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- Nh trng nm s c th thit k theo kiu nh ch A (hnh 2.3) hoc nh vm (hnh 2.4);

Hnh 2.3. Nh trng kiu ch A - Trong nh trng c cc gin k hoc dy treo cc ti nm.

Hnh 2.4. Nh trng kiu nh vm

Hnh 2.5. Gin dy treo ti nm 1.3. Kh trng, v sinh ln tri 1.3.1. Kh trng bng nc vi * Bc 1. Chun b ho cht, dng c dng trong kh trng - Ho cht: vi sng c hm CaO >60%

Hnh 2.6. Vi sng - Dng c: thau nha, thng pha nc vi, ca nha, bnh ti, que khuy, co st, xng, chi qut, cn ng h.

Hnh 2.7. Thau nha, thng nha

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- Bo h lao ng: khu trang, gng tay su, ng

Hnh 2.8. Gng tay cao su, ng * Bc 2. Pha nc vi - Mang bo h lao ng. - Cn 4 - 5kg vi bt cho vo 100 lt nc sch. - Khuy u dung dch nc vi bng que khuy, cho vi ho tan hon ton trong dung dch, mu nc vi trng u. Hnh 2.9. Pha nc vi * Bc 3. Kh trng - Mang bo h lao ng - V sinh sch s ln tri nui trng nm bng chi, co st - Dng bnh ti ti nc vi khp trn nn nh, gin k trong ln tri nui trng nm. - Dng chi thm nc vi qut ln tng nh. Hnh 2.10.Kh trng nh nui trng nm bng nc vi 1.3.2. Kh trng bng vi bt * Bc 1. Chun b ho cht, dng c dng kh trng - Ho cht: vi sng yu cu c hm lng CaO > 60%. - Dng c: co st, xng, chi. - Bo h lao ng: gng tay su, khu trang, ng Hnh 2.11. Vi bt

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* Bc 2. Kh trng - Dng chi, co st, xng thu dn sch s cc vt dng, rc thi, cht b bi rm trong v xung quanh ln tri. - Mang gng tay xc vi bt ri u trn nn nh, xung quanh tng, cc gin k trong ln tri trng nm. - i khong 2 3 ngy mi chuyn cc ti nm vo. Hnh 2.12. Ri vi bt kh trng nh trng nm 2. Thit b thanh trng gi th - Ni hp dng kh trng gi th trng nm theo phng php th cng da trn nguyn tc dng hi nc lu thng iu kin p sut thng. - Ni hp c lm bng tn hoc st tm, bn trong t v lt thng bng g hoc tre ti gi th, c th s dng thng phuy . - V lt c l hi nc bc ln nhng bo m ti gi th khng lt xung nc. Tm v lt di cng cch y thng khong 20 - 25cm.

Hnh 2.13. Ni hp th cng

1. ng khi 2. Bao b 3. Thng cha ti nm 4. ng tip nc 5. B l 6. Ca l 7. Ca khu tro

- Nhng c s sn xut ln c th trang b thit b ni hp kh trng c p sut cao (hnh 2.14). Ni hp c thn hnh tr, y v np hnh chm cu. Np ni c cc cht ghp cht vi thn, di y c lp ng phun hi nng thanh trng. - Bn trong ni c gi t gi ng ti nm, c loi ch c 1 gi hoc 2 gi.

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Hnh 2.14. Ni hp p sut cao 3. Dng c s dng trng nm s 3.1. Dng c cy ging - Bnh tam gic: dng ng cn kh trng trong qu trnh cy.

Hnh 2.15. Bnh tam gic ng b dng c cy ging nm - Que cy: thng dng que cy u bp c lm bng inox. - Panh kp, n cn, bng hp v trng

(a) Hnh 2.16.Que cy v panh kp (a): que cy ; (b): panh kp

(b)

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Hnh 2.17.n cn 3.2. Dng c o dng trng nm s a. Giy o pH - Giy o pH dng kim tra pH ca nc v nc vi.

Hnh 2.18. Giy o pH - Cch s dng giy o pH: + Ly 1 mu giy o pH + Nhng mu giy o pH vo nc hoc nc vi khi pha ch, mu giy pH s i mu. + Ly mu giy pH ra so mu vi bng mu pH nh km c kt qu. b. Nhit k - Nhit k dng o nhit trong ng nguyn liu, nhit m nm v theo di nhit phng. - C 2 loi nhit k ph bin l nhit k ru v nhit k thu ngn. - Cch s dng nhit k: + Cm nhit k vo ng nguyn liu hoc m nm sao cho ngp bu cha thu ngn (hoc bu cha ru), yn khong 15 giy. + c nhit ti vch thu ngn dng ln c mu trng hoc vch mu (nu s dng nhit k ru).

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Hnh 2.19. Nhit k ru

Hnh 2.20. Nhit k thu ngn

c. m k - C 2 loi m k: + m k ng h: dng o m khng kh ca nh nui si, nh nui trng nm. + m k in t: dng o m ca nguyn liu, m gi th trng nm. - Cch s dng m k: + i vi m k ng h: c kt qu ti vch ch ca kim ng h. + i vi m k in t: cm u in cc vo khi nguyn liu hoc ti gi th, trn mn hnh m k s xut hin s o m.

Hnh 2.21. m k ng h

Hnh 2.22. m k in t

d. Cn ng h - Cn dng cn khi lng nguyn liu, ph gia s dng trong nui trng nm vi t l xc nh, c th s dng cn k thut hoc cn ng h. - Cch s dng cn: + t cn v tr bng phng. + iu chnh cn sao cho kim ng h ch v s 0. + Cho nguyn liu ln bn cn. + c kt qu ti vch ch kim ng h trn mt cn.

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3.3. Dng c dng x l nguyn liu a. B x l nguyn liu - B dng ho nc vi dng cho x l nguyn liu lm gi th nui trng nm. C th xy b bng gch, ximng, ct. Chng ta cng c th lm b bng tn hoc o h t lt nilon cha nc. - Tu theo quy m sn xut m chng ta xy b c th tch ln nh khc nhau v yu cu b xy phi thun tin cho vic x l cng nh h thng cp thot nc. - B thng c kch thc ti thiu: rng: 0,8m, di: 2m, cao: 0,75m c th cha 1m3 nc.

Hnh 2.23. B x l nguyn liu trng nm s b. Dng c ti Trong nui trng nm s, chng ta thng s dng cc dng c ti sau y: - H thng gin phun t ng. - Bnh phun sng, bnh phun tia. - Bnh ti hoa sen.

Hnh 2.24. Bnh ti v h thng ti nc t ng c. K k ng (pallet) - Chng ta s dng k lt cht nguyn liu sau khi lm t bng nc vi nhm mc ch lm cho nguyn liu thot nc tt v to thng thong cho ng . - K c lm bng tre hoc g ng theo kiu dt ging, cch mt t 10 -15 cm, kch thc tu theo quy m sn xut, thng thng kch thc ti thiu ca mt k k: di 1,5 x rng 1,5 m.