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I CNG HA HC HU C
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
A ng SGK 11 nng cao 102 B ng SGK 11 nng cao 123 C sai SGK 11 nng cao 123
D ng SGK 11 nng cao 124
VD: C sai : M = 60 ; C3H7OH ; CH3COOH Khc nhau v cng thc phn t
=> C
Cu 9: Kt lun no sau y l ng ?
A. Cc nguyn t trong phn t hp cht hu c lin kt vi nhau khng theo mt th t nht nh.
B. Cc cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm -CH2-, do tnh cht ha hc khc nhau
l nhng cht ng ng.
C. Cc cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau v cng thc cu to c gi l cc cht ng ng
ca nhau.
D. Cc cht khc nhau c cng cng thc phn t c gi l cc cht ng phn ca nhau.
A sai v khng theo mt hng nht nh Khng phi th t
B sai Tnh cht ha hc ging nhau Khng phi khc nhau
C sai l ng phn
D ng ngc ca C SGK 11 nng cao 123 => D
Cu 10: Hin tng cc cht c cu to v tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau, chng ch hn km nhau mt hay nhiu
nhm metylen (-CH2-) c gi l hin tng
A. ng phn.
B. ng v.
C. ng ng.
D. ng khi.
SGK 11 nng cao 123
Cu 11: Hp cht cha mt lin kt trong phn t thuc loi hp cht
A. khng no.
B. mch h.
C. thm.
D. no hoc khng no.
SGK 11 nng cao 155 ; Hp cht khng no l trong lin kt C vi C c cha lin kt i hoc lin kt 3 hay cha lin
kt pi SGK 11 nng cao 124 => A
Cu 12: Hp cht hu c c phn loi nh sau:
A. Hirocacbon v hp cht hu c c nhm chc.
B. Hirocacbon v dn xut ca hirocacbon.
C. Hirocacbon no, khng no, thm v dn xut ca hirocacbon.
D. Tt c u ng.
SGK 11 nng cao 106 => D
Cu 13: Pht biu khng chnh xc l:
A. Tnh cht ca cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t v cu to ha hc.
B. Cc cht c cng khi lng phn t l ng phn ca nhau.
C. Cc cht l ng phn ca nhau th c cng cng thc phn t.
D. S xen ph trc to thnh lin kt , s xen ph bn to thnh lin kt .
Ging cu 9 => B sai
A ng da vo thnh phn phn t Cha cht no : C, H , Cl , N , O Cu to ha hc ng phn
C ng SGK 11 nng cao 123
D ng SGK 11 nng cao 124 => B
Cu 14: Nung mt hp cht hu c X vi lng d cht oxi ha CuO ngi ta thy thot ra kh CO 2, hi H2O v kh
N2. Chn kt lun chnh xc nht trong cc kt lun sau :
A. X chc chn cha C, H, N v c th c hoc khng c oxi.
B. X l hp cht ca 3 nguyn t C, H, N.
C. Cht X chc chn c cha C, H, c th c N.
D. X l hp cht ca 4 nguyn t C, H, N, O.
SGK 11 nng cao 112 ; X chc chn c C, H , N v to ra CO2, H2O , N2 Bo ton nguyn t trc v sau p =>
cn li c th hoc khng c oxi Xt thng oxi ny theo nh lng cc nguyn t khc => A
Cu 15: Cho hn hp cc ankan sau : pentan (si 36oC), heptan (si 98oC), octan (si 126oC), nonan (si
151oC). C th tch ring cc cht bng cch no sau y ?
A. Kt tinh.
B. Chng ct
C. Thng hoa.
D. Chit.
SGK 11 nng cao - 103 . tch cc cht lng c nhit khc nhau nhiu ngi ta thng dng chng ct thng.
=> B
Cu 16: Cc cht trong nhm cht no di y u l dn xut ca hirocacbon ?
A. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, NaCl, CH3Br, CH3CH2Br.
B. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH3Br, CH2=CHCOOH, CH3CH2OH.
C. CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3Br, CH3CH3.
D. HgCl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3CH2Br.
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
A. (I), (II).
B. (I), (III).
ng phn lp th SGK 11 nng cao 127
iu kin c ng phn hnh hc l R1 # R2 v R3 # R4
C. (II), (III).
R3
C=C
R2
R4
I sai v R3 ging R4 CH3=> Loi A , B , D V u cha I => C ng Hoc nhn thy ng k
C
Cu 21: Cho cc cht sau : CH2=CH-CCH (1) ; CH2=CHCl (2) ; CH3CH=C(CH3)2 (3) ;
CH3CH=CH-CH=CH2 (4) ; CH2=CHCH=CH2 (5) ; CH3CH=CHBr (6). Cht nao sau y co ng phn hinh hoc?
A. 2, 4, 5, 6.
B. 4, 6.
C. 2, 4, 6.
D. 1, 3, 4.
CH2=CH-CCH (1) ; CH2=CHCl (2) khng c ng phn hnh hc v R1 ging R2 H
Loi A , C , D v cha 1 v 2 => B
4 ng v nu xt ni i u tin => R1# R2 CH3 # H ; R3 # R4 CH=CH2 # H
Ni i th 2 khng c ng phn hnh hc v R3 ging R4 H
5 sai v xt ni i 1 th R1 ging R2 H , ni i 2 th R3 ging R4 H
6 ng R1 # R2 CH3 # H ; R3 # R4 H # Br
Cu 22: Hp cht hu c no sau y khng c ng phn cis-trans ?
A. 1,2-icloeten.
B. 2-metyl pent-2-en. C. but-2-en.
D. pent-2-en.
A . 1,2 icloeten ClCH=CHCl R1 #R2 v R3#R4 Cl # H => c ng phn hnh hc
B . 2 metyl pent 2 en CH3 - (CH3)C = CH-CH2 R1 ging R2 CH3 => khng c ng phn hh
=> B
C. But 2 en CH3 CH = CH CH3 => c thy R1 # R2 , R3 # R4 CH3 # H
D . pent 2 en CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH3 => c ng phn hh R1 # R2 CH3 # H R3 # R4 H # CH2
CH3
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
AD bi 27 => Tng s lin kt + vng = (2.20 30 +2)/2 = 6 => s lin kt = Tng s - s vng = 5 V c 1
vng => C
b. Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 la cht mau o trong qua ca chua, chi cha lin kt i va lin kt n trong phn
t. Hiro hoa hoan toan licopen c hirocacbon C 40H82. Vy licopen co
A. 1 vong; 12 ni i.
B. 1 vong; 5 ni i.
C. 4 vong; 5 ni i.
D. mach h; 13 ni i.
Hidro ha to thnh C40H82 => C40H56 khng c lin kt vng V khng th ph vng
AD bi 27 => s = (2.40 56 + 2)/2 = 13 => 13 ni i. => D
Cu 29: Metol C10H20O va menton C10H18O chung u co trong tinh du bac ha. Bit phn t metol khng co ni i,
con phn t menton co 1 ni i. Vy kt lun nao sau y la ung ?
A. Metol va menton u co cu tao vong.
B. Metol co cu tao vong, menton co cu tao mach h.
C. Metol va menton u co cu tao mach h.
D. Metol co cu tao mach h, menton co cu tao vong.
AD bi 27 => Metol C10H20O c tng s + vng = (2.10 20 +2)/2 = 1 => 1 vng V metol ko c ni i
Menton C10H18O c tng s + vng = (2.10 18 + 2) = 2 => 1 vng V menton c 1 ni i
=> C 2 u c vng => A
Cu 30: Trong hp cht CxHyOz th y lun lun chn v y 2x+2 l do:
A. a 0 (a l tng s lin kt v vng trong phn t).
B. z 0 (mi nguyn t oxi to c 2 lin kt).
C. mi nguyn t cacbon ch to c 4 lin kt.
D. cacbon v oxi u c ha tr l nhng s chn.
Tha mn cng thc kia => Ha tr C = 4 ; Ha tr O = 2 => u l s chn
Cu 31: Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H9O2Cl l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD bi 27 => Tng s + vng = (5.2 9 + 2 -1) / 2 = 1 => B
Cu 32: Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H12O2 l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD bi 27 => Tng s + vng = (5.2 12 +2)/2 = 0 => A
Cu 33: Cng thc tng qut ca dn xut iclo mch h c cha mt lin kt ba trong phn t l
A. CnH2n-2Cl2.
B. CnH2n-4Cl2.
C. CnH2nCl2.
D. CnH2n-6Cl2.
Cng thc c dng CnHyCl2 V iclo hay 2 Cl
Cha 1 lin kt 3 => 2 khng vng
=> AD bi 27 => Tng s + vng = 2 = (2n y +2 -2) /2 => y = 2n 4 => CnH2n-4Cl2 => B
Cu 34: Cng thc tng qut ca dn xut ibrom khng no mch h cha a lin kt l
A. CnH2n+2-2aBr2.
B. CnH2n-2aBr2.
C. CnH2n-2-2aBr2. D. CnH2n+2+2aBr2.
Tng t 33 => a = (2n y +2 -2) / 2 => y = 2n 2a => CnH2n-2aBr2 => B
Cu 35: Hp cht hu c c cng thc tng qut CnH2n+2O2 thuc loi
A. ancol hoc ete no, mch h, hai chc.
B. anehit hoc xeton no, mch h, hai chc.
C. axit hoc este no, n chc, mch h.
D. hiroxicacbonyl no, mch h.
CnH2n+2O2 => AD bi 27 : => Tng s + vng = (2n 2n 2 + 2) / 2 = 0
Khng th l axit COOH , este COO , andehit CHO , xetonCO , hidroxicacbonylOH R COOH v
u c 1 lin kt Xem SGK bit thm lin kt pi trong cc gc
A Ancol v ete khng cha lin kt 2 chc v c 2Oxi
Cu 36: Ancol no mch h c cng thc tng qut chnh xc nht l
A. R(OH)m.
B. CnH2n+2Om.
C. CnH2n+1OH. D. CnH2n+2-m(OH)m.
Tng qut cch xc nh cng thc tng qut ca mi cht.
Cch 1:CnH2n +2 - 2a m (Chc)m
Cch 2: CnH2n+ 2 2aXb X thng l Oxi ; b l s X trong cht
Cch 1 : a khng tnh s pi trong chc , Cch 2: a tnh c s pi trong chc
Ty vo tng bi s s dng Cch 1 hoc cch 2
VD : Tm CTTQ : Axit 2 chc c 1 lin kt pi trong hidrocacbon
Cch 1: a = 1 1 lk pi m =2 v c 2 chc COOH => CnH2n+2 2 2(COOH)2
Hay Cn+2H2nO4 Cn+2H2(n+2) -4O4 hay CmH2m-4O4 CTTQ c dng CnHyOz
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
C2H5
=> 5 p xicloankan
CH3
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 10.
C9H12 c k = (2.9 12 +2)/2 = 4 => Aren bezen k 4 thng ny c 3 v tr o,m,p SGK 11 nng cao 187
V nh trn word kh nn mnh quy ra 6 im trn vng benzen SGK cho d hiu
C6H5 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 v tr 1 cng ging nh cc v tr cn li=> 1
C6H5 CH(CH2) CH3 CH(CH2) CH3 v tr 1 cng ging v tr cn li => 1
CH3 C6H4 C2H5 CH3 v tr 1 cn C2H5 ln lt v tr 2 ging 6, 3 ging 5 , 4 => 3
CH3 C6H4 (CH3) CH3 1 CH3 v tr 1 , 2CH3 cn li 2 v 3 3 ci lin tip , 2 v 4 ging 6 v 4 2 ci
cch nhau + 1 ci cch , 3 v 5 3 ci cch nhau 1 v tr => 3
=> 8 ng phn => B Phn ny hi kh hiu cht quan trng l hiu 3 ci lin tip , 2 ci lin tip + 1 ci cch , 3
ci cch nhau i vi C9H12
Cu 49: S lng ng phn cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phn t C9H10 l:
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 6.
C9H10 c k = 5 => Aren + 1 lin kt pi Ch ng phn hnh hc
C6H5 CH=CH CH3 CH = CH CH3 v tr 1 ging nh mi v tr C ng phn hnh hc => 2
C6H5 CH2 CH = CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 v tr 1 ging mi v tr
ko c p hnh hc v dng R = CH2 => 1
C6H5 C(CH3)=CH2 Ko c p hh =>1
CH2 = CH C6H4 CH3 CH2 = CH v tr 1 cn CH3 ln lt v tr 2 , 3 , 4 ko c p hh => 3
=> 7 p => A
Cu 50: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H5Br3 l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
C3H5Br3 c k = (2.3 5 +2 - 3)/2 = 0 => C3H5Br3 ton lin kt n Ging ankan
V 3C => khng c mch nhnh => ch cn thay i s Br => cch vit.
Br - CH2 CH(Br) CH2(Br) ; C(Br)3-CH2-CH3; CH2(Br)-C(Br)2-CH3 ; CH(Br)2-CH(Br) - CH3 ; CH(Br)2
CH2 CH2(Br) => 5 p => C
Cu 51: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H5Cl l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
C3H5Cl c k = (2.3 5 +2 1)/2 = 1 => anken 1 lin kt i p hnh hc hoc xicloankan 1 vng
1 lin kt i .
Cl - CH= CH CH3 c p hnh hc => 2
CH2=C(Cl)-CH3 ko c p hnh hc => 1
CH2 = CH CH2(Cl) ko c p hnh hc => 1
Mch vng: CH2 CH2
CH(CL)
=> 1
=> c 5 p => C
Cu 52: Hp cht C4H10O c s ng phn ancol v tng s ng phn l:
A. 7 v 4.
B. 4 v 7.
C. 8 v 8.
D.10 v 10.
C4H10O => k = (2.4 10 + 2)/2 = 0
p ancol no n chc : 2 n-2 n l s C; 1 < n < 6 => p ancol C4H10O l 22 = 4 => B Xem CT tnh trong file trn
p ancol no R OH => gc OH gn vo C no ;
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH ; CH3 CH(OH) CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 OH ;
CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) OH => 4
Dng bi CnH2n+2O c 2 loi l ancol no n chc mch h n1 v ete no n chc mch h n2
Xem trong file down load trn phn CnH2n+2O
ng phn ete O
CH3 O CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH2 O CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) O CH3 => 3
=> p C4H10O l 7 4 ancol + 3 ete
Cu 53: S lng ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
C3H6O c k = (3.2 6 +2) /2 = 1 3 C => ch c mch thng
Dng bi CnH2nO c p ca
Andehit - CHO no n chc n1
Xeton CO - no n chc , mch h n 3
Ancol - OH no 1 pi , mch h n 3 Ch thng ny lin quan n k h bin ca ru
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
Ete O - no 1 pi , mch h n 3
Xem trong file down load
Andehit CHO ; CH3 CH2 CHO; =>1
Xeton CO : CH3 CO CH3 => 1
Ancol c 1pi CH2 = CH CH2 OH =>1
Tng qut : R - CH = CH OH => R CH2 CHO
Ete : CH2=CH O CH3 => 1
4 p Mi mt loi c 1 p => C
Ch khng c CH3 CH =CH OH n s b h bin to thnh andehit CH3 CH2 CHO
Khi OH gn vo C khng no lin kt i => H bin to thnh andehit
Xem Video ca nguyn tn trung v k h bin ca ru :
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Cu 54: S lng ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C4H6O2 tc dng c vi NaHCO3 l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Dng cht hu c p vi NaHCO3 => CH c Axit COOH
C4H6O2 => k = (2.4 6 +2) /2 = 2 pi => c 1 pi trong hidrocacbon Ch p hnh hc
V 1 pi trong COOH
Mch h => ko c trng hp mch vng
CH2 = CH CH2 COOH ko c p hnh hc => 1
CH3 CH =CH COOH c p hnh hc => 2
CH2=C(CH2) COOH ko c p hnh hc =>1
=> 4 p tha mn => C
Cu 55: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C4H11N l:
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 10.
C4H11N => k = (2.4 -11 + 2 +1)/2 = 0 => Amin no n chc
CT tnh s p amin no n chc CnH2n+3N: 2 n-1 1<n<5 => p C4H11N = 2 3 = 8 => B Xem file down load
Amin c p bc 1 , bc 2 , bc 3 Bc ca amin l s lin kt to thnh gia C v N
CH2(NH2) CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(NH2) CH2 CH3 ; CH2(NH2) CH(CH3) CH3
CH3 (CH3)C(NH2) CH3; => 4 p bc 1
CH3 NH CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH2 NH CH2 CH3 ; CH3 NH CH(CH) CH3
CH3 N(CH3) CH2 CH3
=> 8 p tha mn => B
Cu 56: Mt hp cht hu c X c khi lng phn t l 26. em t X ch thu c CO 2 v H2O. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. C2H2.
D. CH2O.
M = 26 => Ch c C ph hp
Cu 57: Mt hp cht hu c A c M = 74. t chy A bng oxi thu c kh CO2 v H2O. C bao nhiu cng thc
phn t ph hp vi A?
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. A.1.
Phn ny ln xem bi ging ca Nguyn Tn trung bit thm cch tm da vo M C li gii bi ny
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PP gii bi tp tm cng thc PT khibit khi lng phn t M
Bc 1 : t CTTQ : CxHyOzNtXuNav X l halogen ; thng l CxHyOz v cho p to ra CO2 v H2O
Thng zy bc ny ko cn X thng l Cl hoc Br
Bc 2: Lp phng trnh a s: M= 12x + y + 16z +14t + 35,5u + 23vThng l 12x + y + 16z = M *
Nu l * => Bc 1: cz < M => min gi ch ca z
Bc 2 : Xt z tm ra x v y => CTPT
iu kin ha tr vi CxHyOzNtXuNav X thng Cl , Br
0 < y 2x + 2 +t u v Thng l 0 < y 2x + 2 i vi CxHyOz
=> y lun chn
Gii bi trn
Gi CT l CxHyOz => M = 12 x + y + 16z = 74
16z < 74 => z ch c th l : 1 ; 2 ; 3; 4
Xt z = 1 12x + y = 58 => y = 58 12x
K : 0 < y 2x + 2 + t u ly t k = (2x - y + 2 t +u)/2 v k 0 do lin kt 0 => y 2x + 2 v y >
0 Do cht hu c lun c H Da vo y 2x + 2 => y lun l s chn.
y = 58 12x
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
Xt bng :
ch c x = 4 v y = 10 tha mn => C4H10O
Xt z = 2 12x + y = 42 => y = 42 12x
Ta c 0 < y 2x + 2 => 0 < 42 12x 2x + 2 2,8 x < 3,5 => x = 3 => y = 6 => C3H6O2
Xt z = 3 12x +y = 26 y = 26 12x
=> 0 < 26 12x 2x +2 1,71 x < 2,17 => x = 2 => y = 2 => C2H2O3
=> 3 cng thc tha mn => C
Cu 58: Mt hp cht hu c A c t khi so vi khng kh bng bng 2. t chy hon ton A bng kh O 2 thu c
CO2 v H2O. C bao nhiu cng thc phn t ph hp vi A ?
A. 2.
B. A. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
D (A /kk) = MA / 29 = 2 => MA = 58
Gi CTTQ : CxHyOz => 12x + y + 16z = 58
16z < 58 => z ch c th l : 1, 2, 3
Xt z = 1 => 12x + y = 42 => y = 42 12x hay 0 < 42 12x 2x + 2 2,86 x < 3,5
=> x = 3 => y = 6 => C3H6O
Xt z = 2 => 12x + y = 26 => y = 26 12x hay 0 < 26 12x 2x + 2 1,71 x < 2,17 => x = 2
y = 2 => C2H2O2
Xt z = 3 => 12x + y = 10 => loi v x = 0
=> 2 cng thc phn t ph hp => A
Cu 59: Hp cht X c thnh phn % v khi lng : C (85,8%) v H (14,2%). Hp cht X l
A. C3H8.
B. C4H10.
C. C4H8.
D. kt qu khc.
Tm CT da vo % ca cc thnh phn SGK 11 nng cao 115 Xem qua v d SGK hiu
%C + % H = 100 % => X c CTn gin : (CxHy)n
x : y = %C / 12 : %H / 1 = 7,15 : 14,2 = 1 : 2
Mo tm ra t l nguyn 1 : 2 => Ly cc s chia cho s nh nht
=> Cng thc n gin : (CH2)n
Vi n = 4 => C Ph hp => C
Cu 60: Hp cht X c %C = 54,54% ; %H = 9,1%, cn li l oxi. Khi lng phn t ca X bng 88. CTPT ca X
l:
A. C4H10O.
B. C5H12O.
C. C4H10O2.
D. C4H8O2.
%O = 100% - %C - %H = 36,36% ; Gi CTG : (CxHyOz)n
x : y : z = %C / 12 : %H / 1 : %O / 16 = 4,545 : 9,1 : 2,2725 = 2 : 4 : 1 Chia c 2 , 2725
=> Cng thc n gin nht : (C2H4O)n
Ta c M = 88 => (12.2 + 4 + 16).n = 88 => n = 2 => CT : C4H8O2 => D
Cu 61: Phn tch hp cht hu c X thy c 3 phn khi lng cacbon li c 1 phn khi lng hiro, 7 phn khi
lng nit v 8 phn lu hunh. Trong CTPT ca X ch c 1 nguyn t S, vy CTPT ca X l
A. CH4NS.
B. C2H2N2S.
C. C2H6NS.
D. CH4N2S.
p n => X cha C, H , N , S => Gi CTG: CxHyNzSt
Chn 1 phn l 1g => mC = 3g ; mH = 1 g ; mN = 7g ; mS = 8g
mC mH mN mS
:
:
:
Ly cng thc t s mol Gi a l mol CxHyNzSt
12 1 14 32
m m m m
=> nC = ax ; nH = ay ; nN = az ; nS = at => nC : nH : nN : nS = x : y : z : t = C : H : N : S
12 1 14 32
3 1 7 8
: : : = 0,25 : 1 : 0,5 : 0,25 = 1 : 4 : 2 : 1 => CTDDGN (CH4N2S)n
=> x : y : z : t =
12 1 14 32
x:y:z:t=
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CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
mC mH mO mN
:
:
:
= 6 : 5 : 2 : 1 => (C6H5O2N)n
12 1 16 14
ADCT :
nC =
m CO 2
44
VCO 2
22,4
mC = nC .12 Hay mC =
mCO 2
44
12 =
VCO 2
22,4
12
2- Xac nh khoi lng H thong qua cac san pham chay : Khoi lng H2O
Trong mot so trng hp dung chat hap thu H 2O : CaCl2, P2O5, H2SO4 ac ... th khoi
lng bnh tang la khoi lng nc thu c
n H2O =
m H2 O
18
nH = n H2O .2
* Trong trng hp d kien cho hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ... d
th khoi lng bnh tang : m gam th khoi lng nay chnh la khoi lng CO2 va khoi
lng nc
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- 11 -
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
* Trong trng hp d kien cho: hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ... d
thu c m gam ket tua ong thi khoi lng dung dch giam n gam: Th n CO 2 = n va
m - ( m H2O + m CO 2 )= mgiam
Nen t ay ta co: m H2O = m - (mgiam - m CO 2 )
3- Xac nh khoi lng N: Thng trong bai toan ot th Nit giai phong dang N 2
phng phap xac nh thng cho san pham i qua chat hap thu nc, CO 2 sau o
thu kh con lai la N2 hoac hon hp N2 va O2 d nen tuy trng hp ma tnh toan
n N2 =
VN0 2
22,4
nN = 2. n N2 mN = nN.14 = n N2 .28
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- 12 -
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
thu c m gam ket tua ong thi khoi lng dung dch giam n gam: Th n CO 2 = n va
m - ( m H2O + m CO 2 )= mgiam
Nen t ay ta co: mH2O = m - (mgiam +mCO2)
Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thy c 39,4 gam kt ta, khi lng dung dch
gim i 24,3 gam
=> nCO2 = nBaCO3 Kt ta = 0,2 mol P CO2 + Ba(OH)2 => BaCO3 + H2O => nC = nCO2 = 0,2
=> mH2O = m - (mgiam +mCO2) = 39,4 (24,3 + 0,2.44) = 6,3g => nH2O = 0,35 mol => nH
= 0,7
PT p CxHyNt +(x + y/4)O2 => xCO2 + y/2H2O + t/2N2
34,72 lt gm N2 trong khng kh v N2 to thnh do p .
BT nguyn t Oxi trc v sau p => 2nO2 p = 2nCO2 + nH2O =2.0,2 + 0,35 =0,75
=> nO2 p = 0,375 mol => VO2 p = 8,4 lt => VN2 trong kk = 4VO2 = 33,6 lt
V O2 chim 1/5; N chim 4/5 => VN2 to thnh sau p = 34,72 33,6 = 1,12 lt => nN2 =0,05 mol => mol N
= 0,1 mol
x : y : t = nC : nH : nN = 0,2 : 0,7 : 0,1 = 2 : 7 : 1 => (C2H7N)n => n = 1 p n 2C => A ng
Cu 71: Oxi ha hon ton 4,02 gam mt hp cht hu c X ch thu c 3,18 gam Na 2CO3 v 0,672 lt kh CO2.
CTGN ca X l:
A. CO2Na.
B. CO2Na2.
C. C3O2Na.
D. C2O2Na.
Cch 1: Ly 4,02 chia cho M tng p n S mol p nht th chn 1 p 3 ko p => 1 p ng
Mo ny nhm loi i cc p n sai
A.CO2Na c M = 67 => chia p 0,06 mol => A d ng
B.CO2Na2 c M = 90 => Chia l => Loi
Tng t C . D u chia l => 1 p 3 l => 1 ng => A ng.
p n => X cha C,O,Na => Gi CTGN: (CxOyNaz)n
AD BT nguyn t C => nC = nNa2CO2 + nCO2 = 0,03 + 0,03 = 0,06 mol
nNa= 2nNa2CO3 = 0,06 mol
mO = mX mC mNa = 4,02 0,06.12 0,06.23 = 1,92 => nO = 0,12mol
x : y : z = nC : nO2 : nNa = 0,06 : 0,12 : 0,06 = 1 : 2 : 1 => CTGN: CO2Na => A
Cu 72: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon trong 0,5 lt hn hp ca n vi CO 2 bng 2,5 lt O2 thu c 3,4 lt kh.
Hn hp ny sau khi ngng t ht hi nc cn 1,8 lt, tip tc cho hn hp kh cn li qua dung dch kim d th cn
li 0,5 lt kh. Cc th tch c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. C4H10.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H6.
Hn hp 3,4 lt kh gm O2 d C th c ; CO2To thnh + d v H2O
1,8 lt l CO2 v O2 d v H2O b ngng t => VH2O = 3,4 1,8 = 1,6 lt
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- 13 -
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
0,5 lt kh l O2d v CO2 b kim d hp th => VCO2 sau p = 1,8 0,5 = 1,3 lt
=> V O2 p = 2 lt Ch c hidrocabon CxHy p vi O2
Gi a , b ln lt l VCxHy v CO2 trc p
a + b = 0,5 lt
(1)
(x +y/4) = VO2 p /VCxHy = 2 / a a (x + y/4) = 2
(2) CT bi 66
VCO2 sau p = x. VCxHy + VCO2 trc p = xa + b = 1,3 lt
=>ax = 1,3 - b
(3) BTNT C
y = 2VH2O / VCxHy = 3,2 / a ay = 3,2
(4) BTNT H
Ly 3 , 4 th vo 2 => b = 0,1 th vo 1 => a = 0,4 => th vo 3 v 4 => x = 3 ; y = 8 => C3H8 => B
Cu 73: t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 gam CO 2 ; 1,215 gam H2O v 168 ml N2
(ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C5H5N.
B. C6H9N.
C. C7H9N.
D. C6H7N.
Cch 1: Ly 1,605 chia cho M ca tng cht: S mol p nht th ly
A.C5H5N c M = 79 => Chia qu xu => Loi
B.C6H9N c M = 95 => Chia qu xu => Loi
C.C7H9N c M = 107 => Chia qu p => Tha mn
D.C6H7N c M = 93 => Chia qu xu => Loi
Cch ny c th gii nhanh nu cha bit hng gii tc gi t khi cho s liu l
p n => Cht hu c A gm C , H , N => Gi CTGN : (CxHyNt)n
nC = nCO2 = 0,105 mol ; nH = 2nH2O = 0,135 mol ; nN = 2nN2 = 0,015 mol ADCT bi 65
x : y : t = nC : nH : nN = 0,105 : 0,135 : 0,015 = 7 : 9 :1 => CTGN : (C7H9N)n
Do MA < 116 V t khi so vi kk < 4 => n = 1 => CTPT A: C7H9N
Cu 74: Oxi ha hon ton 6,15 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 2,25 gam H 2O ; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (kc).
Phn trm khi lng ca C, H, N v O trong X ln lt l:
A. 58,5% ; 4,1% ; 11,4% ; 26%.
B. 48,9% ; 15,8% ; 35,3% ; 0%.
C. 49,5% ; 9,8% ; 15,5% ; 25,2%.
D. 59,1 % ; 17,4% ; 23,5% ; 0%.
mC = nCO2 . 12 = 3,6 g => %C = 3,6.100% / 6,15 = 58,5% => A Mi A c %C tha mn => A
mH = 2nH2O .1 ; mN = 2nN2.14 ; mOxi = mX mC mH mN => %
Cu 75: Phn tch 0,31gam hp cht hu c X ch cha C, H, N to thnh 0,44 gam CO2. Mt khc, nu phn tch
0,31 gam X ton b N trong X chuyn thnh NH3 ri dn NH3 va to thnh vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,4M th
phn axit d c trung ha bi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1,4M. Bit 1 lt hi cht X (ktc) nng 1,38 gam. CTPT ca
X l:
A. CH5N.
B. C2H5N2.
C. C2H5N.
D. CH6N.
Cch 1: ly 0,31 chia cho M tng p n
VD : CH5N c M = 31 => ra s qu p => Tha mn => A
C2H5N2 c M = 57 => Chia qu xu => Loi ; Tng t C2H5N c M = 43 ; CH6N c M = 32
Cch 2: 1 lt hi X (ktc) nng 1,38g => nX = 1 / 22,4 => MX = 1,38 / (1/22,4) = 31 => A tha mn
A
NH3 p va vi 0,005 mool H2SO4 V 0,035 molH2SO4 b trung ha bi 0,07 mol NaOH
H+ +OH - =>H2O => nNH3 = 2nH2SO4 = 0,01 mol = nN 2NH3 + H2SO4 => (NH4)2SO4
nC = nCO2 = 0,01 mol => mH = mX mC mN = 0,31 0,01.12 0,01.14 = 0,05 g => nH = 0,05
x : y : z = nC : nH : nN = 0,01 : 0,05 : 0,01 = 1 : 5 : 1 => CTG : (CH5N)n
p n => n = 1 tha mn A . CH5N
Cu 76: t chy 200 ml hi mt hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O 2, th tch hn hp kh thu c l
1,3 lt. Sau khi ngng t hi nc ch cn 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH d ch cn 100 ml kh bay ra.
Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca Y l:
A. C3H6O.
B. C3H8O2.
C. C3H8O.
D. C3H6O2.
1,3 lt hn hp thu c l O2 C th d + CO2To thnh + H2O To thnh
Ngng t hi nc con 700 ml => VH2O = 1,3 0,7 = 0,6 lt => y = 2VH2O / VX = 6 AD bi 66
Cho qua KOH cn 100ml kh O2 d CO2 b hp th => VCO2 = 0,7 0,1 = 0,6 lt
x = VCO2 / VX = 3
V O2 p = 0,9 0,1 = 0,8 => x + y/4 z/2 = VO2 / VX = 4 3 + 6/4 z/2 = 4 z = 1
CT PT : C3H6O => A
Cu 77: Phn tch 1,5 gam cht hu c X thu c 1,76 gam CO2 ; 0,9 gam H2O v 112 ml N2 o 0oC v 2 atm. Nu
ha hi cng 1,5 gam cht X 127o C v 1,64 atm ngi ta thu c 0,4 lt kh cht X. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H5ON.
B. C6H5ON2.
C. C2H5O2N.
D. C2H6O2N.
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- 14 -
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
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- 15 -
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
Gi CTH : (CxHyClz)n
nC = nCO2 = 0,005 mol ; nH = 2nHO = 0,01 mol => x : y = nC : nH = 0,005 : 0,01 = 1 : 2 => Loi p n A , B
C thm chn ba 50 : 50
Ta c nCl = nAgCl = 0,01 mol BT nguyn t Cl => x : y : z = 0,005 : 0,01 : 0,01 = 1 : 2 : 2 => CTGN :
(CH2Cl2)n => n = 1 Da vo M = 85 cch ny ch lm t lun => C ng
Cu 82: t chy hon ton 0,4524 gam hp cht A sinh ra 0,3318 gam CO2 v 0,2714 gam H2O. un nng 0,3682
gam cht A vi vi ti xt chuyn tt c nit trong A thnh amoniac, ri dn kh NH 3 vo 20 ml dung dch H2SO4
0,5 M. trung ho axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng 7,7 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Bit MA= 60. Cng
thc phn t ca A l:
A. CH4ON2.
B. C2H7N.
C. C3H9N.
D. CH4ON.
T li gii cc phn trn => By gi mnh s vit tt rt ngn thi gian nh li gii Cm n
Mnh quy c x : y = nC : nH Lun lun vy
Cch 1 : Mo => cho MA = 60 => Ch c p n A c M = 60 => A
Cch 2:
x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 4 S liu l => dng my tnh => t l = 0,25 hay 1 : 4
=> Ch c A v D c t l C : H l 1 : 4 => Da vo MA = 60
V bi cho s liu nCO2 v nH2O l => mnh gii tt ; bn no thch gii theo t lun c th theo gii bi 75 Bi
tng t p vi H2SO4 v trung ha bng NaOH => tm c nN = nNH3 => mO = mX mC mH mN => ri t t
l v da vo MA = 60 => p n
Cu 83*: t chy hon ton 0,01 mol cht hu c X cn va 0,616 lt O2. Sau th nghim thu c hn hp sn
phm Y gm : CO2, N2 v hi H2O. Lm lnh ngng t hi H2O ch cn 0,56 lt hn hp kh Z (c t khi hi vi
H2 l 20,4). Bit th tch cc kh u o ktc. Cng thc phn t X l:
A. C2H5ON.
B. C2H5O2N.
C. C2H7O2N.
D. A hoc C.
p n => X ch cha 1N => nN2 to ra = nX / 2 BT nguyn t N = 0,005 mol
VCO2 = 0,56 VN2 = 0,56 0,005.22,4 = 0,448 mol V lm lnh H2O => 0,56 lt gm CO2 v N2
Hoc c th tm VCO2 v VN2 thng qua d kin 0,56 lt hn hp kh Z c t khi H2 l 20,4
Bng vic t x , y ln lt l s mol CO2 v N2 => x + y = 0,56 / 22,4 = 0,025
V MZ = 20,4.2 = (mCO2 + mN2) / (x + y) 40,8 = (44x + 28y) / 0,025 => Gii h => nh mo.
nCO2 = 0,02 mol => x = nCO2 / nX = 2 Hoc da vo cc p n => x = 2
Mt khc ta c : x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX = 2,75 - Ta c x = 2
y / 4 z/2 = 0,75 : p n => z =1 hoc z = 2 V c 1 Oxi hoc 2 Oxi
Vi z = 1 => y = 5 ; z = 2 => y = 7 => A v C u ng => D
Hoc ta c y/4 z/2 = 0,75 y 2z = 3 y = 2z + 3 hay 0 < 2z + 3 2x + 2 + t
Xem li bi 57 CT : CxHyOzNt t mo => x = 2 v t = 1
=> 0 < 2z + 3 7 => 0<z 2 => xt z = 1 => y = 5 ; z = 2 => y =7 => D
Cu 84: X la mt ancol no, mach h. t chay 0,05 mol X cn 4 gam oxi. X co cng thc l:
A. C3H5(OH)3.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C4H8(OH)2.
Mo Xem video ca Nguyn Tn Trung bit thm mo link ny : http://thaytro.vn/thaytro_phothong/?
id_pri_book=357
i vi dng bi ton ancol no c s C bng s nhm OH CTTQ: CnH2n+2 - n(OH)n ca ru m khi cho nX
v nO2
Nu ta ly nO2 / nX = n + 0,5 ; => Nu chia nO2 / nX = 2,5 => C2H4(OH)2 ; = 3,5 => C3H5(OH)3
Ta c nO2 / nX = 2,5 => X c cng thc C2H4(OH)2
Cng thc rt ra t p : khi s C bng nhm OH => s C bng s O
CT TQ: CnH2n+2On V ancol nol
PT : CnH2n+2On + (2n+1)/2O2 => nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
nO2 / nCnH2n+2On = (2n+1)/2 = n + 0,5
Khng c th dng mo c : Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX
Thay tng p n.
=> C : C2H6O2 c x = 2 ; y = 6 ; z = 2 => x + y/4 z/2 = 2,5 Tha mn => C ng
Cu 85: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 16,80 lt kh CO 2 ; 2,80 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc)
v 20,25 gam H2O. CTPT ca X l:
A. C4H9N.
B. C3H7N.
C. C2H7N.
D. C3H9N.
Amin n chc X CnH2n+3N Xem SGK 12 bi amin =>Thnh phn c C, H , N
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- 16 -
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
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- 17 -
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
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- 18 -
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
A. C2H6O.
B. C4H8O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cch 1 mo : Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nY = 4 bi i vi : CxHyOz p t chy
Th Cc p n vo => Ch c C tha mn : x = 3 ; y = 6 ; z = 1 => C
Cch 2:Thu c nCO2 = nH2O C 1 pi hoc 1 vng
x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 2 => CTPT : CnH2nOz
Hoc ta c a = 1 Do khi t chy to ra nCO2 = nH2O => Cht c 1 lin kt pi hoc 1 vng
=> CnH2n+2-2.1Oz hay CnH2nOz Cch xc nh CTPT cch 2 Bi 36
Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2/nY n + 2n/4 z/2 = 4 3n z = 8 3n = 8 +z
n > 8/3 => p n => n =3 hoc n =4
Xt n = 3 => z = 1 => C tha mn : C3H6O
Xt n = 4 => z = 3 => Khng c p n tha mn => C ng
Cu 95: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt axit cacboxylic no 2 ln thu c 1,2 mol CO 2. Cng thc phn t ca axit
l:
A. C6H14O4.
B. C6H12O4.
C. C6H10O4.
D. C6H8O4.
Axit no 2 ln => C 2 gc COOH => c 2 lin kt pi Mi gc COOH l 1 pi => a =2
Xem li cch tm CTPT bi 36 cch 2: CnH2n + 2 2.2O4 hay CnH2n-2O4 V 2 gc COOH => c 4O
Cch 1: => Ch c p n C tha mn CT trn => C
Cch 2: n = nCO2 / nAxit = 6 => Th vo CT trn => C ng
Cu 96: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O
c s mol bng nhau. CTGN ca X l:
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C5H10O.
Cch 1: ly 5,8 chia M cho tng p n => B chia p cn A,C,D l. => B ng.
Cch 2: p n => X ch cha 1 Oxi + nCO2 = nH2O => X c CT : CnH2nO Xem bi 94
Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX nX = nO2 / (x +y/4 z/2) = 0,4 / (n +2n/4 1/2) = 0,8 /(3n -1)
=> MX = 14n +16CnH2nO = 5,8 / (0,8/3n-1) 14n + 16 = 21,75n 7,25 n = 3 => C3H6O => B
Cu 97: t chay hoan toan 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp thu toan b san phm chay vao nc vi trong c 20 gam
kt tua. Loc bo kt tua ri un nong phn nc loc lai co 10 gam kt tua na. Vy X khng th la:
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2.
Vit PT tm ra mo bi ton dng Cho CO2 vo Ca(OH)2 nc vi trong ; Ba(OH)2 => Tao ra m1 g kt ta v
dung dch . Sau nung dung dch to ra m2 g kt ta.
nCO2 = n Kt ta 1 + 2n kt ta 2.
Theo bi trn Kt ta l CaCO3 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + H2O
nCO2 = 0,2 + 2. 0,1 = 0,4 => x = nCO2 / nX = 2 => A , B , D u ng v c 2C . p n C sai v c 1 C .
Chng minh CT trn :
PT : CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + H2O
(1)
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => Ca(HCO3)2 Dung dich
(2)
Ca(HCO3)2 => CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Nung
(3)
n li cht dng bi 1 <nOH- / nCO2 <2 s to ra 2 p Axit 2 ; trung ha 1
V nu l t l CT : nCO32- = nOH- - nCO2 ; nHCO3- = nCO2 nCO32CO32- c th l trong mui trung ha nh Na2CO3 ; CaCO3 ; BaCO3 ; K2CO3 .
HCO3- c th l trong mui axit nh NaHCO3 ; Ca(HCO3)2 ; Ba(HCO3)2 ; KHCO3
T PT (3) => nCaCO3 = nCa(HCO3)2 to thnh t PT (2)
T PT (2) => nCO2 p to thnh dung dch = 2nCa(HCO3)2 BT nguyn t C
nCO2 = 2nCaCO3 To thnh do nung
PT (1) th nCO2 = nCaCO3 => nCO2 p = nCaCO3 PT1 + 2nCaCO3 Nung
Cu 98: Hn hp X gm mt s hirocacbon l ng ng k tip. Tng khi lng phn t ca cc hirocacbon
trong A l 252, trong khi lng phn t ca hirocacbon nng nht bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca
hirocacbon nh nht. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht v s lng hirocacbon trong X l:
A. C3H6 v 4.
B. C2H4 v 5.
C. C3H8 v 4.
D. C2H6 v 5.
Hidrocacbon => CxHy ;M Hidrocacbon nng nht bng 2 ln nh nht => Dy ng ng : CnH2n
Ch : Ch c gc CnH2n mi gp i trong nhau hidrocabon Ankan : CnH2n+2 hay ankin CnH2n 2 ko c
V nu gp i nhau => MCnH2n+2 = 2.MCmH2m+2 14n +2 = 28m +4 => 14n = 28n +2 Ko th gp i nhau
c tng t CnH2n 2 => Thy ng vi CnH2n => Loi C v D
p n => n = 2 hoc n =3 S C ca hidrocacbon nh nht
Xt n = 2 Nh nht => n = 4 ln nht => C2H4 ; C3H6 ; C4H8 V ng ng k tip
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- 19 -
CHUYN 1 :
I CNG HA HC HU C
=> tng M = 126 => Loi Khc 252 => Loi B => A ng B,C,D loi ri
Gii c th
Xt n = 3 => n = 6 ln nht => C3H6 ; C4H8 ; C5H10 ; C6H12 => Tng M = 252 => Tha mn
V c 4 hidrocabon C3H6;C4H8 ; C5H10;C6H12 => A
Cu 99: t chy hon ton 5,80 gam cht X thu c 2,65 gam Na 2CO3 ; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,10 gam CO2. Cng
thc phn t ca X l:
A. C6H5O2Na.
B. C6H5ONa.
C. C7H7O2Na.
D. C7H7ONa.
Cch 1: Vn dng mo ly 5,8 chia cho M cc p n => B p => B ng.
Cch 2: p n => X cha C,H,O,Na v c 1Na => Gi CT: CxHyOzNa
Sa bi 2,25 g H2O s liu p ng
BT nguyn t C : nC = nNa2CO3 + nCO2 = 0,025 + 0,275 = 0,3 mol
BT nguyn t H : nH = 2nH2O = 2.0,125 = 0,25 mol => x :y= nC : nH = 0,3 : 0,25 = 6 : 5 => C v D loi
Nu ko bit lm tip chn 50:50 => Tng kh nng ng
BT nguyn t Na : nNa = 2nNa2CO3 = 0,05 mol
mO = mX mC mH mNa = 5,8 0,3.12 0,25.1 0,05.23 = 0,8 g => nO = 0,05
x : y : z = nC : nH : nO = 6 : 5 : 1 => B ng A l 6 : 5 : 2
Cu 100: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam hp cht hu c Z (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v
H2O vi t l mol tng ng l 4 : 3. Cng thc phn t ca Z l:
A. C4H6O2.
B. C8H12O4.
C. C4H6O3.
D. C8H12O5.
Cch 1: Vn ly 1,88 chia cho M cc p n => D tha mn
Cch 2: T l mol CO2 : nH2O = 4 : 3 => Chn nCO2 = 4x => nH2O = 3x Mnh thng lm zy quy v PT 1 n
BT khi lng : mZ + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O 1,88 + 0,085.32 = 4x.44 + 3x.18 x = 0,02
nC = CO2 = 4x = 0,08 ; nH = 2nH2O = 2.3x = 0,12;
BT NT Oxi : nO(Z) + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO + 2.0,085 = 2.0,08 + 0,06 nO = 0,05
x :y : z = nC : nH : nO = 0,08 : 0,12 : 0,05 = 8 : 12 : 5 => D tha mn.
CHUYN 1 :
1A
11A
21B
31B
41A
51B
61D
71A
81C
91B
2B
12D
22B
32A
42C
52B
62BA
72B
82A
92B
3C
13B
23D
33B
43C
53C
63C
73C
83D
93B
4B
14A
24C
34B
44D
54C
64D
74A
84C
94C
I CNG HA HC HU C
5B
15B
25C
35A
45C
55B
65B
75A
85D
95C
6D
16B
26A
36D
46D
56C
66A
76A
86A
96B
7B
17A
27A
37C
47D
57C
67D
77C
87B
97C
8C
18A
28CD
38B
48B
58C
68A
78C
88C
98A
9D
19D
29A
39B
49A
59C
69D
79D
89A
99B
10C
20C
30D
40B
50C
60D
70A
80B
90C
100D
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