Bin php t v (thng mi)

Bin php t v (thng mi)

Bi: Wiki Pedia Trong thng mi quc t, bin php t v l vic tm thi hn ch nhp khu i vi mt hoc mt s loi hng ho khi vic nhp khu chng tng nhanh gy ra hoc e do gy ra thit hi nghim trng cho ngnh sn xut trong nc. Bin php t v ch c p dng i vi hng ho, khng p dng i vi dch v, u t hay s hu tr tu. Mi nc thnh vin T chc Thng mi Th gii (WTO) u c quyn p dng bin php t v, nhng khi p dng th h phi bo m tun theo cc quy nh ca WTO ( v iu kin, th tc, cch thc p dng bin php t v).

L do ng h cc bin php t v
c s dng i ph vi hnh vi thng mi hon ton bnh thng (khng c hnh vi vi phm php lut hay cnh tranh khng lnh mnh) nn v hnh thc, vic p dng bin php t v b coi l i ngc li chnh sch t do ho thng mi ca WTO. Tuy vy, y l bin php c hp php ho trong khun kh WTO (vi cc iu kin cht ch trnh lm dng). L do l trong hon cnh buc phi m ca th trng v t do ho thng mi theo cc cam kt WTO, cc bin php t v l mt hnh thc "van an ton" m hu ht cc nc nhp khu l thnh vin WTO u mong mun. Vi chic van ny, nc nhp khu c th ngn chn tm thi lung nhp khu gip ngnh sn xut ni a ca mnh trnh nhng v trong mt s trng hp c bit kh khn.

Gi ca p dng bin php t v

c tha nhn trong thng mi quc t nhng li i ngc li mc tiu t do ho thng mi, bin php t v l mt cng c phi tr tin. iu ny c ngha l cc nc c php p dng n bo v ngnh sn xut ca nc mnh nhng phi tr gi cho nhng thit hi m bin php ny gy ra cho cc nh sn xut nc ngoi (nh mt hnh thc cn bng cam kt thng mi vi nc khc). C th, nc p dng bin php t v phi bi thng thng mi cho cc nc c hng ho b p dng bin php t v theo cc iu kin nht nh. Nu nc ny khng tun th, WTO cho php cc nc lin quan c p dng bin php tr a.

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Bin php t v (thng mi)

Quy nh ca WTO v bin php t v

Cc nguyn tc v vic s dng bin php t v trong WTO c quy nh ti: iu XIX GATT 1994; v Hip nh v bin php t v (Hip nh SG). Cc nc thnh vin khi xy dng php lut ni a v bin php t v c ngha v tun th cc nguyn tc ny ca WTO. Cc v kin, vic iu tra v p dng bin php t v trn thc t c tin hnh theo php lut ni a ca tng nc nhp khu, ph hp vi quy nh lin quan ca WTO.

iu kin p dng bin php t v

Mt nc nhp khu ch c th p dng bin php t v sau khi tin hnh iu tra v chng minh c s tn ti ng thi ca cc iu kin sau: Hng ho lin quan c nhp khu tng t bin v s lng; Ngnh sn xut sn phm tng t hoc cnh tranh trc tip vi hng ho b thit hi hoc e do b thit hi nghim trng; v C mi quan h nhn qu gia hin tng nhp khu tng t bin v thit hi hoc e do thit hi ni trn. Mt iu kin chung l tnh trng ni trn phi l h qu ca vic thc hin cc cam kt trong WTO ca cc thnh vin m h khng th thy hoc lng trc c khi a ra cam kt. Song song vi cc iu kin chung ny, mt s nc khi gia nhp WTO phi a ra nhng cam kt ring lin quan n bin php t v. Trng hp ca Vit Nam, khng c rng buc hay bo lu no ln v cc bin php t v ny, do vic p dng bin php t v Vit Nam i vi hng ha nc ngoi, nu c, s tun th y cc quy nh ca Hip nh SG.

Th tc p dng bin php t v

Khc vi trng hp cc v kin chng bn ph gi hay chng tr cp, WTO khng c nhiu quy nh chi tit v trnh t, th tc kin p dng bin php t v. Tuy nhin, Hip nh v Bin php t v ca WTO c a ra mt s cc nguyn tc c bn m tt c cc thnh vin phi tun th, v d:

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Bin php t v (thng mi)

m bo tnh minh bch (Quyt nh khi xng v iu tra t v phi c thng bo cng khai; Bo co kt lun iu tra phi c cng khai vo cui cuc iu tra) m bo quyn t tng ca cc bn (cc bn lin quan phi c m bo c hi trnh by cc chng c, lp lun ca mnh v tr li cc chng c, lp lun ca i phng); m bo b mt thng tin (i vi thng tin c bn cht l mt hoc c cc bn trnh vi tnh cht l thng tin mt khng th c cng khai nu khng c s ng ca bn trnh thng tin); Cc iu kin v bin php tm thi (phi l bin php tng thu, v nu kt lun cui cng ca v vic l ph nh th khon chnh lch do tng thu phi c hon tr li cho bn np; khng c ko di qu 200 ngy) Trn thc t, mt v iu tra p dng bin php t v thng i theo trnh t sau y: 1. n yu cu p dng bin php t v ca ngnh sn xut ni a nc nhp khu; 2. Khi xng iu tra; 3. iu tra v cng b kt qu iu tra v cc yu t tnh hnh nhp khu; tnh hnh thit hi; mi quan h gia vic nhp khu v thit hi; 4. Ra Quyt nh p dng hoc khng p dng bin php t v Ch rng vic iu tra v p dng bin php t v, mc d c nhiu yu t ging mt trnh t t tng t php (mt v kin ti ta n) nhng y bn cht l mt th tc hnh chnh, do mt c quan hnh chnh nc nhp khu tin hnh, x l mt tranh chp thng mi gia cc nh xut khu nc ngoi (v nguyn tc l t tt c cc nc ang xut khu hng ha lin quan vo nc nhp khu) v ngnh sn xut ni a lin quan ca nc nhp khu. Vic ny c thc hin trong khun kh php lut ni a nc nhp khu v v nguyn tc khng phi l cng vic gia cc Chnh ph (Chnh ph cc nc xut khu v Chnh ph nc nhp khu). Tuy nhin, do vn ny c rng buc bi cc nguyn tc bt buc c lin quan trong Hip nh SG ca WTO nn cc thnh vin c th thng qua WTO x l nhng trng hp nc nhp khu tin hnh iu tra m vi phm WTO.

Bin php t v ca Vit Nam i vi hng ho nc ngoi

Vn bn php lut

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Bin php t v (thng mi)

Php lnh v t v trong nhp khu hng ho nc ngoi vo Vit Nam; Ngh nh 150/2003/N-CP quy nh chi tit thi hnh Php lnh v t v trong nhp khu hng ho nc ngoi vo Vit Nam; Ngh nh 04/2006/N-CP v vic thnh lp v quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn, c cu t chc ca Hi ng x l v vic chng bn ph gi, chng tr cp v t v; Ngh nh 06/2006/N-CP v vic quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca Cc qun l cnh tranh; C quan c thm quyn Cc Qun l cnh tranh - B Cng Thng: Chu trch nhim iu tra, trnh kt qu iu tra v xut cch thc x l cho c quan c thm quyn; Hi ng x l v vic t v - B Cng Thng: Xem xt, nghin cu kt qu iu tra ca Cc qun l cnh tranh, tho lun v kin ngh B trng B Cng Thng v cch thc x l; B trng B Cng Thng: Quyt nh c hoc khng p dng bin php t v. Thng tin v h tr v bin php t v Vit Nam Cc Qun l Cnh tranh, B Cng thng: c quan qun l Nh nc ph trch v vn t v i vi hng ho nhp khu t nc ngoi vo Vit Nam. Trang web: www.qlct.gov.vn Ban Php ch - Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam: n v u mi cung cp tt c cc thng tin v t v Vit Nam v trn th gii cho doanh nghip. Trang web: [www.chongbanphagia.vn]

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