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I. TM HiU CHUNG
1) nh ngha HIV. - HIV (ting Anh: human immunodeficiency virus, c ngha virus suy gim min dch ngi) thuc chi lentivirus v h retrovirus c kh nng gy hi chng suy gim min dch mc phi ADIS
I. TM HiU CHUNG
Retrovirus l loi virus m vt cht di truyn ca chng l phn t RNA. Khi chng xm nhp vo c th th c kh nng thc hin qu trnh phin m ngc nh enzim c bit l enzyme phin m ngc - Reverse Transciptase. DNA sau l kt hp vo gen ca vt ch bi mt enzyme tch hp. Virus ny sau sao chp nh l mt phn ca DNA ca t bo ch.
Ngun: https://lsn.osu.edu
I. TM HiU CHUNG
- AIDS (Ting Anh: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome, c ngha l hi chng suy gim min dch mc phi)
I. TM HiU CHUNG
2) Ngun gc HIV/AIDS c pht hin ln u tin vo nm 1981 v nhanh chng lan rng trn ton cu, tr thnh mt i dch nguy him trong lch s loi ngi. Mt s gi thuyt c t ra: Quan h tnh dc ng gii.
Do virus t bin. Do loi kh chu phi. Phi chng Hitler c lin can?
I. TM HiU CHUNG
3) Thc trng a) Trn Th Gii: Trong hn 30 nm qua, HIV/AIDS khin khong 60 triu ngi trn th gii b ly nhim v tr thnh nguyn nhn gy t vong cho khong 30 triu ngi khc. Hn mt na nhng ngi nhim HIV ang cn sng khng bit tnh trng nhim vi-rt ny ca mnh
I. TM HiU CHUNG
b) Ti Vit Nam Trong 9 thng u nm 2013 c: S ngi nhim l 213.413 S ngi chuyn sang giai on AIDS l 63.373 S ngi t vong v AIDS l 65.133 Mi ngy Vit Nam pht hin 29 ngi nhim HIV.
Ngun:http://www.congan.com.vn/?mod=detnews&catid=942&id=503855
I. TM HiU CHUNG
T l s x, huyn, tnh c ngi nhim HIV trong nm 2012 Ngun: bo co ca S Y T tnh Tin Giang
I. TM HiU CHUNG
Phn b ngi nhim HIV theo nhm tui v theo ng ly trong nm 2012. Ngun: Bo co ca S Y t tnh Tin Giang
I. TM HiU CHUNG
4) Tc hi ca HIV/AIDS nh hng n kinh t nh hng n tm l x hi nh hng nng n n h thng y t Lm gim tui th trung bnh Gy suy gim ni ging
II. CU TO C XM LY NHIM
1) Cu to ca Virus HIV
HIV c c im chung ca h retroviridae. Ht virus hon chnh (virion) c cu trc gm 3 lp: Lp v ngoi Lp v trong Li
II. CU TO C XM LY NHIM
Lp v ngoi (pepton)
Li
Lp v trong (capsid)
II. CU TO C XM LY NHIM
a) Lp v ngoi (v pepton): Lp ny l 1 mng lipid kp c khng nguyn cho vi mng nguyn sinh cht t bo. Gn ln mng ny l cc nh. l cc phn t Glycoprotein c trng lng phn t 160 kilodalton (gp160). * N gm c 2 phn: Glycoprotein mng ngoi Glycoprotein xuyn mng
II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
b) Lp v trong: Gm 2 lp - Lp ngoi hnh cu, cu to bi protein c trng lng phn t 17 kDa (P17). - Lp trong hnh tr, cu to bi cc phn t c trng lng phn t l 24 kDa (P24). y l khng nguyn rt quan trng chun on nhim HIV/AIDS.
II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
c) Li: L thnh phn bn trong ca v capsid. Bao gm: Gen cu trc ca HIV gm: + Gen Gag (group specific antigen) + Gen Pol (polymerase) + Gen EnV (envelop) Gen iu ho ca HIV gm: + Gen Tat lm tng qu trnh nhn ln ca virus + Gen Nef lm chm qu trnh nhn ln ca virus + Gen Rev iu chnh cc qu trnh nhn ln qua gen Tat v Nef. Ba gen khc nh: Vif, Vpr v Vpu m cc protein tng ng.
II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
Ngun: http://www.yale.edu/bio243/HIV/genome.html
II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
- Cc phn t enzym + Enzym RT m nhim vic sao m b gen virus thnh ADN b sung + Enzym protease c vai tr tch cc protein c m ho bi gen Gag Pol thnh cc phn t hot ng. Nn hin nay cc thuc tn dc hin i l tp trung tc ng trn 2 loi enzym ny dit virus HIV l chnh + Integrase l enzym c tc dng gn kt ADN ca virus vo ADN ca t bo vt ch. trong ca virus (v capsit)
II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM 2) S xm nhp v tng ln ca virus HIV a) S hp ph ln b mt t bo: HIV bm vo b mt t bo cm th nh s ph hp gia Receptor t bo vi gp120 ca n. Trong a s cc trng hp, cc receptor ny l cc phn t CD4 ca t bo lympho T h tr hoc mt s t bo khc nh bch cu n nhn ln, i thc bo v mt s t bo dng lympho.
II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM b) S xm nhp vo t bo: Sau khi bm vo cc receptor ca t bo vt ch, phn t gp41 ca HIV cm su vo mng t bo. Nh genom ca HIV chui vo bn trong ca t bo. V vy giai on ny cn gi l cm neo v ho mng.
II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM c) S nhn ln trong t bo: Sao m sm: ARN Reverve transcriptase(RT) ARN-ADN
ARN-ase
ssADN dsADN
II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
Tch hp: + dsAND c tch hp vo b gen ca t bo ch + Sau tn 2 dng: Tim n Hot ng Sao m mun: ADN b sung ca HIV c sao m thnh ARN genom v ARN thng tin cho n (mARN) Dch m: Nh mARN c to thnh giai on trn, cc prrotein cn ca HIV c tng hp.
II. CU TO C CH XM NHIM
Lp rp cc ht virion mi: T cc thnh phn c tng hp, cc ht HIV mi c lp rp bo tng t bo. Gii phng cc ht HIV mi: T cc v tr lp rp cc ht HIV tin gn n mng nguyn sinh cht, cc mng ny ny chi v cc ht HIV c gii phng. Chng tip tc gy nhim cho t bo mi, cn t bo gip chng nhn ln th b tiu dit. HIV l loi virus va sng trong t bo bch cu, va tiu dit loi t bo c sn sinh t ty xng ny lm suy gim h thng min dch ca con ngi
Ngun: trieuchungbenh.com
III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR Giai on 3: l AIDS, y chnh l giai on cui ca HIV trong c th, vi mt s triu chng bn ngoi. Giai on ny thng ko di t 6 thng n 2 nm nu khng c iu tr bng thuc khng virus th s kt thc bng vic t vong.
Ngun: Tiin.vn
III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR Ch s dng bm kim tim v trng. Khng dng chung bm kim tim. S dng dng c tit trng khi phu thut, xm, x l, chm cu... Ch truyn mu v cc ch phm mu khi tht cn thit, v ch nhn mu v cc ch phm mu xt nghim HIV. Dng ring dng c nhn: dao co, bn chi rng, bm mng tay,...
Ngi ph n b nhim HIV th khng nn c thai v t l ly truyn HIV sang con l 30%. Trng hp mun sinh con, cn n c s y t c t vn v cch phng ly nhim HIV cho con. Sau khi sinh nu c iu kin th nn cho tr dng sa b thay th sa m.
4) Phng php iu tr Hin ti cha c vaccine c tr no phng nga ly nhim HIV, v cng khng c mt liu php no c th loi b hon ton virus HIV ra khi c th. Tuy nhin c 1 s phng php iu tr ko di s sng nh:
Khng dng thuc m bng cc bin php h tr nh dinh dng, th dc, li sng lnh mnh ... p dng cho ngi nhim HIV giai on u.
f) iu tr c hiu HIV/AIDS: p dng cho bnh nhn nhim trng c hi hoc c s lng lympho bo CD4<200/mm3 . Ngi bnh c s dng cc loi thuc phi hp khng virus nh: Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT), Didanosine(ddI), Lamivudine (3TC) ... theo phc iu tr.Loi iu tr ny tuy khng tr ht bnh, nhng hn ch s pht trin ca HIV, gip ngi bnh ko di tui th, ci thin cht lng sng cho ngi bnhv gim ly lan cho cng ng...
III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR Liu php tc thi
III. CON NG LY NHIM, CC BiN PHP PHNG TRNH iU TR Hin nay Vit Nam ang th im sng kin 2.0 (l sng kin ton cu do Chng trnh phi hp ca Lin Hip Quc (UNAIDS) v WHO xy dng) ti 2 a phng l Cn Th v in Bin. M ra mt hng i mi trong phng v iu tr HIV/AIDS nc ta
Timothy Ray Brown ngi u tin c cha khi bnh AIDS Ngun: http://congdong.cz/
Ngun: http://dantri.com.vn/
Tm ra cch chn virus HIV pht trin thnh AIDS Kh nng iu tr HIV/AIDS bng liu php gen. Kh nng iu tr HIV bng tia phng x Tm ra loi nm c cho l c th cha bnh ung th, HIV/AIDS B gi nhim HIV c cha khi Trung Quc cng b t ph trong nghin cu cha tr HIV/AIDS
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