BI TP HA V C PHN TCH

Cu 2; a) Tnh cht chung

+ T/c vt l;
- Kim loi mu trng bc v xm nht
- to howpk kim vi kim loi khc
- To nng chy, t0 si cao
- Nng hn nc
+ T/c ha hc
- L cc kim loi hot ng ( ch sau kim loi kim )
- T/c c trng l tnh kh
- Vd; tc dng vi H2, O2
_

Ca + H2 __------ t0-------> CaH2

(1)
0
Ca + O2 __------ t -------> CaO
(2)
Mg + O2
MgO
(3)
Phn ng (3) ( Mg chy ) pht ra nh sng chi v giu tia t ngoi
+ T/d vi H2O, Ba, Ca, Sr phn ng vi nc t0 cao
Vd; Ba + H2O Ba (OH)2
- Be l kim loi lng tnh
Be + 2NaOH + 2H2O ----- t0-----> Na2 [ Be(OH)4] + H2
b) ng dng
- Kim loi kim th c ng dng nhiu trong thc t
- Hp Kim ca chng c s dng rng ri ; hp kim Mg
- Be kim loi c lm vt liu l phn ng ht nhn do n bn nhit, tnh
c hc tt
Cu 3;
- L cc kim loi, d to hp kim vi cc nguyn t khc v
chng c ng dng ln
- T0 nng chy v t0 si cao
- a ha tr, a oxy ha
Vd; Fe ha tri II, III ; s oxy ha : +2, +3
- B oxy ha bi cc tc nhn : O2 , halogen
Vd; 2Fe + 3/2 O2 Fe2O3
Fe + Cl2
FeCl3
Do cn obital d trng nn d to phc cht
Vd: [Co (NH3)6] (OH)2 , [Cu (NH3)4] (OH)2
Mn + 5Co Mn(Co)5
Cu 4: Trnh by t/c c bn ca nguyn t halogen
- Cc nguyn t halogen tn ti c 3 trng thi
Cl2: kh, vng nht
Br2: Lng, nu
I2: Rn, tm
- Tan t trong nc tan nhiu trong dung mi khng phn cc:
dietylete, benzen..
- Iot to phn ng mu vi tinh bt ( mu xanh )

- Do ch cn thiu 1 e lp ngoi cng halogen c tnh oxy ha

mnh. t/d vi hu ht cc nguyn t tr O2, Kim loi qu, phi
kim
Vd: H2 + F2 ----ti 2HF Tnh oxy ha gim dn t F > Cl > Br >I
H2 + CL2 ---a/s 2HCL
Cl2 + Fe FeCl3
- L phi kim in hnh
(+) So snh tnh axit : HCL, HBr, HI
HCL < HBr < HI
Do kh nng phn li H+ tng t HCL HI
Dung dch HCHO ( C37%) c gi l formalin ( fomon)
p xc ng vt, ty u
- Axeton dng lm dung mi hu c
Cu 10: Trnh by t/c c bn ca axit cacboxylic, cho v d , nu ng dng v
ngha sinh hc ca chng
- L axit khng in li