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NHM 2:
PHM TH HNG
H TH HNG NGUYN TH KIM NHT THI TH THY NGUYN TH DUNG L TH KIM NGN NG TH HOA NG TH KIM CHI NGUYN TH HA
NI DUNG
1. LCH S NGUN GC 2. C TNH, PHN LOI 3. HNH THI 4. C CH GY BNH 5. C IM CA BNH 6. PHNG PHP PHN LP V NHN BIT 7. CC BI BO V NG C THC PHM DO VI KHUN SHIGELLA
I. LCH S, NGUN GC
Shigella c Chantemesse m t t nm 1888. Shiga (nh vi trng hc_ Nht Bn) phn lp ln u tin nm 1898 (vi khun ny v sau mang tn Shigella shiga). Nm 1900, Flexner v Strong phn lp c mt tc nhn gy bnh l trc khun c nhng tnh cht khc vi vi khun do Shiga phn lp. Nm 1891, trc khun Shigella c Grigoriep phn lp gm nhiu loi khc nhau: Shigella dysenteriae(nhm huyt thanh A); Shi.flexneri(nhm huyt thanh B); Shi.boydii(nhm huyt thanh C); Shi.sonnei (nhm huyt thanh D).
Nhm C
H: Enterobacteriaceae
Nhm D
2. c tnh:
Shigella c dng hnh que thng di 1-3m, khng c lng, khng di ng, khng c v, khng sinh bo t, bt mu Gram m.
-Nhng tc ng lm bnh nhn au bng qun, bun i ngoi v i ngoi nhiu ln, phn c nhy ln mu. Ngoi c t ca Shigella dysenteriae v Shigella flexneri c c tnh vi thn kinh trung ng, c th gy vim mng no v hn m. Tuy nhin, vi khun ch sinh ra ngoi c t sau khi xm nhp vo nim mc i trng.
V. C IM CA BNH DO SHIGELLA GY RA
Nhim vi khun Shigella (shigellosis) l mt bnh ng rut gy ra bi mt trong cc vi khun c bit n nh shigella. Du hiu chnh l tiu chy nhim trng shigella, thng l m mu. L trc khun cn gi l l trc trng, xch l, l nhit c, l bnh vim i trng cp tnh do trc khun Shigella gy ra, xm nhp qua ng n ung.Bnh thng gy ra hoi t nim mc,thm ch gy vimmng no v hn m.Bnh thng gy ra cc v dch ln v ko di,rt nguy him.
Nu nh, ngi bnh au bng tng cn, mc i cu (lc u phn lng v sau nht nhy, m) 10-15 ln /ngy, mt rn. Nng th au qun bng tng cn, mt rn d di (i khi lm sa trc trng). i cu 30-40 ln /ngy, phn ton mu, nht nhy, ngi bnh mt mi, st cn, v mt hc hc, mi kh, li ng bn, bng chng, vp b, nc cc. L Trc Trng lun c st, nh th 38-39oC, nng th 40-41oC, c khi st gy co git.Trong mt s trng hp, s nhim khun Shigella c th gy ra nhng triu chng khc nh pht ban trn da, vim khp, tn thng thn hay nh hng n thn kinh.
Tng ur huyt, huyt tn, h natri v ng huyt, bt thng h thn kinh (co git, ri lon tri gic, t th bt thng). t ph bin hn: Vim khp hng phn ng, au nhc ton thn, nc tiu c albumin v tr ht, m mu c th tng.
Kt lun
xc nh chc chn bnh L Trc Trng(LTT) cn soi phn ti, cy phn, huyt thanh chn on, soi trctrng. Phi phn bit LTT vi l amip, tiu chy do E.Coli, vim trc-kt trng do cc nguyn nhn khc (nh lao rut, trng roi), lng rut tr em.
c/Phn lp:
Dng que cy vng cy dch tng sinh ln cc mi trng thch a chn lc nh : XLD, HE v MAC. Sau khi cy, cc a mi trng 37oC trong 24- 48h. Kt qu:
d/Khng nh: T cc khun lc nghi ng trn mi trng phn lp, chn t nht 5 khun lc cy trn mi trng khng chn lc (nh TSA). 37oC trong 24h Cc khun lc xut hin trn mi trng ny c s dng th nghim sinh ha v khng huyt thanh.
Hnh 3. khun cam, hi c. lc Shigella trn mi trng Deoxycholate Citrate Agar c mu nht, mi trng c mu
Th nghim sng lc: Cc dng nghi ng l Shigella c cy vo mi trng TSI. 37oC trong 24h. Kt qu : Shigella cho phn ng kim trn b mt thch nghing v acid phn su, khng sinh hi v khng to H2S trong mi trng. Cc dng c phn ng nh trn c th nghim khng nh Shigella. Th nghim khng nh :dng cc phng php sinh ha v khng huyt thanh e/kt lun: C hay khng c Shigella trong 25g mu vt. Tuy nhin phng php ny mt thi gian lu c kt qu
K thut PCR dng pht hin shigella c tin hnh trn cp mi SHIG khuch i cho trnh t 320bp trn plasmid xm nhim c hiu cho shigella v cp mi 16S khuch i cho trnh t c kch thc 1007bp nm trong vng bo tn ca 16S rRNA hin din trong mi loi vi khun u im: hiu qu cao,tit kim thi gian,cho php pht hin shigella mc 10CFU/25g mu sau 1214h tng sinh,cho kt qu sau 24h.
C ch ca th nghim LA: Cc mu thc phm cn kim tra sau khi c x l c pha trn vi ht cao su c ph mt khng th hoc khng nguyn c th.Nu mu b nghi ng c s hin din ca shigella, cc ht cao su s cm li vi nhau (tu li).