Combustion Chambers

Important functions of CI combustion chamber

1. 2. 3. 4. To provide proper mixing of fuel and air in a short time The fuel injector should have multi hole orifices It should provide high air swirl required Turbulence chamber shape

Combustion Chambers
Classification of CI engine Combustion Chamber Direct Injection (Also called as open combustion chamber):
Entire volume of the combustion chamber is located in the main cylinder and the fuel is injected into this volume

Indirect Injection
Combustion space is divided into two parts, further divided into Swirl chamber, Pre-combustion chamber and Air cell chamber

Combustion Chamber
Direct Injection Chambers
1. 2. 3. 4. Hemispherical combustion Chamber(HCC) Cylindrical combustion Chamber(CCC) Shallow Depth combustion chamber(SCC): Toroidal combustion Chamber(TCC)

Hemispherical combustion Chamber Gives small squish, but depth to diameter ratio for a cylindrical chamber can be varied to give any desired squish to give better performance

Cylindrical Chamber
The cylindrical chamber is modified in the form of truncated cone with base angle of 30 degree The swirl is produced by masking the valve for nearly 180 degree of circumference Squish can also be varied by varying the depth

Shallow Depth:
Depth of the cavity in the piston is quite small Adopted in large engines running at low speeds The cavity diameter is very large, the squish is negligible

Combustion Chamber
Toroidal Chamber
Provides powerful squish along with air movement Mask needed in the inlet valve is small due to powerful squish Better utilisation of oxygen Cone angle of spray for this chamber is 150 160 degree

Combustion Chamber
Direct Injection Chambers
Types
Shallow Depth Hemispherical Cylindrical

Advantages
Minimum Heat loss Better efficiency No cold starting problems

Toroidal

Fine atomization
Drawbacks High fuel injection pressure required and hence complex design of fuel injection pump

Necessity of accurate metering of fuel by the injection system, particularly for small engines

Indirect Injection Chambers Creates considerable pressure difference between the two divided space during combustion process. Swirl Chamber Pre-combustion chamber Air cell Chamber

Comparison of DI and IDI