You are on page 1of 50

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC CN TH VIN NGHIN CU V PHT TRIN CNG NGH SINH HC

BI BO CO MN: VIRUS HC I CNG


M S HC PHN: CS 108 VIRUS HC I CNG

Ging Vin: TS Bi Th Minh Diu

Nhm thc hin gm:

SINH VIN THC HIN


V Th Bch Trn V nh Thc Nguyn Th Hng Vn Ng Th Thy Trang Nguyn Vn Thch Hoi Thng L Thy Ngn B1203262 B1203254 B1203267 B1203260 B1203197 B1203167 B1203226

BO CO CHUYN VIRUS HIV

NI DUNG BO CO

I II
III

TM HiU CHUNG CU TO C CH XM NHIM HIV


CON NG LY NHIM, GIAI oN BNH CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR

IV

TI LiU THAM KHO

Hnh nh cc bnh nhn HIV

I. TM HiU CHUNG
1) nh ngha HIV. - HIV (ting Anh: human immunodeficiency virus, c ngha virus suy gim min dch ngi) thuc chi lentivirus v h retrovirus c kh nng gy hi chng suy gim min dch mc phi ADIS

Hnh nh HIV mu xanh lc c qut trn knh hin vi in t Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/

I. TM HiU CHUNG
Retrovirus l loi virus m vt cht di truyn ca chng l phn t RNA. Khi chng xm nhp vo c th th c kh nng thc hin qu trnh phin m ngc nh enzim c bit l enzyme phin m ngc - Reverse Transciptase. DNA sau l kt hp vo gen ca vt ch bi mt enzyme tch hp. Virus ny sau sao chp nh l mt phn ca DNA ca t bo ch.
Ngun: https://lsn.osu.edu

I. TM HiU CHUNG
- AIDS (Ting Anh: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome, c ngha l hi chng suy gim min dch mc phi)

I. TM HiU CHUNG
2) Ngun gc HIV/AIDS c pht hin ln u tin vo nm 1981 v nhanh chng lan rng trn ton cu, tr thnh mt i dch nguy him trong lch s loi ngi. Mt s gi thuyt c t ra: Quan h tnh dc ng gii.
Do virus t bin. Do loi kh chu phi. Phi chng Hitler c lin can?

I. TM HiU CHUNG
3) Thc trng a) Trn Th Gii: Trong hn 30 nm qua, HIV/AIDS khin khong 60 triu ngi trn th gii b ly nhim v tr thnh nguyn nhn gy t vong cho khong 30 triu ngi khc. Hn mt na nhng ngi nhim HIV ang cn sng khng bit tnh trng nhim vi-rt ny ca mnh

I. TM HiU CHUNG
b) Ti Vit Nam Trong 9 thng u nm 2013 c: S ngi nhim l 213.413 S ngi chuyn sang giai on AIDS l 63.373 S ngi t vong v AIDS l 65.133 Mi ngy Vit Nam pht hin 29 ngi nhim HIV.
Ngun:http://www.congan.com.vn/?mod=detnews&catid=942&id=503855

I. TM HiU CHUNG

T l s x, huyn, tnh c ngi nhim HIV trong nm 2012 Ngun: bo co ca S Y T tnh Tin Giang

I. TM HiU CHUNG

Phn b ngi nhim HIV theo nhm tui v theo ng ly trong nm 2012. Ngun: Bo co ca S Y t tnh Tin Giang

I. TM HiU CHUNG
4) Tc hi ca HIV/AIDS nh hng n kinh t nh hng n tm l x hi nh hng nng n n h thng y t Lm gim tui th trung bnh Gy suy gim ni ging

II. CU TO C XM LY NHIM
1) Cu to ca Virus HIV

HIV c c im chung ca h retroviridae. Ht virus hon chnh (virion) c cu trc gm 3 lp: Lp v ngoi Lp v trong Li

II. CU TO C XM LY NHIM

Lp v ngoi (pepton)

Li

Lp v trong (capsid)

II. CU TO C XM LY NHIM
a) Lp v ngoi (v pepton): Lp ny l 1 mng lipid kp c khng nguyn cho vi mng nguyn sinh cht t bo. Gn ln mng ny l cc nh. l cc phn t Glycoprotein c trng lng phn t 160 kilodalton (gp160). * N gm c 2 phn: Glycoprotein mng ngoi Glycoprotein xuyn mng

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
b) Lp v trong: Gm 2 lp - Lp ngoi hnh cu, cu to bi protein c trng lng phn t 17 kDa (P17). - Lp trong hnh tr, cu to bi cc phn t c trng lng phn t l 24 kDa (P24). y l khng nguyn rt quan trng chun on nhim HIV/AIDS.

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
c) Li: L thnh phn bn trong ca v capsid. Bao gm: Gen cu trc ca HIV gm: + Gen Gag (group specific antigen) + Gen Pol (polymerase) + Gen EnV (envelop) Gen iu ho ca HIV gm: + Gen Tat lm tng qu trnh nhn ln ca virus + Gen Nef lm chm qu trnh nhn ln ca virus + Gen Rev iu chnh cc qu trnh nhn ln qua gen Tat v Nef. Ba gen khc nh: Vif, Vpr v Vpu m cc protein tng ng.

II. CU TO C XM LY NHIM c) Li (tt)

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM

Ngun: http://www.yale.edu/bio243/HIV/genome.html

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
- Cc phn t enzym + Enzym RT m nhim vic sao m b gen virus thnh ADN b sung + Enzym protease c vai tr tch cc protein c m ho bi gen Gag Pol thnh cc phn t hot ng. Nn hin nay cc thuc tn dc hin i l tp trung tc ng trn 2 loi enzym ny dit virus HIV l chnh + Integrase l enzym c tc dng gn kt ADN ca virus vo ADN ca t bo vt ch. trong ca virus (v capsit)

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM 2) S xm nhp v tng ln ca virus HIV a) S hp ph ln b mt t bo: HIV bm vo b mt t bo cm th nh s ph hp gia Receptor t bo vi gp120 ca n. Trong a s cc trng hp, cc receptor ny l cc phn t CD4 ca t bo lympho T h tr hoc mt s t bo khc nh bch cu n nhn ln, i thc bo v mt s t bo dng lympho.

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM b) S xm nhp vo t bo: Sau khi bm vo cc receptor ca t bo vt ch, phn t gp41 ca HIV cm su vo mng t bo. Nh genom ca HIV chui vo bn trong ca t bo. V vy giai on ny cn gi l cm neo v ho mng.

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM c) S nhn ln trong t bo: Sao m sm: ARN Reverve transcriptase(RT) ARN-ADN

ARN- ADN ssADN

ARN-ase

ssADN dsADN

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
Tch hp: + dsAND c tch hp vo b gen ca t bo ch + Sau tn 2 dng: Tim n Hot ng Sao m mun: ADN b sung ca HIV c sao m thnh ARN genom v ARN thng tin cho n (mARN) Dch m: Nh mARN c to thnh giai on trn, cc prrotein cn ca HIV c tng hp.

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
Lp rp cc ht virion mi: T cc thnh phn c tng hp, cc ht HIV mi c lp rp bo tng t bo. Gii phng cc ht HIV mi: T cc v tr lp rp cc ht HIV tin gn n mng nguyn sinh cht, cc mng ny ny chi v cc ht HIV c gii phng. Chng tip tc gy nhim cho t bo mi, cn t bo gip chng nhn ln th b tiu dit. HIV l loi virus va sng trong t bo bch cu, va tiu dit loi t bo c sn sinh t ty xng ny lm suy gim h thng min dch ca con ngi

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM Chu trnh nhn ln ca virus HIV

Ngun: trieuchungbenh.com

II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM Qu trnh xm nhim v nhn ln ca virus HIV

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR

1.Cc con ng ly nhim: ng tnh dc ng mu ng t m sang con

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BIN PHP PHNG TRNH IU TR


a. ng tnh dc: Virus HIV c rt nhiu trong mu, trong tinh dch ca ngi ngi nhim, v vy d dn tip nhn v ly truyn bnh khi quan h tnh dc khng an ton vi ngi b nhim. Nu dng ming kch thch c quan sinh dc bn tnh, th nguy c nhim HIV cng rt cao do ming b l, xc hay chy mu rng Giao hp dng vt hu mn d ly HIV nht do khng c cht nhn nh l m o, v vy d b sy st, try xc.

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BIN PHP PHNG TRNH IU TR b. ng mu:


Do tim trch ma tu, dng chung kim tim. Do truyn mu ngi b nhim HIV cho ngi nhn khng b nhim HIV. c. ng t m sang con: C 100 ph n b HIV khi sinh con thi c n 25-30 tr b nhim. HIV ly qua nhau thai, mu v cht dch ** Ngoi ra HIV khng ly truyn qua: Mui t, hn, tip xc thng thng

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


2. Cc giai on bnh Giai on 1: Nhim HIV cp (hay cn gi thi k ca s). Ngi nhim HIV hu nh khng c biu hin g hoc ch c t nhng triu chng thng thng ging nh cm cm Giai on ny thng ko di t 2 tun n 3 thng, i khi ti 6 thng. u giai on ny xt nghim HIV c th cho kt qu m tnh. Giai on 2 : Khng c triu chng, c th ko di nhiu nm, trung bnh l t 8-10 nm v c th ko di lu hn

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR Giai on 3: l AIDS, y chnh l giai on cui ca HIV trong c th, vi mt s triu chng bn ngoi. Giai on ny thng ko di t 6 thng n 2 nm nu khng c iu tr bng thuc khng virus th s kt thc bng vic t vong.

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


3) Cc bin php phng trnh a) Phng nhim HIV/AIDS qua ng tnh dc: Sng lnh mnh, chung thy mt v mt chng, khng quan h tnh dc ba bi. Thc hin tnh dc an ton bo v cho bn thn bng cch s dng bao cao su ng cch.

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


b) Phng nhim HIV/AIDS ly qua ng mu:

Khng tim chch ma ty.

Ngun: Tiin.vn

Trnh tip xc trc tip vi cc dch c th ca ngi nhim HIV

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR Ch s dng bm kim tim v trng. Khng dng chung bm kim tim. S dng dng c tit trng khi phu thut, xm, x l, chm cu... Ch truyn mu v cc ch phm mu khi tht cn thit, v ch nhn mu v cc ch phm mu xt nghim HIV. Dng ring dng c nhn: dao co, bn chi rng, bm mng tay,...

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


c) Phng nhim HIV/AIDS ly truyn t m sang con:

Ngi ph n b nhim HIV th khng nn c thai v t l ly truyn HIV sang con l 30%. Trng hp mun sinh con, cn n c s y t c t vn v cch phng ly nhim HIV cho con. Sau khi sinh nu c iu kin th nn cho tr dng sa b thay th sa m.

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR

4) Phng php iu tr Hin ti cha c vaccine c tr no phng nga ly nhim HIV, v cng khng c mt liu php no c th loi b hon ton virus HIV ra khi c th. Tuy nhin c 1 s phng php iu tr ko di s sng nh:

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


a) iu tr phi nhim Khi c nguy c ly nhim khi b try xc gy chy mu hay b dch tit,gim phi kim tim hay quan h tnh dc khng an toncch iu tr tt nht l ung thuc phi nhim HIV v theo di ti bnh vin chng hn vin Paster (Nha Trang) hay bnh vin a khoa Tnh,thi gian iu tr tt nht l ngay t nhng gi u tin (2-3 gi sau tai nn) v mun nht khng qu 7 ngy.

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


b) iu tr phng nga ly nhim t m sang con: Nu pht hin sm lc mang thai, ngi m s c iu tr vi hai loi thuc Zidovudine (AZT)/Lamivudine (3TC) t tun th 34 ca thai k. Cch iu tr ny s gim t l ly truyn t m sang con t 30% xung cn 3 5% . Nu pht hin mun lc sanh, thai ph s c ung mt liu Nevirapine duy nht, mun nht l 4 gi trc khi sanh s gim t l ly truyn xung cn 10 13%. c) iu tr h tr

Khng dng thuc m bng cc bin php h tr nh dinh dng, th dc, li sng lnh mnh ... p dng cho ngi nhim HIV giai on u.

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


d) iu tr nhim trng c hi: Vo giai on cn AIDS,ty theo loi nhim trng c hi nh nm,st,tiu chy,lao,vim phi... ngi bnh s c iu tr ti cc chuyn khoa nh lao, da liu ... e) iu tr cho tr em c HIV: Tr c HIV c c suy gim min dch theo phn loi 2, 3 (phn loi da vo lympho CD4) Tr sinh ra t m c HIV(+) trong 6 tun sau khi sinh, trong khi ch lm chn on xc nh i vi tr t 0-6 tun tui dng siro Zidovudine. Hoc phi hp thuc thuc dnh cho tr di 13 tui.

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


I

f) iu tr c hiu HIV/AIDS: p dng cho bnh nhn nhim trng c hi hoc c s lng lympho bo CD4<200/mm3 . Ngi bnh c s dng cc loi thuc phi hp khng virus nh: Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT), Didanosine(ddI), Lamivudine (3TC) ... theo phc iu tr.Loi iu tr ny tuy khng tr ht bnh, nhng hn ch s pht trin ca HIV, gip ngi bnh ko di tui th, ci thin cht lng sng cho ngi bnhv gim ly lan cho cng ng...

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR Liu php tc thi

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR Hin nay Vit Nam ang th im sng kin 2.0 (l sng kin ton cu do Chng trnh phi hp ca Lin Hip Quc (UNAIDS) v WHO xy dng) ti 2 a phng l Cn Th v in Bin. M ra mt hng i mi trong phng v iu tr HIV/AIDS nc ta

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


5) Cc cng trnh nghin cu v HIV/AIDS Phng php ghp ty xng v ngi u tin c cha khi HIV/AIDS

Timothy Ray Brown ngi u tin c cha khi bnh AIDS Ngun: http://congdong.cz/

Ngun: http://dantri.com.vn/

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR

Tm ra cch chn virus HIV pht trin thnh AIDS Kh nng iu tr HIV/AIDS bng liu php gen. Kh nng iu tr HIV bng tia phng x Tm ra loi nm c cho l c th cha bnh ung th, HIV/AIDS B gi nhim HIV c cha khi Trung Quc cng b t ph trong nghin cu cha tr HIV/AIDS

III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR


Bc u tm ra c ch nghin cu Vc-xin phng chng HIV

http://giaoduc.net.vn/

IV. TI LiU THAM KHO


http://www.tinmoi.vn/Thong-tin-tham-khaove-HIV-AIDS-011109984.html http://forum.hiv.com.vn/ http://www.diendanhiv.vn/ http://bacsytructuyen.com/diendan/box/85-clbdanh-cho-nhung-nguoi-nhiem-hiv-aids/ http://giaoduc.net.vn/ http://kienthucgioitinh.org/ http://tiengchuong.vn/

BO CO N Y L HT!

NHM THC HIN XIN CHN THNH CM N C V CC BN QUAN TM THEO DI!

You might also like