H ng d n s d ng SPSS

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NG D N S D NG SPSS
NG D NG TRONG
NGHIN C U MARKETING

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L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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NG D NG TIN H C VO PHN TCH D LI U TRONG NGHIN C U

MARKETING
Ngy nay, vi c ng d ng tin h c
phn tch d li u trong nghin c u marketing l h t s c ph
bi n. C m t s ph n m m
c s d ng
phn tch d li u trong nghin nghi n marketing,
m i lo i u c nh ng u nh c i m nh t nh. Do v y, c n xc nh ph n m m no
cs
d ng trong qu trnh phn tch
t
c hi u qu cao nh t.
Trong khun kh h c ph n ny, chng ti s gi i thi u ph n m m SPSS FOR WINDOWS
(Statistical Package for Social Sciences)
phn tch d li u. u i m c a phn m m ny l tnh
a n ng v m m d o trong vi c l p cc b ng phn tch, s d ng cc m hnh phn tch ng th i
lo i b m t s cng o n (b c) khng c n thi t m m t s phn m m khc g p ph i.
t
c k t qu nh mong mu n, c n ph i:
- N m v ng m c tiu nghin c u d n
- N m v ng v tun th nh ng cam k t c a d n v th i gian, chi ph, ngu n nhn l c...
Trn c s xc nh b ng cu h i v m hnh phn tch (k ho ch phn tch d li u), qu trnh
nh p li u v phn tch c th thng qua m t s cng o n nh sau:
NH P LI U:
Giao di n nh p li u
Kch ho t SPSS, chng ta th y giao di n c a SPSS nh sau:

ho c:

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L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Trong :
+ Variable Name: tn bi n (di 8 k t v khng c k t

c bi t)

+ Type: ki u c a b m ha
+ Labels: nhn c a bi n, trong ph n ny chng ta c th nh p nhi u gi tr c a nhn ph h p v i
thi t k c a b ng cu h i. Sau khi nh p xong m i tr c a m ho, nh n Add
l u l i cc gi tr
trn.
+ Value: Gi tr c a t ng gi tr m ha (value) t

ng ng v i nhn gi tr (value label) c a n.

+ Missing: k hi u cu tr l i ng ra ph i tr l i nh ng b b qua (l i), ch l gi tr ny ph i

c nt c th ring bi t so v i gi tr khc d dng phn bi t trong qu trnh tnh ton.
+ Column: thi t

l n c a c t mang tn bi n v v tr nh p li u c a bi n ny.

+Measure: thang o l ng. Trn c s 4 c p

thang o l ng (bi u danh, th t , kho ng cch
v t l ), SPSS s phn ra thnh 3 thang o (bi u danh (nominal), th t (ordinal) v scale
(kho ng cch v t l ).
M t s ch khi nh p li u
Nh p gi tr khuy t
Trong qu trnh ph ng v n, c nh ng cu h i m ng ra
c
c ph ng v n ph i tr l i cu
h i , tuy nhin, do m t s nguyn nhn, ng i
c ph ng v n b qua m t ho c vi cu h i
(ho c cu tr l i) g i l gi tr khuy t.
m b o thng tin trong qu trnh phn tch, chng ta c n ph i
nh sau: Nh n Missing - H p h i tho i Missing Values xu t hi n.
-

nh ngh a nh ng gi tr ny

Nh n Discrecte missing values, t cc tr missing values vo cc tr ng, tr

c nh p t i
cc tr ng s
i di n cho nh ng gi tr khuy t.
Chng ta c th nh ngh a cc gi tr khuy t theo m t kho ng gi tr no b ng cc nh n v
nh p li u vo Range plus one optional discrete missing value.
T t c cc gi tr khuy t s khng tham gia vo qu trnh phn tch.

Chn m t bi n m i ho c b ng ghi m i
- Nh n Data/Insert Variable
- Nh n Data/Insert Case
- Tm n b ng ghi c n thi t: Go to Case

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L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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S p x p b ng ghi
- Nh n Sort Case
- S p x p theo bi n t i Sort by v i chi u t ng (Ascending) ho c gi m (Descending)
Bi n m t bi n thnh m t b ng ghi
- Nh n Data/Transpose
- Variable(s) l nh ng bi n c n thay
Ki
-

m tra gi tr nh p
Nhn ton b gi tr : Nh n View/ Value Labels
Ki m tra m t bi n no : Utilities/Variables
Ki m tra b m ho Utilities/File Info, v i b m ho ny, ta c th ki m tra l i m t l n n a
cng vi c nh ngh a cc bi n ho c c ng c th lm danh b cho vi c nh p s li u sau ny.

T o bi n m i khng ho c c rng bu c m t i u ki n
Trong qu trnh nh p li u,
c th rt ng n th i gian nh p li u ho c
ph c v m c ch phn
tch, chng ta cn c th t o ra bi n m i t cc d ki n v c u trc c a bi n nh p.
-

T o bi n m i khng i u ki n: Gi s theo s li u th ng k nh trn,

bi t
cs n m
cng tc cn l i tr c khi ngh h u l bao nhiu n m n a (gi s m i lao ng
c ngh h u
sau 25 n m cng tc). Nh v y ta thnh l p m t bi n m i nghihuu s b ng 25-nam
+ Nh n Transform/Compute
+ Trong Target Variable nh p bi n m i (nghihuu), trong chng ta c n ph i
Type&Label ti n cho vi c qu n l v so snh cc gi tr sau ny.
+ Trong Numeric Expression nh p gi tr c n gn cho bi n m i t bi n ch cho tr

nh ngh a
c.

Ch : Khi g p cc bi n thu c ki u chu i, ngy thng... chng ta c n ph i tm m t hm t ng

ng
quy cc gi tr ny v gi tr t ng ng m chng ta c th so snh
c (s d ng
hm Function)

T o bi n m i c i u ki n: C ng nh v d trn nh ng chng ta c n phn chia ra thnh

nam v n th sau khi thi t t cc gi tr nh trn xong.

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L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Nh n If ti p theo nh n Include if case satisfies condition trong h p h i tho i thi t t

i u ki n (p d ng cho nh ng ng i c gi i tnh l nam th i u ki n thi t t l
gioitinh=1 nh trong h p h i tho i:

M ho l i bi n:
Trong m t s tr ng h p, do nhu c u c a qu trnh phn tch, chng ta c n ph i m ha l i cc
bi n. C hai hnh th c m ho nh sau:
- M ho dng l i tn bi n c :
+ Nh n Transform/Recode/Into Same Variables
+

a bi n c n m ho l i vo Numeric Variable

+ Nh n If

thi t

t cc i u ki n (n u c)

+ Nh n Old and New Values

thay

i b m ho

* Trong Old Value l gi tr c , v New Value l gi tr m i c n nh p

* N u nh p gi tr m i

thang i m bi u danh, kho ng cch, t l th nh p t i

Value.

* N u m ho gi tr v i thang i m kho ng cch - Nh n Range

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L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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V d :
ph c v cho vi c phn tch, ta m ho l i tu i c a sinh vin theo thang i m
kho ng cch nh sau:
1 :
2 :
3 :

D i7n m
T 7 n 14 n m
Trn 14 n m

* Gi tr trn 14 n m b m Range/throught Highest v nh p li u

* Gi tr d

i 7 n m b m Range/Lowest throught v nh p li u

* C th gi nguyn gi tr khuy t hay c n thay i, n u gi nguyn c n ch l gi tr

c r i vo cc tr ng h p m chng ta m ho khng
kh i nh h ng n cc gi
tr phn tch.
- M ho dng l i khng dng tn bi n c (l u trn bi n m i):
+ Nh n Transform/Recode/Into Different Variables
+Tn bi n m i
+ Nhn c a bi n

Name v i cc thng s tho mn m t bi n bnh

c thi t

t t i Label, sau nh n Change

th

ng.

l u.

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L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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+ Cc thng s khc

c th c hi n nh

m ho dng l i bi n c .

PHN TCH M T (TH NG K M T ):

B ng phn b t n su t
B ng phn ph i t ng su t
c th hi n v i t t c cc bi n nh tnh (r i r c) v i cc thang o
bi u danh, th t v cc bi n nh l ng (lin t c) v i thang o kho ng cch ho c t l .

Nh n vo
l a ch n cc thng s o
l ng (mode, median, trung bnh)
Nh n vo

v
th cc t ng su t
c a bi n s

Central tendancy: o l ng
khuynh h ng h i t : tham s
trung bnh (mean), median,
mode, t ng (sum)
Dispersion:
o l ng
phn tn:
l ch chu n (std.
deviation), ph ng sai
Distribution: Ki m nh phn
ph i chu n (skeness v
kurtosis)

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L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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T n su t
xu t hi n
Valid

Dich vu thuong mai

Xay dung
Cong nghiep
Total

T l
ph n tr m

Loai hinh doanh nghiep

Frequency
88
56
56
200

Percent
44.0
28.0
28.0
100.0

Valid Percent
44.0
28.0
28.0
100.0

Cumulative Percent
44.0
72.0
100.0

So lao dong
Valid

Frequency
25
61
63
45
6
200

Tu 1 den 5
Tu 6 den 20
Tu 21 den 200
Tu 200 den 300
Tren 300
Total

Percent
12.5
30.5
31.5
22.5
3.0
100.0

Valid Percent
12.5
30.5
31.5
22.5
3.0
100.0

Cumulative Percent
12.5
43.0
74.5
97.0
100.0

Loai hinh doanh nghiep

Cong nghiep
28.0%

Dich vu thuong mai

44.0%

Xay dung
28.0%

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L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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L p b ng so snh

B ng so snh 2 nhn t :

Loai hinh doanh nghiep

So lao
dong

Dich vu thuong mai

Count
Row %
7
28.0%
26
42.6%
26
41.3%
27
60.0%
2
33.3%
88
44.0%

Tu 1 den 5
Tu 6 den 20
Tu 21 den 200
Tu 200 den 300
Tren 300

Group Total

Phn tch m t bi n
cl

nh l

Xay dung
Count
Row %
6
24.0%
21
34.4%
19
30.2%
7
15.6%
3
50.0%
56
28.0%

Cong nghiep
Count
Row %
12
48.0%
14
23.0%
18
28.6%
11
24.4%
1
16.7%
56
28.0%

ng

ng tham s trung bnh (m t nhm)

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L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Gi tr
trung bnh

l ch
chu n

One-Sample Statistics
N
Thu nhap nam (trieu)

Mean
33224.00

200

Std. Deviation
12932.72

Std. Error Mean

914.48

Gi i h n trn
c l ng

Gi i h n d i
c a
c l ng

One-Sample Test c a

Test Value = 0

Thu nhap nam (trieu)

cl
KI M
Ki m

t
36.331

df
199

Mean
Difference
33224.00

Sig. (2-tailed)
.000

ng s khc bi t gi a hai tham s trung bnh (

95% Confidence Interval of

the Difference
Lower
Upper
31420.68
35027.32

c l p ho c ph thu c)

NH THAM S
nh t

i v i tham s trung bnh m u

Nh chng ta bi t, thu nh p trung bnh c a cc i t ng ph ng v n l 33,224 tri u/n m, c

gi thi t cho r ng thu nh p c a i t ng m chng ta ph ng v n trn t ng th l 32 tri u/n m,
chng ta c n k t lu n nh n nh c ng khng.
Khi , gi thi t c a bi ton l:
H0 :

0=

32 (tri u) v H1:

0=

32 (tri u)

Nh n Analyze Compare Means One sample T test.

Ch n bi n c n phn tch vo Test Variable(s),

t gi tr

vo Test Value.

Nh n Option
thi t t
tin c y
(gi s
tin c y l 95%)

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10

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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B m Continue v b m OK

h p h i tho i ban

u, k t qu thu

c nh sau:

Descriptive Statistics
N
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Valid N (listwise)

200
200

Minimum
10750

Maximum
82500

Mean
33224.00

Std. Deviation
12932.72

One-Sample Statistics
N
Thu nhap nam (trieu)

200

Mean
33224.00

Std. Deviation
12932.72

Std. Error Mean

914.48

One-Sample Test

Thu nhap nam (trieu)

t
1.34

df
199

Test Value = 32000

95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Mean
Difference
Lower
Upper
1224.00
-579.32
3027.32

Sig.
(2-tailed)
.182

Gi tr t-student
= 1,34

Gi tr p-value
=0,182>0,05

T i cc bi u trn, ta c th bi t gi tr trung bnh,

l ch chu n c a m u. Ngoi ra t=1,34 nn
ch p nh n H1.
p-value=0,182>0,05 nn chng ta ch a c c s
bc b H0 hay ch a c c s
Ki m

nh tham s trung bnh hai m u (hai m u

c l p)

Gi s ta mu n so snh thu nh p trung bnh gi a nh ng ng

th c khc nhau hay khng, ta c gi thi t:

i c gi i tnh nam v n trn t ng

H0: Thu nh p trung bnh c a ng

i nam v ng

i n b ng nhau trn t ng th

H1: Thu nh p trung bnh c a ng

i nam v ng

i n khng b ng nhau trn t ng th

Nh n Analyze Compare Means Independent sample t-test.

Ch n bi n thunhap vo Test Variables v bi n gioitinh vo Grouping Variable

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11

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Nh n vo Define Groups
nh ngh a cc nhm v i
Nam=1 v N = 0

Nh n vo Define Groups
nh ngh a cc nhm v i
Nam=1 v N = 0

K t qu nh sau
Group Statistics
Thu nhap nam (trieu)

Gioi tinh
Nam
Nu

Mean
37053.23
26976.32

124
76

Std. Deviation
13962.42
7763.42

Std. Error Mean

1253.86
890.52

Trung bnh ng i c
gi i tnh l Nam

Trung bnh ng i c
gi i tnh l N
Independent Samples Test
Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances

Thu
nhap
nam
(trieu)

Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed

t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper

df

Sig.
(2-ta
iled)

5.77

198

.000

10076.91

1747.75

6630

13524

6.55

196.4

.000

10076.91

1537.92

7044

13110

Sig.

17

.000

N u sig. trong ki m nh ph ng sai<0,05 th

ph ng sai gi a hai m u khng b ng nhau,
ta s dng k t qu ki m nh t dng th 2

Mean
Difference

Gi tr t c a
ki m nh

Std. Error
Difference

p-value c a
gi tr t

Ki m nh Leneves (gi thi t H0: ph ng sai c a hai m u (bi n) b ng nhau, H1: ph ng sai
c a hai m u (bi n) khng b ng nhau) s cho php ki m nh ph ng sai hai m u c b ng nhau
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12

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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hay khng, trong tr ng h p ny n u sig. c a F (trong th ng k Leneves) < 0,05 ta bc b H0,

ch p nh n H1 ngh a l ph ng sai c a hai m u khng b ng nhau, do v y gi tr t m ta ph i tham
chi u l gi tr t dng th 2. Ng c l i n u sig. >0,05 th ph ng sai c a hai m u b ng nhau, ta
s dng k t qu ki m nh t dng th nh t.
i v i ki m nh t, ta nh n th y r ng t=6,55 v p-value = 0,000<0,05 n m ta c th bc b H0
v ch p nh n H1, c ngh a l thu nh p trung bnh gi a ng i nam v n s khc nhau.
Ki m

nh tham s trung bnh hai m u (hai m u ph thu c)

Nh n Analyze Compare Means Paired sample t-test. Ch n bi n c n phn tch vo

Paired Variables.

Nh n Option
thi t t
tin c y
(gi s
tin c y l 95%)

K t qu :
Paired Samples Statistics
Pair
1

Mean
42.9333
44.1333

TRUOCQC
SAUQC

N
15
15

Std. Deviation
30.6419
28.1422

Std. Error Mean

7.9117
7.2663

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

Pair 1

TRUOCQC - SAUQC

Gi tr
cl
(gi i h n d

Mean
-1.200

ng
i)

Std.
Deviation
5.7842

Std.
Error
Mean
1.4935

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
-4.4032
2.0032

Gi tr
c l ng
(gi i h n trn)

t
-.803

Gi tr t-student
= -0,803

V gi tr t=-0,803 v p-value = 0,435>0,05 nn chng ta ch a c c s

ch a c c s
ch p nh n H1.

df
14

Sig.
(2-tailed)
.435

Gi tr p-value
=0,435>0,05

bc b H0 t c l

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13

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Phn tch ph

ng sai (Analysis of variance ANOVA)

Gi s chng ta mu n so snh thu nh p trung bnh c a cc i t ng lm trong nh ng l nh v c

d ch v - th ng m i, xy d ng v cng nghi p c khc nhau hay khng. Gi thi t v i thi t s
l:
H0: Thu nh p trung bnh c a nh ng ng
v cng nghi p b ng nhau

i lm trong l nh v c d ch v - th

ng m i, xy d ng

H1: Thu nh p trung bnh c a ng i lm trong l nh v c d ch v - th ng m i, xy d ng v cng

nghi p khng b ng nhau (c ngh a l t n t i t nh t m t thu nh p trung bnh c a m t ngnh
khc v i t nh t m t thu nh p trung bnh c a hai ngnh cn l i)
Nh n Analyze Compare Means One-way ANOVA.
Ch n bi n c n phn tch ( nh l

ng) vo Dependent List v bi n phn lo i vo Factor

Nh n Post Hoc
ch n lo i ki m nh nh m xc nh c th s khc bi t gi a cc nhm
(nhm no khc v i nhm no). Chng ta c th ch n Bonferroni ho c Tukeys-b (hai th ng k
ny u cho ra cng m t k t qu ).
N u ph ng sai gi a cc nhm c n so snh khng b ng nhau, chng ta ch n Tamhanes T2
( ng d ng cho ki m nh t t ng c p n u ph ng sai c a chng khng b ng nhau).

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14

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Nh n Continue, nh n Option

thi t

Trong Homogeneity-of-variance
plot lm cho hnh minh h a.

t cc l a ch n.

ki m

nh s b ng nhau ph

ng sai cc nhm, Means

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Levene Statistic

df1

df2

.414

V Sig. >0,05 nn ta c th kh ng
i u ki n c a phn tch ANOVA.

nh l ph

Sig.
197

.661

ng sai c a cc nhm l b ng nhau, th a mn

ANOVA
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

Sum of Squares
87185676.623
33196619123.377
33283804800.000

df
2
197
199

Mean Square
43592838.312
168510756.971

V i F=0,259 v p-value = 0,772>0,05 nn ch a c c s

ch p nh p H1

F
.259

Sig.
.772

bc b H0 hay ch a c c s

Trong cc tr ng h p khc, n u ta bc b H0 v ch p nh n H1, v i th ng k Bonferonni ta c

th bi t
c s khc nhau t ng c p c a cc tham s trung bnh.
Means plots

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15

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Mean of Thu nhap nam (trieu)

34000

33000

32000
Dich vu thuong mai

Xay dung

Cong nghiep

Loai hinh doanh nghiep

H i quy tuy n tnh

Gi s chng ta mong mu n tm m i t ng quan gi a hai bi n n m lm vi c (bi n
nh p hng n m (bi n ph thu c) trn t ng th , chng ta s th c hi n nh th no.
V s

c l p) v thu

, ki m tra b ng th gic m i quan h

Vo Graphs, nh n Scatter

Ch n Simple v b m Define

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16

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Ch n cc bi n vo Y Axis (bi n ph thu c) v X Axis (bi n

c l p), b m OK

100000

80000

Thu nhap nam (trieu)

60000

40000

20000

0
6

10

12

14

16

18

20

Nam lam viec

Chng ta c th xem
chut.

ng h i quy l thuy t c a dy d li u b ng cch click hai l n vo

Sau khi m t mn hnh m i hi n ra, vo Chart Option, h i h i tho i ti p theo s hi n ra

B m OK H i h i tho i s l:

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17

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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B m Fit Options ch n Linear regression

B m Continue v OK
100000

80000

Thu nhap nam (trieu)

60000

40000

20000

0
6

10

12

14

16

18

20

Nam lam viec

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18

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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R rng trn hnh v bn, ta c th hnh dung c m i quan h tuy n tnh (theo
ng th ng) gi a
s n m lm vi c v thu nh p/n m.
ki m tra m t cch chnh xc, ta th c hi n thao tc h i quy.
Vo Analyze v Regression ch n cc bi n vo cc t

ng ng

ANOVAb
Model
1

Sum of Squares
449.294
1250.926
1700.220

Regression
Residual
Total

df
1
198
199

Mean Square
449.294
6.318

F
71.115

Sig.
.000a

a. Predictors: (Constant), Thu nhap nam (trieu)

b. Dependent Variable: Nam lam viec

V F=71,115 v p-value=0,000 nn chng ta c th kh ng nh t n t o m hnh hay t n t i m i

quan h gi a hai bi n n m lm vi c v thu nh p trn t ng th .
Model Summary
Model
1

.514a

R Square
.264

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

.261

2.51

a. Predictors: (Constant), Thu nhap nam (trieu)

Ta c:
-

H s t

H s t

ng quan R

ng quan R o l

H s xc
tuy n tnh

nh R

H s xc

ng m c

nh gi m c

nh R2

ng quan gi a hai bi n

ph h p c a m hnh th hi n m i quan h t

ng quan

R2 = 0,264 c ngh a l bi n s n m lm vi c s gi i thch 26,4% thu nh p/ n m c a nhn vin

(cn l i l nh ng bi n s khc).
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19

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Ta c R2a =0,261, ta c th k t lu n m i quah h gi a hai bi n ny r t y u v R2a =0,261<0,3.

-N u

R <0,3

-N u

R2 <0,1

ng quan

m c th p
m c trung bnh

-N u

0,3

R <0,5

-N u

0,1

R2 <0,25

ng quan

-N u

0,5

R <0,7

-N u

0,25

R2 <0,5

-N u
-N u

0,7
0,9

R <0,9

-N u

-N u

0,5

ng quan kh ch t ch

ng quan ch t ch

ng quan r t ch t ch

R <0,8

0,8

Coefficientsa

Model
1

Unstandardized Coefficients
B
Std. Error
9.970
.491
1.162E-04
.000

(Constant)
Thu nhap nam (trieu)

Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.514

t
20.304
8.433

Sig.
.000
.000

a. Dependent Variable: Nam lam viec

B ng coefficient cho php chng ta ki m nh cc h s gc trong m hnh, ta c t1 = 8,433 v pvalue = 0,000<0,05 nn ta kh ng nh t n t i m i quan h gi a hai bi n v i h s gc b1=0,00011
c ngh a l khi t ng m i n m lm vi c, thu nh p hng n m tang 110 ngn ng. Ta c th thnh
l p
c ph ng trnh h i quy nh sau:
yi = 9.870 + 0,00011xi + e
KI M NH CHI BNH PH
BI N (CROSSTABS)
Ki m

nh phn ph i (ki m

NG V TNH

C L P HAY PH

THU C GI A HAI

nh s ph h p)

Tnh hu ng: Trong m t nghin c u c tnh c a b Y t , ng i ta mong mu n ki m tra gi thuy t

r ng t n su t s d ng d ch v b nh vi n c a cc ngy trong tu n l nh nhau v gi m 25% vo
cu i tu n. M t m u g m 52 000 b nh nhn c phn ph i sau:
Ngy
Th hai
Th ba
Th t
Th n m
Th su
Th b y
Ch nh t
Khi , gi thi t v

S b nh nhn (quan st)

8623
8308
8420
9032
8754
4361
4502
52000

S b nh nhn (l thuy t)
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
6000
6000
52000

i thi t:

H0: Nhu c u khm ch a b nh l nh nhau

tu n

t t c cc ngy trong tu n v gi m 25% vo cu i

H1: Nhu c u ny c m t d ng phn ph i khc

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20

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Ki m nh chi bnh ph ng v tnh ch t c l p hay ph thu c (ki m

ki m nh m i quan h gi a hai bi n bi u danh)
Ng i ta dng ki m nh Chi bnh ph
th t ). C m t s ch nh sau:
-

ng

ki m

nh hng c t hay

nh s k t h p gi a bai bi n (bi u danh ho c

c thi t l p xc nh c hay khng m t m i lin h gi a hai bi n, nh ng n khng ch

ra
c c ng
c a m i lin h . Trong tr ng h p ny, c n s d ng cc o l ng k t
h p.
2

cho php tm ra nh ng m i lin h phi tuy n tnh gi a hai bi n.

- V i ki m nh Chi bnh ph ng, ta thnh l p

c cc b ng cho. H s V Cramer
c p
d ng cho t t c cc lo i b ng cho v i k l chi u b nh t c a b ng cho. C ng
c a n bi n
2
ng t 0 n 1.
V

n(k 1)

Gi s ta ch n phn tch tnh c l p gi a hai bi n nh tnh quy m doanh nghi p (quymo) v

lo i hnh kinh doanh (loaihinh). Cc b c ti n hnh nh sau:
H0: Hai bi n quy m doanh nghi p v lo i hnh doanh kinh

c l p v i nhau trn t ng th

H1: Hai bi n quy m doanh nghi p v lo i hnh doanh kinh ph thu c v i nhau trn t ng th
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21

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Vo Descriptives statistics Crosstab ch n cc bi n vo cc t

B m Statistics

ng ng

thi t l p cc th ng k

Gi tr ki m
Chi bnh ph

B m Cells

nh
ng

Gi tr ki m nh
p-value

thi t l p cc t l ph n tr m theo dng, c t hay t ng c ng

Chi-Square Tests

Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases

Value
38.665a
50.910
36.280

df

Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

2
2

.000
.000

.000

104

a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.92.

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22

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Loai hinh doanh nghiep * Quy mo doanh nghiep Crosstabulation

Loai hinh
doanh nghiep

Dich vu thuong mai

Xay dung

Cong nghiep

Total

Quy mo doanh nghiep

vua va nho
lon
11
26
22.1
14.9
10.6%
25.0%
16
16
19.1
12.9
15.4%
15.4%
35
0
20.9
14.1
33.7%
.0%
62
42
62.0
42.0
59.6%
40.4%

Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total

Total
37
37.0
35.6%
32
32.0
30.8%
35
35.0
33.7%
104
104.0
100.0%

Symmetric Measures
Value
Nominal by
Nominal

Phi
Cramer's V

Approx. Sig.
.610
.610
104

N of Valid Cases

.000
.000

a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.

b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.

Trong ki m ny, ta th y gi tr Chi bnh ph ng = 38,665 v p-value=0,000<0,05 nn ta bc b

H0 v ch p nh n H1 t c hai bi n ph thu c l n nhau trn t ng th .
H s Phi = 0,61 kh ng
KI M

nh m i quan h gi a hai bi n ny kh ch t ch .

NH PHI THAM S

Ki m nh hai m u ph thu c (Wilcoxon, ki m nh d u, ki m

V i v d v nh gi hai lo i kem trn, ta cgi thi t:
V i gi thi t v

i thi t l:

H0: Khng c s khc bi t trong m c

H1: C s khc bi t trong m c
Cc b

nh Nemar)

a chu ng gi a A, B trong t ng th

a chu ng gi a A, B trong t ng th

c th c hi n nh sau:

Vo Analyze Nonparametric Tests - 2 Related Samples

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23

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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K t qu thu

c:
Ranks
N

B-A

2a
5b
2c
9

Negative Ranks
Positive Ranks
Ties
Total

Mean Rank
1.50
5.00

Sum of Ranks
3.00
25.00

a. B < A
b. B > A
c. A = B

Test Statistics

B-A
-1.876a
.061

Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
a. Based on negative ranks.
b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

Nhn vo b ng trn ta c th d dng di n gi i d li u, v i Z = -1,876 v p-value=0,61>0,05

nn ta ch a c c s
bc b H0 t c ch a c c s
ch p nh n H1 hay ch a c c s
kh ng
nh c s khc bi t trong m c
a chu ng gi a A, B trong t ng th .
Ch : Ki m
Ki m

n d u v Nemar c th th c hi n t

ng t

nh nhi u h n hai m u ph thu c (Friedman, Kendalls W, Cochrans Q)

Trong tr ng h p gi ng nh v d
ph m A, B, C, khi
KH
1
2
3

tr

Kem A
4
5
2

ng h p ki m

nh wilcoxon, nhung by gi ta c 3 s n
Kem B
3
5
5

Kem C
5
5
5

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24

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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4
5
6
7
8
9

3
3
1
3
2
2

2
5
5
3
5
5

5
5
5
5
5
5

Vo Analyze Nonparametric Test K Related Samples ch n cc bi n vo phn tch

K t qu :
Ranks
Mean Rank
A
B
C

1.39
2.00
2.61

Test Statistics

N
Chi-Square
df
Asymp. Sig.

9
9.308
2
.010

a. Friedman Test

V i Chi bnh ph ng = 9,308 v p-value=0,01<0,05 nn ta bc b H0 t c ch p nh n H1 hay

c s khc bi t trong m c
a chu ng gi a A, B, C trong t ng th .
Ki m

nh cho hai m u

c l p (Mann-Whitney U)

Tnh hu ng: C hai lo i my n Toshiba v Yamaha ang tiu th t i Vi t Nam, m t nh phn

ph i mu n ki m tra m c
tiu hao nguyn v t li u c a hai lo i s n ph m ny.
Nh phn ph i g p cc khch hng s d ng hai lo i s n ph m, ti n hnh i u tra m c tiu hao
nguyn v t li u, t ng s khch hng i u tra l 18 ng i trong 10 ng i s d ng s n ph m
Toshiba v 10 ng i s d ng s n ph m Yamaha, k t qu thu
c nh sau:
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25

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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KH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Toshiba
4000
3800
4600
4300
5000
5300
4900
4700
4000
5200

Yamaha
4200
4300
3400
3500
3800
4200
4300
3400

Vo Analyze Nonparametric Test 2 Independent Samples ch n cc bi n vo phn tch

Nh n Grouping Define

nh ngh a cc bi n

K t qu nh sau
Ranks
TIEUHAO

NHANHIEU
Toshiba
Yamaha
Total

N
10
8
18

Mean Rank
12.15
6.19

Sum of Ranks
121.50
49.50

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26

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Test Statistics b
TIEUHAO
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]

13.500
49.500
-2.364
.018
.016a

a. Not corrected for ties.

b. Grouping Variable: NHANHIEU

Ta th y gi tr Mann-Whitney U = 13,5, gi tr Z = -2,363 v p-value=0,18 nn ta bc b H0, ch p

nh n H1 t c l c s khc nhau v m c tiu hao nhin li u trung bnh c a hai lo i s n ph m l
khc nhau.
Ki m

nh nhi u h n hai m u

c l p (Kruskal-Wallis H)

Gi s nh chng ta c 3 nhm s n ph m (thm m t s n ph m c a hng Sonix), cch th c th c

hi n nh sau:
Vo Analyze Nonparametric Test K Independent Samples ch n cc bi n vo phn tch

Vo Grouping Variable
nh ngh a bi n, hi n t i chng ta c 3 bi n, chng ta t gi tr
maximum l 3, n u chng ta so snh 2 bi n th chng ta nh s 2 (gi tr 1, 2, hay 3 ph thu c
vo cc nh ngh a value label c a bi n nhanhieu.

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27

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn

H ng d n s d ng SPSS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ranks
TIEUHAO

NHANHIEU
Toshiba
Yamaha
3
Total

Mean Rank
10
8
8
26

Test Statistics

18.55
9.63
11.06

a,b

TIEUHAO
Chi-Square
df
Asymp. Sig.

7.318
2
.026

a. Kruskal Wallis Test

b. Grouping Variable: NHANHIEU

Ta th y gi tr Chi bnh ph ng = 7,318 v p-value=0,026 nn ta bc b H0, ch p nh n H1 t c l

c s khc nhau v m c tiu hao nhin li u trung bnh c a ba lo i s n ph m l khc nhau.

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28

L V n Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn