LÝ THUYẾT BTCT2 - CÔ HẢO.

LI NI U
Gio trnh Kt cu btng ct thp phn kt cu nh ca cvit ra trn c

s cng h tn ch ca mn hc B tng ct thp phn II ca trng i
hc Kin trc Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Trong sch ny trnh by nhng vn v
tnh ton v cu to cc kt cu ca nh dn dng v cng nghip.
Sch c dng lm ti liu hc tp cho sinh vin cc ngnh xy dng c bn ca
cc trng i hc, hoc c th lm ti liu tham kho cho cc k s thit k kt cu
b tng ct thp theo tiu chun hin hnh.
Trong qu trnh vit quyn sch ny , chng ti c tham kho cc ti liu v kt cu
b tng ct thp ca cc tc gi trc nhm k tha kin thc c v b sung, cp
nht cc nguyn l tnh ton mi phc v bn c.
Sch gm su chng.
Trn Th Nguyn Ho vit chng 1,2,4,6 v l ch bin.
Huy Thc vit chng 3.
L Tun Em vit chng 5.
Vi kin thc v thi gian c hn, tuy c gng rt nhiu trong bin son , song
kh trnh khi nhng thiu st . Chng ti rt mong cc bn sinh vin v bn c
cm thng v gp chn tnh quyn sch ny ngy cng c hon chnh hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n Khoa Xy dng trng i hc Kin Trc h tr v gip
chng ti hon thnh gio trnh ny.

NHM TC GI

CHNG 1 - KT CU KHUNG B TNG CT THP Trang1

TRNG I HC KIN TRC TP. HCM Kt Cu B Tng Ct Thp- Phn 2 : Kt Cu Nh Ca
CHNG 1. KT CU KHUNG B TNG CT THP
1.1 KHI NIM CHUNG
Ngy nay, kt cu khung b tng ct thp s dng rng ri trong xy dng dn cng
nghip. i vi cc cng trnh nh v nh lm vic, kt cu khung cho ta mt
bng kh linh hot cc khng gian s dng v tng ngn cc phng khng chu lc
c th ph b chng m rng khng gian hoc xy thm vch ngn.
Khung b tng ct thp c th dng cho nh mt tng, nhiu tng, mt nhp, nhiu
nhp. Khung b tng ct thp c th ton khi hoc lp ghp t cc cu kin dm
v ct. H li ct phi ph hp vi khng gian kin trc mt ngoi ca cng trnh.
1.1.1 KHE BIN DNG
Khe bin dng l cc khe c thit k c bit nhm cho php xy ra s dch
chuyn tng ti ca hai phn cu kin k cn nhau m khng ph hng tnh
nguyn vn ca kt cu. Chc nng chung ca cc khe bin dng l cho php xy ra
kh nng dch chuyn c th kim sot c, trnh c cc ng sut c hi.
Khe nhit
Khe gia hai ct ring trn mt bn mng chung, bin dng chnh lch gia cc
mng c gii quyt mt phn, nu hai khi b bin dng ln th mng ny tr
thnh khp.
Khong cch gia hai khe ph thuc vo loi kt cu chu lc v kt cu tng
ngoi ca nh. Vi h kt cu khung vch BTCT:
+ Khong cch gia 2 khe co gin l 45m nu tng ngoi l lin khi.
+ Khong cch gia 2 khe co gin l 65m nu tng ngoi l lp ghp.
i vi kt cu b tng ct thp thng v kt cu b tng ct thp ng lc trc c
yu cu chng nt cp 3, cho php khng cn tnh ton khong cch ni trn nu
chng khng vt qu tr s trong bng 1.1.


Bng 1.1. Khong cch ln nht gia cc khe co
gin nhit cho php khng cn tnh ton, m.
Kt cu
iu kin lm vic ca kt cu
Trong t Trong nh Ngoi tri
B tng
Khung lp ghp 40 35 30
Ton khi
c b tr thp cu to 30 25 20
khng b tr thp cu
to
20 15 10
B tng
ct thp
Khung lp ghp nh mt tng 72 60 48
nh nhiu tng 60 50 40
Khung bn lp ghp hoc ton khi 50 40 30
Kt cu bn c ton khi hoc bn lp
ghp
40 30 25
Ch thch:
Tr s trong bng ny khng p dng cho cc kt cu chu nhit di 40oC.
i vi kt cu nh mt tng , c php tng tr s cho trong bng ln 20%.
Tr s cho trong bng ny i vi nh khung l ng vi trng hp khung khng c
h ging ct hoc khi h ging t gia khi nhit .
Khe ln
Khe ln tch ri hai ct trn hai mng ring r, gii php ny gii quyt c trit
cho hai khi ln bit lp. Tuy nhin tr nn phc tp khi tnh ton , mng ti v
tr ny b lch tm rt ln. c php khng b tr khe ln khi cng trnh ta trn
nn cc, nn hoc nn c gia c c ln rt nh.
Mng gia cc phn nh cao thp khc nhau c phi tch ra hay khng phi cn c
vo tnh cht t nn, kiu loi mng, hnh dng ca mt bng cng trnh x l
c th. Khi t nn rt km, kh hn ch c ln th nh phi dng khe ln
tch ri mng ca hai phn nh c tng cao thp khc nhau.
Ngc li, khi tnh hnh a cht l tng i tt, tnh ra ln gia cc phn nh cao
thp l tin cy, tr s ln tng i nh th c th lm mng lin thnh mt
khi, khng lm khe ln. Khi khng lm khe ln, gim ni lc trong kt cu do
ln khng u gy ra, c th lm bng sau ch ni gia nh cao vi nh thp,
bng sau t mt bn ca nh vy, b rng khng nh hn 800mm .



Hnh 1.1. Khe bin dng

Khe khng chn
Trong cc trng hp sau, phi ct nh v cng trnh ra thnh nhng khi nh ring
bit (n nguyn) bng cc khe khng chn :
- Cc kch thc mt bng cng trnh khng tha mn cc iu kin trong
bng 1.2 m khng c bin php tng cng.
khe lun
khe nhiet
khe lun

- Cng trnh vi cc khu vc c s tng chnh nhau kh ln.
- cng hoc ti trng ca cc b phn kt cu chnh nhau r rt
mkhng c bin php hiu qu.
Bng 1.2 Gii hn ca L v B
Cp ng t L/B L/Bmax l/b
VII 6 6 2
VIII- IX 5 5 1,5

Hnh 1.2 Mt bng cng trnh

Bng 1.3 B rng ti thiu ca khe chng ng t (mm)
H kt
cu
Cp ng t thit k
VI VII XIII IX
Khung 4H+10 5H-5 7H- 35 10H-80
Khung-
vch cng
2,5H+9 4,2H-4 6H-30 8,5H-68
Vch
cng
2,8H+7 3,5H-3 5H-25 7H-55
Ghi ch : H l cao mi ca n nguyn thp hn trong cc
n nguyn k nhau tnh bng mt.
Nu nh c chiu cao H 5m th chiu rng ca khe khng chn khng nh hn
30mm.
Nu nh c chiu cao ln hn th c 5m chiu cao thm, chiu rng ca khe khng
chn phi tng thm 20mm.
Khe khng chn phi phn chia nh v cng trnh theo ton b chiu cao nhng
khng nht thit phi xuyn qua mng ( tr trng hp khe khng chn trng vi
khe ln).
Cc khe co gin, khe ln v khe khng chn nn b tr trng nhau.
Khi cng trnh c thit k khng chn th khe co gin v khe ln phi theo yu
cu ca khe khng chn.
Chiu rng b nht ca khe ln v khe khng chn c tnh theo cng thc sau:
D
min
= V
1
+ V
2
+ 20mm
Trong V
1
v V
2
l chuyn dch ngang cc i ti nh ca khi thp hn theo
phng vung gc vi khe ln v khe khng chn.
1.1.2 KHI NIM NH CAO TNG.
y ban Nh cao tng Quc t a ra nh ngha nh cao tng nh sau:
Ngi nh m chiu cao ca n l yu t quyt nh cc iu kin thit k, thi cng
hoc s dng khc vi ngi nh thng thng th c gi l nh cao tng. Cn c
vo chiu cao v s tng nh, phn ra 4 loi nh sau:
- Nh cao tng loi 1: 9- 16 tng (cao nht 50m);

- Nh cao tng loi 4: 40 tng tr ln (gi l siu cao tng);
Cc nc ty theo s pht trin nh cao tng ca mnh thng c cch phn loi kh
c nhau. Hin nay nc ta ang c xu th chp nhn s phn loi trn y.
Theo TARANATH B.S, i vi nh cao tng, h chu lc bng b tng ct thp.
H CHU LC S TNG TI A
Sn phng (khng dm) v ct 10
Sn phng v vch cng 15
Sn phng, vch cng v ct 20
Khung cng (c dm) 25
Khung cng vi dm m rng vch 30
C li cng chu lc (v ct ) 40
H khung v vch cng 50
H khung v vch cng, dm c vch 60
1.2 KHUNG B TNG CT THP TON KHI.
H khung thc cht l khung khng gian nhng c th xem nh n c to nn t
nhng khung phng ni vi nhau. Ty trng hp c th m phi tnh ton khung
nh khung phng, th d i vi mt ngi nh kh di,bc ct gn nh u nhau,
khung t theo phng ngang nh, chng phi c ni li nhau bng h dm ging
dc ti cc mt khung. i vi nh c mt bng vung hoc gn vung , gi v cc

loi ti trng ngang khc c th tc dng theo phng bt k, khi phi tnh
khung nh mt khung khng gian.
1.2.1 H CHU LC KHUNG.
H khung l h thanh lin kt gia cc thanh ng (l ct), thanh ngang (l dm) to
thnh cc nt cng khung. in cn v khung n nh l h bt bin hnh. i
vi khung BTCT ton khi nhiu nhp , nhiu tng l h siu tnh. Nt cng khung
c chuyn v, khc vi ngm cng gia ct vi mng cao trnh ngm ti mt trn
mng. V vy khi cng trnh khng c sn hm v c sn hm cao trnh ngm tnh
khung quy c nh hnh 1.4
Hnh 1.3.Khung b tng ct thp



Hnh 1.4Quy c cao trnh ngm
M hnh tnh ton khung th hin trc ct, trc dm. C th quy c khi t s L/B
>2, cng trnh c mt bng chy di, khung dc nhiu nhp hn khung ngang nn
cng khung ngang nh hn nhiu ln so vi cng khung dc ,ni lc ch yu
gy ra trong khung ngang.Khi tch ring tng khung phng xc nh ni lc
trong ct v dm ngang, cn ni lc trong dm dc c tnh nh dm lin tc
nhiu nhp. Gii php phn tch s tnh kt cu nh vy ch ph hp cho cng
trnh c bc ct theo phng dc u nhau, v kt qu ni lc khung phng ngang
s ln hn so vi kt qu ni lc ca khung ngang ny khi c xc lp m hnh
tnh theo khung khng gian.
V vy khi nim khung nguy him l khung t phn t, da vo s nhp khung v
din tch sn truyn ti ln khung.

king thng c xem khng phi l b phn khung ngang(thin v an ton).
Tuy nhin c nh hng nht nh i vi khung nh:
Gim chiu di tnh ton ct gim mnh ct tng trt.
Tng cng khng gian ca cng trnh khc phc ln khng u.
king c gn vo tnh khung khi c c btng sn trt ( cng trnh khu vc
nn t yu). i vi cng trnh c sn hm cng cao vi ging mng v mt
i ( hnh 1.4) nu gn ging mng vo cao trnh ngm tnh khung, th nhp tnh
ton ging khng chnh xc v khng k ti kch thc i mng.
-Thit k theo m hnh khung phng ngang.

Hnh 1.5.S tnh khung phng



- Thit k theo m hnh khung khng gian.

Hnh 1.6S tnh khung khng gian
- Thit k theo m hnh khung tng ng : trong trng hp sn khng dm
Nguyn tc c bn: (Theo quy phm ACI 318 )
c im chung ca phng php ny l kt cu khng gian 3 chiu c
chia thnh cc khung phng dc,khung phng ngang (hnh 6.5).Mi khung
gm ct v bn dm ko lin tc qua cc ct ,vi ng trc khung trng vi
ng trc cc ct . Dm hoc bn dm bao gm mt phn bn sn c gii

hn bi cc ng tim ca cc bn lin k vi ng trc ct v kt cu
dm hoc m ct (nu c).
Khi tnh ton khung tng ng chu ti trng thng ng,sn v ct c
tnh ton ring r.Khi , ct c gi thit ngm c u trn ln u di.

Hnh 1.7S tnh khung tng ng

1.2.2 S B KCH THC TIT DIN.
Khi chn kch thc tit din cc cu kin khung b tng ct thp, v khung l h
siu tnh, t l cng ca cc cu kin hp l s cho s phn phi ni lc hp l
gia cc b phn, m bo s bn vng, bin dng nh v d thi cng.
a. Chiu dy sn :

+ Sn c dm
1
.
45
1
40
1
L h
b
C th chn chiu dy theo cng thc kinh nghim sau nhm khng ch vng.
180
min
n Chuvibans
h

+ Sn phng , sn nm (sn khng dm)
1
.
40
1
30
1
L h
b
b. Tit din dm khung :
- Chiu cao dm khung : h
Dm lin kt vi ct:
L h .
12
1
14
1

Dm lin kt vi dm:
L h .
14
1
16
1

- Chiu rng dm khung
h b .
2
1
3
1

- i vi tit din dm bt (s dng khi kin trc yu cu gim chiu cao tng)
. . 3 2
.
18
1
20
1
h b
L h

Nu chnh lch chiu cao h khng nhiu gia cc nhp, ng thi kt hp vi
yu cu kin trc c th chn tit din dm caobng nhau.
c. Tit din ct khung :
Din tch tit din ct c s b theo cng thc:

b
b
R
N
K A

Trong
K= 1,11,25 : h s k ti nh hng momen trong ct
N= q. S. n .
q= g+p (kN/m
2
), gi tr ti trng ng s btrn mt m
2
sn, c
thly tr s sau:
q= 0,8 1 (kN/m
2
) i vi cao c vn phng, tng l vch nh.
q= 1,1 1,3 (kN/m
2
) i vi chung c, tng l vch gch.
S (m
2
) din tch sn truyn ti ln ct khung.
n : s tng nh.
Kch thc tit din ct cn p ng yu cu v chu lc, phn t ct nn c
cng ln hn phn t dm, v p ng nhu cu thm m ca kin trc
d. Chiu dy vch : chiu dy vch c chn theo chiu cao mi tng nh
cm h h
g vach
10 & .
25
1
tan
min

1.2.3 XC NH TI TRNG.
(1). Tnh ti :
- Trng lng bn thn cc lp cu to sn,chng thm, dm ,ct.
- Trng lng ng ng k thut
- Ti trng tng xy, vch hm, vch thang.
i vi sn v sinh, sn mi ngoi trng trng cc lp cu to trn cng thm
trng lng lp chng thm ( va h du, sika, hay flinkote,..)
Trng lng lp chng thm g
c
=10 daN/m
2
, n=1,2

(2). Hot ti:

- Ty theo chc nng s dng ca sn, gi tr ti trng ly theo TCXDVN 2737-
1995 (xem ph lc 1 trang 232)
(3). Ti trng gi:
Theo TCXD 2737-1995 cng trnh c chiu cao H>40m, c xt thnh phn ng
ca ti trng gi (xem ph lc 11; trch dn TCXD 229-1999).
Khi H<40m, gi tnh c xc nh nh sau
Gi tnh : W= W
c
. n . c . k . B (1.1)
Trong
W
c
: Gi tr p lc gi theo bn phn vng p lc gi trn lnh th Vit Nam,
ph lc 10
Bng 1.4.Gi tr p lc gi chun (ti cao 10m)
Vng p lc gi trn bn I II III IV V
W
c
(daN/m
2
) 65 95 125 155 185

n : h s tin cy, ty theo tui th cng trnh.
Bng 1.3 .H s tin cy n
Thi gian s dng gi
nh ca cng trnh
n
50 nm 1.2
40 nm 1.15
30 nm 1
20 nm 1.1
10 nm 0.9
5 nm 0.75
c : h s kh ng .
Cc mt phng thng ng :
n gi c = +0.8.

Khut gi c= -0.6.
Cc mt phng nghing gc : khi nh c mi dc hai pha, ly theo
TCVN 2737-1995)- bng ch dn xc nh h s kh ng c.
H s H/L
0 0,5 1 2
C
e1
0
20
40
60
0
+0,2
+0,4
+0,8

-0,6
-0,4
+0,3
+0,8

-0,7
-0.7
-0,2
+0,8

-0.8
-0.8
-0.4
+0,8

C
e2
60 -0,4 -0,4 -0,5 -0,8
Bng 1.5 .H s kh ng c khi nh c mi dc hai pha

Hnh 1.8S ti gi nh hai mi dc
V d cng trnh c chiu cao H=17.1m v L=12.8m
34 , 1
8 , 12
1 , 17
L
H
Tra bng 1.4 Ce1= - 0,466 v C
e2
= - 0,5, nh vy gi gy bc mi.

k : h s cao tnh n s thay i ca p lc gi theo cao z., ng vi dng a
hnh t xc nh theo cng thc sau:
2
1.844
t
m
t
g
t
z
k z
z
(1.2)

Trong :

z
t
g
cao ca a hnh dng t m vn tc gi khng cn chu nh hng ca
mt m, cn gi l cao gradient;
m
t
s m tng thch vi a hnh dng t.
Bng 1.6. cao gradient v h s m
t

Dng a hnh z
t
g
(m) m
t
A
B
C
250
300
400
0.070
0.090
0.140
a hnh A l a hnh trng tri, khng c hoc c rt t vt cn cao khng qu
1,5m( b bin thong, mt sng ,h ln, cnh ng,..)
a hnh B l a hnh tng i trng tri, c mt s vt cn tha tht cao khng
qu 10m( vng ngoi t nh , th trn, lng mc,..)
a hnh C l a hnh b che chn mnh , c nhiu vt cn st nhau cao t 10m tr
ln (trong thnh ph, vng rng rm)
Cng trnh xy dng ti TP.HCM tra ph lc 10 vng gi IIA v dng a hnh C do
vy ,
W
o
= 95-12= 83daN/m
2
(vng t nh hng gi bo c gim 12daN/m
2
.
z
t
g
= 400 ; m
t
= 0,14.

14 , 0 . 2
400
844 , 1 ) (
x
t
z
z k

B: b rng n gi, c xc nh ty theo cch nhp ti trng gi vo phn mm
tnh khung
Khi gn ti vo phn t ct th B(m) l bc ct lin k c gn ti,
cch nhp ny kh mt cng v ti gi s khc nhau cho tng ct theo
mi phng, v gia cc phng x, y c bc ct khc nhau. C th
dng cch gn ti ny nu chng ta chn gii php tnh ni lc cho
khung phng (gn p lc gi y, gi ht vo 2 ct bin ca khung).
Khi gn ti vo phn t dm th B(m) l trung bnh cng ca chiu cao
hai tng nm lin k cao trnh z(m) ang xt. Cch nhp ny nhanh v

tin v lc gi theo hai phng trong tng tng s nh nhau, khng
ph thuc vo bc ct phng x,y.
Khi gn ti tp trung vo nt ct bin mi tng, gi y v gi ht
c cng dn gi tr, ngha l p lc gi c tnh vi h s kh
ng c=1,4.
Khi gn ti tp trung vo tm cng sn mi tng (phn mm ETAB c
thm chc nng ny), gi y v gi ht c cng dn gi tr, ngha
l p lc gi c tnh vi h s kh ng c=1,4. V vy, B(m
2
) l
din tch mt n gi theo chiu rng hoc chiu di nh.
Gi phng X
B(m
2
)= b rng nh theo phng X nhn vi trung bnh cng ca
chiu cao hai tng lin k cao trnh ang xt.
Gi phng Y
B(m
2
)= b rng nh theo phng Y nhn vi trung bnh cng ca
chiu cao hai tng lin k cao trnh ang xt.

1.2.4 CC TRNG HP TI NHP VO M HNH TNH KHUNG
Cc trng hp ti trng Din gii
TNH TI ( DEAD) Ti thng xuyn+ Phn ti di hn
ca hot ti
HOT TI 1 (LIVE) Cht y phn ti ngn hn ca hot
ti
HOT TI 2 (LIVE) Cht cch nhp phn ti ngn hn
ca hot ti
ca hot ti (cht ngc vi HT2)
GI TX (WIND) Gi phng X t tri
GIPX (WIND) Gi phng -X t phi
GI TY (WIND) Gi phng Y t trc
GI PY (WIND) Gi phng -Y t sau
Lu khi tnh khung phng ch c ti GIO TX, GIO PX.


DEAD :
Ti trng tc dng ln sn (daN/m
2
) c phn mm tnh ton kt
cu (SAP, ETAB) t ng ha trng lng bn thn cc cu kin
sn, dm, ct, vch BTCT.
Trng lng cc lp hon thin sn cng vi phn di hn ca hot
ti.
Gi tr ti thng xuyn c nhp di dng ti phn b trn din tch sn.
V d

Loi phng
Gi tr tiu chun
(daN/m
2
)
Gi tr tnh ton.
(daN/m
2
)
Lp
Hon
thin
Phn
di hn
Ti
Thng
xuyn
Lp
Hon
thin
Phn
di hn
Ti
Thng
xuyn
Phng ng, n,
bp.
138 30 168 158 39 197
Phng hc, ban
cng
138 70 208 158 84 242
Trng lng tng xy :( xem ph lc 1)
g
t
= g
t
c
x 1,1x (h
tng
-h
dm
)
CH :
Nu m hnh cu thang, h nc mi cha khai bo c vo m hnh
khung khng gian, th cn nhp thm vo khung cc gi tr ti sau:
+ Ti trng phn b trn on dm chiu ngh, dm chiu ti do bn
thang truyn vo.
+ Ti trng tp trung ti cc trc ct do h nc mi truyn vo .

LIVE :Hot ti ngn hn c gi tr ti khng ln so vi gi tr ti trng thng
xuyn, nn vic chia nhiu cc trng hp t hot ti kh c nhau khng lm tng
ng k ni lc ti tit din kho st.Chnh lch ni lc do trng hp hot ti cht
y v do t cch nhp ch lm M thay i khng qu 3%. Gi tr M ch yu l
do gi gy ra (nu khng xt nh hng ng t), nn vic thay i cch t hot
ti ng cng khng nh hng ng k n gi tr ny. V vy c th tch ring
phn hot ti ng di hn vo tnh ti nh trnh by bng trn.
WIND:
- Tnh khung phng nn gn ti gi tp trung ti nt ct bin mi tng, v khi
h s c ly bng tng ca pha gi y v gi ht c=0,8+0.6=1.4 vic nhp ti
khng cn tch hai pha y v ht cho mt hng gi.
- Tnh khung khng gian nn gn ti gi phn b ln dm bin mi tng, hoc tm
cng sn.
1.2.5 TNH TON NI LC VI TNG TRNG HP TI TRNG, T
HP NI LC.
Khung l kt cu siu tnh bc cao, hin nay thng s dng cc chng trnh tnh
kt cu c lp trnh sn xc nh ni lc do tng trng hp ti trng gy
ra.
- Theo TCVN 2737-95, t hp ti trng gm c t hp c bn v t hp
c bit.
T hp c bn gm cc ti trng thng xuyn, ti trng tm thi di hn v
tm thi ngn hn.
T hp c bit gm cc ti trng thng xuyn, ti trng tm thi di hn v
tm thi ngn hn c th xy ra v mt trong cc ti trng c bit.
T hp ti trng c bn c t 2 ti trng tm thi tr ln th phi nhn vi h
s t hp 0,9
Trong phm vi n mn hc ch cn tnh ton vi t hp ni lc c bn.
nh ngha cc t hp ni lc :
Khi tnh theo phng n khung phng bao gm 7 t hp (t comb1 comb7) v 13
t hp (t comb1 comb13) khi tnh theo phng n khung khng gian. Phn mm

tnh ton mc nh cc COMBO theo kiu cng i s (linear add) v 1 t hp BAO
(mc nh Envelope) ly gi tr max, min t cc t hp trn.
Cc t hp
T hp Cu trc
COMB1 TNH TI+ HT1
COMB2 TNH TI+ 0,9 (HT1+ GIO TX)
COMB3 TNH TI+ 0,9 (HT1+ GIO PX)
COMB8 TNH TI+ 0,9 (HT1+ GIO TY)
COMB9 TNH TI+ 0,9 (HT1+ GIO PY)
BAO Envelope (COMB1, COMB2,, COMB13)
- Theo ACI CODE 318-1995
L tiu chun thit k kt cu BTCT ca Hoa K. Tiu chun quy nh,
khi thit k vn da vo phng trnh c bn quen thuc:
Ni lc gy ra do ti trng bt li kh nng chu lc.
Hay U( M, N, Q) S
n

Gi tr ty vo trng thi ng sut ca tit din ang xt:
=0.7 - 0.9; cu kin chu un, chu ko ng tm, lch tm.
= 0.7; cu kin chu nn ng tm, lch tm.
Quy phm khng quy nh phn hot ti tc dng di hn ring. Ch c nhng dng
ti tc ng nh sau:
D: Tnh ti - Dead load.
L: Hot ti - Live load.
W: Gi - Wind load.
E: ng t - Earthquake load

H: p lc t - Earth pressure
F: p lc cht lng -Fluid pressure
I : Xung ng( va chm, n..) - Impact allowance
T: Tc ng mi trng - Environmental effects
(T c th do co ngt, t bin, ln, thay i nhit gy ra).
V ch c cc dng t hp sau y:
C bn U=1.4D+1.7L
Gi U=0.75(1.4D+1.7L+1.7W)
U=0.9D+1.3W (kim tra lch, trt)
ng t U=0.75(1.4D+1.7L+1.87E)
U=0.9D+1.43E (kim tra lch, trt)
p lc t U=1.4D+1.7L+1.7H
U=0.9D+1.7H
Cht lng U=1.4D+1.7L+1.4F
U=0.9D+1.4F
Xung ng U=1.4D+1.7(L+I)
U=0.9D+1.7I
T c ng mi trng U=0.75(1.4D+1.7L+1.4T)
U=1.4(D+T)
1.2.6 TNH TON TIT DIN B TNG CT THP
(1).Thp ct :
Sau khi s dng cc phn mm tnh ton ni lc khung, xut bng gi tr ni lc ct
khung ch nh ,chn tt c cc COMBO khai bo. Nh vy, ti mi v tr tit din
ngang ca ct s lc c 7 cp ni lc khi tnh theo phng n khung phng v 13
cp ni lc khi tnh theo phng n khung khng gian. Cn lm thm buc lc kt

qu trc khi tnh thp. Do tnh cht i xng khi tnh v b tr thp ct, khng cn
phn bit momen m hay dng ,ch cn ly cc cp ni lc bt li cho ct nh sau:
Hnh 1.9Quy c chiu phn t ct.

Ch quy c trc ta s dng trong cc phn mm tnh ton kt cu nh sau:
Momen M
22
quay quanh tr c OX c phng tc dng theo phng OY. Momen M
33

quay quanh tr c OY c phng tc dng theo phng OX. Cnh b song song OX,
cnh h song song OY.
Khung phng: N
max
M
33
t

M
33 max
N
t

Khung khng gian : N
max
M
x
t
; M
y
t

M
x max
N
t
; M
y
t

M
y max
N
t
; M
x
t

T mi cp ni lc trn, p dng bi ton tnh thp ct cho cu kin chu nn lch
tm c hc trong gio trnh BTCT phn 1, tnh c din tch tit din ct
thp c t , chn gi tr thp ca cp no ln nht b tr.
(2). Thp dm :
i vi phn t dm, l cu kin chu un ch cn xut ni lc ca 1 t hp BAO.
Tng t nh ct, ti mi tit din dm ta lc cc cp ni lc sau:

M
max
tnh thp dc cho min di (ng vi gi tr momen dng ln nht)
M
min
tnh thp dc cho min trn (ng vi gi tr momen m ln nht)
Q
max
tnh bc ai cho dm.

Hnh 1.10Quy c chiu phn t dm
Lu , khi s dng phn tnh ni lc khung ,nn hn ch chn s v thp tr mt ct
cho phn t ct, dm (2-3 mt ct) th vic xut v lc kt qu ni tnh .
1.2.7 TNH THP VCH
Tnh ton ct thp dc cho vch phng
Vch cng dng cngxon phi chu t hp ni lc sau: (N, M
x
, M
y
, Q
x
, Q
y
). Do
vch cng ch chu ti trng ngang tc ng song song vi mt phng ca n nn b
qua kh nng chu m men ngoi mt phng M
x
v lc ct theo phng vung gc
vi mt phng Q
y
, ch xt n t hp ni lc gm (N, M
y
, Q
x
).


Vic tnh ton tc ng ng thi ca c m men v lc ct rt phc tp v kh thc
hin c. Cho nn, n nay trong cc tiu chun thit k vn tch ring vic tnh
ct dc v ct ai. Di y trnh by 3 phng php tnh ton ct thp dc cho
vch phng c th s dng thit k vch cng cho nh cao tng.
-Phng php phn b ng sut n hi.
-Phng php gi thit vng bin chu m men.
-Phng php xy dng biu tng tc.
(1)Phng php phn b ng sut n hi
Phng php ny chia vch thnh nhng phn t nh chu lc ko hoc nn ng
tm, coi nh ng sut phn b u trong mi phn t. Tnh ton ct thp cho tng
phn t. Thc cht l coi vch nh nhng ct nh chu ko hoc nn ng tm.
Cc bc tnh ton
- Chia vch cng thnh 5 vng, nh s t 15, mi vng c kch
thc(0.2Lxh
v
)
1
(0,2 L)
2
(0,2 L)
3
(0,2 L)
4
(0,2 L)
5
(0,2 L)
L
- ng sut trung bnh ca mi vng tit din (h
v
x0,2L)
i
X
X
C
y
J
M
A
N
; (>0 hay <0) (1.3)
Vi:
+ A
v
l din tch tit din ngang vch;
+ M>0 theo chiu kim ng h
+ y
i
: khong cch t trng tm tit din n trng tm vng th i
+ J
x
: Momen qun tnh

-ng sut trung bnh trong vng (1), (2)
h
v

i
X
X
C
i
y
J
M
A
N
; (>0 hay <0); vi i = 1,2 (1.4)
-ng sut trung bnh trong vng (4), (5)
i
X
X
C
i
y
J
M
A
N
(>0 hay <0); vi i = 4, 5 (1.5)
-ng sut trung bnh trong vng (3).
C
i
A
N
(>0 ) ; vi i = 3 (1.6)

-Lc ko nn cho cc vng (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) :
N
i
= 0,2L. h
v
.
i
(>0 hay <0); vi i = 1 5.
-Tnh ton ct thp cho cc vng (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), tnh ton nh cu kin chu
nn hay ko ng tm:
+ Nu N
i
> 0 :
s
v b
si
R
L h R N
A
2 , 0 . .
(1.7)

+ Nu N
i
< 0 :
s
i
s
R
N
A
(1.8)

- B tr thp cho vng (1) v (5)l A
s

As = max ( As
1
, As
5
)
- B tr thp cho vng (2), (3) v (4) l fs
fs =2 max ( As
2
, As
4
)+ As
3
- Tng din tch ct thp trn tit din l As = 2 As + fs.
V d : Tnh ton v b tr ct thp cho vch c tit din (h
v
xL)= (250x2250). B
tng B25, thp AIII. Ni lc : N=7200KN, M
x
=3400KNm, Q=1800KN.

Gii:
R
b
=14,5MPa= 1,45KN/cm
2
R
s
=360MPa=36 KN/cm
2
Tnh
4
3
237 , 0
12
25 , 2 . 25 , 0
m J
x

V ng 5,1
1
237 , 0
3400
5 , 2 . 25 , 0
7200
1 , 5 i
X
X
v
y
J
M
A
N

Vng 4,2
5 , 0
237 , 0
3400
5 , 2 . 25 , 0
7200
2 , 4 i
X
X
v
y
J
M
A
N

Vng 3
2
3
/ 11520
5 , 2 . 25 , 0
7200
m KN
A
N
v

Vng 1 2 3 4 5
i
(KN/m
2
) -2826 4347 11520 18693 25866
N
i
(KN) -353,25 543 1440 2337 3233
A
si
(cm
2
) 9,81 <0 <0 14,58 39,48



Bng kt qu thp vch
Din tch thp tnh
ton
on bin on gia Din tch thp
chn
As
cm
2

fs
cm
2

As
cm
2

(mm)
a
(mm)
As
(cm
2
)

(mm)
a
(mm)
fs
(cm
2
)
As
(cm
2
)
%
39,48 29,16 108 1320 80 40,82 2x11
14
120 31,9 113 1,82

(2)Phng php gi thit vng bin chu m men
Phng php ny cho rng ct thp t trong vng bin hai u tng c thit
k chu ton b m men. Lc dc trc c gi thit l phn b u trn ton b

chiu di tng. Tng t nh phng php 1, ch khc ch b tr tp trung lng
ct thp chu ton b momen hai u vch.
Phng php ny kh thch hp i vi trng hp vch c tit din tng cng
hai u (b tr ct hai u vch),thin v an ton v ch k n kh nng chu
mmen ca ct thp.
Cc bc tnh ton:
- Bc 1: gi thit chiu di B ca vng bin chu m men. Xt vch chu lc dc
trc N v m men un trong mt phng M
x
. M men M
x
tng ng vi mt cp
ngu lc t hai vng bin ca tng.
- Bc 2: Xc nh lc ko hoc nn trong vng bin:
) 5 , 0 5 , 0 (
,
r l
x
b r l
B B L
M
A
A
N
P
(1.9)
vi A
b
: din tch vng bin.
A: din tch mt ct vch.
- Bc 3: tnh din tch ct thp chu ko, nn.
- Bc 4: kim tra hm lng ct thp. Nu khng tha mn th phi tng kch
thc B ca vng bin ln ri tnh li t bc 1. Chiu di ca vng bin B c gi
tr ln nht l L/2, nu vt qu gi tr ny cn tng b dy tng.
- Bc 5: kim tra phn tng cn li gia hai vng bin nh i vi cu kin chu
nn ng tm. Trng hp b tng kh nng chu lc th ct thp chu nn
trong vng ny c t theo cu to.
(3)Phng php s dng biu tng tc
a. Khi nim:
Phng php ny da trn mt s gi thit v s lm vic ca b tng v ct
thp thit lp trng thi chu lc gii hn (N
u
, M
u
) ca mt vch b tng ct thp
bit. Tp hp cc trng thi ny s to thnh 1 ng cong lin h gia lc dc N
v mmen M ca trng thi gii hn.
- Tit din vch c gi thit nh sau: tit din vch phng trc khi chu
lc th vn phng sau khi chu lc. y l gi thit rt quan trng trong tnh ton,

gi thit ny c s dng tnh ton cu kin chu un(dm), cu kin chu nn
un (ct) trong cc tiu chun ca Hoa K, Anh, Australia, . Da trn gi thit
ny, chng ta c th tnh ton c bin dng ti mt im bt k trn tit din theo
bin dng ln nht ca b tng vng nn v ct thp trong vng ko hoc nn t.
-Gi thit quan h ng sut bin dng ca ct thp, quan h ny c n
gin ha thun tin cho tnh ton.
-Gi thit v biu ng sut b tng vng nn v b tng vng nn quy i.
-Gi thit v bin dng cc hn quy c ca b tng vng nn.
Thit lp biu tng tc:
-Nguyn tc chung: da vo bin dng cc hn ca b tng vng nn v v tr
ca trc trung ha c th hin qua chiu cao vng nn x, ta c th xc nh c
trng thi ng sut trong b tng v ct thp trong vch, cc ng sut ny tng hp
li thnh 1 lc dc v 1 mmen ti trong tm hnh hc ca vch, chnh l 1 im
ca biu tng tc.
-Cc im chnh trn biu tng tc: v biu tng tc l mt ng
cong,mi im trn ng cong ny tng ng vi 1 v tr ca trc trung ha trn
tit din vch (1 gi tr ca x), v vy vic thit lp biu ny thng c thit
lp bng s tr gip ca my tnh.
Tnh ton ct thp ngang cho vch phng
i vi cc vch cng thng thng - t l cao/chiu di tng ln, nh hng ca
lc c
Kh nng chu lc ct ca tng gm kh nng chu ct ca b tng Q
b
v kh nng
chu ct ct thp Q
sw
:
Q
u
=Q
b
+Q
sw
(1.10)

t l nh. Tuy nhin, khi t l chiu cao/chiu di thng tng i nh, vch c
dng cngxon ngn, nh hng ca lc ct l nguy him. Lc ny, cn xt n lc
ct.

Ch rng kh nng chu lc ct ca b tng Q
b
phi xt n hnh hng ca lc
dc. Khi c lc nn, ng sut ko gy bi lc ct s gim, do lm tng kh nng
chu ct ca b tng.

Quy trnh tnh ton ct thp chu ct tng t nh i vi kt cu dm thng
thng :
-Bc 1: Kim tra xem vch c b ph hoi gin hay khng? Tc l kim tra iu
kin ng sut nn chnh c tha mn hay khng?
-Bc 2: Kim tra iu kin tnh ct ai.
-Bc 3: Tnh ton kh nng chu ct ca b tng.
-Bc 4: Tnh ton ct thp chu lc ct
-Bc 5: So snh vi cc iu kin hn ch v b tr c ct thp ngang
Chiu cao lm vic h
o
, khong cch t th bin chu nn ca b tng n trng tm
ct thp chu ko, l mt thng s ht sc quan trng trong qu trnh tnh ton ct
thp ngang. Tiu chun AC318 cho php h
0
= 0,8L hoc mt gi tr chnh xc hn
ca h
o
s nhn c c thng qua vic phn tch biu tng thch bin dng.
1.2.8 KIM TRA CC IU KIN S DNG.
i vi cu kin chu un phi m bo ylu cu v chiu cao ti thiu ca tit
din, v t l cao tit din trn chiu di nhp.Khi tha mn cc quy nh ny, hu
ht cc kt cu u m boyu cu v vng.
Theo TCVN356-2005 cho php khng cn tnh ton kim tra s m rng vt nt
v bin dng nu qua thc nghim hoc thc t s dng cc kt cu tng t
khng nh c : b rng vt nt mi giai on khng vt qu gi tr cho php
v kt cu c cng giai on s dng.
- Kim tra vng ca tm sn : kch thc (a x b) chiu dy h ,s dng cng
thc ca S. Timoshenko& S.Woinowsky- Krieger (sch Theory of Plates and
shells)
D
qa
4
(1.11)

) 1 ( 12
2
3
Eh
D
(1.12)

: h s pot- xng;
: h s tra bng 1.7 di y.


1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
.
10
-5
126 150 172 191 207 220 230 238 245 249 254
Bng1.7 H s
- Kim tra vng v b rng vt nt ca cc cu kin b tng ct thp tit din ch
nht chu un, ct thp n bng cng thc n gin v cc biu t 1 n 5(xem
ph lc 8).
Cng thc xc nh vng :
o
h
l
T f
2
(1.13)
Cng thc xc nh b rng vt nt
Ad a
n
(1.14)
Trong : f vng (cm);
a
n
b rng vt nt (mm);
l khu (nhp)cu kin (m);
h
o
chiu cao c ch ca tit din cu kin (cm);
d ng knh ct thp (cm);
T v A h s tra biu t 1 n 5 ph thuc vo:
+ Hm lng ct thp %.
+ S hiu b tng (cp bn B) v ct thp.
+ T l phn ti trng tc dng di hn trn tng ti trng (r) .
c c
c
dh
c
p g
p g
r
(1.15)

- C th xem kt qu t phn mm tnh khung vng ca tng trng hp
ti trng sau:
B
EJ
x f f
danhoi BTCT

Trong f
n hi
= kt qu tnh theo phn mm SAP2000.
cng B ca cu kin BTCT (xem sch BTCT phn1)
bred b
b
s s
s
A E A E
Z h
B
0
(1.16)
1.2.9 QUY NH CU TO THP NT KHUNG.
Cu to nt khung (ni ct vi dm, ni ct vi mng, ..) l rt quan trng. Nt
khung phi c kch thc hnh hc v b tr ct thp sao cho ph hp vi s tnh
ton. Trong khung b tng ct thp ton khi cc nt c xem l nt cng, v th
phi bo m b tng chu nn khng b p v v ct thp neo vo nt khng b
tut.Trng thi ng sut nt khung kh phc tp. cc gc u c s tp trung ng
sut , s phn b ng sut ph thuc rt nhiu vo hnh dng v kch thc nt
khung (vt gc nt khung th s tp trung ng sut gim i). Mt khc b tng ct
thp l vt liu khng ng cht v ng hng, nn trng thi ng sut cn ph
thuc vo s b tr thp trong nt , ngi ta phi th nghim nhiu mu nt khung
bng chnh vt liu b tng ct thp rt ra nhng cu to hp l cho cc loi nt
khc nhau.
Khi cu to ct thp ti nt khung cn phi phn bit ct thp chu ko (t ti vng
momen cng th), hoc chu nn xc nh chiu di on neo ng quy nh.
on neo ct thp k t mt thanh n tit din vung gc vi trc dc cu kin m
n c s dng ton b kh nng chu lc (tnh vi ton b cng tnh
ton ) khng c nh hn gi tr l
an
xc nh theo cng thc:
an
b
s
an an
R
R
(1.17)

ng thi on neo cng khng c nh hn gi tr l
*
an
=
an
v l
min
.

Cc gi tr s ca
an
,
an , an
v l
min
cho trong bng v l ng knh ca ct
thp.
iu kin lm
vic ca ct thp
H s
an
v
an

H s
an
l
min
(mm)
Ct thp c gi Ct thp trn
trn
an an an an
1.on neo ct thp
a-Chu ko trong b tng
chu ko
b-Chu nn hoc ko
trong vng b tng chu
nn
2.Ni chng ct thp
a-Trong b tng chu
ko
b-Trong btng chu nn

0.7

0.5

0.9
0.65

20

12

20
15

1.2

0.8

1.55
1

20

15

20
15

11

8

11
8

250

200

250
200
Trong trng hp thanh cn neo c din tch tit din ln hn din tch yu cu theo
tnh ton (cha s dng ht kh nng chu lc) th gi tr l
an
tnh theo cng thc
c php gim xung bng cch nhn vi t s din tch yu cu v din tch thc
c.


`

Hnh 1.11 Cu to thp nt khung
Ti v tr ngang b gy khc, di tc dng ca momen dng, lc trong ct thp
chu ko v chu nn to thnh nhng hp lc hng ra ngoi. Gc gy < 160
o
,
ngoi vic b tr ai gia cng trong vng S=htg3/8 cn phi ct ct dc chu ko
(ton b hay mt phn) neo vo vng b tng chu nn.
Ct ai dng ging ct dc c c tnh ton theo hai trng hp:
chu hp lc trong cc thanh ct dc khng c neo trong vng nn.
2
cos 2 cos
1
s s sw sw
A R A R
(1.18)

chu 35% hp lc trong tt c cc thanh ct dc chu ko
2
cos 7 , 0 cos
s s sw sw
A R A R
(1.19)
A
s
- din tch tit din ca tt c cc thanh ct dc chu ko;
A
s
1
- din tch tit din ca cc thanh ct dc khng neo trong vng nn.




Hnh 1.11 Cu to thp nt khung


Hnh 1.12. Cu to ct treo gia cng
1.3 KHUNG B TNG CT THP LP GHP.
Khung btng ct thp lp ghp c tht k gm cc cu kin ct, dm, k c
mng c ch to ti nh my, vn cuyn n cng trng lp rp li. Vic tnh
ton khung lp ghp hon ton ging khung ton khi, do vy phn cn li ch l
vic x l cc mi lin kt. V nguyn tc cc mi ni phi chc chn, m bo
cng v cng ca ton b kt cu kt cu lm vic ging nh ton khi.
1.3.1 S KHUNG LP GHP V NA LP GHP.


H nh 1.13. S tnh khung lp ghp

Hnh 1.14 S khung ngang nh cng nghip lp ghp
Ct btng ct thp lp ghp kt hp vi dm mi, dn mi bng thp hoc btng
ct thp cho php lm nh c dp ln 18m, 24m, 36m.Trong nh c th c cu chy
chy trn vai ct hoc cu chy treo vo kt cu mi. Nhiu nh cng cng c
dng lp theo s trn hnh 1.13. Cc s ny cng thch hp vi kt cu nh
kho. S trn hnh 1.14 c dng cho nhng nh c dp n 15m c mi dc lp
bng vt liu nh. Do kt cu l tnh nh nn khng pht sinh ni lc do ln khng
u.
i vi khung lp ghp, vic to nt cng l kh khn hn so vi khung ton khi.
V vy vic phn nh khung thnh nhng phn ring bit ch to cng xng
hoc trn sn bi ri lp ghp vo v tr thit k i hi nhiu yu cu k thut
trong khu ch to v ni ghp chnh xc l ng quan tm. Chi ph thp v nhn
cng cho mt mi ni cng khng nh. Tuy vy, mi ni khp rt d thc hin i
vi khung lp ghp, nn cc nh mt tng c s nh trn hnh 1.15 kh thch hp
vi khung lp ghp v c s dng rng ri trong xy dng cng nghip v dn
dng.
i vi khung nhiu tng, vic chia ct thnh cc cu kin lp ghp (l nhng phn
ring bit ch to sn) phi xut pht t kh nng ca thit b cu, s thun tin
trong ch to , cht kho, chuyn ch cu lp v hn ni, d hon v cu kin, d s
s l sai s khi ch to v dng lp.
Khi tnh ton cu kin ca kt cu lp ghp c k n ni lc b sung sinh ra trong
qu trnh vn chuyn v cu lp, ti trng do trng lng bn thn cu kin cn
nhn vi h s ng lc, ly bng 1,6 khi vn chuyn v ly bng 1,4 khi cu lp.
i vi cc h s ng lc trn y, nu c c s chc chn cho php ly cc gi tr
thp hn nhng khng thp hn 1,25.

Cc kt cu bn lp ghp cng nh kt cu ton khi dng ct chu lc chu ti
trng thi cng cn c tnh ton theo bn , theo s hnh thnh v m rng vt
nt v theo bin dng trong hai giai on lm vic sau y:
a) Trc khi b tng mi t cng quy nh, kt cu c tnh ton theo
ti trng do trng lng ca phn b tng mi v ca mi ti trng khc
tc dng trong qu trnh b tng.
b) Sau khi b tng mi t cng quy nh, kt cu c tnh ton theo
ti trng tc dng trong qu trnh xy dng v ti trng khi s dng.
Mi ni c th l khp (ch truyn lc ct v lc dc), cng c th l cng (phi
truyn c lc ct, lc dc v mmen). D l mi ni khp hay cng th sau khi ni
chng phi bo m cho kt cu c c trng lm vic nh s tnh ton, ngha l
lm vic nh mt kt cu khng b chia ct.
Trn hnh 1.15 trnh by mt s phng n trong vic chia ct khung.


Phng n a c u im l gim s lng mi ni, nhng trng lng cu kin khc
nhau qu nhiu, cu kin kh cht kho v chuyn ch.
phng n b mi ni c t ch c mmen nh nhng ct c hnh ch thp
nn kh cht kho, chuyn ch ; kh dng lp, nh v cho ng tm v kh tin
hnh ni ghp.
phng n c, cc cu kin u thng, d ch to, cht kho v chuyn ch, trng
lng cc cu kin tng i ging nhau. Tuy nhin mi ni dm phi nm ch
c mmen ln nht.
Trong nh cng nghip ngi ta thng hay dng phng n d, ct c vai
dm.
1.3.2 CU TO MI NI KHUNG LP GHP V NA LP GHP.
Mi ni khung lp ghp c th c chn mt trong hai loi : mi ni t v mi
ni kh. S nguyn tc v mi ni kh v t c th hin trn hnh 1.16,
hnh1.18

Hnh 1.16 Mi ni kh

Mi ni t c hon thnh bng cch t ct thp lin kt v btng ti ch
ni hai cu kin lp ghp vi nhau. Kh nng chu ti ca mi ni ch t c khi
btng vo mi ni cng . u im ca loi mi ni ny l d thi cng,
chi ph t thp cho mi ni v khng cn phi hn ti hin trng, mi ni c bo
v tt. Nhc im ca mi ni t l phi btng ti ch, vic btng mi
ni t i hi gim st k thut cht ch, kh qun l cht lng ; phi ch btng
kh cng mi bo m kh nng chu ti ca mi ni
Mi ni kh c thc hin thng qua hn ni nhng chi tit bng thp t u
cu kin (cc chi tit ny phi c ni vi thp chu lc) thng c gi l chi
tit chn sn. u im ca mi ni kh l ngay sau khi hn, m ni c th chu
lc v c th tip tc qu trnh lp ghp. Nhc im ca n l chi ph thp bn v
thp hnh cho mi ni kh ln, i hi th hn gii v chnh xc cao khi ch to
v lp ghp.
Hnh 1.16 th hin mt mi ni khp gia ct v dm. Dm c gi ln cngxon
ca ct. Cngxon phi chu lc ct bng phn lc gi ta ca dm. Ti mi
ni tit din dm b gim, gi tr mmen un nh nn c th coi nh khp.

Hnh 1.17 Mi ni t

Hnh 1.17 th hin mt phng n ni ct chu c mmen (ni cng). hnh1.18
ch ni bn ct thp gc tit din, mi ni ny thch hp vi tit din c mmen
un nh. Khi hn ct thp phi c phu lm mng hn.Tng chiu cao phn ni
khng nh hn 30cm v khng nh hn tm ln ng knh ca ct c ni. khc
, i hi vic ch to chnh xc m bo c th hn cc ct thp.
xc nh din tch ct thp chu mmen m (u dm) chiu di ng hn c
th dng s ni lc trn hnh 1.18. Trn hnh 1.18. M v Q l ni lc tit din
u dm , N l lc dc m ct thp u dm phi chu. Gi tr ca N v din tch ct
thp c tnh theo cng thc

b
Z
M
N
(1.20)
s
s
R
N
A

Hnh 1.18S ni lc mi ni .
Nu lc nn N mp di ch xem nh c truyn qua ng hn pha di th Z
b
l khong cch gia trng tm chu ko v trng tm ng hn pha di. Nu
phi s dng btng chu nn th Z
b
c xc nh nh i vi cu kin chu un.

Hnh 1.19 Chi tit lin kt dm cu chy vo vai ct.
CHNG 2 - KT CU CU THANG Trang43

CHNG 2. KT CU CU THANG
2.1 KHI NIM CHUNG V PHN LOI
Cu thang l mt b phn kt cu ca ngi nh c mc ch phc v cho vic i ln
xung ca ngi sinh sng hoc lm vic trong ngi nh , v vy cu thang phi
c thit k theo cc yu cu sau y :
- V tr cu thang thun li v s lng theo tiu chun thit k. Trong cc
nh cao tng, cu thang thng c b tr gn khu vc thang my .
- - B rng phi m bo yu cu i l v thot him. dc theo tiu chun
thit k.
- -Kt cu phi kh nng chu lc, c bn vng v rung ng cho
php.
- -C kh nng chng chy
- -Nhiu khi cu thang cn l
mt b phn kin trc lm hi
ha ni tht cng trnh v vy
cu thang phi c trang tr
p.

Hnh 2.1 Cu to cu thang

V cng dng, cu thang c cc loi dng
cho cng trnh dn dng ( nh , bnh vin)
cng trnh cng cng ( trng hc, nh ht,
trin lm,) cng trnh cng nghip .Cc
loi cu thang b tng ct thp


H nh 2.2. M hnh cc loi cu thang
Mt bng cu thang rt a dng, c loi mt v, hai v, ba v, xon c, Ngi
thit k cn c yu cu ca cng trnh v v tr t cu thang, cn la chn loi thch
hp v h kt cu tng ng.


Hnh 2.3 Mt bng cc loi cu thang.
2.2 TI TRNG TC DNG.
Chiu dy bn thang h
b
=(1/30-1/35)L c chn ty thuc vo nhp bn thang
chiu rng v thang B=1~2m. Trn bn thang xy bc gch hoc c btng ct
thp. Ti trng tc dng ln bn thang bao gm bn thn bn thang, bc thang cng
cc lp vt liu trang tr, v hot ti do i li.
(2.1)

Trong
BT
- trng lng th tch ca b tng,
BT
=2500(daN/m
3
).
tb
- trng lng trung bnh ca cc lp cu to bc,
tb
=2200(daN/m
3
)
BT b v v tb c
x1,1xh + x1,1x x1,1xh
q = + + p .1, 2
cos 2

v
- trng lng va t,
v
=1800(daN/m
3
)
h
b
- Chiu dy an thang.
h
v
- Chiu dy va t; h
v
=1,5cm
h- chiu cao bc hon thin; chnh xc phi ly theo kch thc thit k kin
trc. (xem h nh 2.1)
p
c
- hot ti tiu chun s dng cu thang.
2.3 TNH TON CU THANG BN CHU LC.

Hnh 2.4 .S tnh cu thang

2.3.1 T NH BN THANG
- S tnh : xem bn thang lm vic 1 phng , khi tnh ton ct di bn
rng 1m theo phng c gi ta tnh. Bn lm vic nh dm gy khc.

Ty theo vic b tr h dm chiu ngh, dm chiu ti , ta c cc s tnh nh
hnh 2.4.
- Xc nh t i tr ng (trnh b y 2.2)
- Xc nh ni lc : dng phng php mt ct ca c hc kt cu hoc s
dng cc phn mm PTHH tnh ni lc bn thang.

Hnh diy minh ha s tnh, biu phn lc bn thang, biu momen
bn thang cho loi cu thang bn chu lc.

S tnh bn thang


Phn lc gi ta

Biu momen bn thang

S phn b ni lc trong bn thang tnh theo m hnh khng gian
- Tnh thp: tnh v chn thp ging nh kt cu bn hc, ti v tr gi ta
khng c momen min trn , chng ta vn t thp theo cu to vi hm
lng
ct
=0,4 ( - l hm lng thp min di bn thang)
- Btr v cu to thp xem phn 2.4.

2.3.2 T NH DM THANG
- S tnh : thng c s dm n gin , lin kt gi ta ngm hay
khp ty theo xt cng n v cu kin.
- Nhng thc ra khi xt iu kin cng n v th dm thang nu c ton
khi vi ct l lin kt nt cng, nu dm thang c gi ta l dm th c s
tnh l dm lin kt 1gi ta cnh v gi di ng (thp min trn t theo
quy nh cu to
ct
=0,4 ( - l hm lng thp min di dm thang)
- Ti trng tc dng:
Trng lng b n thn dm
Ti trng do bn thang truyn vo; chnh l gi tr phn lc gi ta bn thang
(daN/1m rng bn).
Trng lng tng xy (nu c)
- Xc nh ni lc
- Tnh thp: tnh v chn thp ging nh kt cu dm hc, lu dm lin
kt bn xon cn kim tra v c u to thp theo cu kin chu un xon.


2.4 CU TO THP CU THANG.
Cu thang c bn chu lc c th c mt bng hnh cong dng cung trn. Loi an
ny c cu to dc vo pha trong tng thm cng ca bn thang chu lc. Bn
thang chu un v xon ( hnh 2-5).

Cu to thp cu thang bn xon.

Hnh 2.5 Cu thang bn xon

Dm xng c l b phn kt cu quan trng nht thng c t gia v thang.
Cc bc khng bt kn m h, chng c neo cht vo dm xng c. Dm
xng c c th c dng thng, gy gc hoc cong (h nh 2.6b)
Dm xng c c th ton khi ton b cng bc thang hoc ton khi, dm
xng c cn bc thang c sn c lp v neo vo dm xng c. vn ca
bc thang so vi mt bn ca dm xng c ti a l 1m sao cho thp chu lc
trong bc thang khng qu ln gy kh un thp bc thang.an bc c tnh nh
an cng xon ngm vo dm thang. Dm xng c l cu kin chu un xon cho
nn phi m bo y cc yu cu ca cu kin chu un v xon ng thi c
ngm cht u di v u trn.

Hnh 2.6. Cu to thp bn thang
a. bn thang c limon bin; b. bn cu thang xng c ; c. bn cng xon



H nh 2.7. Cu to thp bn thang
hnh a- Bn v bc c ton khi;hnh b- Bc xy gch
h nh c- Bc xy gch, nhng bc ti chiu ngh c c b tng.

hnh a
hnh b


Khi t thp cn ch cc ch gy gc ca bn thang hay dm thang to ra gc li
(hnh 2-8)
Hp lc vng nn v vng ko u hng ra pha ngoi, v vy vng ko thp
phi neo, vng nn thp phi cu to lin tc.

hnh c
CHNG 3 - KT CU H NC Trang54


H nh 2.8. Gia cng ai ti dm gy.
2.5 Bi tp cu thang
Thit k kt cu cc cu thang b c mt bng b tr nh hnh (2.9a, b, c.) theo s
liu sau:


CHNG 3. KT CU H NC
3.1 GII THIU CHUNG
B cha bng b tng ct thp c xy dng v s dng rng ri vo mc ch
cha ng cc loi cht lng nh nc, xng, du, ha cht, thc phm lng
Thng thng, i vi nhng trng hp dung tch b cha c khng qu ln, th
loi kt cu ny l mt b phn kt cu gn vi cng trnh. Bn cnh , trong mt
s trng hp i vi nhng b c dung tch ln hn, b cha c xy dng nh
thnh mt cng trnh kt cu c lp.
3.1.1 YU CU THIT K
V mt yu cu thit k, nhn chung, ty thuc vo yu cu s dng i vi tng
trng hp c th m b cha cht lng c cc yu cu v hnh dng, yu cu v
cu to, yu cu chng thm, v yu cu chng n mn nhng mc khc nhau.
Ngoi ra, nhng yu cu c th v thit k v thi cng cng thng rt khc nhau
mi nc.
i vi b cha nc dng cho nhu cu sinh hot, do b tng hu nh khng b
nc n mn, do ch cn m bo tnh kn cho b . iu ny dn n yu cu v
c chc ca vt liu b tng v kh nng chng nt v chng thm trong qu
trnh thit k
Bn cnh nc sinh hot, cc b cha nc thi cha x l thng phc tp hn rt
nhiu do c cha cc ha cht phc tp khc. V vy vn tun th thm yu cu
chng n mn b tng theo tng trng hp tng ng.
Khc vi b cha nc, b cha nhin liu c yu cu cao hn nh khng cho php
vt nt, kh nng chng n mn ca b tng i vi cc nhin liu trong b. Bn
cnh yu cu chng thm cng cao hn so vi b nc do tnh thm thu cao ca
mt s loi nhin liu.
3.1.2 PHN LOI
B cha c th c phn loi theo cc tiu ch sau:
- Theo chc nng s dng, c nhng loi b cha nh:
B cha nc sch,
b cha ha cht,

b cha nhin liu,...
- Theo dung tch, b cha c phn loi thnh cc loi sau:
B nh dung tch < 1.000m
3

B trung bnh 1.000m
3
dung tch < 10.000m
3

B ln dung tch 10.000m
3

- Theo hnh dng b, b cha bng b tng ct thp thng c xy dng
thnh cc dng sau:
B hnh tr trn,
b hnh ch nht,
b hnh vung,
b c hnh dng t bit
- Theo cng ngh hay bin php thi cng :
B ton khi, b lp ghp,b bn lp ghp
B bng b tng ct thp thng, b bng b tng ct thp ng sut
trc.
- Theo v tr t b :
B ngm,
b na ngm ,
b ni.
3.1.3 TI TRNG TC DNG
Trong qu trnh thit kt v tnh ton kt cu b cha, cn xem xt tt c cc loi tc
ng c th tc dng vo b cha nhm tnh ton ti trng tc dng cho kt cu.
Thng thng c th gp cc trng hp ti trng sau:
- Ti trng thng xuyn do trng lng bn thn kt cu
- Ti trng tm thi do cht lng cha bao gm:

p lc thy tnh,
p lc d ca khng gian hi v p lc chn khng ca khng gian
hi (trong trng hp b kn).
- Ti trng tm thi do p lc t ch ng (trong trng hp b ngm)
- Ti trng tm thi do nc ngm (trong trng hp b ngm)
- Ti trng tm thi do trng lng t trn np b (trong trng hp b
ngm)
- Ti trng tm thi do sa cha.
- Ti trng tm thi do gi.
Ngoi ra, trong mt s trng hp, cn xt n tc ng do s thay i nhit v
tc ng a chn.
Vic t hp ti trng nhm xem xt cc trng hp bt li cn c thc hin theo
tiu chun 2737-1995
3.2 THIT K B CHA NC TRN MI HNH CH NHT
3.2.1 CU TO CHUNG
B cha nc trn mi l mt b phn kt cu gn lin vi cng trnh, c xy
dng nhm mc ch lu tr nc s dng v cha chy cho cng trnh.
Thng thng, b cha nc hnh ch nht c phn lm 3 loi:
- B thp khi: v
- B cao khi: v
- B di khi: v
Trong :
: Chiu cao b
: Chiu di b
: Chiu rng b
h
h
1
L2
L
1
BAh hAF
BAh BAY
B
A
h

T
h
A
h
h
L THM
Hnh 3.1 S cu to h nc

to ra cu kin c kh nng cha ng cht lng, b cha ch nht c cu
thnh t cc bn v h nc gm bn y, bn thnh v bn np. Cc bn ny c
th lin kt trc tip vi nhau (b khng sn) hoc thng qua cc dm h nc v
sn ng lin kt cc bn thnh (b c sn).
Thng thng bn np thng b tr l thm kch thc ti thiu 600x600 nhm
mc ch v sinh v bo tr h thng thit b.
3.2.2 TI TRNG TC NG
i vi b cha nc trn mi, cc ti trng cn xem xt s bao gm ti trng bn
thn, p lc thy tnh, v ti trng gi. Ngoi ra trong mt s trng hp cn xem
xt n tc ng t cc thit b cng ngh lp t phm vi y b hoc np b,
hoc nh hng ca ng lc trc , v vy vic xem xt s lm vic ng thi ca
b cha trm mi vi h khung cng l mt vn ng lu trong qu trnh thit
k b cha xem xt y cc tc ng ln cu kin. V ngc li khi tnh ton
h khung ca cng trnh, b nc trn mi cng gy ra nhng tc ng nht nh.
Nhn chung, vic tnh ton tnh ton b cha hin nay thng c thc hin bng
hai qui trnh tnh ton thng dng:
- n gin trong tnh ton, b cha c tch ring tng b phn cu thnh
v lp s tnh cho tng b phn ring bit sau khi xem xt cc iu kin
bin ca b phn .
- Lp s tnh tng hp xem xt n s lm vic ng thi ca cc b phn
ca b v tnh ton bng phng php phn t hu hn.
Trong phn l thuyt ny s trnh by qui trnh tnh ton bng cch tch ring tng
b phn cu thnh sau. i vi cch tnh ton b cha khi xem xt s lm thi tt
c cc cu kin s c trnh by trong phn v d.
3.2.3 TNH TON CC B PHN
a) BN NP
Bn np ton khi c sn (dm np) lm vic nh bn c kch thc L
1
xL
2
,
chiu dy l h
bn
.
Ti trng
Ti trng tc dng ln bn np gm tnh ti do trng lng bn thn bn np v hot
ti sa cha. C th xt thm ti trng do thit b gy ra nu c.

- Tnh ti do trng lng bn thn c tnh da vo lp cu to bn np:
1
n
bn i i i
g n ( 3.1)
: Chiu dy lp cu to
: Trng lng ring
: H s vt ti
- Hot ti sa cha theo TCVN 2737-1995 :
p
bn
= p
c
x n
p
( 3.2)
p
c
= 75 (daN/m
2
); n
p
= 1.3

S tnh :
Ty thuc vo t s L
1
/L
2
bn np c th xem nh bn k 4 cnh hoc bn loi dm.

Tnh ton ni lc bng cch tra bng hoc phn mm. T ni lc tnh b tr ct thp
cho bn np.

L1
L
2
S0 B0 Thh LA BAh KE 4 CAhh S0 B0 Thh LA BAh L0A 0AM
L
2
Hnh 3.2 S tnh bn np


MT CT B-B

b) BN THNH
S lm vic ca bn thnh:
Trn thc t, bn thnh l cu kin bn chu nn un thi, tuy nhin n gin
trong qu trnh tnh ton khi tch thnh cu kin ring l, c th xem bn thnh lm
vic tng t bn n hoc bn lin tc chu un lin kt ngm vi dm dy v
hai sn ng lin kt vi hai bn vung gc vi n. Cnh lin kt cn li vi dm
np hoc bn np c th xem l lin kt ta n. Trong trng hp khng c bn
np, cnh cn li xem nh t do.
Do xem bn thnh nh bn, ty thuc vo t l kch thc hai cnh ca m s
tnh c th l dng bn k hoc bn dm.
Kch thc s b:
Chiu dy ca bn thnh c chn nh khi thit k bn, thng c chn m
bo c cc iu kin: kh nng chu lc theo TTGH 1 v m bo iu kin
v khe nt theo TTGH 2. Bn cnh , khi chn chiu dy bn thnh cn lu l
12O
12O
8
O
6a170
1O
8a200
8
6a140
7 G
6a140 6a160
6a140
8
6a200
1O
125O 12O 125O 12O
0
h
1
0h2
0
h
1
0h2
MAT BAh0 B0 TR ThEF BAh hAF h0 hu0C MA
58OO
8
5
O
O
B
A
B
A
600x600
212
4OO
(30)
Hnh 3.3 Minh ha b tr ct thp bn np

bn thnh s c t thp hai lp, do cn xem xt iu kin b tng ng
i vi bn. Thng thng, chiu dy bn thnh lun chn h
bt
100mm.
Ti trng tc dng :
Ti trng tc dng ln bn thnh gm c tnh ti, hot ti do p lc nc, v ti
trng gi. V nguyn tc, cn phi t hp tt c cc trng hp t hp do cc
trng hp hot ti c th xy ra gm gi ht, gi y, hot ti nc khi y nc
v khi khng c nc. Tuy nhin, d dng nhn thy i vi cc trng hp hot ti
tc dng trn, trng hp nguy him nht cho bn thnh s l trng hp gi ht
xy ra ng thi khi y nc. V vy cc loi ti trng tc dng ln bn thnh
c tnh v t hp t cc thnh phn sau:
- Tnh ti do trng lng bn thn c b qua do ch gy ra lc nn ln bn
thnh.
- Hot ti do p lc nc :
n n p
p Hn ( 3.3)vi :
: Chiu cao bn thnh
: Trng lng ring nc
: H s vt ti , n
p
1.1
- Ti trng gi : xt trng hp gi ht :
W=w
o
nkc= 0.4w
o
nk ( 3.4)
S TNH
I VI B THP KHI v
- T s tnh, nu l bn k bn cnh: c th tnh
m men nhp v gi bng phng php tra bng
i vi tng trng hp ti, sau dng phng
php cng tc dng tm ra gi tr m men cui
cng. Ngoi ra c th dng phn mm h tr bng
phng php phn t hu hn.
L1
L
2
S0 B0 Thh LA BAh KE 4 CAhh
Hnh 3.4

- Nu bn thnh thuc loi dm: C th tnh m
men nhp v gi theo bng tra v dng phng
php cng tc dng:

2 2
9
33.6 128
n
n
p h Wh
M ( 3.5)

2 2
15 8
n
g
p h Wh
M
( 3.6)
- T ni lc tnh v b tr ct thp cho bn thnh.

I VI TRNG HP B CAO KHI : v
Bn thnh c tnh nh sau:
Chia bn thnh thnh hai phn I pha trn c chiu
cao bng H v phn II pha di cao bng H
nh trn hnh v .
Ct theo phng mt phng ngang 1 di c b
rng bng 1m , ti cao bt k, s tnh ca
phn ny l mt khung kn chu tc dng ca p
lc nc ti cao tng ng.
(the vong thanh ho)
(the vong thanh ho)
(the doc thanh ho)
chieu day thanh
12O
8a200
6a170
1G
17
GOO
8a200
8
6a200
1O
18OO
0
1OOO 8OO
1OOO 12O
Hnh 3.6 MINH HA B TR CT THP BN THNH
Hnh 3.7 . Bn thnh b cao
L
2
Hnh 3.5 S tnh l
bn loi dm

p
p z
n
n
( 3.7)
3 3
1 2
1 2
12( )
A B C D
L L
M M M M M p
L L
( 3.8)
2
2
1
8
L
M p M
( 3.9)
1
2
2
8
L
M p M
( 3.10)
Lc ko ti nt:
T
a
=0.5pL
2
; T
b
=0.5pL
1
( 3.11)
Phn II tnh ton nh bn sn vi s tnh l bn k 4 cnh: 3 cnh ngm (ngm
vi dm y v hai sn ng), 1 cnh t do.
B DI : khi v
Theo phng cnh di, bn thnh cnh di c chia lm 3 phn theo t l nh hnh
v:

S tnh cc bn c trnh by theo nh hnh sau :

Hnh 3.8 Momen v lc ko thnh h
h
L2
L
1
1
.5
h
L
1
8
h
1
.5
h
1
2
1
8
Hnh 3.9 Bn thnh b di
L1
L
2
S0 B0 Thh 0 S0 1
1
L1
L
2
2
L1
L
2
8
S0 B0 Thh 0 S0 2 S0 B0 Thh 0 S0 8
Hnh 3.10 S tnh bn thnh b di

Tnh ton v b tr ct thp theo cu to nh bn thng thng. Do bn ng, thp
trong bn thng c b tr 2 lp. C th i xng hoc khng i xng.
c) BN Y
Bn y trong h nc mi thng c lin kt vi h dm y to h sn sn
ton khi, trong bn y c kch thc L
1
xL
2
, chiu dy l h
b
.
Ti trng tc dng ln bn y gm tnh ti do trng lng bn thn bn y v hot
ti nc. C th xt thm ti trng do thit b gy ra nu c.
- Tnh ti do trng lng bn thn c tnh da vo lp cu to bn y:
( 3.12)
: Chiu dy lp cu to
: Trng lng ring
: H s vt ti
Hot ti nc: ( 3.13) vi :
: Chiu cao bn thnh
: Trng lng ring nc
: H s vt ti , n
p
1.1
S tnh : Ty thuc vo t s L
1
/L
2
bn y c th xem nh bn k 4 cnh hoc
bn dm. Tnh ton v b tr ging bn np, tuy nhin cn lu cu to lin kt vi
dm y hoc thnh h cn m bo yu cu chng thm

L1
L
2
S0 B0 Thh LA BAh KE 4 CAhh S0 B0 Thh LA BAh L0A 0AM
L
2
Hnh 3.11 S tnh bn y



d) H DM NP, DM Y, SN NG V CT H NC
Thng thng vi b cha nc trn mi, b cha c lin kt vi h khung thng
qua cc ct h nc. Cc ct h nc, ngoi ng vai tr lin kt vi khung, cn
dng to ra khng gian bn di h nc t cc thit b v lm tch bit h
h nc v sn tng di.
i vi h dm np, dm y v sn ng, vic tnh ton ring l tng cu kin
thng khng phn nh ng bn cht lm vic ca chng do lin kt khng gian
gia cc dm v sn ng v nh hng ca cc bn thnh bng b tng ct thp.
Do , khi tnh ton h cc dm np, sn ng v dm y, cn c tnh ton
nh mt h khung lm vic ng thi. Nu b qua nh hng ca bn thnh, s
tnh ca c h nh sau:

1
5
O
G
O
O
1
8a150
2
8a170
1O
8a200 12a150
8
12a150
8 1O
8a200
4 8
5OOO
125O 8OO 125O 8OO

Hnh 3.12 Minh ha b tr thp bn y
h
h
1
L2
L
1
0AM hAF
0AM BAY
S
u
0
h

B
u
h
0
Hnh 3.13 S h khung h nc

TI TRNG NG :
H dm np :
Tnh ti : gm ti trng bn thn dm np v trng lng bn thn bn np
truyn vo di dng hnh thang hoc tam gic.
Hot ti : Gm hot ti sa cha do bn np truyn vo di dng hnh thang
hoc tam gic.
H dm y :
Tnh ti : Bao gm ti trng bn thn dm y, ti trng bn thn bn y
truyn vo di dng hnh thang hoc tam gic, v ti trng bn thn ca
bn thnh truyn xung.
Hot ti: Hot ti nc truyn t bn y truyn vo dm y.
TI TRNG NGANG:
Gm hot ti gi v p lc ngang ca nc. ti trng ngang ny c truyn t bn
thnh vo h khung qua dm np, dm y, v sn.
Khi tnh ton h cn t hp cc hot ti nh i vi mt h khung bnh thng.
3.3 THIT K B CHA NGM HNH CH NHT
Khc vi b cha trn mi thng c bng cc ct h nc, b nc ngm t
trc tip trn mt t thng thng s c thit k c th truyn ton b p lc
ng ln nn t thng qua bn y. Bn cnh , khi b nc t trn nn t,
ngoi cc ti trng thng thng khc, s phi chu thm p lc t, v vy vic tnh
ton v cu to c mt vi khc bit so vi b nc trn mi.
Theo v tr tng i ca b so vi nn t, c th phn loi cc b ngm theo cc
loi b ni, b na chm, v b chm nh hnh sau y:

MAT BAT Tu hhEh
BE ChM
BE huA ChM
BE h0
Hnh 3.14 V tr tng i ca b so vi mt t

3.3.1 TI TRNG TC NG
Cc loi ti trng tc dng :
- Trng lng bn thn v cc lp cu to.
- Hot ti sa cha
- p lc cht lng cha trong b (hot ti ngn hn).
- p lc t (ch ng) tc dng xung quanh thnh b.
- p lc nc ngm tc dng ln thnh b v y b (hot ti di hn).
- Trng lng cc lp t p trn b (hot ti di hn) v ngi s dng (hot
ti ngn hn).
3.3.2 TNH TON CC B PHN B
a) BN NP
Bn np b nc ngm lm vic ging bn sn chu lc phn b gm :
- Trng hp b ni v b na chm: Ti trng bn thn bn np v cc lp
cu to, hot ti sa cha.
- Trng hp b chm: Ti trng bn thn bn np v cc lp cu to, ti trng
lp t p trn bn np v cc ti trng ph t ln lp t nu c.
Vic tnh ton bn np tng t tnh ton sn phn b u.
b) BN THNH
i vi b ni, bn thnh khng tip xc trc tip vi t nn tnh ton tng t
bn thnh b nc trn mi. Thng thng, vi chiu cao so vi mt t khng
nhiu, c th b qua ti trng gi do gi tr khng ng k.

MAT BAT Tu hhEh
6k6 T00h h0F TkI T0h Tk6 0h LEh 8E h0I
Fn (A luc nuJc)
Hnh 3.15

Tnh ton gi tr ti trng nh sau:
n n p
p . . H n ( 3.14)
: Chiu cao bn thnh
: Trng lng ring nc
: H s vt ti , n
p
1.1
i vi b na chm v b chm, khi ny, bn thnh s chu tc ng ca p lc t
quanh bn thnh v p lc nc bn trong b.

2
2
(45 )
2
o
d d p
p H n tg ( 3.15)
2
1
(45 )
2
o
d d c p
p H n tg ( 3.16)
2
2
( ) (45 )
2
o
d d c p
p H H n tg ( 3.17)
Vi :

d
: Trng lng ring t
: Trng lng ring nc
: Gc ma st trong ca t
: Chiu cao bn thnh
MAT BAT Tu hhEh
6k6 T00h h0F TkI T0h Tk6 0h LEh 8E h0k 6hM
h
2
MAT BAT Tu hhEh
Fn (A luc nuJc) Fd2 (A luc dat)
Fd1 (A luc dat)
Fn (A luc nuJc) Fd (A luc dat)
6k6 T00h h0F TkI T0h Tk6 0h LEh 8E 6hM
h
c
h
h
1
Hnh 3.16 Hnh 3.17

: H s vt ti , n
p
1.1
Trong qu trnh tnh ton , cn tnh ton ring cho tng trng hp ti ri t hp li.
S tnh v b tr ct thp tng t bn thnh h nc trn mi.
c) BN Y
Bn y h nc chu tc dng ca p lc nc , ng thi cng c xem nh bn
mng truyn ton b ti trng ca h nc xung nn t. V vy , bn y trong
b nc ngm c tnh ton vi hai trng hp chu ti nh sau:
Khi b y nc : Bn y c tnh nh bn mng nm trn nn n hi v chu
cc loi ti trng :
- Ti trng phn b u trn bn y gm trng lng bn thn cc lp cu to
bn y v nc :
i i i n p
q n Hn (Lc/din tch) ( 3.18)

i
: Chiu dy mi lp cu to bn y

i
: Trng lng ring mi lp cu to bn y

i
n
: H s tin cy

n
: Trng lng ring cht lng cha trong b
H: chiu cao b
n
p
: H s tin cy cht lng cha trong b
- Ti trng phn b u quanh chu vi bn y gm trng lng bn thn cc
lp cu tp bn thnh, ti trng phn b bn np ca bn np truyn vo dm
np v trng lng bn thn dm np.
d bt dn dn
q g g q ( lc/chiu di) ( 3.19)
g
bt
: Ti trng bn thn bn thnh qui v phn b u trn chiu di
g
dn
:Ti trng bn thn dm np (nu c) qui v phn b u trn chiu
di

q
dn
: Ti trng hnh thang, tam gic do ti trng bn thn v hot ti
dm np truyn vo dm np
tnh ton ni lc bn y, cn xc nh h s nn, (tham kho ti liu nn mng)
t tnh ton cc gi tr ni lc v thit k thp bn y.

Khi b khng c nc, bn y c tnh nh bn sn, k 4 cnh vo bn thnh v
chu cc loi ti trng sau :
- Trng lng bn thn bn y Ti trng ny c th b qua thin v an
ton.
Phn lc t nn di bn y :
1 2
G
p
L L
( 3.20)
Vi G l tng ti trng ca b nc tnh c phn t p bn trn.
-

80 0 Thh 8kh kY T0h T00h h0F 8E kY h006
q
qd
Hnh 3.18
80 0 Thh 8kh kY T0h T00h h0F 8E kh0h 60 h006

Hnh 3.19

Ct thp trong bn y c tnh ton v b tr tha mn c hai trng hp trn.
3.3.3 KIM TRA Y NI B NGM
Khi c mc nc ngm cao hn y b, b cn c kim tra y ni trnh
trng hp b b y tri ln khi khng cha nc
iu kin kim tra:
1 2 nn d n
G L L h ( 3.21)
Vi
G l tng ti trng ca b
nc tnh c phn t p
bn trn.

d n
: Dung trng y ni
h
nn
: chiu cao mc nc
ngm tnh t y b
3.4 V D TNH TON
Yu cu thit k mt h nc trn mi ct h nc c t theo, kch thc
8mx7.6mx1.6m t cch sn mi 1.5m. Chiu cao sn mi l 25.2m. Vt liu s
dng : s dng chung vi h thng kt cu ton nh :
Btng B20
Thp c >=10 s dng thp AIII
Thp c <10 s dng thp AI
Gii:
a) XC LP S KT CU
S kt cu h nc c xc lp nh hnh v sau:
h
n
n
MuC hu0C h0AM
Hnh 3.20 B ngm


b) CHN S B KCH THC TIT DIN
- H dm - bn np:
+ Chn chiu dy bn np:
n
= 8 cm.
+ Chn h dm chnh: DN1= 250x400 , DN2= 250x400
+ Chn h dm ph : DN3= 200x300 , DN4= 200x300
+ L thm : 600x600
- H dm - bn y.
- Chn chiu dy bn y:

= 15 cm.
- Chn h dm chnh: DD1= 300x700 , DD2= 300x700
- Chn h dm ph : DD3= 300x500 , DD4= 300x500
- Bn thnh.
- Chn chiu dy bn thnh: th = 12 cm.
- Chiu cao thnh h: h= Hi hDN1 = 1.60.4 = 1.2 (m)
c) TNH TON BN NP.
1
G
O
O
1
5
O
O
7GOO
8
O
O
O
0h2
0h2
0
h
1
0
h
1
0
h
8
0h4
002
002
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
8
004
C
1 C
1
C
1


QUAN NIM TNH.
+ Cc bn S1 c chiu dy l 8cm. Ta c h
d
/h
b
= 30/8 = 3.75 > 3 nn bn lin kt
vi dm c xem l ngm.
+ Cc bn S1 c t s L
2
/L
1
= 4/3.8 = 1.05 < 2 nn bn lm vic theo 2 phng.
XC NH TI TRNG.
+ Ti trng tc dng phn b u trn 1m
2
bn:
Cc lp cu to
Chiu
dy
TT tiu
chun H s
TT tnh
ton
lp
(mm) (daN/m3)

(daN/m2)
vt
ti

(daN/m2)
- Lp va XM 20 1800 36 1.1 39.6
- Sn BTCT dy 80 80 2500 200 1.1 220.0
- Lp lt 15 1800 27 1.1 29.7
Tng cng 289
+Hot ti sa cha:
Theo bng 3 TCVN 2737:1995, hot ti sa cha c gi tr tiu chun l
1 2
A
B

p
tc
= 75 daN/m2.
Nh vy p
tt
= 75 x 1.3 = 97.5 daN/m2.
P= (g
tt
+ p
tt
).L
1
.L
2

bn
L
1
(m)
L
2
(m)
g
tt
(daN/m
2
)
p
tt
(daN/m
2
)
P
(daN)
S1 3.8 4 289 98 5882
XC NH NI LC.
+ Do bn u lin kt 4 cnh ngm,v vy thuc loi 9. Tra bng
L
L L
q1
MI
M1
2
1 1
2
L
MIi
M2
q2
MII
MII
MI
M1
M2
MI

Kt qu tnh ton ni lc nh bng sau:
P (daN) m
91
m
92
k
91
k
92

M
1

(daN.m/m)
M
2

(daN.m/m)
M
I

(daN.m/m)
M
II

(daN.m/m)
5882 0.0187 0.0171 0.0400 0.0394 109.99 100.58 235.28 231.75
TNH, CHN V B TR THP.
+ Mi bn c tnh thp ng vi moment gi v nhp theo mi phng theo
bi ton cu kin chu un c tit din ch nht b = 100cm, h = h
b
= 8cm, t ct
thp n:
Btng B20 : R
b
= 115 daN/cm
2


Thp c >=10 s dng thp AIII : R
s
= 3650 daN/cm
2

Thp c <10 s dng thp AI : R
s
= 2250 daN/cm
2

- bn c tnh nh cu kin chu un.
- Cc gi thit tnh ton:
a = 1.5 cm khong cch t trng tm ct thp n mp btng chu ko;
b =100cm b rng tnh ton ca di bn.
Din tch ct thp c tnh bng CT:
s
b
s
R
h b R
A
0
. . .

Trong :
m
2 1 1 ; vi
2
0
. . h b R
M
b
m

Kim tra iu kin ct thp:
max
0
min
100 .
.
%
h b
A
s

trong :
min
0.05% .
% 25 . 3 % 100
2250
115
635 . 0 % 100 . .
max
x x
R
R
s
b
R

Ta c bng kt qu tnh ton v b tr thp nh bng sau:
K hiu
sn
Gi tr
moment
(daNm)
m

A
tt
s
(cm
2
)
Thp chn
% a A
s

(cm) (cm) (cm
2
)
S1
M
1
109.99 0.0195 0.0197 0.71 6 150 1.88 0.269
M
2
100.58 0.0178 0.0180 0.64 6 150 1.88 0.269
M
I
235.28 0.0418 0.0427 0.94 8 200 2.52 0.322
M
II
231.75 0.0411 0.0420 0.93 8 200 2.52 0.322
Ct thp phn b nh v thp m - chn thp 6a200.


d) TNH TON BN THNH.
QUAN NIM TNH TON.
+ Thnh b l cu kin chu nn un, nhng do hiu ng nn un l kh nh
nn ta b qua trng lng bn thn ca thnh b n gin trong tnh ton. Xem
thnh b l cu kin chu un c :
+ Cnh di ngm vo bn y.
+ Cnh bn c ngm vo trong ct.
+ Cnh trn ta n do c h dm np bao theo chu vi.
1 2
A
B
88OO 88OO
4
O
O
O
4
O
O
O
8
O
O
O
7GOO
M8 80 T ThEF 8kh hkF
GOO
G
O
O
08a2OO
O5O
08a2OO
O5O O5O
08a2OO
O5O
08a2OO
O5O
08a2OO
O5O O5O
08a2OO
O5O
0Ga15O
0Ga15O
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
8
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
0
8
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
0
8
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
0
8
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
0
8
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
8
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
hZ Z60x400
h
1

Z
6
0
x
4
0
0
h
1

Z
6
0
x
4
0
0
hZ Z60x400
h4 Z00x800
h
8

Z
0
0
x
8
0
0

1
G
O
O
Bn thnh c L
2
/L
1
= 7.6/1.6= 4.75 > 2 nn bn lam vic theo 1 phng
cnh ngn.
Ct 1 di rng 1m theo phng cnh ngn tnh ton.
S tnh nh hnh sau :

XC NH TI TRNG.
p lc nc:
Ti y h: p
th
tt
=
n
n. .H
= 1.1x1000x1.6 = 1760 (daN/m)
p lc gi:
Pha gi y : q
= 1.2 x 83 x 0.884 x 0.8 x 1= 70.4 (daN/m)

Pha gi ht : q
h
= 1.2 x 83 x 0.884 x 0.6 x 1= 52.8 (daN/m)
XC NH NI LC.
Trng hp tc dng ca t hp ti trng nguy him nht ln thnh h l trng
hp p lc gi ht xy ra ng thi vi p lc nc khi b y nc.
Dng phn mm Sap 2000 gii ni lc:


TH p lc gi ht + p lc nc.
Moment gi ln nn dng Mg= 317.27 daN.m tnh ct thp cho thnh b ; d
kin t thp 2 lp chu c M
nhp
(thin v an ton) d thi cng v chu Mg theo
chiu ngc li khi h khng c nc.
TNH,CHN V B TR THP.
+ Tnh ton nh cu kin chu un
Btng B20 : R
b
= 115 daN/cm
2

s
= 3650 daN/cm
2

s
= 2250 daN/cm
2

+ Cc gi thit tnh ton v cng thc nh phn trn (bn thnh dy 12cm)
Gi thit a = 1.5 cm
b =100cm - b rng tnh ton ca di bn.
Bng kt qu tnh ton v la chn ct thp nh bng sau:
Gi tr moment (daNm)
m

A
tt
s
(cm
2
)
Thp chn
% a A
s

(cm) (cm) (cm
2
)
M
1
317.27 0.0250 0.0253 1.36 6 150 1.88 0.179
M
2
139.86 0.0110 0.0111 0.60 6 150 1.88 0.179



0
8
a
2
O
O
0
8
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
G
a
1
2
5
0
G
a
1
2
5
0
G
a
1
2
5
0
G
a
1
2
5
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
G
a
1
5
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
1
2
M
k
T

6
k
T

1
1
4
O
O
4
O
O
8
8
O
O
8
8
O
O
7
G
O
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
0
1
O
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
0
1
O
a
2
O
O
0
1
O
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
0
8
a
2
O
O
0
G
a
2
O
O
1 5 O O 1 G O O
8 1 O O
0
1
O
a
2
5
O
0
1
O
a
2
5
O
0
1
O
a
2
5
O
0
1
O
a
2
5
O

e) TNH TON BN Y.
QUAN NIM TNH:
+ Cc bn S2 c chiu dy =15cm. Ta c h
dmin
/h
b
= 50/15 > 3 nn bn lin kt
vi dm c xem l ngm.
+ Cc bn S2 c t s L
2
/L
1
= 4/3.8 = 1.05 < 2 nn bn lm vic theo 2
phng
XC NH TI TRNG:
+ Ti trng tc dng phn b u trn 1m
2
bn:
Cc lp cu to
Chiu
dy
TT tiu
chun H s
TT tnh
ton
lp
(mm)
(daN/m3
) (daN/m2)
vt
ti (daN/m2)
- Lp va XM to dc
40 1800 72 1.1 79.2
- Lp Keo composit c si chng
thm
5.0
- Sn BTCT dy 150 150 2500 375 1.1 412.5
- Lp lt 15 1800 27 1.1 29.7
Tng cng 526
P = (g
tt
+ p
tt
).L
1
.L
2

bn
L
1
(m)
L
2
(m)
g
tt
(daN/m
2
)
p
tt
(daN/m
2
)
P
(daN)
S2 3.8 4 526 1760 34747
XC NH NI LC:
+ Do bn u lin kt 4 cnh ngm,v vy thuc loi 9. Ct bn theo mi
phng vi b rng b = 1m, gii vi ti phn b u tm moment nhp v gi.
Ta c bng kt qu tnh ton ni lc nh bng sau:
P (daN) m91 m92 k91 k92
M1
(daN.m/m)
M2
(daN.m/m)
MI
(daN.m/m)
MII
(daN.m/m)
34747 0.0187 0.0171 0.0400 0.0394 649.77 594.17 1389.9 1369.03


TNH,CHN V B TR THP:
+ Tnh ton nh cu kin chu un
Btng B20 : R
b
= 115 daN/cm
2

s
= 3650 daN/cm
2

s
= 2250 daN/cm
2

+ Cc gi thit tnh ton v cng thc nh phn trn (bn thnh dy 15cm)
a = 1.5 cm khong cch t trng tm ct thp n mp btng chu ko;
b =100cm b rng tnh ton ca di bn.
Ta c bng kt qu tnh ton v b tr thp nh bng sau:
K hiu
sn
Gi tr
moment
(daNm)
m

A
tt
s
(cm
2
)
Thp chn
%
a A
s

(cm) (cm) (cm
2
)
S1
M
1
649.77 0.0310 0.0315 2.17 6 125 2.26 0.168
M
2
594.17 0.0283 0.0288 1.98 6 125 2.26 0.168
M
I
1389.88 0.0663 0.0687 2.92 10 200 3.93 0.291
M
II
1369.03 0.0653 0.0676 2.88 10 200 3.93 0.291
Ct thp nh v thp m chn 6a200.



f) TNH TON DM NP & DM Y H
QUAN NIM TINH TOAN - S D TRUYN TI
Dm np, dm y c tnh nh mt h dm trc giao. m phng chnh xc s
lm vic v cc kt dm y, dm np, h ct, dng m hnh khng gian bao gm
dm y, dm np v ct, vi ci tC trng c truyn ti t cc bn sn vo v ti
trng gi, ti trong bn thn do chng trnh Sap tnh.

1 2
A
B
88OO 88OO
4
O
O
O
4
O
O
O
8
O
O
O
7GOO
80 T ThEF 8kh kY
01Oa2OO
O5O
01Oa2OO
O5O O5O
01Oa2OO
O5O
0Ga125
0
G
a
1
2
5
0
G
a
1
2
5
01Oa2OO
O5O
01Oa2OO
O5O O5O
01Oa2OO
O5O
0Ga125
0
1
O
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
0
1
O
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
0
1
O
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
0
1
O
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
0
1
O
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
0
1
O
a
2
O
O
O
5
O
O
5
O
Z 800x700
1

8
0
0
x
7
0
0
1

8
0
0
x
7
0
0
Z 800x700
4 800x600
8

8
0
0
x
6
0
0

XAC DNH TI TRNG.
Dm np DN1.
Ti do bn np truyn vo c dng hnh hnh thang, gi tr ln nht ca hnh
thang l:
q
DN1
= q
bn
.3,8/2 = 387 x 3,8/2 = 735.3 (daN/m) .
Dm np DN2
Ti do bn np truyn vo c dng hnh tam gic, gi tr ln nht ca ti tam gic l:
q
DN2
= q
bn
.3,8/2 = 387 x 3,8/2 = 735.3 (daN/m).
Dm np DN3.
Ti do bn np truyn vo c dng hnh hnh thang, gi tr ln nht ca hnh
thang l:
q
DN3
= 2xq
bn
.3,8/2 = 2x387 x 3,8/2 = 1470.6 (daN/m)
Dm np DN4.
Ti do bn np truyn vo c dng hnh tam gic, gi tr ln nht ca ti tam gic l:
q
DN4
= 2xq
bn.
.4/2= 2x387 x 3,8/2 = 1470,6 (daN/m)
Dm y DD1.
i vi dm y gi s nc y bn xc nh ti trng truyn vo dm y, v
thc t khi bn y nc th dm y v ct chu ti trng nguy him nht v hot
ti do gi gy ra rt nh.
Ti do bn y truyn vo c dng hnh hnh thang, gi tr ln nht ca hnh
thang l:
q
DD1
= q
b
.3,8/2 = 2286 x 3,8/2 = 4343,4 (daN/m)
Dm y DD2.
Ti do bn y truyn vo c dng hnh tam gic, gi tr ln nht ca ti tam gic l:
q
DD2
= q
b.
.4/2= 2286 x 3,8/2 = 4343,4 (daN/m)
Dm y DD3.

+ Ti do bn y truyn vo c dng hnh hnh thang, gi tr ln nht ca hnh
thang l:
q
DD3
= 2xq
bn
.3,8/2 = 2x2286x 3,8/2 = 8686.8 (daN/m)
Dm y DD4.
+ Ti do bn y truyn vo c dng hnh tam gic, gi tr ln nht ca ti tam
gic l:
q
DD4
= 2xq
bn.
.4/2= 2x2306x4/2 = 8686,8 (daN/m)
Cc dm y DD1v DD2 cn chu ti trng bn thn ca bn thnh truyn
xung :
Ti trng cc lp cu to bn thnh
Cc lp cu to
Chiu dy TT tiu chun H s TT tnh ton
lp (mm) (daN/m3) (daN/m2) vt ti (daN/m2)
- Lp va XM 20 1800 36 1.1 39.6
- Lp Keo composit c si chng thm 5.0
- Sn BTCT dy 250 120 2500 300 1.1 330.0
- Lp lt 15 1800 27 1.1 29.7
Tng cng 404
Tng ti tc dng ln dm DD1,tnh theo ti ln nht.
q = q
DD1
+ g
BT
= 4343,4 + 404x1,6 = 4989.8 (daN/m).
Tng ti tc dng ln dm DD2, tnh theo ti ln nht.
q = q
DD2
+ g
BT
= 4343,4 + 404x1,6 = 4989.8 (daN/m).
Ti trng gi truyn vo dm np v dm y :
Pha gi y : q
= 1.2 x 83 x 0.884 x 0.8 x 0.8= 56.35 (daN/m).

Pha gi ht : q
= 1.2 x 83 x 0.884 x 0.6 x 0.8= 42.26 (daN/m).

XC DNH NI LC.
S dng phn mn Sap 2000 dng m hnh khung khng gian, vi cc dm np v
dm y nh trnh by phn trn, ct chn tit din C400x400 chiu cao ct tnh

t y dm y (DD1 v DD2 300x700) l 1.5m, chiu cao thng thy khi thi cng
h nc.
M hnh.

M hnh khung h nc mi

Ti trng tc dng ln dm np daN/m Ti trng tc dng ln dm y daN/m
Ni lc.


Moment dm np Tm Moment dm y Tm

Lc ct dm np T Lc ct dm y T
So snh vi 1 s phng n tnh ton h dm np v dm y khc :
Nu tch ring h dm y v dm np v tnh ton c lp tng h nh hai s
sau : S tnh v ni lc dm np :


S tnh v ni lc dm y :

Bng kt qu ni lc ca dm y v dm np so sanh vi cch gii ban u :
K hiu
Gi tr moment (Tm)
Cch tnh ton khung
Gi tr moment (Tm)
Cch tnh tch ri
DN1
M
nh
3.83 M
nh

4.64
M
g
5.14 M
g

4.17
DN2
M
nh
3.66 M
nh

5.00
M
g
4.80 M
g

0.86
DN3
M
nh
4.77 M
nh

5.03
M
g
1.11 M
g

4.34
DN4
M
nh
4.73 M
nh

4.88
M
g
0.96 M
g

0.71

K hiu
Gi tr moment (Tm)
Cch tnh ton khung
Gi tr moment (Tm)
Cch tnh tch ri
DD1
M
nh
30.83 M
nh

35.54
M
g
25.34 M
g

20.22
DD2
M
nh
28.65 M
nh

33.11
M
g
22.70 M
g

17.88
DD3
M
nh
21.17 M
nh

22.20
M
g
12.10 M
g

11.20
DD4
M
nh
23.29 M
nh

24.09
M
g
11.57 M
g

10.63

g) SO SNH VI CCH TNH XEM XT N S LM VIC NG
THI CA CC THANH V TM
Vi bi ton trn, ngoi phng php tch ri tng b phn tnh ton ring bit
nh trnh by phn l thuyt, vi s h tr t cc phn mm tnh ton da vo
phng php phn t hu hn, h nc c th c phn tch ni lc ca trn c
s xem xt s lm vic ng thi ca tt c cc b phn h nc theo cch trnh
by di y.
Khi tnh ton h nc trong iu kin tt c cc cu kin thanh v bn lm vic
ng thi trn mt s tnh ton khng gian, s phn phi ni lc c kh nhiu
khc bit so vi vic tnh ton bng cc s tnh c lp. Ni lc trong cc dm
nh dm np, dm y s rt nh do c bn thnh chu un trong mt phng ( Bn
thnh lc ny ang lm vic nh l mt dm mng v cao).Bn cnh , do c s
lin lc gia bn thnh, bn np v bn y, s phn b ni lc c s lm vic
ng thi gia nhng bn vi nhau, bn thnh c ni lc kh nh so vi cc
phng php trc.
Bn cnh , s lm vic v bin dng ca bn cng tng i khc so vi quan
nim tnh ton tch ri tng bn.
Ni lc v cc kt qu
K hiu
Gi tr moment (Tm)
Cch tnh ton khung
Gi tr moment (Tm)
Cch tnh tch ri
Gi tr moment (Tm)
Cch tnh xt s lm
vic ng thi vi
bn bng PP PTHH
DN1
M
nh
3.83 M
nh

4.64 1.00
M
g
5.14 M
g

4.17 0.52
DN2
M
nh
3.66 M
nh

5.00 1.03
M
g
4.80 M
g

0.86 0.52
DN3
M
nh
4.77 M
nh

5.03 0.57
M
g
1.11 M
g

4.34 1.11
DN4
M
nh
4.73 M
nh

4.88 0.51
M
g
0.96 M
g

0.71 1.02
DD1
M
nh
30.83 M
nh

35.54 3.52
M
g
25.34 M
g

20.22 4.00
DD2
M
nh
28.65 M
nh

33.11 3.50
M
g
22.70 M
g

17.88 3.72

DD3
M
nh
21.17 M
nh

22.20 3.63
M
g
12.10 M
g

11.20 0.77
DD4
M
nh
23.29 M
nh

24.09 3.41
M
g
11.57 M
g

10.63 0.73

Biu bao momen ca bn np - nhnh Max

Biu bao momen ca bn np- nhnh Min



Biu bao momen ca bn thnh- nhnh Max

Biu bao momen ca bn thnh- nhnh Min


Biu bao momen ca bn y- nhnh Max

Biu bao momen ca bn y- nhnh Min

CHNG 4 - KT CU MNG B TNG CT THP. Trang92

CHNG 4. KT CU MNG B TNG CT THP.
4.1 KHI NIM CHUNG
Mng l mt b phn kt cu va lm gi ton b ti trng tc dng trn n, va
l mt b phn trung gian truyn p lc t nh hoc cng trnh xung nn. Do
,mng va phi cng chu lc, va phi cng truyn lc.Phn
ln cc loi mng u lm bng b tng ct thp thch hp vi ti trng ca
nhng cng trnh ln (so vi mng gch trcy), ng thi c th thu hp kch
thc mng v gim c su t mng. Thng thng mng c thit k vi
b tng c cp bn B15.
4.1.1 CC LOI MNG V PHM VI P DNG.
Ty theo c tnh ca cng trnh (xy dng dn dng, cng nghip, cu ng, thy
li, cng), ty theo qui m ca cng trnh (ln hay nh), ty theo tnh cht tc dng
ca ti trng (vnh cu hay tm thi), cn c vo iu kin v phng tin thi cng
hin c a phng, khu vc xy dng cng nh cn c vo iu kin c th
quyt nh chn loi mng hoc cc gii php x l thch hp Tuy nhin, i vi
cc cng trnh nh cao tng, vic chn loi mng hoc cc gii php x l hp l
cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc na, ngoi nhng iu kin nu ln trn.
Chng hn, cn phi xt n tnh cht ca gi ng, tnh cht ng t khu vc
xy dng vi chiu cao v s lng tng nh ln hoc cn phi xt n tnh cht
xy chen cc th ln hay cng trnh ng n c ,
c bit khi chiu cao cng trnh cng ln, cc vn n nh (chng lt, chng
trt, chng nghing, chng ln khng u ,)ng vai tr rt quyt nh khi la
chn phng n mng.


Hnh 4.1 Cc loi mng
a.mng n, b. Mng bng; c. mng b ;
d. mng cc nhi; e. mng cc p;f,g. mng cc i i.
Mng n
Mng n di nh cao tng thng bng b tng ct thp, thch hp khi xy dng
cng trnh trn nn t tt vi s lng tng khng ln lm.
Mng n thng kt hp vi h thng king v c khi cn cu to thm cc
ging mng c mng lm tng cng khng gian cc kt cu v hn ch
c bin dng ( ln) khng ng u gia cc b phn ca h kt cu.
Mng bng mt phng
Trong trng hp iu kin a cht khng thun li v khi cc loi mng n p
dng khng thch hp, c th p dng mng bng mt phng t trc tip trn nn
thin nhin hoc trn nn t c gia c bng cc bin php x l thch hp
(cc trm, cc ct , cc t, cc vi, cc xi mng, ) i vi phng thng gc ,
cc mng c lin kt vi nhau bi cc h ging.

Theo kinh nghim thit k, vi cc cng trnh nh h khung c bc ct khng ln
hn 6m, p dng mng bng mt phng mi c hiu qu kinh t.
Mng bng hai phng (mng bng giao nhau)
Khi s dng mng bng mt phng khng m bo cc iu kin v kh nng chu
ti v v kh nng bin dng, khi cng ca cng trnh cha c m bo, nn
p dng loi mng bng giao nhau t trc tip trn nn thin nhin hoc trn nn
t c gia c bng cc bin php thch hp khi bc ct vt qu 12m. Tuy
nhin, s dng mng bng giao nhau s khng kinh t khi p dng cc phng n
mng khc v khi lng b tng v thp ln .
Mng bn (mng b)
Trng hp khi s dng mng bng mt phng, mng bng giao nhau khng m
bo do ti trng qu ln v iu kin a cht c th phc tp hn, c th p dng
cc loi mng bn (mng b) c sn, khng sn.
thnh ph H Ch Minh, ngoi vic p dng cc loi mng bng giao nhau
phn trn , cn p dng kh ph bin cc loi mng bn di cc nh cao tng (t 9
n 12 tng ) trong iu kin a cht cho php .
Mng hnh hp
i vi cc cng trnh c tng hm v khi s lng tng nh rt ln, lm tng
cng khng gian ca cng trnh, ngoi cc loi mng bn gii thiu phn trn,
c th p dng loai mng hnh hp. Mng hnh hp c cu to bi cc tng
vch ngang v dc bng b tng ct thp ni lin vi bn mng bn di to nn
cng tng th rt ln.
Mng cc khoan dn ng
Trong nhng nm gn y, phc v cho vn xy chen trong thnh ph , mt
s cng trnh p dng loi cc khoan dn kt hp ba thy lc phc v xy
dng cc loi nh cao tng.
Ni dung ca phng php ny nh sau: trc tin, khoan to l bng thit b khoan
gung xon c ng knh bng ng cho ca tit din cc, t s khng ly ln.

Cng c th dng phng php khoan dung dch (t c ly ln), tt nhin s
khng tt bng phng php k trn bng gung xon. Cc s c ng bng ba
thy lc su t 20 hoc n 30m tr i.
Khi , vn tc sng ca b mt do qu trnh ng l rt nh (v=0.1-0.3/sec) cho
php khng gy ra nh hng i vi cc cng trnh xung quanh.
Kt qu th nghim cc tit din 40x40cm di 36m ngoi hin trng bng
phng php khoan dn ng i vi cc cng trnh nh my ng Tu Ba Son
(TP.HCM) cho thy c th t c 120-200T. Tc sng b mt khi cc ng
su 20m khong cch 10-15m l 1-3mm/sec.
Vic s dng cc khoan dn ng kt hp vi cc p l nhng phng php gii
quyt cc cng trnh nh cao tng trong iu kin xy chen khi s lng tng cha
vt qu 15 tng.
Mng cc khoan nhi
Mng cc khoan nhi p dng c hiu qu nht khi cng trnh chu ti trng ln
trong iu kin a cht chiu su no gp cc lp t dnh (c bit cc loi
t st) trng cng hoc na cng, hoc c nn xut hin, hoc c cc hng
chng ngi vt m cc loi cc khc khng c kh nng gii quyt.
Cn c vo ng knh cc, ngi ta chia cc ra lm 2 loi: cc khoan nhi ng
knh nh khi d<80cm v ng knh ln khi d>80cm.(d=80-300cm).
Cc khoan nhi c th tin hnh m rng y bng phng php c hc hoc bng
phng php n mn to bu.
Cc loi cc khoan nhi m rng y chu lc nn v chu lc nh u rt tt.
Chiu su ca cc loi cc khoan nhi c th t ti hng trm mt. y chnh l
mt trong nhng u im ni bt cn c pht huy so vi cc gii php khc, khi
ng knh cc v chiu di cc c pht huy trit .
Bn cnh nhng u im nh khng gy ra chn ng, khng gy ra nh hng mi
trng i vi cc cng trnh chung quanh hoc c kh nng tip thu c ti trng
ln v h cc n chiu su ln,cn tn ti mt s khuyt im rt quan trng cn
c xem xt v phn tch khi la chn phng n l gi thnh kinh ph xy dng
thng rt cao v rt tn km, nu khng c trnh k thut thi cng tt.
Mng cc Barrette(Tng ngn trong t)

Mng cc Barrette l loi mng gm nhng cc c tit din hnh ch nht vi cnh
ngn t 0.6 n 1m v cnh di t 2 n 6m. Chiu di ca cc Barrette c th h
n su 50-60m, loi Barrette tit din ch nht c th chu c 600-1000 tn,
loi ch + c th chu c 1000-1800 tn, loi ch T, Y c th chu c 1600-
3000T. Tnh sc chu ti ca cc barrette, v c bn cng ging nh tnh sc chu
ti ca cc khoan nhi c tit din hnh trn. Do c th tham kho Tiu chun
thit k mng cc TCXD205-1998.
Mng cc Barrette dng c hiu qu nht khi cc cng trnh c tng hm; cng
nhiu tng hm, hiu qu p dng cng cao. Chu vi cng trnh thng c thit k
mt h tng bao ngm trong t bng b tng ct thp.Tng ny c chiu su
ging nh cc khoan nhi ph thuc vo ti trng cng trnh v s tng hm quyt
nh. Thng thng chiu su t 40-50m. Bn trong lng tng vy , c th p
dng cc cc Barrette cho cc ct khung hoc vch cng ca cc cng trnh theo
cc tit din tng ng nh nu ln trn. Loi tit din dng ph bin nht l
loi tit din ch nht (60x150cm v 60x200cm).
Bn cnh nhng u im nh c kh nng tip thu c ti trng ln (c bit l ti
trng ngang) khi s lng tng tng ln v c tng hm xut hin, bn cnh vic
m bo n nh v chng lt, chng trt, chng nghing, chng ln, chng thm
v chng ng t, cn tn ti mt s khuyt im tng t nh mng cc khoan
nhi.
Mng cc ng
Cc ng bng b tng ct thp l loi cc c tit din hp l, c tc dng gim
trng lng cc v truyn ti trng ca cng trnh xung cc lp t chu lc di
su.Cc ng c ch to trn mt t nn d kim tra cht lng cc trong qu
trnh ch to cc cng nh khi thi cng cc. Cc ng thng c ng knh d=40-
600cm v c th h su ti 50m.
i vi nh cao tng thng p dng loi cc ng c ng knh d<80cm. Ring
Vit Nam, thng ph bin p dng loi cc ng c ng knh d=55cm, cho cc
nh cao tng chiu dy thnh ng thng cu to 8-12cm, chia thnh tng on theo
chiu di cc; mi on t 3 n 9m.
+Do cc tit din hnh vnh khn nn vt liu b tng v thp t hn nhiu so vi
cc loi cc khc.
+C kh nng tip thu c ti trng ln trong iu kin a cht phc tp.
+Thi cng cc ng bng my rung chn ng nn gim c thi gian thi cng.

4.1.2 CHN T HP TNH TON V THIT K MNG.
Sau khi s dng cc phn mm tnh ton kt cu gii ni lc khung, ni lc xc
nh c ti cao trnh ngm tnh khung l gi tr ni lc tnh ton. xc nh gi
tr tiu chun ,ngi ta thng ly gi tr tnh ton chia cho h s vt ti trung bnh
n
tb
=1.15. Cc cp t hp ni lc dng tnh ton v kim tra mng nh sau:
Cp 1: Lc dc ln nht N
max
M
x
,M
y
, Q
x
,Q
y
.
Cp 2: Momen ln nht M
xmax
N ,M
y
, Q
x
,Q
y
.
Momen ln nht M
ymax
N ,M
x
, Q
x
,Q
y
.
Cp 3: Lc ct ln nht Q
xmax
N, M
x
,M
y
,Q
y
.
Lc ct ln nht Q
xmax
N, M
x
,M
y
,Q
y
.
Lu khi thit k mng di hng ct (mng bng, b,.., i mng thang my) th
mi cp ni lc trn ca cc ct phi ly ng thi trong 1 t hp (combo) tnh
khung. V d cCp 1: Lc dc ln nht N
max
M
x
,M
y
, Q
x
,Q
y
xut hin
trong t hp COMB3 th tt c cc ct trong mng phi xut kt qu t comb3.
4.1.3 M HNH NN DI CC KT CU MNG
Cc kt cu mng v nn ph bin trong cc cng trnh nh ca.
Kt cu mng trn nn n hi: mng BTCT c lp di ct ; mng bng
di tng v ct; mng b (c sn hoc khng c sn); mng hp.
Nn tip xc vi kt cu mng c m t bng cc m hnh l xo n hi
(m hnh nn Winkler) ; h s nn n hi; h s nn bin dng;
Nn n hi : nn t t nhin, nn t gia c (m ct, cc trm), nn cc
BTCT (ng ,p ,nhi);


Bng 4.1 Cc dng biu phn lc t nn ln y mng
Trong thc t tnh tan kh c th xt ht cc giai on thay i biu thc
ca phn lc y mng. Thng c hai cch chn biu phn lc nn trong tnh
ton nn mng :
- Vi mng tuyt i cng*, phn lc nn c chp nhn l phn b
tuyn tnh, ngha l phn bu vi ti tp trung t ng tm, phn b
hnh thang hoc tam gic vi ti tp trung lch tm.
- Vi mng chu un, p lc y mng thng c gi thuyt l t l vi
chuy n v thng ng y mng hay l bin dng n hi cat nn
thng c gi l nn Winkler vt nn cc trng bng h l xo
n hi.
(* ph hp vi gi thuyt mng tuyt i cng;bin dng ca mng
rt nh so vi bin dng ca t nn. i vi di mng (hoc dm mng)
ch s mnh t c xc nh theo cng thc ca Gorbunov-Poxadov :


(4.1)

trong , E, E
o
- mun n hi ca vt liu mng v mun bin dng ca t nn.
l, h: na chiu di v chiu cao ca mng.
Da vo ch s mnh c th phn Dm v Di thnh 3 loi:
Khi t < 1 Dm (Di) cng tuyt i.
Khi 1 t 10 Dm (Di) c chiu di v cng hu hn(Dm,Di ngn).
Khi t> 1 Dm (Di) mm ,(Dm, Di di).
4.1.4 CC PHNG PHP TNH NN MNG
(1)Tnh ton nn theo trng thi gii hn v bin dng (TTGH I I ): khng ch
ln ca mng v ln lch ca cc mng khng c vt qu cc gi tr gii
hn. Phng php ny tnh ton bin dng ca mng theo l thuyt t l vt
thn hi tuyn tnh. C s ca phng php da trn s pht trin vng bin dng
do trong nn nh nn t cn tun theo quy lut n hi. Ty s dng cc
kt qu l thuyt Boussinesq v c trng nn ca t tnh ln ca mng
ring l hoc ln c xt n nh hng ca cc mng ln cn , suy ln lch
gia cc mng hoc gc xoay ca mt mng.
iu kin cn i vi mng chu ti ng ng tm:

i vi mng chu ti nglch tm: ngoiiu kin trn cn cn c p
min
0. Khi
cc mng d lt iu kin ny tr thnh
(4.4)
(4.5)
Trong ,p lc ti y mng- p:
+ Chu ting tm (4.6)
Theo QPXD 45-70 (4.2)
) (
) (
0
* * 2 1
h Dc Bh Ab
k
m m
R p
Dc Bh Ab m R p
II II II II
tc
II
tc
tc tc
Theo QPXD 45-78 (4.3)
II
tc
R R p
p
p
;
25 , 0
max
max
min
3
0
2
0
2 3
0
10
) 1 ( 4
) 1 (
h
l
E
E
t
EJ
b l E
t
tc
f tb
tc
tc
R D
F
N
p

(4.7)
Da trn iu kin ny s b din tch tit din mng:
F=BxL l din tch tit din mng s b.
+ Chu ti lch tm: p lc ln nht v b nht bin y mng:
(4.8)

F- din tchy mng ; F= B x L (B,L : chiu rng v chiu di mng)
e
x
=M
y
/ N ;e
y
=M
x
/ N.
tb
= 2,2 t/m
3
, trng lng trung bnh ca b tng vt p.
D
f
- chiu su chn mng.

+Vi trng hp lch tm ln, nn t c vng bin dng do ln, Mayerhoff xem
phn lc nn phn b u vp lc trung bnh p c tnh nh sau:
(4.9)

f tb
y
x
tc
D
L
e
B
e
F
N
p
6
6
1
min
max
tc
tc
tc
R
e B L
N
p
) 2 (
f tb
D - R
N
F
tc
tc


iu kin l ln tnh c, phi tha mn cc iu kin sau:
(4.10)
(4.11)
(4.12)
Trong : S v S
gh
- ln v ln gii hn;
S v S
gh
- ln lch v ln lch gii hn;
i v i
gh
- gc xoay v gc xoay gii hn;
Tnh ln ca nn t tin hnh vi phng php tng phn t vp dng cc dng
cng thc sau:
(4.13)
(4.14)

(4.15)
(4.16)
gh
gh
gh
i i
S S
S S
i
i
i
i i
n
i
i
i
i i
n
i
i
n
i
i
i i
n
i
i
h p
E
p
S
h p a S
e
e e
s S
1
2
1
1
2
0
0
1
1
2 1


Hnh 4.3 S xc nh hnh nn ln di y mng
Lu khi c MNN phi xt y ni,vng nn ln dy hn.
i vi mng c b rng B>10m, tnh ln trung bnh theo QP45-78 v
SNIP 15-74 nh sau:
(4.17)

Chiu dy tnh ln H
tt
khi mng c chiu rng hoc ng kn ln hn 10m v
mun bin dng E 10MPa .
(4.18)
Nn t st H
0
= 9m v t=0,15; b- b rng mng
Nn t ct H
0
= 6m v t=0,1;
(2)Tnh ton nn theo trng thi gii hn v cng (TTGH I)
i vi t nn khng bin dng nh l t cng hoc l , cng nh cng trnh
chu ti ch yu l ti ngang th ln ca nn khng gi vai tr quyt nh sn
nh ca cng trnh, chnh s trt ngang ca mng hoc s ph v kt cu nn t
b t H H
tt
.
0
n
i i
i i
E
k k
pbM S
1
1

s dn n h hi cng trnh.Vi loi cng trnh ny, chng ta thng tnh ton theo
TTGH I; khng ch kh nng trt , lt ca mng v khng cho nn ph hoi ct.

k
t
- h s an ton chng trt;
k
l
- h s an ton chng lt;
k
cp
- h s an ton cho php;
C c h s an ton k , FS ty theo quy nh ca TCXD v loi cng trnh.
4.2 CC PHNG PHP THC HNH XC NH H S NN.
M hnh nn Winkler:
Trong phng php tnh ton mng chu un c
xt n ng x thc cat nn. t nn c
tng ng vi mt h v s l xo n hi
tuyn tnh. Hng sn hi ca h cc l xo
c gi lh s phn lc nn, k.
(4.19)

Khi tnh ton nn mng cng trnh trn nn n hi, c trng ca nn t c
thay th bng h s nn; l tm mi tng quan gia ng sut (phn lc) v chuyn
v (ln) ca nn t di kt cu mng.
H s nn k khng l hng s m n thay i theo nhiu thng s nh : loi t, b
rng, chiu di, chiu su chn mng B, L, D
f
.
Nm 1955, Terzaghi cc kt qu nghin cu v h s nn tiu chun (bn nn kch
thc 0,3mx0,3m).
FS
p
p
ult
tt
2 1
1 2
s s S
k

Bng h s nn tiu chun Terzaghi
Loit Trng thi k
0,3
(MN/m
3
)

Ct kh
hoc m
Ri 8-25
Cht TB 25-125
Cht 125-375
Ct bo ha

Ri 10-15
Cht TB 35-40
Cht 130-150

St
Do (q
u
=100-200kPa) 12-25
Docng(q
u
=200-400kPa) 25-50
Cng (q
u
>400kPa) >50
Vi q
u
l sc chu nn mt trc cat nn
Scott(1981) ngh cng thc tng quan xc nh k
0.3
t kt qu xuyn ng SPT
cho t ct l k
0.3
(MN/m
3
)=1,8N
Dng cng thc chuyn i sau cho mng vung kch thc B(m)x B(m)
Trn nn ct (4.20)

Trn nn st (4.21)
Mng ch nht kch thc BxL (m), h s nn c chuyn i theo cng thc sau:
(4.22)

Cng thc Vesic xc nh h s nn i vi mng bng
(4.23)

EI - cng chng un ca mng
Cc phng php thc hnh xc nh h s nn
(1) Xc nh h s nn thng qua th nghim hin trng bng bn nn.
ed Phng php th nghim theo TCXDVN80-2002, dng bn nn c kch
thc(1x1)m, cht ti theo tng cp (khng t hn 5 cp), v cp ti u tin
phi bng p lc t nhin ca t nn. Tin hnh o ln n khi s gia ln
0.3
0.3
k k
B
2
12
4
- 1
65 , 0 k
B
E
EI
B E
s s
2
0.3
0.3
k
2
B
k
B
( )
1
k
1.5
BxB
B
k
L

khng ln hn 0,1mm sau mt khong thi gian n nh quy c t. Tm quan
h gia ng xut gy ln v ln.
H s nn (4.24)

min
- ng sut gy ln trong giai onn hi, ng vi 1/4 - 1/5 ln cho
php [daN/cm
2
].
S
min
- ln trong giai onn hi ng vi gi tr
min
(cm)

(2) Xc nh h s nn thng qua cc s liu kho st a cht.
xc nh c k, cn tnh gi tr ln di kt cu mng theo cc tiu
chun hin hnh. Khi c gi trp lc di kt cu mng v ln tng ng
, c th d dng xc nh c h s nn theo cng thc nu trn.
Trong mc 4.1.4 trnh by cng thc xc nh p, ln S
Lu : V cc mu t th nghim trong phng khng cn nguyn vn nh
trong lng t , trong Bo co kho st a cht cng trnh c nu cc gi
trmun bin dng E ca t nn, nn khi thit k c thiu chnh cc gi
tr E bng cch nhn cc gi tr theo th nghim vi cc h s trong bng sau:
Bng gi tr h s hiu chnh m
k
(TCXD 45-78).
Loi
t
Tr s ca h s m
k
khi h s rng e bng
0,45 0,55 0,65 0,75 0,85 0,95 1,05
ct
4 4 3,5 3 2
st
5 5 4,5 4 3 2,5 2
St
6 6 5,5 5,5 4,5
Cc gi tr trong bng ch c s dng cho cc loi t dnh c st
I
s
=B0,75 (t do cng). i vi t ct v t do mm n mm th
khng s dng h s hiu chnh m
k
cho mun bin dng tnh t th nghim
nn trong phng.
(3)Phng php xc nh h s nn bng cch tra bng.
Phng php ny c gi tr h s nn k dao ng trong phm vi kh ln, kh m
bo chnh xc, nn ch dng tham kho v i chiu cc phng php trn.
4.3 CNG L XO KHI DNG PHN MM TNH TON MNG
min
min
S
k

Trong m hnh tnh ton kt cu trn nn n hi, nn Winkler c m phng
bng cc l xo n hi vi cng K t ti nt hoc h s nn c (nu trong th vi
n ca chng trnh cho khai bo) . Khi tnh ton kt cu trn nn n hi bng cc
phn mm trn my vi tnh, phi tin hnh xc nh cng l xo.
4.3.1 L XO DI MNG BNG
cng l xo K (KN/m) ly bng:
K= k.B.x (4.25)
Trong :
k - h s nn (kN/m
3
).
B- chiu rng mng bng (m).
x- khong cch trung bnh gia hai nt t l xo k cn (m).
S tnh mng bng ,dm trn nn n hi

4.3.2 L XO DI MNG BN (MNG B).
+ Khi phn chia ton b kt cu mng thnh cc phn t tnh ton bng
cc chng trnh da trn phng php phn t hu hn, cn chia thnh cc
li vung (ch nht) vi kch thc nh c th xem xt tri ph n t
ng thi ni lc cc vng c bit.
+ i vi mng b c sn, cn lu phn chia li ca hai lai phn t ph
i hp ny (sn mng v bn mng) c cc v tr nt trng nhau trn mt ph
ng OXY.
cng l xo K (kN/m) ly bng:
K= kF= k.x.y (4.26)
Trong :
k - h s nn (kN/m
3
).
y- chiu rng phn t (ch nht) mng bn (m).
x- chiu di phn t mng bn (m).


Sau khi gn gi tr cng l xo, chng ta nhp gi tr ni lc chn ct t kt qu
tnh khung (N, Q, M) vo m hnh tnh mng. Nh trnh by trn, ni lc gn
vo ct phi c xut t cng mt combo gy bt li cho mng nht (thng l t
hp c lc N ln nht).

4.3.3 L XO M HNH THAY TH CHO CC (MNG THANG MY)
Khi mng trn nn cc, phi phn chia thnh thnh cc li sao cho nt li phn
t trng vi v tr ca cc.
cng l xo K (kN/m) ly bng:
(4.27)
Trong P l kh nng chu lc ca cc.
S- ln cc ng vi gi tr P .
S
P
K

Da trn kt qu nn tnh cc ti hin trng theo TCXD 88-1982, xem xt
biu mi quan h P-S xc nh cng l xo, vi P ti trng th cc
ng vi giai onn hi(KN)v S(m) l chuyn vu cc ngvi gi tr P.

X c nh sc chu ti ca cc P, ln cc thng qua cc s liu kho st
a cht.Tnh theo tiu chun thit k mng cc TCXD205-1998)
4.4 KIM TRA XUYN THNG:
Hin tng nn thng t do: khi ni cha y ln ca thp khng b hn ch,
cc mt bn ca thp c pht trin t do v thng to ra gc nghing
=450

(4.28)

0
h U R F P
m bt t b xt


Mng n:
Mng n di ct c kch thc 1,5 x 2m; chiu dy h= 500mm;
h
o
= 430mm; btng B20; R
bt
= 0,9MPa. Lc nn tnh ton chn ct
N=650 kN.
Kch thc tit din ct b
c
xh
c
= 250 x 400mm. Kim tra kh nng
chng xuyn thng.

Chu vi y b ca thp U
1
= 2 (b
c
+h
c
)= 1300mm.
= 2 (250+400)= 1300mm.
Chu vi y ln ca thp U
2
= 2[ (b
c
+2h
o
)+(h
c
+2h
o
)]
= 2[ (250+2x430)+(400+2x430)]= 4740mm.
U
m
= 0,5(U
1
+U
2
)=0,5(1300+4740)=3020mm
Din tch y ln:
A
t
= (b
c
+2h
o
)x(h
c
+2h
o
)=
= (0,25+2.0,43)x (0,4+2.0,43)= 1,4m
2

p lc trung bnh mt di mng do N gy ra ( khng k trng
lng bn thn mng v t).

2
/ 216
2 5 , 1
650
m kN
x A
N
q
m

Lc tc dng vo thp nn thng:
kN x qA N P
t xt
348 4 , 1 216 650

Kh nng chng nn thng:

iu kin bn c tha mn.
Hin tng nn thng khng hon ton: hin tng xy ra vi hnh thp
ch c hai hoc ba mt. l trng hp nn thng khi lc tp trung N t
gc bn, hoc mp bn. Tnh ton cc trng hp ny vn tin hnh
theo iu kin xuyn thng hon ton, nhng vi chu vi trung bnh U
m
ca
hai mt hoc 3 mt thp.
) ( 4
2
) 2 ( 4 4
0
0
0
h c
h c c
U
h U R F P
m
m bt t b xt
kN N h U R F kN P
m bt t b xt
1169 1168740 430 . 3020 . 9 , 0 . 1 348
0

Mt trng hp khc ca nn thng khng hon ton l trong mng
n di ct khi mng c b rng B kh b so vi chiu di A
(hnh 4.3). Lc ny thp nn thng ch xy ra theo hai mt bn. Tnh
ton trng hp ny tin hnh theo cch tnh ton v chu ct theo tit
din nghing.
Hin tng nn thng hn ch: thp nn thng ch c th xy ra trong
phm vi b chn vi gc nghing ca mt bn kia
1
> 45
o
, thng xy ra
i vi bn mng cc.

(4.29)
(4.30)

4.5 TNH TON CT THP CHO MNG.
4.5.1 MNG N
Xem mt cnh ct nh l mt ngm, momen tc ng ln mt ny l:
M
I-I
= p
tt
.L.0,5(B-h). 0,5(B-h) (4.31)
= 0,125 p
tt
L (B-h)
2

Din tch ct thp cn thit :
(4.32)
Chn thp chu lc cho mng vi 10 v khong cch 70a200
5 , 2 & 1
1
0
1
1 0
tg
C
h
tg
tg h U R F N
t
m bt t b t
0 s
I
s
h R
M
= A


4.5.2 MNG BNG
Sau khi s dng phn mm tnh ton ni lc trong mng bng theo s dm trn
nn n hi, diy l hnh dng biu momen ,lc ct trong sn mng bng.

T biu M,Q tnh ton ct thp theo cu kin chu un tit din ch nht ng vi
momen cng th min di, tit din ch T khi momen cng th min trn (cnh
nm pha di).


4.5.3 I MNG CC.
i mng n : Xem mt ngm l mt ct, tnh theo s 1 u ngm, 1
u t do. Ti trng tc dng chnh l phn lc cc cc theo phaang xt(
xem hnh v). T tnh ct thp cho i theo bi ton CKCU, lu l
h
0
=h-a vi a c tri phn cc chn vo i 10cm.

(4.33)

S tnh ton ni lc i
max
0 max
max
min
2 2
1 1
c c
tt tt
y
d x
n n
c
i i
i i
M x
N N M y
p
n
y y


i vi i cc c chiu cao h>1,5m(trng thi ng sut khi);thp y
i tnh theo lc ct T.

trong P- Ti trng thng ng t ct truyn xung mng.
Gc thng dng 50
o
< <54
o

i vi i mng 3 cc :

- gc to bi ng ni gia tim chn ct ti nh i n tim u cc y i vi
mt phng.

(4.35)

s
s
R
T
A
g P T
&
cot 5 , 0
o
i
s
s
h
X
g
R
T
A
g P
T
cot
&
3
cot
(4.34)

i mng i:

Trong trng hp ny, chng ta c th s dng m hnh nn n hi cho i mng,
l xo c gn ti mi tim cc.
4.6 H GING MNG.
Vi nhng nh xy chen, lch tm rt ln (mng chn vt). Cc mng ,i cc
thng c ni vi nhau bng h ging. H ging ny c tc dng truyn lc
ngang t i ny sang i khc, gp phn iu chnh ln lch gia cc i nm cnh
nhau, chu mt phn momen t ct xung, iu chnh nhng sai lch do ng cc
khng thng gy ra v v .
Kch thc tit din ging thng cn c vo quy m cng trnh, khong cch gia
2 i v ti trng thng ng (nu c) tc dng ln ging.
Khi tnh ton, coi i l cng v cng ng thi c th b qua chuyn v theo
phng ngang(phng dc theo trc ca ging)nhng phi k n chuyn v theo
phng thng ng tc l phi xt n ln ca cc. Ging s phi lm vic nng
n khi chng ln gia hai i ln cn l ln. Khi i b xoay ln ca cc cc
khng ging nhau,c th cn c vo biu quan h gia lc nn v ln nhn
c do nn th ti tnh cc. n ginxem phn lc nn c dng tuyn tnh,
tng phn lc nn t cch trc ct mt on e.

Mng chn vt : biu thc xc nh lch tm e da trn li gii bi ton phng
trnh cn bng xoay quanh B c dng
H h = Ne ; c 2 n H v e, gii bi ton cn c thm phng trnh ph theo bin
dng, y khng trnh by cch gii , cha ra biu thc xc nh e t bi ton
trn.
(4.36)

EI
h kLB
e
36
1
cot
3

S tnh ging i cc



CHNG 5 - KT CU MI B TNG CT THP Trang118

CHNG 5. KT CU MI B TNG CT THP
5.1 KHI NIM CHUNG V PHN LOI
Kt cu mi c th c phn loi nh sau:
- Theo hnh dng: mi phng v mi v khng gian.

Mi phng

Mi v khng gian Mi v khng gian
Hnh 5.1

- Theo dc i ca mi: mi bng khi i 1/8, mi dc khi i>1/8.
- Theo phng php thi cng: mi ton khi, mi lp ghp.
5.1.1 MI TON KHI
u im: kh nng chng thm cao v to nn mt cng khng gian ln cho
cng trnh.
Mi ton khi l mt h bn c sn hoc khng sn, c chiu dy ti thiu
50mm.
- Bn mi c th lm vic theo bn loi dm hoc bn k bn cnh ph thuc
t l cc cnh ca bn v tnh ton tng t nh h bn sn lin khi.
- Pha trn mi c cc lp cch nhit dy trung bnh 100 150 mm, va chng
thm dy 15 20 mm v hai lp gch l men.
5.1.2 MI LP GHP
V mt cu to: c th chia ra mi c x g v mi khng c x g.
Cc lp cu to c th gm c gch l nem, b tng chng thm, lp cch nhit v
bn mi l cc panen mi. i vi mi nh cng nghip, panen thng c kch
thc 6 x 1.5 m v 6 x 3 m
5.2 CC THNH PHN CA H KT CU MI LP GHP
H kt cu mi lp ghp:gm panen mi, x g, dm mi, vm, dn mi.
Ngoi nhng kt cu ch yu trn, trong cc nh cng nghip mt tng, p ng
yu cu cng ngh, li ct bn trong c th t tha hn vi bc ct l 12 m,
18 m, cn cc hng ct bin vn gi l 6 m. Nu panen mi l loi di 6 m, th phi
c kt cu dn mi vi nhp l 12 m hoc 18 m.
5.2.1 PANEN MI
a) Phn loi
Thng s dng ph bin loi panen mi 6 x 1.5 m. Ngoi ra cn s dng nhng
panen mi c kch thc ln hn nh 6 x 3 m, 12 x 1.5 m v 12 x 3 m.

b) Cu to
Panen mi 6 x 1.5 m

Hnh 5.2
Kt cu panen gm: c bn mt ta ln cc sn ngang (sn ph) v hai sn dc
(sn chnh).
- Chiu dy bn mt t 30 35 mm.
- Chiu cao sn ph l 140 mm, chiu cao sn chnh l 300 mm.
B tng mc 200 n 300. Ct thp trong sn dc c th dng nhm CII, CIII. S
dng ct thp ng lc trc hiu qu kinh t k thut s cao hn.
Nu dng ct thp ng lc trc trong sn chnh ngi ta thng dng thp nhm
A IIIB hoc thp nhm A IV.
Chi ph b tng trung bnh cho mt panen l 0.57m
3
, trng lng trung bnh l 1.4T.
Trng lng 1m
2
panen vo khong 190kG (k c phn b tng chn khe h).
Panen mi 6 x 3 m
u im so vi panen 6 x 1.5m:
- Gim s lng panen xung hai ln.
- Truyn trc tip ti trng t panen vo mt dn thng qua sn dc nn
trnh c hin tng un cc b cho dn mi.
- Gim c 17% chi ph b tng so vi loi panen 6 x 1.5 m.
- Trng lng 1m
2
panen (k c b tng chn k) l 170kG.
Sn dc ca panen cao 300 mm.
Chi ph b tng cho mt panen l 0.95m
3
tng ng trng lng 2.4T. Thng
dng b tng mc 200 300.
5970
1
4
9
0
95 3
0
65
1
4
0
3
0
0
15 95
1490
65
9
0
1
9
5
15

Panen 12 x 1.5 m
- Panen c hai sn dc cao 450mm v cc sn ngang cch nhau gn 1m v
cao 250mm.
- Trng lng 1m
2
panen (k c b tng chn) khong 320kG.
- Thng dng lp cc khong trng bn cnh ca mi hoc lp ca mi.
Ngoi ra cn dng lp vo nhng sn c hot ti 900 1300 kG/m
2
.
- Thp dc ca panen l thp thanh, thp si cng cao hoc cp, ng lc
trc. B tng mc 400 500.
Panen 12 x 3 m
- B tng v ct thp ging nh panen 12 x 1.5m.
- So vi panen 12 x 1.5m, loi panen ny c chi ph b tng t hn 30% (k c
b tng chn khe).
Mt s loi panen mi khc
Ngoi cc panen phng c sn bng BTCT nh trn, cn dng mt s loi panen
mi khc.
Panen bng b tng xp c kch thc 6 x 1.5 m v 6 x 3 m.
- Bn mt bng b tng nh dy 100 200 mm, sn lm bng b tng nng.
- Panen va ng vai tr chu lc va cch nhit.
Cc loi panen hp.
- L cc loi panen nh hnh c kch thc danh nh nh sau: rng 450 mm,
600 mm v 1200 mm; di 3000 mm, 3300 mm, 3600 mm, 3900 mm v 4200
mm (4500 mm), cao 200 mm.
- Loi panen rng 600 mm c mt l rng, bn mt panen dy 35 mm, bn y
panen dy 25 mm, cc sn dc trung bnh dy 50 mm.
Panen ch T 12 x 3 m
Hai sn dc cch nhau 1.5 m cao 400 mm, khng c sn ngang. Sn dc c th
lin khi vi bn mt.

B tng mc 600, ct thp ng lc trc l thp thanh, thp si cng cao hoc
cp.
u im:
- Vng nn ca b tng c m rng, do gim c chiu cao sn.
- Momen theo phng ngang nh nn khng cn sn ngang.
- Ch to thun tin.
Nhc im:
- vng ca cc dm panen khc nhau nn vic ni bn mt ca cc tm
cnh nhau gp nhiu kh khn v lm cho mi khng phng.
- Sn panen khng t ng vo mt dn, do cnh thng ca dn b un
cc b.
Thng ch dng cho nhng nh cng nghip khng c ca mi.
Panen bn cong
Nhp panen thng l 6 m, 9 m, 12 m ; chiu rng panen l 1.5 m hoc 3 m c
ch to vi thp ng lc trc theo c hai phng: dc v ngang.
Bn mt dy 30 mm, hai sn dc c tit din thay i theo hnh panen.
Chu lc hp l nhng ch to phc tp, i hi cc thit b cng c bit.
Panen mi bng xi mng li thp
u im:
- Nh, t tn vt liu, chng thm tt
- Panen c th phng, cong mt chiu hoc hai chiu, ln sng, gp khc
- Tit din ngang kh a dng.
c) c im tnh ton panen mi
Chiu di thit k ca panen mi: l=a - 30 mm. Trong : a l khong cch danh
ngha gia hai trc ca hai x ngang panen mi, 30 mm l khe h tiu chun ca
panen.

Nhp tnh ton ca panen mi:
'
0 c
l =l - 0.5b vi b
c
l chiu rng cnh thng ca x
ngang (dm hoc dn). C th ly
0
l =5.8 mcho panen 6 m v
0
l =11.7 mcho panen
12 m.
Theo phng dc, panen lm vic nh mt dm n gin c tit din ch T c cnh
trong vng chu nn.
- i vi panen c sn ngang, khi khong cch gia hai sn ngang khng
vt qu khong cch gia hai sn dc th chiu rng tnh ton ca cnh
ch T ly bng chiu rng b
c
ca panen.
- Nu khng c sn ngang hoc khong cch gia hai sn ngang ln hn
khong cch gia hai sn dc th chiu rng tnh ton ca cnh ch T ly
theo quy nh i vi ch T c lp.
Panen phi c tnh theo cng , bin dng v hnh thnh khe nt. Khi tnh ton
sn ngang c th k n mt phn hiu ng ngm ca sn dc i vi n.
5.2.2 X G
L mt loi dm chu un xin t cch nhau t 1 3 m ty theo kch thc ca tm
lp. X g gc ln x ngang ca khung c chiu di bng khong cch gia hai x
ngang.
Tit din ch T hoc ch U.
X g lin kt bu lng vi thp gc c hn vo x ngang. Thp gc ny va
nh v cho x g va chu trt dc theo phng nghing.
tng kh nng chu lc cho x g, ni chng vi nhau bng nhng thanh cng
t gia nhp, bn bng c cha sn l 20 lun thanh cng qua.
X g c tnh ton nh mt dm n gin chu un xin.
5.2.3 DM MI
a) Cu to
Dm mi l kt cu mi, thng l x ngang ca khung hoc dm c lp gc ln
tng hoc tr.

Thch hp vi nhp 18 m. Nu dng dm mi ng lc trc c th vt nhp 24
m.
Dm mi c th c hai mi dc hoc mt mi dc.
dc ca mi l 1/8, 1/10 hoc 1/12 ph thuc vo nhu cu thot nc ma.
Tit din: tit din ch T, I.
- Chiu cao gia dm thng ly bng
1 1
10 15
l , chiu cao u dm ly
bng
1 1
20 35
l , l l nhp ca dm. Thng ly chiu cao u dm l 800
mm.
- Vi dm c chiu cao ln:
Bn bng thng c khot l, l c th l hnh trn hoc a gic;
Khng khot l khu vc gi ta v ch c lc tp trung.
- Chiu dy bn bng:
80 mm nu b tng theo phng thng ng;
60 mm nu b tng theo phng ngang;
90 mmnu dm c ct thp ng lc trc.
- Chiu rng cnh chu nn:
'
1 1
50 60
c
b l , l l nhp dm, thng ly
'
200 400
c
b mm.
- Chiu rng cnh h b
c
c th nh hn b
c
, thng ly 200 250
c
b mm hoc
ln hn.
- u dm:bn bng c m rng chu phn lc gi ta v m bo lin
kt u dm vi u ct, thng ly bng b rng cnh h.


Hnh 5.3
- Ct thp dc: l ct thp thng hoc ct thp ng lc trc.
- Ct thp dc thng c hn chng ln nhau, cc mi hn cch nhau
khong 1m. gi ta c th ct bt mt s ct thp dc chu ko.
- u dm v sn dm: phi c khung ct thp t ng, ct ai dng ch
u bao ly ct chu ko.
- Bn bng mng phi t li thp bng cc thanh dc v ct ai. Ct ai xc
nh theo lc ct cn ct dc dng 6 8 v khong cch ly theo yu cu
cu to ti thiu.
- Mc b tng 200 300, thp dc chu ko dng nhm CII, CIII.
- Dm c nhp >15 m phi t ct thp ng lc trc trnh c cc vt nt
ng k xut hin trong dm.B tng mc 300 500, ct thp nhm AIII,
AIV, thp si cng cao, cp
u dm phi c cc chi tit thp bn t sn lin kt dm vi u ct, trn
cnh thng phi c cc bn m lin kt vi panen mi.
Cc l bn bng phi c gia c trnh vt nt do tp trung ng sut.
- Cc gc l phi c vut trn, lng ct thp gia c quanh l bng tng
din tch ct thp khi khng c l.
Cc dm c chiu cao ln hoc chu ti trng tp trung ln: cn cu to thm cc
sn ng cch nhau khong 3m nhm lm n nh cho bn bng.

Dm mi c th ch to c cu kin hoc thnh tng khi ri khuch i bng cng
ct thp ng lc trc.
C th ch to dm mi vi ct thp ngang c ng lc trc bng phng php
cng lin tc tng cng kh nng chng vt nt xin. Ct thp ngang c cng
trn cc cht c nh vo khun thp, khi b tng t cng quy nh th rt cht
bung ct thp.
C th ch to dm mi bng phng php cng sau. Phng php ny i hi
phng tin v thit b phc tp nn ch c dng trong cc iu kin bt buc.
b) c im tnh ton dm hai mi dc
S tnh: dm n gin k t do trn hai gi ta.
Nhp tnh ton:
0
300 l l mm, trong l l nhp nh.
Ti trng tc dng:
- Tnh ti: trng lng bn thn dm mi, trng lng cc lp cu to mi.

Hnh 5.4
- Hot ti: ti trng sa cha trn mi v ti trng ca cu trc treo.
- Ngoi trng lng bn thn dm mi cn c ti trng khc truyn ln dm
mi di dng ti trng tp trung thng qua cc sn panen. Nu trn dm
mi c t 5 ti trng tp trung tr ln th ta c th thay ti tp trung bng
ti trng phn b u.
- Ti trng do ca mi v ti trng do cu trc vn l nhng ti trng tp trung.
Tit din nguy him (tit din cn A
s
ln nht):
- Trng hp tng qut:cch gi ta mt on 0.35 0.4 x l , l l nhp nh.

- Trng hp nh c ca mi th tit din nguy him c th di chn ca
mi.
Khi tnh ton ct ai trong dm mi:
- Trng hp 1: Dm c mp chu ko nm nghing
Tnh ton dm nh i vi dm c chiu cao khng i v ly h
0
= h
01
ti
tit din gi ta (gi tr b nht ca h
0
).
.
0.75 0.75 sin sin
b sw sw s inc s s
Q Q q c R A A
(5.1)

Trong :
2
0
min 0 0 max
0 0
1.5
0.5 2.5
3 0.6
bt
b bt b bt b
R bh
Q R bh Q R bh Q
c
h c h
(5.2)

Q lc ct trn tit din nghing c chiu di hnh chiu trn trc cu kin
l c, c tnh t tt c cc lc t mt pha ca tit din nghing;
R
bt
- cng chu ko tnh ton ca b tng;
R
sw
- cng tnh ton ca ct ai v ct xin;

Hnh 5.5
(5.3)
A
sw
din tch tit din ngang ca cc nhnh ct ai trn mt tit din
ngang ca dm;
s khong cch gia cc ct ai;
Qb
Nb
a
RswAs.inc
RswAsw2
RswAsw1
A
h
O
1
ssAs
Z
Zsw1
Zsw2
Z
s
.
i
n
c
s s

A
s.inc
- din tch tit din ngang ca mt lp ct xin;
- gc nghing ca ct xin vi ng nm ngang
- gc nghing ca cnh h vi ng nm ngang;
s
- ng sut ko trong ct thp A
s
c xc nh t phng trnh:
. .
0.75 0.75
sin
sw sw sw sw s inc s inc
s s
M R A Z R A Z
A tg
Z
(5.4)

y: M v Z momen un tnh ton v cnh tay n ca ni ngu lc ti
tit din vung gc vi cnh chu nn i qua im cui tit din nghing.
- Trng hp 2 : Dm c mp chu nn nm nghing
Ly h
0
= h
02
ti tit din thng gc i qua im cui ca tit din nghing
.
0.75 0.75 sin
b sw sw s inc c
Q Q q c R A Dtg
(5.5)

Trong :
c
D tg - hnh chiu trn phng ng ca phn hp lc trong vng
nn do cnh tit din chu, i vi tit din ch nht 0
c
D tg .
Gi tr ca D
c
c xc nh theo tit din thng ng i qua im cui ca
tit din nghing nm trong vng nn

'
'
c
c
c
b b
D D
b
(5.6)

Hnh 5.6
A
Nb-Dc
ssAs
RswAsw2
RswAsw1
Qb
RswAs.inc
Zsw2
Z
s
.
in
c
Zh
O
2

Trong :
b
c
- b rng ca cnh chu nn (ch T hoc I)

b - b rng ca sn
Gi tr ca D
c
khng c ln hn
' '
c c n
h b b R vi h
c
l b rng ca cnh
ch T.
Gi tr ca D c xc nh theo momen un i qua im cui ca tit din
nghing nh biu thc
. .
. '
0
0.75
0.75 sin
0.5
sw sw sw s inc s inc
sw s inc
c
M R A Z A Z
D R A
h h
(5.7)

Trong : Z
sw
, Z
s.inc
- khong cch t trng tm ca vng nn n ct ai v
ct xin tng ng.
- Khi xc nh vng ca dm c tit din thay i thng s dng phng
php ti trng o: vng ca mt dm ti mt tit din no chnh l
momen ti tit din ca dm o tng ng do ti trng o
M
EJ
gy ra.
y EJ c thay bng cng B ca b tng ct thp.
5.2.4 DN MI
a) Cu to chung
Dn b tng ct thp (BTCT) l kt cu mi, lun c lin kt khp vi ct.
- Thch hp vi nhp 1830m. So vi dm mi BTCT nhp 18m th dn nh
hn.
- V mt ch to v dng lp:dn phc tp hn nhiu so vi dm.
- Thng dn BTCT c chiu cao ln do lm tng vt liu bao che ca nh.
- So vi dn thp, dn BTCT c bn v thi gian cao hn v c kh nng
chng chy, chng g cao hn so vi dn thp, bo dng cng n gin hn
dn thp.
Thng dng cc loi dn BTCT sau:

- Dn hnh thang c thanh xin gi hng ln: Ch to n gin, c dng
nhiu trong xy dng cng nghip v dn dng.

Hnh 5.7Dn hnh thang c thanh xin gi hng xung:
Lm vic gn ging dn trn nhng n n nh hn (khi lp ghp v
s dng) v trng tm ca dn ny nm thp hn gi ta.
Ct thp ng lc trc trong thanh cnh h khng thng do vy gy
hao tn ng sut kh ln.

Hnh 5.8Dn c thanh cnh thng gy khc:
Loi dn ny c hnh dng hp l v mt chu ti trng phn b u.
Ni lc ti trng phn b gy ra trong cc thanh cnh thng v cc
thanh cnh h thng i u nhau t gi ta v gia nhp.

Hnh 5.9
Ni lc trong cc thanh xin b, chiu cao u dn nh, nn gim
c vt liu bao che quanh nh.
- Dn vng cung: Loi ny c y u im ca loi dn c cnh thng
gy khc. Tuy nhin ch to loi dn ny phc tp hn.

Hnh 5.10

- Dn tam gic: Loi ny thch hp vi nhng li nh lp tn hoc phibr
ximng. Thc t xy dng rt t gp loi dn BTCT ny.

Hnh 5.11
d vn chuyn, ngi ta c th chia dn thnh cc thnh cc phn nh. Kch
thc ca mi dn ph thuc vo kh nng vn chuyn v ch chia ra khi iu kin
bt buc m thi. Vic khuch i dn c thc hin bng cc chi tit t sn,
cng ct thp ng lc trc hoc b tng bt dn ti hin trng.
Kch thc dn:
- Chiu cao gia nhp dn: thng ly bng
1 1
7 9
nhp v ph thuc vo
cng , cng v cc yu cu v thit b k thut.
- Khong cch gia hai mt dn trn cnh thng thng ly l 3m. Khong
cch gia hai mt dn cch h l 6m. Nu c cu trc treo th phi b tr vo
mt dn.
- Chiu rng thanh cch thng:Ph thuc vo iu kin n nh khi lm vic,
khi chuyn ch cu lp.
Phi kim tra thanh cnh thng khi lt t v tr nm ngang lc ch
to ln t th thng ng.
Chiu rng cch thng cn phi ph thuc vo chiu su gi ta ca
panen mi: panen di 6m th on gi ti thiu l 80mm, panen di
12m l 100 mm.
nh hnh ha vn khun,ly chiu rng cch thng ca dn c
nhp c 1830 m khi bc ct 6 m l 240 mm. i vi dn c bc
12 m l 280 mm hoc 300 mm.


Bng 5.1 Chiu rng ti thiu cnh thng ca dn panen mi
Bc dn (m) Nhp dn(m)
Chiu rng ti thiu thanh cnh
thng (mm)
6
6
12
18 24
30
24 - 30
220
240
280
- Khi ch to dn t th nm ngang:
Ly chiu rng ca thanh bng v thanh cnh h= chiu rng ca
thanh cnh thng gim chiu cao ca cc thanh cnh bng
ygim cng ca mt dn v gim c momen un quanh mt
dn khi cng ct thp v khi dn chu ti trng.
Chiu cao tit din thanh cnh h: ph thuc vo vic b tr c thp
chu ko ( cng trc v cng sau) v tnh ton theo kh nng chng
nt.
- i vi nhng dn ghp t cc cu kin l:thng ly chiu rng thanh bng
nh hn thanh cch thng d ni thp ca cc thanh cnh bng vo mt
dn (cnh thng rng 240 mm th thanh cnh bng nn ly l 160, 180
mm).
B tng: ch to dn mi c mc 200500.
Ct thp:
- Thng dng nhm C II, C III cho cc thanh khng c ng lc trc, nn
ch to thnh khung thp hn. Hn ch dng ct thp buc. Thanh cnh h
dng ct thp ng lc trc.
- Ti mt dn, un thp bao quanh mt v ti u cc thanh chu ko phi hn
thm thp lm neo.
- Mt di ca thanh cnh h: khng nn hn cc chi tit treo vt nng,
khng nn cu to l, nu cn thit th ch nn cu to l mt dn vi
ng knh l khng vt qu 50 mm, ct thp ng lc trc phi c neo
cn thn nh cc quy nh vi kt cu ng lc trc.

- Cnh thng ca dn chu nn ng tm hoc lch tm, ct dc trong 4
10, chiu dy lp bo v ct thp m bo yu cu ti thiu nhng 40
mm.
- Thanh xin chu nn c cu to nh cu kin chu nn ng tm.
- Thanh xin chu nn gi ta: 4 10.
- Cc thanh xin chu nn khc:4 8 v chng lin kt thnh khung gian.
- Vi nhng thanh xin ch phi chu lc nn rt nh: vi ct thp cu to ti
thiu cng khng s dng ht 50% kh nng chu lc th c th dng khung
phng vi hai thanh ct dc c ng knh 10 mm.
Neo ct thp vo mt dn:
- Thanh xin chu nn: ct thp phi c ko vo mt dn mt on 15d.
- Thanh xin chu ko:ct thp phi c neo vo mt dn mt on khng b
hn quy nh ca tiu chun thit k v chiu di neo.
Cc thanh xin chu ko c cu to nh cu kin chu ko ng tm.
i vi nhng thanh xin chu ko ln th nn ko ct thp vo su trong
cnh thng hoc cnh h m khng k n nhng yu cu chiu di neo
ni trn.
Khong cch gia cc ct thp ai hoc thanh ngang trong thanh xin
chu ko 30d.
Mt dn khng nn cu to qu ln, kch thc mt dn do chiu di neo ca cc
thanh quy t mt quyt nh.
Cc gc ca dn nn l gc vung hoc t c th vut ln trn.
Ngoi ct dc bao quanh chu vi mt dn cn phi c ct ai.
Trng thi ng sut bin dng mt dn rt phc tp, do vy vic tnh
ton ct thp bao quanh mt dn v ct ai ch l qui c v c th cho
mt dn chu t 5080% ni lc tnh ton ca thanh bng.
b) Tnh ton dn
Tnh ton cng ca dn theo cc giai on:ch to,vn chuyn, cu lp v s
dng.
Ti trng truyn t mi xung v trng lng bn thn dn: c coi nh t vo
mt cnh thng.
Ti trng do cu trc treo t vo mt cnh h.

Nu ti trng tc ng trn thanh cnh thng khng nm vo mt dn th phi
xt ti s xut hin mmen cc b bng cch coi cnh thng nh mt dm lin
tc c nhp bng khong cch mt dn. Nu s nhp > 5 th tnh ton nh dm 5
nhp. i vi dn vng cung phi k n nh hng ca lch ca lc dc lm
gim mmen cc b.
Coi mt dn l khp.
i vi dn BTCT ng lc trc trong giai on ch to:
Khi cng ct thp ng lc trc cnh h, do nh hng ca cng ca mt
dn trong thanh xut hin nhng ni lc ban u (ch yu l mmen un).
Nhng ni lc ny phi c xt n khi tnh ton v cu to thanh dn.
Khi tnh ton tit din BTCT:
Thanh cnh thng v cc thanh xin chu nn c tnh nh cu kin chu nn
lch tm.
Thanh cnh h v thanh xin chu ko tnh nh cu kin chu ko ng tm.
Chiu di tnh ton cc thanh dn:
Khi k n un dc trong mt phng dn:
i vi thanh cnh thng v thanh xin k vi gi ta: chiu di tnh
ton ly bng khong cch gia hai tm mt dn.
i vi cc thanh bng khc: chiu di tnh ton ly bng 0.8 khong
cch gia hai tm mt dn.
Khi un dc ngoi mt phng dn: chiu di tnh ton ca cnh thng ly bng
khong cch gia cc ging cnh thng.
5.2.5 KT CU KO
a) Cu to
Khi nhng hng ct trong ca nh cng nghip do yu cu cng ngh cn cc
khong khng gian ln phi dng cc bc ct 12 hoc 18 m, trong khi cc
hng ct bin v bc dm mi (dn mi) vn gi l 6 m th phi s dng kt cu
ko.
Kt cu ko c th l dm hoc dn.
Cc loi dm ko:
Dm ko c dng hnh tam gic:
Cnh thng thng, tit din ch I

u im:
Vng chu nn ln, vng chu ko b tr thp d dng;
Dm mi v dn gi trc tip ln cnh thng nn kt cu gi ta n
gin v thun tin.
Dm ko c hai cnh song song:
Dm mi c trn tr nh ca cnh h;
Tit din ca dm l ch I nhng cnh nn khng ln dm khng khe.
Dm ko tam gic thun: So vi hai loi trn c phn nh hn,gi ta ca
dm mi hoc dn mi cng ta ln tr nh gia dm ko.
Chiu cao dm ko gi ta v nhp: ph thuc vo s kt cu mi v
tng quan gia kt cu ca khung nh.
Chiu cao u dn 500 mm.
Chiu cao dm c cnh song song:1500 mm i vi bc ct 12 m.
Chiu rng dm ko: ph thuc vo iu kin ta ca dm mi, dn mi, khe h
tiu chun, sai s khi ch to, lp ghp. i vi dm tam gic cnh thng thng:
Chiu rng cnh thng v cnh h ly 500 mm;
Chiu rng bng dm 200 mm;
Chiu rng cho mt gi ta ca dm mi l 250 mm.
Dn ko:
Ngoi dm ko ngi ta cn dng dn ko vi nhp l 12 m hoc ln hn.
Dn ko c th l: dn cnh song song, dn hnh thang v cc loi dn ko
dng tam gic.
b) c im tnh ton
Dm ko c tnh nh mt dm n gin:
Ti trng tp trung truyn t kt cu mi vo c xt trong hai trng hp: t
ti trng mt pha v t ti trng hai pha.
Gi ta ca kt cu mi phi c kim tra chu nn cc b.
Ct ai ca dm ko c cnh h xin xung di c tnh ton nh iu kin
cng ca dm c hai mi dc theo tit din nghing.
Dn ko c tnh ton nh dn tnh nh c xt ti s t ti mt pha v hai
pha.

Khi ti trng truyn t dn mi vo ch t mt pha, nh hng ca cng
ca mt n dn l r rt hn dn milm cho khe nt xut hin sm hn.
Khi kim tra s xut hin khe nt nn dng ni lc c xc nh c k ti nh
hng cng ca mt dn ko.
5.2.6 VM MI
a) Cu to
Vm BTCT c dng lm kt cu chu lc ca mi nh c nhp > 18 m. i vi
mi c nhp ln trn 36 m th vm t ra kinh t hn dn.
Vm BTCT c th l vm ba khp, vm hai khp v vm khng khp.
Vm ba khp: thng c lp ghp t hai na vm: hai khp chn v mt
khp nh.
Vm hai khp: hay gp trong thc t l loi vm c thanh cng.
Vm khng khp:
Thng c thi cng lin khi, ta trc tip trn mng, lc x ngang
c truyn trc tip xung mng.
C trng hp ngi ta tn dng cc kt cu hai bn chu lc x
ngang ca vm.

Hnh 5.12
Vm hai khp c thanh cng:
vng ca vm (mi tn vm):
1 1
5 8
f l
(5.8)

Trong : l nhp vm.
Trc hp l ca vm khi chu ti trng phn b u l mt ng parabol:

2
4 f l x
y
l

Trong : x khong cch t gi ta n tit din tnh ton.


Hnh 5.13
nh hnh ha kt cu vm v n gin cho cu to, i vi vm thoi (
1
5
f l )
ta c th ly trc vm l ng trn.
Tit din vm c th l ch nht hoc ch I, chiu cao tit din vm c th ly
bng:

1 1
30 40
h l
Trong : l nhp vm.
thanh cng khng b vng, ngi ta b tr cc thanh treo cch nhau 4 6 m.
Bng 5.2 Tit din thn vm v s thanh treo trong vm
Nhip vm, m 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
Chiu cao h, m 40 - 45 45 - 50 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 75 75 - 80 80 - 85
Chiu rng b, m 20 20 - 25 25 25 - 30 25 - 30 30 - 35 30 - 35
S lnng thanh
treo
2 3 4 5
Thn vm cu to nh cu kin chu nn lch tm hoc chu ko lch tm.
Thanh cng bng thp hoc bng BTCT. C th dng thp hnh, thp trn
lm thanh cng.
Neo thanh cng vo gi ta phi m bo chc chn nh hn vi thp t
sn gi hoc neo bng bulng.
Nu vm nhp ln nn dng thanh cng c ng lc trc, lc cng trc
c th ly bng lc x ngang do ti trng tnh gy ra.


Hnh 5.14
b) Tnh ton
Ti trng:
Ti trng mi, hot ti t na vm, hot ti t c vm, ti trng cu trc
treo
Nu vm c nhp ln phi tnh s co ngt v t bin ca b tng.
Tit din ca thanh cng c s b xc nh theo lc x ngang:

2
0.9
8
ql
H
f
(5.9)

i vi vm thoi, lc x ngang H c k ti s gin di ca thanh cng c xc
nh nh sau:
Khi ti trng phn b u trn ton vm:
2
8
ql
H k
f
(5.10)

Khi ti trng phn b u trn mt phn vm:
2
2 4 5
5 5 2
16
ql
H k c c c
f
(5.11)

Khi ti trng tp trung:

3 4
5
2
8
Pl
H k c c c
f
(5.12)

Trong :
a
c
l

y: a oncht ti trng;

2
1
15
1 1
8
s
k
r A
f nA
(5.13)

y: rbn knh qun tnh ca tit din thn vm;
Adin tch tit din thn vm;
A
s
din tch tit din thanh cng bng thp


s
b
E
n
E

Hnh 5.15
Nu thanh cng c ng lc trc, gin ca n khi vm chu ti trng s gim i,
khi lc x ngang H tng ln v mmen un trong vm s gim xung.
Ni lc trong vm c xc nh nh sau:

0 x
M M Hy
(5.14)

0
cos sin
x
Q Q H
(5.15)

0
sin cos
x
N Q H
(5.16)

Trong :
gc gia ng tip tuyn vi trc vm v ng nm ngang tai tip
din x ang xt;
M
0
, Q
0
- mmen un v lc ct trong dm n gin c nhp bng nhp vm.
gian on ch to, lp ghp, trong vm vi thanh cng ng sut trc s xut
hin ni lc do nn trc thanh cng. y l h kt cu siu tnh bc mt.
Nu gi Z l chuyn v ca gi ta (s dch li nhau) khi b p trc th:

1
0
11 11
p
r
N
Z
r r
(5.17)

Trong :

11 2
0.5
15
18
b qd
b
E F
E J
r
l f l
(5.18)

1 0 p
r N
A
qd
- din tch quy i tng ng ca thn vm;
'
0.5
b b
E E - ly cho thanh cng;
'
b b
E E - ly cho thn vm.
Ni lc thanh cng:


0
2
0.5
15
1
4
b qd
qd
E A
N
N Z
J
l
f A
(5.19)

Lc nn ln nht trong vm:

0
2 2
15
4 8
1
15
b
qd
E J N
N H Z
f A f l
J
(5.20)

Mmen ln nht thn vm:

0
2
4
1
15
qd
N f
M Hf
f A
J
(5.21)

Ct thp trong thn vm c cu to nh iu kin chu nn (hoc chu ko)
lch tm.
Chiu di tnh ton ca thn vm:
Vm ba khp: = 0.58 S
Vm hai khp: = 0.54 S
Vm khng khp: = 0.36 S
y S l chiu di trc vm.
Thanh cng c tnh ton nh cu kin chu ko ng tm.


5.2.7 V D TNH TON
Phn tch ni lc mt dn mi BTCT nhp 12m, bc dn 6m:

Hnh 5.16
Tnh ti mi
STT Cc lp mi
Ti trng
tiu chun
kG/m
2

H s
vt ti
Ti trng
tnh ton
kG/m
2

1
Hai lp gch l nem,
dy 5cm, = 1800 kG/m
3

90.0 1.3 117.0
2
Lp b tng nh cch nhit,
dy 12cm, = 1200kG/m
3

144.0 1.3 187.2
3
Lp b tng chng thm,
dy 4cm, = 2500kG/m
3

100.0 1.1 110.0
4
Panen 6 x 1.5m, trng lng
1 tm k c b tng chn 1.7t
189.0 1.1 207.9
5
Dn mi nhp 12m, trng lng
3.6t
0.3 1.1 0.33
6 Tng cng 523.3 622.43
3000 3000 3000 3000
12000
6
0
0

Tnh ti mi quy v lc tp trung t ti cc mt cnh trn ca dn:
Nt bin:

1
0.622 6 1.5 5.60 G T
Nt gia:

2 1
2 11.20 G G T
Hot ti mi:
Nt bin:

1
0.075 6 1.5 0.675 P T
Nt gia:

2 1
2 1.35 P P T
Cc trng hp ti:
(1) TT: Tnh ti

(2) HT1: Hot ti trn na dn tri



(3) HT2: Hot ti trn na dn phi

Cc t hp:
TH1: TT + HT1
TH2: TT + HT2
TH3: TT + HT1 + HT2
BAO: max, min ca (TH1, TH2, TH3)
Biu bao lc dc N (T):


Da vo kt qu ni lc tnh ton trn biu bao:
Cc thanh cnh thng tnh ton theo cu kin BTCT chu nn ng tm, nu
chnh lch ni lc gia cc phn t D9, D22, D23, D24 khng ng k ( N
10%) th ly thanh c lc dc ln nht tnh thp.
i vi cc thanh cnh h chu ko ng tm: tnh ton ct thp chu ton b lc
ko, b qua s lm vic ca b tng.

CHNG 6 - HNG DN N KHUNG TON KHI Trang145

CHNG 6. HNG DN N KHUNG TON KHI
Thit k khung BTCT ton khi cho nh c quy m 5 tng . Cng trnh xy dng
ti TP. HCM c cc bn v mt bng , mt ct nh hnh 6.1, hnh 6.2.
Cc bc thit k theo th t nh sau:
La chn phng n, lp s tnh ton ca kt cu khung.
Chn s b kch thc tit din, chn vt liu.
Xc nh cc loi ti trng, cc trng hp ti c th tc dng ln kt
cu.
Tnh ton ni lc ng vi tng trng hp ti trng , t hp ni lc.
Tnh ton tit din BTCT, kim tra cc iu kin s dng.
Th hin bn v kt cu khung.(Mt ct dc khung, mt ct ngang tit
din dm, ct khung).



Hnh 6.1 Mt bng kin trc


Hnh 6.2 Mt ct kin trc


6.1 S TNH.
H khung l h thanh lin kt gia cc thanh ng (l ct), thanh ngang (l dm) to
thnh cc nt cng khung. in cn v khung n nh l h bt bin hnh. i
vi khung BTCT ton khi nhiu nhp , nhiu tng l h siu tnh. Nt cng khung
c chuyn v, khc vi ngm cng gia ct vi mng cao trnh ngm ti mt trn
mng. V vy khi cng trnh khng c sn hm v c sn hm cao trnh ngm tnh
khung quy c nh trong chng 1.
M hnh tnh ton khung th hin trc ct, trc dm. C th quy c khi t s L/B
>2, cng trnh c mt bng chy di, khung dc nhiu nhp hn khung ngang nn
cng khung ngang nh hn nhiu ln so vi cng khung dc ,ni lc ch yu
gy ra trong khung ngang.Khi tch ring tng khung phng xc nh ni lc
trong ct v dm ngang, cn ni lc trong dm dc c tnh nh dm lin tc
nhiu nhp. Gii php phn tch s tnh kt cu nh vy ch ph hp cho cng
trnh c bc ct theo phng dc u nhau, v kt qu ni lc khung phng ngang
s ln hn so vi kt qu ni lc ca khung ngang ny khi c xc lp m hnh
tnh theo khung khng gian.
V vy khi nim khung nguy him l khung t phn t, da vo s nhp ca khung
v din tch sn truyn ti ln khung.
king thng c xem khng phi l b phn khung ngang(thin v an ton).
Tuy nhin c nh hng nht nh i vi khung nh:
Gim chiu di tnh ton ct gim mnh ct tng trt.
Tng cng khng gian ca cng trnh khc phc ln khng u.
king c gn vo tnh khung khi c c btng sn trt ( cng trnh khu vc
nn t yu). i vi cng trnh c sn hm cng cao vi ging mng v mt
i ( hnh 1.1) nu gn ging mng vo cao trnh ngm tnh khung, th nhp tnh
ton ging khng chnh xc v khng k ti kch thc i mng.
6.1.1 THIT K THEO M HNH KHUNG PHNG NGANG.



Hnh 6.4 S tnh khung phng


6.1.2 THIT K THEO M HNH KHUNG KHNG GIAN.
Hnh 6.5. S tnh khung khng gian


6.1.3 CHN VT LIU S DNG
B tng cp bn B20
Thp nhm AI cho loi ng knh 10
Thp nhm AII cho loi ng knh 12
Thp nhm AIII cho loi ng knh 20
6.1.4 S B KCH THC TIT DIN.
a. Chiu dy sn :
+ Sn c dm
cm L h
b
) 2 , 9 3 , 10 ( 415 .
45
1
40
1
.
45
1
40
1

C th chn chiu dy theo cng thc kinh nghim sau nhm khng ch
vng.
cm
n Chuvibans
h 6 , 9
180
) 450 415 ( 2
.
180
min

Chn sn dy 10cm
+ Sn phng , sn nm (sn khng dm)
L h
b
.
40
1
30
1

b. Tit din dm khung :
- Chiu cao dm khung : h
Dm lin kt vi ct:
L h .
12
1
14
1

Dm lin kt vi dm:
L h .
14
1
16
1


- Chiu rng dm khung:
h b .
2
1
3
1

- i vi tit din dm bt (s dng khi kin trc yu cu gim chiu cao tng)
. . 3 2
.
18
1
20
1
h b
L h

Tit din dm ngang : nhp 3,15m ; 4,5m v 4,15m.
346 296 4150 .
12
1
14
1
375 321 4500 .
12
1
14
1
262 225 3150 .
12
1
14
1
h
h
h

Chn kch thc tit din dm ngang DN(200x350), nu chnh lch cnh h
khng
nhiu, kt hp vi yu cu kin trc ,c th chn tit din dm ngang bng
nhau.
Tit din dm dc : nhp 4,5m v 6,5m
541 464 6500 .
12
1
14
1
375 321 4500 .
12
1
14
1
h
h

Chn kch thc tit din dm dc : DD(200x350) v (200x500).
c. Tit din ct khung :
Din tch tit din ct c s b theo cng thc:
b
b
R
N
K A

Trong

K= 1,11,25 : h s k ti nh hng momen trong ct
N= q. S. n .
q= g+p (KN/m
2
), gi tr ti trng ng s btrn mt m
2
sn, c th
ly tr s sau:
q= 0,8 1 (KN/m
2
) i vi cao c vn phng, tng l vch nh.
q= 1,1 1,3 (KN/m
2
) i vi chung c, tng l vch gch.
S (m
2
) din tch sn truyn ti ln ct khung.
n : s tng nh.
S b kch thc tit din ct
Tn
ct
S (m
2
) q= g+p
(KN/m
2
)
N= q. S. n .
(KN)
A
b
(cm
2
)
Chn (bxh) cm

n=5 n=2 n=5 n=2
Ct
bin
k=1,25
4,5x(4,15+4,5)
=9,73

1.1

53.52

21.41

608
25x30

243
25x25

Ct
gia
k=1,1
(4,5+6,5)x
(4,15+4,5)=23,79

1.1

130.95

52.34

1308
30x40

523
30x30

Kch thc tit din ct cn p ng yu cu v chu lc, phn t ct nn c
cng ln hn phn t dm, v p ng nhu cu thm m ca kin trc.
d. Chiu dy vch : chiu dy vch c chn theo chiu cao mi tng nh
cm h h
g vach
10 & .
25
1
tan
min

6.2 XC NH TI TRNG
6.2.1 TNH TI :
- Trng lng bn thn cc lp cu to sn,chng thm, dm ,ct.
- Trng lng ng ng k thut
- Ti trng tng xy, vch hm, vch thang.

Bng kt qu gi tr tnh ti sn tng.
Cc lp
cu to sn
Chiu
dy
(cm)
H s
tin
cy
Trng lng
th tch
(daN/m
3
)
Ti trng tiu
chun
g
c
(daN/m
2
)
Ti trng tnh
ton g(daN/m
2
)
Gch
ceramic
1,1 25 27,5
Va lt 2 1,2 1800 36 43,2
an BTCT 10 1,1 2500 250 275
Va trt 1,5 1,2 1800 27 32,4
Thit b k
thut
1,1 50 55

Tng

g
c
= g
i
=388

g= g
i
=433,1
Trng lng cc lp hon thin sn : khng k trng lng chiu dy an BTCT.
g
c
= g
i
=388- 250= 138 daN/m
2

g= g
i
=433,1- 275= 158,1 daN/m
2

i vi sn v sinh, sn mi ngoi trng trng cc lp cu to trn cng thm
trng lng lp chng thm ( va h du, sika, hay flinkote,..)
Trng lng lp chng thm g
c
=10 daN/m
2
, n=1,2

6.2.2 HOT TI:
- Ty theo chc nng s dng ca sn, gi tr ti trng ly theo TCXDVN 2737-
1995 (xem ph lc 1 trang 232)

Loi phng
Gi tr tiu
chun
(daN/m
2
)

H s
tin cy
n
Gi tr tnh ton.
(daN/m
2
)
Ton
phn
Phn
di hn
Ton
phn
Phn
di hn
Phn
ngn
hn
Phng ng, n, 150 30 1.3 195 39 156

bp.
Phng hc, ban
cng
200 70 1.2 240 84 156
Cu thang, hnh
lang
300 100 1.2 360 120 240

6.2.3 TI TRNG GI:
Cng trnh c chiu cao H<40m, nn theo TCXD 2737-1995 khng k ti thnh
phn ng ca ti trng gi.
Gi tnh : W= W
c
. n . c . k . B
Trong
W
c
: Gi tr p lc gi theo bn phn vng p lc gi trn lnh th Vit Nam,
ph lc 10
Bng 6.1.Gi tr p lc gi chun (ti cao 10m)
Vng p lc gi trn bn I II III IV V
W
c
(daN/m
2
) 65 95 125 155 185

n : h s tin cy, ty theo tui th cng trnh.
Bng 6.2 .H s tin cy n
Thi gian s dng gi
nh ca cng trnh
n
50 nm 1.2
40 nm 1.15
30 nm 1
20 nm 1.1
10 nm 0.9
5 nm 0.75
c : h s kh ng .

Cc mt phng thng ng :
n gi c = +0.8.
Khut gi c= -0.6.
Cc mt phng nghing gc : khi nh c mi dc hai pha, ly theo
TCVN 2737-1995)- bng ch dn xc nh h s kh ng c.
H s h
1
/L
0 0,5 1 2
C
e1
0
20
40
60
0
+0,2
+0,4
+0,8

-0,6
-0,4
+0,3
+0,8

-0,7
-0.7
-0,2
+0,8

-0.8
-0.8
-0.4
+0,8

C
e2
60 -0,4 -0,4 -0,5 -0,8
Theo bi

34 , 1
8 , 12
1 , 17
L
H
C
e1
= - 0,466 v C
e2
= - 0,5.

k : h s cao tnh n s thay i ca p lc gi theo cao z., ng vi
dng a hnh xc nh theo cng thc sau:(TCXD229-1999)
2
1.844
t
m
t
g
t
z
k z
z

Trong :
z
t
g
cao ca a hnh dng t m vn tc gi khng cn chu nh hng ca
mt m, cn gi l cao gradient;
m
t
s m tng thch vi a hnh dng t.
Bng 6.3. cao gradient v h s m
t

Dng a hnh z
t
g
(m) m
t
A
B
C
250
300
400
0.070
0.090
0.140

a hnh A l a hnh trng tri, khng c hoc c rt t vt cn cao khng qu
1,5m( b bin thong, mt sng ,h ln, cnh ng,..)
a hnh B l a hnh tng i trng tri, c mt s vt cn tha tht cao khng
qu 10m( vng ngoi t nh , th trn, lng mc,..)
a hnh C l a hnh b che chn mnh , c nhiu vt cn st nhau cao t 10m
tr ln (trong thnh ph, vng rng rm)
Cng trnh xy dng ti TP.HCM tra ph lc 10 vng gi IIA v dng a hnh C do
vy ,
W
o
= 95-12= 83daN/m
2
(vng t nh hng gi bo c gim 12daN/m
2
.
z
t
g
= 400 ; m
t
= 0,14.
14 , 0 . 2
400
844 , 1 ) (
x
t
z
z k

B: b rng n gi, c xc nh ty theo cch nhp ti trng gi vo phn
mm tnh khung
Khi gn ti vo phn t ct, th B(m) l trung bnh cng ca hai bc
ct lin k c gn ti, cch nhp ny kh mt cng v ti gi s khc
nhau cho tng ct theo mi phng do gia cc phng x, y c bc
ct khc nhau. C th dng cch gn ti ny nu chng ta chn gii
php tnh ni lc cho khung phng (gn p lc gi y, gi ht vo 2
ct bin ca khung).
Khi gn ti vo phn t dm, th B(m) l trung bnh cng ca chiu
cao hai tng nm lin k cao trnh z(m) ang xt. Cch nhp ny
nhanh v tin v lc gi theo hai phng trong tng tng s nh nhau,
khng ph thuc vo bc ct phng x,y.
Khi gn ti tp trung vo nt ct bin mi tng, gi y v gi ht
c cng dn gi tr, ngha l p lc gi c tnh vi h s kh
ng c=1,4.
Khi gn ti tp trung vo tm cng sn mi tng (phn mm ETAB c
thm chc nng ny), gi y v gi ht c cng dn gi tr, ngha

l p lc gi c tnh vi h s kh ng c=1,4. V vy, B(m
2
) l
din tch mt n gi theo chiu rng hoc chiu di nh.
Gi phng X
B(m
2
)= b rng nh theo phng X x Trung bnh cng ca chiu cao hai tng
lin k cao trnh ang xt.
Gi phng Y
B(m
2
)= b rng nh theo phng Y x Trung bnh cng ca chiu cao hai tng
lin k cao trnh ang xt.
Bng kt qu p lc gi

Tng

Chiu
cao
Tng
(m)

Cao
Z(m)

k

Gi y
W
(daN/m
2
)
C=0,8
Gi ht
W
h
(daN/m
2
)
C=-0,6

W(daN/m
2
)
C=1,4

Mi
Tng 5
Tng 4
Tng 3
Tng 2
Tng 1

3,3
3,3
3,3
3,3
3,3
3,9

17,1
13,8
10,5
7,2
3,9
0

0,76
0,72
0,67
0.6
0,5

60,56
57,37
53,39
47,81
39,84

45,42
43,03
40,04
35,86
29,88

106
100,4
93,43
83,67
69,72

Trong W (daN/m
2
) = 83. 1,2 . c . k
6.3 CC TRNG HP TI NHP VO M HNH TNH KHUNG
Cc trng hp ti trng Din gii
TNH TI ( DEAD) Ti thng xuyn+ Phn ti di hn
ca hot ti
HOT TI 1 (LIVE) Cht y phn ti ngn hn ca hot
ti
ca hot ti
ca hot ti (cht ngc vi HT2)
GI TX (WIND) Gi phng X t tri

GIPX (WIND) Gi phng -X t phi
GI TY (WIND) Gi phng Y t trc
GI PY (WIND) Gi phng -Y t sau
Lu khi tnh khung phng ch c ti GIO TX, GIO PX.
TRNH T CHT TI LN KHUNG KHNG GIAN.
(1) DEAD :
Ti trng tc dng ln sn (daN/m
2
) c phn mm tnh ton kt
cu (SAP, ETAB) t ng ha trng lng bn thn cc cu kin
sn, dm, ct, vch BTCT.
Trng lng cc lp hon thin sn cng vi phn di hn ca hot
ti.
Gi tr ti thng xuyn c nhp di dng ti phn b trn sn c chiu gravity.

Loi phng
Gi tr tiu chun
(daN/m
2
)
Gi tr tnh ton.
(daN/m
2
)
Lp
Hon
thin
Phn
di hn
Ti
Thng
xuyn
Lp
Hon
thin
Phn
di hn
Ti
Thng
xuyn
Phng ng, n,
bp.
138 30 168 158 39 197
Phng hc, ban
cng
138 70 208 158 84 242
Trng lng tng xy :( xem ph lc 4)
Tng dy 100, g
t
c
= 180daN/m
2
, tng dy 200, g
t
c
= 330daN/m
2

g
t
= g
t
c
x 1,1x (h
tng
-h
dm
)


Ti trng
tng
(daN/m)
Tng dy 100 Tng dy 200
Cao 3,9m Cao 3,3m Cao 3,9m Cao 3,3m
Dm cao
35cm
703 584 1289 1071
Dm cao
50cm
673 555 1234 1016
CH :
Nu m hnh cu thang, h nc mi cha khai bo c vo m hnh khung khng
gian, th cn nhp thm vo khung cc gi tr ti sau:
+ Ti trng phn b trn on dm chiu ngh, dm chiu ti do bn thang truyn
vo.
+ Ti trng tp trung ti cc trc ct do h nc mi truyn vo .
(2) LIVE : Hot ti ngn hn c gi tr ti khng ln so vi gi tr ti
trng thng xuyn, nn chng ta c th cht ti ln khung ch mt
trng hp hot ti cht y. Di y c trnh by so snh kt qu
ni lc khi xt hot ti cht y v khi xt nhiu trng hp hot ti
ln khung.
(3) WIND
- Tnh khung khng gian nn gn ti gi phn b ln dm bin mi tng,
hoc gn vo tm cng sn.
Gi tr lc gi gn ln dm bin mi tng.

Sn Tng 2
B=3.6
Tng 3
B=3.3
Tng 4
B=3.3
Tng 5
B=3.3
Tng mi
B=1.65
W
(daN/m)

143 158 176 189 100
W
h
(daN/m)

108 118 132 142 75
Vi B l b rng n gi (m)


Gi tr lc gi gn vo tm cng sn
Sn Tng 2

Tng 3

Tng 4

Tng 5

Tng mi

Phng X
W (daN)
B=46.08
3213
B=42.24
3534
B=42.24
3946
B=42.24
4241
B=21.12
2239
Phng Y
W (daN)
B=55.8
3890

B=51.15
4280
B=51.15
4779
B=51.15
5135
B=25.58
2711
Vi B l din tch mt n gi (m
2
)
Gi tr lc gi gn tp trung vo nt ct bin mi tng.

Cao trnh
LC GI PHNG X (daN)

TRC A
B=2,075m
TRC B
B=4,325m
TRC C
B=4,325m
TRC D
B=2,075m
Mi 363 718 718 363
Tng 5 687 1433 1433 687
Tng 4 640 1333 1333 640
Tng 3 573 1194 1194 573
Tng 2 521 1086 1086 521

Cao
trnh
LC GI PHNG Y (daN)

TRC 1
B=2,25m
TRC 2
B=5.5m
TRC 3
B=5.5m
TRC 4
B=2,25m
Mi 394 962 962 394
Tng 5 745 1822 1822 745
Tng 4 694 1696 1696 694
Tng 3 621 1519 1519 621
Tng 2 565 1380 1380 565


TR NH T CHT TI LN KHUNG PHNG.
Khc vi khung khng gian, ti ng trn sn truyn vo khung phng trc 2 cn
da trn mt bng din tch sn truyn ti ln khung, theo nguyn tc truyn ti
sn vo dm ca sn 1 phng v 2 phng .Khi phn din tch sn c dng hnh
thang , tam gic hay ch nht, v vy c 2 dng ti : ti phn b truyn trc tip vo
dm khung, ti tp trung ti nt do sn thng qua dm dc truyn vo (xem hnh
6.6).

H nh 6.6 . Mt bng din tch sn truyn ti ln khung trc 2.
(1) DEAD :
Nhp AB :
-Do sn truyn vo dm khung ti phn b dng tam gic
g
s1
= g x L
1
= 433 x 4,15 = 898 daN/m.
-Do tng dy 200 truyn vo dm khung ti phn b u

g
t
= 330 x 1,1 x (3,3 0,35) = 1071 daN/m
-Ti tp trung :
Ti nt A
Do sn
daN x g S P 56 , 2021 433 )
2
15 , 4
2
5 , 4
( .

Do tng dy 200.
P
t
= 330 x 1,1 x (3,3 0,35)x 4,5 = 2409daN
Ti v tr DPgi ln dm khung:
Do sn
daN
x
g S P 844 433 )
2
6 , 0 5 , 6
( .
1

Do tng ban cng cao 1,2m
P
t
= 330 x 1,1 x 1,2 x 6,5 = 1415daN
Nhp BC
-Do sn truyn vo dm khung ti phn b dng tam gic.
g
s1
= g x L
1
=433 x 4,5 = 1948,5 daN/m
g
t
= 330 x 1,1 x (3,3 0,35) = 1071 daN/m
-Ti tp trung :
Ti nt B,C
Do sn
daN
x
g S P 6960 433 ) 8 , 2
2
25 , 3 1
2
5 , 4 5 , 4
( .
1

Do tng dy 100
Nt B:P
t
= 180 x 1,1 x (3,3 0,35)x (4,5+6,5) = 3213 daN
Nt C: P
t
= 180 x 1,1 x (3,3 0,35)x 4,5 = 1314 daN

Nhp CD :
g
s1
= g x L
1
= 433 x 4,15 = 898 daN/m.
g
s2
= g x L
1
= 433 x 2,5 = 541 daN/m.
g
t
= 180 x 1,1 x (3,3 0,35) = 584 daN/m
-Ti tp trung :
+ Ti nt D
Do sn truyn ti vo dm trc D
daN x x g S P 3415 433 ) 25 . 1
2
9 , 1 25 , 3
2
15 , 4
2
5 , 4
( .

Do tng truyn ti vo dm trc D
P
t
= 330 x 1,1 x (3,3 0,35)x (4,5+6,5) = 5891daN
+ Ti v tr DP gi ln dm khung:
Do sn
daN x
x
g S P 2238 433 ) 25 . 1
2
9 , 1 25 , 3
2
6 , 0 5 , 6
( .

(2)LIVE
Nhp AB :
p
s1
= p x L
1
= 240 x 4,15 = 498 daN/m.
-Ti tp trung :
Ti nt A
Do sn
daN x p S P 1121 240 )
2
15 , 4
2
5 , 4
( .


Ti v tr DPgi ln dm khung:
Do sn daN
x
p S P 468 240 )
2
6 , 0 5 , 6
( .
1

Nhip BC
-Do sn truyn vo dm khung ti phn b dng tam gic.
p
s1
= p x L
1
= 240 x 4,5 = 1080daN/m
-Ti tp trung :
Ti nt B,C
Do sn daN
x
p S P 3858 240 ) 8 , 2
2
25 , 3 1
2
5 , 4 5 , 4
( .
1

Nhp CD :
p
s1
= p x L
1
= 240 x 4,15 = 498 daN/m.
p
s2
= px L
1
= 240 x 2,5 = 300 daN/m.
-Ti tp trung :
+ Ti nt D
Do sn truyn ti vo dm trc D
daN x x p S P 1893 240 ) 25 . 1
2
9 , 1 25 , 3
2
15 , 4
2
5 , 4
( .

+ Ti v tr DP gi ln dm khung:
Do sn daN x
x
p S P 1240 240 ) 25 . 1
2
9 , 1 25 , 3
2
6 , 0 5 , 6
( .
(3) WIND
- Tnh khung phng nn gn ti gi tp trung ti nt ct bin mi tng
Sn Tng 2
B=3,6x5,5
Tng 3
B=3,3x5,5
Tng 4
B=3.3x5,5
Tng 5
B=3.3x5,5
Tng mi
B=1.65x5,5

W(daN)

1380 1519 1696 1822 962
6.4 TNH TON NI LC VI TNG TRNG HP TI TRNG,
T HP NI LC
Khung l kt cu siu tnh bc cao, hin nay thng s dng cc chng trnh tnh
kt cu c lp trnh sn xc nh ni lc do tng trng hp ti trng gy
ra.
Theo TCVN 2737-95, t hp ti trng gm c t hp c bn v t hp c bit.
T hp c bn gm cc ti trng thng xuyn, ti trng tm thi di hn v tm
thi ngn hn.
T hp c bit gm cc ti trng thng xuyn, ti trng tm thi di hn v tm
thi ngn hn c th xy ra v mt trong cc ti trng c bit.
T hp ti trng c bn c t 2 ti trng tm thi tr ln th phi nhn vi h s t
hp 0,9
Trong phm vi n mn hc ch cn tnh ton vi t hp ni lc c bn.
nh ngha cc t hp ni lc :
Khi tnh theo phng n khung phng bao gm 7 t hp (t comb1 comb7) v 13
t hp (t comb1 comb13) khi tnh theo phng n khung khng gian. Phn
mm tnh ton mc nh cc COMBO theo kiu cng i s (linear add) v 1 t hp
BAO (mc nh Envelope) ly gi tr max, min t cc t hp trn.
Cc t hp
T hp Cu trc
COMB1 TNH TI+ HT1

BAO Envelope (COMB1, COMB2,, COMB13)
6.5 TNH TON TIT DIN B TNG CT THP
6.5.1 THP CT :
Xut bng gi tr ni lc ct khung ch nh ,chn tt c cc COMBO khai bo.
Nh vy, ti mi v tr tit din ngang ca ct s lc c 7 cp ni lc khi tnh theo
phng n khung phng v 13 cp ni lc khi tnh theo phng n khung khng
gian. Cn lm thm buc lc kt qu trc khi tnh thp. Do tnh cht i xng khi
tnh v b tr thp ct, khng cn phn bit momen m hay dng ,ch cn ly cc
cp ni lc bt li cho ct nh sau:
Khung phng: N
max
M
t

M
max
N
t

Khung khng gian : N
max
M
x
t
; M
y
t

M
x max
N
t
; M
y
t

M
y max
N
t
; M
x
t

T mi cp ni lc, dng phng php tnh thp ct theo bi ton nn lch tm
phng hay nn lch tm xin c hc trong BTCT phn 1, tnh v chn gi tr
din tch thp As ln nht b tr.
6.5.2 THP DM :
i vi phn t dm, l cu kin chu un ch cn xut ni lc ca 1 t hp BAO.
Tng t nh ct, ti mi tit din dm ta lc cc cp ni lc sau:
M
max
tnh thp dc cho min di
M
min
tnh thp dc cho min trn
Q
max
tnh bc ai cho dm
Lu , khi s dng phn tnh ni lc khung ,nn hn ch chn s v thp tr mt ct
cho phn t ct, dm (2-3 mt ct) th vic xut v lc kt qu ni tnh .
6.6 KIM TRA CC IU KIN S DNG

i vi cu kin chu un phi m bo yu cu v chiu cao ti thiu ca tit
din, v t l cao tit din trn chiu di nhp.Khi tha mn cc quy nh ny, hu
ht cc kt cu u m boyu cu v vng.
Theo TCVN356-2005 cho php khng cn tnh ton kim tra s m rng vt nt
v bin dng nu qua thc nghim hoc thc t s dng cc kt cu tng t
khng nh c : b rng vt nt mi giai on khng vt qu gi tr cho php
v kt cu c cng giai on s dng.
- Kim tra vng ca tm sn : s dng cng thc ca S. Timoshenko&
S.Woinowsky- Krieger (sch Theory of Plates and shells)
D
qa
4

) 1 ( 12
2
3
Et
D

- Kim tra vng v b rng vt nt ca cc cu kin b tng ct thp tit
din ch nht chu un, ct thp n bng cng thc n gin v cc biu t 1
n 5(xem ph lc 1).
Cng thc xc nh vng :
o
h
l
T f
2

Cng thc xc nh b rng vt nt
Ad a
n

Trong : f vng (cm);
a
n
b rng vt nt (mm);
l khu (nhp)cu kin (m);
h
o
chiu cao c ch ca tit din cu kin (cm);
d ng knh ct thp (cm);

T v A h s tra biu t 1 n 5 ph thuc vo:
+ Hm lng ct thp %.
+ S hiu b tng (cp bn B) v ct thp.
+ T l phn ti trng tc dng di hn trn tng ti trng (r) .
c c
c
dh
c
p g
p g
r

C th xem kt qu t phn mm tnh khung vng ca tng trng hp ti trng
sau:
B
EJ
x f f
danhoi BTCT

f
n hi
= kt qu tnh theo phn mm SAP2000.
bred b
b
s s
s
A E A E
Z h
B
0







6.7 NI DUNG PH LC TNH TON
Trong thuyt minh tnh khung cn trnh by cc s tnh, biu ni lc , v cc
bng gi tr ni lc c xut t phn mm tnh ton theo th t sau:
M hnh tnh khung ( phng, hay khng gian )
S tnh khung phng c ch nh tnh, c hin th tn phn t .

S tnh khung phng c ch nh tnh, c hin th kch thc
tit din phn t .
Cc s cht ti ln khung phng c hin th gi tr ti trng (
phng n khung phng, theo mt phng x-z).
Cc mt bng cht ti ng ln khung khng gian c hin th gi tr
ti trng ( phng n khung khng gian, theo mt phng x-y).
Nu ti gi c vo phn t dm khung, hoc tm cng sn, th
hin th ti gi theo m hnh (3-d).
Biu M,Q, N ca tng trng hp ti trng tc dng ln khung.
Biu bao M,Q, N ca t hp bao.
Xut bng gi tr ni lc phn t ct ca khung c ch nh,chn
tt c cc combo.
Xut bng gi tr ni lc phn t dm ca khung c ch nh, ch
chn t hp bao.


6.7.1 KHUNG KHNG GIAN


Hnh 1. S phn t khung trc 2


Hnh 2. S kch thc tit din khung trc 2


CC TRNG HP CHT TI LN KHUNG KHNG GIAN

TNH TI CHT Y

HT1-HOT TI CHT Y

HT2-HOT TI C

HT3- HOT TI B HT2 (cht c)


TNH TI TNG



GI TRI X



GI PHI X


GI TRI Y



GI PHI Y

KT QU NI LC KHUNG TRC 2
(tnh theo m hnh khung khng gian)



BIU BAO MOMEN (M
33
) KHUNG 2


BIU BAO MOMEN (M
22
) KHUNG 2


BIU BAOLC DC KHUNG B



BIU BAO MOMEN KHUNG B


BIU BAO LC CT KHUNG B



KT QU TNH THP CT KHUNG B.

CT TNG 1, 2.
P.t
bxh
(cm2)
A
sX

A
Sx
chn(cm
2
)
A
sY

A
sY
chn(cm
2
) %
(cm
2
) (cm
2
)
1-2 25x30 5.9 316 6.03 0.95 5.9 316 6.03 0.95
6-7 25x35 7.8 416 8.04 0.84 7.8 416 8.04 0.84
11-12 25x35 7.8 416 8.04 0.84 7.8 416 8.04 0.84
16-17 25x30 5. 316 6.03 0.95 5. 316 6.03 0.95

CT TNG 3.
P.t
bxh
(cm2)
A
sX

A
Sx
chn(cm
2
)
A
sY

A
sY
chn(cm
2
) %
(cm
2
) (cm
2
)
1-2 25x30 5.9 316 6.03 0.95 5.9 316 6.03 0.95
6-7 25x35 7.8 416 8.04 0.84 7.8 416 8.04 0.84
11-12 25x35 7.8 416 8.04 0.84 7.8 416 8.04 0.84
16-17 25x30 5. 316 6.03 0.95 5. 316 6.03 0.95

CT TNG 4, 5.
P.t
bxh
(cm2)
A
sX

A
Sx
chn(cm
2
)
A
sY

A
sY
chn(cm
2
) %
(cm
2
) (cm
2
)
1-2 25x25 5.9 316 6.03 0.95 5.9 316 6.03 0.95
6-7 25x30 7.8 416 8.04 0.84 7.8 416 8.04 0.84
11-12 25x30 7.8 416 8.04 0.84 7.8 416 8.04 0.84
16-17 25x25 5. 316 6.03 0.95 5. 316 6.03 0.95
KT QU TNH THP DM KHUNG B.


6.7.2 KHUNG PHNG TRC 2

S phn t khung trc 2



Kch thc tit din khung trc 2


CC TRNG HP CHT TI LN KHUNG

Tnh ti cht y.


HT1- Hot ti cht y.



HT2- Hot ti cch nhp chn.



HT3- Hot ti cch nhp l (b hot ti 2)


KT QU NI LC KHUNG TRC 2

Biu bao lc dc



Biu bao Momen



Biu bao lc ct.


6.8 TH HIN BN V
Tt c thit k ca n th hin trong bn v kh giy A1, yu cu b cc cc hnh
sau:
Mt bng b tr in hnh thp sn 1 tng (TL1/100).
Hai mt ct b tr thp theo phng X, phng Y trn mt bng sn (TL1/25)
Th hin thp trn mt ct dc khung c ch nh (TL 1:20 ; 1/25 hay
1/50).
B tr thp trn cc mt ct ngang tit din dm , tit din ct (TL 1/10;
1/20; hay 1/25).
Bng thng k ct thp ( thp sn, ct ,dm)
Ghi ch vt liu s dng.

0 - PH LC Trang200

PH LC
Ph lc 1. Trng lng n v mt s loi vt liu xy dng
(Tr s tiu chun)
S th
t
Tn vt liu, sn phm n v o Trng lng
(daN)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

hoa cng dy 2cm
Gch ceramic
Gch bng dy 2 cm
Gch l nem nung 20 x 20 x 2 cm
Gch men 15 x 15 x 1cm
Ngi my loi 13 v/m
2
Ngi my loi 22 v/m
2
Khi xy gch c
Khi xy gch c l
Khi xy hc
Khi xy gch x than
t pha ct
t pha st
Va xi mng - ct
Ct kh
Xi mng

m
2
-
-
-
1000 vin
nt
nt
m
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

50
25
40
30
1000
3100
2100
1800
1500
2400
1300
2000
2200
1600
1500
1700
0 - PH LC Trang201

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Btng khng thp
Btng ct thp
Btng gch v
G nhm I-II
G nhm III-IV-V
Tng 10 gch th
Tng 10 gch ng
Tng 20 gch th
Tng 20 gch ng
Mi FBXM n tay g
Mi FBXM n tay thp hnh
Mi ngi n tay g
Mi tn thic n tay g
Mi tn thic n tay thp hnh
Trn vn p dm g
Trn g dn dm g
Trn li st p va
Ca knh khung g
Ca kinh khung thp
Ca vn g (pan)
Ca thp khung thp
Sn dm g, vn sn g

-
-
-
-
-
m
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2200
2500
1600
800-1400
600-800
200
180
400
330
25
30
60
15
20
30
20
90
25
40
30
45
40
0 - PH LC Trang202

Ph lc 2. bng tra din tch ct thp ca bn

Khang
cch (cm)
ng knh ct thp, mm
6 8 10 12 14
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
4,04
3,54
3,14
2,83
2,57
2,36
2,18
2,02
1,89
1,77
1,66
1,57
1,49
1,41
7,19
6,29
5,59
5,03
4,57
4,19
3,87
3,59
3,35
3,14
2,96
2,79
2,65
2,50
11,21
9,81
8,72
7,85
7,14
6,54
6,04
5,61
5,23
4,91
4,62
4,63
4,13
3,92
16,15
14,13
12,56
11,31
10,28
9,42
8,70
8,07
7,54
7,06
6,65
6,28
5,95
5,65
21,98
19,23
17,10
15,59
13,99
12,82
11,83
10,99
10,26
9,61
9,05
8,55
8,10
7,69

0 - PH LC Trang203


Ph lc 3. bng tra din tch v trng lng ct thp

mm
Din tch tit din ngang, cm
2
- ng vi s thanh

Trng
lng
1m, kG
mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
25
28
30
32
36
40
0,283
0,503
0,785
1,131
1,539
2,011
2,545
3,142
3,801
4,909
6,158
7,069
8,042
10,18
12,56
0,57
1,00
1,57
2,26
3,08
4,02
5,09
6,28
7,6
9,82
12,32
14,14
16,08
20,36
25,12
0,85
1,51
2,36
3,39
4,62
6,03
7,63
9,42
11,4
14,73
18,47
21,21
24,12
30,54
37,68
1,13
2,01
3,14
4,52
6,16
8,04
10,18
12,56
15,2
19,63
24,63
28,28
32,17
40,72
50,24
1,42
2,51
3,92
5,65
7,69
10,05
12,72
15,71
19
24,54
30,79
35,34
40,21
50,9
62,8
1,70
3,02
4,17
6,79
9,23
12,06
15,27
18,85
22,81
29,45
36,95
42,41
48,25
61,08
75,36
1,98
3,52
5,50
7,92
10,77
14,07
17,81
21,99
26,61
34,36
43,10
19,48
56,3
71,26
87,92
2,26
4,02
6,28
9,05
12,31
16,08
20,36
25,14
30,41
39,27
49,36
56,55
64,34
81,44
100,4
2,55
4,53
707
10,18
13,85
18,1
22,9
28,27
34,21
44,18
55,42
63,62
72,38
91,62
113,0
0,222
0,395
0,617
0,888
1,208
1,578
1,998
2,466
2,984
3,853
4,834
5,549
6,313
7,99
9,87
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
25
28
30
32
36
40

0 - PH LC Trang204

Ph lc 4. cng tnh ton ca ct thp thanh khi tnh theo trng thi
gii hn th nht (mpa)

C
t

t
h
p

d
c

R
C
t

t
h
p

n
g
a
n
g

(
c
t

t
h
a
i
,

c
t

t
h
p

x
i
n
)
R
s
w
2
2
5
1
7
5
2
2
5
2
8
0
2
2
5
2
8
0
A
-
I
I
I

c
n
g

k
n
h
,

m
m
6
8
3
5
5
2
8
5
*
3
5
5
C
I
I
I
,

A
-
I
I
I

c
n
g

k
n
h
,

m
m
1
0
4
0
3
6
5
2
9
0
*
3
6
5
5
1
0
4
0
5
4
5
0
*
*
6
8
0
5
4
5
5
0
0
*
*
8
1
5
6
5
0
5
0
0
*
*
9
8
0
7
8
5
5
0
0
*
*
C

k
i
m

s
o

g
i
n

d
i

v
n
g

s
u
t
4
9
0
3
9
0
2
0
0
C
h

k
i
m

s
o

g
i
n

d
i
4
5
0
3
6
0
2
0
0
A
-
V
A
-
V
I
A
-
V
I
I
A
-
I
I
I
B
*
T
r
o
n
g

k
h
u
n
g

t
h
p

h
n
,

i

v
i

c
t

t
h
a
i

d
n
g

t
h
p

n
h
m

C
I
I
I
,

A
-
I
I
I

c
n
g

k
n
h

n
h
n

1
/
3

n
g

k
n
h

c
t

t
h
p

d
c

t
h

g
i

t
r

R
s
w

=

2
5
5

M
P
a
.
*
*
C
c
g
i
t
r
R
s
c
n
u
t
r
c
l
y
c
h
o
k
t
c
u
l
m
t
n
g
n
n
g
,
b
n
g
h
t
n
h
,
b
n
g
n
h
k
h
i
k
n
t
r
o
n
g
t
n
h
t
o
n
c
c
t
i
t
r
n
g
l
y
t
h
e
o
m
c
2
a
t
r
o
n
g
p
h
c
4
;
k
h
i
k
n
c
c
t
i
t
r
n
g
l
y
t
h
e
o
m
c
2
b
t
r
o
n
g
p
h
c
4
t
h
g
i
t
r
R
s
c
=
4
0
0
M
P
a
.
i
v
i
k
t
c
u
b
n
g
t
o
n
g

v
n
g

r
n
g
,

t
r
o
n
g

m
i

t
r
n
g

h
p

l
y

R
s
c

=
4
0
0
M
P
a
N
h
m

t
h
p

t
h
a
n
h
C
n
g

c
h
u

k
o
,

M
P
a
C
n
g

c
h
u

n
n

R
s
c
C
I
,

A
-
I
C
I
I
,

A
-
I
I
C
I
V
,

A
-
I
V
0 - PH LC Trang205

Ph lc 5 . Mun n hi ca mt s loi ct thp

Ph lc 6. Cng tiu chun ca btng nng r
bn
, r
btn
v cng
tnh ton ca btng nng khi tnh theo trng thi gii hn th hai
r
b,sen
r
bt,ser
(mpa)

Ph lc 7. Cng tnh ton btng nng r
b
, r
bt
, r
bt
khi tnh theo
trng thi gii hn th nht (mpa)

Nhm ct thp E
s
. 10
-4
, MPa
CI, A-I, CII, A-II 21
CIII, A-III 20
CIV, A-IV, A-V v A-II 19
A-III 18
B-II, Bp-II 20
K-7, K-19 18
Bp-I 17
B12,5 B15 B20 B25 B30 B35 B40 B45 B50 B55 B60
Nn dc trc
R
bn
, R
b,ser
9,5 11,0 15,0 18,5 22,0 25,5 29,0 32,0 36,0 39,5 43,0
Ko dc trc
R
btn
R
bt, ser
1,0 1,15 1,40 1,60 1,80 1,95 2,10 2,20 2,30 2,40 2,50
Trng thi
Cp bn chu nn ca btng
B12,5 B15 B20 B25 B30 B35 B40 B45 B50 B55 B60
Nn dc
trc R
b
7,5 8,5 11,5 14,5 17,0 19,5 22,0 25,0 27,5 30,0 33,0
Ko dc
trc R
bt
0,66 0,75 0,90 1,05 1,20 1,30 1,40 1,45 1,55 1,60 1,65
Trng
thi
0 - PH LC Trang206

Ph lc 8. Mun n hi ca btng nng (e
b
x 10
-3
)

Ph lc 9.
Ti trng s dng tiu chun phn b u trn sn v cu thang

B121,5 B15 B20 B25 B30 B35 B40 B45 B50 B55 B60
ng rn t nhin 21 23 27 30 32,5 34,5 36 37,5 39 39,5 40
Dng h nhit
p sut kh quyn
19 20,5 24 27 29 31 32,5 34 35 35,5 36
Chng p 16 17 20 22,5 24,5 26 27 28 29 29,5 30
Ton
phn
Phn
di hn
1 Phng ng a) Khch sn, bnh vin, tri giam 200 70
b) Nh kiu cn h, nh tr, mu gio,
trng hc ni tr, nh ngh, nh iu
dng
150 30
2 a) Nh kiu cn h 150 30
b) Nh tr, mu gio, trng hc, nh ngh,
nh iu dng, khch sn, bnh vin, tr
s c quan
200 70
3 Bp, phng git a) Nh kiu cn h 150 30
b) Nh tr, mu gio, trng hc, nh ngh,
nh iu dng, khch sn, tri giam, nh
my
300 100
4
Vn phng, phng
th nghim
Tr s c quan, trng hc, bnh vin,
ngn
hng, c s nghin cu khoa hc
300 100
5 Phng c sch a) C gi t sch 400 150
b) Khng t gi sch 200 70
6 Nh hng a) n ung, gii kht 300 100
b) Trin lm, trng by, ca hng 400 140
7 a) C gn gh c nh 400 140
b) Khng c gn gh c nh 500 180
8 Sn khu 750 270
TT Loi phng Loi nh v cng trnh
Phng n, phng
khch, bung v sinh, phng
tm
Phng hp, khiu v, phng i,
phng khn gi, ha nhc, khn
i, phng th thao
Ti trng tiu chun
(kG/m
2
)
0 - PH LC Trang207


9 Kho nh Ti trng cho 1m chiu cao vt liu cht kho:
a) Kho sch lu tr (sch hoc ti liu xp
dy c)
480/1m 480/1m
b) Kho sch cc th vin 240/1m 240/1m
c) Kho giy 400/1m 400/1m
d) Kho lnh 500/1m 500/1m
e) Cc loi kho khc 240/1m 240/1m
10 Phng hc Trng hc 200 70
11 Phng p mi Cc loi nh 70 -
12 Ban cng v lgia 400 140
200 70
13 300 100
b) Phng c, nh hng, phng hi hp,
khiu v, phng i, phng khn gi, phng
ha nhc, phng th thao, kho, ban cng,
lgia
400 140
14
Mi bng c s dng
a) Phn mi c th tp trung ng ngi (i
ra t cc phng sn xut, ging ng, cc
phng ln)
500 180
b) Phn mi dng ngh ngi 150 50
c) Cc phn khc 50 -
15 a) Mi ngi, fibr, xi mng, mi tn, trn
vi
rm, trn b tng ti ch khng c
ngi i li, ch c ngi sa cha, cha k
cc thit b in nc, thng hi nu c
30 -
b) Mi bng, mi dc bng BTCT, mng
nc mi ht, trn BTCT lp ghp khng
c ngi i li, ch c ngi sa cha, cha
k cc thit b in nc, thng hi nu c
75 -
16 Sn nh ga, bn tu in ngm 400 140
17 Gara t 500 180
a) Ti trng phn b u tng di trn din
tch rng 0.8m dc theo lan can, ban cng,
lgia
ng cho xe chy, dc ln xung dng
cho
xe con, xe khch v xe ti nh c tng cng
Mi khng s dng
b) Ti trng phn b u trn ton b din
tch ban cng, lgia c xt n nu tc
dng ca n bt li hn khi ly theo mc a
a) Phng ng, vn phng, phng th
nghim,
bp, phng git, phng v sinh, phng k
thut
Snh, phng gii lao, cu thang,
hnh lang thng vi cc phng
0 - PH LC Trang208

Cc gi tr ca h s vt ti i vi ti trng thng ng
d) H s vt ti i vi cc ti trng do trng lng kt cu xy dng v t
ly theo bng sau

e) H s vt ti i vi ti trng phn b u trn sn v cu thang
1.3 khi ti trng tiu chun < 200 kG/m
2
;1.2 khi ti trng tiu chun 200 kG/m
2

Cc quy nh v gii ti trng s dng khi tnh ton sn, dm, ct
a) Khi tnh dm chnh, dm ph, bn sn, ct v mng, ti trng s dng ton
phn c php gim nh sau
Nhn vi h s
1
1
0.6
0.4
A
A A

khi A > A
1
= 9 m
2
, vi A l din tch chu ti.
Nhn vi h s
2
2
0.5
0.5
A
A A

khi A > A
2
= 36 m
2
, vi A l din tch chu ti.
b) Khi xc nh lc dc tnh ct, tng v mng chu ti trng t hai sn tr
ln, gi tr ti trng s dng ton phn c php gim nh sau
Nhn vi h s
1
1
0.4
0.4
A
n
n
khi A > A
1
= 9 m
2
.
Nhn vi h s
2
2
0.5
0.5
A
n
n
khi A > A
2
= 36 m
2
.Trong : n s sn t
ti trn tit din ang xt cn phi k n khi tnh ton ti trng.
TT Cc kt cu v t
H s
vt ti
1 Thp 1.05
2
B tng c khi lng th tch ln hn 1600 kG/m
3
1.1
B tng ct thp, gch , gch c ct thp, g
3 B tng c khi lng th tch khng ln hn 1600 kG/m3,
cc vt liu ngn cch, cc lp trt v hon thin (tm, v,
cc vt liu cun, lp ph, lp va lt) ty theo iu kin
sn xut:
Trong nh my 1.2
cng trng 1.3
4 t nguyn th 1.1
5 t p 1.15
0 - PH LC Trang209

Ph lc 10.
Phn vng p lc gi theo a danh hnh chnh

Vng a danh Vng
I.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.B
II.B
I.A
II.B
I.A
II.B
I.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
III.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
Huyn Long M
Huyn Thng Nng
Huyn Tr Lnh
Huyn Trng Khnh
11. Cn Th:
Thnh ph Cn Th
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Ph Lng
Huyn V Nhai
7.Bn Tre
Th x Bn Tre
Huyn Qung Ho
Huyn Thch An
Huyn i T
Huyn nh Ho
Huyn ng H
Huyn N R
Huyn Ph Yn
Huyn Ph Bnh
6.Bc Thi
Thnh ph Thi Nguyn
Th X Bc Cn
Th x Sng Cng
Huyn CH n
Huyn Bch Thng
5. B Ra Vng Tu
Thnh ph Vng Tu
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Cn o
Huyn Long t
Huyn Xuyn Mc
Huyn Ch Mi
Huyn Ph Tn
Huyn Tn Chu
Huyn Tnh Bin
Huyn Thoi Sn
Huyn Tri Tn
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
IV.B
V.B
IV.B
III.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
II.A
II.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.A
8.Bnh nh
Huyn Bnh i
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Ch Lch
Huyn Ging Trm
Huyn M cy
Huyn Thanh Ph
Huyn Vnh Bo
4.An Giang
Th x Long Xuyn
Th x Chu c
Huyn An Ph
Huyn Ba Chi
Huyn An Lo
Huyn Ct Hi
Huyn o Bch Long V
Huyn Kin Thy
Huyn Thu Nguyn
Huyn Tin Lng
Huyn Th c
3.Thnh Ph Hi Phng
Ni Thnh
Th X Sn
Th X Kin An
Huyn An Hi
Ni thnh
Huyn Bnh Chnh
Huyn Cn Gi
Huyn C Chi
Huyn Hc Mn
Huyn Nh B
Huyn ng Anh
Huyn Gia Lm
Huyn Sc Sn
Huyn Thanh Tr
Huyn T Lim
2. Thnh ph H Ch Minh
1. Th H Ni:
Ni thnh
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Chu Ph
a danh
0 - PH LC Trang210


I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.B
II.B
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A(II.A)
II.A
I.A
II.B
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.A(I.A)
II.A
I.A
II.A
I.A
Huyn V Xuyn
Huyn X Mn
Huyn Yn Minh
Huyn Bc M
Huyn Bc Quang
Huyn ng Vn
Huyn Hng Su Ph
Huyn Mo Vc
Huyn Qun B
Huyn Vit Yn
Huyn Yn Dng
Huyn Yn Phong
Huyn Yn Th
17. H Giang:
Th x H Giang
Thnh ph Bin Ho
Th X Vnh An
Huyn nh Qun
Huyn Long Khnh
Huyn Long Thnh
Huyn Tn Ph
Huyn Krng Nng
Huyn Krng N
Huyn Krng Pc
Huyn Pc
Huyn M Drac
13. ng Nai:
Huyn E Ca
Huyn E leo
Huyn E Sp
Huyn Krng Ana
Huyn Krng Bng
Huyn Krng Bc
Th x Bun Ma Thut
Huyn C Git
Huyn C Mga
Huyn c Min
Huyn c Nng
Huyn c Rlp
Huyn Mn
Huyn Phng Hip
Huyn Tht Nt
Huyn V Thanh
12. c Lc:
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
I.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
II.A(I.A)
I.A
II.A
II.A
I.A(II.A)
III.B
II.B(I.A)
III.B
II.B
I.A
III.B
III.B
II.B(I.A)
II.B
III.B
III.B
Huyn Thanh Hng
Huyn Thp Mi
15. Gia Lai:
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Hng Ng
Huyn Lai Vung
Huyn Tam Nng
Huyn Tn Hng
Huyn Thanh Bnh
Huyn Nguyn Bnh
Huyn Thng Nht
Huyn Xun Lc
14. ng Thp
Th x Cao Lnh
Huyn Cao Lnh
Huyn Ba B
Huyn Bo Lc
Huyn H Qung
Huyn H Lang
Huyn Ho An
Huyn Ngn Sn
Huyn Hm Thun Bc
Huyn Ph Qu
Huyn Tnh Linh
Huyn Tuy Phong
10.Cao Bng
Th x Cao Bng
9.Bnh Thun
Th x Phan Thit
Huyn Bc Bnh
Huyn c Linh
Huyn Hm Tn
Huyn Hm Thun Nam
Huyn Ph Ct
Huyn Ph M
Huyn Ty Sn
Huyn Tuy Phc
Huyn Vn Canh
Huyn Vnh Thnh
Thnh ph Quy Nhn
Huyn An Nhn
Huyn An Lo
Huyn Hoi n
Huyn Hoi Nhn
0 - PH LC Trang211


I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
III.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A(II.B)
I.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
III.B(IV.B)
II.B
I.A(II.B)
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
25. Lai Chu
Th x in Bin ph
Th X Lai chu
Huyn in Bin
Huyn ac Giy
Huyn Vnh Thun
Huyn c T
Huyn Kon Plng
Huyn Ngc Hi
Huyn Sa Thy
Huyn Hn t
Huyn Kin Ha
Huyn Ph Quc
Huyn Tn Hip
24. Kon Tum:
Th x Kon Tum
Huyn Hng Khu
Huyn Hng Sn
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Ging Ring
Huyn G Quao
Huyn H Tin
19. H Tnh:
Th x H Tnh
Th x Hng Lnh
Huyn Can Lc
Huyn Cm Xuyn
Huyn c Thk
Huyn Phc Th
Huyn Quc Oai
Huyn Thch tht
Huyn Thanh Oai
Huyn Thng Tn
Huyn ng Ho
Huyn Ba V
Huyn Chng M
Huyn an Phng
Huyn Hoi c
Huyn M c
Huyn Ph Xuyn
18. H Ty:
Th x H ng
Th X Sn Ty
I.A
I.A
II.B
I.A
II.B
II.B
III.B
III.B
III.B
III.B
III.B
III.B
III.B
II.B
II.B
III.B
II.B
II.B
III.B(IV.B)
IV.B
IV.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
I.A
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
Huyn T Lc
21. Ho Bnh:
Th x Ho Bnh
Huyn bc
Huyn Kim Bi
Huyn K Sn
Huyn Kim Thi
Huyn M Vn
Huyn Ch Linh
Huyn Nam Thanh
Huyn Ninh Thanh
Huyn Ph Tin
20. Hi Hng:
Th x Hi Dng
Th x Hng Yn
Huyn Cm bnh
Huyn Chu Giang
Huyn Kim Mn
Huyn Tn Yn
Huyn Tin Sn
Huyn Thun Thnh
Huyn K Anh
Huyn Nghi Xun
Huyn Thch H
Huyn Hip Ho
Huyn Lang Giang
Huyn Lc Nam
Huyn Lc Ngn
Huyn Qu V
Huyn Sn ng
Huyn Krng Pa
Huyn Ma Giang
16. H Bc:
Th x Bc Giang
Th x Bc Ninh
Huyn Gia Lng
Huyn ChPa
Huyn Ch Prng
Huyn Ch S
Huyn c C
Huyn Kbang
Huyn Krng Chro
Th x Ply Cu
Huyn A Dun Pa
Huyn An Kh
0 - PH LC Trang212


I.A
III.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
III.B
III.B
IV.B
III.B
III.B
IV.B
IV.B
II.A
II.A
IV.B
III.B
III.B(IV.B)
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
Thnh ph Vinh
Huyn Anh Sn
Huyn Ngha Hng
Huyn Thanh Lim
Huyn V Bn
Huyn Xun Thu
Huyn Yn
32. Ngh An:
Huyn Bnh Lc
Huyn Duy Tin
Huyn Hi Hu
Huyn Kim Bng
Huyn L Nhn
Huyn Nam Ninh
Huyn Trn Vn Thi
Huyn U Minh
Huyn Vnh Li
31. Nam H:
Thnh ph Nam nh
Th X H Nam
Th x Lng Sn
Huyn m Di
Huyn Gi Rai
Huyn Hng Dn
Huyn Ngc Hin
Huyn Thi Bnh
Huyn a T
Huyn n Dng
Huyn c Trng
Huyn Lc Dng
Huyn Lm H
27. Lng Sn:
26. Lm ng:
Thnh Ph Lt
Huyn Bo Lc
Huyn Ct Tin
Huyn Di Linh
Huyn a Hoai
Huyn Mng Lay
Huyn Mng T
Huyn Phong Th
Huyn Ta Cha
Huyn Tun Gio
Huyn Sn H
II.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
III.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
II.B
II.B
I.A
I.A
II.B
II.B
Huyn Cn Giuc
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Than Uyn
Huyn Vn Bn
29. Long An:
Th x Tn An
Huyn Bn Lc
Huyn Cn c
Huyn Bc H
Huyn Bo Thng
Huyn Bo Yn
Huyn Bt Xt
Huyn Mng Khng
Huyn Sa Pa
Huyn Lc Bnh
Huyn Trng nh
Huyn Vn Lng
Huyn Vn Quan
28. Lo Cai:
Th X Lo Cai
Huyn Bc Sn
Huyn Bnh Gia
Huyn Cao Lc
Huyn Chi Lng
Huyn nh Lp
Huyn Hu Lng
Huyn Ninh Ho
Huyn trng Sa
23. Kin Giang:
Th x Rch Gi
Huyn An Bin
Huyn An Minh
22. Khnh Ho:
Thnh Ph Nha Trang
Huyn Cam Ranh
Huyn Din Khnh
Huyn Khnh Sn
Huyn Khnh Vnh
Huyn Lc Thu
Huyn Lc Sn
Huyn Lng Sn
Huyn Mai Chu
Huyn Tn Lc
Huyn Yn Thu
0 - PH LC Trang213


II.B
II.B
IV.B
II.B
I.A
II.B
III.B
III.B
II.B
III.B
II.B
III.B
II.B
I.A
II.B
II.B
I.A
III.B
I.A
III.B
V.B
II.B
II.B
I.A
II.B
II.B
III.B
I.A
II.B
I.A
I.A
II.B
II.B
III.B
II.B
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
III.B
II.B
III.B
I.A
Th x Ung B
Huyn Ba Ch
Huyn Bnh Liu
Huyn Cm Ph
Huyn ng Triu
Huyn Sn Tnh
Huyn Tr Bng
Huyn T Ngha
39. Qung Ninh:
Th x Cm Ph
Th x Hn Gai
Huyn Bnh Sn
Huyn c Ph
Huyn Minh Long
Huyn M c
Huyn Ngha Hnh
Huyn Sn H
Huyn Tin Phc
Huyn Thng Bnh
Huyn Tr My
38. Qung Ngi:
Th x Qung Ngi
Huyn Ba T
Huyn Hip c
Huyn Hong Sa
Huyn Ho Vang
Huyn Ni Thnh
Huyn Phc Sn
Huyn Qu Sn
Huyn Qu Hp
Huyn Qunh Lu
Huyn Tn K
Huyn in Bn
Huyn Ging
Huyn Hin
Huyn K Sn
Huyn Nam n
Huyn Nghi Lc
Huyn Ngha n
Huyn Qu Phong
Huyn Qu Chu
Huyn Con Cung
Huyn Din Chu
Huyn Lng
Huyn Hng Nguyn
I.A(II.B,III.B)
III.B
II.B
II.B(II.B)
III.B
I.A(III.B)
I.A(II.B,III.B)
I.A
III.B
II.B
III.B
I.A
I.A
III.B
II.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
IV.B
III.B
III.B
III.B
IV.B
IV.B
II.A
II.B
I.A
II.B
IV.B
I.A
II.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
Huyn Minh Ho
Huyn Qung Ninh
Huyn Qung Trch
Huyn Tuyn Ho
37. Qung Nam- Nng:
Huyn Tuy An
Huyn Tuy Ho
36. Qung Bnh:
Th x ng Hi
Huyn B Trch
Huyn L Thu
35. Ph Yn:
Th x Tuy Ho
Huyn ng Xun
Huyn Sng Cu
Huyn Sng Hinh
Huyn Sn Ho
Huyn Tam ip
34. Ninh Thun:
Th x Phan Rang Thp
Huyn Ninh Hi
Huyn Ninh Phc
Huyn Ninh Sn
Th x Ninh Bnh
Th x Tam ip
Huyn Gia Vin
Huyn Hoa L
Huyn Hong Long
Huyn Kim Sn
Th x C Mau
Huyn Ci Nc
Huyn Thanh Chng
Huyn Tng Dng
Huyn Yn Thnh
33. Ninh Bnh:
Huyn Tn Tr
Huyn Thch Ho
Huyn Th Tha
Huyn Vnh Hng
30. Minh Hi:
Th x Bc Liu
Huyn c Ho
Huyn c Hu
Huyn Mc Ho
Huyn Tn Thnh
0 - PH LC Trang214


I.A
I.A
III.B
III.B
III.B
I.A
I.A
IV.B
II.B
IV.B
II.B
III.B
II.B
IV.B
II.B
II.B
III.B
IIIB
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
III.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
IV.B
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
III.B
II.B
IV.B
I.A
I.A
III.B
II.B
Huyn Na Hang
Huyn Sn Dng
Huyn Nh Xun
Huyn Quan Ho
Huyn Qung Xng
Huyn Tnh Gia
Huyn Thch Thnh
Huyn Hm Yn
Huyn Hu Lc
Huyn Hong Ho
Huyn Lang Chnh
Huyn Nga Sn
Huyn Ngc Lc
Huyn Nng Cng
Th X Thanh Ho
Th x Sm Sn
Huyn B Thc
Huyn Cm Thu
Huyn ng Sn
Huyn H Trung
Huyn Qunh Ph
Huyn Thi Thu
Huyn Tin Hi
Huyn V Th
46. Thanh Ho:
Th x Bm Sn
Huyn Trng Bng
45. Thi Bnh:
Th x Thi Bnh
Huyn ng Hng
Huyn Kin Xng
Huyn Hng H
Huyn Bn Cu
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Dng Minh Chu
Huyn G Du
Huyn Ho Thnh
Huyn Tn Chu
Huyn Honh B
Huyn Qung H
Huyn Tin Yn
Huyn Yn Hng
44. Ty Ninh:
Th X Ty Ninh
Huyn Hi Ninh
II.B
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
III.B
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.B
II.B
II.B
I.A
III.B
II.B
III.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
Huyn Triu Yn
Huyn Th Xun
Huyn M|ng La
Huyn Ph Yn
Huyn Qunh Nhai
Huyn Thun Chu
Huyn Sng M
Huyn Yn Chu
Huyn Thun An
43. Sn La:
Th x Sn La
Huyn Bc Yn
Huyn Mai Sn
Huyn Mc Chu
Huyn Bnh Long
Huyn B ng
Huyn ng Ph
Huyn Lc Ninh
Huyn Ph|c Long
Huyn Tn Uyn
Huyn M Xuyn
Huyn Thnh Tr
Huyn Vnh Chu
42. Sng B:
Th x Th Du Mt
Huyn Bn Ct
Huyn Vnh Linh
41. Sc Trng:
Th x Sc Trng
Huyn K Sch
Huyn Long Ph
Huyn M T
Th x Qung Tr
Huyn Cam L
Huyn Gio Linh
Huyn Hi Lng
Huyn H|ng Ho
Huyn Triu Phong
Th x Tam K
Th x Hi An
Huyn Duy Xuyn
Huyn i Lc
40. Qung Tr:
Th x ng H
Thnh ph Nng
0 - PH LC Trang215


Ch thch: Nhng huyn thuc hai hoc ba vng gi (c phn trong ngoc), khi
ly gi tr W
0
thit k cn tham kho kin c quan bin son tiu chun
chn vng cho chnh xc.
Ph lc11. Thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi (TCXD229-1999)
Phm vi p dng: Phng php tnh ton thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi c
trnh by trong mc ny p dng c khi tnh ton cc cng trnh thp, tr, ng
khi, ct in, thit b dng ct, hnh lang bng ti, cc gin gi l thin, cc nh
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
I.A
II.B
II.B
I.A
I.A
II.B
II.A
II.B
I.A
II.B
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
Huyn Trm Tu
Huyn Trn Yn
Huyn Vn Chn
Huyn Vn Yn
Huyn Yn Bnh
Huyn Vnh Lc
Huyn Yn Lp
53. Yn Bi:
Th x Yn Bi
Huyn Lc Yn
Huyn M Cng Chi
Huyn Phong Chu
Huyn Sng Thao
Huyn Tam o
Huyn Tam Thanh
Huyn Thanh Ho
Huyn Thanh Sn
Thnh ph Vit Tr
Th x Ph Th
Th x Vnh Yn
Huyn oan Hng
Huyn M Linh
Huyn Lp Thch
Huyn Long H
Huyn Mang Tht
Huyn Tam Bnh
Huyn Tr n
Huyn Vng Lim
52. Vnh Ph:
Huyn Yn Sn
51. Vnh Long:
Th x Vnh Long
Huyn Bnh Minh
II.A
II.A
I.A
I.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
II.A
III.B
III.B
II.A
II.A
II.A
I.A
II.B
II.B
I.A
III.B
II.B
II.B
II.B
III.B
II.B
Huyn Duyn Hi
Huyn Tiu Cn
Huyn Tr C
50. Tuyn Quang:
Th x Tuyn Quang
Huyn Chim Ho
49. Tr Vinh:
Th x Tr Vinh
Huyn Cang Long
Huyn Cu Ke
Huyn Cu Ngang
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Gai Ly
Huyn Ci B
Huyn Chu Thnh
Huyn Ch Go
Huyn G Cng ng
Huyn G Cng Ty
Huyn Ph Lc
Huyn Ph Vang
Huyn Qung in
48. Tin Giang:
Thnh Ph M Tho
Th X G Cng
Thnh ph Hu
Huyn A Li
Huyn Hng Tr
Huyn Hng Thu
Huyn Nam ng
Huyn Phong in
Huyn Thng Xun
Huyn Triu Sn
Huyn Vnh Lc
47. Tha Thin Hu:
0 - PH LC Trang216

nhiu tng cao hn 40 m thuc nhm I v II, cc khung ngang nh cng nghip mt
tng mt nhp c cao trn 36 m v t s cao trn nhp ln hn 1,5.
Trnh t cc bc tnh ton xc nh thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi nh sau:
1.1 Xc nh xem cng trnh c thuc phm vi phi tnh thnh phn ng
1.2 Thit lp s tnh ton ng lc
Khi k n cc khi lng cht tm thi trn cng trnh trong vic tnh ton ng
lc ti trng gi, cn a vo h s chit gim khi lng.
Bng 1 H s chit gim i vi mt s dng khi lng cht tm thi trn
cng trnh

1.3 Xc nh tn s gii hn f
L
Bng 2 Gi tr gii hn ca tn s dao ng ring f
L
(Hz)

Trong : l gim loga dao ng ca kt cu, ph thuc vo dng kt cu
v vt liu chu lc chnh ca cng trnh.
0.3 - s dng cho cc cng trnh b tng ct thp v gch , k c cc cng
trnh bng khung thp c kt cu bao che.
0.15 - s dng cho cc cng trnh thp, tr thp, ng khi, cc thit b dng ct
c b bng b tng ct thp.
H s chit gim khi lng
0.5
1
Th vin v cc nh cha hng,
cha h s
0.8
Cc cng trnh dn dng khc 0.5
C mc cng 0.3
C mc mm 0
Dng khi lng
Bi cht ng trn mi
Cc vt liu cha cht trong kho, silo, bunke, b cha
Ngi, c trn sn tnh
tng ng phn b u
Cu trc v cu treo cc vt
nng
= 0.3 = 0.15
I 1.1 3.4
II 1.3 4.1
III 1.6 5.0
IV 1.7 5.6
V 1.9 5.9
f
L
(Hz)
Vng p lc gi
0 - PH LC Trang217

1.4 Xc nh tn s v dng dao ng
Xc nh tn s dao ng th nht f
1
(Hz) ca cng trnh
So snh tn s f
1
vi tn s gii hn f
L
:
Nu f
1
> f
L
th gi tr tiu chun thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi ln cc phn ca cng
trnh c xc nh theo mc 3.5
Nu f
1
< f
L
th gi tr tiu chun thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi c xc nh theo
mc 3.6
1.5 Xc nh gi tr tiu chun v gi tr tnh ton thnh phn ng ca ti
trng gi ln cc phn tnh ton ca cng trnh, khi ch k n nh hng
ca xung vn tc gi
1.5.1 Xc nh h s p lc ng v h s tng quan khng gian i vi cc
phn tnh ton ca cng trnh
0.07
( ) 0, 303
10
A
z
z ;
0.09
( ) 0, 486
10
B
z
z ;

0.14
( ) 0, 684
10
C
z
z
Bng 3 H s tng quan khng gian
1
khi xt tng quan vn tc gi theo
chiu cao v b rng n gi, ph thuc vo v

Bng 4 Cc tham s v

5 10 20 40 80 160 350
0.1 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.83 0.76 0.67 0.56
5 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.8 0.73 0.65 0.54
10 0.85 0.84 0.81 0.77 0.71 0.64 0.53
20 0.8 0.78 0.76 0.73 0.68 0.61 0.51
40 0.72 0.72 0.7 0.67 0.63 0.57 0.48
80 0.63 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.56 0.51 0.44
160 0.53 0.53 0.52 0.5 0.47 0.44 0.38
(m)
H s
1
khi bng (m)
Mt phng ta c bn song song
vi b mt tnh ton

zox D H
zoy 0.4L H
xoy D L
0 - PH LC Trang218


1.5.2 Xc nh gi tr tiu chun thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi tc dng
ln cc phntnh ton ca cng trnh, khi ch k n nh hng ca xung
vn tc gi
Gi tr tiu chun thnh phn ng ca p lc gi W
pj
tc dng ln phn th j ca
cng trnh xc nh theo cng thc sau:

pj j j
W W
Trong :
W
pj
p lc, n v tnh ton l daN/m
2
hoc kN/m
2
ty theo n v tnh ton ca
W
j
;
W
j
l gi tr tiu chun thnh phn tnh ca p lc gi, tc dng ln phn th j ca
cng trnh;

j
- l h s p lc ng ca ti trng gi, cao ng vi phn th j ca cng
trnh;
- h s tng quan khng gian p lc ng ca ti trng gi ng vi cc dng dao

ng khc nhau ca cng trnh. Trong cng thc trn, c ly bng
1
. Nu b
mt n gi ca cng trnh c dng ch nht nh hng song song vi cc trc c
bn trong hnh 1 th cc gi tr ca
1
ly theo bng 4, trong cc tham s v
xc nh theo bng 5, gi tr ca ng vi dng dao ng th 2 v th 3 l
2 3
1

0 - PH LC Trang219

Hnh 1 H ta khi xc nh h s tng quan khng gian
1.6 Xc nh gi tr tiu chun thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi ln cc phn
tnh ton ca cng trnh, khi k n tc dng ca c xung vn tc gi v
lc qun tnh ca cng trnh
1.6.1 Cc cng trnh hoc b phn kt cu c tn s dao ng ring c bn th s,
tha mn bt ng thc:

1 s L s
f f f
th cn tnh ton thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi vi s dng dao ng u tin.
1.6.2 Gi tr tiu chun thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi tc dng ln phn th j
ng vi dng dao ng th i xc nh theo cng thc:

j i i ij p ij
W M y
Trong :
W
p(ij)
lc, c n v tnh ton thng ly l daN hoc kN ty theo n v tnh ton
ca W
Fj
trong cng thc tnh h s
i
;
M
j
Khi lng tp trung ca phn cng trnh th j, (t);

i
h s ng lc ng vi dng dao ng th i, khng th nguyn, ph thuc vo
thng s
i
v gim lga ca dao ng:

0
940
i
i
W
f

Trong :
h s tin cy ca ti trng gi, ly bng 1.2;
W
0
gi tr ca p lc gi (N/m
2
);
f
i
tn s dao ng ng ring th I (Hz).

Hnh 2 th xc nh h s ng lc
0 - PH LC Trang220

Ch thch:
ng cong 1 S dng cho cc cng trnh b tng ct thp v gch , k c cc
cng trnh bng khung thp c kt cu bao che ( 0.3)
ng cong 2 S dng cho cc cng trnh thp, tr thp, ng khi, cc thit b
dng ct c b bng b tng ct thp ( 0.15)
y
ij
dch chuyn ngang t i ca trng tm phn cng trnh th j ng vi dng dao
ng ring th i, khng th nguyn;

i
h s c xc nh bng cch chia cng trnh thnh n phn, trong phm vi mi
phn ti trng gi c th coi nh khng i:

1
2
1
n
ij Fj
j
i n
ij j
j
y W
y M

Trong :
W
Fj
Gi tr tiu chun thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi tc dng ln phn th j
ca cng trnh, ng vi cc dng dao ng khc nhau khi ch k n nh hng
ca xung vn tc gi, c th nguyn l lc, c xc nh theo cng thc:

Fj j i j
W W S
Vi S
j
din tch n gi ca phn j ca cng trnh (m
2
).
1.7 Gi tr tnh ton thnh phn ng ca ti trng hoc p lc gi c xc
nh theo cng thc:

tt
W W
Trong :
W
tt
gi tr tnh ton ca ti trng gi hoc p lc gi;
W gi tr tiu chun ca ti trng gi hoc p lc gi;
- h s tin cy i vi ti trng gi, ly bng 1.2;
- h s iu chnh ti trng gi theo thi gian s dng gi nh ca cng trnh xc
nh theo bng 6
Bng 6 H s

Thi gian s
dng gi nh
(nm)
5 10 20 30 40 50
0.61 0.72 0.83 0.91 0.96 1
0 - PH LC Trang221

Ni lc v chuyn v do thnh phn tnh v thnh phn ng ca ti
trng gi

2
1
s
t d
i
i
X X X
Trong :
X momen un (xon), lc ct, lc dc hoc chuyn v;
X
t
momen un (xon), lc ct, lc dc hoc chuyn v do thnh phn tnh ca ti
trng gi gy ra;
X
d
i
momen un (xon), lc ct, lc dc hoc chuyn v do thnh phn ng ca ti
trng gi gy ra khi dao ng dng th i;
s s dng dao ng tnh ton.

0 - PH LC Trang222

Ph lc 12.

THP AI, B TNG B20
T A
2.67
2.59 2.44
2.45
2.35 2.26
2.23
2.1 2.07
2.02
1.89
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.022
0.0
0
.
0
0
2.5 0.1 %
0
.
1
0
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
BIE U O 1
2
.
0
2
.
5
0
.
2
5
0
.
2
0
0
.
5
0
.
0
5
1
.
0
1
.
5
0
.
1
5
r = 1
r = 1
r = 0.8
r = 0.6
r = 0.4
ng cong
tnh ve t n t
0 - PH LC Trang223


AII-B20
THP AII- B30
T A
3.54
3.30
3.40
3.25
3.08 3.04 3.01
2.95 2.79
2.78 2.65
2.76
2.66 2.57
2.52 2.48
2.35
2.31 2.08
2.14 1.96
1.84
1.72
0.0
3.2 3.0 0.2 % 0.5
3
.
6
0
.
1
8
1.5 2.5 2.0 1.0
1
.
0
0
.
0
5
BIE U O 3
2
.
0
0
.
1
0
3
.
0
0
.
1
5
r = 1
r = 1
r = 0.8
r = 0.6
r = 0.4
ng
cong tnh
ve t n t
1.32
1.23
1.15
1.06
0 - PH LC Trang224

AIII-B20

T 3.71 A
3
.
7
5
3.43 3.45
3.15 3.21
2.90 3.00
2.8
0.192
0.083
0.04
0.051
0.0
0.1 %
BIE U O 4
2
.
0
0
.
2
0
3
.
0
0
.
3
0
0
.
1
8
0.5
1
.
0
1.5
0
.
1
0
1.0
r = 1
r = 1
r = 0.8
r = 0.6
r = 0.4
ng
cong tnh
ve t n t
0 - PH LC Trang225


AIII-B30

T A
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.54
3.47 3.42
3.26
3.21
3.18
3.05 3.08
2.85
2.86 2.70
2.54
2.36
0.19
1.6
1.41
1.22
1.03
0.096
0.061
0.043
0.032
0.0
0
.
0
2.5 0.1 %
0
.
4
0
2.0 1.5 1.0
4
.
0
0.5
1
.
0
0
.
1
0
BIE U O 5
2
.
0
0
.
2
0
3
.
0
0
.
3
0
r = 1
r = 1
r = 0.8
r = 0.6
r = 0.4
ng
cong
tnh ve t
n t
0 - TI LIU THAM KHO Trang226

TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Kt cu b tng ct thp (Phn kt cu nh ca), Nguyn nh Cng, Ng Th
Phong, Hunh Chnh Thin, NXB i Hc v Trung Hc Chuyn nghip, 1978.
[2]. Tnh ton v cu to cc b phn nh dn dng, L c Thng, NXB Khoa Hc
v k thut, 1998.
[3]. Kt cu b tng ct thp (Phn kt cu nh ca), Ng Th Phong, L Trn
Cng, Nguyn L Ninh, NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 2002, 2006.
[4]. Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp Quy phm Anh Quc BS8110-1997, Nguyn
Trung Ha, NXB Xy Dng, 2003.
[5]. Kt cu b tng ct thp theo Quy phm Hoa K, Nguyn Trung Ha, NXB Xy
dng, 2003.
[6]. Kt cu chuyn dng b tng ct thp, L Thanh Hun, NXB Xy Dng, 2006.
[7]. Kt cu b tng ct thp (Phn kt cu nh ca), V B Tm, NXB i hc quc
gia TP.HCM, 2007.
[8]. Khung b tng ct thp, L B Hu, NXB Khoa hc k thut, 2007.
[9]. Cu to b tng ct thp, B xy dng,NXB Xy dng, 2004, 2007.
[10]. Hng dn thit k Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp TCXDVN 356-2005,
NXB Xy dng, 2009.
[11]. Phng php xy dng cng trnh trn nn t yu , Hong Vn Tn, NXB Giao
thng vn ti, 2006.
[12]. Nn mng nh cao tng, Nguyn Vn Qung, NXB Khoa hc v k thut,2003.
[13]. Nn mng, V Phn ,Hong Th Thao , NXB i hc quc gia, 2010.
[14]. Nn mng cng trnh, Chu Ngc n, NXB Xy dng, 2008
[15]. Design of reinforce concrete, Baikop Sigalov, 1987.
[16]. Design of concrete structures, Arthur H. Nilson, George Winter, 1991.
[17]. Reinforced concrete design, Kenneth Leet, Dionisio Bernal, 1997.
[18]. Design of modern highrise reinforced concrete structures, Hiroyuki Aoyama,
2001.
[19]. Reinforced concrete and the modernization of American building, E.Slaton, 2001.
[20]. Advanced reinforced concrete design, P.C. Varghese, 2005.
[21]. Reinforced concrete design, S Unnikrishna Pillai, Devdas Menon, 2009.
0 - MC LC Trang227

MC LC
CHNG 1. KT CU KHUNG B TNG CT THP ......................................... 1
1.1 KHI NIM CHUNG ......................................................................................................1
1.1.1 KHE BIN DNG ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.2 KHI NIM NH CAO TNG. ....................................................................................................... 5
1.2 KHUNG B TNG CT THP TON KHI. ................................................................6
1.2.1 H CHU LC KHUNG. .................................................................................................................. 7
1.2.2 S B KCH THC TIT DIN. ................................................................................................ 11
1.2.3 XC NH TI TRNG. ............................................................................................................... 13
1.2.4 CC TRNG HP TI NHP VO M HNH TNH KHUNG ................................................. 17
1.2.5 TNH TON NI LC VI TNG TRNG HP TI TRNG, T HP NI LC. ................. 19
1.2.6 TNH TON TIT DIN B TNG CT THP ............................................................................ 21
1.2.7 TNH THP VCH ........................................................................................................................ 23
1.2.8 KIM TRA CC IU KIN S DNG. ...................................................................................... 30
1.2.9 QUY NH CU TO THP NT KHUNG. ................................................................................. 32
1.3 KHUNG B TNG CT THP LP GHP. ................................................................. 37
1.3.1 S KHUNG LP GHP V NA LP GHP. ....................................................................... 37
1.3.2 CU TO MI NI KHUNG LP GHP V NA LP GHP. .................................................. 40
CHNG 2. KT CU CU THANG ..................................................................... 43
2.1 KHI NIM CHUNG V PHN LOI ......................................................................... 43
2.2 TI TRNG TC DNG. ............................................................................................. 45
2.3 TNH TON CU THANG BN CHU LC. .............................................................. 46
2.3.1 T NH BN THANG ...................................................................................................................... 46
2.3.2 T NH DM THANG ..................................................................................................................... 49
2.4 CU TO THP CU THANG. ................................................................................... 50
2.5 BI TP CU THANG......................................................................................................... 54
CHNG 3. KT CU H NC .......................................................................... 55
3.1 GII THIU CHUNG .................................................................................................... 55
3.1.1 YU CU THIT K ..................................................................................................................... 55
3.1.2 PHN LOI ................................................................................................................................... 55
3.1.3 TI TRNG TC DNG ............................................................................................................... 56
3.2 THIT K B CHA NC TRN MI HNH CH NHT ....................................... 57
3.2.1 CU TO CHUNG ........................................................................................................................ 57
3.2.2 TI TRNG TC NG ............................................................................................................... 58
3.2.3 TNH TON CC B PHN ......................................................................................................... 58
3.3 THIT K B CHA NGM HNH CH NHT ......................................................... 66
3.3.1 TI TRNG TC NG ............................................................................................................... 67
3.3.2 TNH TON CC B PHN B ................................................................................................... 67
3.3.3 KIM TRA Y NI B NGM .................................................................................................. 71
3.4 V D TNH TON ....................................................................................................... 71
CHNG 4. KT CU MNG B TNG CT THP. ........................................ 92
4.1 KHI NIM CHUNG .................................................................................................... 92
4.1.1 CC LOI MNG V PHM VI P DNG. ................................................................................ 92
4.1.2 CHN T HP TNH TON V THIT K MNG. ............................................................. 97
4.1.3 M HNH NN DI CC KT CU MNG ............................................................................. 97
4.1.4 CC PHNG PHP TNH NN MNG ..................................................................................... 99
4.2 CC PHNG PHP THC HNH XC NH H S NN. .................................. 103
0 - MC LC Trang228

4.3 CNG L XO KHI DNG PHN MM TNH TON MNG ............................ 105
4.3.1 L XO DI MNG BNG ....................................................................................................... 106
4.3.2 L XO DI MNG BN (MNG B). .................................................................................... 106
4.3.3 L XO M HNH THAY TH CHO CC (MNG THANG MY) ............................................. 107
4.4 KIM TRA XUYN THNG: ..................................................................................... 108
4.5 TNH TON CT THP CHO MNG. ....................................................................... 110
4.5.1 MNG N................................................................................................................................. 110
4.5.2 MNG BNG ............................................................................................................................. 111
4.5.3 I MNG CC. ....................................................................................................................... 112
4.6 H GING MNG. ..................................................................................................... 114
CHNG 5. KT CU MI B TNG CT THP ........................................... 118
5.1 KHI NIM CHUNG V PHN LOI ....................................................................... 118
5.1.1 MI TON KHI ........................................................................................................................ 119
5.1.2 MI LP GHP ........................................................................................................................... 119
5.2 CC THNH PHN CA H KT CU MI LP GHP......................................... 119
5.2.1 PANEN MI ................................................................................................................................ 119
5.2.2 X G ......................................................................................................................................... 123
5.2.3 DM MI .................................................................................................................................... 123
5.2.4 DN MI ..................................................................................................................................... 129
5.2.5 KT CU KO ...................................................................................................................... 134
5.2.6 VM MI .................................................................................................................................... 136
5.2.7 V D TNH TON ..................................................................................................................... 141
CHNG 6. HNG DN N KHUNG TON KHI ................................ 145
6.1 S TNH. .............................................................................................................. 148
6.1.1 THIT K THEO M HNH KHUNG PHNG NGANG. ............................................................ 148
6.1.2 THIT K THEO M HNH KHUNG KHNG GIAN. ................................................................ 150
6.1.3 CHN VT LIU S DNG ....................................................................................................... 151
6.1.4 S B KCH THC TIT DIN. .............................................................................................. 151
6.2 XC NH TI TRNG ............................................................................................. 153
6.2.1 TNH TI : ................................................................................................................................... 153
6.2.2 HOT TI: .................................................................................................................................. 154
6.2.3 TI TRNG GI: ........................................................................................................................ 155
6.3 CC TRNG HP TI NHP VO M HNH TNH KHUNG .............................. 158
6.4 TNH TON NI LC VI TNG TRNG HP TI TRNG, T HP NI LC
166
6.5 TNH TON TIT DIN B TNG CT THP ......................................................... 167
6.5.1 THP CT : ................................................................................................................................. 167
6.5.2 THP DM : ................................................................................................................................ 167
6.6 KIM TRA CC IU KIN S DNG .................................................................... 167
6.7 NI DUNG PH LC TNH TON ............................................................................ 172
6.7.1 KHUNG KHNG GIAN ............................................................................................................... 174
CC TRNG HP CHT TI LN KHUNG KHNG GIAN ........................................................ 177
KT QU NI LC KHUNG TRC 2 .............................................................................................. 183
(tnh theo m hnh khung khng gian) ............................................................................................................ 183
KT QU TNH THP CT KHUNG B. ........................................................................................... 189
KT QU TNH THP DM KHUNG B. ......................................................................................... 189
6.7.2 KHUNG PHNG TRC 2 ............................................................................................................ 190
CC TRNG HP CHT TI LN KHUNG................................................................................. 192
KT QU NI LC KHUNG TRC 2 .............................................................................................. 196
6.8 TH HIN BN V .................................................................................................... 199
0 - MC LC Trang229

PH LC .................................................................................................................... 200
PH LC 1. TRNG LNG N V MT S LOI VT LIU XY DNG ........................................... 200
PH LC 2. BNG TRA DIN TCH CT THP CA BN ................................................................. 202
PH LC 3. BNG TRA DIN TCH V TRNG LNG CT THP .................................................... 203
PH LC 4. CNG TNH TON CA CT THP THANH KHI TNH THEO TRNG THI GII HN TH
NHT (MPA) ............................................................................................................................ 204
PH LC 5 . MUN N HI CA MT S LOI CT THP .......................................................... 205
PH LC 6. CNG TIU CHUN CA BTNG NNG R
BN
, R
BTN
V CNG TNH TON CA
BTNG NNG KHI TNH THEO TRNG THI GII HN TH HAI R
B,SEN
R
BT,SER
(MPA) ....................... 205
PH LC 7. CNG TNH TON BTNG NNG R
B
, R
BT
, R
BT
KHI TNH THEO TRNG THI GII HN
TH NHT (MPA) ..................................................................................................................... 205
PH LC 8. MUN N HI CA BTNG NNG (E
B
X 10
-3
) ...................................................... 206
PH LC 9. .............................................................................................................................. 206
Ti trng s dng tiu chun phn b u trn sn v cu thang ...................................................................... 206
Cc gi tr ca h s vt ti i vi ti trng thng ng ............................................................................... 208
Cc quy nh v gii ti trng s dng khi tnh ton sn, dm, ct ................................................................... 208
PH LC 10. ............................................................................................................................ 209
Phn vng p lc gi theo a danh hnh chnh ............................................................................................... 209
PH LC11. THNH PHN NG CA TI TRNG GI (TCXD229-1999) ..................................... 215
Ni lc v chuyn v do thnh phn tnh v thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi ................................................. 221
PH LC 12. ............................................................................................................................ 222
TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................... 226
MC LC ................................................................................................................... 227

LÝ THUYẾT BTCT2 - CÔ HẢO.

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LÝ THUYẾT BTCT2 - CÔ HẢO.

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LI NI U

Gio trnh Kt cu btng ct thp phn kt cu nh ca cvit ra trn c

80 0 Thh 8kh kY T0h T00h h0F 8E kh0h 60 h006

= 1.2 x 83 x 0.884 x 0.8 x 1= 70.4 (daN/m)

= 1.2 x 83 x 0.884 x 0.8 x 0.8= 56.35 (daN/m).

= 1.2 x 83 x 0.884 x 0.6 x 0.8= 42.26 (daN/m).

CHNG 4 - KT CU MNG B TNG CT THP. Trang116

- b rng ca cnh chu nn (ch T hoc I)

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