT IN
TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM
MY IN
Tp.H Ch Minh, thng 4 - 2010
TRNG H TN C THNG
KHOA IN IN T
---------------------
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
**************
NI QUY
PHNG TH NGHIM IN-IN T
IU I. TRC KHI N PHNG TH NGHIM SINH VIN PHI:
1. Nm vng quy nh an ton ca phng th nghim.
2. Nm vng l thuyt v c k ti liu hng dn bi thc nghim.
3. Lm bi chun b trc mi bui th nghim. Sinh vin khng lm bi chun b theo ng
yu cu s khng c vo lm th nghim v xem nh vng bui th nghim .
4. n phng th nghim ng gi quy nh v gi trt t chung. Tr 15 pht khng c vo
th nghim v xem nh vng bui th nghim .
5. Mang theo th sinh vin v gn bng tn trn o.
6. Tt in thoi di dng trc khi vo phng th nghim.
IU II. VO PHNG TH NGHIM SINH VIN PHI:
1. Ct cp, ti xch vo ni quy nh, khng mang dng c nhn vo phng th nghim.
2. Khng mang thc n, ung vo phng th nghim.
3. Ngi ng ch quy nh ca nhm mnh, khng i li ln xn.
4. Khng ht thuc l, khng khc nh v vt rc ba bi.
5. Khng tho lun ln ting trong nhm.
6. Khng t di chuyn cc thit b th nghim
IU III. KHI TIN HNH TH NGHIM SINH VIN PHI:
1. Nghim tc tun theo s hng dn ca cn b ph trch.
2. K nhn thit b, dng c v ti liu km theo lm bi th nghim.
3. c k ni dung, yu cu ca th nghim trc khi thao tc.
4. Khi my c s c phi bo ngay cho cn b ph trch, khng t tin sa cha.
5. Thn trng, chu o trong mi thao tc, c thc trch nhim gi gn tt thit b.
6. Sinh vin lm h hng my mc, dng c th nghim th phi bi thng cho Nh trng v
s b tr im th nghim.
7. Sau khi hon thnh bi th nghim phi tt my, ct in v lau sch bn my, sp xp thit
b tr v v tr ban u v bn giao cho cn b ph trch.
IU IV.
1. Mi sinh vin phi lm bo co th nghim bng chnh s liu ca mnh thu thp c v
np cho cn b hng dn ng hn nh, cha np bo co bi trc th khng c lm
bi k tip.
2. Sinh vin vng qu 01 bui th nghim hoc vng khng xin php s b cm thi.
3. Sinh vin cha hon thnh mn th nghim th phi hc li theo quy nh ca phng o to.
4. Sinh vin hon thnh ton b cc bi th nghim theo quy nh s c thi nhn im kt
thc mn hc.
IU V.
1. Cc sinh vin c trch nhim nghim chnh chp hnh bn ni quy ny.
2. Sinh vin no vi phm, cn b ph trch th nghim c quyn cnh bo, tr im thi.
Trng hp vi phm lp li hoc phm li nghim trng, sinh vin s b nh ch lm th
nghim v s b a ra hi ng k lut nh trng.
Tp.HCM, Ngy 20 thng 09 nm 2009
KHOA IN-IN T
( k)
PGS TS. PHM HNG LIN
Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

Bi 1
MY BIN P 1 PHA
I.
MC CH TH NGHIM
1.1. My bin p mt pha lm vic khng ti:

o U10 ; U20 ; I10 ; P0 :
9 V c tuyn khng ti U10 = f(I10) (ng cong t ha) , U20 = f(I10)
9 V c tuyn tn hao khng ti P0 = f(I10)
9 Tnh t s bin p k = U10 / U20.
1.2. My bin p mt pha lm vic ngn mch:
o U1n ; I1n ; I2n ; Pn :
9 V c tuyn ngn mch U1n = f(I2n)
9 V c tuyn tn hao ngn mch Pn = f(I2n)
9 Tnh t s bin p k = I2n / I1n
1.3. My bin p mt pha lm vic c ti:
o U1 ; I1 ; U2 ; I2 ; P1 :
9 V c tuyn ngoi U2 = f(I2)
9 V c tuyn hiu sut = f(P2) bng phng php trc tip
9 V c tuyn hiu sut = f(P2) bng phng php tn hao tng phn
1.4. My bin p ba pha:
9 Nm c cch u cun dy s cp v th cp my bin p.
9 Kim tra t s my bin p bng cch o thng s.
II.
TM TT L THUYT
2.1 My bin p mt pha.

MBA l mt my in tnh c 2 hay nhiu cun dy, trong cun dy no ni
vi ngun gi l cun dy s cp (Primary) v cun no ni vi ti gi l cun th cp
(Secondary). Nh vy, trong my bin p c th c mt hoc nhiu cun s cp v mt
hoc nhiu cun th cp. MBA n gin nht c mt cun s cp v cun th cp.
Nhim v ca my bin p l bin nng lng in AC t cp in p cu cun s cp
thnh cp in p ca cun th cp.
B mn k thut in, Khoa in in t

T s vng dy ca cun s cp (NP) v cun dy th cp (NS) c gi l t s
vng dy. T s ny cho bit mi quan h gia gi tr u vo v u ra ca mt my
bin p. S 1 cho thy mt my bin p mt pha n gin c mt cun s cp v
mt cun th cp c ni vi mt ti in tr R1.
2.2 My bin p ba pha.

2.2.1 Nguyn l lm vic ca my bin p.
- Nguyn l v cm bin in t
- in c a vo cun s cp s cm ng in t sang cun dy th cp cp
in p ca cun dy s cp v th cp t l thun vi s vng dy ca cun s
v th cp.
2.2.2 Cu to ca my bin p 3 pha.
- Mch in t.
- Cc cun dy.
- V my
- Thit b bo v v o lng.
2.2.3 Cc thng s k thut c bn ca my bin p.
- Cng sut my bin p S (KVA); t s bin p k
- ip p v dng in pha s cp v th cp ca my bin p.
- Tn hao ng v tn hao st t Pn v Po.
- in p ngn mch Un% ca my bin p.
- Hiu sut ca my bin p (%)

III.
CC BC TIN HNH TH NGHIM:
3.1. My bin p mt pha:

3.1.1. My bin p lm vic khng ti:
Hnh 1.1
Bc 1.
Ni mch nh hnh 1.1
Bc 2.
Xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun v v tr khng
Bc 3.
Bt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p tng U10 , ghi U10 , U20 , I10 , P0

vo bng 1.1
U10 (V)
U20(V)
I10(A)
P0(W)
Bng 1.1
c tuyn khng ti U10 = f(I10)
U10 (V)
I10 (A)

c tuyn P0 = f(U10)
P0 (W)
U10 (V)
Tnh t s bin p k = U10 / U20

U10(V)
U20(V)
k
3.1.2. My bin p lm vic ngn mch:
A1
A2
Hnh 1.2
Bc 4.
Ni mch nh hnh 1.2
Bc 5.
Xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun v v tr khng

Bc 6.
Bt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p tng t t I1n n gi tr nh

mc (I1m = 0.25A), ghi U1n ; I1n ; I2n ; Pn vo bng 1.2
U1n (V)
I1n(A)
I2n(A)
Pn(W)
Bng 1.2
c tuyn ngn mch U1n = f(I2n)
U1n (V)
I2n (A)
c tuyn tn hao ngn mch Pn = f(I2n)

Pn (W)
I2n (A)

Tnh t s k = I2n / I1n
I2n(A)
I1n(A)
k
3.1.3. My bin p lm vic c ti:
A1
A2
Tai
Hnh 1.3
Bc 1.
Ni mch nh hnh 1.3
Bc 2.
Bt cc cng tc ti v 0 ngt ti
Bc 3.
Bt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun tng U1 = 220V v gi

khng i trong sut th nghim.
Bc 4.
ng ti tr R vo my bin p. Ln lt thay i gi tr in tr R, tng

ng mi gi tr ghi vo bng 3.1
Ti tr R ()
in p U2 (V)
Dng in I2 (A) Dng in I1 (A)
Cng sut P1(W)
5100
2700
2700//5100
1500
1500//5100
2700//1500

2700//1500//5100
Bc 5.
Ngt ti tr R. ng ti cm XL vo my bin p. Ln lt thay i gi tr

in cm XL, tng ng mi gi tr ghi vo bng 3.2
Ti cm L (H)
in p U2 (V)
Dng in I2 (A) Dng in I1 (A) Cng sut P1(W)
14
7
14//7
3,5
14//3,5
7//3,5
14//7//3,5
Bc 6.
Ngt ti cm XL. ng ti dung XC vo my bin p. Ln lt thay i gi

tr in dung XC, tng ng mi gi tr ghi vo bng 3.3
Ti dung C (F) in p U2 (V)
Dng in I2 (A) Dng in I1 (A) Cng sut P1(W)
0,75
1,5
0,75//1,5
3
0,75//3
1,5//3
0,75//1,5//3
Bc 7.
Tt ngun, tho mch kt thc th nghim.
Ch : v c tuyn hiu sut , ta c :

Phng php trc tip:
= P2 / P1 vi P2 = U2I2
Phng php tn hao tng phn: = P2 / (P2 + Pn + P0)
Vi : P2 = U2I2 ;
Pn xc nh theo ng Pn = f(In)
P0 ly mt gi tr ng vi U10 = 220V th nghim 1.

3.2 My bin p ba pha
3.2.1 Th nghim khng ti:
3.2.1.1 Th nghim MBA 3 pha u /.
Bc 1.
Xoay nm iu khin in p (ngc chiu kim ng h) v v tr 0.

Ch : xc nh cc tnh cun dy MBA trc khi u kn.
Bc 2.
Kit ni MBA nh s hnh 2-1.
Bc 3.
Bt ngun v iu chnh in p ES = 220V. Khi s dng ng h Voltk

xoay chiu o v ghi li kt qu:
Es = 220V
E5-6(1) = V
E1-2(1) = V
E5-6(2) = V
E1-2(2) = V
E5-6(3) = V
E1-2(3) = V
E1-2 tng = E2 = V
Cc gi tr o c c bng khng? T xc nh cc cun dy ni ng th t pha?
.
Bc 4.
Khi cc cun dy th cp cn dng tam gic h () (nh hnh H2-1) th

in p tng ca cc cun dy th cp 1-2 c bng 0 khng? o U1-2 tng = 0
V t xc nh rng an ton khi ng kn mch theo hnh trn phn th
cp ca MBA.
Bc 5.
Khi vic ni cc cun dy c xc nh l ng theo cc tnh th ng kn

hnh trn phn th cp ca MBA.
Bc 6.
Ni 3 voltk E1, E2, E3 vo 3 pha ca cun dy th cp.

Bt ngun v iu chnh in p c ES = 220V.
o E1 = E2 = E3 = V ( bn pha th cp)
Ch rng: MBA c kt ni theo t s bin p K = 1 nn in p s cp bng in
p th cp.
Bc 7.
Tt ngun tho tt c cc dy ni.
3.2.1.2 Th nghim MBA 3 pha u Y/Y.

6
6
2
5
6
ES
Hnh 2.2: My bin p 3 pha u Y-Y
Bc 1. Ni Module MBA 3 pha theo hnh Y/Y nh s hnh H2-2.

Bc 2. Bt ngun v iu chnh c in p ES = 220V (ES = U5-5 = in p bn
s cp)
Bc 3. S dng Voltk o in p tng cun dy bn s cp v th cp.
E5-6(1) = V
E5-6(2) = V
E5-5 = V
E5-6(3) = V
E1-2(1) = V
E1-2(2) = V
E1-1 = V
E1-2(3) = V
Cc gi tr o c c bng khng? T xc nh cc cun dy ni ng th t
pha?
Bc 4. Kt qu o c xc nhn rng: cc cun dy th cp c ni ng quan h
pha.

Bc 5. in p dy bn phn s cp v bn th cp ca MBA c ln gp 3 ln in
p pha trn tng cun dy MBA?
Ta xt MBA 3 pha u / v u Y/Y ch khng ti v c t s bin th

l U K =
U1 w1
=
= 1 (w1, w2 s vng dy ca 2 cun dy s v th cp ca MBA).
U 2 w2
- Khi K >1 MBA l h th.

- Khi K <1 MBA l tng th.
3.2.2 Th nghim c ti MBA 3 pha u /Y:
Bc 1. Cng tc chnh ca ngun t v tr 0 (OFF) nm iu khin in p t
v tr ngc chiu kim ng h.
Bc 2. Ni Module MBA 3 pha theo hnh /Y nh trong s hnh H2-3.
X
Y1
Y2
Bc 3. Bt ngun v iu chnh c in p ES = 127 V

o in p dy trn phn s cp v th cp v ghi li kt qu.
E5-6(1) = V
E5-6(2) = V
E5-6(3) = V
E1-2(1) = V
E1-2(2) = V
E1-2(3) = V
Bc 4. Trn phn th cp ca MBA c 3 ti tr R vi

R = 5100 // 2700 // 1500 811
c v ghi li kt qu cc dng in trn ti R
I1 = mA
I2 = mA
I3 =mA
10

Bc 5. Vi ti tr R = 1500//2700 = 964 o v ghi:
I1 = mA
I2 = mA
I3 =mA
Bc 6. Ti ngun
- Tho I1 u vo gia X-Y1 o ng in dy s cp.
- Tho I2 u vo gia X-Y2 o ng in pha s cp.
Bc 7. Bt ngun v gi nguyn ES = 127 V
o v ghi:
I1 = mA
I2 = mA
I3 =mA
Bc 8. So snh dng in o c bn phn s cp v th cp.
11

BI 2
MY IN MT CHIU
I.
MC CH TH NGHIM
- Hiu cch u cc loi ng c in mt chiu.
- Kho st cc c tnh ca cc loi my in mt chiu.
- Kho st s thay i ca tc theo dng kch t v theo in p.
II.
TM TT L THUYT
2.1 ng c mt chiu kch t c lp:
Hnh 1.1 S thay th tng ng ca

ng c mt chiu.
Khi dng in trong nam chm in stator

c cp t mt ngun mt chiu c lp,
c th l c nh hay thay i, khi gi
l my in mt chiu kch t c lp.
Dng in chy trong nam chm in
stator thng c gi l dng in kch
t v n c dng to ra t trng c
nh. C th thy phn ng c v in ca
ng c mt chiu bng cch kim tra
mch in tng ng ca n nh trn
hnh 1.1.
Trong s thay th trn, EA [V] l in p trn chi than, IA [A] l dng in

chy qua chi than, v RA [] l in tr gia hai chi than. Ch rng EA, IA v RA
thng c gi l in p, dng in v in tr phn ng. ERA [V] l in p ri trn
in tr phn ng. Khi ng c quay s to ra mt in p cm ng t l vi tc
ECEMF [V]. in p cm ng ny thng c biu din l mt ngun mt chiu trn
mch in thay th tng ng nh trn hnh 1.1. ng c cng to ra mt moment
t l vi dng in phn ng IA [A] chy trong ng c. Phn ng ca ng c theo hai
phng trnh s cho di y. Phng trnh th nht l quan h tc ng c v
in p cm ng ECEMF [V], phng trnh th hai l quan h gia moment T [Nm] v
dng in phn ng IA[A].
n = K1 x ECEMF
T = K2 x IA
vi
K1 l hng s c n v [(vng/pht)/V]
K2 l hng s c n v [N.m/A] hay [lbf-in/A]
12
Hnh 1.2 Quan h tuyn tnh gia tc ng c

v in p phn ng.
Khi cp cho phn ng ca ng c mt

chiu mt in p EA lc khng ti, th
dng in phn ng trong mch in
tng ng trn hnh 1.1 l hng s v
c gi tr rt nh. Kt qu l in p ri
trn in tr phn ng ERA rt nh v c
th b qua, v EEMF c th c xem l
in p phn ng EA. V vy, quan h
gia tc ng c n v in p phn ng
EA l mt ng thng v ECEMF t l vi
tc n. Quan h tuyn tnh ny c v
trn hnh 1.2, v dc ca ng thng
l h s K1.
Quan h gia moment T v dng in
phn ng IA ca ng c cng tng t,
nh vy ng c mt chiu c th c
xem l mt b bin i dng in
moment tuyn tnh. Hnh 1.3 m t quan
h tuyn tnh gia moment T v dng
in phn ng IA ca ng c. Hng s
K2 l dc ca c tuyn ny
Hnh 1.3 Quan h tuyn tnh gia moment v
dng in phn ng ca ng c.
Khi dng in phn ng tng, in p ri

trn in tr phn ng ERA=RA x IA cng
tng v khng th b qua. Khi in p
phn ng tnh nh sau:
EA=ERA+ ECEMF
V vy, khi cung cp cho ng c mt

chiu mt in p khng i EA, in p
ri trn in tr phn ng ERA s tng
khi dng in phn ng IA tng, v v th
dn ti lm gim in p ECEMF. iu
ny cng s lm gim tc n ca ng
Hnh 1.4 Quan h tc - dng in phn
ng n=f(IA) khi EA=const
c v tc t l vi in p ECEMF. Trn
hnh 1.4 l th quan h gia tc ng c n v dng in phn ng IA khi in p
phn ng EA khng thay i.
C th thay i cc c tnh ca ng c mt chiu kch t c lp bng cch
thay i ln ca t trng c nh do nam chm in stator to ra. iu ny c th
13

c thc hin bng cch thay i dng in chy trong nam chm in stator. Dng
in ny thng c gi l dng in kch t (IF) v n c dng to ra t trng
c nh trong ng c in mt chiu. C th dng mt bin tr c ni tip vi cun
dy in t iu chnh dng in kch t.
Hnh 1.5 m t cc quan h tc theo in p phn ng v moment theo dng
in phn ng ca ng c mt chiu kch t p lp thay i th no khi dng in
kch t gim xung di gi tr nh mc ca n. Hng s K1 s ln hn v hng s K2
s nh hn. iu ny c ngha l ng c c th quay vi tc cao hn m khng
vt qu gi tr nh mc ca in p phn ng. Tuy nhin moment m ng c to ra,
khi in p phn ng khng ln hn gi tr nh mc s gim xung.
Cng c th t dng in kch t ca ng c mt chiu kch t c lp gi tr
ln hn nh mc trong mt thi gian ngn. Cc c tnh tc theo in p phn ng
v moment theo dng in phn ng s ngc li tc l hng s K1 s nh hn v hng
s K2 s ln hn. Kt qu l, ng c c th to ra moment cao hn trong thi gian
nhng tc ng c c th quay m khng lm in p phn ng vt qu gi tr
nh mc s gim xung. Tng dng in kch t khi khi ng s lm tng moment
ca ng c mt chiu kch t c lp v v vy s lm qu trnh gia tc ca ng c
tng ln.
Hnh 1.5 Xt nh hng ca dng kch t n cc hng s K1 v K2.
2.2 ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip:

ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip l ng c trong nam chm in kch t l
mt cun dy ni tip vi phn ng nh trn hnh 1.6. ln ca trng kch t ca
nam chm in do thay i khi dng in phn ng thay i. Kt qu l K1 v K2
thay i khi dng in phn ng thay i. Hnh 1.6 trnh by c tnh tc theo
moment ca ng c kch t ni tip khi in p phn ng khng i. c tnh ny
cho thy rng tc gim phi tuyn khi moment tng, tc l khi dng in phn ng
tng.
14
Vt
Hnh 1.6. ng c kch t ni tip v c tnh tc theo moment.
ng c kch t ni tip cho moment khi ng ln v vng tc lm vic

rng khi n c cp bi ngun in khng i. Tuy nhin, tc , moment v dng
in phn ng ph thuc vo ti c ca ng c. Thm vo , ng c kch t ni
tip c c tnh lm vic phi tuyn nh gii thiu trn hnh 1.6 v quan h tc v
moment. Kt qu l rt kh gi tc ca ng c khng i khi ti c ca ng c
dao ng. Hn na, dng in phn ng phi c gii hn trnh nhng hng hc
khi khi ng (khi cp in cho ng c). Cui cng, mt ng c mt chiu kch t
ni tip khng bao gi c chy khng ti v khi tc ng c s tng ln rt
cao v s lm hng ng c.
Ngy nay, cc ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip c th c dng vi ngun
in khng i, chng hn trong cc ng c khi ng to; hay vi ngun in bin
thin, chng hn trong cc h thng my ko.
2.3 ng c mt chiu kch t song song
ng c mt chiu kch t song song l ng c trong nam chm in kch t
l mt cun dy ni song song vi phn ng, c hai cun dy u c ni vo cng
mt ngun in mt chiu nh trn hnh 1.7. Vi in p phn ng khng i K1 v K2
l khng i, v c tnh tc theo moment rt ging vi c tnh ca ng c mt
chiu kch t c lp khi in p ngun mt chiu khng i, nh trn hnh 1.7. Cng
ging nh vi ng c mt chiu kch t c lp, cc c tnh (K1 v K2) ca ng c
kch t song song c th thay i bng cch thay i dng in kch t vi bin tr.
Tuy nhin, rt kh iu chnh tc ng c kch t song song bng cch thay i
in p phn ng, bi v iu ny s lm thay i dng in kch t, v v th cc c
tnh ca ng c s c xu hng chng li s thay i tc .
15

Vt tc
Hnh 1.7. ng c kch t song song v cc c tnh ca n.
u im chnh ca ng c mt chiu kch t song song l ch cn duy nht mt

ngun in mt chiu cho c hai dy qun phn ng v kch t. u im na l tc
thay i rt t khi ti c ca ng c thay i. Tuy nhin, ng c kch t song song c
min tc khng ln v tc khng th thay i d dng bng cch thay i in p
phn ng. Hn na, dng in phn ng cn c gii hn trnh h hng cho ng
c khi n khi ng. Cui cng, nu cun dy kch t song song b h mch bt ng
th dng in kch t IF s bng khng, tc ng c s tng rt nhanh, ng c s b
mt n nh nh trnh by hnh 1.7.
2.4 ng c mt chiu kch t hn hp:
C th kt hp cc cun dy kch t ni tip v song song t c mt c
tnh tc theo moment c bit. Cc cun dy kch t ni tip v song song c th
ni vi nhau t thng ca chng cng vi nhau kiu ny thng c gi l ng
c kch t hn hp tng cng. Cc cun dy kch t ni tip v song song cn c th
ni vi nhau theo cch t thng ca chng loi tr ln nhau. Kiu ni ny to ra
ng c kch t hi hp loi tr, hin nay rt t c dng v ng c s tr nn khng
n nh khi dng in phn ng tng.
16
Hnh 1.8 ng c kch t hn hp v c tnh tc theo moment.
Hnh 1.8 l mt th cho thy cc c tnh tc theo moment ca cc kiu

khc nhau cu ng c mt chiu ni cho ti nay. C th thy, ng c mt chiu
kch t c lp v song song cho kiu c tnh ging nhau. c im chnh ca cc
c tnh ny l tc thay i t v tuyn tnh khi moment thay i. Mc khc, c
tnh ca cc ng c kch t ni tip l phi tuyn v tc thay i rt nhin (vng tc
lm vic ln) khi moment thay i. Cui cng, c tnh ca ng c kch t hn
hp l s kt hp cc c tnh ca ng c kch t ni tip v song song. N cho php
ng c kch t hn hp c vng bin thin tc kh ln, nhng tc khng bin
thin tuyn tnh theo moment.
17

III.
3.1 ng c mt chiu kch t c lp

3.1.1 Kt ni thit b, chun b th nghim (hnh 1.9)
Bc 1. Tt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun v v tr MIN.
Bc 2. Dng dy curoa ni trc my o moment vi my in mt chiu.

Bc 3. Lp ngun iu khin cho my o moment, xoay nm LOAD CONTROL
v tr MIN.
Bc 4. Lp ngun nui bin thin cho phn ng my in mt chiu.
Bc 5. Lp mch kch t c lp cho phn cm my in mt chiu. h mch
cc im A v B nh trn hnh v.
Hnh 1.9. ng c mt chiu kch t c lp ni vi my o moment.
3.1.2 Xc nh in tr phn ng
Bc 6. Bt cng tc chnh ca b ngun v v tr ON, iu chnh in p phn ng EA
dng in phn ng IA t gi tr nh mc (1,5A) (c ch th bi ng
h o E1, I1). c gi tr E1.
Tnh gi tr in tr phn ng R =
Bc 7. Xoay nm iu chnh in p v v tr MIN v tt ngun. Ni cc im A v

B trong mch trn hnh 1.9 vi nhau.
18

3.1.3 Th nghim xc nh c tnh c n = f(M) khi EA = Um; IF=Itm
Bc 8. Bt ngun nui. Trn my o moment, xoay nm LOAD CONTROL v v tr
MIN. Xoay bin tr cun dy kch t FIELD RHEOSTART sao cho dng
in kch t IF = Itm = 0.3A (c ch th bi ng h o I2). iu chnh in
p trn phn ng bng gi tr nh mc my in EA=Um = 220V
Bc 9. Trn my o moment xoay nm LOAD CONTROL tng ti thm 0.2Nm.
Ch cho ng c chy n nh ; c cc gi tr : ln ti M, dng in phn
ng IA, tc ng c n.
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
Bc 10. Lp li Bc 9 cho n khi IA= Im = 1.5A. S liu ghi nhn c ghi vo
bng 2.1.3
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Bng 2.1.3
3.1.4 Th nghim iu khin tc theo dng kch t:
Bc 11. Ln lt thay gi tr dng kch t IF = 0.25A ; IF = 0.2A. Tng ng vi mi
gi tr dng kch t IF, xoay nm LOAD CONTROL (trn my o moment)
v v tr MIN lm li th nghim nh trong Bc 9 v Bc 10. S liu ghi
nhn c ghi vo bng 2.1.4a v Bng 2.1.4b.
19

Khi dng kch t IF = 0.25 A ( Bng 2.1.4a)
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Khi dng kch t IF = 0.2 A ( Bng 2.1.4b)

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
V th quan h gia moment M v tc n vi cc dng kch t ln lt l
0,3; 0,25; 0,2 vo cng h trc ta . T rt ra nhn xt.
20
.
.
.
.
3.1.5 Th nghim iu khin tc theo in p:
Bc 12. Ln lt thay gi tr in p phn ng EA = 200V; EA = 180V; EA = 150V.
Tng ng vi mi gi tr in p phn ng EA, xoay nm LOAD
CONTROL (trn my o moment) v v tr MIN lm li th nghim nh
21

trong Bc 9 v Bc 10. S liu ghi nhn c ghi vo bng 2.1.5a v
Bng 2.1.5b v Bng 2.1.5c.
Khi in p phn ng EA = 200V ( Bng 2.1.5a)
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Khi in p phn ng EA = 180V ( Bng 2.1.5b)

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
22

Khi in p phn ng EA = 150V ( Bng 2.1.5c)
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
V th quan h gia moment M v tc n vi cc in p EA ln lt l
200 ; 180 ; 150 vo cng h trc ta . T rt ra nhn xt.
.
.
.
.
.
.
23
3.1.6 Kt thc th nghim:

Bc 13. Tt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun v v tr MIN. Trn my o
moment xoay nm LOAD CONTROL v v tr MIN.
Bc 14. Tho mch, kt thc th nghim.
3.2 ng c mt chiu kch t song song
24

Bc 3. Lp ngun cho my o moment, xoay nm LOAD CONTROL v tr MIN.
Bc 4. Lp ngun nui bin thin cho my in mt chiu.
Cun dy
song song
Hnh 1.10. Mch ng c kch t song song
3.2.2 Th nghim xc nh c tnh c n = f(M) khi EA = Um; IF = Itm

in kch t IF = Itm = 0.3A(c ch th bi ng h o I2). iu chnh in
p trn phn ng bng gi tr nh mc my in EA = Um = 220V
ng IA, tc ng c n.
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
Bc 7. Lp li Bc 6 cho n khi IA = Im = 1.5A. S liu ghi nhn c ghi vo

bng 2.2.2
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
25

1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Bng 2.2.2
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
26

1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
27

.
.
.
.
CONTROL (trn my o moment) v v tr MIN lm li th nghim nh trong
Bc 6 v Bc 7. S liu ghi nhn c ghi vo bng 2.2.4a v Bng 2.3.4b
v Bng 2.3.4c.
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
28

1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
V th quan h gia moment M v tc n vi cc in p EA ln lt l 200;
180; 150 vo cng h trc ta . T rt ra nhn xt.
.
.
.
.
.
.
29

30

3.3 ng c mt chiu kch t ni tip
Lp li cc bc th
nghim ging nh
trong mc 3.2 nhng
thay i dy ni lp
thnh mch ng c
kch t ni tip nh
trn hnh 1.11.
Hnh 1.11. ng c kch t ni tip

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
31

1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
100 vo cng h trc ta . T rt ra nhn xt.
.
.
.
.
32

3.4 ng c mt chiu kch t hn hp:
Bc 3. Lp ngun cho my o moment, xoay nm LOAD CONTROL v tr MIN.
Bc 4. Lp ngun nui bin thin cho my in mt chiu.
Cun dy
song song
Hnh 1.11. ng c kch t hn hp tng cng
3.4.2 Th nghim xc nh c tnh c n = f(M) khi EA = Um; IF = Itm

in kch t IF = Itm = 0.3A(c ch th bi ng h o I2). iu chnh in
p trn phn ng bng gi tr nh mc my in EA=Um = 220V
ng IA, tc ng c n.
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
Bc 7. Lp li Bc 6 cho n khi IA = Im = 1.5A. S liu ghi nhn c ghi vo

bng 2.4.2
33

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Bng 2.2.2
Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
34

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
.
.
.
.
35

CONTROL (trn my o moment) v v tr MIN lm li th nghim nh trong
Bc 6 v Bc 7. S liu ghi nhn c ghi vo bng 2.4.4a v Bng 2.4.4b
v Bng 2.4.4c.
36

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
37

Moment ti M (Nm)
Dng phn ng IA(A)
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
180; 150 vo cng h trc ta . T rt ra nhn xt.
.
.
.
.
.
.
38

39

BI 3
MY IN KHNG NG B
I.
MC CH TH NGHIM
-
Kho st cc hin tng khng ti, ngn mch, mang ti ca ng c.
Kho st cc c tnh c ca ng c.
Kho st cc hin tng mt pha.
Kho st nh hng ca in tr ph n kh nng ti ca ng c rotor dy qun
II.
TM TT L THUYT
Rotor my in khng ng b thng c hai kiu cu to: kiu lng sc v kiu

dy qun. V nguyn l c hai kiu my in khng ng b ny hot ng ging
nhau, nhng tin m t ta xt nguyn tc hot ng ca loi rotor lng sc.
Gi s c mt thang lm bng dy dn t nm ngang, bn trn c thanh nam
chm di chuyn vi vn tc v , khi s xut hin cc dng in cm ng nh h. 3.1.
Hnh 3.1 Nam chm chuyn ng trn mt thang dy dn
Cc dng in chy trong vng dy to bi dy dn {1; 2} v vng to bi dy

dn {2 ; 3} c chiu sao cho chng to nn cc t trng vi cc cc nam v cc bc
c tc dng cn tr s chuyn ng tng i gia thanh nam chm v thang c th
hin trn hnh 3.2.
Hnh 3.2 T trng do dng in trong thang dy dn to ra

40

Nh vy khi c s chuyn tng i gia thanh nam chm v thang dy dn s
c lc tc ng tng h gia t trng ca thanh nam chm v cc t trng to bi
dng cm ng trong thang. Lc ny lm cho thang b ko dc theo hng chuyn ng
ca thanh nam chm. Tuy nhin, nu thang chuyn ng cng vn tc ca thanh nam
chm th s khng cn s bin thin t thng nn khng c dng cm ng to dng
in chy vo trong vng dy dn bng kim loi, c ngha l khng cn t lc tc ng
ln thang. V vy, thang dy dn phi chuyn ng vi vn tc chm hn so vi vn
tc chuyn ng ca thanh nam chm to ra mt t lc ko thang theo hng
chuyn ng ca nam chm. S chnh lch tc chuyn ng ca hai vt ny cng
ln th s bin thin t thng cng ln, do lc in t tc ng ln thang dy dn
cng ln.
Trong my in khng ng b b phn nhn dng in cm ng gi vai tr nh
thang dy dn nu trn l rotor; b phn to ra t trng quay gi vai tr nh thanh
nam chm chuyn ng chnh l mch t dy qun stator.
III.
3.1 Kho st cc c tuyn khng ti:

3.1.1 Kt ni thit b, chun b th nghim khng ti:
Bc 1. Tt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun 3 pha v v tr khng
Bc 2. Kt ni tam gic cho 3 cun stator my in khng ng b. Mc cc thit b
o in p pha E1, dng in pha I1, cng sut W1 ri ni kt vi ngun nh
m t trn hnh 3.3
Hnh 3.3 S kt ni cho th nghim khng ti.
3.1.2 Th nghim khng ti:

Bc 3. Bt ngun 3 pha cp in p cho my in. Kim tra nu ng c quay
ngc chiu kim ng h th tt ngun, tro 2 dy pha (o v th t
41

pha) nhm lm cho ng c quay theo chiu kim ng h trong qu trnh lm
th nghim.
Bc 4. iu chnh in p t ln cun stator bng 220V. Cho ng c khng ng
b khi ng. Ch cho ng c chy n nh, c in p pha U (ng h
E1), dng in I1 pha (ng h I1), tc khng ti n, tn tht khng ti P0.
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Tc n (v/p)
Tn hao P0 (W)
Bc 5. Kho st ch khng ti khi in p t 50%-100% gi tr nh mc

(220V): Mi ln tng in p ln 20V, c cc thng s nh Bc 4 cho n
khi in p t ln cun stator bng Um. Cc s liu c c ghi vo Bng
2.1.2.a
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Tc n (v/p)
Tn hao P0 (W)
110
130
150
170
190
210
Bng 2.1.2.a
Bc 6. Kho st ch khng ti khi in p trn gi tr nh mc: Mi ln tng
in p ln 20V, c cc thng s nh Bc 4 cho n khi dng in trong
cun stator cn nh hn gi tr nh mc. Cc s liu c c ghi vo Bng
2.1.2.b. Lu bc ny phi tin hnh nhanh trong vng di 5 pht.
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Tc n (v/p)
Tn hao P0 (W)
230
250
Bng 2.1.2.b
42

Bc 7. Kho st ch khng ti khi in p di 0.5Um: Lp li bc 4, sau
mi ln gim in p xung 10V, c cc thng s nh Bc 4 cho n khi
ng c chy vi tc kh chm hoc dng in trong cun stator cn nh
hn gi tr nh mc. Cc s liu c c ghi vo Bng 2.1.2.c. Lu bc
ny phi tin hnh nhanh trong vng di 5 pht.
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Tc n (v/p)
Tn hao P0 (W)
90
70
Bng 2.1.2.c
Bc 8. Chnh in p ngun v khng, tt ngun, tho mch, kt thc th nghim
khng ti.
Bc 9. V th c tnh khng ti ca ng c ln trn th. T rt ra nhn xt.
.
.
.
43

3.2 Th nghim ngn mch nh thng s ca my in khng ng b:
3.2.1 Kt ni thit b, chun b th nghim ngn mch:
Bc 1. Tt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun 3 pha v v tr khng.
Hnh 3.4 S kt ni cho th nghim ngn mch.
Bc 2. Kt ni sao cho 3 cun stator my in khng ng b. Mc cc thit b o

in p pha E1, dng in pha I1, cng sut W1 ri ni kt vi ngun. Dng
dy cuaro ni rotor my in khng ng b vi my o moment nh m t
trn hnh 3.4. Cp ngun, kim tra nu ng c quay ngc chiu kim ng
h th tt ngun, tro 2 dy pha (o v th t pha) nhm lm cho ng c
quay theo chiu kim ng h trong qu trnh lm th nghim. Tt ngun, xoay
nm iu chnh in p ngun 3 pha v v tr khng.
3.2.2 Th nghim ngn mch:
Bc 3. Kim tra bo m nm iu chnh in p ngun 3 pha v v tr khng. Dng
cht chn khng cho my o moment quay o moment khi ng v lm
th nghim ngn mch. Bt ngun 3 pha cp in p cho my in.
Bc 4. iu chnh in p t ln cun stator bng 30V. c in p dy U (ng h
E1), dng in pha I1 (ng h I1), moment khi ng (my o moment), tn
tht ngn mch Pn.
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Moment khi ng (Nm)
Tn hao P0 (W)
30
Bc 5. Kho st c tuyn ngn mch: Mi ln tng in p ln 20V, c cc

thng s nh Bc 4 cho n khi dng in pha I1 t ln cun stator bng
gi tr nh mc. Cc s liu c c ghi vo Bng 2.2.2.a. Lu bc ny
phi tin hnh nhanh trong vng di 5 pht.
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Moment khi ng (Nm)
Tn hao P0 (W)
44

50
70
90
Bc 6. Chnh in p ngun v khng, tt ngun, kt thc th nghim ngn mch.

Lu khng tho mch, m gi kt ni nh th cho th nghim mang ti.
3.3 Kho st cc c tuyn ng c mang ti:
3.3.1 Kt ni thit b, chun b th nghim ngn mch:
Bc 1. Tt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun 3 pha v v tr khng. Gi
nguyn kt ni nh hnh 3.4.
Bc 2. Tho cht cn cho php rotor my o moment c th quay. Chnh nm
Load control ca my o moment v v tr min.
3.3.2 Th nghim mang ti ch in p nh mc:
Bc 1. Kim tra bo m nm iu chnh Load control ca my o moment ang
v tr min. Kim tra bo m cht chn khng cho my o moment quay
c tho. Bt ngun 3 pha cp in p cho my in.
Bc 2.
iu chnh tng in p t ln cun stator bng Um = 380V. c in p

dy U (ng h E1), dng in pha I1 (ng h I1), moment (my o
moment), cng sut in cp cho ng c khng ng b P1, tc quay
ca rotor n.
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Moment M(Nm) Cng sut P1
380
Bc 3.
Tc n (v/p)
0
Kho st c tuyn ti (on cha qu ti): Mi ln iu chnh nm
Load control sao cho my o moment tng ti c ln 0.2Nm, ch cho my
chy n nh, c cc thng s nh Bc 2 cho n khi dng in pha I1
t ln cun stator bng gi tr nh mc. Cc s liu c c ghi vo
Bng 2.3.2a.
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Moment M(Nm)
380
0.2
380
0.4
Cng sut P1
Tc n (v/p)
45

380
0.6
380
0.8
380
1.0
380
1.2
380
1.4
380
1.6
Bng 2.3.2a
Bc 4.
Kho st c tuyn ti (on qu ti): Mi ln iu chnh nm Load

control sao cho my o moment tng ti c ln 0.2Nm, ch cho my chy
n nh, c in p dy U (ng h E1), dng in pha I1 (ng h I1),
moment (my o moment), cng sut in cp cho ng c khng ng b
P1. Lp li cc ng tc ny cho n lc khi tng ti th tc ng c suy
gim. Cc s liu c c ghi vo Bng 2.3.2b Lu bc ny phi tin
hnh nhanh trong vng di 5 pht.
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
380
1.8
380
2.0
380
2.2
Tc n (v/p)
Bng 2.3.2b
Bc 5.
Chnh in p ngun v khng, tt ngun, kt thc th nghim. Lu khng

tho mch, m gi kt ni nh th cho th nghim kho st nh hng ca
in p ln cc c tuyn ti.
Bc 6. V th c tnh mang ti ca ng c ln trn th. T rt ra nhn xt.

.
.
.
46
3.3.3 Th nghim mang ti ch in p khc vi nh mc:

Bc 7.
Lm li th nghim 3.3.2 nhng thay v cung cp in p nh mc cho

ng c th trong th nghim ny ch cp in p cho ng c bng 150V.
S liu th nghim ghi vo cc bng 2.3.3a-b.
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Moment M(Nm)
150
0.2
150
0.4
Cng sut P1
Tc n (v/p)
Bng 2.3.3a - b
Bc 8.
Chnh in p ngun v khng, tt ngun, kt thc th nghim mang ti.

Lu khng tho mch, m gi kt ni nh th cho th nghim kho st
nh hng ca s mt pha v vai tr ca dy trung tnh.
4.3.3 Th nghim kho st nh hng ca s mt pha v vai tr ca dy trung

tnh:
Bc 9.
iu chnh tng in p t ln cun stator bng Um. c in p dy U

(ng h E1), dng in pha I1 (ng h I1), moment (my o moment),
cng sut in cp cho ng c khng ng b P1, tc quay ca rotor n.
47

in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
380
Tc n (v/p)
Bc 10. Tho bt 1 dy pha, ghi nhn cc thng s nh Bc 8. trong 2 trng hp

khng c s dng dy trung tnh v c s dng dy trung tnh.
Khng c dy trung tnh
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Tc n (v/p)
0
C dy trung tnh
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Tc n (v/p)
Bc 11. Lm li Bc 9 vi cc gi tr moment ti khc khau.

Khng c dy trung tnh
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Moment M(Nm)
Cng sut P1
Tc n (v/p)
Cng sut P1
Tc n (v/p)
0.2
0.4
0.6
C dy trung tnh
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Moment M(Nm)
0.2
0.4
0.6
3.4.3 Th nghim mang ti ng c rotor dy qun cc gi tr in tr ph:

Bc 1. Mc mch in v dng dy cuaro lin kt cc my in nh hnh 3.5. Lm
li th nghim mang ti nh th nghim 3.3.2 cho ng c khng ng b
rotor dy qun vi cc gi tr in tr thay i ln lt l: Rp= 25 ; Rp= 50
; Rp= 75 . Cc kt qu thu c ghi vo bng 2.4.3
48
120 VAc
Hnh 3.5: Kho st nh hng ca in tr ph trong mch rotor
Khi in tr ph RP = 25
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
Moment M(Nm) Cng sut P1(W)
380
0.2
380
0.4
380
0.6
380
0.8
380
1.0
380
1.2
Tc n (v/p)
in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
380
0.2
380
0.4
380
0.6
380
0.8
380
1.0
380
1.2
Tc n (v/p)
49

in p U (V)
Dng in I (A)
380
0.2
380
0.4
380
0.6
380
0.8
380
1.0
Tc n (v/p)
Bc 2. T cc s liu th nghim hy v ln cc c tuyn moment M theo trt

di nh hng ca in tr ph t trong mch rotor
.
.
.
.
50

BI 4
MY IN NG B
I.
MC CH TH NGHIM
-
Nm c phng php m my ng c ng b.
Nhn ra c s khc nhau khi khi ng ng c c v khng c dng in

kch t.
Nm c c tuyn E0=f(It) v E0=f(n) khi khng ti.
Thy c s thay i in p khc nhau ng vi cc loi ti khc nhau.
Nm c phng php iu chnh dng kch t in p ti khng i khi ti

thay i.
II.
TM TT L THUYT
2.1. Kin thc c bn lin quan n bi th nghim:

2.1.1 Nguyn l hot ng ca my in ng b:
Nguyn l hot ng ca my in ng b c nhiu im ging vi my in
khng ng b. V cu to v chc nng b phn stato ca hai loi my in ny u
ging nhau v chng c tc dng to ra t trng quay. Tuy nhin tc dng rotor ca
my in ng b kh ging mt nam chm vnh cu hoc mt nam chm in nh
hnh 4.1.
Rotor
ca
cb
ng b
Hnh 4 1: Hnh
Rotor4.1:
ca
ng
cng
ng
51

2.1.2 My in ng b hot ng ch ng c v my b:
Rotor c ko chuyn ng dc nh t trng quay.Tuy nhin, lc khi ng
ng c ng b, t trng ngay lp tc quay vi tc ng b ns trong khi rotor vn
cn trng thi ngh, n khng bt kp vi t trng quay v kt qu l moment khi
ng yu.
ci thin c tnh khi ng ng c ng b, ngi ta thm mt lng sc
vo rotor. Trong qu trnh khi ng, khng kch thch nam chm in rotor, dng
in cm ng xut hin trong lng sc v ng c bt u quay ging nh mt ng
c khng ng b lng sc thng thng. Khi tc ca ng c gn vi tc ng
b ns th mi cp dng mt chiu c cho nam chm in, rotor bt kp t trng
quay v tr v tc ng b nS.
ng c ng b vi rotor bng nam chm in vnh cu khng th khi ng
c bng cch ny bi v nam chm in vnh cu lun lun c t tnh. Trong trng
hp ny, ngi ta dng phng php thay i tn s cung cp ngun cho cun dy
stato ca ng c ng b bng nam chm vnh cu. Tn s ca ngun xoay chiu ban
u c t gi tr thp. iu ny lm cho t trng ca stato quay vi tc
chm, do n cho php rotor bt kp vi t trng quay. Tn s ca ngun xoay
chiu sau u n tng ln v n lm tng tc ng c n tr s c tnh
ton.
c im quan trng nht ca ng c ng b 3 pha l kh nng vn hnh
mt tc c nh ging nh t trng quay v n c kh nng hot ng vi h s
cng sut thay i c ty nn c th tiu th hoc cung cp cng sut phn khng
cho ngun in xoay chiu.
Mt my in khng ng b lun lun tiu th cng sut phn khng mc d n
c th vn hnh ch ng c hoc mt my pht in bi v ng c khng ng
b cn cng sut phn khng to ra t trng quay.
Tri li i vi my in ng b t trng quay l tng cc t trng c to
ra bi stato v rotor. Nu t trng ca rotor yu, stato phi cung cp thm cng sut
phn khng cho t trng quay. V vy ng c tiu th cng sut phn khng nh
mt cun cm hoc mt ng c khng ng b. Tuy nhin nu t trng ca rotor
mnh, stato s lm gim bt t trng v ng c lc ny cung cp cng sut phn
khng nh mt t in.
52

th quan h gia cng sut phn khng Q vi
dng kch thch It (dng in trong nam chm
in ca rotor) ca ng c ng b 3 pha vn
hnh khng ti c biu th hnh 4.2. Khi
dng kch thch It gi tr nh, t trng cung
cp bi rotor yu v ng c tiu th mt cng
sut phn khng ln (Q l dng ). Cng sut
phn khng tiu th gim khi tng dng in It.
Khi dng It vt qu mt gi tr nht nh no
l ph thuc vo c tnh ca ng c, t
trng ca rotor s mnh ng c bt u
cung cp cng sut phn khng c ngha l Q
m nh m t hnh 4.2.
Hnh 4.2:Quan h gia cng sut

h kh
id
k h h h
Nh vy mt ng c ng b 3 pha khng ti vn hnh nh mt ti 3 pha c

tnh cht cm hay dung ph thuc vo dng kch thch It. V l ng c ng b 3
pha khng ti c th s dng nh l mt t in khi n c s dng iu chnh h
s cng sut trn li in 3 pha.
2.1.3 My in ng b hot ng ch my pht:
Cc my pht in hin nay ch yu l my pht in ng b ba pha, hay cn
gi l my dao in. Nguyn tc hot ng c bn ca my pht in ng b rt n
gin v c th gii thch qua hnh 4.3. Mt nam chm in to ra t trng bn trong
rotor (phn quay). Nam chm ny c ko bi mt ng c s cp (chng hn nh
turbine nc) to ra mt t trng quay lin tc. Chnh t trng quay to ra t
thng bin thin v to ra sc in ng trong cun dy stator.
Hnh 4.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca my pht in ng b
53

Theo hnh v chng ta thy rng i vi my pht ng b, sc in ng pht ra
c dng hnh sin hi mo. Cc yu t nh hnh dng cc t rotor, cch qun dy stator,
tnh cht mch t quyt nh mo dng sng in p pht ra ca my pht ng
b. Trong k thut ngi ta phi c nhng gii php in p pht ra c dng cng
gn ging hnh sin cng tt.
2.2. Gii thch cc th nghim:
Khi nghin cu my in ng b chng ta thng nht cc k hiu nh sau:
E0 ,U0 [V]
: in p u cc my pht lc khng ti.
It [A]
: dng in kch t.
U [V]
: in p u cc my pht lc mang ti.
I [A]
: Dng in
f [Hz]
: Tn s
In0[A]
: l gi tr dng in kch t tng ng vi U0=Um trong

th nghim khng ti
2.3 Kho st my in ng b hot ng ch ng c:

2.3.1 c tnh khi ng:
Th nghim ny cho thy moment m my ca ng c ng b khc nhau trong
hai trng hp c v khng c kch t. T y s hiu r hn cc phng php m
my in ng b l phc tp, nht l i vi cc my c cng sut ln. y l l do
chnh ti sao ng c ng b ba pha trong thc t khng s dng ph bin.
2.3.2 Kho st quan h I = f(It):
Quan h gia dng in trong stator I v
dng kch thch It ca ng c ng b 3 pha
c dng mt ng cong hnh ch V nh
hnh 4.4. th ny ch ra rng dng in I
c th t gi tr nh nht khi t cho dng
kch thch mt tr s tng ng vi im
cng sut phn khng gim xung 0. Khi
h s cng sut mch stator cos = 1. Khi
Dng
Stator
Dng kch thch It

Hnh 4.4: Quan h gia dng in
thay i moment ti, ng cong vn gi

dng ch V nh c nhng c khuynh hng dch chuyn v pha trn (tng I) v khi
cng sut tiu th ca ng c tng ln.
54

2.4 Kho st my in ng b hot ng ch my pht
2.4.1 c tnh khng ti:
c tnh khng ti l quan h U0 = f(It) khi I = 0 v f = fm.
c tnh ny cho bit cht lng mch t ca my pht in ng b. Dng c tuyn
ny ging nh ng cong t ha.
2.4.2 Cc c tuyn mang ti:
c tnh ngoi l quan h U = f(I) khi It = Itm; cos = const v f = fm.
c tnh iu chnh l quan h It = f(I) khi U = const; cos = const v f = fm.
c tnh ti l quan h U = f(It) khi I = const; cos = const v f = fm.
III.
3.1 Kho st ng c ng b:
3.1.1 Kt ni thit b, chun b th nghim:
Bc 1. Tt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun 3 pha v v tr khng. Trn
my o moment, xoay nm LOAD CONTROL sang v tr min.
Bc 2. Lp t thit b nh hnh 4.5. Ch cc volt k E1; E2 l loi xoay chiu
thang o 500V. Ampe k I1 ; I2 l loi xoay chiu thang o 2A (c th khng
cn mc E2 v I2 cho n gin). Ampe k I3 l loi mt chiu thang o
500mA (DC).
Hnh 4.5
55

3.1.2 Th nghim khi ng ng c ng b:
Bc 3. Trn ng c ng b bt cng tc EXCITER vo v tr 1 (ng kch t) v
vn nm EXCITER v v tr MIN (mt vng ngc chiu kim ng h). Bt
ngun in v xoay nm iu chnh t t cho n khi in p t c E1 =
380V. Quan st qu trnh khi ng ca ng c trong khi xoay nm iu
khin in p ny cho n khi in p c tng n 380V. Sau tt ngun,
xoay nm iu khin v v tr ban u.
Bc 4. Trn ng c ng b bt cng tc EXCITER vo v tr 0 (ngt kch t). Bt
ngun in v xoay nm iu chnh in p t t cho n khi in p t
c E1 = 380V. Quan st qu trnh khi ng ca ng c trong khi xoay
nm iu khin in p ny cho n khi in p c tng n 380V. Sau
tt ngun, xoay nm iu khin v v tr ban u. So snh moment khi
ng ca ng c trong hai trng hp thc hin Bc 3 v bc 4.
Bc 5. T kt qu nhn c, c th rt ra kt lun khi khi ng ng c ng b
c nn kch t cho rotor nam trc hay khng? Gii thch ngn gn.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
3.1.3 Th nghim kho st ch mang ti ca ng c ng b:
Bc 6. Bt ngun in. Trn ng c ng b bt cng tc EXCITER vo v tr 1.
Trn my o moment, ln lt xoay nm LOAD CONTROL thay i gi tr
moment cn t 0 n 0.8Nm (mi bc tng 0.2Nm), o v quan st xem
tc ca ng ng b c thay i khng khi ti thay i? i cho n khi
tc ca ng c ng b n nh ghi li tc n ca ng c, dng stator
I , dng kch t It vo Bng 4.1.3a.
Ch : Khi ng ti m in p tng vt qu 380 V th phi nhanh chng ly s
liu, khng tnh trng in p ln ny ko di gy chy cun dy stato my pht.
M(N.m)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
n(v/p)
I(A)
It(A)
Bng 4.1.3a
56
Bc 7. Trn my o moment, xoay nm LOAD CONTROL thay i gi tr moment

cn t gi tr t 0Nm. Xoay nm EXCITER tng dn kch t. Kho st
mi quan h gia dng kch t It v dng in I ngun cung cp cho ng c.
Kt qu ghi vo Bng 4.1.3b.
It(A)
I(A)
Bng 4.1.3b
Bc 8. Ln lt lm li th nghim Bc 7 ng vi cc gi tr ti cn 0.25Nm;
0.50Nm; 0.75Nm v 1.00Nm. Kt qu ghi vo cc bng s Bng 4.1.3c,
Bng 4.1.3d, Bng 4.1.3e v Bng 4.1.3f
It(A)
I(A)
Bng 4.1.3c (M=0.25 Nm)
57
It(A)
I(A)
Bng 4.1.3d (M=0.5 Nm)

It(A)
I(A)
Bng 4.1.3e (M=0.75 Nm)

It(A)
I(A)
Bng 4.1.3f (M=1 Nm)

Bc 9. Chnh ngun v khng, tt ngun, tho mch, dng th nghim.
Bc 10. V th quan h gia dng kch t It v dng in I ngun cung cp cho
ng c tng ng vi cc m men ti khc nhau (M=0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1)
vo cng h trc ta . T rt ra nhn xt.
58
3.2 Kho st my pht in ng b:

3.2.1 Kho st cc c tuyn khng ti:
59

Bc 1. Ni thit b theo nh hnh 4.6
Bc 2. Bt ngun in v t nm iu khin in p sao cho ng c s cp quay
vi tc nh mc.
Bc 3. Quan h E0 = f(It) khi I = 0 v f = fm.: Trn my pht in ng b, vn
nm iu chnh EXCITER lm thay cng dng in kch thch It, ng
vi mi gi tr ca It c ln ca E1, E2, v E3 trn cc ng h o ghi vo
bng s liu. Bin cc hiu in th thay i nh th no khi cng
dng in It ca my pht in ng b gim xung? Gii thch ngn gn ti
sao. C phi s thay i cng dng in It ca my pht in ng b
nh hng ti tn s ca cc dng sng hiu in th v s dch chuyn pha
gia cc dng sng hiu in th? Ti sao.
It(A)
E0(V)
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Bc 4. Quan h E0 = f(n) khi I = 0 v It = const: .Trn ngun cung in, iu chnh
nm iu p t t lm gim tc ca ng c, ng vi mi gi tr ca n c
ln ca E1, E2, v E3 trn cc ng h o ghi vo Bng 4.2.1. Bin v
tn s ca cc dng sng hiu in th thay i nh th no khi tc ca
my pht in ng b gim xung? Gii thch ngn gn ti sao?
It =
(A)
n(v/p)
E0(V)
Bng 4.2.1
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Bc 5. Tt ngun in v vn nm iu chnh in p ngun v khng.
3.2.2 Kho st cc c tuyn mang ti:
Bc 1. Ni thit b theo nh hnh 4.7. Cc cng tc ti bt v v tr OFF.
60
Bc 2. Bt ngun in v t nm iu khin in p sao cho ng c s cp quay

vi tc nh mc. (n=1500 vng/pht)
Bc 3. Quan h U = f(I) khi It = const; cos = 1 (ti thun tr) v n=1500 vng/pht
(c tnh ngoi): Ln lt thay i v tr cc cng tc trn 3 pha ti R thay
i, ng vi mi gi tr ca R hy ghi nhn dng I (c trn Ampe k I1) v
in p U (c trn Volt k E1). Kt qu ghi nhn vo Bng 4.2.2a. Tt ht
cc cng tc cung cp dng cho R.
It =
Ti thun tr R ()
(A)
Dng ti I (A)
in p U (V)
5100
2700
2700//5100
1500
1500//5100
2700//1500
2700//1500//5100
Bng 4.2.2a
61
Bc 4. Quan h U = f(I) khi It = const; cos = 0 (ti thun khng) v n=1500

vng/pht (c tnh ngoi): Ln lt thay i v tr cc cng tc trn 3 pha
ti L thay i, ng vi mi gi tr ca L hy ghi nhn dng I (c trn
Ampe k I1) v in p U (c trn Volt k E1). Kt qu ghi nhn vo
Bng 4.2.2b. Tt ht cc cng tc cung cp dng cho L.
It =
Ti thun khng L (H)
(A)
Dng ti I (A)
in p U (V)
14
7
62

14//7
3,5
14//3,5
7//3,5
14//7//3,5
Bng 4.2.2b
Bc 5. Quan h U = f(I) khi It = const; cos = 0 (ti thun dung) v n=1500

vng/pht (c tnh ngoi): Ln lt thay i v tr cc cng tc trn 3 pha
ti C thay i, ng vi mi gi tr ca L hy ghi nhn dng I (c trn
Ampe k I1) v in p U (c trn Volt k E1). Kt qu ghi nhn vo
Bng 4.2.2c. Tt ht cc cng tc cung cp dng cho C.
63

It =
Ti thun dung C (F)
(A)
Dng ti I (A)
in p U (V)
0,75
1,5
0,75//1,5
3
0,75//3
1,5//3
0,75//1,5//3
Bng 4.2.2c
64

Bc 6. Quan h It = f(I) khi U = const; cos = 1 v n=1500 vng/pht. Ln lt
thay i v tr cc cng tc trn 3 pha ti R thay i, ng vi mi gi tr
ca R hy iu chnh nm EXCITER trn my pht in ng b lm
thay cng dng in kch thch It, sao cho U = const ghi nhn dng I
(c trn Ampe k I1) v dng in kch thch It (c trn Ampe k I3). Kt
qu ghi nhn vo Bng 4.2.2d. Tt ht cc cng tc cung cp dng cho R.
U=
(V)
Dng ti I (A)
Ti thun tr R ()
Dng kch t It (A)
5100
2700
2700//5100
1500
1500//5100
2700//1500
2700//1500//5100
Bng 4.2.2d
65
Bc 7. Quan h It = f(I) khi U = const; cos = 0 (ti thun khng) v n=1500

vng/pht. Ln lt thay i v tr cc cng tc trn 3 pha ti L thay i,
ng vi mi gi tr ca L hy iu chnh nm EXCITER trn my pht in
ng b lm thay cng dng in kch thch It, sao cho U = const ghi
nhn dng I (c trn Ampe k I1) v dng in kch thch It (c trn Ampe
k I3). Kt qu ghi nhn vo Bng 4.2.2e. Tt ht cc cng tc cung cp
dng cho L
U=
Ti thun khng L (H)
(V)
Dng ti I (A)
Dng kch t It (A)
14
66

7
14//7
3,5
14//3,5
7//3,5
14//7//3,5
Bng 4.2.2e.
Bc 8. Quan h It = f(I) khi U = const; cos = 0 (ti thun dung) v n=1500

vng/pht.. Ln lt thay i v tr cc cng tc trn 3 pha ti C thay i,
ng vi mi gi tr ca C hy iu chnh nm EXCITER trn my pht in
ng b lm thay cng dng in kch thch It, sao cho U = const ghi
67

nhn dng I (c trn Ampe k I1) v dng in kch thch It (c trn Ampe
k I3). Kt qu ghi nhn vo Bng 4.2.2f. Tt ht cc cng tc cung cp dng
cho C.
U=
(V)
Dng ti I (A)
Ti thun khng C (F)
Dng kch t It (A)
0,75
1,5
0,75//1,5
3
0,75//3
1,5//3
0,75//1,5//3
Bng 4.2.2f.
68
Bc 9. Tt ngun, tho mch kt thc th nghim.
69

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TRNG I HC TN C THNG

TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM

Tp.H Ch Minh, thng 4 - 2010

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

1.1. My bin p mt pha lm vic khng ti:

2.1 My bin p mt pha.

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

2.2 My bin p ba pha.

B mn k thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

CC BC TIN HNH TH NGHIM:

3.1. My bin p mt pha:

Ni mch nh hnh 1.1

Xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun v v tr khng

Bt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p tng U10 , ghi U10 , U20 , I10 , P0

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

Tnh t s bin p k = U10 / U20

3.1.2. My bin p lm vic ngn mch:

Ni mch nh hnh 1.2

Xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun v v tr khng

B mn k thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

Bt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p tng t t I1n n gi tr nh

c tuyn tn hao ngn mch Pn = f(I2n)

B mn k thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

3.1.3. My bin p lm vic c ti:

Ni mch nh hnh 1.3

Bt ngun, xoay nm iu chnh in p ngun tng U1 = 220V v gi

ng ti tr R vo my bin p. Ln lt thay i gi tr in tr R, tng

Dng in I2 (A) Dng in I1 (A)

Cng sut P1(W)

B mn k thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

Ngt ti tr R. ng ti cm XL vo my bin p. Ln lt thay i gi tr

Dng in I2 (A) Dng in I1 (A) Cng sut P1(W)

Ngt ti cm XL. ng ti dung XC vo my bin p. Ln lt thay i gi

Ti dung C (F) in p U2 (V)

Dng in I2 (A) Dng in I1 (A) Cng sut P1(W)

Tt ngun, tho mch kt thc th nghim.

Ch : v c tuyn hiu sut , ta c :

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

Xoay nm iu khin in p (ngc chiu kim ng h) v v tr 0.

Kit ni MBA nh s hnh 2-1.

Bt ngun v iu chnh in p ES = 220V. Khi s dng ng h Voltk

Khi cc cun dy th cp cn dng tam gic h () (nh hnh H2-1) th

Khi vic ni cc cun dy c xc nh l ng theo cc tnh th ng kn

Ni 3 voltk E1, E2, E3 vo 3 pha ca cun dy th cp.

B mn k thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

Tt ngun tho tt c cc dy ni.

3.2.1.2 Th nghim MBA 3 pha u Y/Y.

Hnh 2.2: My bin p 3 pha u Y-Y

Bc 1. Ni Module MBA 3 pha theo hnh Y/Y nh s hnh H2-2.

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

Ta xt MBA 3 pha u / v u Y/Y ch khng ti v c t s bin th

- Khi K >1 MBA l h th.

Bc 3. Bt ngun v iu chnh c in p ES = 127 V

Bc 4. Trn phn th cp ca MBA c 3 ti tr R vi

B mn k thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem May ien

Bc 8. So snh dng in o c bn phn s cp v th cp.

B mn k thut in, Khoa in in t