1/6 Giao Tip Ni Tip RS-232

1/ Giao tip qua cng ni tip (COM) Giao tip qua cng COM c s dng kh ph bin. D liu truyn cng ny thuc dng d liu ni tip. Tn hiu truyn cng ny c th truyn i xa nh c cu to ng dy cp t si hn cng song song, mc p tn hiu cao. Cng COM c loi 9 chn v loi 25 chn nh cng song song, c tng cng 8 ng dn tn hiu khng k ng ni t. Cng COM giao tip theo chun RS-232 v thng c s dng giao tip gia my tnh v Modem hoc giao tip vi Mouse. D liu c truyn di dng ni tip vi tc cc i l 20Kbps, khong cch ti a khng qu 15m. Chiu di ca d liu c th di bt k nhng thng thng trong 1byte ch di 7 n 8 bit kt hp cc bit xut pht(Start bit) v bit dng(Stop bit), Parity bit to thnh mt Frame. Cc thit b pht v nhn phi c cng di d liu. Ngoi cc ng d liu, cng giao tip ny cn c cc ng iu khin thu pht v kim tra li. Cng ni tip c s dng truyn d liu hai chiu gia my tnh v ngoi vi, c cc u im sau: - Khong cch truyn xa hn truyn song song. - S dy kt ni t. - C th truyn khng dy dng hng ngoi. - C th ghp ni vi vi iu khin hay PLC (Programmable Logic Device). - Cho php ni mng. - C th tho lp thit b trong lc my tnh ang lm vic. - C th cung cp ngun cho cc mch in n gin Cc thit b ghp ni chia thnh 2 loi: DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) v DCE (Data Communication Equipment). DCE l cc thit b trung gian nh MODEM cn DTE l cc thit b tip nhn hay truyn d liu nh my tnh, PLC, vi iu khin, Vic trao i tn hiu thng thng qua 2 chn RxD (nhn) v TxD (truyn). Cc tn hiu cn li c chc nng h tr thit lp v iu khin qu trnh truyn, c gi l cc tn hiu bt tay (handshake). u im ca qu trnh truyn dng tn hiu bt tay l c th kim sot ng truyn. Tn hiu truyn theo chun RS-232 ca EIA (Electronics Industry Associations). Chun RS232 quy nh mc logic 1 ng vi in p t -3V n -25V (mark), mc logic 0 ng vi in p t 3V n 25V (space) v c kh nng cung cp dng t 10 mA n 20 mA. Ngoi ra, tt c cc ng ra u c c tnh chng chp mch. Chun RS-232 cho php truyn tn hiu vi tc n 20.000 bps nhng nu cp truyn ngn c th ln n 115.200 bps.

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2/6 Giao Tip Ni Tip RS-232

Cc phng thc ni gia DTE v DCE: - n cng (simplex connection): d liu ch c truyn theo 1 hng. - Bn song cng ( half-duplex): d liu truyn theo 2 hng, nhng mi thi im ch c truyn theo 1 hng. - Song cng (full-duplex): s liu c truyn ng thi theo 2 hng. nh dng ca khung truyn d liu theo chun RS-232 nh sau:

STAR

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

STOP

Khi khng truyn d liu, ng truyn s trng thi mark (in p -10V). Khi bt u truyn, DTE s a ra xung Start (space: 10V) v sau ln lt truyn t D0 n D7 v Parity, cui cng l xung Stop (mark: -10V) khi phc trng thi ng truyn. Dng tn hiu truyn m t nh sau (truyn k t A): Cc c tnh k thut ca chun RS-232 nh sau: Chiu di cable cc i Tc d liu cc i in p ng ra cc i in p ng ra c ti Tr khng ti in p ng vo nhy ng vo Tr khng ng vo 15m 20 Kbps 25V 5V n 15V 3K n 7K 15V +3V 3K n 7K

Cc tc truyn d liu thng dng trong cng ni tip l: 1200 bps, 4800 bps,9600 bps v 19200 bps. S chn: Cng COM c hai dng: u ni DB25 (25 chn) v u ni DB9 (9 chn) m t nh hnh trn. ngha ca cc chn m t nh sau:

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3/6 Giao Tip Ni Tip RS-232

D25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 20 22 23 24 15 17 18 21 14

D9 3 2 7 8 6 5 1 4 9 -

TN HIU TxD RxD RTS CTS DSR GND DCD DTR RI DSRD TSET TSET RESET LL RL STxD

HNG TRUYN DTEDCE DCEDTE DTEDCE DCEDTE DCEDTE DCEDTE DTEDCE DCEDTE DCEDTE DTEDCE DCEDTE DCEDTE DCEDTE DTEDCE

M T Protected ground: ni t bo v Transmitted data: d liu truyn Received data: d liu nhn Request to send: DTE yu cu truyn d liu Clear to send: DCE sn sng nhn d liu Data set ready: DCE sn sng lm vic Ground: ni t (0V)18 Data carier detect: DCE pht hin sng mang Data terminal ready: DTE sn sng lm vic Ring indicator: bo chung Data signal rate detector: d tc truyn Transmit Signal Element Timing: tn hiu nh thi truyn i t DTE Transmitter Signal Element Timing: tn hiu nh thi truyn t DCE truyn d liu Receiver Signal Element Timing: tn hiu nh thitruyn t DCE truyn d liu Local Loopback: kim tra cng Remote Loopback: To ra bi DCE khi tn hiu nhn t DCE li Secondary Transmitted Data

2/ Gii thiu v RS-232 Gii thiu: RS-232 (tng ng chu u l CCITT V.24) c dng ch yu trong giao tip gia hai DTE, v d gia hai my tnh (PC, PLC), gia my tnh v my in, hoc gia mt DTE v mt DCE, v d my tnh v Modem. RS-232 s dng phng thc truyn khng i xng, tc l s dng tn hiu chnh lch gia mt dy dn vi t. Mc in p c s dng dao ng trong khong t -15V ti 15V. Trong khong t 3V n 15V ng vi gi tr logic 0, khong t -15V n -3V ng vi gi tr logic 1. Chnh v t -3V n 3V l phm vi khng c nh ngha, trong trng hp thay i gi tr t logic 0 ln 1 hoc t 1 ti 0 mt phi vt qua khong qa trong thi gian ngn hp l. Tc truyn dn a s ph thuc vo chiu di dy dn. a s cc h thng hin nay ch h tr tc 19.2 kBd ( chiu di cho php t 30m n 50m) gn y, s tin b trong vi mch gp phn nng cao tc ca cc modem ln nhiu ln ngng 19.2 kBd. Hin nay c nhng vi mch thu pht tc 460 kBd v hn na, tuy nhin tc thc t ln hn 115.2 kBd theo chun RS-232 trong mt h thng lm vic da vo ngt l mt iu kin c th thc hin.

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4/6 Giao Tip Ni Tip RS-232

Ch lm vic ca h thng RS-232 l hai chiu ton phn, tc l hai thit b tham gia c th thu v pht tn hiu cng mt lc. Nh vy, vic thc hin truyn thng cn ti thiu 3 dy dn trong c hai dy tn hiu ni cho nhau cc u thu pht ca hai trm v mt dy t. Mt u im ca chun RS-232 l c th s dng cng sut pht tng i thp, nh tr khng u vo hn ch trong phm vi t 3-7k . Thng S in p u ra h mch in p u ra khi c ti Tr khng u vo khi ct ngun Dng ra ngn mch in dung ti Tr khng u vo Ngng cho gi tr logic 0 Ngng cho gi tr logic 1 3K RL 7K -2V V0 2V 3V VI 25V 3K -3V 5V iu Kin Ti Thiu Ti a 25V 15V 300 500mA 2500pF 7K 3V

Bng tm tt cc thng s hot ng Max-232

in p thay i t 5V n 10V c thay i nh s bm in. u tin t C1 s bm in p t 5V n 10V v lu tr in p 10V cho t C1 th t C3 c vai tr l lu tr in p 10V ng ra. Th hai s dng t C2 l bin i t 10V sang -10V v lu tr in p -10V th t C4 c vai tr lu tr in p -10V ng ra.

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5/6 Giao Tip Ni Tip RS-232

IC MAX-232: Max-232 l IC thng c dng trong lnh vc giao tip vi my tnh, theo chun RS-232, MAX-232 c nhiu loi, y ch cp n loi MAX-232E c 16 chn. Vi in p l 5V th in ra ca ng xut s dao ng trong khong 8V khi ti ng nhn c gi tr l 5k , trong iu kin ti t nht mc in p ti thiu ng ra cng phi dao ng trong khong 5V.Gm c mt ti 3k , in p ti thiu, v mt nhit hot ng ti a. Trong mt mch in m rng th in p ng ra dao ng trong khong t (V+ - 0,6V) n V- . Ngng ng vo ca hai h CMOS/TTL phi tng thch vi nhau. Max 232 khng c in tr ko ln ng vo chn pht.

Hnh dng v cu to ca MAX-232 Ng nhn ca RS-232 s chuyn i tn hiu n ng ra ca con CMOS-logic. m bo ngng vo ca ng nhn t c 0.8V v 2.4V th iu c ngha l phi nh hn ngng 3V (theo bt buc v c im k thut ca EIA/TIA-232E). iu ny cho php ng vo nhn (receiver) phn ng li mc hp l ca TTL/CMOS cng ging nh ca RS-232. Vic bo m ngng vo mc thp 0.8V l s m bo c rng ng nhn khng th tn ti lu trng thi ng ra mc 1. in tr 5k ng vo hon ton m bo c rng ng nhn vi ng vo tng ng s ch c duy nht mt ng ra mc 1. Ng vo nhn ch sai lch xp x 0.5V. iu ny lm cho ng ra c chuyn trng thi nhanh gn hn, thm ch vi tn hiu tng chm hoc gim theo thi gian th lng tn hiu nhiu cng va phi hn.

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3/ Khi giao tip

Do ngun s dng l 5VDC v khong cch truyn khng qu xa khong t 1.5 3m v hot ng trong mi trng khng qu phc tp nn ta chn RS-232 Nguyn l hot ng :

Khi c mt tn hiu ( l cc mc in p) t mt trong hai khi l my ch v t vi x l th RS-232 s chuyn cc tn hiu thnh cc mc tn hiu ph hp kt ni hai khi ny li vi nhau iu khin thit b vi cc mc logic nh sau: mc logic 1 s l t -3V n -12V v logic 0 s t 3V n 12V v n c th bin i cc mc in p ny l nh 4 t ha C1, C5, C3, C4 Cc thng s k thut: -in p ln nht c th cho qua l 30V - Dng cp cho RS-232 trong khong 5 10mA. - Hot ng trong khong tm nhit -650C +1650C - Cc t bm in p nn s dng 1uf, y ta chn l 10uF

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