Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

P N CHI TIT CHO THI TUYN SINH H C NM 2009 MN HA HC M 825

Cho bit khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t : H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Ba=137; Pb = 207. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40) Cu 1 : Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l A. 240. p n C. Phn tch bi: Cho hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch hn hp cha H+ v NO -3 cn kt hp phng php Bo ton electron in tch v s dng Phng trnh ion thu gn trong gii ton. Hng dn gii: D dng nhm c n Fe = 0,02 mol; n Cu = 0,03 mol v n e cho ti a = 0,12 mol
Thay vo pt ion thu gn: 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O

B. 120.

C. 360.

D. 400.

ta d dng nhn thy H+ v NO -3 cn d, do kim loi tan ht thnh Fe3+ v Cu2+

n H+ d = 0,4 0,5 2 - 0,12 4 = 0,24 mol = n OH- cn trung ha 3

Kt ta thu c l Fe(OH)3 v Cu(OH)2 m theo Bo ton in tch th:

n OH- trong kt ta = n in tch dng ca ion kim loi = n e cho = 0,12 mol

Do , n OH Nhn xt: -

cn

= 0,24 + 0,12 = 0,36 mol

V = 360 ml

Bi tp v phng php Bo ton electron kt hp vi Bo ton in tch v s dng phng trnh ion thu gn thuc loi bi tp kh trong chng trnh ph thng. Tuy nhin, bi ny vn cn kh truyn thng v kh hin, c nhiu cch khin bi ton tr nn lt lo hn nh: Cho H+ v NO -3 khng d, dung dch thu c c Fe2+, Fe3+ v Cu2+ +
+ +

Dung dch kim dng Ba(OH)2 c thm kt ta BaSO4 ..

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

V p n gy nhiu th p n 120 ml l hp l (dng trong trng hp th sinh qun khng tnh ti OH- tham gia phn ng trung ha), c th thay p n 240 ml bng p n 100 ml (do V ti thiu nn th sinh c th ngh n chuyn Fe(OH)2 0,02 mol v Cu(OH)2 0,03 mol)

Cu 2 : X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H2SO4 c 1400C, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l A. 18,00. p n B. Phn tch bi: Nhn thy 2 este ny l ng phn ca nhau c cng M v d dng tnh c s mol. Hng dn gii: Ta c n este =
66, 6 = 0,9 mol = n ru 74
o

B. 8,10.

C. 16,20.

D. 4,05.

H2 SO4 , 140 C 1Ete + 1H2 O Phn ng tch nc to ete c t l: 2Ru

Do , n H2 O = Nhn xt: -

1 n ru = 0,45 mol 2

m = 18 0,45 = 8,1g (gi tr ny c th nhm c)

bi ny cng kh hin, c th bin bi ton tr nn lt lo hn bng cch thay iu kin 1400C bng 1800C, khi CH3OH l 1 ru khng tch nc to anken c, nu th sinh ch quan ch vit ptp dng tng qut nh trn th rt d b mc phi sai st v chn phi p n nhiu p n gy nhiu ca cu hi ny kh ty tin, cc gi tr 18 v 4,05 hi v ngha v d dng loi tr (ngi ra c chia i ra p n nhiu), p n nhiu nht nm gi tr 16,2 kh nhiu em chn phi p n ny. A. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui. B. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2. C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2. D. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2.

Cu 3: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ha hc?

p n D. Ion Fe2+ c tnh oxh cha mnh phn ng vi H2S (nu l Fe3+ mi c phn ng), kt ta FeS tan trong HCl, do , phn ng D khng xy ra theo c hng oxh kh v trao i. Nhn xt:

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Cu hi ny kh hay v rng. Cc p n nhiu kh hay, nhm vo cc phn ng khc nhau, trong c s so snh c ngui long ngui v CuCl2 FeCl2. p n t nhiu nht l p n B. Cu 4: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l: A. I, II v III. p n C. y l mt cu hi c bn v n mn in ha, c 3 iu kin ca n mn in ha hi . Do ta ch vic p dng nguyn tc chung l: nguyn t c tnh kh mnh hn ng vai tr l cc m v b n mn. (ch l phi hiu c bn cht oxh kh ca n mn in ha, mt s em hiu mt cch m h l kim loi hot ng hn b n mn th s lng tng vi cp Fe C v C khng c trong dy hot ng ca kim loi) Nhn xt: Cu hi ny khng kh nhng cng kh hay. Cu 5: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H2O v 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H2 trong X l A. 65,00%. p n B. Hng dn gii: p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t - quy i ta s thy t chy hn hp Y = t chy hn hp X, do ta coi nh sn phm t chy Y l t phn ng t chy X (quy i) Do HCHO cha 1C nn n HCHO = n CO2 = (HCHO khi chy cho n H2O = nCO2 ) Do , %VH2 = Nhn xt: Cu hi ny kh quen thuc v n gin, tng t nh cc bi tp hiro ha hn hp hirocacbon khng no ri t chy. (nu bi cho anehit khc th cn thm 1 php tnh tm s mol ca anehit). Cu 6: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v Al2O3; Cu v FeCl3; BaCl2 v CuSO4; Ba v NaHCO3. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong nc (d) ch to ra dung dch l A. 4. p n C.
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B. I, II v IV.

C. I, III v IV.

D. II, III v IV.

B. 46,15%.

C. 35,00%

D. 53,85%.

7,84 11,7 = 0,35 mol v n H2 = - 0,35 = 0,3 mol 22,4 18

0,3 100% 46,15% (gi tr ny c th c lng c) 0,3 + 0,35

B. 2.

C. 1.

D. 3.

Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Ch duy nht cp Na2O v Al2O3 tha mn iu kin cho (NaAlO2 c t l Na:Al = 1:1). Cc trng hp BaSO4 v BaCO3 u c to ra kt ta. Cu khng th tan ht trong dung dch FeCl3 c cng s mol. Nhn xt: Cu hi ny thc ra khng kh nhng nu th sinh khng ch ti chi tit s mol bng nhau th rt d chn nhm thnh p n B. 2 v s tnh thm cp: Cu v FeCl3 (ch tan nu t l s mol Cu : FeCl3 = 1 : 2). y l mt kinh nghim quan trng khi thi, cn phi rt ch ti cc d kin thiu, d, ti thiu, ti a, va , bng nhau, Nh d kin s mol bng nhau m cu hi tr nn hay hn v c tnh phn loi hn.

Cu 7: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2. C. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2. p n D. Phn tch bi: do bi cung cp c khi lng v s mol ca hn hp nn ta d dng thy bi ton phi lm bng Phng php Trung bnh (bin lun CTPT) kt hp vi Phng php ng cho (tnh), ch chi tit c cng s nguyn t C Hng dn gii: B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4. D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.

Cc em ch chiu suy ra ca mi tn! Ta c th vit chung trn cng 1 s ny 2 : t M trung bnh CTPT v t M trung bnh s mol.
*

Ngoi cch lm trn, ta cn c th lm bng cch th thay gi tr ca tng p n kim chng s

liu.

Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp kh c bn v Phng php Trung bnh, th sinh c th d dng loi b p n A v C (2 p n nhiu kh v duyn). Vic tnh s mol bng ng cho thay cho gii h phng trnh gip tit kim ng k thi gian lm bi. Cu 8: X phng ha hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l A. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5. C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7. p n D.
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B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5. D. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5.

Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Phn tch bi: d dng thy bi ton c th phi s dng Phng php Bo ton khi lng (bit khi lng ca 3 trong 4 cht trong phn ng), ch l c 4 p n u cho thy 2 este cho l no, n chc (Phng php Chn ngu nhin) Phng php truyn thng: p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c: m NaOH = m mui + m ru - m este = 1g
n NaOH = 1 = 0,025 mol = n ru = n mui = n este (este n chc) 40

Do , M mui = v M ru =

2, 05 = 82 0, 025

axit trong este l CH 3COOH 2 ru trong este l CH 3OH v C 2 H 5 OH

0, 94 = 37, 6 0, 025

hoc thay 2 bc tnh M mui v M ru bng:

M este = 1,99 = 79,6 0,025 2 este phi l C 3 H 6 O 2 v C 4 H 8O 2

Cn c vo 4 p n th ch c D l tha mn. Phng php kinh nghim: T d kin 2,05g ta c th kt lun ngay axit trong este l CH3COOH (kinh nghim) hoc chia th tm s mol chn (CH3COONa c M = 82)
n este = n mui = 0,025 mol (este n chc)

M este =

1,99 = 79,6 2 este phi l C 3 H 6 O 2 v C 4 H 8O 2 2 ru l CH 3OH v C 2 H 5 OH 0,025

Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp kh c bn v phn ng x phng ha este v tng xut hin nhiu trong cc thi H nhng nm trc y. Do , c th nh gi bi tp ny l khng kh. cch lm th nht, nu tm Meste th c th tm c ngay p n m khng cn tnh
M mui , do , p n nhiu nn c thm HCOOC2H5 v HCOOC3H7 (thay cho p n B) p th sinh phi tm CTPT ca mui.

Cu 9: Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m1 gam mui Y. Cng 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m2 gam mui Z. Bit m2 m1=7,5. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C4H10O2N2. p n B. Phn tch bi: bi tp phn ng ca aminoaxit vi dung dch kim hoc axit c cho bit khi lng ca mui to thnh th ta thng p dng Phng php Tng gim khi lng. Phng php truyn thng: vukhacngoc@gmail.com
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B. C5H9O4N.

C. C4H8O4N2.

D. C5H11O2N.

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Gi CTPT ca X dng (H2N)a-R-(COOH)b

+ HCl ( ClH 3 N )a R ( COOH )b khi lng tng 36,5a gam + NaOH ( H 2 N )a R ( COONa )b khi lng tng 22b gam

Do , 22b 36,5a = 7,5 a = 1 v b = 2 X c 2 nguyn t N v 4 nguyn t O Phng php kinh nghim: Ta thy 1 mol NH2 1 mol NH3Cl th khi lng tng 36,5g 1 mol COOH 1 mol COONa th khi lng tng 22g th m bi li cho m2 > m1 s nhm COOH phi nhiu hn s nhm NH2
Cng c th suy lun rng: 7,5 l 1 s l (0,5) nn s nhm NH2 phi l 1 s l, d dng loi c p n C v D.
*

T 4 p n, suy ra kt qu ng phi l B. Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp kh c bn v n gin v Phng php tng gim khi lng, tng ca bi ton kh hay ch tic l p n nhiu cha thc s tt, cc p n A, C, D u c th loi d dng nu suy lun theo phng php kinh nghim, c th thay bng cc p n khc nh: C4H11O4N, C4H9O4N, C6H13O4N, th s hay hn rt nhiu. Cu 10: Ha tan ht m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X, thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th cng thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 20,125. p n B. Phn tch bi: bi tp v phn ng ca ion Zn2+ vi dung dch kim cn ch n tnh lng tnh ca Zn(OH)2 v nn vit phn ng ln lt theo tng bc. y, lng KOH trong 2 trng hp l khc nhau nhng lng kt ta li bng nhau Zn bo ton th trng hp 1, sn phm sinh ra gm Zn(OH)2 v Zn2+ d, cn trng hp th 2, sn phm sinh ra gm Zn(OH)2 v ZnO 22 .
2+

B. 12,375.

C. 22,540.

D. 17,710.

Hng dn gii: Cch 1: Tnh ln lt theo tng bc phn ng. c 2 trng hp, ta u c phn ng to thnh kt ta: Zn 2+ + 2OH - Zn(OH)2 (1) vi n Zn2+ =
1 0,11 2 n OH- = = 0,11 mol 2 2

2 trng hp 2, cn c thm phn ng to ra ion zincat: Zn 2+ + 4OH - ZnO 2 (2)

vi n Zn2+ =

1 (0,14 - 0,11) 2 n OH- (2) = = 0,015 mol 4 4

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Do , n Zn2+ = 0,125 mol = n ZnSO4 Cch 2: Tnh theo cng thc.

m = 161 0,125 = 20,125g

T phn ng (1), ta thy, trong trng hp 1, n OH- (TH1) = 2n Zn(OH)2 trng hp 2, ta c: n OH- (TH2) = 4n Zn2+ - 2n Zn(OH)2 (4) Cng 2 v ca phng trnh (3) v (4), ta c:

(3)

n OH- (TH1) + n OH- (TH2) = 4n Zn2+ = (0,11 + 0,14) 2 = 0,5 mol n Zn2+ = 0,125 mol = n ZnSO4

Do , m = 20,125g Phng php kinh nghim: V trng hp 1 KOH thiu, trng hp 2 KOH li d (so vi phn ng to kt ta), do , s mol ZnSO4 phi nm trong khong (0,11;0,14) v khi lng ZnSO4 tng ng phi nm trong khong (17,71;20,125). Xt c 4 p n th ch c B l tha mn.
*

Cch ngh ny cho php tm ra kt qu m hon ton khng cn phi tnh ton g ng k!!!

Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp kh quen thuc v kim loi c oxit v hiroxit lng tnh, nu c hng dn v rn luyn tt th thc s khng qu kh, iu quan trng nht l xc nh c ng qu trnh v sn phm ca phn ng sinh ra trong mi trng hp. p n nhiu ca cu hi cha thc s tt, l ra nn chn cc gi tr nm trong khong (17,71; 22,54) nh phn tch trn. p n 12,375 thc s l rt v duyn khi s mol tng ng, thm ch cn rt l !!? Cu 11: Hirocacbon X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nhit thng. Tn gi ca X l A. etilen. p n C. y l mt cu hi l thuyt kh c bn v n gin, c th xem l mt cu cho im. (A v D c phn ng cng vo ni i, B c phn ng cng m vng) Cu 12: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l A. 0,8 gam. p n D. Phn tch bi: bi tp phn ng kh oxit kim loi bng cht kh v cho bit khi lng cht rn trc v sau phn ng thng lm bng phng php Tng gim khi lng, trong bi tp ny cn ch chi tit: Al2O3 khng b kh bi cc cht kh thng thng nh CO. Phng php t n gii h phng trnh: Gi s mol 2 cht trong hn hp u l a v b.
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B. xiclopropan.

C. xiclohexan

D. stiren.

B. 8,3 gam.

C. 2,0 gam.

D. 4,0 gam.

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

m trc = 80a + 102b = 9,1g msau = 64a + 102b = 8,3g

a = b = 0,05 mol mCuO = 4g

Phng php Tng gim khi lng: Ta c: m gim = m O trong CuO = 9,1 - 8,3 = 0,8g n O = n Cu = 0,05 mol m CuO = 4g (nhm) Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp kh c bn v n gin v Phng php tng gim khi lng. Tuy nhin, bi khng kho , l ra c th sa i s liu v cho thm p n nhiu nh vo chi tit nhy cm ca bi ton l Al2O3 khng b kh bi CO th s la c nhiu th sinh hn ^^. Cu 13: un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp gm cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hai ancol l A. CH3OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH. C. CH3OH v C3H7OH. p n A. Phn tch bi: ete n chc, mch h khi t chy cho n CO2 = n H2O = 0,4 mol (nhm) ete khng no, 1 ni i loi ngay p n C v D. Phng php truyn thng: p dng bo ton nguyn t v khi lng, ta c:
m O = 7,2 - m C - m H = 1,6g n O = n ete = 0,1 mol (ete n chc) M ete = 72 (C 4 H 8O)

B. C2H5OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH. D. C2H5OH v CH3OH.

Do , p n ng l A. Phng php kinh nghim: bi mun thng qua phn ng t chy ca 1 ete tm CTCT ca c 2 ru ete phi c to thnh t c 2 ru p n A l ete CH3-O-CH2-CH=CH2 (M = 72) v p n B l ete C2H5-O-CH2-CH=CH2 (M = 86), d dng thy ch c A l cho s mol ete trn (0,1 mol) Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp kh c bn v quen thuc v ete (thy cho lm mt bi y ht lp hc thm). p n nhiu bi ny cha tht tt khi th sinh d dng loi p n C v D v c th m c mt cch d dng bng phng php kinh nghim. Cu 14: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l A. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS. C. FeS, BaSO4, KOH. p n B. Cu hi ny tng i d, phn ln th sinh s lm bng phng php loi tr: loi A v c CuS, loi C v BaSO4 v loi D v KNO3. Tuy nhin, c th c nhiu th sinh s phi bn khon v
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B. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO. D. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3.

Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

trng hp HCOONa, y l phn ng theo kiu axit mnh y axit yu ra khi dung dch mui (to ra cht in ly yu hn). Cu 15: Cho phng trnh ha hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ha hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s ca HNO3 l A. 46x 18y. p n A. Phng php truyn thng: p dng phng php cn bng electron, ta c:
3Fe
+8 3

B. 45x 18y.

C. 13x 9y.

D. 23x 9y.

3Fe +3 + e

(5x - 2y)

xN +5 + (5x-2y) N x O y 1

p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t N, ta c:

n N trong HNO3 = n N trong mui + n N trong N x Oy = 3 3 (5x-2y) + x = 46x - 18y

Phng php kinh nghim: Mt s bn c th suy lun: h s ca H2O l s nguyn th h s ca HNO3 phi l s chn, xt c 4 p n th ch c A l tha mn. Cch ngh ny cho php tm ra kt qu m hon ton khng cn phi tnh ton g!!! Tuy nhin, cch ngh ny hon ton sai v n ch may mn ng trong trng hp ny! Thc ra c 3 p n (45x 18y, 13x 9y, 23x 9y) u c th l s chn. Nhn xt: Cn bng phn ng l mt k nng c bn ca Ha hc, tuy nhin, phng trnh cha ch l mt bi tp tng i kh trong s cc bi tp v cn bng ptp. Nu lm theo cch cn bng thng thng th p n nhiu ca cu hi ny ny cng tng i tt, p n B l trng hp th sinh ch tnh N trong mui m qun mt N trong NxOy, p n D cng rt nhiu th sinh b nhm ln do rt gn c s nguyn, ti gin. Ch , h s ca NxOy lun l 1, khng th rt gn. Mt khc, nu nh gi theo phng php kinh nghim th p n nhiu ca cu hi ny li khng thc s tt. Mun cu hi tr ln kh hn ta c th thay Fe3O4 bng mt cht kh khc, v d Zn, Fe v s dng nhiu p n nhiu c nhiu h s chn hn th th sinh th khng th suy lun n gin theo kiu chn l nh phng php kinh nghim trn c na.

Cu 16: X phng ha mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C10H14O6 trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca ba mui l: A. CH2=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CHC-COONa. B. CH3-COONa, HCOONa v CH3-CH=CH-COONa. vukhacngoc@gmail.com http://my.opera.com/saobanglanhgia
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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

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C. HCOONa, CHC-COONa v CH3-CH2-COONa. D. CH2=CH-COONa, CH3-CH2-COONa v HCOONa. p n D. p dng cng thc tnh bt bo ha, ta d dng c k = 4, trong c 3 lin kt 3 gc COO-, chng t c 1 gc axit l khng no, 1 ni i. T d dng loi p n A v C. Do 3 mui khng c ng phn hnh hc nn p n ng l D. Nhn xt: Cu hi ny hay v kh c bn trong cc bi tp v xc nh CTCT ca este, y, tc gi cn kho lo a vo cu hi iu kin c ng phn hnh hc. Cu 17: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO2 sinh ra hp th ht vo dung dch nc vi trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 3,4 gam so vi khi lng dung dch nc vi trong ban u. Gi tr ca m l A. 13,5. p n C. Hng dn gii: Trong bi ging v xc nh CTPT cht hu c, thy cho cc em cng thc:
mCO2 = m - mdd gim = 10 - 3,4 = 6,6g n CO2 = 0,15 mol

B. 30,0.

C. 15,0.

D. 20,0.

S phn ng ln men: C 6 H12 O 6

0,15 180 2 = 15g Do , m = 0, 9

H % = 90% 2CO 2

Nhn xt: Bi tp v phn ng ln men ru c lin quan n hiu sut l dng bi tp c bn, quen thuc v c khoanh vng vo din thng xuyn c mt trong thi H. Do , cu hi ny khng kh nhng c th b nhm ln trong tnh ton. p n nhiu 13,5 ri vo trng hp th sinh qun khng chia cho 0,9. Nn thay 2 p n nhiu cn li bng cc p n 27 30 (trong trng hp th sinh qun khng chia 2 h s ca CO2 trong phn ng) hoc 12,15 24,3 (trong trng hp th sinh nhm ln gia chia cho 0,9 v nhn vi 0,9), p n 20 ca khng mang nhiu ngha.

Cu 18: Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton hn hp X, thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l A. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2. C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2. p n C. Hng dn gii:
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B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. D. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3.

Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

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T t l CO2 : H2O = 3 : 4 d dng suy ra CTPT trung bnh ca 2 ancol cho l C3H8Ox (no nn CTPT trng vi CT thc nghim), t d dng c p n l C (2 < 3 < 4) Nhn xt: Bi tp ny rt c bn v rt d, p n nhiu li qu hin nn cng lm cho bi ton tr nn d hn. p n B l qu v duyn so vi d kin a chc ca bi. C th thay bng p n C2H4(OH)3 v C4H8(OH)3 hoc C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)3 kim tra cc kin thc khc (iu kin ru bn, khi nim ng ng, ) th hay hn. Cu 19: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10% thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l A. 101,48 gam. p n A. Hng dn gii: Khi phn ng vi kim loi hot ng, ion H+ ca axit b kh theo phng trnh:
2H + + 2e H 2

B. 101,68 gam.

C. 97,80 gam.

D. 88,20 gam.

n H2 SO4 = n H2 =

2, 24 = 0,1 mol (phn ng va ) 22, 4

m H2 SO4 =

98 0,1 = 98g 10%

m dd sau phn ng = 98 + 3,68 - 0,1 2 = 101,48g

Nhn xt: Bi tp ny rt quen thuc v rt d, hu ht cc php tnh u c th nhm c d dng. Cu 20: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l A. KMnO4. p n B. Hng dn gii: Trong phn ng ca HCl vi cht oxh, Cl2 c th sinh ra t cht oxh v cht kh. Trong trng hp ca cu hi ny, ch c CaOCl2 l cht oxh c cha Cl. Xt ring 3 cht cn li, ta thy, vi cng mt cht kh, cng qu trnh oxh (Cl- Cl2) th s mol Cl2 nhiu nht khi cht oxh nhn nhiu e nht. Do , p n ng l K2Cr2O7 (nhn 6e). So snh vi CaOCl2, ta tm c p n ng. Nhn xt: Cu hi ny kh quen thuc (nu cc em chu kh tham kho ti liu) v tng i d nu cc em phn chia v hiu c nguyn tc trn. Nu khng hiu c nguyn tc th d sa vo vic vit ptp cho tng trng hp, mt rt nhiu thi gian. p n nhiu m nhiu em hay chn ba nht l KMnO4. cu hi tr nn kh hn, c th thay vo bng cc cht oxh c cha Cl khc nh KClO3 chng hn.
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B. K2Cr2O7.

C. CaOCl2.

D. MnO2.

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Cu hi tng t cng kh quen thuc v kh hn l: cho 1 mol mi cht S, H2S, Cu, C, Al tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng d. Cht no cho nhiu kh SO2 nht?

Cu 21: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, t0) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l A. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). C. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0). p n A. Hng dn gii: T d kin v phn ng trng gng, ta d dng c t l X : Ag = 1:2 v s mol X l anehit n chc d dng loi p n C. T d kin v phn ng Hiro ha, ta d dng c t l: X : H2 = 1:2 v s mol X c 2 lin kt , trong c 1 lin kt nhm chc -CHO gc Hocacbon ca X cn 1 lin kt (khng no, 1 ni i). Nhn xt: Cu hi ny rt d, cng l 1 cu cho im. Cu 22: Ha tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 97,98. p n B. Phn tch bi: Bi ton v kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 thu c sn phm kh th ta thng dng Phng php bo ton electron gii. Trong bi tp ny, bi cho d kin c v s mol e cho (s mol kim loi) v s mol e nhn (s mol sn phm kh c th tnh c), do , bi c v nh tha d kin. Trong nhng trng hp ny ta phi ch so snh s e cho v s e nhn, vi cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh Al, Mg, Zn th cn phi ch n s c mt ca NH4NO3 trong dung dch sau phn ng. Phng php truyn thng: D dng c nY = 0,06 mol (nhm) v nAl = 0,46 mol p dng phng php ng cho cho hn hp Y, ta c: B. 106,38. C. 38,34. D. 34,08. B. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2). D. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0).

N2 (M = 28) 18 x 2 = 36 N2O (M = 44)

*

8 8

1 1

0,03 mol 0,03 mol

C th lm theo cch khc l: nhn thy M Y = 36 =

44 + 28 N2 = N2O = 0,03 mol 2

So snh s mol e cho v e nhn, ta c:

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

n e cho = 0, 46 3 = 1,38 mol > n e nhn = 0,03 18 = 0,54 mol , do , trong dung dch phi c

NH4NO3 vi s mol tng ng l: n NH4 NO3 =

3 4 3

1,38 - 0,54 = 0,105 mol 8

Do , m = m Al + m NO + m NH NO = 12,42 + 62 1, 38 + 80 0,105 = 106,38g

Vic s dng ng cho hoc tnh cht trung bnh cng thay cho gii h phng trnh gip rt ngn ng k khi lng tnh ton trong bi.
*

Phng php kinh nghim: bi cho HNO3 d ngha l Al phi tan ht thnh Al(NO3)3, do , khi lng mui ti thiu l: mAl(NO3 )3 = 0,46 213 = 97,98g , do p n C v D chc chn b loi. Gia A v B, ta xem c NH4NO3 khng bng cch: gi s Y gm ton b l N2, khi :
n e nhn ca Y < n e nhn gi nh = 0,06 10 = 0,6 mol < n e Al cho = 1,38 mol chc chn c NH4NO3

mmui > 97,98 p n ng phi l B

Cch lm ny cho php hn ch ti a vic tnh ton, tt c hu nh u da trn suy lun v tnh nhm (khng cn tnh s mol cc kh trong Y, khng cn tnh s mol v khi lng NH4NO3)
*

Nhn xt: y l mt dng bi tp kh v c cm by chi tit c NH4NO3 tuy nhin, n cng l mt kiu bi rt quen thuc v tng c mt trong thi H khi B nm 2008, do , cu ny thc ra khng qu kh. Khi lng tnh ton cng khng thc s nhiu nu th sinh bit cch vn dng cc k nng tnh nhanh hoc phng php kinh nghim. Cu 23: Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 940,8 ml kh NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H2 bng 22. Kh NxOy v kim loi M l A. NO v Mg. p n B. Phn tch bi: Cng nh bi tp trc, bi ton v kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 thu c sn phm kh th ta thng dng Phng php bo ton electron gii. Hng dn gii: T M = 44, ta d dng suy ra kh NxOy l N2O v loi tr ngay 2 p n A v D. Khi :
n e cho = n e nhn = 0,9408 8 = 0,336 mol 22,4 M= 3, 024 = 9n n = 3 v M = 27 (Al) 0,336 n

B. N2O v Al

C. N2O v Fe.

D. NO2 v Al.

Nhn xt: Bi tp ny kh c bn trong s cc bi tp v bo ton electron trong thi, hc sinh c hc lc trung bnh vn c th lm c.
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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

V vic tm c p n N2O l kh d dng, nn l ra cu hi ch cn yu cu xc nh kim loi M, vic a thm NxOy vo p n ch gip th sinh loi tr p n A v D nhanh hn. p n A nn thay bng N2O v Mg th hay hn. Tuy nhin, c mt im ng ghi nhn v p n nhiu l tc gi kho lo chn gi tr 3,024 l bi chung ca c 27 v 56, do , nu th sinh dng kinh nghim chia cho s mol trn trong trng hp ny th c 2 p n B v C u cho ra s trn, tnh nhiu kh cao.

Cu 24: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam mui. S ng phn cu to ca X l A. 8. p n A. Phn tch bi: tng t cu 9, bi tp phn ng ca aminoaxit vi dung dch kim hoc axit c cho bit khi lng ca mui to thnh th ta thng p dng Phng php Tng gim khi lng. Hng dn gii: Vi amin n chc, 1 mol amin (v d: -NH2) khi phn ng vi HCl to thnh mui (v d NH3Cl) th khi lng tng 36,5g.
n amin = 15 - 10 36,5 M amin = m 10 = = 73 Amin l C 4 H11 N 5 n 36,5

B. 7.

C. 5.

D. 4.

p dng cng thc tnh nhanh s ng phn cht hu c, ta d dng tm ra p n ng l 8 (4 bc 1, 3 bc 2 v 1 bc 3) Nhn xt: Cu hi ny nu ch hi n xc nh CTPT th rt c bn, nhng khi tc gi lng thm yu cu v tnh s lng ng phn th s c khng t em sai, nht l ng phn ca amin c nhiu bc. Trong trng hp ny, nu cc em bit cch dng cng thc tnh s ng phn th kt qu thu c s rt nhanh v chnh xc. Cu 25: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l A. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3. C. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2. p n C. p dng nguyn tc phn ng trong dy in ha v quy tc alpha, ta thy: ion kim loi trong dung dch sau phn ng phi l nhng ion c tnh oxh yu nht (kim loi to thnh c tnh kh yu nht), 2 ion phi l Zn2+ v Fe2+. Nhn xt: Cu hi ny kh c bn v rt d, c th xem l 1 cu cho im.
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B. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2.

Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

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Cu 26: Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly vi Gly-Ala l A. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. C. dung dch HCl. p n A. Phn ng mu biure ch xy ra i vi cc peptide c t 2 lin kt peptide tr ln (to ra sn phm c mu tm c trng). Nhn xt: Cu hi ny kh d, mc d kin thc v phn ng biure khng c din gii tht r rng trong SGK v chc cng khng nhiu hc sinh quan tm nhiu n phn ng ny nhng cc em vn c th tm c p n ng nh phng php loi tr. Cu 27: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ha tan ti a m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l A. 1,92. B. 0,64. C. 3,84. D. 3,20. Phn tch bi: Tng t bi tp 1 v 22, bi ton v kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 thu c sn phm kh th ta thng dng Phng php bo ton electron gii. Trong bi tp ny, bi cho d kin v s mol e cho (s mol kim loi) v s mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng, ta nn s dng 4 cng thc tnh nhanh: n HNO3 = 4n NO = n e nhn tm nhanh s mol e nhn, t so snh vi s 3 mol e cho rt ra cc kt lun cn thit v sn phm oxh to thnh. Hng dn gii: Cch 1: Tnh ton theo trnh t phn ng D dng tnh nhm c: n HNO3 = 0,4 mol v nFe = 0,12 mol. Xt: Fe + 4HNO 3 Sau phn ng ny, n Fe
Fe(NO 3 )3 + NO + 2H 2 O , ta thy, sau phn ng, Fe cn d

B. dung dch NaCl. D. dung dch NaOH.

0,02 mol, do c thm phn ng: Fe + 2Fe3+

3+

3Fe 2+ .

cn li

= 0,06 mol .

T phn ng ha tan Cu: Cu + 2Fe3+

n Cu = 0,03 mol hay m Cu = 1,92g

Cu 2+ + 2Fe 2+ , ta d dng c kt qu

Cch 2: p dng cng thc v gii h phng trnh p dng cng thc nu phn phn tch, ta d dng c s mol electron nhn ti a l 0,3 mol. Trong khi , nFe = 0,12 mol ne cho ti a l 0,36 mol > ne nhn ti a. Do , dung dch sau phn ng phi bao gm c Fe2+ v Fe3+ vi s mol tng ng l a v b. T gi thit, ta c h phng trnh:
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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

n Fe = a + b = 0,12 mol n e = 2a + 3b = 0,3 mol

a = b = 0,06 mol

Cch 3: p dng cng thc v phng php ng cho p dng phng php ng cho cho hn hp dung dch sau phn ng, ta c:
Fe2+ (cho 2e) Fe3+ (cho 3e)
*

0,3 = 2,5 0,12

0,5 0,5

1 1

0,06 mol 0,06 mol

C th lm theo cch khc l: nhn thy e cho = 2,5 =

3+2 Fe2+ = Fe3+ = 0,06 mol 2

Cch 4: Quy i phn ng Da vo cc nh lut bo ton, ta c th coi cc phn ng trong bi ton l phn ng ca hn hp (Fe, Cu) vi dung dch HNO3 va to thnh sn phm cui cng l Cu2+ v Fe2+. p dng cng thc nu phn phn tch, ta d dng c s mol electron nhn l 0,3 mol.
n e cho = 2n Fe + 2n Cu = n e nhn = 0,3 mol
*

n Cu =

0,3 - 2 0,12 = 0,03 mol hay 1,92g 2

Cch lm ny cho php hn ch ti a vic tnh ton, vit phng trnh.

Nhn xt: y l mt dng bi tp rt quen thuc v khng qu kh. Khi lng tnh ton cng khng thc s nhiu nu th sinh bit cch vn dng cc k nng tnh nhanh v phng php kinh nghim, c bit l phng php quy i. Cu 28: Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng mC : mH : mO = 21:2:4. Hp cht X c cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. S ng phn cu to thuc loi hp cht thm ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l A. 5. p n A. Kinh nghim tm cng thc thc nghim l tm cch bin i cho cc nguyn t c s lng t (Oxi, Nit, cc Halogen, ...) v dng n v (1). Do , y ta nhn 4 : mC : mH : mO = 84 : 8 : 16, do CTPT cn tm l C7H8O. D dng c kt qu l 5 ng phn (3 crezol, ancol benzylic v metoxibenzen) Nhn xt: Cu hi ny kh d, c th xem l mt cu cho im. Tuy nhin, cc em cn lu khi m s ng phn, d nhm vi p n B. (c th so snh vi C7H7Cl li ch c 4 ng phn) Cu 29: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh l A. 4.
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B. 4.

C. 6.

D. 3.

B. 6.

C. 5.

D. 7.

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

p n C. Cc em thng nh 1 nguyn tc l: cht va c tnh oxh, va c tnh kh thng l cht c mc oxh trung gian (cha phi cao nht, cha phi thp nht). Nhng cn 1 nguyn tc na l: tnh cht ha hc ca 1 cht l do tnh cht ca cc b phn cu to nn cht v tng tc gia cc b phn gy ra (c th l tnh cht ca cc ion, ca gc nhm chc, ca cc nguyn t, ) Cu hi ny thc ra khng kh, nhng nu cc em khng nm vng nguyn tc 2 th s b qun mt trng hp HCl v chn nhm vo p n A. Ch l HCl c c tnh oxh ca H+ (trong phn ng vi kim loi ng trc H trong dy hot ng Ha hc) v tnh kh ca Cl- (trong phn ng vi cht oxh mnh to ra Cl2). Cu 30: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH bng A. 2. Phn tch bi: Bi ton nhit phn mui nitrat trong cho bit khi lng cht rn trc v sau phn ng ta thng dng phng php Tng gim khi lng. Khi nhit phn mui nitrat oxit th sn phm kh sinh ra va hp th vo H2O to ra HNO3. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1.

Hng dn gii: S ha phn ng, ta c: Cu(NO3 )2 CuO . C 1 mol Cu(NO3 )2 phn ng th khi lng gim l: 62 2 - 16 = 108g m theo bi th m gim = 6,58 - 4,96 = 1,62g n Cu(NO3 )2 =
3

1, 62 = 0,015 mol 108

+ Bo ton nguyn t N, ta d dng c: n HNO = 0,03 mol H = 0,1M pH = 1

Vic s dng bo ton nguyn t v hnh dung v qu trnh phn ng(khng vit ptp) gip rt ngn ng k thi gian lm bi.

Nhn xt: Bi tp ny thuc loi kh c bn v phng php Tng gim khi lng nhng nu cc em t kinh nghim v sa vo vic vit ptp tnh th s lm tiu tn nhiu thi gian. Cu 31: Poli (metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l A. CH3-COO-CH=CH2 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH. B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH. C. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH. D. CH2=CH-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH. p n C. vukhacngoc@gmail.com
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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Cu hi ny rt d v c th xem l 1 cu cho im. (i vi cc loi nilon, cc em nh l s ch ca n c ghi km tng ng vi s C trong monome, v d: nilon-6 c monome gm 6C, nilon-7 c monome gm 7C, nilon-6,6 l sn phm ng trng ngng ca 2 loi monome cng c 6C) Cu 32: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3. Tn gi ca X l A. metyl axetat. p n D. Cu hi ny rt d v c th xem l 1 cu cho im. Tc dng c vi NaOH loi C Tc dng c vi Br2 loi A v C Khng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 loi B B. axit acrylic. C. anilin. D. phenol.

Cu 33: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hir, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l A. 27,27%. p n B. Phng php truyn thng: Nguyn t X thuc nhm VIA. Hp cht vi Hiro l H2X v oxit cao nht l XO3. T gi thit, ta c:
X 94,12 = X+2 100 X 94,12 = 2 5,88 X = 32

B. 40,00%.

C. 60,00%.

D. 50,00%.

* Cch bin i t l thc ny thy tng hng dn trong qu trnh gii thi H-C khi B nm 2008

Do , trong oxit XO3, ta c: %m X = Phng php kinh nghim:

32 100% = 40% (nhm c) 32+48

Thc ra, vi ngi lm bi nhiu kinh nghim th c th d on c ngay nguyn t X l S v c th kim tra li nhn nh ny mt cch d dng. Nhn xt: y l mt dng bi tp rt c bn ca chng Bng h thng tun hon lp 10, cng c th xem y l 1 cu cho im. Cu 34: Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l: A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4. C. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2. p n C.
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B. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH.

Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

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Cu hi ny vn khng kh nhng c mt s em khng nh c phn ng oxh C2H4:

C2H4 + 1 O2 2
PdCl2 , CuCl2 CH 3CHO nn loi loi tr p n C. Trong cu hi ny,

p n B v D (este) b loi tr kh d dng. Cu 35: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 4,48. p n C. Phn tch bi:
2Cho t t HCl vo dung dch cha CO3 v HCO-3 , phn ng s xy ra ln lt theo th t: 2CO3 + H + HCO 3 (1) v HCO 3 + H + CO 2 + H 2 O (2)

B. 1,12.

C. 2,24.

D. 3,36.

Hng dn gii: C th tnh ton ln lt theo tng phn ng hoc dng cng thc:
n CO2 = n H + - n CO2- = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 mol
3

VCO2 = 1,12 lt (c th nhm c)

3

Cng thc trn bt ngun t: n H+ = n H + (1) + n H + (2) = n CO2- + n CO2

Nhn xt: y l dng bi tp c bn v quen thuc, khng kh, nn kt hp thm mt vi phn ng khc cu hi tr nn lt lo hn. Cu 36: Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v a gam H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l: A. m = a Phn tch bi: bi yu cu tm mi quan h gia khi lng ancol b t chy vi th tch CO2 v khi lng H2O sinh ra, m ta bit: Ancol no, n chc, mch h (k = 0) khi t chy s cho n ancol = n H2O - n CO2
*

V . 5,6

B. m = 2a

V . 11, 2

C. m = 2a

V . 22, 4

D. m = a +

V . 5,6

Xem thm cng thc tng qut hn trong bi vit Phng php phn tch h s

Phng php truyn thng: p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t v khi lng, ta c:
m = mC + mH + mO = V a a V V 12 + 2 + 16 = a 22,4 18 5,6 22,4 18

Phng php kinh nghim:

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Trong bi vit nh gi y hn ngha ca phng php ghp n s thy gii thiu vi cc em 1 kt qu: Khi lng t chy ca hp cht hu c dng CnH2n+2O = Khi lng H2O 4 ln s mol CO2. p dng cng thc ny vo bi ton, ta d dng tm c ngay p n ng. Nhn xt: y l dng bi tp c bn v quen thuc, khng kh, l ra bi nn kt hp thm mt vi phn ng khc cu hi tr nn lt lo hn. Cu 37: C ba dung dch: amoni hirocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat v ba cht lng: ancol etylic, benzen, anilin ng trong su ng nghim ring bit. Nu ch dng mt thuc th duy nht l dung dch HCl th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu ng nghim? A. 5. p n B. Cu hi ny khng kh v cc cht cn nhn bit u kh quen thuc, d dng bt gp trong cc bi tp nhn bit khc.
Kinh nghim lm bi cho thy hu ht cc bi tp loi ny thng cho p n ng l nhn bit c tt c cc cht.
*

B. 6.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Cu 38: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 3,940. p n D. Phn tch bi: Khi cho t t CO2 vo dung kim, cc phn ng s xy ra ln lt theo th t:
2CO 2 + OH HCO -3 v HCO -3 + OH CO3 + H2O

B. 1,182.

C. 2,364.

D. 1,970.

Hng dn gii: C th tnh ton ln lt theo tng phn ng hoc dng cng thc:
n CO2- = n OH - n CO2 = (0,06 + 0,12 2) 2 3

4, 48 = 0,1 mol (c th nhm c) 22, 4

3

Cng thc trn bt ngun t: n OH = n OH (1) + n OH (2) = n CO2 + n HCO23 3

Do n CO

< n Ba 2+ Ba2+ cha b kt ta ht v n BaCO3 = n CO2 = 0,01 mol hay m = 1,97g

Nhn xt: Cu hi ny lp li tng ca cu 35 qu nhiu. Tuy nhin, cn ch chi tit Ba2+ cha b kt ta ht khng chn nhm vo p n nhiu. p n nhiu ca cu hi ny kh hp l. Cu 39: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca chng l: A. Ba, Ag, Au. vukhacngoc@gmail.com B. Fe, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Mg, Zn, Cu. http://my.opera.com/saobanglanhgia

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

p n B. phi l cc kim loi ng sau Al trong dy in ha. *

Cu hi ny kh d, c th coi l 1 cu cho im.

Trong trng hp khng nh c nguyn tc trn m ch nh mang mng l c Al l mc (khng r trc hay sau Al) th vn c th tm c p n ng, v r rng nhm kim loi hoc tt c u ng trc Al, hoc tt c u ng sau Al m trong 4 p n, ch c B tha mn (cc p n cn li u va c kim loi ng trc, va c kim loi ng sau Al).

Mt s p n nhiu nn sa li trit tiu li suy lun mang mng trn.

Cu 40: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, nguyn t X thuc A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB. C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. p n A. Cu hnh y ca X l: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 y l mt kin thc c bn, kh d, kh quen thuc v thy tng nhn mnh trong qu trnh n tp: i vi nguyn t c cu hnh e dng (n-1)dansb th v tr nm trong bng tun hon tng ng s l chu k n, nhm: IIIB VIIIB tng ng vi a + b = 3 8 + VIIIB tng ng vi a + b = 8, 9, 10 + IB vi a + b = 11 + IIB vi a + b = 12 + Cc p n nhiu lm kh ph hp. B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. D. chu k 4, nhm IIA.

II. PHN RING [10 cu] Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B) A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50) Cu 41: Cho cc hp cht hu c: C2H2; C2H4; CH2O; CH2O2 (mch h); C3H4O2 (mch h, n chc). Bit C3H4O2 khng lm chuyn mu qu tm m. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 to ra kt ta l A. 3. p n B. C3H4O2 c 2O, n chc v khng lm chuyn mu qu tm l este v phi l HCOOCH=CH2, d dng c cc cht cn li l C2H2, HCHO, HCOOH. Cu hi ny khng kh v v tng th tng xut hin trong thi H 2 nm trc, y, chi tit ng ch nht l C2H2, nu cc em c quen np ngh v phn ng trng gng th s b st trng hp ny. B. 4 C. 2 D. 5

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Cu 42: C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH4)2SO4, FeCl2, Cr(NO3)3, K2CO3, Al(NO3)3. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l A. 5. p n D. Cu hi ny kh d, c th xem l mt cu cho im. Do Cr(OH)3 v Al(OH)3 u c tnh lng tnh nn phn ng vi Ba(OH)2 d v khng to thnh kt ta, 3 kt ta l BaSO4, BaCO3 v Fe(OH)2. Cu 43: Ha tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 5,6 lt H2( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn hp X l A. 3,92 lt. p n A. S phn ng ca X vi HCl: Al Gi s mol 2 cht l a v b, ta c h:
m X = 27a + 119b = 14,6g 3 5,6 n H2 = 2 a + b = 22,4 = 0,25 mol a = b = 0,1 mol
3 H 2 ; Sn 2 H2 .

B. 2.

C. 4.

D. 3

B. 1,68 lt

C. 2,80 lt

D. 4,48 lt

S phn ng ca X vi O2: Al Bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:

n O2 = 1 3 ( 0,1 + 2 0,1) = 0,175 mol 2 2

1 Al 2 O 3 ; Sn 2

SnO 2 .

V = 22,4 0,175 = 3,92 lt

Cu hi ny vn khng h kh v mt gii ton nhng i hi th sinh phi phn bit c cc trng thi oxh ca Sn trong cc iu kin phn ng khc nhau ( ny nn a vo phn dnh cho Chng trnh nng cao th hp l hn). Cu 44: Cacbohirat nht thit phi cha nhm chc ca A. Xeton p n D. Cu hi ny kh d, c th xem l mt cu cho im. Tuy nhin, s vn c nhiu em chn nhm p n B hoc A.(Cacbohirat hay gluxit l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc cha nhiu nhm hiroxi v c nhm cacbonyl (polihiroxicacbonyl)) Cu 45: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi. Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tha mn trng hp trn?
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B. Anehit

C. Amin

D. Ancol.

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

A. 1,5 p n C.

B. 1,8

C. 2,0

D. 1,2

p dng nguyn tc phn ng nu cu 25, ta d dng thy 3 ion phi l Mg2+, Zn2+ v Cu2+, ni cch khc l Ag+ phn ng ht cn Cu2+ th cha. Do , p dng nh lut bo ton in tch th iu kin l:
1,2 2 + 2x < 2 2 + 1 x < 1,3 mol p n ng l D

Cu hi ny c phn trng lp vi cu 25 trn v mt Ha hc, tng cn kh n gin, nhn chung l khng kh. Cu 46: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X, thu dc 11,2 lit kh CO2 ( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l: A. HCOOH, HOOC-CH2-COOH. C. HCOOH, C2H5COOH p n D. T gi thit, ta d dng c: C = p n ng. Bi ny rt d v rt quen thuc (c s liu). Cu 47: Hp cht X mch h c cng thc phn t l C4H9NO2. Cho 10,3 gam X phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra mt cht kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn khng kh, lm giy qu tm m chuyn mu xanh. Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom. C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 8,2 p n C. T c im ha hc ca Y, ta thy Y phi l 1 amin hu c (c khng t hn 1C) X l mui ca amoni hu c Z l 1 mui natri ca axit cacboxylic, Z c khng qu 3C (trong c 1C trong nhm COO-) v dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch brom Z l HCOONa hoc CH2=CH-COONa D dng c nX = 0,1 mol p n ng l 9,4g hoc 6,8g. Trong trng hp bi ny, ta buc phi chn p n ng l C, y l mt thiu st ca bi. Bi tp ny khng kh, ch i hi nhng suy lun c bn nhng kh hay. Cu 48: Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn: 2NO2 ( k ) N2O4 (k). (mu nu ) A. H < 0, phn ng thu nhit vukhacngoc@gmail.com (khng mu) Bit khi h nhit ca bnh th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c: B. H > 0, phn ng ta nhit http://my.opera.com/saobanglanhgia B. 10,8 C. 9,4 D. 9,6
5 5 v s nhm chc trung bnh = . Do , d dng tm c 3 3

B. HCOOH, CH3COOH. D. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH.

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

C. H > 0, phn ng thu nhit p n D.

D. H < 0, phn ng ta nhit

Cu hi ny tng i d (cng l mt trng tm thi H m thy gii hn) nhng i hi cc em phi nm vng c kin thc c bn, th hin 2 : Nm vng nguyn l L Satlie v chuyn dch cn bng phn ng ta nhit, loi p n A v C. Phn bit c tnh cht i nghch: Phn ng ta nhit Q > 0 v H < 0 loi p n B. + Phn ng thu nhit Q < 0 v H > 0 +

Cu 49: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h, cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH)2 th to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l A. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol C. 4,9 v glixerol. p n A. Phn tch bi: T c im Ha hc ca X, ta thy X phi l 1 ru a chc c nhm OH k nhau loi p n D. Phng php truyn thng: D dng nhm c n O2 =
17,92 = 0,8 mol 22,4 n O2 nX =4

B. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol D. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol

Gi CTPT ca X l CnH2n+2Ox, phn ng t chy ca X l:

C n H 2n+2 O x + 4O 2 nCO 2 + (n+1)H 2 O

p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi O, ta c:

x + 8 = 2n + n + 1 x + 7 = 3n n= x+1 + 2 (x+1) chia ht cho 3 v x n 3

Do , x = 2 v n =3, p n ng l A hoc B. C 4 nhm OH ca ru phn ng vi 1 phn t Cu(OH)2 (2 lin kt cng ha tr + 2 lin 1 kt cho nhn) n Cu(OH)2 = n X = 0,05 mol m = 4,9g 2 Phng php kinh nghim: Ta bit 1 mol glixerol khi t chy cn 3,5 mol O2 (rt quen thuc v d dng bt gp tng nhiu bi ton), do , t l 1:4 cho php ta d dng loi p n C. Nhn xt:

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

y l dng bi tp kh c bn v phn ng t chy cht hu c, tuy nhin th sinh c th cng gp 1 cht lng tng vi cu hi tnh m. Cu 50: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Phn ur c cng thc l (NH4)2CO3. B. Phn hn hp cha nit, photpho, kali c gi chung l phn NPK. C. Phn ln cung cp nit ha hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat (NO3-) v ion amoni (NH4+) D. Amophot l hn hp cc mui (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3. p n B. Cu hi ny rt d (cng l mt trng tm thi H m thy gii hn) nu cc em tng c qua v cn nh 1 s khi nim v phn bn Ha hc. B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60) Cu 51: Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N2 v H2 vi nng tng ng l 0,3 M v 0,7 M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH3 t trng thi cn bng t0C, H2 chim 50% th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn bng KC t0C ca phn ng c gi tr l A. 2,500 p n D. Phn tch bi: i vi cc bi tp v hiu sut phn ng hoc hng s cn bng (nhng phn ng c hiu sut < 100%), ta nn gii bng m hnh trc phn ng phn ng sau phn ng. Hng dn gii: Gi nng N2 phn ng l x. Ta c:
N 2 + 3H 2 Trc p: p : 0,3 x 0,7 3x 2NH 3 2x 2x
1 (1 - 2x) 2
2

B. 0,609

C. 0,500

D. 3,125

Sau p: (0,3 - x) (0,7 - 3x)

T gi thit, ta c: VH2 = 0,7 - 3x = Do , h s cn bng l: K C = Nhn xt:

x = 0,1M

[ NH3 ] 3 [ N 2 ][ H 2 ]

0, 22 = 3,125 0, 2 0, 43

Cu hi ny khng qu kh trong vic tnh s mol cc cht sau phn ng, tuy nhin, c th th sinh quen vi vic tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng este ha, phn ng phn ly axit (Kz) m qun khng a s m vo biu thc tnh KC th kt qu s sai lch (ri vo p n nhiu A). y, c th thm vo p n nhiu 0,32.
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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

Cu 52: Cho sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ha: Zn-Cu l 1,1 V; Cu-Ag l 0,46 V.
0 Bit th in cc chun E Ag
+

/ Ag

0 0 = +0,8V . Th in cc chun EZn2+ / Zn v ECu 2+ / Cu c gi tr ln lt

l A. +1,56 V v +0,64 V C. 0,76 V v + 0,34 V p n C. Lm trc tip: Cu hi ny kh d. Ch cn nh cng thc tnh sut in ng ca pin, ta d dng c:
E0 = E0 - E0 Cu-Ag = 0,8 - 0,46 = +0,34V Cu 2+ /Cu Ag + /Ag E0 = E0 - E0 Zn-Cu = 0,34 - 1,1 = -0,76V Zn 2+ /Zn Cu 2+ /Cu

B. 1,46 V v 0,34 V D. 1,56 V v +0,64 V

Phng php kinh nghim: Nu khng nh chc chn cng thc tnh sut in ng ca pin, ta c th suy lun nh sau: Trong dy in ha ca kim loi c th t Zn H Cu. 0 Zn ng trc H EZn phi < 0 2+ / Zn 0 Cu ng sau H ECu phi > 0 2+ / Cu

Do , d dng loi 2 p n A v B, suy lun thm 1 cht v php tnh, ta thy p n ng phi l C.
*

Cn mt cch na l thuc lun gi tr E0 ca 2 cp ny, v c 2 gi tr ny u kh quen thuc v nhiu ln c dng lm v d trong SGK

Nhn xt: Cu hi ny khng qu kh, nu hc sinh nm vng cng thc tnh sut in ng th c th tm ra p n ng rt nhanh. Cc p n nhiu cha thc s tt. Cu 53: Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn (c cha mt oxit) nng 0,95 m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l A. 74,69 % p n A. Phn tch bi: i vi cc bi tp m s liu c biu din dng tng i hoc t l vi nhau, ta nn s dng Phng php T chn lng cht. Trong trng hp ny, ta gi s m = 100g. D nhn thy l bi ton cn kh in hnh cho Phng php Tng gim khi lng. Phn ng t chy mui sunfua to ra SO2 v oxit kim loi. B. 95,00 % C. 25,31 % D. 64,68 %

Hng dn gii: S ha phn ng, ta thy: PbS PbO , c 1 mol phn ng th khi lng gim 16g

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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

n PbO = n PbS phn ng =

100 - 95 0,3125 = 0,3125 mol H% = 74,69% 100 16 207 + 32

Nhn xt: Cu hi ny khng kh, rt c bn v in hnh. Cu 54: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng thu c mui iazoni B. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng. C. Etylamin phn ng vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh. D. Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam. p n C. Cu hi ny khng kh, nhng nu kin thc khng chc chn, mt s em vn c th chn nhm p n A mt cch ng tic. Ch l Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thp thu c mui iazoni mi l mnh ng. y, cc em cn lu l nu chc chn mnh C ng th khng cn phi qu bn khon vi nhng mnh cn li. Cu 55: Dy gm cc dung dch u tham gia phn ng trng bc l: A. Glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic, anehit axetic B. Frutoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic C. Glucoz, glixerol, mantoz, axit fomic. D. Glucoz, frutoz, mantoz, saccaroz. p n A. Cu hi ny kh d, cng c th xem l mt cu cho im, c th dng tm ngay ra p n ng l A ri kim tra li bng cch loi tr glixerol (loi B, C) v saccaroz (loi D). Cu 56: Dy gm cc cht v thuc u c th gy nghin cho con ngi l A. penixilin, paradol, cocain. C. cocain, seduxen, cafein. p n C. Cu hi ny vn khng kh nhng ni dung cu hi li nhm ti mt phn kin thc m cc em t quan tm trong chng trnh nn cng gy ra khng t lng tng. Ta c th d dng loi tr cc p n A, B v D (tn gi cho thy c mt s cht l thuc gim au v khng sinh). Cu 57: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4 gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l A. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2. C. HCOOCH2CH=CHCH3
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B. heroin, seduxen, erythromixin D. ampixilin, erythromixin, cafein.

B. HCOOC(CH3)=CHCH3. D. HCOOCH=CHCH2CH3.
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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

0985052510

p n B. CTPT cho thy X l hp cht n chc. Do , n mui = n este =

5 = 0,05 mol 100 M mui = 3,4 = 68 HCOONa loi A 0,05

V sn phm thy phn cn li (c cha ni i) khng lm mt mu nc brom phi l xeton C lin kt vi nhm COO- mang ni i v c bc bng 2 p n ng l B. Cu hi ny kh c bn, c yu t bin lun v CTCT nhng khng qu phc tp. Cu 58: Cho dy chuyn ha sau:
+ NaOH (du) +X Y (hp cht thm) Phenol Phenyl axetat t0

Hai cht X,Y trong s trn ln lt l: A. anhirit axetic, phenol. C. axit axetic, natri phenolat. p n B. Cu hi ny kh hay nhng khng qu kh, im mu cht cc em cn nh l phenol khng to este vi cc axit cacboxylic thng thng (y l iu thy tng nhn mnh trong qu trnh n tp), nu qun mt chi tit ny th cc em s d chn nhm p n C, 2 p n nhiu cn li l A v D d dng b loi v Y khng th l phenol khi iu kin phn ng l NaOH d.
y c mt kinh nghim l kh nng phn ng ca anhirit axit bao gi cng cao hn axit cacboxylic tng ng do , nu axit c th phn ng th anhirit axit chc chn cng c phn ng (c 2 u ng) nhng ngc li, anhirit c phn ng th axit cha chc phn ng c (ch 1 ci ng). V p n ng ch c 1 nn vi suy lun nh vy, ta hiu rng, trong a s trng hp, khi c 2 p n tng ng m 1 l axit v 1 l anhirit axit th chc chn p n c anhirit axit mi l p n ng.
*

B. anhirit axetic, natri phenolat D. axit axetic, phenol.

Cu 59: Cho s chuyn ha:

KCN H O X CH3CH2Cl Y t
3 0 +

Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l: A. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2CHO. C. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COONH4. p n B. Cu hi ny khng qu kh (thy cng tng nhn mnh ti lp hc), nu bn no quan tm n phng php iu ch Polimetylmetacrylat th khng th khng nh. Tuy nhin, c th mt s bn (nht l cc bn hc sinh chuyn) c th chn nhm p n C. Lu l Nitril khi thy phn trong H2O s sinh ra mui amoni nhng trong axit mnh th li to thnh axit (yu hn) do phn ng trao i. Cu 60: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l A. Cu + Pb(NO3)2 (long)
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B. CH3CH2NH2, CH3CH2COOH. D. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COOH.

B. Cu + HCl (long)
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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

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C. Cu + HCl (long) + O2 p n C.

D. Cu + H2SO4 (long)

Cu hi ny khng kh nhng do ri vo phn kin thc lp 10, li vo 1 phn ng t c quan tm nn chc s c 1 s bn lng tng. Tuy nhin, ta c th tm c p n ng nh d dng loi b cc p n A, B, D m khng cn chc chn v phn ng C. Nhn xt chung v thi: Nhn chung thi H khi A nm nay c th ni l khng hay v hi cn v mt tng, rt nhiu cu trong thi thuc loi thuc mt, quen tn, trong c mt s cu b trng lp ngay trong (cu hi v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3, cu hi v cc phn ng theo tng nc ca CO2 vi kim v ngc li, cu hi v phn ng ca cc ion v kim loi trong dy in ha, cu hi v phn ng thy phn x phng ha, ). Mt s cu hi c tng th cha c khai thc trit , cha c chiu su nn cha lm r c ci hay v kh ca cu hi. V mt kh, thi c s phn loi nht nh nhng khng qu su sc, t l bi tp p o so vi l thuyt l kh khn chnh i vi th sinh, nu khng c s chun b chu o v kin thc, phng php, k nng v kinh nghim, mt bnh tnh trong phng thi th p lc tnh ton nhiu d khin th sinh mc phi nhng sai st ng tic. l mt iu ng tic v cng l hn ch ln nht ca thi! Tuy nhin, vi nhng th sinh c nhiu kinh nghim v chm ch luyn tp c th d dng nhn ra cc im quen thuc trong thi v gii quyt c trong thi gian tng i nhanh. khc phc hn ch ca thi, cc tc gi nn khai thc su hn nhng tng c, hn ch bt cc thao tc tnh ton hoc m ra cc c hi chn ngu nhin t p n nhiu.
Nhng nhn xt v p n nhiu trn ch mang tnh tham kho v c ngha vi tng cu hi ch khng phn nh mc tiu chung ca c thi. Vic m ra cc c hi chn ngu nhin l cn thit phn loi nhng th sinh c t duy nhanh v sng to!
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V phn b ca thi, s sp xp ngu nhin cc cu hi trong thi vn lp li tnh trng ca nhng nm trc. l s sp xp thiu khoa hc, khng c lp nang, khng c b cc r rng, phn b cu hi kh v cu hi d trong cc m thi khc nhau khng ng u nh nhau, iu ny to ra s thiu cng bng ng k i vi cc th sinh (c nhng em lin tip gp phi cu kh ngay t u, c nhng em ch phi lm cu hi kh cui ). im tch cc ng ghi nhn nht trong phn b thi l Phn dnh ring cho cc th sinh, cc kin thc chun v nng cao kh chnh xc, c bit l Phn nng cao, cc cu hi u cp n nhng vn ring, c trng ca chng trnh nng cao. V im thi, nhn chung thi c tnh phn loi, nhng do cng bi tp c tnh ton nhiu nn s l ng tic cho mt s em c hc lc kh tt nhng b mc sai st khng ng c trong qu trnh tnh ton. Vi thi nm nay, ph im ch yu s nm trong khong 6-8 i vi cc hc sinh c hc lc kh, 8-9 im i vi cc em hc tt, phi tht xut sc mi c c hi c 10 im. (trong s hn 40 hc sinh thy trc tip dy nm nay cng ch c 2 bn c 10 trn vn, 1 bn 9,8, 1 bn 9,6 v 2-3 bn 9,2 9,4). Kt hp vi kt qu thi ca mn Ton (khng vukhacngoc@gmail.com http://my.opera.com/saobanglanhgia
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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

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kh nhng ph kin thc n tp kh rng) v mn L (kh d) th im chun ca nm nay s ch bng hoc km nm trc 1 cht (0,5 1 im). i vi cc em hc sinh, qua thi nm nay li thm 1 ln na khng nh: cc em mun lm ch k thi H th cc em cn phi hi c Kin thc, Phng php, K nng v Kinh nghim mi c th gii quyt thi c mt cch vng vng v nhanh chng. thi hu ht u nhm vo nhng kin thc c bn, nhng dng bi tp quen thuc v nu c bin i th cng mc khng ng k, nu chm ch rn luyn tch cc th cu hi no vi cc em cng u quen v d dng c. Bi vit trn ch mang quan im c nhn, mt s cch gii v nhn xt ch mang tnh tham kho. Nhng phn tch chi tit v hng dn c th hn, cc bn v cc em c th tm c trong cc ti liu tham kho sp xut bn trong thi gian ti ca ti (s c mt cun chuyn v gii thi H v cc nh hng n tp trong nm 2010). Cc phng php gii ton s dng trong qu trnh gii thi cc bn cng c th tham kho trong cc sch: 1, 16 Phng php v K thut gii nhanh bi ton Ha hc NXB i hc s phm ( xut bn) - 2009 2, Cc Phng php gii bi ton Ha hc NXB GD (sp xut bn) cui nm 2009/ u nm 2010. Cc bn cng c th tham kho cc bi ging chuyn trn blog c nhn ca ti: http://my.opera.com/saobanglanhgia/blog/ v http://vn.myblog.yahoo.com/vkngoc49cns/

May 2009

15th Cc k hoch cho ma thi nm 2009

April 2009

28th Vui mt t vi phng php ng cho 01st xut hp tc xut bn Sch tham kho

March 2009

26th 16 PHNG PHP V K THUT GII NHANH BI TP TRC NGHIM MN HA HC 07th Thng bo v lp hc mi ca thy Sao bng lnh gi

November 2008

24th Tng hp 18 cch gii cho bi ton v c kinh in

September 2008
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Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc

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01st Rn luyn tr thnh hc sinh gii Ha hc trng ph thng 01st p n chi tit cho thi tuyn sinh H - C mn Ha khi B nm 2008 m 195

July 2008

08th Bi ton hu c kinh in 12 cch gii ca Sao bng lnh gi 08th Vn rn luyn k nng tnh trng ph thng 07th Cng thc tnh nhanh cho bi ton v c kinh in ca Sao bng lnh gi 06th p n chi tit cho thi tuyn sinh H - C mn Ha khi A nm 2008 m 794 ca Sao bng lnh gi

June 2008

29th Chin thut chn ngu nhin trong bi thi trc nghim Ha hc (phn 1) 29th p n chi tit cho thi tuyn sinh H - C mn Ha khi A nm 2007 27th nh gi y hn ngha ca phng php ghp n s 27th Phn tch h s phn ng v ng dng trong gii nhanh bi ton Ha hc 27th Khi nim bt bo ha v ng dng trong gii ton Ha hc 27th Bi ton kinh in ca Ha hc: bi ton 9 cch gii 26th Ngh thut s dng ng cho trong gii ton Ha hc 26th Mt bi Ha thi H 2006 c nhiu cch gii hay 26th Chuyn i cc cng thc biu din phn t ng 25th Quy tc vit cng thc Cu to theo Lewis, CTCT + Dng lai ha + Hnh hc phn t 24th Phn tch h s cn bng ca phn ng v ng dng trong gii ton 24th Phng php ghp n s - nhng bin i i s 24th Hnh khng gian - chuyn : Khong cch 24th Phng php vect trong gii ton hnh hc khng gian

v cc bi vit khc trn Tp ch Ha hc v ng dng ca Hi Ha hc Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, gip cc em hc sinh c c s chun b tt nht cho nhng k thi H tip theo, ngay t gia thng 7 ny, Cng ty c phn Gio dc GSA tip tc khai ging cc kha hc bi dng kin thc lp 10, 11, 12 v luyn thi H. Cc em hc sinh v cc qu v ph huynh c th truy cp website: http://giasuams.com/ hoc in thoi ti s 04.38684441 36230476 - 39152590 0989768553 (gp Ch Hu hoc Ch Linh) tm hiu thng tin chi tit. Lp Ha 10 v Ha 11 do thy gio L Phm Thnh ph trch. Lp Ha 12 v n thi H do thy gio V Khc Ngc ph trch. a im hc: s 30 ng 97 ng Nguyn Ch Thanh. Ngoi ra, cc hc sinh v nhm hc sinh c yu cu c bit khc (v trnh , a im hc, hc ph, ) c th lin h trc tip vi thy Ngc (0985052510) v thy Thnh (0976053496) c c nhng iu chnh sp xp cho ph hp vi nguyn vng. Chc cc bn v cc em t nhiu thnh cng trong s nghip dy v hc!
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