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(1)
(2)
2. Cc ch s ca cht bo:
* Ch s axit:
S mg KOH dng trung ha lng axit bo t do c trong 1gam cht bo
Ch s axit =
* Ch s X Phng Ha:
S mg KOH dng cn x phng ha hon ton 1g cht bo
( Bng ch s Axit + ch s Este ha)
Ch s X Phng Ha =
- Khi thay KOH bng NaOH, khi lng s khc nhau nhng nNaOH = nKOH
* Trong cc bi ton lin quan n cc loi ch s v khi lng x phng thng p dng pp BTKL
Trigixerit
Chat beo
+ MOH Xa phong + C3 H5 (OH)3 + H 2 O
Axit beo ( tu do)
III. BI TP
Cu1: trung ha 14g mt cht bo cn 15ml dd KOH 1M. Ch s ca axit bo ca cht bo bng bao nhiu?
A: 0,0011
B: 0,06
C: 1,1
D: 6,0
Cu2: trung ha 15g mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, cn dng dd cha a gam NaOH. Gi tr ca a l:
A: 0,150
B: 0,280
C: 0,075
D: 0,200
Cu3: Mt loi cht bo cha 4,23% axit oleic, 1,6% axit panmitic cn li l triolein. Ch s x phng ha ca mu cht
bo trn l:
A: 59,6
B: 63,2
C: 68,0
D: 71,6
Cu4: X phng ha hon ton 10g mt lipit trung tnh cn 1,68g KOH. T 1 tn lipit trn iu ch c bao nhiu tn
x phng natri loi 72%?
A: 1,028
B: 1,428
C: 1,513
D: 1,628
Cu5: x phng ha hon ton 1kg cht bo (c ln mt lng nh axit bo t do) c ch s axit bng 8,4 cn dng ti
thiu 450ml dd NaOH 1M. Khi lng x phng thu c l:
A: 1006,1kg
B: 987,7kg
C: 1,08kg
D:
Cu6: : x phng ha 5,04g cht bo A cn 90ml dung dch KOH 0,2M.ch s x phng ca cht bo.
Cu7: : x phng ha hon ton 1,68g cht bo A cn 30ml dd KOH 0,2M.sau phn ng thu c 0,1766g
Ch s axit
__________________
X phng ha hon ton 100g cht bo X cn dng va 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,8M, sau phn ng thu
c 100,81g x phng. Xc nh ch s axit ca cht bo
A. 2,8 B. 5,6
C. 11,2
D. 1,4
i s mol NaOH trung ho lng axit t do l Xmol:
tham gia p este ho l (0.08 -x )mol
p trn c
bo ton khi lng, ta c:
ch s axit bo =
=2.8 /A :A
Bi ton xc nh cc ch s ca cht bo : ch s axit, ch s x phng ho
Cu 17: Xa phong hoa 2.52 g cht beo cn 90ml dd KOH 0.1M.Mt khac xa phong hoa hoan toan 5.04g cht
beo A thu c 0.53 g glixerol. Tim chi s xa phong hoa va chi s axit cua cht beo A:
A. 200 va 8
B. 198 va 7
C. 211 va 6
D. 196 va 5
Cu 18: Khi x phng ho hon ton 2,52 gam cht bo trung tnh cn 90 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Tnh ch s
x phng ca cht bo trn?
A. 200
B. 192
C. 190
D. 198
Cu 19: khi x phng ho hon ton 2,52 gam cht bo trung tnh thu c 0,265gam glixerol. Tnh ch s x
phng ca cht bo?
A. 18
B. 80
C. 180
D. 8
Cu 20: x phng ho hon ton 100gam cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 ngi ta dng ht 0,32 mol KOH.
Khi lng glixerol thu c l bao nhiu gam?
A. 9,4 gam
B. 9,3gam
C. 8,487 gam
D. 9,43 gam
Cu 21: Tnh khi lng KOH cn dng trung ho 4 gam cht bo c ch s axit l 7?
A. 28mg
B. 14mg
C. 82mg
D. p n khc.
Cu 22: Tnh khi lng NaOH cn dng trung ho axit t do c trong 5 gam bo vi ch s axit bng 7?
A. 0,025mg
B. 0,025g
C. 0,25mg
D. 0,25g
Cu 23: X phng ho 1kg lipit c ch s axit l 2,8 ngi ta cn dng 350 ml KOH 1M. Khi lng glixerol
thu c l bao nhiu?
A. 9,2gam
B. 18,4 gam
C. 32,2 gam
D. 16,1 gam
Cu 24: Mt loi m cha 40% triolein, 20% tripanmitin, 40% tristearin. X phng ho hon ton m gam m
trn bng NaOH thu c 138 gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l?
A. 1209
B. 1304,27
C. 1326
D. 1335
Cu 25: Mt loi m cha 70% triolein v 30% tristearin v khi lng. Tnh khi lng x phng thu c
khi x phng ho hon ton 100kg cht m bng NaOH?
A. 90,8kg
B. 68kg
C. 103,16kg
D. 110,5kg
Cu 26: X phng ho hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c X ( cha C, H, O) cn va 300 ml dung dch NaOH
1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 24,6 gam mui khan. Xc nh CTPT ca X?
A. (HCOO)3C3H5
B. (CH3COO)3C3H5
C. C3H5(COOCH3)3
D. (CH3COO)2C2H4
Cu 27: Tnh ch s este ca mt loi cht bo cha 89% tristearin?
A. 168
B. 84
C. 56
D. p n khc
Cu 28: un 20 gam lipit vi dung dch cha 10 gam NaOH. Sau khi kt thc phn ng trung ho 1/10
dung dch thu c cn dng 90 ml dung dch HCl 0,2 M. Tnh ch s x phng ho v phn t khi trung bnh
ca axit bo trong lipit?
A. 140 v 273
B. 120 v 273
C. 130 v 273
D. p n khc
Cu 29: Cho 0,25 mol NaOH vo 20 gam bo trung tnh ri un nng ln, khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ngi
ta thu c dung dch c tnh baz, trung ho dung dch ny phi dng ht 0,18 mol HCl. Tnh khi lng
NaOH cn x phng ho 1 tn cht bo trn?
A. 0,14 tn
B. 1,41 tn
C. 0,41 tn
D. p n khc
Cu 30: Tnh khi lng NaOH cn dng trung ho cc axit bo t do c trong 200 gam cht bo, bit cht
bo c ch s axit bng 7?
A. 5g
B. 9g
C. 1g
D. 15g
Cu 31: Cho 0,25 mol NaOH vo 20 gam bo trung tnh ri un nng ln, khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ngi
ta thu c dung dch c tnh baz, trung ho dung dch ny phi dng ht 0,18 mol HCl. Tnh khi lng
NaOH cn x phng ho 1 tn cht bo trn?
A. 0,14 tn
B. 1,41 tn
C. 0,41 tn
D. p n khc
Cu 32: Khi cho 178kg cht bo trung tnh phn ng va vi 120kg dung dch NaOH 20%, gi s hiu sut
phn ng l 100%. Tnh khi lng x phng thu c?
A. 61,2 kg
B. 183,6 kg
C. 122,4 kg
D. p n khc
Cu 33: x phng ho hon ton 50 gam cht bo c ch s axit l 7 cn 0,16 mol NaOH. Tnh khi lng
glixerol thu c?
A. 9,43gam
B. 14,145gam
3KOH
KOH
KOH
C. 4,715gam
D. 16,7 gam
3RCOOK + C3H5(OH)3
RCOOK + H2O
mui (x phng) + C3H5(OH)3 + H2O
(1)
(2)
(3)
Cn nm r cc khi nim
1. Ch s axit: l s mg KOH (2) cn trung ho ht axit t do c trong 1 gam cht bo
2. Ch s este: l s mg KOH (1) cn thu phn ht este bo c trong 1 gam cht bo
3. Ch s x phng = ch s axit + ch s este
4. Khi lng x phng thu c khi x phng ha.
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng cho phng trnh s (3)
mbo + mKOH = mx phng + mnc + mglixerol
mx phng = mbo + mKOH - mnc - mglixerol