1

TRNH T TNH TON THIT K B TRUYN BNH RNG TR (THNG, NGHING)

Thng s u vo: cng sut P 1 , kW (hoc mmen xon T1 , Nmm; s vng quay n1 , vg/ph; t s truyn u. 1. Chn vt liu ch to bnh rng, phng php nhit luyn, tra c tnh vt liu nh: gii hn bn, gii hn chy, rn vt liu (suy ra gii hn mi). 2. S chu k lm vic c s.
N HO = 30 HB 2,4 ,

chu k.

V: N FO1 = N FO 2 = 5.106 chu k 3. Xc nh ng sut tip xc cho php: S chu k lm vic tng ng: - Nu bnh rng lm vic vi ch ti trng v s vng quay n khng i:
N HE = 60cnLh

- Khi b truyn lm vic vi ch ti trng thay i nhiu bc:

N HE T = 60c i niti Tmax
3

- Khi b truyn lm vic vi ch ti trng thay i lin tc:

N HE = K HE N

trong N = 60cnLh vi Lh - thi gian lm vic tnh bng gi, c th c xc nh theo cng thc:
Lh = La 365 K nam 24 K n

vi: La - tui th tnh theo nm

K nam - h s lm vic trong nm K n - h s lm vic trong ngy K HE - h s ch ti trng cho trong bng 6.14 [1].

Sau tnh:

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K HL = mH

N HO N HE

Nu N HE > N HO th ly N HE = N HO tnh ton. Gi tr K HL khng c ln hn 2,4 m bo iu kin khng c bin dng do b mt rng khi lm vic. Theo bng 6.13 [1], ta chn gii hn mi tip xc OH lim ng sut tip xc cho php s b c th c xc nh theo cng thc:
OH lim 0,9
sH

[ H ] =

K HL

vi sH tra bng 6.13 [1]

Vi bnh rng tr rng thng ta chn:

[ H ] = Min{[ H 1 ] ,[ H 2 ]}
Vi bnh rng tr rng nghing ta chn:
[H] =
2 0, 5([2 H 1 ] + [ H 2 ])

hoc c th ly gn ng [ H ] 0,45 ([ H 1 ] + [ H 2 ]) Tuy nhin, gi tr [ H ] phi tha iu kin:

[ H ]min [ H ] 1, 25[ H ]min

trong [ H ]min l gi tr nh nht trong hai gi tr [ H 1 ] v [ H 2 ] . Nu iu kin trn khng tha th ta ly theo cn trn hoc cn di. 4. Xc nh ng sut un cho php: S chu k lm vic tng ng: - Nu bnh rng lm vic vi ch ti trng v s vng quay n khng i:
N FE = 60cnLh

- Khi b truyn lm vic vi ch ti trng thay i theo bc:

N FE T = 60c i ni ti , Tmax
6

khi mF = 6

(Khi rn ca rng H 350 HB v i vi bnh rng c mi mt ln chn rng th mF = 6 , khi 2 K FL 1 )

N FE T = 60c i ni ti , Tmax
9

khi mF = 9

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(Khi rn ca rng H > 350 HB v i vi bnh rng khng c mi mt ln chn rng th mF = 9 , khi 1, 6 K FL 1 ) - Khi b truyn lm vic vi ch ti trng thay i lin tc:
N FE = K FE N

trong N = 60cnLh vi Lh - thi gian lm vic tnh bng gi, c xc nh theo cng thc:
Lh = La 365 K nam 24 K n

vi: La - tui th tnh theo nm

K nam - h s lm vic trong nm K n - h s lm vic trong ngy K FE - h s ch ti trng cho trong bng 6.14 [1].

Sau tnh:
K FL = mF N FO N FE

Nu N FE > N FO th ly N FE = N FO tnh ton. Theo bng 6.13 [1], ta chn gii hn mi un OF lim ng sut un cho php tnh theo cng thc sau:
OF lim
sF

[ F ] =

K FL vi sF tra bng 6.13 [1]

Nu b truyn c bi trn tt (hp gim tc kn), ta tnh ton thit k theo bn tip xc. Nu b truyn h v bi trn khng tt, trnh hin tng gy rng, ta tnh ton theo bn un. Nu tnh ton thit k theo bn tip xc ta tnh theo trnh t: 5. Chn ng sut tip xc cho php [ H ] theo bnh b dn, l bnh rng c bn thp hn. 6. Theo bng 6.15 [1] ty thuc vo v tr bnh rng v rn b mt ta chn ba . (u + 1) Sau tnh bd = ba v chn s b h s ti trng tnh K H = K H theo bng 6.4
2

[1]. 7. Tnh ton khong cch trc aw ca b truyn bnh rng tr rng thng (mm):
PGS.TS Nguyn Hu Lc C s thit k my NXB HQG TP HCM

4 T1 K H

aw = 50(u 1) 3

ba [ H ] u

i vi b truyn bnh rng tr rng nghing th (mm):

aw = 43(u 1) 3 T1 K H

ba [ H ] u

i vi hp gim tc tiu chuNn ta chn khong cch trc theo dy tiu chuNn sau: Dy 1 Dy 2 40 140 50 180 63 225 80 280 100 355 125 450 160 ... 200 250 315 400 ...

8. Ty thuc vo rn b mt ta chn mun m (i vi bnh rng nghing l mn) theo khong cch trc aw :
m = (0, 01 0, 02)aw (ng vi H1 , H 2 350 HB ) m = (0, 0125 0, 025)aw (ng vi H1 > 45 HRC ; H 2 350 HB ) m = (0, 016 0, 0315)aw (ng vi H1 , H 2 > 45 HRC )

Sau chn theo dy tiu chuNn (dy 1 l dy u tin): Dy 1 Dy 2 1 1,25 1,5 2 2,5 3 4 5 6 1,125 1,375 1,75 2,25 2,75 3,5 4,5 5,5 8 7 10 9 12 11 16 14 20 18 25 22

Mun cng nh th s rng cng ln, khi tng kh nng chng dnh, tng h s trng khp ngang, gim ting n v khi lng lao ng ct rng, gim hao ph vt liu (gim ng knh nh), tuy nhin bn un gim xung. 9. Xc nh tng s rng theo cng thc:
z1 + z2 = z1 (1 + u ) = 2aw sau xc nh s rng z v z . 1 2 m

i vi bnh rng nghing ta cn phi chn gc nghing rng theo iu kin: 20 8o

o

cos 8o

mn z1 (u + 1) cos 20o 2 aw

Suy ra:

2aw cos8o 2aw cos 20o z1 mn (u + 1) mn (u + 1)

i vi bnh rng ch V th 40o 30o

2aw cos 30o 2a cos 40o z1 w mn (u + 1) mn (u + 1)
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Sau tnh ton s rng z2 . 10. Tnh ton li t s truyn u. Khi cn thit phi kim tra sai s u 2 3% . 11. Xc nh cc thng s hnh hc ca b truyn. Cc gi tr ng knh tnh chnh xc n 0,01mm. Thng s hnh hc Bnh dn ng knh vng chia Bnh b dn Bnh dn ng knh vng nh Bnh b dn Bnh dn ng knh vng y Bnh b dn Bnh dn Chiu rng vnh rng Bnh b dn (i vi bnh rng thng th gc nghing rng = 0 ) 12. Tnh vn tc vng bnh rng (m/s): v = theo bng 6.3 [1]. 13. Xc nh gi tr cc lc tc dng ln b truyn (N): - Lc vng : Ft 2 = Ft1 =
2T1 d1

Cng thc d1 = mz1 / cos d 2 = mz2 / cos

da1 = d1 + 2m da 2 = d2 + 2m
d f 1 = d1 2,5m

d f 2 = d2 2,5m b1 = b2 + 6

b2 = ba a

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v chn cp chnh xc b truyn

- Lc hng tm: Fr 2 = Fr1 = Ft1tg nw i vi b truyn bnh rng nghing ta tnh theo cc cng thc sau: - Lc vng : Ft 2 = Ft1 =
2T1 2T1 cos 2T2 cos = = d w1 mn z1 mn z2 Ft1tg nw cos

- Lc hng tm: Fr 2 = Fr1 =

- Lc dc trc: Fa1 = Ft1tg = Fa 2 14. Theo bng 6.5 [1] ta chn h s ti trng ng K HV v K FV (i vi bnh rng nghing th tra bng 6.6 [1]). Theo bng 6.11 [1] ta chn h s phn b ti trng khng u gia cc rng K H v K F tnh theo cng thc:
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6 4 + ( 1)(ncx 5) 4

K F =

trong : ncx - cp chnh xc b truyn. Khi ncx 5 , ta c K F = 1/ ; khi ncx 9 th K F = 1 . Suy ra: K H = K H .K HV .K H Ta c : Z M = 275MPa1/ 2 do vt liu l thp
ZH = 2 sin 2 w

i vi bnh rng nghing th:

ZH = 2 cos sin 2 tw

Z =

15. Xc nh ng sut tnh ton H trn vng n khp theo cng thc:
H =
Z M Z H Z d w1 2T1 K H (u + 1) [ H ] bwu

vi [ H ] xc nh theo cng thc y nh sau:

[ H ] = OH lim K HL Z R ZV K l K xH sH

trong : Z R - h s xt n nh hng ca nhm b mt: Khi Ra = 1, 25 0, 63 m th Z R = 1 ; khi Ra = 2,5 1, 25 m th Z R = 0, 95 ; khi Ra = 10 2,5 m th Z R = 0, 9 .

ZV - h s xt n nh hng ca vn tc vng: Khi HB 350 th ZV = 0,85v 0,1 ;

khi HB 350 th ZV = 0,925v 0,05 .

K l - h s xt n nh hng iu kin bi trn, thng thng chn K l = 1 . K xH - h s xt n nh hng ca kch thc rng: K xH = 1, 05

d 104

Cho php qu ti n 5%. Nu iu kin bn tip xc khng tha th ta tng chiu rng vnh rng b2 . Nu iu ny khng tha ta thay i khong cch trc aw hoc chn li vt liu c bn cao hn v tnh ton li.
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7
13, 2 27, 9 x + 0, 092 x 2 v xc zv zv

16. Tnh cc h s YF 1 v YF 2 theo cng thc YF = 3, 47 +

nh c tnh so snh bn un theo t s [ F ] / YF . Tnh ton tin hnh theo rng c bn thp hn (trong i vi bnh rng nghing th s rng tng ng zv tnh theo cng thc zv =
d ). mn cos 2

17. Tnh ton gi tr ng sut un ti chn rng theo cng thc:

F =
YF Ft K F [ F ] bw m

i vi bnh rng nghing th kim nghim theo cng thc sau:

F =

YF Ft K F Y Y bw mn

[ F ]

trong : K F = K F K F K Fv - h s ti trng tnh; mm - mun chia trung bnh.

Y = 1/ - h s xt n nh hng ca trng khp ngang Y = 1 /120 - h s xt n nh hng ca gc nghing rng n bn un.

Nu gi tr tnh ton nh hn nhiu so vi [ F ] th bnh thng, v khi thit k theo bn tip xc th theo bn un d bn rt nhiu. Nu iu kin bn un khng tha th ta tng mun m v tng ng gim s rng z1 , z2 (khng i khong cch trc aw ) v tin hnh tnh ton kim nghim li. Nu khong cch trc aw khng thay i th khng nh hng n bn tip xc. Nu tnh ton thit k theo bn un ta tnh theo trnh t: 5. Chn s rng bnh dn z1 17 v xc nh s rng z2 . Xc nh li chnh xc t s truyn u. Khi cn thit phi kim tra sai s u 2 3% . 6. 7. Tnh cc h s YF 1 v YF 2 theo cng thc YF = 3, 47 +
13, 2 27, 9 x + 0, 092 x 2 v xc zv zv

nh c tnh so snh bn un theo t s [ F ] / YF . Tnh ton tin hnh theo rng c bn thp hn (trong i vi bnh rng nghing th s rng tng ng zv tnh theo cng thc zv =
d ). mn cos 2

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8. Chn h s chiu rng cnh rng bd theo bng 6.16 [1] v h s xt n nh hng s phn b ti trng khng u theo chiu rng vnh rng K F theo bng 6.4 [1]. 9. Xc nh mun theo bn un bng cng thc:
m=
3

2T1 K F YF = z1 bm [ F ]

2T1 K F YF z12 bd [ F ]

trong : bm = b / m = z1 bd c gi l h s chiu rng vnh rng.. Chn m theo tiu chuNn. 10. Xc nh cc thng s hnh hc ca b truyn. Cc gi tr ng knh tnh chnh xc n 0,01mm. 11. Tnh vn tc vng bnh rng (m/s): v = theo bng 6.3 [1]. 12. Xc nh gi tr cc lc tc dng ln b truyn (N). 13. Theo bng 6.5 [1] ta chn h s ti trng ng K HV v K FV (i vi bnh rng nghing th tra bng 6.6 [1]). 14. Tnh ton gi tr ng sut un ti chn rng theo cng thc
F =
YF Ft K F [ F ] bw m

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v chn cp chnh xc b truyn

i vi bnh rng nghing th kim nghim theo cng thc sau:

F =

YF Ft K F Y Y bw mn

[ F ]

vi [ F ] xc nh theo cng thc y nh sau:

[ F ] = OF lim K FLYRYxY K FC sF

trong : K FC - h s xt n nh hng khi quay hai chiu n bn mi; K FC = 1 khi quay mt chiu, K FC = 0, 7 0,8 khi quay hai chiu.
YR - h s xt n nh hng ca nhm: YR = 1 khi phay v mi rng; YR = 1, 05 1, 2 khi nh bng. Yx - h s kch thc: khi ti b mt v thm nit th Yx = 1, 05 0, 005 m ; i vi

gang xm th Yx = 1, 075 0, 01 m .

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- h s nhy vt liu bnh rng n s tp trung ti trng: Y = 1, 082 0 ,172 lg m .

Y

Cho php qu ti n 5%. Khng cn kim nghim theo bn tip xc. Nu iu kin bn un khng tha th ta tng mun rng m, hoc thay i vt liu hoc phng php nhit luyn v tnh ton li.

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