Mc lc

Ex:

Grammar Review
Mt cu trong ting Anh bao gm cc thnh phn sau y SUBJECT - VERB AS PREDICATE - COMPLEMENT - MODIFIER (OBJECT) DIRECT INDIRECT

SUB !"# c$ th% l mt ng t& nguy'n th%( mt )!*B+,-.( mt /i t&( song nhi0u nh1t 23n l mt 4anh t&5 "h6ng bao gi7 c8ng 9ng : u cu( lm ch; ng< 2 =uyt >nh 2i?c chia ng t&5 )@ l ng t& n'n ch6ng li'n =uan n nh<ng 21n 0 sauA

1 Da!" #$ %&m %'() v* +",!- %&m %'() (C./!# !./!0 N.! - )./!# !./!)
B Da!" #$ %&m %'()1 CDng EFc 2Gi sH m( 4o $ n$ c$ h@nh thi sH It( sH nhi0u5 -$ c$ th% 4Dng EFc 2Gi 2a2 2 2#"e25 B Da!" #$ +",!- %&m %'()1 JhKng 4Dng EFc 2Gi sH m( 4o $ n$ LhKng c$ h@nh thi sH It( sH nhi0u5 -$ LhKng th% 4Dng EFc 2Gi 2a23 cMn 2#"e2 chN trong mt sH trE7ng hFp Oc bi?t5 B Mt sH 4anh t& m EFc c$ h@nh thi sH nhi0u Oc bi?t5 B Mt sH 4anh t& m EFc c$ 4/ng sH ItP sH nhi0u nhE nhau chN phn bi?t bQng c$ 2a2 2 LhKng c$ 2a2 Ex: an aircraft/ aircraft; a sheep/ sheep; a fish/ fish. B Mt sH cc 4anh t& LhKng m EFc nhE 4..53 mea#3 m.!e63 7a!53 wa#er 555 Hi Lhi EFc 4Dng nhE cc 4anh t& sH nhi0u % chN cc 4/ng( lo/i Lhc nhau c;a 4anh t& $5 Ex: water -> waters (Nc -> nhng vng nc) B Canh t& 2#ime2 nu 4Dng 2Gi nghRa l 2#"8i -ia!2 l LhKng m EFc nhEng Lhi 4Dng 2Gi nghRa l 2#"8i %9i2 hay 27: ;<!2 l 4anh t& m EFc5 Ex: Ancient times (Nhng thi c !i) - "#$ern times (nhng thi hi%n !i) B BSng sH T trang UV l cc >nh ng< 4Dng EFc 2Gi cc 4anh t& m EFc 2 LhKng m EFc5 B )i?c Wc >nh 4anh t& m EFc 2 LhKng m EFc l ht s9c =uan trXng 2 thE7ng l bEGc cY bSn m: u cho cc bi nghZP ng< php c;a #[!\]5

=/>! #$ +",!- ?>) %@!" _a_ v* _an_

B CDng 2a!2 trEGc mt 4anh t& b`t u bQngA o U nguy'n m A3 E3 I3 O o ^ bn nguy'n m U3 A o -h<ng 4anh t& b`t u bQng 2"2 cm aa! "eir0 a! "./r) o -h<ng t& m: u bQng mt ch< 2it t`t aa! S O S0 a! M P) o &' () b9ng trEGc mt 4anh t& m: u bQng 2/!i 2 phSi 4Dng 2a2 aa /!iver7i#60 a /!i4.rm) B CDng 2a2 trEGc 4anh t& b`t u bQng mt ph m5 B bEFc 4Dng trEGc mt 4anh t& LhKng Wc >nh 20 mOt 2> trIP tInh ch1tP Oc i%m hoOc EFc nh`c n ln u ti'n trong cu5 B CDng trong cc thnh ng< chN sH lEFng nh1t >nh nhEA a ;.# .40 a -rea# 5ea; .40 a )./B;e0 a 5.Ce! B CDng trEGc nh<ng sH m nh1t >nh thE7ng l hng ngn( hng trcm nhE a0 .!e "/!5re5 - a0.!e #"./7a!5 B CDng trEGc 2"a;42 (mD# !Ea) Lhi n$ thZo sau mt Yn 2> nguy'n 2dnA a +i;. a!5 a "a;43 hay Lhi n$ i ghep 2Gi mt 4anh t& Lhc % chN nfa phn aLhi 2it c$ 41u g/ch nHigA a "a;4 - 7"are3 a "a;4 - ".;i5a6 (!-*6 ;F )"G !-"G !Ea !-*6) B CDng 2Gi cc Yn 2> phn sH nhE 10H a0.!e #"ir5 - 10I a 0.!e 4i4#" B CDng trong cc thnh ng< chN gi cS( tHc ( tN l?A JI a +i;.3 KL +i;.me#er7 a! "./r3 M #ime7 a 5a6 B CDng trEGc cc 4anh t& sH It m EFc5 trong cc thn t& w"a# a !i)e 5a60 7/)" a ;.!- ;i4e B A N Mr0 Mr70 M7 N 4ami;6 !ame O mD# ,!-0 P*0 ), !*. %Q (+",!- R/e! Pi&#)

=/>! #$ ?>) %@!" 2T"e2

B CDng trEGc mt 4anh t& i EFc Wc >nh c th% 20 mOt tInh ch1t( Oc i%m( 2> trI hoOc EFc nh`c n ln th9 hai trong cu5 B T"e N 5a!" #$ N -iSi #$ N 5a!" #$ Ex: *he gir+ in ,+'e- the .'+f #f "e/ic#. B CDng trEGc nh<ng tInh t& so snh bjc nh1t hoOc .!;65 Ex: *he #n+0 wa0- the ,est $a0. B CDng cho nh<ng LhoSng th7i gian Wc >nh athjp ni'ngA I! #"e 1TTL7 B T"e N 5a!" #$ N %9i #$ R/a! "U N mU!" %V B"W Ex: *he man /t# wh#m 0#' have 1'st sp#2en /is the chairman B #rEGc mt 4anh t& ng k chN mt 2jt ri'ng bi?t Ex: 3he is in the (4 her) gar$en B T"e l 4anh t& sH It tEFng trEng cho mt nh$m th6 2jt hoOc 2jt Ex: *he wha+e 4 wha+es (+#5i c6 v#i)- the $eep-free7e (th8c 9n :ng +!nh) Lu : Nhng ;i vi man 2hi mang ngh<a "loi ngi" t'0%t ;i 2h:ng =c $>ng ?the". Ex: 3ince man +ive$ #n the earth (2@ tA 2hi +#5i ngi sinh s;ng trBn tr6i Ct n50) B CDng trEGc mt 4anh t& sH It % chN mt nh$m( mt h/ng ngE7i nh1t >nh trong Wi hi5 Ex: *he sma++ sh#p2eeper) .ii chD ti%m nhE/ *he t#p #ffcia+) .ii F'an ch8c ca# cCp B T"e N a5X1 #EFng trEng cho mt nh$m ngE7i( ch6ng LhKng bao gi7 EFc phep : sH nhi0u nhEng EFc WZm l cc 4anh t& sH nhi0u5 Co 2jy ng t& 2 /i t& i cDng 2Gi ch6ng phSi : ngKi th9 h sH nhi0u5 Ex: *he #+$ 4 *he #+$ pe#p+e/ *he 'nemp+#0e$/ *he $isa,+e$ are #ften ver0 har$ in their m#ving B T"e l t'n cc 2DngP Lhu 2mc i nni ting 20 mOt >a lk hoOc l>ch sf Ex: *he 3ahara ($esert)/ *he 3i,eria (t'n$ra)/ *he N#rman$ic B T"e N Ea7#0 Ye7#0 S./#"0 N.r#" N Da!" #$ /7e5 a7 a5Xe)#ive Ex: Ex: *he N#rth/ 3#'th G#+e U

(HIc/ Nam JKc) Ex: Ex: *he Last Ln$ #f &#n$#n (Mh' :ng &:n N:n) o-hEng LhKng EFc 4Dng #p! trEGc cc t& ny nu n$ i li0n 2Gi t'n chu lc hoOc =uHc giaA qZst .Zrmany( -orth AmZrica555 B T"e N t'n gXi cc i hFp WEGngP 4n nh/c cn i%nP ban nh/c phn thKng Ex: *he Hac2 Jh#ir/ *he Ghi+harm#niF'e Ghi+a$e+phia Orchestra/ *he Heat+es. B T"e N t'n gXi cc t7 bo aLhKng t/p chIgP tu bi%nP cc Lhinh LhI cu5 Ex: *he *imes/ *he *itanic/ *he Pin$en,erg B T"e N hX mt gia @nh : sH nhi0u r gia @nh nh Ex: *he 3miths 4 "r/ "rs 3mith an$ chi+$ren B CDng trEGc t'n hX c;a mt ngE7i % Wc >nh ngE7i $ trong sH nh<ng ngE7i trDng t'n5 B JhKng EFc 4Dng 2#"e2 trEGc cc 4anh t& chN b<a cn trong ngy tr& cc trE7ng hFp Oc bi?t5 Ex: Qe ate ,rea2fast at R am this m#rning Ex: *he $inner that 0#' invite$ me +ast wee2 were $e+eci#'s. B JhKng EFc 4Dng 2#"e2 trEGc mt sH 4anh t& nhE ".me3 Pe53 )"/r)"3 )./r#3 Xai;3 Bri7.!3 ".7Bi#a;3 7)"..;3 );a773 ).;;e-e3 /!iver7i#6 v v Lhi n$ i 2Gi cc ng t& 2 giGi t& chN chuy%n ng chN i n $ 2@ mc Ich chInh hoOc ra Lhsi $ c8ng 2@ mc Ich chInh5 Ex: 3t'$ents g# t# sch##+ ever0$a0. Ex: *he patient was re+ease$ fr#m h#spita+. B -hEng nu n $ hoOc ra Lhsi $ LhKng 2@ mc Ich chInh b`t buc phSi 4Dng 2#"e2 Ex: 3t'$ents g# t# the sch##+ f#r a c+ass part0. Ex: *he $#ct#r +eft the h#spita+ afterw#r2 o]Eu kA trong AmZrican !nglish hospital 2 uni2Zrsity phSi 4Dng 2Gi #p!A Ex: Pe was in the h#spita+ (in h#spita+ as a patient). Ex: 3he was 'nhapp0 at the 'niversit0 (at the 'niversit0 as a st'$ent). B Mt sH trE7ng hFp Oc bi?t B .o to torL r .o to thZ ouuicZ5 B #o bZ at torL B #o bZ har4 at torL alm 2i?c chcm chNg B #o bZ in ouuicZ aEYng nhi?mg vw #o bZ out ou ouuicZ abi min nhi?mg B .o to sZa r i bi%n anhE nh<ng th;y th;g B .o to thZ sZa r ra bi%n( thE7ng % nghN B #o bZ at thZ sZaA : gn bi%n B #o bZ at sZa a: tr'n bi%ng trong mt chuyn hSi hnh5 V

B go to totnA bi 2o trung tmP bi phH x #o bZ in totn a: trung tmg Lhi totn l c;a ngE7i n$i5 BSng sf 4ng 2#"e2 2 LhKng sf 4ng 2#"e2 trong mt sH trE7ng hFp i%n h@nh CQ 2T"e2 Z",!- 2T"e2 B CDng trEGc t'n cc /i 4EYng( sKng B #rEGc t'n mt h ngMi( bi%n( 2>nh 2 cc h a: sH nhi0ug E?1 ]aLZ .ZnZ2a Ex: *he Se$ 3ea- the At+antic Ocean- the Gersian .'f+- the .reat &a2es B #rEGc t'n cc 4iy n6i B #rEGc t'n mt ngXn n6i Ex: *he S#c20 "#'ntains Ex: "#'nt Ves'vi's B #rEGc t'n nh<ng 2jt th% 4uy nh1t B #rEGc t'n cc hnh tinh hoOc cc trong 28 tr hoOc tr'n th giGi chMm sao Ex: *he earth- the m##n Ex: Ven's- "ars B #hZ schools( collZgZs( uni2ZrsitiZs l ou B #rEGc t'n cc trE7ng ny nu trEGc n$ l 4anh t& ri'ng l mt t'n ri'ng Ex: *he Tniversit0 #f U+#ri$a Ex: 3tets#n Tniversit0 B #"e l sH th9 tm l 4anh t& Ex: *he thir$ chapter. B #rEGc t'n cc cuc chin tranh Lhu 2mc 2Gi i0u Li?n t'n Lhu 2mc $ phSi EFc tInh t& ho Ex: *he M#rean Qar (=> The Vietnamese
economy)

B #rEGc cc 4anh t& i cDng 2Gi mt sH m Ex: Jhapter three

B #rEGc t'n cc nEGc c$ hai t& tr: l'n B #rEGc t'n cc nEGc m: u bQng New3 ango/i tr& Grea# Bri#ai!) mt tInh t& chN hEGng hoOc chN c$ mt Ex: *he Tnite$ 3tates t& Ex: New Wea+an$- N#rth M#rean- Urance B #rEGc t'n cc nEGc EFc coi l mt B #rEGc t'n cc lc >a( tNnh( ti%u bang( =un So hoOc mt =un So thnh phH( =ujn( huy?n Ex: *he Ghi+ipines Ex: L'r#pe- U+#ri$a B #rEGc t'n cc ti li?u hoOc sm Li?n l>ch sf Ex: *he J#nstit'ti#n- *he "agna Jarta B #rEGc t'n cc nh$m 4n tc thi%u sH y

Ex: the Xn$ians B #rEGc t'n b1t L@ mKn th% thao no Ex: ,ase,a++- ,as2et,a++ B #rEGc cc 4anh t& tr&u tEFng atr& mt sH trE7ng hFp Oc bi?tg Ex: free$#m- happiness B #rEGc t'n cc mKn hXc c th% Ex: *he 3#+i$ matter Gh0sics B #rEGc t'n cc mKn hXc n$i chung Ex: mathematics B #rEGc t'n cc ngy lz( tt Ex: Jhristmas- *han2sgiving

C>)" 7E 5W!- a!.#"er v* .#"er

pai t& ny tuy giHng nhau 20 mOt nghRa nhEng Lhc nhau 20 mOt ng< php5 CDng 2Gi 4anh t& m EFc CDng 2Gi 4anh t& LhKng m EFc B a!.#"er N 5a!" #$ %&m %'() 7: [# O mt ci n<a( mt ci Lhc( mt ngE7i n<a( mt ngE7i Lhc5 B #"e .#"er N 5a!" #$ %&m %'() 7: [# O ci cMn l/i ac;a mt bg( ngE7i cMn l/i ac;a mt nh$mg5 B O#"er N 5a!" #$ %&m %'() 7: !"iV/ B O#"er N 5a!" #$ +",!- %&m %'() O O m1y ci n<a( m1y ci Lhc( m1y mt ch6t n<a5 ngE7i n<a( m1y ngE7i Lhc5 B T"e .#"er N 5a!" #$ %&m %'() 7: B T"e .#"er N 5a!" #$ +",!- %&m !"iV/ O nh<ng ci cMn l/i ac;a mt %'() O ch| cMn s$t l/i5 bg( nh<ng ngE7i cMn l/i ac;a mt nh$mg5 Ex: X $#nYt want this ,##2. G+ease give me an#ther. (an#ther 4 an0 #ther ,##2 - n#t specific) X $#nYt want this ,##2. G+ease give me the #ther. (the #ther 4 the #ther ,##2- specific) B A!.#"er 2 .#"er l LhKng Wc >nh trong Lhi T"e .#"er l Wc >nh( nu ch; ng< hoOc 4anh t& i EFc nh`c n : tr'n th@ : 4EGi chN cn 4Dng A!.#"er hoOc .#"er nhE mt /i t& l ;5 B -u 4anh t& EFc thay th l sH nhi0uA O#"er -\ O#"er75 JhKng bao gi7 EFc 4Dng O#"er7 l 4anh t& sH nhi0u5 "hN EFc 4Dng mt trong hai5 B #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp ngE7i ta 4Dng /i t& thay th .!e hoOc .!e7 Qng sau a!.#"er hoOc .#"er5 Lu : This hoc That c th! "#ng $%i one nhng These $ Those &h'ng ()c "#ng $%i ones*

C>)" 7E 5W!- ;i##;e3 a ;i##;e3 4ew3 a 4ew

B Li##;e N 5a!" #$ +",!- %&m %'() O r]# [#3 +",!- %^ %_ ()Q +"/6!" "'S!- B"^ %@!") Ex: X have +itt+e m#ne0- n#t en#'gh t# ,'0 gr#ceries. B A ;i##;e N 5a!" #$ +",!- %&m %'() O )Q mD# )"`#3 %^ %_ Ex: X have a +itt+e m#ne0- en#'gh t# ,'0 gr#ceries B Few N 5a!" #$ %&m %'() 7: !"iV/ O )Q r]# [#3 +",!- %^ %_ ()Q +"/6!" "'S!- B"^ %@!") Ex: X have few ,##2s- n#t en#'gh f#r reference rea$ing B A 4ew N 5a!" #$ %&m %'() 7: !"iV/1 c$ mt ch6t( ; % Ex: X have a few rec#r$s- en#'gh f#r +istening. B #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp Lhi 4anh t& : tr'n i EFc nh`c n th@ : phIa 4EGi chN cn 4Dng ;i##;e hoOc 4ew nhE mt /i t& l ;5 Ex: Are 0#' rea$0 in m#ne0. Zes- a +itt+e. B =/i#e a 4ew (%&m %'()) O =/i#e a Pi# (+",!- %&m %'()) O =/i#e a ;.# ()a "ai) O r]# !"iV/

Sb "c/ )>)"
B T"e !./!d7 N !./!1 "hN EFc 4Dng cho nh<ng 4anh t& chN ngE7i hoOc ng 2jt( LhKng 4Dng cho cc 2jt5 Ex: *he st'$entYs ,##2 *he catYs +egs. B bHi 2Gi 4anh t& sH nhi0u i c$ sn 272 : uKi chN cn 4Dng 41u phy Ex: *he st'$entsY ,##2. B -hEng Hi 2Gi nh<ng 4anh t& ni sH nhi0u Oc bi?t LhKng 272 : uKi 23n phSi 4Dng y ; 41u s: h<u cch5 Ex: *he chi+$renYs t#0s. *he pe#p+eYs wi++ing B -u c$ hai 4anh t& cDng 9ng : s: h<u cch th@ 4anh t& no 9ng gn 4anh t& b> s: h<u nh1t s mang 41u s: h<u5 Ex: Ga'+ an$ GeterYs r##m. B bHi 2Gi nh<ng t'n ri'ng hoOc 4anh t& i c$ sn 272 : uKi c$ th% chN cn 4Dng 41u phy 2 nh1n m/nh uKi Lhi Xc hoOc 4Dng s: h<u cch 2 phSi thay ni cch Xc5 #'n ri'ng LhKng 4Dng 2#"e2 Qng trEGc5 Ex: *he ,#ssY car 4 *he ,#ssYs car [,#si7\ AgnesY h#'se 4 AgnesYs [si7\ h#'se. B -$ EFc 4Dng cho th7i gian ancm( thng( thjp ni'n( th LNg Ex: *he ]^^_sY events) nhng sK 2i%n cDa th`p niBn ^_ *he a]st cent'r0Ys pr#spects. B "$ th% 4Dng cho cc mDa trong ncm tr& mDa Wun 2 mDa thu5 -u 4Dng s: h<u cch cho hai mDa ny th@ ngE7i 2it i nhn cch ho ch6ng5 -gy nay ngE7i ta 4Dng cc mDa trong ncm nhE mt tInh t& cho cc 4anh t& Qng sau( It 4Dng s: h<u cch5 Ex: *he A't'mnYs +eaf) chibc +6 cDa n5ng th'. B CDng cho t'n cc cKng ty lGn( cc =uHc gia Ex: *he S#c2erfe++erYs #i+ pr#$'cts. JhinaYs f##$.

B bHi 2Gi cc cfa hi?u c$ ngh0 nghi?p Oc trEng chN cn 4Dng 4anh t& 2Gi 41u s: h<u5 Ex: Xn a f+#ristYs At a hair$resserYs bOc bi?t l cc ti?m cnA Ant#ni#Ys B CDng trEGc mt sH 4anh t& b1t ng 2jt chN trong mt sH thnh ng< T

Ex: a st#neYs thr#w fr#m ...(J6ch nci d' met tfm 6 ngm).

TT

VerP
B bng t& trong ting Anh "hia lm h th7i chInhA =/> +"e (Pa7#) fiU! #9i (Pre7e!#) T'g!- ;ai (F/#/re) B M|i th7i chInh l/i chia thnh nhi0u th7i nhs % 4izn /t tInh chInh Wc c;a hnh ng5

1 Pre7e!#
1) SimB;e Pre7e!#
B Jhi chia ng t& th7i ny : ngKi th9 h sH It( phSi c$ _ 72 : tjn cDng 2 m 4$ phSi EFc Xc l'n Ex: Pe wa+2s. Ex: 3he watches *V B -$ 4Dng % 4izn /t mt hnh ng thE7ng Wuy'n WSy ra : hi?n t/i( LhKng Wc >nh c th% 20 th7i gian( hnh ng lOp i lOp l/i c$ tInh =ui lujt5 B #hE7ng 4Dng 2Gi mt sH cc ph$ t& chN th7i gian nhE #.5a6( Bre7e!# 5a6( !.wa5a675 B bOc bi?t n$ 4Dng 2Gi mt sH ph$ t& chN tn su1t nhEA a;wa67( 7.me#ime7( .4#e!( ever6 N #"8i -ia!555

h) Pre7e!# Pr.-re77ive (Pe N V-i!-)

B CDng % 4izn /t mt hnh ng WSy ra : 2o mt th7i i%m nh1t >nh c;a hi?n t/i5 #h7i i%m ny EFc Wc >nh c th% bQng mt sH ph$ t& nhE A !.w( ri-"#!.w( a# #"i7 m.me!#5 B CDng thay th cho th7i tEYng lai gn( Oc bi?t l trong 2cn n$i5 B bOc bi?t lEu k nh<ng ng t& : bSng sau LhKng EFc chia : th% tip 4izn 4D b1t c9 th7i no Lhi ch6ng l nh<ng ng t& tRnh 4izn /t tr/ng thi cSm gic c;a ho/t ng tinh thn hoOc tInh ch1t c;a sm 2jt ( sm 2i?c5 -hEng Lhi ch6ng =uay sang hEGng 4ng t& hnh ng th@ ch6ng l/i EFc phep 4Dng : th% tip 4izn5 Lnot un4Zrstan4 ha2Z bZliZ2Z hatZ nZZ4 hZar lo2Z appZar sZZ liLZ sZZm smZll tant tastZ tish soun4 otn

Ex: Pe has a +#t #f ,##2s. Pe is having $inner n#w. (Neng tA h5nh eng) 9n t;i) X thin2 the0 wi++ c#me in time T^

XYm thin2ing #f m0 test t#m#rr#w. (Neng tA h5nh eng) Nang ngh< vh)

H) Pre7e!# Per4e)# 1 fave N PII

B CDng % 4izn /t mt hnh ng WSy ra t& trong =u Lh9 Leo 4i n hi?n t/i 2 ch1m 49t : hi?n t/i( th7i 4i%m hnh ng hon ton LhKng EFc Wc >nh trong cu5 B "hN mt hnh ng WSy ra nhi0u ln trong =u Lh9 Leo 4i n hi?n t/i Ex: .e#rge has seen this m#vie three time. B CDng 2Gi ^ giGi t& S,-"!P\[*ltimZ B CDng 2Gi a;rea56 trong cu Lhng >nh( lEu k rQng a;rea56 c$ th% 9ng ngay sau "ave 2 c8ng c$ th% 9ng : cuHi cu5 B CDng 2Gi 6e# trong cu ph; >nh( 6e# thE7ng Wuy'n 9ng : cuHi cu5 B CDng 2Gi 6e# trong cu nghi 21n Ex: Pave 0#' written 0#'r rep#rts 0eti B #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp : ph; >nh( 6e# c$ th% 9ng ngay sau "ave nhEng phSi thay ni 20 mOt ng< phpA !.# m1t i 2 ,, tr: 20 4/ng nguy'n th% c$ #.5 Ex: j#hn has 0et t# +earn the materia+ 4 j#hn hasnYt +earnt the materia+ 0et. B CDng 2Gi !.w #"a#555 agi7 y Lhi m555g Ex: N#w that 0#' have passe$ the *OLU& test s'ccessf'++0- 0#' can app+0... B CDng 2Gi mt sH ph$ t& nhE #i;; !.w( /!#i;; !.w( 7. 4ar acho n gi7g5 -h<ng thnh ng< ny c$ th% 9ng u cu hoOc cuHi cu5 Ex: 3# far the pr#,+em has n#t ,een res#+ve$. B CDng 2Gi re)e!#;6( ;a#e;6 agn yg nh<ng thnh ng< ny c$ th% 9ng u hoOc cuHi cu5 Ex: X have n#t seen him recent+0. B CDng 2Gi Pe4.re 9ng : cuHi cu5 Ex: X have seen him ,ef#re.

M) Pre7e!# Per4e)# Pr.-re77ive 1 fave Pee! V-i!B CDng giHng h?t nhE rZsZnt ZruZct nhEng hnh ng LhKng ch1n 49t : hi?n t/i m 23n tip tc tip 4izn( thE7ng Wuy'n 4Dng 2Gi 7i!)e( 4.r N #ime B hn bi?t cch 4Dng gi<a hai th7iA Pre7e!# Per4e)# Pre7e!# Per4e)# Pr.-re77ive B pnh ng i ch1m 49t : hi?n t/i 4o $ B pnh ng 23n tip 4izn : hi?n t/i( c$ i c$ Lt =uS r r?t5 LhS ncng lan tGi tEYng lai 4o $ LhKng Ex) XYve waite$ 0#' f#r ha+f an h#'r (an$ c$ Lt =uS r r?t5 n#w X st#p w#r2ing ,eca'se 0#' $i$nYt Ex: XYve ,een waiting f#r 0#' f#r ha+f an c#me). h#'r (an$ n#w XYm sti++ waiting- h#ping that

Th

0#'Y++ c#me)

h Pa7#
1) SimB;e Pa7#1 V-e5
B Mt sH ng t& trong ting Anh c$ cS 4/ng SimB;e Pa7# 2 Pa7# Per4e)# b@nh thE7ng c8ng nhE Oc bi?t5 -gE7i Anh Ea 4Dng SimB;e Ba7# chia b@nh thE7ng 2 Ph Oc bi?t lm a5X hoOc trong 4/ng b> ng Ex: To light lighte"+lighte") Pe +ighte$ the can$+es in his ,irth$a0 ca2e. lit+ lit) Ur#m a $istance we can see the +it resta'rant. B -$ 4izn /t mt hnh ng i WSy ra 9t i%m trong =u Lh9( LhKng li'n =uan g@ tGi hi?n t/i( th7i 4i%m trong cu EFc Wc >nh r r?t bQng mt sH cc ph$ t& chN th7i gian nhE 6e7#er5a6( a# #"a# m.me!#( ;a7# N #ime

h) Pa7# Pr.-re77eive1 Ya70Yere N V-i!B -$ 4Dng % 4izn /t mt hnh ng ang WSy ra : 2o mt th7i i%m nh1t >nh c;a =u Lh95 #h7i 4i%m $ EFc 4izn /t c th% r ngy( gi75 B -$ 4ng Lt hFp 2Gi mt 7imB;e Ba7# thKng =ua ^ ph$ t& chN th7i gian l w"e! 2 w"i;e( % chN mt hnh ng ang tip 4izn trong =u Lh9 th@ mt hnh ng Lhc chZn ngang 2o aLhi ang555 th@ b|ng555g5
S/PXe)# N SimB;e Pa7# i w"i;e - S/PXe)# N Pa7# Pr.-re77ive

Ex: 3m, hit him #n the hea$ whi+e he was wa+2ing t# his car
S/PXe)# N Pa7# Pr.-re77ive - w"e! - S/PXe)# N SimB;e Pa7#1

Ex: Pe was wa+2ing t# his car when 3m, hit him #n the hea$ B M?nh 0 c$ w"e! w"i;e c$ th% 9ng b1t L@ nYi no trong cu nhEng sau w"e! phSi l 7imB;e Ba7# 2 sau w"i;e phSi l Pa7# Pr.-re77ive5 B -$ 4izn /t ^ hnh ng ang cDng l6c WSy ra trong =u Lh95
S/PXe)# N Pa7# Pr.-re77ive - w"i;e - S/PXe)# N Pa7# Pr.-re77ive

Ex) Per h's,an$ was rea$ing newspaper whi+e she was preparing $inner.

TU

B M?nh 0 hnh ng LhKng c$ w"i;e c$ th% : 7imB;e Ba7# nhEng It Lhi 2@ 4z b> nhm l3n5

H) Pa7# Per4e)#1 fa5 N PII

B CDng % 4izn /t mt hnh ng WSy ra trEGc mt hnh ng Lhc trong =u Lh9( trong cu bao gi7 c8ng c$ ^ hnh ng B CDng Lt hFp 2Gi mt 7imB;e Ba7# thKng =ua ^ ph$ t& chN th7i gian a4#er 2 Pe4.re5 Subject + Simple Past after Subject + Past Perfect Subject + Past Perfect before Subject + Simple Past Lu B M?nh 0 c$ a4#er Pe4.re c$ th% 9ng : u hoOc cuHi cu nhEng sau a4#er phSi l Ba7# Ber4e)# cMn sau Pe4.re phSi l 7imB;e Ba7#5 B Be4.re A4#er c$ th% EFc thay bQng w"e! m LhKng sF b> nhm l3n 2@ trong cu bao gi7 c8ng c$ ^ hnh ng( T trEGc( T sau5 Ex) *he p#+ice came when the r#,,er ha$ g#ne awa0.

M) Pa7# Per4e)# Pr.-re77ive1 fa5 N Bee! N V-i!B CDng giHng h?t nhE Pa7# Per4e)# 4uy c$ i0u ho/t ng 4izn ra li'n tc cho n tjn SimB;e Pa7#5 -$ thE7ng Lt hFp 2Gi SimB;e Pa7# thKng =ua ph$ t& Be4.re5 #rong cu thE7ng Wuy'n c$ 7i!)e( 4.r N #ime Lu : #h7i ny ngy nay It 4Dng( ngE7i ta thay th n$ bQng Pa7# Per4e)# 2 chN 4Dng Lhi no cn izn /t tInh chInh Wc c;a hnh ng5

H F/#/re
1) SimB;e F/#/re1 Yi;;0S"a;;0Ca!0Ma6 N VerP i! 7imB;e 4.rm
-gy nay ng< php hi?n /i( Oc bi?t l ng< php MR ch1p nhjn 2i?c 4Dng wi;; cho t1t cS cc ngKi( cMn 7"a;; chN 4Dng 2Gi cc ngKi I( we trong mt sH trE7ng hFp nhE sauA B bEa ra 0 ngh> mt cch l>ch sm Ex) 3ha++ X ta2e 0#' c#ati B CDng % m7i ngE7i Lhc mt cch l>ch smA Ex) 3ha++ we g# #'t f#r +'nchi B CDng % ngi gi trong Lhi mOc cS( mua bnA Ex) 3ha++ we sa0 ) k l_ B #hE7ng EFc 4Dng 2Gi T 2cn bSn mang tInh php =ui buc cc b'n phSi thi hnh i0u LhoSn trong 2cn bSnA TV

Ex) A++ the st'$ents sha++ ,e resp#nsi,+e f#r pr#per e/ec'ti#n #f the $#rm r'+e B #rong ting Anh b@nh 4n ( ngE7i ta thay 7"a;; r m/7# : 4/ng cu ny5 B -$ 4Dng % 4izn /t mt hnh ng s WSy ra : mt th7i i%m nh1t >nh trong tEYng lai nhEng LhKng Wc >nh c th%5 #hE7ng 4Dng 2Gi mt sH ph$ t& chN th7i gian nhE #.m.rr.w( !e?# N #ime( i! #"e 4/#/re( i! 4/#/re O 4r.m !.w .!5

h) Near F/#/re
B Cizn /t mt hnh ng s WSy ra trong tEYng lai gn( thE7ng 4Dng 2Gi cc ph$ t& 4EGi 4/ngA I! a m.me!# (;># !ca)3 A# h .d);.)+ #"i7 a4#er!..! Ex) Qe are g#ing t# have a recepti#n in a m#ment B -$ chN T 2i?c ch`c ch`n s phSi WSy ra thZo nhE 4m tInh cho 4D th7i gian l tEYng lai Wa5 Ex) Qe are g#ing t# ta2e a *OLU& test ne/t 0ear. B -gy nay ngE7i ta thE7ng 4Dng Bre7e!# Br.-re77ive5

H) F/#/re Pr.-re77ive1 wi;;07"a;; N Pe N verPi!B Cizn /t mt i0u s WSy ra trong tEYng lai : 2o mt th7i i%m nh1t >nh Ex: At R)__ am t#m#rr#w m#rning we wi++ ,e atten$ing the +ect're. Ex: .##$ +'c2 with the e/amm Qe wi++ ,e thin2ing #f 0#'. B CDng Lt hFp 2Gi Bre7e!# Br.-re77ive Lhc % 4izn /t hai hnh ng ang song song WSy ra5 Mt : hi?n t/i( cMn mt : tEYng lai5 Ex: N#w we are +earning Lng+ish here- ,'t ,0 the time t#m#rr#w we wi++ ,e atten$ing the meeting at the #ffice. B bEFc 4Dng % 0 cjp n cc sm Li?n tEYng lai i EFc Wc >nh hoOc =uyt >nh aLhKng mang k nghRa tip 4izng5 Ex: Gr#fess#r Ha/ter wi++ ,e giving an#ther +ect're #n S#man g+ass n ma2ing at the same time ne/t wee2. B poOc nh<ng sm Li?n EFc mong Fi l s WSy ra thZo mt tin tr@nh thE7ng l? anhEng LhKng 4izn /t k >nh c;a c nhn ngE7i n$ig5 Ex: Z#' wi++ ,e hearing fr#m m0 s#+icit#r. Ex: X wi++ ,e seeing 0#' #ne #f these $a0s- X e/pect. B Cm on cho tEYng laiA Ex: o#npt ph#ne n#w- the0 wi++ ,e having $inner. B Cizn /t l7i 0 ngh> nhi nhOn muHn bit 20 L ho/ch c;a ngE7i Lhc Ex: Z#' wi++ ,e sta0ing in this evening. (:ng cq $K rnh s +!i d0 t;i na0 ch8 !) Ty

M) F/#/re Per4e)#1 Y"i;;0 S"a;; N fave N PII

B "hN mt hnh ng s phSi EFc hon t1t : 2o mt th7i i%m nh1t >nh trong tEYng lai5 -$ thE7ng EFc 4Dng 2Gi ph$ tf chN th7i gian 4EGi 4/ng B6 #"e e!5 .4 3 B6 #"e #ime N 7e!#e!)e Ex) Qe wi++ have acc#mp+ishe$ the *OLU& test ta2ing s2i++s ,0 the en$ #f ne/t 0ear. Ex) H0 the time Pa++e0Ys J#met c#mes racing acr#ss the night s20 again- m#st #f the pe#p+e a+ive t#$a0 wi++ have passe$ awa0.

T{

Sj "ka "(B -ica )"^ !-c v* %D!- #$

#rong mt cu ting Anh( thKng thE7ng th@ ch; ng< 9ng li0n ngay 2Gi ng t& 2 =uyt >nh 2i?c chia ng t& nhEng LhKng phSi luKn luKn nhE 2jy5

1 C>) #r'8!- "(B C"^ !-c %e!- #>)" +"li %D!- #$

B Zn 2o gi<a l mt ng< giGi t& amt giGi t& m: u cng cc 4anh t& thZo saug5 "c ng< giGi t& ny LhKng h0 c$ =uyt >nh g@ tGi 2i?c chia ng t&( ng t& phSi chia thZo ch; ng< chInh5 B "c thnh ng< : bSng sau cDng 2Gi cc 4anh t& i thZo sau n$ t/o n'n hi?n tE7ng ng ch; ng<5 -$ s 9ng WZn 2o gi<a ch; ng< 2 ng t&( tch ra Lhsi gi<a ^ thnh phn $ r ^ 41u phSy 2 LhKng c$ Snh hE:ng g@ n 2i?c chia ng t&5 Ex: *he actrees- a+#ng with her manager an$ s#me frien$s- is g#ing t# a part0 t#night. T.-e#"er wi#" a;.!- wi#" a)).mBa!ie5 P6 a7 we;; a7

B -u ^ 4anh t& lm ch; ng< nHi 2Gi nhau bQng a!5 th@ ng t& phSi chia ngKi th9 h sH nhi0u a#"e6g B -hEng nu ^ ng "h; ng< nHi 2Gi nhau bQng .r th@ ng t& phSi chia thZo 4anh t& 9ng sau .r5 -u 4anh t& $ l sH It th@ ng t& phSi chia ngKi th9 h sH It 2 ngEFc l/i5 Ex: *he actress #r her manager is g#ing t# answer the interview.

h C>) 5a!" #$ ;/,! %ki "li )>) %D!- #$ v* %9i #$ %i #"e. )"`!- b !-,i #"e H 7: [#
B b$ l cc 4anh t& : bSng sau acMn gXi l cc /i t& phim chNg5 a!6 N !. N 7.me N 7i!-/;ar !./! 7i!-/;ar !./! 7i!-/;ar !./! a!6P.56 !.P.56 7.meP.56 a!6.!e !. .!e 7.me.!e a!6#"i!!.#"i!7.me#"i!ever6 N 7i!-/;ar !./! ea)" N 7i!-/;ar !./! ever6P.56 ever6.!e ei#"er m ever6#"i!!ei#"erm mEi#"er a!5 !ei#"er are 7i!-/;ar i4 #"a6 are !.# /7e5 wi#" o, a!5 no,

T}

Ex: eithe, (] tr#ng a) cht $>ng ch# a ngi h#uc a v`t. Nb' v ngi (v`t) trs +Bn phwi $>ng any* Ex: neithe, (2h:ng met tr#ng hai) cht $>ng ch# a ngi- a v`t. Nb' v ngi trs +Bn $>ng not any* Ex: Neither #f his ch'tes #pens as he p+'mmets t# the gr#'n$ Ex: N#t an0 #f his pens is a,+e t# ,e 'se$.

H C>)" 7E 5W!- N.!e v* N.

B -u sau N.!e .4 #"e l mt 4anh t& LhKng m EFc th@ ng t& phSi : ngKi th9 h sH It5 -hEng nu sau n$ l mt 4anh t& sH nhi0u th@ ng t& phSi chia : ngKi th9 h sH nhi0u5
none + of the + non-count noun + singular verb none + of the + plural count noun + plural verb

Ex: N#ne #f the c#'nterfeit m#ne0 has ,een f#'n$. Ex: N#ne #f the st'$ents have finishe$ the e/am 0et. B -u sau N. l mt 4anh t& m EFc sH It hoOc LhKng m EFc th@ ng t& phSi : ngKi th9 h sH It nhEng nu sau n$ l mt 4anh t& sH nhi0u th@ ng t& phSi : ngKi th9 h sH nhi0u no + {singular noun/non-count noun} + singular verb no + plural noun + plural verb Ex: N# e/amp+e is re+evant t# this case.

M C>)" 7E 5W!- )]/ #r`) ei#"er .r (".n) ".n)) v* !ei#"er !.r (+",!- m* )o!- +",!-)
B bi0u cn lEu k nh1t Lhi sf 4ng c1u tr6c ny l ng t& phSi chia thZo 4anh t& i sau .r hoOc !.r5 -u 4anh t& $ l sH It th@ 4ng t& $ chia : ngKi th9 h sH It 2 ngEFc l/i5

T~

neither + noun + either neither either + noun +

nor or nor or

+ plural noun + plural verb + singular noun + singular verb

Ex: Ex: Ex: Ex:

Neither j#hn n#r his frien$s are g#ing t# the ,each t#$a0. Lither j#hn #r his frien$s are g#ing t# the ,each t#$a0. Neither the ,#0s n#r Jarmen has seen this m#vie ,ef#re. Lither j#hn #r Hi++ is g#ing t# the ,each t#$a0.

I V-i!- ;*m )"^ !-c

B Jhi V-i!- 4Dng lm ch; ng< th@ ng t& phSi chia : ngKi th9 h sH It B -gE7i ta s 4Dng V-i!- Lhi muHn 4izn /t T hnh ng c th% WSy ra nh1t th7i nhEng Lhi muHn 4izn /t bSn ch1t c;a sm 2jt( sm 2i?c th@ phSi 4Dng 4anh t& Ex: oieting is ver0 p#p'+ar t#$a0. Ex: oiet is f#r th#se wh# s'ffer fr#m a cerain $isease. B bng t& nguy'n th% c8ng c$ th% 4Dng lm ch; ng< 2 ng t& sau n$ s chia : ngKi th9 h sH It5 -hEng ngE7i ta thE7ng 4Dng ch; ng< giS i# % m: u cu5 Ex: *# fin$ the ,##2 is necessar0 f#r him 4 Xt is necessar0 f#r him t# fin$ the ,##2.

K C>) 5a!" #$ #pB #"_

B b$ l cc 4anh t& : bSng sau 4Dng % chN T nh$m ngE7i hoOc T tn ch9c nhEng tr'n thmc t ch6ng l nh<ng 4anh t& sH It( 4o 2jy cc 4/i t& 2 ng t& thZo sau ch6ng c8ng : ngKi th9 h sH It5 C.!-re77 Or-a!iCa#i.! G.ver!me!# 4ami;6 #eam X/r6 -r./B arm6 maX.ri#6m ).mmi##ee );/P mi!.ri#6 );a77 )r.w5 B/P;i)

Ex: *he c#mmittee has met- an$ it has re1ecte$ the pr#p#sa+. B #uy nhi'n nu ng t& sau nh<ng 4anh t& ny chia : ngKi th9 h sH nhi0u th@ cu $ m chN cc thnh 2i'n trong nh$m ang ho/t ng ri'ng rA Ex: J#ngress v#tes f#r the ,i++.

oa"ongrZss arZ 4iscussing about thZ bill5 asomZ agrZZ( somZ 4isagrZZgg5a#[!\] LhKng b`t l|i nyg5 B Canh t& thZ maX.ri#6 EFc 4Dng tu thZo thnh phn sau n$ % chia ng t& the majority + singular verb the majority of the + plural noun + plural verb Ex: *he ma1#rit0 ,e+ieves that we are in n# $anger. Ex: *he ma1#rit0 #f the st'$ents ,e+ieve him t# ,e inn#cent. B thZ policZPshZZpPuish l plural 2Zrb Ex: *he sheep are ,rea2ing awa0 Ex: *he p#+ice c#me #n+0 t# see the $ea$ ,#$ies an$ a r'in in the ,an2 B a couplZ l singular 2Zrb Ex: A c#'p+e is wa+2ing #n the path B #hZ couplZ l plural 2Zrb Ex: *he c#'p+e are racing their h#rses thr#'gh the mea$#w. B "c cm t& : bSng sau chN mt nh$m ng 2jt hoOc gia s6c5 cho 4D sau giGi t& .4 l 4anh t& sH nhi0u th@ ng t& 23n chia thZo ngKi ch; ng< chInh ngKi th9 h sH It5 4;.)+ .4 Pir573 7"eeB "er5 .4 )a##;e Ba)+ .4 5.-7 Ex: *he f+#c2 #f ,ir$s is circ+ing #verhea$. B #1t cS cc 4anh t& tjp th% chN th7i gian( ti0n b/c( sH o 0u EFc WZm l T 4anh t& sH It5 Co $ cc ng t& 2 /i t& thZo sau ch6ng phSi : ngKi th9 h sH It5 Ex: al $#++ars is t## m'ch.... o-otZA Pe has c#ntri,'te$ kl_- an$ n#w he wants t# c#ntri,'te an#ther l_. 7)"..; .4 4i7" Bri5e .4 ;i.!7

q C>)" 7E 5W!- a !/mPer .43 #"e !/mPer .41

B A !/mPer .4 r mt sH lGn nh<ng555 nu i 2Gi 4anh t& sH nhi0u th@ ng t& chia : ngKi th9 ba sH nhi0u5

^T

a number of + plural noun + plural verb Ex: A n'm,er #f st'$ents are g#ing t# the c+ass picnic (a n'm,er #f 4 man0). B -hEng #"e !/mPer .4 r mt sH555 EFc coi l mt tnng th% sH It( 4o $ cho 4D sau n$ l mt 4anh t& sH nhi0u th@ ng t& 23n phSi chia : ngKi th9 h sH It5 the number of + plural noun + singular verb... Ex: *he n'm,er #f $a0s in a wee2 is seven.

r C>) 5a!" #$ ;/,! 5s!- b 7: !"iV/

B BSng sau l nh<ng 4anh t& bao gi7 c8ng : h@nh thi sH nhi0u 2@ ch6ng bao gKm ^ thmc th% n'n cc /i t& 2 ng t& i cDng 2Gi ch6ng c8ng phSi : sH nhi0u5 S)i77.r7 7".r#7 Pa!#7 Xea!7 #.!-7 Tr./7er7 e6e-;a77e7 P;ier7 #weeCer7 B -u muHn ch6ng thnh ngKi sH It phSi 4Dng a Bair .4555 Ex: *he pants are in the $rawer. Ex: A pair #f pants is in the $rawer.

T T"*!" !-c #"ere i73 #"ere are

B #hnh ng< ny chN sm tn t/i c;a ngE7i hoOc 2jt t/i mt nYi no $5 "h; ng< thjt c;a thnh ng< ny l 4anh t& i sau5 -u n$ l 4anh t& sH It th@ ng t& #. Pe chia : ngKi th9 h sH It 2 ngEFc l/i5 B MXi bin ni 20 th7i 2 th% 0u nQm : #. Pe cMn #"ere gi< nguy'n5 Ex: *here has ,een an increase in the imp#rtati#n #f f#reign cars. Ex: *here have ,een a n'm,er #f te+eph#ne ca++s t#$a0. B ]Eu k cc c1u tr6cA thZrZ is cZrtainP surZP liLZlyP boun4 to bZA "h`c ch`n l s c$ Ex: *here is s're t# ,e tr#',+e when she gets his +etter (JhIc chIn +5 sx cq rIc r;i 2hi c: C0 nh`n =c th anh ta) Ex: o# 0#' thin2 there is +i2e+0 t# ,e sn#w (Anh ch# ryng chIc chIn sx cq t'0bt ch8) B #rong 4/ng ting Anh =uy chun hoOc 2cn chEYng mt sH cc ng t& Lhc ngoi #. Pe c8ng EFc sf 4ng 2Gi #"ere B bng t& tr/ng thiA Stan4P liZP rZmainP ZWistP li2Z

^^

B bng t& chN sm nA ZntZrP goP comZP uollot of state of arrival

There + verb

+ noun as subject

Ex: Xn a sma++ t#wn in .erman0 there #nce +ive$ a p##r sh#ema2er (*!i met thr trCn /gp s N8c z tAng cq met :ng th= gi50 ngh{# s;ng s q) Ex: *here remains n#thing m#re t# ,e $#ne (Jhw c|n cq g} s q na m5 +5m) Ex: 3'$$en+0 there entere$ a strange fig're $resse$ a++ in ,+ac2 (H~ng cq met h}nh ,qng 2} +! i v5# muc t#5n en) Ex: *here f#++#we$ an 'nc#mf#rta,+e si+ence ("et sK im +ung bn ,Ct ti%n tibp the# sa' q) B #hZrZ l subZct pronoun l goP comZP bZA L@aP th lP ri th@ Ex: *here he c#mes (Anh ta z bn ri 2ia 2}a) Ex: *here 0#' are- X have ,een waiting f#r 0#' f#r #ver an h#'r (Anh d0 ri- t:i ang ch anh bn hcn met tibng ri C0) B #hZrZ l bZ l namZ ou pZoplZ A #h@ c$ 55 55 1y thKi 55 -hQm % gFi ta sm ch6 k n #hZrZ l bZ l altays l nounA #h@ l6c no chS c$ 55 mt giSi php LhS 4R cho T 21n 0 Ex: Qh#m c#'+$ we as2 i Qe++- there is james- #r "iran$a- #r Ann- #r 3'e... Ex: Qhere can he s+eep/ Qe++- there is a+wa0s the attic B #hZrZ tas this l nounA "hInh l ci 555 ny 1y a% m: u cho mt cu chuy?ng Ex: *here was this man- see- an$ he c#'+$ n#t get 'p in the m#rning. 3# he ... (N50- chnh +5 c6i anh ch5ng n50 C0- anh ta 2h:ng $`0 =c ,'i s6ng. *hb +5 anh ta... B #hZrZ alm tInh t&g chInh ciP conP ngE7i 1y Ex: .ive that ,##2 there- p+ease &5m cn a ch# t:i chnh c';n s6ch C0 *hat there $#g) Jhnh c#n chq C0 C0 *hat there gir+- she ,r#2e tw# rec#r$s #f spee$ (Jhnh c: g6i C0 C0- c: ta z ph6 hai 2t +c vh t;c e)

^h

t9i #$
"hia lm V lo/i 2Gi cc ch9c ncng sf 4ng Lhc nhau5

1L

t9i #$ !"u! ?'!- (C"^ !-c)

I e you you he she they it

B b9ng u cu( lm ch; ng<( =uyt >nh 2i?c chia ng t& B b9ng sau ng t& #. Pe Ex: *he teachers wh# were invite$ t# the part0 were .e#rge- Hi++ an$ X. Ex: Xt was she wh# ca++e$ 0#'. B b9ng Qng sau cc ph$ t& so snh nhE #"a!3 a7 a&~i cc ,wn) B bQng sau cc ngKi sH nhi0u nhE we3 6./ c$ =uy0n 4Dng mt 4anh t& sH nhi0u trmc tip Qng sau5 Ex: Qe st'$ents are g#ing t# have a part0 (3inh viBn chng t:i .....) Z#' g'0s (Hn m50) B Ye0 A./0 T"e6 N a;;0 P.#" Ex: Qe a++ g# t# sch##+ n#w *he0 ,#th ,#'ght the ens'rance Z#' a++ c#me sh#pping. B -hEng nu a;; hoOc P.#" i 2Gi cc /i t& ny : 4/ng cu c$ ng t& Lep th@ a;; hoOc P.#" s 9ng sau trF ng t& (F/#/re3 Br.-re77ive3 Ber4e)#) Ex: Qe wi++ a++ g# t# sch##+ ne/t wee2. *he0 have ,#th ,#'ght the ins'rance. B A;; 2 B.#" cDng phSi 9ng sau ng t& #. Pe tr'n tInh t& Ex: Qe are a++ rea$0 t# g# swimming. B CDng "e07"e thay th cho cc 2jt nuKi nu ch6ng EFc WZm l c$ tInh cch( thKng minh hoOc t@nh cSm ach$( mo( ngma555g Ex: .# an$ fin$ a cat if where she sta0s in. Ex: P#wps 0#'r new cari *errrific- she is r'nning ,e'tif'++0. ^U

B #'n nEGc EFc thay th trang trXng bQng 7"e angy nay it 4Dngg5 Ex: Lng+an$ is an is+an$ c#'ntr0 an$ she is g#verne$ ,0 a m#rnach.

11

t9i #$ !"u! ?'!- #u! !-c

me us you you him her them it

B b9ng Qng sau cc /i t& 2 cc giGi t& lm tn ng< A /70 6./0 #"em N a;;0 P.#" Ex: *he0 invite$ 's a++ (a++ #f 's) t# the part0 +ast night. B bQng sau /7 c$ th% 4Dng mt 4anh t& sH nhi0u trmc tip Ex: *he teacher has ma$e a +#t #f F'esti#ns f#r 's st'$ents.

1h

T[!" #$ 7b "c/
my your his her its our your their

B b9ng trEGc mt 4anh t& 2 chN sm s: h<u c;a ngE7i hoOc 2jt Hi 2Gi 4anh t& $5

1H

t9i #$ 7b "c/
mine ours yours yours his hers theirs its

B -gE7i ta 4Dng /i t& s: h<u % trnh Lhsi phSi nh`c l/i tInh t& s: h<u l 4anh t& i n$i : tr'n5 B b9ng u cu lm ch; ng< 2 =uyt >nh 2i?c chia ng t&5 B b9ng sau cc ph$ t& so snh nhE #"a! hoOc a7 Ex: Z#'r teacher is the same as his teacher. Z#'rs is the same as his. B b9ng sau ng t& #. Pe B b9ng Qng sau mt ng t& hnh ng lm tn ng<5 ^V

Ex: X f#rg#t m0 h#mew#r2. X f#rg#t mine

1M

t9i #$ B"a! #"u!

myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves

B CDng % 4izn /t ch; ng< lm mt 2i?c g@ cho chInh m@nh5 #rong trE7ng hFp ny n$ 9ng ngay Qng sau ng t& hoOc giGi t& 4.r : cuHi cu5 Ex: X washe$ m0se+f Pe sent the +etter t# himse+f. B CDng % nh1n m/nh 2o 2i?c ch; ng< tm lm l1y 2i?c g@( trong trE7ng hFp ny n$ 9ng ngay sau ch; ng<5 #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp n$ c$ th% 9ng : cuHi cu( Lhi n$i hYi ngEng l/i mt ch6t5 Ex: X m0se+f ,e+ieve that the pr#p#sa+ is g##$. 3he prepare$ the nine-c#'rse mea+ herse+f. B B6 N .!e7e;4 O mD# mv!" Ex) j#hn washe$ the $ishes ,0 himse+f (a+#ne)

^y

Tu! !-c
-.ng t/ "#ng lm t0n ng1 JhKng phSi b1t c9 ng t& no trong ting Anh c8ng 0u Mi hsi tn ng< 9ng sau n$ l mt 4anh t&5 Mt sH cc ng t& l/i Mi hsi tn ng< sau n$ phSi l mt ng t& Lhc5 "h6ng chia lm hai lo/i5

1 tD!- #$ !-/6w! #"_ ;* #u! !-c

B BSng 4EGi y l nh<ng ng t& Mi hsi tn ng< sau n$ l mt ng t& nguy'n th% Lhc5 agrZZ 4ZsirZ hopZ plan stri2Z attZmpt ZWpZct intZn4 prZparZ tZn4 claim uail lZarn prZtZn4 tant 4Zci4Z uorgZt nZZ4 rZuusZ tish 4Zman4 hZsitatZ ouuZr sZZm

Ex: j#hn e/pects t# ,egin st'$0ing +aw ne/t semester.

h VerP -i!- 5s!- ;*m #u! !-c

BSng 4EGi y l nh<ng ng t& Mi hsi tn ng< thZo sau n$ phSi l mt VerP - i!a4mit apprZciatZ a2oi4 cant hZlp consi4Zr 4Zlay 4Zny Znoy uinish min4 miss postponZ practicZ =uit rZcall rZpZat rZsZnt rZsist rZsumZ risL suggZst Ex: j#hn a$mitte$ stea+ing the 1ewe+s. B ]Eu k rQng trong bSng ny c$ m3u ng t& )a!d# "e;B 5.i!-0 P/# 5. 7m#1 +",!- #"_ %$!- %'() B"ai ;*m -v Ex: Qith s'ch g##$ #ranges- we canYt he+p ,'0ing (,'t ,'0) tw# 2i+#s at a time. B -u muHn thnh ljp th% ph; >nh cho cc ng t& tr'n y 4Dng lm tn ng< phSi Ot !.# trEGc nguy'n th% hoOc verP - i!-5 B BSng 4EGi y l nh<ng ng t& m tn ng< sau n$ c$ th% l mt ng t& nguy'n th% hoOc mt verP - i!- m ng< nghRa LhKng thay ni5 bZgin cant stan4 continuZ 4rZa4 hatZ liLZ lo2Z prZuZr

^{

start

try

B ]Eu k rQng trong bSng ny c$ mt ng t& )a!d# 7#a!5 #. 5.05.i!- 7m#1 +",!- #"_ )"@/ %j!- %'() +"i B"ai ;*m -v Ex: Pe canYt stan$ t# wait+ waiting s'ch a +#ng time.

H B:! %D!- #$ %n) PiU#

B b$ l nh<ng ng t& m ng< nghRa c;a ch6ng s ni Lhc hon ton Lhi tn ng< sau n$ l mt ng t& nguy'n th% hoOc verP - i!-5 1) S#.B #. 5. 7m#1 5$!- ;9i %_ ;*m -v h) S#.B 5.i!- 7m#1 5$!- ;*m viU) -v H) RememPer #. 5. 7m#1 N"S 7x B"ai ;*m -v Ex: X remem,er t# sen$ a +etter at the p#st #ffice t#m#r#w m#rning. M) RememPer 5.i!- 7m#1 N"S ;* %y ;*m -v Ex: X remem,er +#c2ing the $##r ,ef#re +eaving- ,'t n#w X canYt fin$ the 2e0. B bOc bi?t n$ thE7ng EFc 4Dng 2Gi m3u cuA S N 7#i;; rememPer N V-i!- 1 Vz! )k! !"S ;* %y Ex: X sti++ remem,er ,'0ing the first m#t#r,i2e I) F.r-e# #. 5. 7m#1 R/w! 7x B"ai ;*m -v Ex: X f#rg#t t# pic2'p m0 chi+$ after sch##+ K) F.r-e# 5.i!- 7m#1 (C"G %'() 5s!- #r.!- )>) mz/ )u/ B"^ %@!" B bOc bi?t n$ thE7ng EFc 4Dng 2Gi m3u cu S N wi;; !ever 4.r-e# N V-i!-1 7x +",!Pa. -i8 R/w! %'() ;* %y Ex: 3he wi++ never f#rget meeting the 'een. q) Re-re# #. 5. 7m#1 L]6 ;*m #i&) vv B"ai (#"'8!- P>. #i! ?]/) Ex: Qe regret t# inf#rm the passengers that the f+ight f#r Qashingt#n oJ was cance+e$ ,eca'se #f the ,a$ weather. r) Re-re# 5.i!- 7m#1 L]6 ;*m #i&) vv %y Ex: Pe regrets +eaving sch##+ ear+0. XtYs a ,ig mista2e.

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M C>) %D!- #$ %e!- 7a/ -iSi #$

B #1t cS cc ng t& 9ng sau giGi t& 0u phSi : 4/ng V-i!B Mt sH cc ng t& thE7ng i Lm 2Gi giGi t& #. JhKng EFc nhm l3n giGi t& ny 2Gi #. c;a ng t& nguy'n th%5 )Zrb l prZpositions l )xing appro2Z ou bZ bZttZr ou count on gi2Z up insist on LZZp on rZly on succZZ4 in thinL abount torry abount obZct to looL uortar4 to Ex: Ure$ c#nfesse$ t# stea+ing the 1ewe+s A4Zcti2Z l prZpositions l )xing accustomZ4 to aurai4 ou capablZ ou intZnt on intZrZstZ4 in succZssuul in Ex: "itch is afrai$ #f getting marrie$ n#w. -oun l prZpositions l )xing choicZ ou ZWcusZ uor intZntion ou possibility ou rZason uor Ex: *here is n# reas#n f#r +eaving this ear+0.

4ZpZn4 on put ouu thinL ou conuZss to

uon4 ou tirZ4 ou

mZtho4 uor amZtho4 oug

B JhKng phSi b1t c9 tInh t& no c8ng 0u Mi hsi sau n$ l mt giGi t& l V-i!-5 -h<ng tInh t& : bSng sau l/i Mi hsi sau n$ l mt ng t& nguy'n th%5 anWious boring ZagZr Zasy plZasZ4 prZparZ4 usual common Ex: Xt is $anger#'s t# $rive in this weather. 4angZrous goo4 rZa4y 4iuuicult har4 strangZ ablZ

B aP;e0 /!aP;e #. 5. 7m# O )aBaP;e0 i!)aBaP;e .4 5.i!- 7m#

I V]! %V )>) %9i #$ %e!- #r'S) %D!- #$ !-/6w! #"_ ".n) V-i!5s!- ;*m #u! !-c
B b9ng trEGc mt ng t& nguy'n th% lm tn ng< th@ 4/ng c;a /i t& 2 4anh t& s l tn ng<5 allot in2itZ asL or4Zr bZg pZrmit ^~ con2incZ pZrsua4Z ZWpZct prZparZ instruct promisZ

rZmin4

urgZ

tant

S + ! + complement form "pronoun/ noun# + $to + verb%

Ex: j#e as2e$ "ar0 t# ca++ him when she w#2e 'p. Ex: Qe #r$ere$ him t# appear in c#'rt. B #uy nhi'n 9ng trEGc mt V- i!- lm tn ng< th@ 4/ng c;a /i t& 2 4anh t& s l s: h<u5
Subject + verb + possessive form "pronoun/ noun# + verb-ing

Ex: Qe 'n$erstan$ 0#'r n#t ,eing a,+e t# sta0 +#nger. Ex: Qe #,1ect t# their ca++ing at this h#'r.

C>)" 7E 5W!- )>) %D!- #$ P>! +"i&m +"/6&#

1 Nee5
1) Ds!- !"' mD# %D!- #$ #"'8!-1 %'() 7E 5W!- ra 7a. )k! #s6 v*. )"^ !-c )^a !Q
a) Z"i )"^ !-c ;* mD# %D!- vp# N !ee5 N #. N verP Ex: "0 frien$ nee$s t# +earn 3panish. P) Z"i )"^ !-c ;* mD# P]# %D!- vp# N !ee5 N #. Pe N Ph0 V-i!Ex: *he grass nee$s c'tting OS *he grass nee$s t# ,e c't
&ee' ( to be in nee' of + noun

Ex: ji++ is in nee$ #f m#ne0 (ji++ nee$s m#ne0). B Ya!# v* ReR/ire c8ng EFc 4Dng thZo m3u cu ny
)ant/ *e+uire + verb-ing

Ex: Z#'r hair wants c'tting Ex) A++ ears reF'ire servicing reg'+ar+0

h) Nee5 %'() 7E 5W!- !"' mD# %D!- #$ +"i&m +"/6&#

B ]uKn : 4/ng hi?n t/i5 B -gKi th9 ba sH It LhKng c$ 272 tjn cDng B "hN 4Dng : th% nghi 21n 2 ph; >nh B JhKng 4Dng 2Gi trF ng t& #. 5. B Sau !ee5 phSi l mt ng t& bs _#.2 Ex: Qe nee$nYt reserve seats - there wi++ ,e p+ent0 #f r##ms. Ex: Nee$ X fi++ #'t the f#rm i B CDng sau cc t& nhE i40 w"e#"er0 .!;60 7)ar)e;60 "ar5;60 !. .!e Ex: X w#n$er if X nee$ fi++ #'t the f#rm *his is the #n+0 f#rm 0#' nee$ fi++ #'t. B Nee5!d# N "ave N Ph 1 Lx ra +",!- )<! B"ai Ex: Z#' nee$nYt have came s# ear+0 - #n+0 waste 0#'r time.

hT

Lu : Nee5!d# O +",!- )<! B"ai #r.!- +"i m/7#!d# O +",!- %'() B"{B

h Dare
1) Z"i 5s!- vSi !-"|a ;* 25>m2
B JhKng 4Dng : th% Lhng >nh( chN 4Dng : th% nghi 21n 2 ph; >nh5 -$ c$ th% 4Dng 2Gi trF ng t& #. 5. hoOc 2Gi chInh bSn thn n$5 bng t& sau n$ 20 mOt lk thuyt l c$ #. nhEng tr'n thmc t thE7ng bs5 Ex: oi$ the0 $are (t#) $# s'ch a thing 4 oare$ the0 $# s'ch a thing Ex: Pe $i$nYt $are (t#) sa0 an0thing 4 Pe $are$ n#t sa0 an0thing. B Dare LhKng EFc 4Dng : th% Lhng >nh ngo/i tr& thnh ng< I 5are 7a60 I 5are7a6 2Gi ^ nghRa sauA *:i ch# ryng) X $are sa0 there wi++ ,e a resta'rant car at the en$ #f the train *:i thAa nh`n +5) X $aresa0 0#' are right. B f.w 5are0 5are5 N S N VerP i! 7imB;e 4.rm1 Sa. 5>m (#l 7j -ip! -ic) Ex: P#w $are$ 0#' #pen m0 +etter) 3a# m50 $6m ms th cDa ta#.

h) Dare 5s!- !"' mD# !-.9i %D!- #$

B Mang nghRa thch th9cA Dare 7P #. 5. 7m#1 T">)" ai ;*m -v Ex: *he0 $are the ,#0 t# swim acr#ss the river in s'ch a c#+$ weather.

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C>)" 7E 5W!- #. Pe #r.!- mD# 7: #r'8!"(B

B T. Pe .4 N !./! O #. "ave1 )Q (5s!- %_ )"G #[!" )"]# ".n) #v!" )am) Ex: "ar0 is #f a gent+e nat're) "ar0 cq met ,wn chCt t tb. B T. Pe .4 N !./!1 N"]! m9!" )". 5a!" #$ %e!- %}!- 7a/ Ex: *he new+0-#pene$ resta'rant is #f (s nga0) the &eceister 3F'are B T. Pe N #. N verP1 ;* 59!- )]/ #9. %n) PiU# %'() 7E 5W!- #r.!- !"c!- #r'8!"(B 7a/1 b% truy0n /t cc m?nh l?nh hoOc cc chN 43n t& ngKi th9 nh1t =ua ngKi th9 hai n ngKi th9 ba5 Ex: N# #ne is t# +eave this ,'i+$ing with#'t the permissi#n #f the p#+ice. CDng 2Gi m?nh 0 i4 Lhi m?nh 0 chInh 4izn /t mt cu ti0n i0u Li?nA Mt i0u phSi WSy ra trEGc nh1t nu mt i0u Lhc s WSy ra5 Ex2: Xf we are t# get there ,0 +'nch time we ha$ ,etter h'rr0. Ex3: 3mt m'st ,e $#ne F'ic2+0 if the en$angere$ ,ir$s are t# ,e save. Ex4: Pe 2new he w#'+$ have t# w#r2 har$ if he was t# pass his e/am bEFc 4Dng % thKng bo nh<ng y'u cu Win chN 43n Ex: Pe as2e$ the air traffic c#ntr#+ where he was t# +an$. bEFc 4Dng r1t phn bin % truy0n /t mt 4m >nh( mt sm s`p Ot( Oc bi?t Lhi n$ l chInh th9c5 Ex2: 3he is t# get marrie$ ne/t m#nth. Ex3: *he e/pe$iti#n is t# start in a wee2. Ex4: Qe are t# get a ten percent wage rise in j'ne. "1u tr6c ny r1t thKng 4ng tr'n bo chI( Lhi l tma 0 bo th@ #. Pe EFc bs i % tit Li?m ch|5 Ex: *he Grimer "inister (is) t# ma2e a statement t#m#rr#w. B were N S N #. N verP O i4 N S N were N #. N verP O #"& !&/ (5iF! %9# mD# -ia #"/6&#) Ex: Qere X t# te++ 0#' that he passe$ his e/ams- w#'+$ 0#' ,e+ieve me. B wa70 were N #. N verP1 t_ 5iF! %9# ~ #'b!- vV mD# 7: mU!" %y %@!" 7! hh

Ex2: *he0 sai$ g##$,0e with#'t 2n#wing that the0 were never t# meet again. Ex3: 3ince ]R_- American Gresi$ents e+ecte$ in 0ears en$ing 7er# were t# ,e $ie$ (have ,een $estine$ t# $ie)in #ffice. B #. Pe aP./# #. N verP O !ear 4/#/re (7B 7Ea) Ex: *he0 are a,#'t t# +eave. B #rong mt sH 4/ng cu Oc bi?t B Be N a5X mb %</ )". mD# !-c O #l ra Ex: He care+ess (*E ra ,Ct cn...) in a nati#na+ par2 where there are ,ears ar#'n$ an$ the res'+t are +i2e+0 t# ,e tragica+ in$ee$ B Be N 7/PXe)# N !./!0 !./! B"ra7e0 a5Xe)#ive O )". 5s ;* Ex) 3#cieties have f#'n$ vari#'s meth#$s t# s'pp#rt an$ train their artists- ,e it ach# $> +5...) the Senaissance s0stem #f r#0a+ s'pp#rt #f the sc'+pt#rs an$ painters #f the peri#$ #r the japanese tra$iti#n #f passing artistic 2n#w+e$ge fr#m father t# s#n. Ex: *# have techniF'e is t# p#ssess the ph0sica+ e/pertise t# perf#rm whatever steps a given w#r2 ma0 c#ntain- ,e the0 simp+e #r c#mp+e/) (Jq =c 2 th'`t +5 sx cq =c sK iB' +'0%n vh mut cc th@ @ thKc hi%n ,Ct 2 nhng ,c v n5# m5 met i%' v z rnh sn cq th@ ,a# gm- ch# $> +5 chng cn giwn ha0 ph8c t!p)

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C>)" 7E 5W!- #. -e# #r.!- mD# 7: #r'8!"(B %n) PiU#

1 T. -e# N Ph
B -e# wa7"e50 5re77e50 BreBare50 ;.7#0 5r.w!e50 e!-a-e50 marrie50 5iv.r)e5 Jht vi%c chD ng tK +5m +C0 h#uc tr!ng th6i m5 chD ng ang s tr#ng q. Ex: Z#' wi++ have l min'tes t# get $resse$ (... tK muc F'fn 6#) Ex: Pe g#t +#st in #+$ "ar2et 3treet 0ester$a0. (tr!ng th6i +!c) B #uy?t nhi'n LhKng EFc l3n trE7ng hFp ny 2Gi ng t& b> ng5 B bng t& #. Pe c$ th% 4Dng thay th cho -e# trong lo/i cu ny5

h Ge# N V-i!- O S#ar# N V-i!-1 B# %</ ;*m -v

Ex: QeY$ ,etter g#t m#ving- itYs +ate.

H Ge# 7P07m# NV-i!-1 L*m ai0 )>i -v P# %</

Ex: G+ease get him ta+2ing a,#'t the main tas2. (&5m cn ,w# anh ta ,It f' nqi vh nhi%m v chnh i) Ex: Qhen we get the heater r'nning- the wh#+e car wi++ start t# warm 'p. (Mhi chng ta ch# m60 ssi ,It f' ch!0)

M Ge# N #. N verP
B #@m EFc cch5 Ex: Qe c#'+$ get t# enter the sta$i'ms with#'t tic2ets.(Jhng t:i z t}m =c c6ch +t v5#...) B "$ cY may5 Ex: Qhen $# X get t# have a pr#m#ti#n.(Mhi n5# t:i cq cc ma0 =c t9ng +cng d0) B bEFc phep Ex: At +ast we g#t t# meet the genera+ $irect#r. (J';i c>ng th} ri chng t:i cng =c phgp gup)

I Ge# N #. N VerP ()"G v]! %V "*!" %D!-) O C.me N #. N VerP ()"G v]! %V !"p! #"e)) O Gra5/a;;6 O 5<! 5<!
Ex: Qe wi++ get t# spea2 Lng+ish m#re easi+0 as time g#es ,0. Ex) Pe c#mes t# 'n$erstan$ that +earning Lng+ish is n#t m'ch $iffic'+t

hV

Cu/ "li
#ing Anh c$ nhi0u lo/i cu hsi bao gm nh<ng ch9c ncng 2 mc Ich Lhc nhau

1 Cu/ "li Ae70 N.

au,iliary be 'o- 'oes- 'i' + S + ! ...

B S: 4R gXi l nhE 2jy 2@ Lhi trS l7i EFc 4Dng Ae70 N. : u cu5 -'n nhG rQng A Ae7 N P.7i#ive verP N. N Ne-a#ive verP tuy?t Hi LhKng EFc trS l7i thZo Li%u cu ting )i?t5

h Cu/ "li #",!- P>.

B ] lo/i cu 4Dng 2Gi mt lo/t cc /i t& nghi 21n

a) Y".0 w"a# ;*m )"^ !-c

ho + verb + "complement# + "mo'ifier# hat

B b9ng u cu lm ch; ng< 2 =uyt >nh 2i?c chia ng t&5 bng t& sau n$ nu : th7i hi?n t/i phSi chia : ngKi th9 h sH It5 Ex: Qhat happene$ +ast night i

P) Y".m0 w"a# ;*m #u! !-c

hom hat + au,iliary 'o- 'oes- 'i' + S + ! + "mo'ifier#

B "h6ng 23n 9ng u cu nhEng lm tn ng< cho cu hsi5 -'n nhG rQng trong ting Anh =ui chun b`t buc phSi 4Dng w".m mOc 4D trong 2cn n$i c$ th% 4Dng w". thay cho w".m aLi )g Pa!) Ex: Qhat $i$ .e#rge ,'0 at the st#re.

hy

)) Cu/ "li !"m v*. )>) P !-c1 Y"e!3 Y"ere3 f.w v* Y"6
hen here ho hy au,iliary + be 'o- 'oes- 'i' + S + ! + complement + mo'ifier

Ex: P#w $i$ "aria get t# sch##+ t#$a0 i

H Cu/ "li -i>! #i&B

] lo/i cu mang nh<ng Oc tInh nhE sauA B "u c$ hai thnh phn nHi 2Gi nhau bQng mt /i t& nghi 21n5 B bng t& : m?nh 0 hai phSi Ot WuKi thZo ch; ng<( LhKng EFc c1u t/o cu hsi5 B b/i t& nghi 21n LhKng chN l T t& m cMn bao gm ^ hoOc h t&5
S + ! "phrase# + +uestion or' + S + !

Ex: *he a'th#rities canYt fig're #'t wh0 the p+ane +an$e$ at the wr#ng airp#rt.
au,iliary + S + ! + +uestion or' + S + !

Ex: o# 0#' 2n#w where he went i. B =/e7#i.! w.r5 c$ th% l mt B"ra7e1 w".7e N !./!3 ".w ma!63 ".w m/)"3 ".w ;.!-3 ".w .4#e!3 w"a# #ime3 w"a# +i!5 Ex: X have n# i$ea h#w +#ng the interview wi++ ta2e.

M Cu/ "li )Q %/,i

B "u chia lm hai thnh phn tch bi?t nhau b:i 41u phy5 B -u ng t& : thnh phn chInh chia : th% Lhng >nh th@ ng t& : phn uKi chia : th% ph; >nh 2 ngEFc l/i5 B #h7i c;a ng t& : uKi phSi thZo th7i c;a ng t& : m?nh 0 chInh5 B bng t& thE7ng 4Dng 2Gi trF ng t& #. 5. "c ng t& : th7i Lep 4Dng 2Gi chInh trF ng t& c;a n$5 bng t& #. Pe EFc phep 4Dng trmc tip5 B "c thnh ng< #"ere i7( thZrZ are 2 i# i7 EFc 4Dng l/i : phn uKi5 B #rong ting Anh c;a ngE7i M( #. "ave l ng t& thE7ng( 4o 2jy n$ phSi 4Dng 2Gi trF ng t& #. 5. Ex2: Z#' have tw# chi+$ren- $#nYt 0#' i Ex3: Pe sh#'+$ sta0 in ,e$- sh#'+$nYt he i Ex4: 3he has ,een st'$0ing Lng+ish f#r tw# 0ears- hasnYt she i ]Eu kA Lhi sf 4ng lo/i cu hsi ny n'n nhG rQng ngE7i hsi chN nhQm % Lhng >nh k Lin c;a m@nh i bit ch9 LhKng nhQm % hsi5 Co $ Lhi ch1m cu hi%u trong #[!\]( phSi 4ma 2o th% ng t& c;a m?nh 0 chInh ch9 LhKng 4ma 2o th% ng t& : phn uKi5 Ex: j#hn can get "ar0 t# p+a0 this- canpt hei h{

J#rrect answer) j#hn ,e+ieves that "ar0 wi++ p+a0 this f#r 's.

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L:i !Qi B"W "a +"!- %@!" v* B"^ %@!"

1 Z"!- %@!"
B ] lHi n$i ph hXa l/i k Lhng >nh c;a ngE7i Lhc tEYng EYng 2Gi c1u tr6c ting )i?t c8ng th5 B "1u tr6c EFc 4Dng s l 7.3 #.. B bng t& #. Pe EFc phep 4Dng trmc tip( ng t& thE7ng 4Dng 2Gi trF ng t& #. 5. "c ng t& : th7i Lep a\uturZ( pZruZct( progrZssi2Zg 4Dng 2Gi chInh trF ng t& c;a n$5
affirmative statement "be# + and + S + ! "be) + too so + ! "be) + S

Ex: X am happ0- an$ 0#' are t## X am happ0- an$ s# are 0#'.
affirmative statement + and + "compoun' verb# S + au,iliary only + too so + au,iliary only + S

Ex: *he0 wi++ w#r2 in the +a, t#m#rr#w- an$ 0#' wi++ t##. *he0 wi++ w#r2 in the +a, t#m#rr#w- an$ s# wi++ 0#'.
affirmative statement + and + "single verb e,cept be) S + do, does, or did + too so + do, does, or did + S

Ex: jane g#es t# that sch##+- an$ m0 sister $#es t##. jane g#es t# that sch##+- an$ s# $#es m0 sister.

h P"^ %@!"
B b% ph hXa l/i k ph; >nh c;a ngE7i Lhc( tEYng EYng 2Gi c1u tr6c ting )i?t c8ng LhKng5 B #hnh ng< EFc sf 4ng s l ei#"er 2 !ei#"er -'n nhG rQngA Ei#"er N !e-a#ive verP Nei#"er N B.7i#ive verP B Sf 4ng giHng lHi n$i ph hXa Lhng >nh 2Gi h lo/iA #. Pe3 ng t& thE7ng 2 cc ng t& : th7i Lep5

h~

negative statement + and +

S + negative au,iliary or be + either neither + positive au,iliary or be + S

Ex: X $i$nYt see "ar0 this m#rning- an$ j#hn $i$nYt either X $i$nYt see "ar0 this m#rning- an$ neither $i$ j#hn. Lu : J6c +;i nqi me too v5 me neithe, cht =c $>ng tr#ng v9n nqi- t'0%t ;i 2h:ng =c $>ng tr#ng v9n vibt.

Cu/ B"^ %@!"

t_ )]/ #9. )u/ B"^ %@!" %n# !.# 7a/1 B bng t& #. Pe x #rF ng t& #. 5. c;a ng t& thE7ng x cc trF ng t& : th7i Lep5 B bOt a!6 Qng trEGc 4anh t& % nh1n m/nh trong ph; >nh5 -'n nhG rQng trong ting Anh c;a ngE7i M th@ !.# a!6 N !./! O !.# a 7i!-;e !./! Ex: Pe $i$nYt se++ a sing+e maga7ine 0ester$a0. B #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp % nh1n m/nh 2o ph; >nh c;a 4anh t&5 -gE7i ta % ng t& : 4/ng Lhng >nh 2 Ot !. trEGc 4anh t&5 ]6c $ !. O !.# a# a;; B MD# 7: )>) )u/ "li b 59!- B"^ %@!" 7x ma!- "ai !-"|a1

B -h1n m/nh cho sm Lhng >nh c;a ngE7i n$i5

Ex: 3h#'+$nYt 0#' p't #n 0#'r hat- t##m ) *hb th} anh cng ei +':n m v5# i. Ex: oi$nYt 0#' sa0 that 0#' w#'+$ c#me t# the part0 t#night) *hb anh z chng nqi +5 anh i $K ti%c t;i na0 ha0 sa#.

B CDng % tn 4EYng
Ex: QasnYt the weather w#n$erf'+ 0ester$a0) *hi tibt h:m F'a p t'0%t vi. Ex: Q#'+$nYt it ,e nice that we $i$nYt have t# w#r2 #n Uri$a0) *h`t +5 t'0%t vi 2hi chng ta 2h:ng phwi +5m vi%c ng50 th8 . B Ne-a#ive N Ne-a#ive O P.7i#ive (emB"a7iCi!- - N"]! m9!") Ex: XtYs 'n,e+ievea,+e he is n#t rich. B Ne-a#ive N ).mBara#ive (m.re0 ;e77) O 7/Ber;a#ive Ex: X c#'+$nYt agree with 0#' +ess 4 a,s#+'te+0 $isagree. Ex: Z#' c#'+$nYt have g#ne t# the ,each #n a ,etter $a0 4 the ,est $a0 t# g# t# the ,each.

-hEng phSi ht s9c cn thjn 2@ A

Ex: Pe c#'+$nYt have ,een m#re 'nfrien$+0 (the m#st 'nfrien$+0) when X met him first. Ex: *he s'rger0 c#'+$nYt have ,een m#re 'nnecessar0 (a,s#+'te+0 'nnecessar0).

B Ne-a#ive eve!07#i;; ;e770m/)" ;e77 N !./!0 verP i! 7imB;e 4.rm1 LhKng 555 m l/i cng LhKng5
Ex: *hese st'$ents $#nYt +i2e rea$ing n#ve+- m'ch +ess te/t,##2. Ex: XtYs 'n,e+ievea,+e h#w he c#'+$ have s'rvive$ s'ch a freefa++- m'ch +ess +ive t# te++ a,#'t it #n te+evisi#n B Mt sH cc ph$ t& trong ting Anh mang nghRa ph; >nh( Lhi i 4Dng n$ trong cu LhKng EFc c1u t/o th% ph; >nh c;a ng t& n<a5 "ar5;63 Pare;63 7)ar)e;6 O a;m.7# !. O "</ !"' +",! "ar5;6ever3 7e;5.m3 rare;6 O a;m.7# !ever O "</ !"' +",!- Pa. -i8

UT

su b j ec t + ne g a t iv e a 'v er b + po sit iv e v e r b su b j ec t + t o b e + n e g a t iv e a ' v er b

o]Eu k rQng cc ph$ t& ny LhKng mang nghRa ph; >nh hon ton m mang nghRa gn nhE ph; >nh5 bOc bi?t l nh<ng t& nhE Pare;6 2 7)ar)e;6 Lhi i 2Gi nh<ng t& nhE e!./-" 2 .!;6 hoOc nh<ng thnh ng< chN sm chInh Wc5 Ex: 3he ,are+0 ma2e it t# c+ass #n time) J: ta bn +p vAa vun ng gi. Ex: o# 0#' have en#'gh m#ne0 f#r the t'ti#n feei On+0 ,are+0 (3carce+0 en#'gh))VAa D5 B bHi 2Gi nh<ng ng t& nhE #. #"i!+3 #. Pe;ieve3 #. 7/BB.7e3 #. ima-i!e N #"a# N 7e!#e!7e5 hSi c1u t/o ph; >nh : cc ng t& $( LhKng EFc c1u t/o ph; >nh : m?nh 0 th9 hai5 Ex: X $#nYt thin2 0#' came t# c+ass 0ester$a0. Ex: X $#nYt ,e+ieve she sta0s at h#me n#w. B #rong 4/ng inuormal stan4ar4 !nglish ating Anh =ui chun 4Dng thE7ng ngyg mt c1u tr6c ph; >nh ngEng LhKng mang nghRa ph; >nh Ki Lhi EFc sf 4ng sau nh<ng k chN sm nghi ng7 hoOc LhKng ch`c ch`n( Oc bi?t l ph; >nh Lep5 Ex: X sh#'+$npt ,e s'prise$ if the0 $i$npt get marrie$ s##n (if the0 g#t marrie$ s##n). *:i sx 2h:ng +C0 +5m ng!c nhiBn nb' h +C0 nha' sm. Ex: X w#n$er whether X #'ghtnpt t# g# an$ see a $#ct#r. Xpm fee+ing a ,it f'nn0. *:i tK hEi /em +5 +i%' t:i cq nBn i 2h6m ,6c s 2h:ng. *:i... B N. ma##er N w".0w"a#0w"i)"0w"ere0w"e!0".w N SubZct l 2Zrb in prZsZntA CD c$555 i chcng n<a555 th@ Ex: N# matter wh# te+eph#nes- sa0 Xpm #'t. Jh# $> +5 ai gi bn th} hz0 ,w# +5 t:i i vIng. Ex: N# matter where 0#' g#- 0#' wi++ fin$ J#ca-J#+a Jh# $> anh cq i bn d'- anh cng sx t}m thC0 nc J#ca-J#+a o]Eu k TA -o mattZr tho r thoZ2ZrP -o mattZr that r thatZ2Zr Ex: N# matter what (whatever) 0#' sa0- X w#npt ,e+ieve 0#'. Jh# $> +5 m50 cq nqi g} i ch9ng na- ta# cng 2h:ng tin. o]Eu k ^A "c c1u tr6c ny c$ th% 9ng cuHi cu m LhKng cn c$ m?nh 0 thZo sauA Ex: X wi++ a+wa0s +#ve 0#'- n# matter what.

U^

MU!" ;U!" #"e)

"hia lm ^ lo/iA #rmc tip 2 gin tip5 B M?nh l?nh th9c trmc tip Ex: J+#se the $##r Ex: G+ease $#nYt t'rn #ff the +ight. B M?nh l?nh th9c gin tip 4Dng 2Gi mt sH ng t& #. .r5er0 a7+0 7a60 #e;; 7P0 5.0 !.# #. 5. 7m# Ex: j#hn as2e$ ji++ t# t'rn #ff the +ight. Ex: G+ease te++ jaime n#t t# +eave the r##m. Jh () let5s 2h6c let us Ex: +etYs g#) m}nh i n5# Ex: +et 's g#) @ chng t:i i i "u hsi c$ uKi c;a ;e#d7 l 7"a;; we Ex: &etYs g# #'t f#r $inner- sha++ we

Uh

tD!- #$ +"i&m +"/6&#

b$ l nh<ng ng t& : bSng sau 2 mang nh<ng Oc i%m prZsZnt tZnsZ qill "an May Shall must aha2Z tog past tZnsZ toul4 ausZ4 tog coul4 might shoul4 aought tog aha4 bZttZrg aha4 tog

B JhKng c$ ti%u t& 2#.2 Qng trEGc5 B bng t& no i sau n$ phSi bs 2#.2 B JhKng cn 4Dng 2Gi trF ng t& m 4Dng 2Gi chInh bSn thn n$ trong cc 4/ng cu nghi 21n 2 cu ph; >nh5 B JhKng bao gi7 hai ng t& Lhim Lhuyt i cDng nhau( nu c$ th@ ng t& th9 hai phSi bin sang mt 4/ng Lhc5 wi;; "ave #. (m/7#)3 wi;; Pe aP;e #. ()a!)3 wi;; Pe a;;.we5 #. (ma6)

UU

Cu/ %iV/ +iU!

1 tiV/ +iU! )Q #"_ #"j) "iU! %'() b "iU! #9i
I4 N S N 7imB;e Bre7e!# - S N wi;; ()a!3 7"a;;3 ma6) N VerP i! 7imB;e 4.rm Ex: Xf he tries m'ch m#re- he wi++ impr#ve his Lng+ish.

h tiV/ +iU! +",!- #"_ #"j) "iU! %'() b "iU! #9i

I4 N S N 7imB;e Ba7# - S N w./;5 ()./;53 7"./;53 mi-"#) N VerP i! 7imB;e 4.rm Ex: Xf X ha$ en#'gh m#ne0 n#w- X w#'+$ ,'0 this h#'se . bng t& #. Pe phSi chia l were : t1t cS cc ngKi5 Ex) Xf X were 0#'- X w#'+$nYt $# s'ch a thing. #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp( ngE7i ta bs i4 i 2 So were l'n tr'n ch; ng< awere I 6./ ;i )g Pa!)

H tiV/ +iU! +",!- #"_ #"j) "iU! %'() b R/> +"e

I4 N S N "a5 N Ph - S N w./;5()./;53 7"./;#3mi-"#) N "ave N Ph Ex: Xf he ha$ st'$ie$ har$er f#r that test- he w#'+$ have passe$ it. #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp ngE7i ta bs i4 i 2 So "a5 l'n phIa trEGc5 Lu : "u i0u Li?n LhKng phSi l6c no c8ng tun thZo =ui lujt tr'n5 #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp mt 2 c;a i0u Li?n s l =u Lh9 nhEng 2 cMn l/i : hi?n t/i 4o th7i gian =ui >nh5 Ex: Xf she ha$ ca'ght the train- she w#'+$ ,e here ,0 n#w.

UV

C>)" 7E 5W!- )>) %D!- #$ wi;;3 w./;53 )./;53 7"./;5 7a/ i4

#hKng thE7ng cc ng t& ny LhKng EFc sf 4ng 2Gi iu trong cu i0u Li?n( tuy nhi'n 23n c$ ngo/i l?5 B I4 6./ wi;;0w./;5 1 N&/ v/i ;k!- 5 #hE7ng EFc 4Dng trong cc y'u cu l>ch sm5 qoul4 l>ch sm hYn till5 Ex: Xf 0#' wi++/w#'+$ wait f#r a m#ment- X wi++ g# an$ see if "r J#nner is here. B I4 N S/PXe)# N Yi;;0Y./;5 1 N&/ )"@/ b% 4izn /t k tm nguy?n5 Ex: Xf he wi++ +istent t# me- X can he+p him. Yi;; cMn EFc 4Dng thZo m3u cu ny % 4izn /t sm ngoan cHA N&/ !"]# %@!"3 N&/ )e Ex: Xf 0#' wi++ t'rn #n the m'sic +#'$+0 +ate the night- n# w#n$er wh0 0#'r neigh,#'r c#mp+ain. B I4 6./ )./;51 i! v/i ;k!- Cizn /t l>ch sm T y'u cu m ngE7i n$i cho rQng ngE7i Lia s ng k nhE l mt l EYng nhi'n5 Ex: Xf 0#' c#'+$ #pen 0#'r ,##2- p+ease. B I4 N S/PXe)# N 7"./;5 N N imBera#ive (mU!" ;U!" #"e))1 V[ B"l!- !"' Cizn /t mt t@nh huHng 4D c$ th% WSy ra EFc song r1t Lh$5 Ex: Xf 0#' sh#'+$ fin$ an0 $ific'+t0 in 'sing that *V- p+ease ca++ me this n'm,er. #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp ngE7i ta bs i4 i 2 So 7"./;5 l'n tr'n ch; ng< a S"./;5 6./ 4i!5g

Uy

MD# 7: )>)" 5s!- #"wm )^a i4

1 I4 #"e!1 N&/ #"v

Ex: Xf she canpt c#me t# 's- then we wi++ have t# g# an$ see her.

h I4 5s!- #r.!- 59!- )u/ +",!- B"ai )u/ %iV/ +iU!1 tD!- #$ b )>) mU!" %V 5iF! Pi&! Pv!" #"'8!- #"e. #"8i -ia! )^a )"[!" !Q
Ex: Xf 0#' want t# +earn a m'sica+ instr'ment- 0#' have t# practice. Ex: Xf 0#' $i$ n#t $# m'ch maths at sch##+- 0#' wi++ fin$ ec#n#mics $iffic'+t t# 'n$erstan$. Ex: Xf that was "arr0- wh0 $i$npt she st#p an$ sa0 he++#.

H I4 7"./;5 O I4 "aBBe! #. O I4 7"./;5 "aBBe! #. 5iF! %9# 7j +",!- )") )"! (em #"wm B"<! 7E 5W!- 7"./;5 #r.!- mD# 7: #r'8!- "(B )W #"_)
L/) Xf 0#' sh#'+$ happen t# pass a s'permar2et- perhaps 0#' c#'+$ get s#me eggs. a-g nh m anh c$ t@nh c7 ghe =ua chF c$ l mua cho Zm It tr9ngg

M I4 wa70were #.
B Cizn /t i0u Li?n LhKng c$ thjt hoOc tE:ng tEFng : tEYng lai5 Ex: Xf the ,#ss was/were t# c#me in n#w (4 if the ,#ss came in n#w)- we w#'+$ ,e in rea+ tr#',+e. Ex: Qhat w#'+$ we $# if X was/were t# +#se m0 1#,. B poOc c$ th% 4izn /t mt k l>ch sm Lhi Ea ra 0 ngh> Ex: Xf 0#' were t# t# m#ve 0#'r chair a ,it- we c#'+$ a++ sit $#wn. a-u anh 2ui lMng 4>ch gh c;a anh ra mt ch6t th@ ch6ng ta c$ th% cDng ngi EFcg N.#e1 C]/ #r`) !*6 #/6U# %:i +",!- %'() 5s!- vSi )>) %D!- #$ #|!" ".n) )"G #r9!- #">i #' 5/6 Ex: J#rrect) Xf X 2new her name- X w#'+$ te++ 0#'. Xnc#rrect) Xf X was/were t# 2n#w...

I I4 i# N #. Pe N !.# N 4.r1 N&/ +",!- vv3 !&/ +",!- !"8 v*.

B #h7i hi?n t/iA

U{

Ex: Ex: Xf it wasnpt/werenpt f#r the chi+$ren- that c#'p+e w#'+$npt have an0 thing t# ta+2 a,#'t. a-u LhKng 2@ nh<ng 9a con th@ 2F chng nh 1y chS c$ chuy?n g@ m n$ig B #h7i =u Lh9A Ex: Ex: Xf it ha$npt ,een f#r 0#'r he+p- X $#npt 2n#w what we w#'+$ have $#ne. (Nb' 2h:ng nh v5# sK gip cDa anh th} t:i cng 2h:ng ,ibt +5 chng t:i sx +5m g} d0)

K N.# %,i +"i %'() #"wm v*. !"c!- %D!- #$ 7a/ i4 %_ P*6 #l 7j !-"i !-83 +",!- )") )"!
Ex: Ex: X w#n$er if we sh#'+$npt as2 the $#ct#r t# +##2 at "ar0.

q I# w./;5 i4 N 7/PXe)# N w./;5 #r.!- v! vi&#)

(7x ;*

!&/ i +",!- %'() 5s!-

Ex: Ex: Xt w#'+$ ,e ,etter if the0 w#'+$ te++ ever0 ,#$0 in a$vance. (3x +5 t;t hcn nb' h 2@ ch# mi ngi tA trc) Ex: Ex: P#w w#'+$ we fee+ if this w#'+$ happen t# #'r fami+0. (*a sx cwm thC0 thb n5# nb' ih' n50 /w0 ra ;i vi gia }nh chng ta.)

r I4 5 "ave "ave1 Ds!- #r.!- v! !Qi3 +",!- 5s!- #r.!- v! vi&#3 5iF! %9# %iV/ +iU! +",!- #"_ ?a6 ra b R/> +"e
Ex: L/) Xf Xp$ have 2n#wn- Xp$ have t#+$ 0#'. Ex: L/) Xf shep$ have rec#gni7e$ him it w#'+$ have ,een f'nn0.

T I4 N BreB.7i#i.! N !./!0verP

(7/PXe)# N Pe P@ ;'() Pl)

Ex: L/) Xf in $#',t- as2 f#r he+p ar,u you arZ in 4oubt) Ex: L/) Xf a,#'t t# g# #n a +#ng 1#'rne0- tr0 t# have a g##$ nights s+eep (4 Xf 0#' are a,#'t t# g# #n... )

1L

I4 5s!- +"> B" Pi&! vSi mD# 7: #$ !"' a!60a!6#"i!-0ever0!.# 5iF! %9# B"^ %@!"

Ex: *here is +itt+e if an0 g##$ evi$ence f#r f+0ing sa'cers. (4*here is +itt+e evi$ence if ther is an0 at a++- f#r f+0ing sa'cers) (Jq rCt t ,yng ch8ng vh <a ,a0- nb' F'w +5 cq met cht) Ex: Xpm n#t angr0. Xf an0thing- X fee+ a +itt+e s'rprise$. (*:i 2h:ng gi`n $ g} d'. "5 tr6i +!i t:i cwm thC0 hci ng!c nhiBn) B #hnh ng< ny cMn 4izn /t k Lin EGm thfA -u c$555 Ex: Xp$ sa0 he was m#re +i2e a father- if an0thing U}

(*:i /in nqi ryng :ng C0 c|n hcn cw met ngi cha- nb' cq th@ nqi thb.) Ex: Pe se+$#m if ever trave+ a,r#a$. (Anh ta chw mC0 2hi i ra nc ng#5i) Ex: Ts'a++0- if n#t a+wa0s- we write cann#t as #ne w#r$ a#hKng thE7ng( nhEng LhKng phSi l luKn luKn555 g

11

I4 N A5Xe)#ive O a;#"./-" ()". 5s ;*)

B -ghRa LhKng m/nh bQng although x CDng % 4izn /t =uan i%m ri'ng hoOc 21n 0 g@ $ LhKng =uan trXng5 Ex: Pis st0+e- if simp+e- is p+easant t# rea$. (V9n ph#ng cDa :ng ta- ch# $> +5 cn giwn- th} c cng th) Ex: *he pr#fits- if +itt+e +#wer than +ast 0earps- are sti++ e/treme+0 wea+th0 (&=i nh'`n- ch# $> +5 cq thCp hcn n9m F'a met cht- th} vn +5 rCt +n.) B "1u tr6c ny c$ th% thay bQng ma6 3 P/# Ex: Pis st0+e ma0 ,e simp+e- ,'t it is p+easant t# rea$.

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C>)" 7E 5W!- #. f.Be3 #. Yi7"

pai ng t& ny tuy cDng nghRa nhEng Lhc nhau 20 cch sf 4ng 2 bSn ch1t ng< php5 B bng t& c;a m?nh 0 sau ".Be ahi 2Xng rQngg s 4izn bin b@nh thE7ng thZo th7i gian c;a chInh m?nh 0 $5 B bng t& : m?nh 0 sau wi7" b`t buc phSi : 4/ng i0u Li?n LhKng th% thmc hi?n EFc5 bi0u Li?n $ chia lm h th7iA

1 tiV/ +iU! +",!- )Q #"p# b #'g!- ;ai

bng t& : m?nh 0 sau tish s c$ 4/ng w./;50)./;5 N VerP ".n) were N verP N i!-5 Ex) Qe wish that 0#' c#'+$ c#me t# the part0 t#night. (Z#' canYt c#me)

h tiV/ +iU! +",!- #"_ #"j) "iU! %'() b "iU! #9i

bng t& : m?nh 0 sau wi7" s chia : SimB;e Ba7#( #. Pe phSi chia l were : t1t cS cc ngKi5 Ex: X wish that X ha$ en#'gh time t# finish m0 h#mew#r2.

H tiV/ +iU! +",!- #"_ #"j) "iU! %'() b R/> +"e

bng t& : m?nh 0 sau wi7" s chia : Pa7# Ber4e)# ".n) )./;5 "ave N Ph Ex: X wish that X ha$ washe$ the c+#thes 0ester$a0. 3he wishes that she c#'+$ have ,een there. o]Eu k TA bng t& : m?nh 0 sau wi7" chN c$ th% b> Snh hE:ng c;a wi7" l b`t buc phSi : 4/ng i0u Li?n LhKng th% thmc hi?n EFc nhEng i0u Li?n 1y : th7i no l/i ph thuc 2o chInh th7i gian c;a bSn thn m?nh 0 ch9 LhKng 2o wi7"5 Ex: 3he wishes that she c#'+$ have g#ne ear+ier 0ester$a0.(Gast) Ex: Pe wishe$ that he w#'+$ c#me t# visit me ne/t wee2.(U't're) Ex: *he ph#t#grapher wishe$ we st##$ c+#ther than we are stan$ing n#w. (Gresent). o]Eu k ^A "n phn bi?t wi7" aEGc g@P mong g@g 2Gi wi7" mang nghRa _ch6c_trong m3u cuA #. wi7" 7P 7m# Ex) X wish 0#' a happ0 ,irth$a0. o]Eu k hA 2 tish mang nghRa _muHn_A T. wi7" #. 5. 7m# aMuHn lm g@g T. wi7" 7mP #. 5. 7m# aMuHn ai lm g@g Ex: Qh0 $# 0#' wish t# see the manager Ex: X wish t# ma2e a c#mp+aint. V

Ex: *he g#vernment $#es n#t wish or.je20++ P0$e t# accept a pr#fess#rship at a f#reign 'niversit0. B Yi7" al>ch smP trang trXng nh1tg r w./;5 ;i+e al>ch smg r wa!# athn mjtg

VT

C>)" 7E 5W!- #"*!" !-c a7 i43 a7 #"./-" (-<! !"' ;*3 !"' #"_ ;*)
M?nh 0 Qng sau hai thnh ng< ny thE7ng Wuy'n : 4/ng i0u Li?n LhKng th% thmc hi?n EFc5 bi0u Li?n ny chia lm ^ th7iA B #h7i hi?n t/iA nu ng t& : m?nh 0 trEGc chia : th7i hi?n t/i Yn giSn th@ ng t& : m?nh 0 sau chia : =u Lh9 Yn giSn5 T. Pe phSi chia l were : t1t cS cc ngKi5 Ex: *he #+$ +a$0 $resses as if it were winter even in the s'mmer. (Xt is n#t winter) B #h7i =u Lh9A -u ng t& : m?nh 0 trEGc chia : =u Lh9 Yn giSn th@ ng t& : m?nh 0 sau chia : =u Lh9 hon thnh5 Ex: jeff +##2e$ as th#'gh he ha$ seen a gh#st. (Pe $i$nYt see a gh#st) Lu : M?nh 0 sau a7 i43 a7 #"./-" LhKng phSi l6c no c8ng tun thZo =ui lujt tr'n5 -u i0u Li?n trong cu l c$ thjt hoOc thZo =uan ni?m c;a ngE7i n$i( ngE7i 2it l c$ thjt th@ hai cKng th9c tr'n LhKng EFc sf 4ng5 bng t& : m?nh 0 sau 4izn bin b@nh thE7ng thZo mHi =uan h? : m?nh 0 chInh5 Ex: Pe +##2s as if he has finishe$ the test.

V^

U7e5 #.3 #. Pe0-e# /7e5 #.

B U7e5 #. N VerP1 #hE7ng hay i t&ng5 "hN mt th$i =uZn( mt hnh ng thE7ng Wuy'n WSy ra trong =u Lh95 Ex: Qhen oavi$ was 0#'ng- he 'se$ t# swim #nce a $a0. (past time ha,it) N-"i v]!1 Di5 N S N /7e5 #. N VerP O U7e5 N S N #. N V P"^ %@!"1 S N 5i5!d# N /7e5 #. N VerP O S N /7e5 !.# #. N V5 B T. Pe0 #. -e# /7e5 #. N V-i!-0 N./!A #r: n'n =uZn 2Gi5 Ex: Pe is 'se$ t# swimming ever0 $a0. Ex) Pe g#t 'se$ t# American f##$ 6]Eu kA U7e5 #. N V c$ th% thay bQng w./;5 nhEng It Lhi 2@ 4z nhm l3n5

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C>)" 7E 5W!- #"*!" !-c w./;5 ra#"er

w./;5 ra#"er #"a! O Bre4er #. O #"[)" "g! ;* B bQng sau w./;5 ra#"er b`t buc phSi l mt ng t& bs #. nhEng sau Bre4er l mt V-i!- 2 c$ th% bs i EFc5 B Jhi w./;5 ra#"er #"a! mang nghRa #"* )k! "g! ;* th@ Bre4er #. LhKng th% thay th EFc5 Ex: *he0 w#'+$ rather $ie in free$#m than +ive in s+aver0. Ex) Pe prefers $#gs t# cat (Anh ta thch chq hcn m{#) Ex) Pe w#'+$ rather have $#gs than cats (Anh ta th5 n':i chq hcn m{#) B )i?c sf 4ng w./;5 ra#"er cMn tDy thuc 2o sH "- 2 nghRa c;a cu5

1 L.9i )u/ )Q mD# )"^ !-c

"1u tr6c sf 4ng cho lo/i cu ny l w./;5 ra#"er #"a! l lo/i cu i0u Li?n LhKng thmc hi?n EFc 2 chia lm ^ th7iA B T"8i "iU! #9i1 Sau w./;5 ra#"er l nguy'n th% bs #. -u muHn thnh ljp th% ph; >nh Ot !.# trEGc nguy'n th% bs #. Ex: jim w#'+$ rather g# t# c+ass t#m#rr#w than t#$a0. B T"8i R/> +"e1 bng t& sau w./;5 ra#"er phSi l "ave N Ph3 nu muHn thnh ljp th% ph; >nh Ot !.# trEGc "ave Ex: jim w#'+$ rather have g#ne t# c+ass 0ester$a0 than t#$a0.

h L.9i )u/ )Q "ai )"^ !-c

]o/i cu ny 4Dng thnh ng< w./;5 ra#"er #"a# ('S) -v3 m.!- -v) 2 4Dng trong mt sH trE7ng hFp sauA

a) L.9i )u/ -ia %@!" b "iU! #9i

B ] lo/i cu ngE7i th9 nh1t muHn ngE7i th9 hai lm 2i?c g@ nhEng lm hay LhKng cMn ph thuc 2o ngE7i th9 hai5 #rong trE7ng hFp ny ng t& : m?ng 0 hai % : 4/ng nguy'n th% bs #. -u muHn thnh ljp th% ph; >nh Ot !.# trEGc nguy'n th% bs #. Ex: X w#'+$ rather that 0#' ca++ me t#m#rr#w. B -g< php hi?n /i ngy nay Oc bi?t l ng< php MR cho phep bs #"a# trong c1u tr6c ny m 23n gi< nguy'n h@nh th9c giS >nh5 Ex: Pe w#'+$ rather (that) he n#t ta2e this train.

VU

P) L.9i )u/ +",!- #"_ #"j) "iU! %'() b "iU! #9i

B bng t& sau ch; ng< hai s chia : 7imB;e Ba7#( #. Pe phSi chia l were : t1t cS cc ngKi5 Ex: Penr0 w#'+$ rather that his gir+frien$ w#r2e$ in the same $epartment as he $#es. Ex: jane w#'+$ rather that it were winter n#w. B -u muHn thnh ljp th% ph; >nh 4Dng 5i5!d# N VerP hoOc were !.# sau ch; ng< hai5

)) L.9i )u/ +",!- #"_ #"j) "iU! %'() b R/> +"e

B bng t& sau ch; ng< hai s chia : 4/ng Ba7# Ber4e)# B -u muHn thnh ljp th% ph; >nh 4Dng "a5!d# N Ph Ex: jim w#'+$ rather that ji++ ha$ g#ne t# c+ass 0ester$a0. Lu : #rong lHi n$i b@nh thE7ng hng ngy ngE7i ta 4Dng wi7" thay cho w./;5 ra#"er #"a#

VV

C>)" 7E 5W!- #"*!" !-c Y./;5 ;i+e

B Cizn /t mt cch l>ch sm l7i m7i mXc hoOc k m@nh muHn g@5 Ex: Q#'+$ 0#' +i2e t# $ance with me. B JhKng 4Dng 5. 6./ wa!# Lhi m7i mXc ngE7i Lhc5 B #rong ting Anh c;a ngE7i Anh( nu % 4izn /t sm Ea thIch c;a ch; ng< th@ sau ;i+e l mt V-i!Ex: Pe $#es +i2e rea$ing n#ve+. (ZnoymZnt) B -hEng % 4izn /t sm lma chXn hoOc th$i =uZn th@ sau ;i+e phSi l mt ng t& nguy'n th%5 Ex: Hetween the s#ccer an$ tenis- X +i2e t# see the f#rmer. (choicZ) Ex: Qhen ma2ing tea- he 's'a++0 +i2es t# p't s#me s'gar an$ a s+ice #f +em#n in first. (habit) B -hEng trong ting Anh ngE7i MR LhKng c$ sm phn bi?t nyA #1t cS sau ;i+e 0u l ng t& nguy'n th%5 B Y./;5!d# ;i+e r LhKng Ea trong Lhi 5.!d# wa!# r LhKng muHn5 Ex) Q#'+$ 0#' +i2e s#mem#re c#ffee i P.;i#e1 N#- than2s/ N#- X $#nYt want an0 m#re. ImB.;i#e1 X w#'+$nYt +i2e (th{m v5#) B ]Eu k rQng Lhi ;i+e EFc 4Dng 2Gi nghRa _)". ;* %`!-2 hoOc _)". ;* "a60 +",! !-.a!2 th@ bao gi7 thZo sau c8ng l mt nguy'n th% c$ #. ai!4i!i#ive) Ex) 3he +i2es the chi+$ren t# p+a0 in the gar$en (3he thin2 the0 are safe p+a0ing there) (J: C0 m';n ,n tr c#n chci tr#ng vn ch# chIc/ ch# an t#5n) Ex) X +i2e t# g# t# the $entist twice a 0ear (*:i m';n bn ,6c s< nha 2h#a a +fn n9m ch# chIc). B Y./;5 ;i+e O w./;5 )are 0;.ve0 "a#e0 Bre4er N #. N verP Lhi 4izn /t i0u Li?n cho mt hnh ng c th% : tEYng lai5 Ex) Q#'+$ 0#' +i2e/ care t# c#me with mei XY$ +#ve t# B Y./;5 ;i+e0 w./;5 )are 4.r0 w./;5 e!X.6 N VerP-i!- Lhi 4izn /t Lhu 2>( k thIch n$i chung c;a ch; ng<5 Ex) 3he w#'+$ +i2e/ w#'+$ en1#0 ri$ing if she c#'+$ ri$e ,etter. Ex) X w#n$er if *#m w#'+$ care f#r/ w#'+$ en1#0 hang-g+i$ing.

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C>)" 7E 5W!- )>) %D!- #$ +"i&m +"/6&# %_ 5iF! %9# )>) #r9!- #">i b "iU! #9i
1 C./;53 Ma63 Mi-"# N VerP i! 7imB;e 4.rm O CQ ;x3 )Q #"_
B "hN LhS ncng c$ th% WSy ra : hi?n t/i nhEng ngE7i n$i LhKng 4m ch`c5 a"S h ng t& 0u c$ gi tr> nhE nhaug5 Ex: Xt might rain t#m#rr#w.

h S"./;5 N VerP i! 7imB;e 4.rm

B Nw! 1 4izn /t mt l7i Lhuy'n( sm gFi k( sm b`t buc nhEng LhKng m/nh l`m5 B CQ +"i3 )Q ;x 1 Cizn /t ngE7i n$i mong muHn i0u $ s WSy ra5 aE?Be)#) B "c thnh ng< "a5 Pe##er3 ./-"# #.3 Pe 7/BB.7e5 #. 0u mang nghRa tEYng EYng 2Gi 7"./;5 2Gi i0u Li?n ng t& #. Pe trong thnh ng< Pe 7/BB.7e5 #. phSi chia : th7i hi?n t/i5 Ex: j#hn #'ght t# st'$0 t#night. Ex: j#hn is s'pp#se$ t# st'$0 t#night. Lu : #hnh ng< Pe 7/BB.7e5 #. ngoi ra cMn mang nghRaA R/i %@!" B"ai3 P# P/D) B"ai Ex: Qe are s'pp#se$ t# have a science test this aftern##n- ,'t it was p#stp#ne$ ,eca'se the teacher ha$ t# atten$ a c#nference.

H M/7# N VerP i! 7imB;e 4.rm

B P"ai1 mang nghRa b`t buc r1t m/nh5 Ex: .e#rge m'st ca++ his ins'rance agent t#$a0. B f! ;*1 chN sm suy lujn logic 4ma tr'n nh<ng hi?n tEFng c$ thjt : hi?n t/i5 Ex: j#hnYs +ights are #'t. Pe m'st ,e as+eep. B -gE7i ta 4Dng "ave #. thay cho m/7# trong cc trE7ng hFp sau u Lh9 r "a5 #. Ex: "rs.Minse0 ha$ t# pass an e/aminati#n ,ef#re she c#'+$ practice +aw. #EYng lai r wi;; "ave #. Ex: Qe wi++ have t# ta2e an e/am ne/t wee2. pi?n t/iA fave #. EFc 4Dng thay cho m/7# % hsi WZm bSn thn m@nh b`t buc phSi lm g@ hoOc % 4izn /t sm b`t buc 4o Lhch =uan Zm l/i5 .iSm nhd tInh b`t buc c;a m/7#

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Ex: .'est) o# X have t# +eave a $ep#sit. Secepti#nist) N#- 0#' nee$nYt. H't 0#' have t# +eave 0#'r X.o car$ n'm,er written $#wn in this register. XYm s#rr0 ,'t thatYs the wa0 it is. Lu : fave -.# #. N VerP O m/7# Ex: Pe has g#t t# g# t# the #ffice t#night. (*hng $>ng nhih' tr#ng v9n nqi). v5 thng /'0Bn $>ng ch# nhng h5nh eng cn +- t6ch ,i%t. Ex) X have t# w#r2 ever0$a0 e/cept 3'n$a0. H't X $#nYt have g#t t# w#r2 a f'++ $a0 #n 3at'r$a0.

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C>)" 7E 5W!- )>) %D!- #$ +"i&m +"/6&# %_ 5iF! %9# )>) #r9!- #">i b R/> +"e
1 C./;53 ma63 mi-"# N "ave N Ph O )Q ;x %y
B Cizn /t mt LhS ncng c$ th% : =u Lh9 song ngE7i n$i LhKng 4m ch`c5 Ex: Xt ma0 have raine$ +ast night- ,'t XYm n#t s're.

h C./;5 "ave N Ph O Lx ra %y )Q #"_ (#rw! #"j) #& ;* +",!-)

Ex: Pe c#'+$ have g#tten the tic2et f#r the c#ncert +ast night.

H Mi-"# "ave Pee! N V-i!- O CQ ;x ;`) ]6 %a!Ex: X $i$nYt hear the te+eph#ne ring- X might have ,een s+eeping at that time.

M S"./;5 "ave N Ph O Lx ra B"ai3 ;x ra !w!

B "hN mt 2i?c l ra i phSi WSy ra trong =u Lh9 nhEng tr'n thmc t l LhKng5 S"./;5 "ave N Ph O wa70 were 7/BB.7e5 #. Ex: "aria sh#'+$nYt have ca++e$ j#hn +ast night. (3he $i$ ca++ him)

I M/7# "ave N Ph O "! ;* %y

B "hN sm suy on logic 4ma tr'n nh<ng hi?n tEFng c$ thjt : =u Lh95 Ex: *he grass is wet. Xt m'st have raine$ +ast night.

K M/7# "ave Pee! V-i!- O "! ;`) ]6 %a!Ex: X $i$nYt hear 0#' 2n#c2- X m'st have ,een s+eeping at that time.

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C>) v]! %V 7E 5W!- shoul4 #r.!- mD# 7: #r'8!- "(B )W #"_

B Cizn /t Lt =uS c;a mt yu tH tE:ng tEFngA Sx Ex) Xf X was as2e$ t# w#r2 #n 3'n$a0 X sh#'+$ resign. B CDng trong m?nh 0 c$ #"a# sau nh<ng tInh t& chN tr/ng thi nhE a!?i./70 7.rr60 ).!)er!e50 "aBB60 5e;i-"#e5 1 L]6 ;*m0 r}!-0 vv Ex: XYm an/i#'s that she sh#'+$ ,e we++ care$ f#r (*:i +# +Ing ryng +i%' c: C0 cq =c s9n sqc t;t 2h:ng) Ex) Qe are s#rr0 that 0#' sh#'+$ fee+ 'nc#mf#rta,+e (Jhng t:i +C0 +5m tibc v} anh 2h:ng thC0 =c th#wi m6i) Ex: *hat 0#' sh#'+$ spea2 t# him +i2e that is F'ite ast#nishing (J6i ih' m5 anh C0 nqi vi anh nh v`0 F'w +5 6ng ng!c nhiBn). B CDng 2Gi i40 i! )a7e % chN mt i0u Lh$ c$ th% WSy raP ngE7i ta Ea ra k Lin chN 0 phMng ng&a5 Ex) Xf 0#' sh#'+$ change 0#'r min$ 4 3h#'+$ 0#' change 0#'r min$- p+ease +et me 2n#w. Ex) Xn case he sh#'+$ have f#rg#tten t# g# t# the airp#rt- n#,#$0 wi++ ,e there t# meet her.(Nge nh/ nb' chng ma0 :ng C0 F'Bn mCt ra sdn ,a0- th} sx 2h:ng cq ai s q qn c: ta mCt) B CDng sao 7. #"a#0 i! .r5er #"a# % chN mc Ich a#hay cho w./;50 )./;5) Ex) Pe p't the cases in the car s# that he sh#'+$ ,e a,+e t# ma2e an ear+0 start. Ex) 3he repeate$ the instr'cti#ns s+#w+0 in #r$er that he sh#'+$ 'n$erstan$. B CDng trong l7i y'u cu l>ch sm Ex) X sh#'+$ +i2e t# ma2e a ph#ne ca++- if p#ssi,+e (t:i /in phgp gi i%n th#!i nb' t:i cq th@) B CDng 2Gi ima-i!e0 7a60 #"i!+555 % Ea ra l7i 0 ngh>A #hit tE:ng( cho l Ex) X sh#'+$ imagine it wi++ ta2e a,#'t v h#'rs (*:i thibt tsng c:ng vi%c sx t;n mCt v gi ng h C0). Ex) X sh#'+$ sa0 sheYs #ver _ (*:i ch# +5 ,5 ta z ng#5i _) B CDng trong cu hsi % 4izn tS sm nghi ng7( thiu =uan tm Ex) P#w sh#'+$ X 2n#w (&5m sa# t:i ,ibt =c 2ia ch8) Ex) Qh0 sh#'+$ he thin2s that (sa# nq +!i ngh< nh v`0 ch8)

B CDng 2Gi cc /i t& nghi 21n nhE w"a#0 w"ere0 w". % 4izn tS sm ng/c nhi'n( thE7ng 4Dng 2Gi 2B/#25 Ex) X was thin2ing #f g#ing t# see j#hn when wh# sh#'+$ appear ,'t j#hn himse+f (*:i ang tnh +5 bn th9m j#hn th} ngi /'Ct hi%n +!i chnh +5 anh C0) Ex) Qhat sh#'+$ X fin$ ,'t an en#rm#'s spi$er (J6i m5 t:i nh}n thC0 +!i chnh +5 met c#n nh%n 2hng +)

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T[!" #$ v* B"Q #$
B Mt tInh t& luKn bn nghRa cho mt 4anh t& 2 chN mt 4anh t&( n$ luKn 9ng trEGc 4anh t& EFc bn nghRa5 B #rong ting Anh( c$ 4uy nh1t mt tInh t& 9ng sau 4anh t&A -a;.re O !"iV/3 B".!- B"`3 5i 5*. Ex: *here were err#rs ga+#re in the fina+ test. B #Inh t& c8ng 9ng sau cc /i t& phim chN a7.me#"i!-3 a!6#"i!-3 a!6P.56555g Ex: Xts s#mething strange. Ex: Pe is s, F'ite 'n2n#wn. B Mt ph$ t& luKn bn nghRa cho mt ng t&( mt tInh t& hoOc mt ph$ t& Lhc5 Ex: Sita $ran2 t## m'ch. Ex: X $#nYt p+a0 tenis ver0 we++. B A5X N ;6 O A5v5 -hEng phSi cn thjn( 2@ mt sH tInh t& c8ng c$ tjn cDng l uKi ;6 a;.ve;63 4rie!5;6) h$ t& c;a cc tInh t& ny EFc c1u t/o bQng cch nhE sauA i! a N A5X N wa60 ma!!er Ex: Pe ,ehave$ me in a frien$+0 wa0. B Mt sH cc ph$ t& c$ c1u t/o Oc bi?tA 7.3 ver63 a;m.7#3 7..!3 .4#e!3 4a7#3 ra#"er3 we;;3 #"ere3 #.. "c ph$ t& ny trS l7i cho cu hsi ".w B -goi ra cMn mt sH cc cm t& c8ng EFc coi l ph$ t&( n$ bao gm mt giGi t& m: u 2Gi cc 4anh t& i sau % chNA >a i%m a a# ".meg( th7i gian aa# I Bmg( phEYng ti?n aP6 #rai!g( t@nh huHng( hnh ng ai! a ver6 5i44i)/;# 7i#/a#i.!g5 #1t cS cc cm ny 0u EFc WZm l ph$ t&5 B )> trI c;a ph$ t& trong cu tEYng Hi thoSi mi 2 ph9c t/p( =ui lujtA B -u chEa bit Ot ph$ t& : u th@ 2> trI thE7ng Wuy'n c;a n$ : cuHi cu( Oc bi?t cc ph$ t& uKi ly5 B "c ph$ t& 2 cm ph$ t& lm bn ng< 9ng cuHi cu thZo th9 tm nhE sauA chN phEYng th9c hnh ngxchN >a i%mxchN th7i gianxchN phEYng ti?n hnh ngxchN t@nh huHng hnh ng5 B JhKng bao gi7 mt ph$ t& hoOc mt cm ph$ t& EFc WZn 2o gi<a ng t& 2 tn ng<5 B -u trong cu LhKng c$ ph$ t& no Lhc ngoi ph$ t& chN th7i gian th@ c$ th% Ea n$ l'n u cu5

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Ex: Xn ]^R_- Pe gra$'ate$ an$ f#'n$ a 1#,. "c ph$ t& chN tn sH nhEA a;wa673 7.me#ime73 .4#e!555 luKn 9ng trEGc ng t& hnh ng nhEng 9ng sau ng t& #. Pe Ex: *he presi$ent a+wa0s c#mes in time. Ex: *he presi$ent is a+wa0s in time.

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tD!- #$ !:i
b$ l nh<ng ng t& : bSng sau( mang nh<ng tInh ch1t sau bZ bZcomZ rZmain stay appZar sZZm soun4 uZZl looL smZll

B JhKng 4izn /t hnh ng m 4izn /t tr/ng thi hoOc bSn ch1t sm 2i?c5 B bQng sau ch6ng phSi l tInh t& LhKng th% l ph$ t&5 B JhKng EFc chia : th% tip 4izn 4D 4EGi b1t c9 th7i no5 Lu : #rong bSng c$ cc cOp ng t&A #. 7eem O #. aBBear #. )"a!)e #. "aBBe! O 5'8!- !"'

"h6ng c$ th% thay th l3n cho nhau( nhEng LhKng th% thay th ngang hay thay th cheo5 B "c ng t& ny EFc 4Dng thZo m3u cu sauA B CDng 2Gi ch; ng< giS it Ex: Xt seems that the0 have passe$ the e/am./ Xt happens (chances that the0 have passe$ the test) B CDng 2Gi ch; ng< thjt Ex: *he0 seem t# have passe$ the e/am./ *he0 happene$/ chance$ t# have passe$ the e/am. B -ghRa _#@nh c7_( _-g3u nhi'n_( _May m_5 Ex) 3he happene$ t# ,e #'t/ Xt happene$ that she was #'t when he ca++e$ (Ng' nhiBn c: ta 2h:ng cq nh5 2hi anh ta gi i%n) Ex) 3he chance$ t# ,e in/ Xt happene$ that she was in when he ca++e$. ("a0 m5 c: ta cq nh5 2hi anh ta gi i%n bn). B Ba ng t&A to 7e8 to 7ecome8 to ,emain trong mt sH trE7ng hFp c$ mt 4anh t& hoOc ng< 4anh t& thZo sau( Lhi $ ch6ng m1t i ch9c ncng c;a mt ng t& nHi5 Ex: Jhi+$ren #ften ,ec#me ,#re$ (a"9) at meeting Jhristine ,ecame c+ass presi$ent (noun :h,ase) after a +#ng- har$ campaign.

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B BHn ng t&A to ;eel8 to loo&8 to smell8 to taste trong mt sH trE7ng hFp c$ th% l ngo/i ng t&( Mi hsi mt tn ng< i sau n$( l6c ny n$ m1t i ch9c ncng c;a mt ng t& nHi( c$ th% c$ ph$ t& i Lm5 "h6ng thay ni 20 mOt ng< nghRaA Ex: to ;eel: s nIn @ 2h6m. Ex: to loo& at: nh}n Ex: to smell: ngi Ex: to taste: nbm "h6ng EFc phep chia : th@ tip 4izn5 Ex: *he +a$0 is sme++ing the f+#wers ginger+0.

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C>) 59!- 7. 7>!" )^a #[!" #$ v* B"Q #$

1 S. 7>!" P}!B C]/ #r`) 7E 5W!- ;* a7 a7
S + ! + as + a'j/ a'v + as + noun/ pronoun

B -u l ph; >nh( as th9 nh1t c$ th% thay bQng so achN % 4z Xc inuormal !nglishg B Sau as phSi l mt /i t& nhn WEng ch; ng<( LhKng EFc l mt tn ng< a]|i cY bSng Ex: Pe is n#t as ta++ as his father. Ex: Pe is n#t s# ta++ as his father. B Canh t& c8ng c$ th% EFc 4Dng % so snh trong trE7ng hFp ny( nhEng n'n nhG trEGc Lhi so sanh phSi Sm bSo rQng 4anh t& $ phSi c$ cc tInh t& tEYng EYng5 a4Zcti2Zs hZa2y( light ti4Z( narrot 4ZZp( shallot long( short big( small nouns tZight ti4th 4Zpth lZngth siZ

S + ! + the same + "noun# + as + noun/ pronoun

Ex: "0 h#'se is as high as his. "0 h#'se is the same height as his. The same***as >< "i;;e,ent ;,om*** B "h6 k( trong ting Anh aAx!g( "i;;e,ent than*** c8ng c$ th% EFc 4Dng nu sau ch6ng l mt m?nh 0 hon chNnh5 #uy nhi'n trE7ng hFp ny LhKng phn bin 2 LhKng Ea 2o cc bi thi ng< phpA Ex: Pis appearance is $ifferent ;,om what X have e/pecte$. 555than X have e/pecte$.(A-L)

h S. 7>!" "g! +{m

B #rong lo/i so snh ny ngE7i ta chia lm hai 4/ngA tInh t& 2 ph$ t& ng`n aXc l'n chN c$ mt 2ng5 #Inh t& 2 ph$ t& 4i a^ 2n tr: l'ng5 B bHi 2Gi tInh t& 2 ph$ t& ng`n chN cn cng uKi er B bHi 2Gi tInh t& ng`n chN c$ mt nguy'n m Ldp gi<a hai ph m tjn cDng( phSi g1p Ki ph m cuHi % trnh thay ni cch Xc5 yy

B bHi 2Gi tInh t& tjn cDng l y( 4D c$ ^ 2n 23n b> coi l tInh t& ng`n 2 phSi ni thnh A-IER ("aBB6 "aBBier 5r6 5rier Bre##6 Bre##ier)5 B #rE7ng hFp Oc bi?tA 7#r.!- 7#r.!-er 4rie!5;6 4rie!5;ier #"a!0 m.re 4rie!5;6 #"a!5 B bHi 2Gi tInh t& 2 ph$ t& phSi 4Dng m.re0;e775 B Sau TfAN phSi l /i t& nhn WEng ch; ng<( LhKng EFc l tn ng<5 "Kng th9cA
a'jective.er a'verb.er more + a'j/ a'v less + a'j/ a'v

S+! +

+ T/0& + noun/ pronoun

B Jhi so snh mt ngE7iP mt 2jt 2Gi t1t cS nh<ng ngE7i hoOc 2jt Lhc phSi th'm e;7e sau a!6#"i!-0a!6P.56 Ex: Pe is smarter than an0,#$0 e+se in the c+ass. B b% nh1n m/nh so snh( c$ th% th'm m/)"04ar trEGc so snh( cKng th9cA S N V N 4ar0m/)" N A5X0A5ver N #"a! N !./!0Br.!./! S N V N 4ar0m/)" N m.re N A5X0A5v N #"a! N !./!0Br.!./! Ex: Parr0ps watch is far m#re e/pensive than mine Ex: Pe spea2s Lng+ish m'ch m#re rapi$+0 than he $#es 3panish. B Canh t& c8ng c$ th% 4Dng % so snh bQng hoOc hYn Lem( nhEng trEGc Lhi so snh phSi Wc >nh WZm $ l 4anh t& m EFc hay LhKng m EFc( 2@ Qng trEGc ch6ng c$ mt sH >nh ng< 4Dng 2Gi ^ lo/i 4anh t& $5 "Kng th9cA S N V N a7 N ma!60m/)"0;i##;e04ew N !./! N a7 N !./!0Br.!./! S N V N m.re04ewer0;e77 N !./! N #"a! N !./!0Br.!./! Ex: Pe earns as m'ch m#ne0 as his father. Ex: Ue,r'ar0 has fewer $a0 than "arch. Ex: *heir 1#,s a++#w them +ess free$#m than #'rs $#es. B o]Eu k a=uan trXnggA bQng sau a7 2 #"a! c;a cc m?nh 0 so snh c$ th% lo/i bs ch; ng< nu n$ trDng hFp 2Gi ch; ng< th9 nh1t( Oc bi?t l Lhi ng t& sau #"a! 2 a7 : 4/ng b> ng5 ]6c ny #"a! 2 a7 cMn c$ th'm ch9c ncng c;a mt /i t& =uan h? thay th5 Ex: *heir marriage was as st#rm0 as ha$ ,een e/pecte$ (Xnc#rrect) as it ha$ ,een e/pecte$).

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Ex: Anne is g#ing t# 1#in 's - as was agree$ +ast wee2 (Xnc#rrect) as it was agree +ast wee2). B pZ torriZs morZ than tas goo4 uor him a,ncorrZctA than itPthat is goo4 uor himg5 opoOc cc tn ng< c8ng c$ th% b> lo/i bs sau cc ng t& : m?nh 0 sau #pA- 2 ASA Ex: o#npt +#se 0#'r passp#rt- as X $i$ +ast 0ear (Xnc#rrect) as X $i$ it +ast 0ear). Ex: *he0 sent m#re than X ha$ #r$ere$ (Xnc#rrect) than X ha$ #r$ere$ it). Ex: 3he gets her meet fr#m the same ,'tcher as X g# t# (Xnc#rrect) as X g# t# him).

H S. 7>!" "(B ;~
B Jhi so snh n'n nhGA cc mc 4Dng % so snh phSi tEYng EYng nhauA ngE7ixngE7i( 2jtx2jt5 B B:i 2jy mc so snh hFp lk s lA B S: h<u cch Ex: =nco,,ect) Pis $rawings are as perfect as his instr'ct#r. a"u ny so snh cc b9c tranh 2Gi ngE7i chN 43ng >o,,ect) Pis $rawings are as perfect as his instr'ct#rps. (instr'ct#rYs 4 instr'ct#rYs $rawings) B CDng th'm #"a# .4 cho 4anh t& sH ItA Ex: =nco,,ect) *he sa+ar0 #f a pr#fess#r is higher than a secretar0. (Jd' n50 s# s6nh salary vi sZcrZtary) >o,,ect) *he sa+ar0 #f a pr#fess#r is higher than that #f a secretar0. (that #f 4 the sa+ar0 #f) B CDng th'm #".7e .4 cho cc 4anh t& sH nhi0uA Ex: =nco,,ect) *he$'ties #f a p#+iceman are m#re $anger#'s than a teacher . (Jd' n50 s# s6nh 4utiZs vi tZachZr) >o,,ect) *he$'ties #f a p#+iceman are m#re $anger#'s than th#se #f a teacher (th#se #f 4 the $'ties #f)

M S. 7>!" %n) PiU#

A5Xe)#ive .r a5verP uar littlZ much many goo4 tZll ba4 ba4ly C.mBara#ive uarthZr uurthZr lZss morZ bZttZr torsZ S/Ber;a#ive uarthZst uurthZst lZast most bZst torst

Lu : ;a,the, A 4Dng cho LhoSng cch y}

;u,the, A 4Dng cho thKng tin hoOc mt sH trE7ng hFp tr&u tEFng Lhc E?1 *he $istance fr#m 0#'r h#'se t# sch##+ is farther than that #f mine. Ex: Xf 0#' want m#re+f'rther inf#rmati#n- p+ease ca++ t# the agent. Ex) Ne/t 0ear he wi++ c#me t# the T.3 f#r his f'rther (4 m#re) e$'cati#n

I S. 7>!" %a PDi
B #EYng EYng c1u tr6c ting )i?tA g1p rEi( g1p hai555 B JhKng EFc sf 4ng so snh hYn Lem m sf 4ng so snh bQng( Lhi so snh phSi Wc >nh 4anh t& l m EFc hay LhKng m EFc( 2@ Qng trEGc ch6ng c$ ma!60m/)" Ex: *his enc0c+#pe$0 c#sts twice as much as the #ther #ne. Ex:jer#me has ha+f as many rec#r$s n#w as X ha$ +ast 0ear. B -g< php hi?n /i ngy nay( Oc bi?t l ng< php M cho phep 4Dng so snh hYn Lem n g1p h ln tr: l'n( nhEng Hi 2Gi g1p ^ hoOc TP^ th@ tuy?t Hi LhKng5 "c lHi n$iA #wi)e #"a# ma!60#wi)e #"a# m/)" r g1p Ki ngn 1y555 chN EFc 4Dng trong Lhu ng<( LhKng EFc 4Dng % 2it5 E?1 Qe have e/pecte$ R_ pe#p+e at that ra++0- ,'t twice that man0 sh#wne$ 'p. (twice as man0 as that n'm,er).

K S. 7>!" +{B
B ] lo/i so snh 2Gi c1u tr6cA "ng555 cng555 B "c A5X0A5v so snh phSi 9ng : u cu( trEGc ch6ng phSi c$ T"e
The + comparative + S + V + the + comparative + S + V

Ex: *he h#tter it is- the m#re misera,+e X fee+. B -u chN mt 2 c$ A4PA42 so snh th@ 2 cMn l/i c$ th% 4Dng T"e m.re
The more + S + V + the + coparative + S + V

Ex: *he m#re 0#' st'$0- the smarter 0#' wi++ ,ec#me. B Sau T"e m.re : 2 th9 nh1t c$ th% c$ #"a# nhEng LhKng nh1t thit5 Ex: *he m#re (that) 0#' st'$0- the smarter 0#' wi++ ,ec#me. B #rong trE7ng hFp nu cS hai 2 0u c$ thnh ng< i# i7 th@ bs ch6ng i Ex: *he sh#rter (it is)- the ,etter (it is). B poOc nu cS hai 2 0u l #. Pe th@ bs i Ex: *he c+#ser t# #ne #f the Larths p#+e (is)- the greater the gravitati#na+ f#rce (is).

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B "c thnh ng<A a;; #"e Pe##er acng tHt hYng( a;; #"e m.re acng555 hYng( !.# a!6 #"e m.re achng555 hYn555 tI nog( !.!e #"e m.re achng ch6t nog 4Dng % nh1n r1t m/nh cho cc tInh t& hoOc ph$ t& EFc Zm ra so snh Qng sau5 -$ chN EFc 4Dng 2Gi cc #[!" #$ #r$/ #'(!-A Ex: 3'n$a0 m#rnings were nice. X en1#0e$ them a++ the m#re ,eca'se 3'e 'se$ t# c#me r#'n$ t# ,rea2fast. (c6c s6ng chD nh`t tri th`t p. *:i +!i c5ng thch nhng s6ng chD nh`t q hcn n' v} 3'e thng ghg F'a 9n s6ng.) Ex: Pe $i$npt seem t# ,e an0 the w#rse f#r his e/perience. (Anh ta c5ng 2h6 hcn +Bn v} nhng 2inh nghi%m cDa m}nh.) Ex: Pe e/p+aine$ it a++ caref'++0- ,'t X was sti++ n#ne the wiser. (Anh ta giwi thch t#5n ,e ih' q cn th`n nhng t:i vn 2h:ng s6ng ra cht n5# cw.) B "1u tr6c ny tuy?t Hi LhKng 4Dng cho cc tInh t& c th%A Ex: =nco,,ect: *h#se pi++s have ma$e him a++ the s+immer.

q C]/ #r`) N. 7..!er

#"a! O V$a mSi

#"v %y

B "hN 4Dng cho th7i u Lh9 2 th7i pi?n t/i( LhKng 4Dng cho th7i #EYng lai5 B N. 7..!er 9ng : u mt m?nh 0( thZo sau n$ l mt trF ng t& So l'n trEGc ch; ng< % nh1n m/nh( #"a! 9ng : u m?nh 0 cMn l/iA
&o sooner + auxiliary + S + V + than + S + V

Ex: N# s##ner ha$ we starte$ #'t f#r Ja+if#rnia than it starte$ t# rain. (?ast) Mt 2I 4 : th7i hi?n t/i awi;; EFc l1y sang 4Dng cho hi?n t/ig Ex: N# s##ner wi++ he arrive than he want t# +eave.(?,esent) B Mt c1u tr6c tEYng EYng c1u tr6c nyA N. 7..!er #"a! O far5;60S)are;6 w"e! Ex: 3care+0 ha$ the0 fe+t in +#ve each #ther when the0 g#t marie$. Lu : N. ;.!-er O !.# a!6m.re O +",!!ca( 4Dng thZo c1u tr6cA

S + no longer + Positive Verb

r S. 7>!" -ica h !-'8i ".n) h vp#

B Jhi so snh gi<a ^ ngE7i hoOc ^ 2jt( chN EFc 4Dng so snh hYn Lem( LhKng EFc 4Dng so snh bjc nh1t( mOc 4D trong mt sH 4/ng 2cn n$i 2 cS 2cn 2it 23n ch1p nhjn so snh bjc nh1t5 a]|i cY bSng5

B #rEGc a5X 2 a5v so snh phSi c$ #"e( trong cu c$ thnh ng< .4 #"e #w. N noun thnh ng< c$ th% 9ng u hoOc cuHi cu5 Ex: Parve0 is the smarter #f the tw# ,#0s. Ex: Of the tw# shirts- this #ne is the prettier.

T S. 7>!" Pp) !"]#

B CDng Lhi so snh h ngE7i hoOc h 2jt tr: l'nA B bHi 2Gi tInh t& 2 ph$ t& ng`n 4Dng uKi e7#5 B bHi 2Gi tInh t& 2 ph$ t& 4i 4Dng m.7# hoOc ;ea7#5 B bQng trEGc so snh phSi c$ #"e B CDng giGi t& i! 2Gi 4anh t& sH It5 E?1 j#hn is the ta++est ,#0 in the fami+0 B CDng giGi t& .4 2Gi 4anh t& sH nhi0u Ex: oeana is the sh#rtest #f the three sister B Co $ sau thnh ng< O!e .4 #"e N so snh bjc nh1t l noun phSi Sm bSo ch`c ch`n rQng noun phSi l sH nhi0u( 2 ng t& phSi chia : sH It5 Ex: One #f the greatest tennis p+a0ers in the w#r+$ is j#hns#n. B Mt sH cc tInh t& hoOc ph$ t& mang tInh tuy?t Hi th@ c1m 4Dng so snh bjc nh1t( h/n ch 4Dng so snh hYn Lem( nu buc phSi 4Dng th@ bs m.reA /!iR/e0 e?#reme0 Ber4e)#0 7/Breme0 #.B0 aP7.;/#e0Prime0 Primar6 Ex: Pis $rawings are perfect than mine. Bre4eraP;e #. @7+@th*** = EFc Ea thIch hYn555 7/Beri.r #. @7+@th*** = si'u 2i?t hYn555 i!4eri.r #. @7+@th*** = h/ ng hYn555

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Da!" #$ 5s!- ;*m #[!" #$

#rong ting Anh c$ hi?n tEFng mt 4anh t& 9ng trEGc mt 4anh t& Lhc lm nhi?m 2 c;a mt tInh t&5 b% lm EFc ch9c ncng nhE 2jy( chDng phSi bSo Sm nh<ng tInh ch1t B b9ng ngay trEGc 4anh t& m n$ bn nghRa5 B JhKng EFc phep c$ h@nh thi sH nhi0u tr& mt sH trE7ng hFp Oc bi?t5 Ex: N# fri++s st#re 4 ca h5ng 2h:ng trang tr m5' m{. a sp#rts/sp#rt car sma++-c+aims c#'rt 4 phiBn t#5 / nhng v n= vut. B -u c$ hai 4anh t& cDng lm tInh t& th@ gi<a ch6ng phSi c$ 41u g/ch nHi x5 #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp nu 4Dng 4anh t& lm tInh t& th@ mang nghRa ZnA Ex: A g#+$ watch a watch ma$e #f g#+$. B -hEng nu 4Dng tInh t& gHc mang nghRa b$ngA Ex: A g#+$en #pp#rt'nit0 4 a chance that it is ver0 rare an$ preci#'s (F' gi6). B JhKng EFc 4Dng tInh t& bn trF cho 4anh t& Lhi cho n$ chN tInh ch1t ngh0 nghi?p hoOc ni 4ungA Ex: mathematics teacher/ a ,i#+#g0 ,##2

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E!./-"
B E!./-" luKn 9ng Qng sau A5X0A5v nhEng l/i phSi 9ng trEGc 4anh t&A Ex: we++ en#'gh... Ex:en#'gh f##$- en#'gh water... #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp nu 4anh t& i EFc nh`c n : tr'n( th@ : 4EGi c$ =uy0n 4Dng e!./-" nhE mt /i t& l ; Ex: X f#rg#t m#ne0. o# 0#' have en#'ghi

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MD# 7: #r'8!- "(B )W #"_ 5s!- M/)" Ma!6

ManyP Much l nounP noun phrasZ nhE mt >nh ng<5 Ex: L/) 3he $i$npt eat m'ch ,rea2fast a"K ta LhKng cn sng nhi0ug Ex: L/) *here arenpt man0 +arge g+asses +eft aJhKng cMn l/i nhi0u cHc lGng #uy nhi'n much ou l pZrsonal an4 gZographic namZs c$ th% EFc 4Dng m LhKng cn 4>nh ng< i Lm thZo 4anh t& Qng sauA Ex: L/) X have seen t## m'ch #f P#war$ recent+0. a.n y tKi LhKng hay gOp potar4g Ex: L/) N#t m'ch #f oenmar2 is hi++0. aban m/ch LhKng c$ m1y i n6ig B ManyPMuch ou l 4ZtZrminZr aa( thZ( this( my555 g l noun5 Ex: L/) Z#' canpt see m'ch #f a c#'ntr0 in a wee2. aAnh LhKng th% bit nhi0u 20 mt nEGc trong 2Mng mt tun u5g Ex: L/) X w#npt pass the e/am. X have misse$ man0 #f m0 +ess#ns. a#Ki s LhKng thot EFc L thi ny m1t( tKi bs =u nhi0u bi5g Many 2 much 4Dng nhi0u trong cu ph; >nh 2 cu nghi 21n( nhEng trong cu Lhng >nh n'n 4Dng cc lo/i t& Lhc nhE plZnty ou( a lot( lots ou555 % thay th5 Ex: L/) P#w m'ch m#ne0 have 0#' g#ti Xpve g#t p+ent0. Ex: L/) Pe g#t +#ts #f men frien$s- ,'t he $#esnpt 2n#w man0 w#men. #uy nhi'n trong ting Anh chun auormalg much 2 many 23n EFc 4Dng b@nh thE7ng trong cu Lhng >nh5 Ex: L/) "'ch has ,een written a,#'t the ca'ses #f 'nemp+#0ment in the #pini#n #f man0 ec#n#mists. Much 4Dng nhE mt ph$ t&A Ex: L/) X $#npt trave+ m'ch these $a0s. Much c$ th% 4Dng trEGc mt sH ng t& 4izn /t sm Ea thIch 2 mt sH k tEYng tm Oc bi?t trong 4/ng ting Anh =ui chun5 Ex: L/) X m'ch appreciate 0#' he+p. Ex: L/) Qe m'ch prefer the c#'ntr0 t# the t#wn. Ex: L/) janet m'ch en1#0e$ her sta0 with 0#'r fami+0. Hi 2Gi mt sH ng t& anhE liLZP 4isliLZ555 g chN n'n 4Dng much sau 2Zry 2 trong c1u tr6c ph; >nh5 Ex: L/) X ver0 m'ch +i2e 0#' ,r#ther. Ex: L/) X $#npt m'ch +i2e 0#'r $#g. Xtps ver0 cr'e+.

MD# 7: )>)" 5s!- %n) PiU# )^a m/)" v* ma!61

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bOc ng<A Much too muchP many so many 4Dng c ljp sau m?nh 0 trEGc 4anh t& m n$ bn ng<5 Ex: L/) *he c#st #f a thirt0-sec#n$ c#mmercia+ #n a netw#r2 te+evisi#n stati#n is kv__-___- m'ch t## m'ch f#r m#st ,'siness. Many a l singular noun l singular 2ZrbA Bit bao nhi'u5 L/) "an0 a str#ng man has $isheartene$ ,ef#re s'ch a cha++enge. Ex: L/) X have ,een t# the t#p #f the Lffei+ t#wer man0 a time. B Manys thZSmt l that
Smb l tho

abit bao nhi'ug l singular 2Zrb

Ex: L/) "an0ps the st'$ent wh# c#'+$npt f#++#w the p#st-gra$'ate c#'rses at Tniversities an$ c#++eges 'n$er the press're #f m#ne0. aBit bao nhi'u sinh 2i'n i LhKng th%555 g L/) Manys the pr#mise that has ,een ,r#2en. aBit bao nhi'u l7i h9a555 g

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P"u! PiU# #"wm vV )>)" 5s!- a;.#0 ;.#7 .40 B;e!#60 a -rea# 5ea;0 7. vSi ma!60 m/)"
"c thnh ng< tr'n tEYng EYng 2Gi muchP many anhi0ug 2 most aa phng5 A lot ouP lots ou ainuormalg r a grZat 4ZalP alargZ numbZr ouP muchP many auormalg JhKng c$ Lhc nhau g@ m1y gi<a a lot ou 2 lots ou5 "h; ng< chInh sau hai thnh ng< ny s =uyt >nh 2i?c chia ng t&5 A lot ouP lots ou l plural noun l plural 2Zrb
uncountablZ noun l singular 2Zrb

Ex: L/) A +#t #f time is nee$e$ t# +earn a +ang'age. Ex: L/) &#ts #f 's thin2 itps time f#r an e+ecti#n. lZnty ou EFc 4Dng phn bin trong inuormal !nglish5 Ex: L/) o#npt r'sh- thereps p+ent0 #f time. Ex: L/) G+ent0 #f sh#ps ta2e chec2s. A largZ a mount ou r a grZat 4Zal ou l nonxcount noun auormal !nglishg Ex: L/) X have thr#wn a +arge am#'nt #f a+$ c+#thing. Ex: L/) "r &'cas has spent a great $ea+ #f time in the Uar Last. A lot 2 a grZat 4Zal c$ th% EFc 4Dng lm ph$ t& 2 2> trI c;a n$ l : cuHi cu5 Ex: L/) On h#+i$a0 we wa+2 an$ swim a +#t. Ex: L/) *he g#rvernment seems t# change its min$ a great $ea+.

{y

MD# 7: )>)" 5s!- )W #"_ )^a m.re m.7#

B MorZ l nounPnoun phrasZA 4Dng nhE mt >nh ng< Ex: L/) Qe nee$ m#re time. Ex: L/) "#re 'niversit0 st'$ents are having t# ,#rr#w m#ne0 these $a0. MorZ l ou l pZrsonalPgZographic namZs Ex: L/) Xt w#'+$ ,i nice t# see m#re #f Sa0 an$ Har,ara.

SCt ha0 2hi =c gup Sa0 v5 Har,ara thng /'0Bn hcn.

Ex: L/) Uive h'n$re$ 0ears ag#- m'ch m#re #f Hritain was c#vere$ with trees.

l__ n9m trc d0- a phfn nc Anh phD nhih' rAng hcn ,d0 gi nhih'.
MorZ ou l 4ZtZrminZrPpronoun aaP thZP myP thisP himP thZm555g Ex: L/) Pe is m#re #f a f##+ than X th#'ght.

Nq +5 met thyng ng' hcn t:i tsng nhih'.

Ex: L/) *hree m#re #f the missing c+im,ers have ,een f#'n$. Ex: L/) J#'+$ X have s#me m#re #f that sm#2e$ fish. Ex: L/) X $#nt thin2 an0 m#re #f them want t# c#me. [nZ morZP tto morZ555 l nounP noun phrasZ Ex: L/) *here is 1'st #ne m#re river t# cr#ss. -hEng phSi 4Dng car4inal numbZr asH mg l noun l morZ a\i2Z 4ollars morZg nu morZ mang nghRa th'm n<a5 Ex: L/) Pe has c#ntri,'te$ kl_- an$ n#w he wants t# c#ntri,'te kl_ m#re. Most l noun r ba phn( a sH Ex: L/) "#st cheese is ma$e fr#m c#ws mi+2. Ex: L/) "#st 3wiss pe#p+e 'n$erstan$ Urench. Most l 4ZtZrminZrP pronoun aa( thZ( this( my( him555g r pu ht555 Ex: L/) Pe has eaten a pi77as an$ m#st #f a c#+$ chic2en. Ex: L/) "#st #f m0 frien$ +ive a,r#a$. Ex: L/) 3he has eaten m#st #f that ca2e. Ex: L/) "#st #f 's th#'gh he was wr#ng. Most EFc 4Dng nhE mt 4anh t&( nu : tr'n( 4anh t& hoOc ch; ng< $ i EFc nh`c n5 Ex: L/) 3#me pe#p+e ha$ $iffic'+t0 with the +ect're- ,'t m#st 'n$erst##$. Ex: L/) Ann an$ S#,,0 f#'n$ a +#t #f ,+ac2,erries- ,'t 3'san f#'n$ the m#st. Most l a4Zcti2Z Lhi mang nghRa 2Zry Ex: L/) *hat is m#st 2in$ #f 0#'. Ex: L/) *han2 0#' f#r a m#st interesting aftern##n.

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C>)" 5s!- ;.!- (4.r) a ;.!- #ime

]ong EFc 4Dng trong cu hsi 2 cu ph; >nh5 Ex: L/) Pave 0#' ,een waiting +#ngi Ex: L/) Xt $#es n#t ta2e +#ng t# get her h#'se. Ex: L/) 3he se+$#m sta0s +#ng. auorg a long timZ 4Dng trong cu Lhng >nh Ex: L/) X waite$ f#r a +#ng time- ,'t she $i$nt arrive. Ex: L/) Xt ta2es a +#ng time t# get t# her h#'se. ]ong c8ng EFc 4Dng trong cu Lhng >nh Lhi i 2GiA too( Znough( as( so Ex: L/) *he meeting went #n m'ch t## +#ng. Ex: L/) X have ,een w#r2ing here +#ng en#'gh. *ime t# get a new 1#,. Ex: L/) Z#' can sta0 as +#ng as 0#' want. Ex: L/) 3#rr0m X t##2 s# +#ng. ]ong bZuorZ alu trEGc LhigP long autZr amii sau LhigP long ago acch y i lug Ex: L/) Qe 'se$ t# +ive in Garis- ,'t that was +#ng ,ef#re 0#' were ,#rn. Ex: L/) &#ng after the acci$ent he 'se$ t# $ream that he was $0ing. Ex: L/) &#ng ag#- in a $istant c#'ntr0- there +ive$ a ,e'tif'+ princess. ]ong phSi Ot sau trF ng t&A #his is a problZm that has long bZZn rZcogniZ45 All 4ayP nightP tZZLP yZar long r suHt cS555 Ex: L/) 3he sits $reaming a++ $a0 +#ng a"K ta ngi mY mng suHt cS ngyg5 BZuorZ l long r -gay by gi7( chng bao lu n<a Ex: L/) X wi++ ,e ,ac2 ,ef#re +#ng a#Ki s =uay l/i ngay by gi7g5 #rong cu ph; >nh uor a long timZ ai lu( trong mt th7i gian 4ig uor long ang`n( LhKng 4i( chHc ltg Ex: L/) 3he $i$nt spea2 f#r +#ng. (4 she #n+0 sp#2e f#r a sh#rt time) Ex: L/) 3he $i$nt spea2 f#r a +#ng time. (4 she was si+ent f#r a +#ng time) pot long ha2Z you hZrZ uor r Anh s : y lu ch9 abao gm hoOc 0 cjp n cS tEYng laig5 Ex: L/) P#w +#ng have 0#' ,een here f#ri Tnti+ the en$ #f ne/t wee2. Ex: L/) P#w +#ng have 0#' ,een here f#ri (Anh z s d0 ch# bn gi +5 ,a# +d' rii) 3ince +ast "#n$a0. {}

T$ !:i
1 Be)a/7e3 Be)a/7e .4
bQng sau Be)a/7e phSi 4Dng T cu hon chNnh nhEng Qng sau Be)a/7e .4 phSi 4Dng T ng< 4anh t&5

Be)a/7e .4 O .! a))./!# .4 O 5/e #.

B -hEng n'n 4Dng 5/e #. sau ng t& #. Pe cho chun5 Ex: *he acci$ent was $'e t# the heav0 rain. B CDng a7 re7/;# .4 % nh1n m/nh hju =uS c;a hnh ng hoOc sm 2jt( sm 2i?c5 Ex: Pe was ,+in$e$ as a res'+t #f a terri,+e acci$ent.

h T$ !:i )"G mW) %[)" v* +&# R/a

B #rong c1u tr6c ny ngE7i ta 4Dng thnh ng< 7. #"a# asao cho( % chog5 bng t& : m?nh 0 sau 7. #"a# phSi % : th7i tEYng lai so 2Gi th7i c;a ng t& : m?nh 0 chInh5 Ex: Pe st'$ie$ ver0 har$ s# that he c#'+$ pass the test. B hSi phn bi?t 7. #"a# trong c1u tr6c ny 2Gi 7. #"a# mang nghRa 5. %Q a#"ere4.reg5 "ch phn bi?t 4uy nh1t l ng t& Qng sau 7. #"a# mang nghRa 4o $ 4izn bin b@nh thE7ng so 2Gi th7i c;a ng t& : m?nh 0 Qng trEGc5 Ex: Qe hear$ n#thing fr#m him so that ( 4 theref#re) we w#n$ere$ if he m#ve$ awa0.

H T$ !:i )"G !-/6w! !"u! v* +&# R/a

B #rong lo/i t& nHi ny ngE7i ta 4Dng c1u tr6c 7.07/)" #"a# O R/>3 %&! !i m* 2 chia lm nhi0u lo/i sf 4ng5 B CDng 2Gi tInh t& 2 ph$ t& A "1u tr6c l 7. #"a# Ex: *err0 ran s# fast that he ,r#2e the previ#'s spee$ rec#r$. Ex: j'$0 w#r2e$ s# $i+igent+0 that she receive$ an increase in sa+ar0. B CDng 2Gi 4anh t& sH nhi0uA "1u tr6c 23n l 7. #"a# nhEng phSi 4Dng ma!6 hoOc 4ew trEGc 4anh t& $5 Ex: X ha$ s# few 1#, #ffers that it wasnYt $iffic'+t t# se+ect #ne. B CDng 2Gi 4anh t& LhKng m EFc A "1u tr6c 23n l 7. #"a# nhEng phSi 4Dng m/)" hoOc ;i##;e trEGc 4anh t& $5 Ex: Pe has investe$ s# m'ch m#ne0 in the pr#1ect that he canYt a,an$#n it n#w.

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B CDng 2Gi tInh t& l 4anh t& sH ItA 7/)" a #"a# "$ th% 4Dng 7. thZo c1u tr6c A 7. N a5X N a N !./! #"a# ([# B" Pi&! "g!) Ex: Xt was s'ch a h#t $a0 that we $eci$e$ t# sta0 in$##rs. Ex: Xt was s# h#t a $a0 that we $eci$e$ t# sta0 in$##rs. B CDng 2Gi tInh t& l 4anh t& sH nhi0uPLhKng m EFcA 7/)" #"a# #uy?t Hi LhKng EFc 4Dng 7. Ex: *he0 are s'ch ,ea'tif'+ pict'res that ever0,#$0 wi++ want #ne. Ex: *his is s'ch $iffic'+t h#mew#r2 that X wi++ never finish it.

M MD# 7: )>) #$ !:i ma!- #[!" %iV/ +iU! +">)

B Eve! i4 N !e-a#ive verP1 cho 4D5 Ex: Z#' m'st g# t#m#rr#w even if 0#' arenYt rea$0. B Y"e#"er .r !.# N B.7i#ive verP1 4D c$ hay LhKng5 Ex: Z#' m'st g# t#m#rr#w where #r n#t 0#' are rea$0. B "c /i t& nghi 21n 9ng u cu c8ng 4Dng lm t& nHi 2 ng t& thZo sau ch6ng phSi chia : ngKi th9 h sH It5 Ex: Qhether he g#es #'t t#night $epen$s #n his gir+$frien$. Qh0 these p'pi+s can n#t s#+ve this pr#,+ems ma2es the teachers c#nf'se$. B Mt sH cc t& nHi c$ =uy lujt ri'ng c;a ch6ng nu Lt hFp 2Gi nhau A!5 m.re.ver A!5 i! a55#i.! A!5 #"/7 .r .#"erwi7e A!5 4/r#"erm.re A!5 #"ere4.re B/# !ever#"e;e77 B/# a!6wa6 B -u nHi gi<a hai m?nh 0( Qng trEGc ch6ng phSi c$ 41u phy Ex) Pe was e/ha'ste$- an$ theref#re his 1'$gement was n#t ver0 g##$. B -hEng nu nHi gi<a hai t& Yn th@ LhKng Ex) *he missing piece is sma++ ,'t significant. B U!;e77 N B.7i#ive O i4 !.#1 #r& phi( nu LhKng5 Ex: Z#' wi++ ,e +ate 'n+ess 0#' start at #nce. B B/# 4.r #"a# N /!rea; ).!5i#i.!1 -u LhKng th@ B pi?n t/i Ex: "0 father pa0s m0 fee- ,'t f#r that X c#'+$nYt ,e here(H't he is here +earning) B u Lh9 Ex: "0 car ,r#2en $#wn- ,'t f#r that we w#'+$ have ,een here in time (H't the0 were +ate) B O#"erwi7e N rea; ).!5i#i.!1 Jo( nu LhKng th@5 }

Ex: Qe m'st ,e ,ac2 ,ef#re mi$night #therwise X wi++ ,e +#c2e$ #'t. B O#"erwi7e N /!rea; ).!5i#i.!1 Jo( nu LhKng th@ nhEng sau n$ phSi l i0u Li?n LhKng th% thmc hi?n EFc B pi?n t/i Ex: Per father s'pp#rts her finance #therwise she c#'+$nYt c#n$'ct these e/periments (H't she can with her fatherYs). B u Lh9A Ex: X 'se$ a c#mp'ter- #therwise X w#'+$ have ta2en +#nger with these ca+c'+ati#ns (H't he $i$nYt ta2e an0 +#nger). o]Eu kA #rong ting Anh thKng tc acollo=uial !nglishg ngE7i ta 4Dng .r e;7e % thay th cho .#"erwi7e5 B Pr.vi5e50Pr.vi5i!- #"a#1 )Gi i0u Li?n l( mizn l r a7 ;.!- a7 Ex: Z#' can camp here pr#vi$ing that 0#' +eave n# mess. B S/BB.7e0S/BB.7i!- O Y"a# i4 1 .iS sf 5555 th@ sau( -u 55555 th@ sao5 Ex: 3'pp#se the p+ane is +ate 4 Qhat (wi++ happen) if the p+ane is +ate. Lu : o SupposZ cMn c$ th% EFc 4Dng % Ea ra l7i gFi k5 Ex: 3'pp#se 0#' as2 him 4 Qh0 $#nYt 0#' as2 him. o ]Eu k thnh ng<A qhat iu , amA #ao th th@ i sao no amang tInh thch th9cg B I4 .!;6 N S N 7imB;e Bre7e!#0wi;; N verP O ".Be #"a#1 hi 2Xng rQng Ex : Xf #n+0 he c#mes in time Ex : Xf #n+0 he wi++ +earn har$er f#r the test ne/t m#nth. B I4 .!;6 N S N 7imB;e Ba7#0Ba7# Ber4e)# O wi7" #"a#("u PL LhKng thmc hi?n EFcg Ex: Xf #n+0 he came in time n#w. Ex) Xf #n+0 she ha$ st'$ie$ har$er f#r that test B I4 .!;6 N S N w./;5 N V B Cizn /t mt hnh ng LhKng th% WSy ra : hi?n t/i Ex: Xf #n+0 he w#'+$ $rive m#re s+#w+0 4 we wish he $rive$ m#re s+#w+0. B Cizn /t mt EGc muHn 2K 2Xng 20 tEYng laiA Ex: Xf #n+0 it w#'+$ st#p raining B Imme5ia#e;6 O a7 7..! a7 O #"e m.me!# (#"a#) O #"e i!7#a!# #"a# O 5ire)#;61 ngay ljp t9c Ex: *e++ me imme$iat+0 (4as s##n as ) 0#' have an0 news. Ex: Gh#ne me the m#ment that 0#' get the res'+ts. }T

Ex: X +#ve 0#' the instant (that) X saw 0#'. Ex: oirect+0 X wa+2e$ in the $##r X sme+t sm#2e.

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Cu/ P@ %D!B -gE7i ta 4Dng cu b> ng % nh1n m/nh 2o tn ng< c;a cu ch; ng5 B #h7i c;a ng t& : cu b> ng phSi tun thZo th7i c;a ng t& : cu ch; ng5 B -u l lo/i ng t& c$ ^ tn ng<( muHn nh1n m/nh 2o tn ng< no ngE7i ta Ea tn ng< $ l'n lm ch; ng< nhEng thKng thE7ng ch; ng< hFp lk c;a cu b> ng l tn ng< gin tip5 Ex: X gave 0#' a ,##2 4 X gave a ,##2 t# him 4 Pe was given a ,##2 ,0 me. B bOt 2 P6 N #u! !-c mSi2 Qng sau t1t cS cc tn ng< Lhc5 B -u sau P6 l mt /i t& 2K nhn WEng mang nghRa ngE7i taA P6 Be.B;e( P6 7P th@ bs hn n$ i5 S,M]! *!S!-# [* S,M]! AS# Am is arZ l2Zrb in past participlZ tas tZrZ Ex: Acti$e: P'rricanes $estr#0 a great $ea+ #f pr#pert0 each 0ear. Ex: ?assi$e: A great $ea+ #f pr#pert0 is $estr#0e$ ,0 h'rricanes each 0ear. *!S!-# *[.*!SS,)! [* AS# *[.*!SS,)! Am is arZ l bZing l 2Zrb in past participlZ tas tZrZ Ex: Acti$e: *he c#mmittee is c#nsi$ering severa+ new pr#p#sa+s. Ex: ?assi$e: 3evera+ new pr#p#sa+s are ,eing c#nsi$ere$ ,0 the c#mmittee. *!S!-# !*\!"# [* AS# !*\!"# pas

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ha2Z participlZ ha4

l bZZn l2Zrb in past

Ex: Acti$e: *he c#mpan0 has #r$ere$ s#me new eF'ipment. Ex: ?assi$e: 3#me new eF'ipment has ,een #r$ere$ ,0 the c#mpan0. M[CA]S mo4al l bZZn l2Zrb in past participlZ Ex: Acti$e: *he manager sh#'+$ sign these c#ntracts t#$a0. Ex: ?assi$e: *hese c#ntracts sh#'+$ ,e signe$ ,0 the manager t#$a0. B "c ni ng t& abng t& LhKng y'u cu T tn ng< nog LhKng EFc 4Dng : b> ng5 Ex: "0 +eg h'rts. B bOc bi?t Lhi ch; ng< ch>u trch nhi?m chInh c;a hnh ng c8ng LhKng EFc chuy%n thnh cu b> ng5 Ex: *he America ta2es charge) Nc " nh`n +znh tr6ch nhi%m B -u l ngE7i hoOc 2jt trmc tip gy ra hnh ng th@ 4Dng P6 nhEng nu l 2jt gin tip gy ra hnh ng th@ 4Dng wi#"5 Ex: *he ,ir$ was sh#t with the g'n - *he ,ir$ was sh#t ,0 the h'nter. B #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp #. Pe0#. -e# N Ph hon ton LhKng mang nghRa b> ng m mang ^ nghRaA "hN tr/ng thi m ch; ng< ang : trong $ Ex: J#'+$ 0#' p+ease chec2 m0 mai+,#/ whi+e X am g#ne. Ex: Pe g#t +#st in the ma7e #f the t#wn 0ester$a0. "hN 2i?c ch; ng< tm lm l1y Ex: *he +itt+e ,#0 gets $resse$ ver0 F'ic2+0. Ex: J#'+$ X give 0#' a han$ with these tires. Ex: N# than2s- X wi++ ,e $#ne when X finish tightening these ,#+ts. MXi sm bin ni 20 th7i 2 th% 0u nhQm 2o ng t& #. Pe( cMn phn t& ^ gi< nguy'n5 B #. Pe ma5e .41 t'() ;*m P}!- (b0 cjp n ch1t li?u lm n'n 2jtg Ex) *his ta,+e is ma$e #f w##$ B #. Pe ma5e 4r.m1 t'() ;*m ra #$ ( 0 cjp n 2i?c nguy'n 2jt li?u b> bin ni hon ton 20 tr/ng thi ban u % lm n'n 2jtg Ex) Gaper is ma$e fr#m w##$ }U

B #. Pe ma5e ./# .41 t'() ;*m P}!- (0 cjp n =u tr@nh lm ra 2jtg Ex) *his ca2e was ma$e #'t #f f+#'r- ,'tter- s'gar- eggs an$ mi+2 B #. Pe ma5e wi#"1 t'() ;*m vSi (0 cjp n chN mt trong sH nhi0u ch1t li?u lm n'n 2jtg Ex) *his s#'p tastes g##$ ,eca'se it was ma$e a +#t #f spices. hn bi?t th'm 20 cch 4Dng marr6 2 5iv.r)e trong ^ th%A "h; ng 2 b> ng B Jhi LhKng c$ tn ng< th@ ngE7i Anh Ea 4Dng -e# marie5 2 -e# 5iv.r)e5 trong 4/ng i!4.rma; E!-;i7" L/) &'+' an$ j#e g#t marie$ +ast wee2. (inf#rma+) L/) &'+' an$ j#e marrie$ +ast wee2. (f#rma+) L/) After v ver0 'nhapp0 0ears the0 g#t $iv#rce$. (inf#rma+) L/) After v ver0 'nhapp0 0ears the0 $#v#rce$. (f#rma+) B Sau marr6 2 5iv.r)e l mt tn ng< trmc tip LhKng c$ giGi t&A T. mar6 0 5iv.r)e 7mP L/) 3he marrie$ a ,'i+$er. L/) An$rew is g#ing t# $iv#rce Jar#+a B T. Pe0 -e# marrie50 #. 7mP (-iSi #$ #. ;* P# P/D)) L/) 3he g#t marrie$ t# her chi+$h##$ sweetheart. L/) Pe has ,een marrie$ t# &#'isa f#r ] 0ears an$ he sti++ $#esnpt 'n$erstan$ her.

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tD!- #$ -u6 !-/6w! !"u!

b$ l nh<ng ng t& 4izn /t Hi tEFng th9 nh1t gy cho Hi tEFng th9 hai mt i0u g@ 2Gi mt sH m3u cu nhE sauA

1 T. "ave 7P 5. 7#" O #. -e# 7P #. 5. 7#" O Sai ai3 +"i&! ai3 Pa. ai ;*m -v h T. "ave0#. -e# 7#" 5.!e O t'a )>i -v %i ;*m
B #hZo Lhuynh hEGng ny ng t& #. wa!# 2 w./;5 ;i+e c8ng c$ th% 4Dng 2Gi m3u cu nhE 2jyA T. wa!#0 w./;5 ;i+e 7#" 5.!e "u hsi 4Dng cho lo/i m3u cu ny lA Y"a# 5. 6./ wa!# 5.!e #. Ex: Qhat $# 0#' want $#ne t# 0#'r car i X want+ w#'+$ +i2e it washe$.

H T. ma+e 7P 5. 7#" O #. 4.r)e 7P #. 5. 7#"

B bQng sau tn ng< c;a ma+e cMn c$ th% 4Dng T tInh t&A T. ma+e 7P07#" N a5X Ex: Qearing f+#wers ma$e her m#re ,ea'tif'+.

M T. ma+e 7P N Ph O ;*m )". ai P@ ;*m 7a.

Ex: Q#r2ing a++ night #n Uri$a0 ma$e me tire$ #n 3at'r$a0.

I T. )a/7e 7#" N Ph O ;*m )". )>i -v P@ ;*m 7a.

Ex: *he ,ig th'n$er st#rm ca'se$ man0 waterfr#nt h#'ses $amage$. B -u tn ng< c;a ma+e l mt ng t& nguy'n th% th@ phSi Ot i# gi<a ma+e 2 tInh t&( Ot ng t& ra phIa Qng sauA ma+e i# N a5X N V a7 .PXe)# Ex: *he wire service ma$e it p#ssi,+e t# c#++ect an$ $istri,'te news faster an$ cheaper. B #uy nhi'n nu tn ng< c;a ma+e l T 4anh t& hay T ng< 4anh t& th@ LhKng EFc Ot i# gi<a maLZ 2 tInh t&A Ma+e N a5X N !./!0 !./! B"ra7e Ex: *he wire service ma$e p#ssi,+e m'ch spee$ier c#++ecti#n an$ $istri,'ti#n #f news.

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K T. ;e# 7P 5. 7#" O #. Bermi#0a;;.w 7P #. 5. 7#" O %_ ai3 )". B"{B ai ;*m -v q T. "e;B 7P #. 5. 7#"05. 7#" O Gi`B ai ;*m -v
B -u tn ng< c;a "e;B l mt /i t& 2K nhn WEng mang nghRa ngE7i ta th@ LhKng cn phSi nh`c n tn ng< $ 2 bs luKn cS #. c;a ng t& Qng saul Ex: *his w#n$er $r'g wi++ he+p (pe#p+e t#) rec#ver m#re F'ic2+0. B -u tn ng< c;a "e;B 2 tn ng< c;a ng t& sau n$ trDng hFp 2Gi nhau( ngE7i ta s bs tn ng< sau "e;B 2 bs luKn cS #. c;a ng t& Qng sau5 Ex:*he ,#$0 fat #f the ,ear wi++ he+p (him t#) 2eep him a+ive $'ring hi,ernati#n.

r H %D!- #$ %n) PiU#

b$ l nh<ng ng t& m ng< nghRa c;a ch6ng s thay ni Ki ch6t Lhi ng t& sau tn ng< c;a ch6ng : cc 4/ng Lhc nhau5 B T. 7ee0#. wa#)"0 #. "ear 7P07#" 5. 7#" (hnh ng ch9ng Lin t& u n cuHig Ex: X hear the te+eph#ne ring. B T. 7ee0#. wa#)"0 #. "ear 7P07#" 5.i!- 7#" ( hnh ng LhKng ch9ng Lin trXn 2dn m chN nh1t th7ig

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Cu/ B"e) "(B v* %9i #$ R/a! "U #"a6 #"&

#ing Anh c$ ^ lo/i cu B "u Yn giSnA l cu c$ T thnh phn 2 chN cn 2jy cu c8ng i ; nghRa5 B "u ph9c hFpA l lo/i cu c$ ^ thnh phn chInhPph nHi 2Gi nhau bQng T t& gXi l /i t& =uan h?5

1 T"a# v* w"i)" ;*m )"^ !-c )^a )u/ B"W

-$ 9ng u cu ph( thay th cho 4anh t& b1t ng 2jt 9ng trEGc n$ 2 lm ch; ng< c;a cu ph5 Co $ n$ LhKng th% no bs i EFc5 Ex: Qe ,#'ght the stere# that ha$ ,een a$vertise$ at a re$'ce$ price.

h T"a# v* w"i)" ;*m #u! !-c )^a )u/ B"W

B -$ thay th cho 4anh t& b1t ng 2jt 9ng trEGc n$( m: u cu ph nhEng lm tn ng<5 Co $ n$ c$ th% bs i EFc5 Ex: .e#rge is g#ing t# ,'0 the h#'se (that) we have ,een thin2ing #f ,'0ing B -gE7i ta 4Dng #"a# ch9 LhKng 4Dng w"i)" LhiA B b9ng trEGc n$ l mt tInh t& so snh bjc nh1t l 4anh t& Ex: *hat is the ,est n#ve+ that has ,een written ,0 this a'th#r. B Jhi Qng trEGc n$ l mt sH cc /i t& phim chN nhE a;;( 7.me( a!6( a!6#"i!-( ever6#"i!-( m/)"( ;i##;e( !.#"i!- 25255 Ex2: X want t# see a++ that he p#ssesses. Ex3: A++ the app+es that fa++ are eaten ,0 pig.

H Y". ;*m )"^ !-c )^a )u/ B"W

B -$ thay th cho 4anh t& chN ngE7i hoOc ng 2jt : trEGc n$( lm ch; ng< c;a cu ph5 Co $ n$ LhKng th% bs i EFc5 Ex: *he man (wh#) is in this r##m is angr0.

M Y".m ;*m #u! !-c )^a )u/ B"W

B -$ thay th cho 4anh t& chN ngE7i hoOc ng 2jt : trEGc n$ 2 lm tn ng< c;a cu ph( n$ c$ th% bs i EFc5 Ex: *he men (wh#m) X $#nYt +i2e are angr0. B -u w".m lm tn ng< c;a mt ng< ng t& bao gm 1 VerP N 1 -iSi #$ th@ lHi 2it chun nh1t l Ea giGi t& $ l'n trEGc w".m5 }}

Ex: *he man t# wh#m 0#' have 1'st ta+2e$ is the chairman #f the c#mpan0. B #uy nhi'n nu w".m l tn ng< c;a mt ng< ng t& bao gm 1 %D!- #$ N h -iSi #$ th@ ^ giGi t& $ 23n phSi 9ng Qng sau ng t&5 Ex: *he man wh#m 0#' are +##2ing f#rwar$ t# is the chairman #f the c#mpan0. B JhKng EFc 4Dng w". thay cho w".m trong 2cn 2it 4D n$ EFc ch1p nhjn trong 2cn n$i5

I MU!" %V B"W P# P/D) v* +",!- P# P/D)

1) MU!" %V B"W P# P/D)
B ] lo/i m?nh 0 b`t buc phSi c$ mOt : trong cu( nu bs i cu s m1t k nghRa ban u5 B NBn $>ng that lm ch; ng< cho lo/i cu ny mOc 4D w"i)" 23n EFc ch1p nhjn B "u ph thE7ng 9ng WZn 2o gi<a cu chInh hoOc nHi li0n 2Gi cu chInh 2 LhKng tch r7i Lhsi n$ b:i b1t c9 41u phSy no5 Ex: Qee$s that f+#at t# the s'rface sh#'+$ ,e rem#ve$ ,ef#re the0 $eca0.

h) MU!" %V B"W +",!- P# P/D)

B ] lo/i m?nh 0 mang thKng tin ph trong cu( nu bs n$ i cu LhKng m1t nghRa ban u5 B Mh:ng =c $>ng that +5m chD ng m5 phwi $>ng Bich- ch# $> Bich cq +5 tdn ng cDa m%nh h ph cng 2h:ng =c phgp ,E nq i. B "u ph thE7ng 9ng chZn 2o gi<a cu chInh 2 b`t buc phSi tch Lhsi cu chInh bQng ^ 41u phy5 Ex2: "0 car- which is ver0 +arge- 'ses t## m'ch gas#+ine. Ex3: *his r'm- which X ,#'ght in the Virgin Xs+an$s- is ver0 sm##th.

K T<m R/a! #r!- )^a viU) 7E 5W!- 5]/ B"6 %:i vSi mU!" %V B"W
B : nh<ng m?nh 0 ph b`t buc( Lhi LhKng 4Dng 41u phy t9c l c$ sm giGi h/n c;a m?nh 0 ph Hi 2Gi 4anh t& Qng trEGc atrong ting )i?tA )"G )Qg Ex: *he trave+ers wh# 2new a,#'t the f+##$ t##2 an#ther r#a$. (Jht cq c6c + 2h6ch n5# m5...) Ex: *he wine that was st#re$ in the ce++ar was r'ine$. (Jht cq r=' vang @ $i hfm mi ,r...) B bHi 2Gi nh<ng m?nh 0 ph LhKng b`t buc( Lhi c$ 41u phy ngcn cch th@ n$ LhKng Wc >nh hoOc giGi h/n 4anh t& 9ng trEGc n$5 atrong ting )i?tA #]# )a)5 Ex: *he trave+ers- wh# 2new a,#'t the f+##$- t##2 an#ther r#a$. (*Ct cw + 2h6ch...) Ex) *he wine- which was st#re$ in the ce++ar- was r'ine$. (*Ct cw r=' vang...) }~

"c nguy'n t`c tr'n y chN 4Dng trong 2cn 2it( LhKng 4Dng trong 2cn n$i5

q C>)" 7E 5W!- A;;3 B.#"3 S.me3 Severa;3 M.7#3 Few N O4 N Y".m0 Y"i)"
B #uy?t Hi LhKng EFc 4Dng /i t& nhn WEng tn ng<A #"em( /7 trong trE7ng hFp ny5 Ex2: *heir s#ns- ,#th #f wh#m (2h:ng =c nqi ,#th #f them) are w#r2ing a,r#a$- ring her 'p ever0 wee2. Ex3: *he ,'ses- m#st #f which were f'++ #f passengers- ,egan t# p'++ #'t. B Y"a# O #"e #"i!-0 #"e #"i!-7 #"a# c$ th% lm tn ng< cho m?nh 0 ph cDng l6c lm ch; ng< cho m?nh 0 chInhP hoOc lm ch; ng< c;a cS ^ m?nh 0 chInh( ph5 Ex2: Qhat we have e/pecte$ is the res'+t #f the test. Ex3: Qhat happene$ t# him 0ester$a0 might happen t# 's t#m#rr#w.

r Y".7e O )^a !-'8i m*3 )^a ).! m*

B -$ thay th cho 4anh t& chN ngE7i hoOc ng2jt : trEGc n$ 2 chN sm s: h<u c;a ngE7i hoOc ng 2jt $ Hi 2Gi 4anh t& i sau5 Ex: james- wh#se father is the presi$ent #f the c#mpan0- has receive$ a pr#m#ti#n. B #rong lHi 2cn 2it =uan trXng n'n 4Dng .4 w"i)" % thay th cho 4anh t& b1t ng 2jt mOc 4D w".7e 23n EFc ch1p nhjn5 Ex: 3aving acc#'nt- #f which (4 wh#se) interest rate is F'ite hight- is ver0 c#mm#n n#w. B poOc 4Dng wi#" N !./!0 !./! B"ra7e thay cho w".7e Ex: *he h#'se wh#se wa++s were ma$e #f g+ass 4 *he h#'se with the g+ass wa++s.

T C>)" ;.9i Pl mU!" %V B"W

bHi 2Gi nh<ng m?nh 0 ph b`t buc ngE7i ta c$ th% lo/i bs /i t& =uan h? 2 ng t& #. Pe acDng 2Gi cc trF ng t& c;a n$g trong mt sH trE7ng hFp sauA B #rEGc mt m?nh 0 ph m c1u tr6c ng t& : th7i b> ng5 Ex: *his is the W va+'e (which was) #,taine$ fr#m the ta,+e areas 'n$er the n#rma+ c'rve. B #rEGc mt m?nh 0 ph m sau n$ l mt ng< giGi t&5 Ex: *he ,ea2er (that is) #n the c#'nter c#ntains a s#+'ti#n. B #rEGc mt c1u tr6c ng t& : th% tip 4izn5 Ex: *he gir+ (wh# is) r'nning $#wn the street might ,e in tr#',+e. B -goi ra trong mt sH trE7ng hFp Lhi /i t& =uan h? trong m?nh 0 ph b`t buc g`n li0n 2Gi ch; ng< 9ng trEGc n$ 2 m?nh 0 ph 1y 4izn /t =ui lujt hoOc sm Li?n 4izn

/t thZo tn sH( ngE7i ta c$ th% bs /i t& =uan h? 2 ng t& chInh thay 2o $ bQng mt VerP-i!-5 Ex: *he trave+ers ta2ing (4 wh# ta2e) this ,'s #n a $ai+0 ,asis ,'0 their tic2et in ,##2ing. B #rong nh<ng m?nh 0 ph LhKng b`t buc ngE7i ta c8ng c$ th% lo/i bs /i t& =uan h? 2 ng t& #. Pe Lhi n$ 9ng trEGc mt ng< 4anh t&5 #uy nhi'n phn ng< 4anh t& cMn l/i 23n phSi 9ng gi<a ^ 41u phy5 Ex: "r jac2s#n- (wh# is) a pr#fess#r- is trave+ing in the "i$east this 0ear. B ]o/i bs /i t& =uan h? 2 ng t& chInh( thay 2o $ bQng T VerP-i!- Lhi m?nh 0 ph ny i bn nghRa cho mt tn ng< alHi 2it ny r1t phn bing5 Ex: *he presi$ent ma$e a speech f#r the fam#'s man visiting (wh# visite$) him.

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C>)" 7E 5W!- P1 #r.!- mD# 7: #r'8!- "(B

1L Ds!- vSi mD# 7: )>) )]/ #r`) %D!- #$

B fave 7P07#" N 5.i!- O )a/7e1 lm cho Ex: Pe ha$ 's +a'ghing a++ thr#'gh the mea+. B S N w.!d# "ave 7P N 5.i!- O S N w.!d# a;;.w 7P #. 5. 7#"1 LhKng cho phep ai lm g@ Ex: X w#nYt have him te++ing me what t# $#. B "c cm hi?n t/i phn t&A a55i!-3 B.i!#i!- ./#3 remi!5i!-3 war!i!-3 rea7.!i!#"a# 0u c$ th% m: u cho mt m?nh 0 ph gin tip5 Ex2: Pe t#+$ me t# start ear+0- remin$ing me that the r#a$ w#'+$ ,e cr#w$e$. Ex3: Seas#ning that he c#'+$ #n+0 get t# the +a2e- we f#++#we$ that wa0. B T. )a#)" 7P 5.i!- 7#"1 b`t gOp ai ang (hnh ng c;a tn ng< lm phjt lMng ch; ng<g5 Ex: Xf she catches 0#' rea$ing her $iar0-she wi++ ,e f'ri#'s. B T. 4i!5 7P07#" 5.i!- 7#"1 #h1y aiP ci g@ ang Ex: X f#'n$ him stan$ing at the $##rwa0 Ex) Pe f#'n$ a tree +0ing acr#ss the r#a$. B To lea$e s7 "oing sth: N@ ai +5m g} Ex: X +eft H#, ta+2ing t# the $irect#r after the intr#$'cti#n. B G.0).me 5.i!- 7#" (4Dng cho th% thao 2 mua s`mg Ex: .# s2iing/ g# swimming/ g# sh#pping/ c#me $ancing B T. 7Be!5 #ime 5.i!- 7#"1 Bs th7i gian lm g@ Ex: Pe 's'a++0 spen$s m'ch time preparing his +ess#ns. B T. wa7#e #ime 5.i!-1 hao phI th7i gian lm g@ Ex: 3he waste$ a++ the aftern##n having sma++ ta+2s with her frien$s. B T. "ave a "ar5 #ime0#r./P;e 5.i!- 7#"1 .Op Lh$ Lhcn Lhi lm g@ Ex: Pe has tr#',+e +istening Lng+ish. B T. Pe w.r#" 5.i!- 7#"1 ng % lm g@ Ex: *his pr#1ect is w#rth spen$ing time an$ m#ne0 #n. ~^

B T. Pe P/76 5.i!- 7.me#"i!-1 bjn lm g@ Ex: 3he is ,'s0 pac2ing n#w. B Be !.0 !.# m/)"0 a!60 7.me -..5 5.i!- 7m#1 JhKng c$ Ich( It Lhi c$ Ich alm g@g Ex) XtYs n# g##$ m0 ta+2ing t# him) Nqi ch'0%n vi anh ta t:i chw thC0 cq ch g}. Ex) Qhat g##$ is it as2ing her) PEi c: ta th} cq ch g} cc ch8

11

P1 %'() 7E 5W!- %_ r`# !-! !"c!- )u/ 5*i

B pai hnh ng WSy ra song song cDng mt l6cA hnh ng th9 hai : 4/ng V-i!-( hai hnh ng LhKng tch r7i Lhsi nhau b:i b1t L@ 41u phSy no5 Ex: Pe $rives awa0 an$ whist+es 4 Pe $rives awa0 whist+ing. B Jhi hnh ng th9 hai hoOc cc hnh ng tip sau thZo n$ l mt phn trong =u tr@nh 4izn bin c;a hnh ng th9 nh1t th@ hnh ng th9 hai hoOc cc hnh ng tip thZo sau n$ : 4/ng V-i!-5 .i<a hai hnh ng c$ ngcn cch nhau b:i 41u phy5 Ex: 3he went #'t an$ s+amme$ the $##r -> she went #'t- s+amming the $##r. B Jhi hnh ng th9 ^ hoOc cc hnh ng sau n$ l Lt =uS c;a hnh ng th9 nh1t th@ hnh ng th9 ^ 2 cc hnh ng tip thZo s : 4/ng V-i!- -$ s ngcn cch 2Gi hnh ng chInh bQng mt 41u phy5 Ex: Pe fire$ tw# sh#ts- 2i+++ing a r#,,er an$ w#'n$ing the #ther. B pnh ng th9 ^ LhKng cn chung ch; ng< 2Gi hnh ng th9 nh1t m chN cn l Lt =uS c8ng i c$ th% : 4/ng V-i!Ex: *he p+ane crashe$- its ,#m,s e/p+#$ing when it hit the gr#'n$.

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C>)" 7E 5W!- !-/6w! mz/ ".*! #"*!" (T. "ave N Ph)

Y"./;5 (7"./;5) ;i+e N #. "ave N Ph 1 DiF! %9# mD# 'S) m/:! +",!- #"*!" Ex: Pe w#'+$ +i2e t# have seen the ph#t#s 4 Pe w#'+$ have +i2e$ t# see the ph#t#s (H't he c#'+$nYt). B CDng 2Gi mt sH ng t&A #. aBBear #. 7eem #. "aBBe! #. Bre#e!5

N #. "ave N Ph

B -'n nhG rQng hnh ng c;a nguy'n m3u hon thnh WSy ra trEGc hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh5 Ex: Pe seems t# have passe$ the e/am -> Xt seems that he has passe$ the e/am. Ex: 3he preten$e$ t# have rea$ the materia+ -> 3he preten$e$ that she ha$ rea$ the materia+. B CDng 2Gi 7.rr63 #. Pe 7.rr6 N #. "ave N Ph1 pnh ng c;a nguy'n m3u hon thnh WSy ra trEGc tr/ng thi 7.rr6 Ex: *he gir+s were s#rr0 t# have misse$ the S#c2 J#ncert -> the gir+s were s#rr0 that the0 ha$ misse$ the S#c2 J#ncert. B CDng 2Gi mt sH cc ng t& sau y : th% b> ngA #. a)+.w;e5-e Pe;ieve3 ).!7i5er3 4i!53 +!.w3 reB.r#3 7a63 7/BB.7e3 #"i!+3 /!5er7#a!5 pnh ng c;a nguy'n m3u hon thnh WSy ra trEGc hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh5 Ex: Pe was ,e+ieve$ t# have g#ne #'t #f the c#'ntr0 -> Xt was ,e+ieve$ that he ha$ g#ne #'t #f the c#'ntr0. B CDng 2Gi mt sH cc ng t& Lhc nhE #. );aim3 e?Be)#3 ".Be3 Br.mi7e bOc bi?t lEu k rQng hnh ng c;a nguy'n m3u hon thnh s : 4/#/re Ber4e)# so 2Gi th7i c;a ng t& : m?nh 0 chInh5 Ex: Pe e/pects t# have gra$'ate$ ,0 j'ne -> Pe e/pects that he wi++ have gra$'ate$ ,0 j'ne. Ex: Pe pr#mise$ t# have t#+$ me the secret ,0 the en$ #f this wee2 -> Pe pr#mise$ that he w#'+$ have t#+$ me the secret ,0 the en$ #f this wee2.

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N"c!- )>)" 7E 5W!- +">) )^a #"a#

1 T"a# 5s!- vSi #' )>)" ;* mD# ;iw! #$ (r}!-)
B bQng sau U ng t& 7a63 #e;;3 #"i!+3 Pe;ieve th@ #"a# c$ th% bs i EFc5 Ex: j#hn sai$ (that) he was +eaving ne/t wee2. B bQng sau U ng t& me!#i.!3 5e);are3 reB.r#3 7#a#e th@ #"a# b`t buc phSi c$ mOt5 Ex: .e#rge menti#ne$ that he was g#ing t# Urance ne/t 0ear. B T"a# 23n b`t buc phSi 4Dng : m?nh 0 th9 ^ trong cu sau 41u phy nu 23n cDng chung mt m?nh 0 Qng sau U ng t& tr'n5 Ex: *he "a1#r $ec+are$ that #r j'ne the first he w#'+$ ann#'nce the res'+t #f the search an$ that he w#'+$ never #ver +##2 the crime p'nishment.

h MU!" %V #"a#
B ] lo/i m?nh 0 c$ hai thnh phn 2 b`t buc phSi c$ #"a# trong cu5 B CDng 2Gi ch; ng< giS i# 2 tInh t&5 I# N #. Pe N a5X N T"a# N S N V O T"a# N S N V #. Pe N a5X Ex: Xt is we++ 2n#wn that man0 resi$ents #f thir$ w#r+$ c#'ntries are $0ing. or *hat man0 resi$ents #f thir$ w#r+$ c#'ntries are $0ing is we++ 2n#wn. B CDng 2Gi ng t& t/o thnh mt m?nh 0 c ljp5 I# N verP N ).mB;eme!# N T"a# N S N V O T"a# N S N V N Ex: Xt s'rprises me that j#hn w#'+$ $# s'ch a thing or *hat j#hn w#'+$ $# s'ch a thing s'rprises me. NV N ).mB;eme!#

B -gE7i ta 4Dng ch; ng< giS i# trong 2cn n$i % 4z nhjn bit 2 #"a# lm ch; ng< thjt trong 2cn 2it5 B #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp ngE7i ta So ng< giGi t& l'n u cu( ng t& nHi hoOc ng t& tRnh So l'n tr'n #pA# 2 sau $ mGi l ch; ng< thjt5 "Kng th9c sf 4ng nhE sauA
?,e:ositional :h,ase C lin& $e,7+stati$e $e,7DTEATDsentence as ,eal su79ect8 an" TEATDsentence as ,eal su79ect*

Ex: Am#ng the s'rprising $isc#veries were *PA* *.re/ was a far s+ee2er ,'t m#re p#werf'+ carniv#re than previ#'s th#'ght- perhaps weighing +ess than .l t#ns m#re

~V

than a ,'++ e+ephant- an$ *PA* *.re/ ha,itat was f#rest- n#t swamp #r p+ain as previ#'s+0 ,e+ieve$. ("et tr#ng s; nhng ph6t hi%n ng!c nhiBn +5 s ch~ +#5i 2hDng +#ng ,!# cha +5 met +#!i 9n thrt cq thdn h}nh m=t m5 hcn nhih'- s#ng cng +5 +#5i $ng mznh hcn ngi ta z tAng ngh< trc d0- cq +x cdn nung cha bn tCn ri-t8c +5 2h:ng +n hcn met c#n v#i Kc- v5 tyng m:i trng s;ng cDa +#5i 2hDng +#ng n50 +5 rAng ch8 2h:ng phwi +5 fm +f0 ha0 ng ,yng nh ngi ta vn thng tin.) B T"e 4a)# #"a# N 7e!#e!)e0 #"e 4a)# remai!7 #"a# N 7e!#e!)e0 #"e 4a)# .4 #"e ma##er i7 #"a# O #hmc t l555PSm thmc l555 Ex: *he fact that 3im#n ha$ n#t ,een h#me f#r v $a0s $i$npt seem t# w#rr0 an0,#$0.

~y

Cu/ -ia %@!"

B ] lo/i cu Hi tEFng th9 nh1t muHn Hi tEFng th9 hai lm mt 2i?c g@ nhEng lm hay LhKng cMn ph thuc 2o ngE7i th9 hai5 B #rong cu b`t buc phSi c$ that tr& mt sH trE7ng hFp5

1 Ds!- vSi w./;5 ra#"er #"a#

B -g< php hi?n /i ngy nay Oc bi?t l ng< php M cho phep 4Dng w./;5 ra#"er m LhKng cn 4Dng #"a# trong lo/i cu ny5 Ex: Qe w#'+$ rather (that) he n#t ta2e this train.

h Ds!- vSi %D!- #$

B FGng 2+2H45 ] nh<ng ng t& Mi hsi m?nh 0 Qng sau n$ phSi : 4/ng giS >nh 2 trong cu b`t buc phSi c$ #"a# nu n$ 4izn /t k tr'n5 a42isZ asL comman4 4ZcrZZ 4Zman4 insist mo2Z or4Zr prZuZr proposZ rZcommZn4 rZ=uZst rZ=uirZ stipulatZ suggZst urgZ

B bng t& sau ch; ng< ^ : 4/ng nguy'n th% LhKng chia bs #.5 B -u muHn thnh ljp th% ph; >nh Ot !.# sau ch; ng< ^ trEGc nguy'n th% bs #.5 Ex: *he $#ct#r s'ggeste$ that his patient st#p sm#2ing. B -u bs #"a# i th@ ch; ng< ^ s tr: 20 4/ng tn ng< 2 ng t& sau n$ tr: 20 4/ng nguy'n th% c$ #.( cu m1t tInh ch1t giS >nh5 #r: thnh mt 4/ng m?nh l?nh th9c gin tip5 B #rong ng< php AnhxAnh Qng trEGc ng t& : m?nh 0 ^ thE7ng c$ 7"./;5( ngE7i Anh chN bs 7"./;5 Lhi n$ l ng t& #. Pe nhEng ng< php AnhxM LhKng 4Dng 7"./;5 cho ton b ng t& Qng sau5

H Ds!- vSi #[!" #$

B FGng 2+2HI l mt sH cc tInh t& Mi hsi m?nh 0 sau n$ phSi : 4/ng giS >nh( trong cu b`t buc phSi c$ that 2 ng t& sau ch; ng< ^ : 4/ng nguy'n th% bs #.5 a42isZ4 nZcZssary ~{ rZcommZn4Z4 urgZnt

important man4atory

obligatory proposZ4

rZ=uirZ4 suggZstZ4

impZrati2Z

B ]Eu k rQng trong bSng ny c$ mt sH tInh t& l phn t& ^ c1u t/o t& cc ng t& : bSng 101rH5 B -u muHn c1u t/o ph; >nh Ot !.# sau ch; ng< ^ trEGc nguy'n th% bs #.5

=t C 7e C a"9 C that C @ C J$e,7 in sim:le ;o,mK

Ex2: Xt is necessar0 that he fin$ the ,##2s. Ex3: Xt has ,een pr#pr#se$ that we change the t#pic. B -u bs #"a# i th@ ch; ng< ^ s bin thnh tn ng< sau giGi t& 4.r( ng t& tr: 20 4/ng nguy'n th% c$ #. 2 cu m1t tInh ch1t giS >nh tr: thnh 4/ng m?nh l?nh th9c gin tip5 Lu : B "u giS >nh 4Dng 2Gi ^ lo/i tr'n thE7ng EFc 4Dng trong cc 2cn bSn hoOc thE giao 4>ch 4izn /t l7i 0 ngh> t& phIa A xw B m LhKng c$ tInh b`t buc5 B JhKng chN c$ ng t& 2 tInh t& mGi EFc 4Dng thZo 4/ng ny( t1t cS cc 4anh t& Wu1t pht t& nh<ng ng t& 2 tInh t& tr'n 0u buc m?nh 0 sau n$ phSi : 4/ng giS >nh( nu nhE n$ 4izn /t cc yu tH tr'n5 Ex: *here is s'ggesti#n fr#m the $#ct#r that the patient st#p sm#2ing. Ex: Xt is rec#mmen$ati#n that the vehic+e #wner ,e present at the c#'rt

M Cu/ -ia %@!" 5s!- vSi mD# 7: #r'8!- "(B +">)

B -$ 4Dng % 4izn /t mt EGc muHn hoOc mt l7i nguy0n r;a thE7ng bao hm cc th lmc si'u nhi'n5 .#$ ,e with 0#' 4 .##$ ,0e. J'rse this t#a$) Jhbt ti%t c6i c#n cqc n50. B CDng 2Gi ng t& Ma6 trong mt sH trE7ng hFp Oc bi?t sauA B C.me w"a# ma6 O CD th no chcng n<a( 4D b1t c9 truy?n g@5 Ex: J#me what ma0 we wi++ stan$ ,0 0#'. B May as tZll not 4o sth 5555 iu 5555 r "$ th% &ng55555 nu LhKng5 Ex: Z#' ma0 as we++ n#t c#me if 0#' canYt ,e #n time) J6c anh cq th@ Ang bn nb' 2h:ng bn =c ng gi. B Ma60Mi-"# (X/7#) a7 we;; 5. 7m# O "hng m1t g@ m l/i LhKng( m1t g@ c;a bX5 Ex: 3ince n#,#$0 wants that 1#,- we might (1'st) as we++ +et him have it) V} 2h:ng ai thch vi%c n50- m}nh chng mCt g} m5 +!i 2h:ng ch# hIn ta +5m nq

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B Ma6 4izn /t mt giS >nh trong l7i 0 ngh> m ngE7i n$i cho rQng chEa ch`c n$ i EFc thmc hi?nA Ex: *he sign #n the +awn sa0s c+ear+0 that pe#p+e ma0 n#t wa+2 #n the grass. (2h:ng $>ng shoul" tr#ng trng h=p n50). ;i!+verP N a5X B Ma6 N S N O "u ch6c cho5 verP N ).mB;eme!# Ex: "a0 0#' ,#th ver0 happ0) Jhc c6c ,!n ,6ch niBn giai +z#. Ex: "a0 the c#nference ,e s'ccessf'+) Jhc hei nghr th5nh c:ng rKc r. Ex: &#ng ma0 she +ive t# en1#0 her g##$ f#rt'ne) Jf' chc ch# n5ng s;ng +d' hsng trn vn v`n ma0 cDa n5ng. B ,u nZZ4 bZ r ,u nZcZssary r -u cn Ex: Xf nee$ ,e- we can ta2e an#ther r#a$. B CDng 2Gi ng t& #. Pe( bs #. sau i4 % chN mt sm giS >nh chEa EFc phn >nh r rng l 6ng hay sai5 Ex: Xf that ,e a++ right- then it w#'+$ ,e n# $efence f#r this man t# sa0 heYs inn#cent. Ex: Xf that ,e err#r an$ 'p#n me pr#ve$) Nb' q F'w +5 +~i v5 c8 nhCt rnh g6n ch# t:i. B Le# i# Pe me1 .iS sf $ l tKi( gi phSi tay tKi5 Ex: P's,an$) &et it ,e me. Qife (s'$$en+0 appearing) ) Xf that ,e 0#'- what w#'+$ 0#' $#. B Be #"a# a7 i# ma6 r w"e#"er #"a# i7 #r/e .r !.# LhKng5 Ex: He that as it ma0- 0#' have t# accept it. r "ho 4D l phSi th hay

B #hZn so bZ itA "9 phSi 2jy thKi5 Ex: Xf we have t# pa0 ka-___- then s# ,e it (th} c8 phwi trw th:i)

I Cu/ -ia %@!" 5s!- vSi i# N #. Pe N #ime

B I#d7 #ime (4.r 7P) #. 5. 7m#1 i n l6c ai phSi lm g@ a#h7i gian 2&a 2On LhKng mang tInh giS >nhg5 Ex: XtYs time f#r me t# get t# the airp#rt) Nz bn +c t:i phwi ra sdn ,a0. B I#d7 #ime "i-"#ime N S N 7imB;e Ba7# O i n l6c m ath7i gian i trz mang tInh aP./# #ime giS >nhg

Ex: XtYs time X g#t t# the airp#rt Ex: XtYs hightime the cit0 g#vernment $i$ smt t# st#p the traffic 1am.

~~

L:i !Qi Pa. "*m

B b$ l lHi n$i gp hai k trong cu l mt thKng =ua mt sH cc thnh ng<5

1 N.# .!;6

P/# a;7.

B "c thmc th% : Qng sau hai thnh ng< ny phSi tEYng EYng 2Gi nhau 20 mOt ng< php aN - N3 a5X - a5Xg5
noun a'jective + but also + a'verb prepositional phrase OR
Subject + not only + verb + but also + verb

S + !erb + not only +

noun a'jective a'verb prepositional phrase

Ex: S#,ert is n#t #n+0 ta+ente$ ,'t a+s# han$s#me. Ex: Pe writes n#t #n+0 c#rrect+0 ,'t a+s# neat+0. B #hnh phn sau P/# a;7. thE7ng =uyt >nh thnh phn sau !.# .!;6 Ex: =nco,,ect: Pe is n#t #n+0 fam#'s in Xta+0 ,'t a+s# in 3wit7er+an$. >o,,ect: Pe is fam#'s n#t #n+0 in Xta+0 ,'t a+s# in 3wit7er+an$.

h A7 we;; a71 Co!- !"'

B "c thnh phn Qng trEGc 2 Qng sau thnh ng< ny phSi tEYng EYng 2Gi nhau 20 mOt ng< php5

S + !erb +

noun a'jective a'verb prepositional phrase

+ as well as +

noun a'jective a'verb prepositional phrase

OR Subject + verb + as well as + verb

Ex: S#,ert is ta+ente$ as we++ as han$s#me. Ex: Pe writes c#rrect+0 as we++ as neat+0. Ex: Ga'+ p+a0s the pian# as we++ as c#mp#ses m'sic. B JhKng EFc nhm thnh ng< ny 2Gi a7 we;; a7 c;a hi?n tEFng ng ch; ng< mang nghRa cDng 2Gi5 Ex: *he teacher- as we++ as her st'$ents- is g#ing t# the c#ncert. Ex: "0 c#'sins- as we++ as *im- have a test t#m#rr#w.

H B.#"

a!5

B "Kng th9c 4Dng giHng h?t nhE N.# .!;6 P/# a;7. B B.#" chN EFc 4Dng 2Gi a!53 LhKng EFc 4Dng 2Gi a7 we;; a7 Ex: S#,ert is ,#th ta+ente$ an$ han$s#me. Ex: Ga'+ ,#th p+a0s the pian# an$ c#mp#ses m'sic.

TT

C>)" 7E 5W!- #. +!.w3 #. +!.w ".w

S l Lnot hot l 2Zrb in inuiniti2Z .r
Noun Prepositional phrase Sentence

S + know +

Ex: Hi++ 2n#w h#w t# p+a0 tennis we++. Ex: jas#n 2new the answer t# the teacherYs F'esti#n. Ex: X $i$nYt 2n#w that 0#' were g#ing t# Urance. B bQng sau #. +!.w ".w c8ng c$ th% 4Dng mt cu % 4izn /t LhS ncng hoOc sm b`t buc5 Ex: At a g+ance- she 2new h#w she c#'+$ s#+ve this math pr#,+em.

T^

MU!" %V !"'(!- PD
B b$ l lo/i m?nh 0 4izn /t hai k tri ngEFc trong cDng mt cu5

1 De7Bi#e0I!7Bi#e .4 O P]# )"]B

B bQng sau hai thnh ng< ny phSi 4Dng mt ng< 4anh t&( LhKng EFc 4Dng mt cu hon chNnh5 Ex: oespite his ph0sica+ han$icap- he has ,ec#me a s'ccessf'+ ,'sinessman. Ex: jane wi++ ,e a$mitte$ t# the 'niversit0 in spite #f her ,a$ gra$es.

h A;#"./-"0Eve! #"./-"0T"./-" O Mn) 5</

B bQng sau h thnh ng< ny phSi 4Dng mt cu hon chNnh( LhKng EFc 4Dng mt ng< 4anh t&5 Ex: A+th#'gh he has a ph0sica+ han$icap- he has ,ec#me a s'ccessf'+ ,'sinessman. B #uy nhi'n nu #"./-" 9ng cuHi cu tch bi?t Lhsi cu chInh b:i 41u phy5 Jhi n$i hYi 4&ng l/i mt ch6t( l6c $ n$ mang nghRa #/6 !"iw! (O f.wever)5 Ex: Pe pr#mise$ t# ca++ me- ti++ n#w X havenYt receive$ an0 ca++ fr#m him- th#'gh.

H f.wever N a5X N S N ;i!+verP O 5s )Q

Ex: P#wever str#ng 0#' are- 0#' canYt m#ve this r#c2.

%i )"!- !ca #"v

M A;#"./-"0 A;Pei# (m.re 4.rma;) N A5Xe)#ive0 A5verP0 AverPia; M.5i4ier

Ex) Per app#intment was a significant- a+th#'ght/ a+,eit temp#rar0 s'ccess. (Vi%c ,5 C0 =c , nhi%m +5 met th5nh c:ng F'an trng C0- nhng $' sa# cng cht +5 nhCt thi) Ex) Per perf#rme$ the tas2 we++- a+th#'ght/ a+,eit s+#w+0 (Anh ta thKc hi%n nhi%m v q t;t C0- t'0 ryng ch`m).

Th

N"c!- %D!- #$ 5F -u6 !"<m ;z!

B -h<ng ng t& : bSng sau r1t 4z gy nhm l3n 20 mOt ng< nghRa( chInh tS hoOc pht m5 risZ liZ sit -i ng t& rosZ risZn lay lain sat sat -go/i ng t& raisZ4 raisZ4 lai4 lai4 sZt sZt rising lying sitting

raisZ lay sZt

raising laying sZtting

B T. ri7e 1 Du!- ;w! Ex: *he s'n rises ear+0 in the s'mmer. B T. rai7e 7m#07P1 Nu!- ai3 )>i -v ;w! Ex: *he st'$ents raise their han$s in c+ass. B T. ;ie1 N}m3 b3 #9i T. ;ie i!1 b #9i T. ;ie 5.w!1 !}m ?/:!T. ;ie .!1 !}m #rw! Ex: *he 'niversit0 +ies in the western secti#n #f t#wn. Ex: o#nYt $ist'r, "ar0- she has +ai$ $#wn f#r a rest. 6]Eu kA "n phn bi?t ng t& ny 2Gi ng t& #. ;ie an$i 4Hig trong m3u cu #. ;ie #. 7P aP./# 7m# (n$i 4Hi ai 20 ci g@gA Ex: Pe is +0ing t# 0#' a,#'t the test. B T. ;a61 %n#3 %_ T. ;a6 .!1 %n# #rw! T. ;a6 i!1 %n# v*. T. ;a6 5.w!1 %n# ?/:!Ex: o#nYt +a0 0#'r c+#thes #n the ,e$. o]Eu k TA #h7i hi?n t/i c;a ng t& ny r1t 4z ngy nhm l3n 2Gi =u Lh9 Yn giSn c;a ng t& #. ;ie5 "n phSi phn bi?t bQng ng< cSnh c th%5 TU

B T. 7i# T. 7i# i!1 !-i #9i3 !-i #r.!T. 7i# .!1 !-i #rw! (%y !-i 7!) B T. 7e# O #. B/#3 #. ;a61 %n#3 %_ L'/ ~1 ht m hi?n t/i Yn giSn c;a ng t& ny r1t 4z l3n 2Gi SimB;e Ba7# c;a t. 7i#5

MD# 7: )>) #"*!" !-c 5s!- vSi %D!- #$ #rw!1

#. 7e# #"e #aP;e 4.r1 P<6 P*! %_ Ex: "0 m#ther has set the ta,+e f#r the fami+0 $inner. #. ;a6 .44 (w.r+er7 emB;.6ee7)1 )". #",i viU)3 -iy! #"( Ex: *he c#mpan0 ha$ t# +a0 #ff twent0-five emp+#0ees ,eca'se #f a pr#$'cti#n s+#w$#wn. #. 7e# (Pr.+e! P.!e) i!1 PQ !"c!- )>i ?'g!- -z6 v*. Ex: or.jac#,s has set man0 ,r#2en ,#nes in p+aster casts. #. 7e# .!ed7 a;arm 4.r1 tn# %!- " P>. #"e) v*. ;`) Ex: j#hn set his a+arm f#r si/ #Yc+#c2. #. 7e# 4ire #.1 ;*m )">6 Ex: Qhi+e p+a0ing with matches- the chi+$ren set fire t# the s#fa. #. rai7e (a!ima;73 B;a!#7) 4.r a ;ivi!-1 #r!- )>i -v3 !/,i ).! -v P>! %_ ;]6 #iV! Ex: *hat farmer raises chic2ens f#r a +iving.

TV

MD# 7: )>) %D!- #$ %n) PiU# +">)

b$ l nh<ng ng t& giHng h?t nhau 20 mOt h@nh th9c nhEng Lhc nhau 20 mOt ng< nghRa nu : trong cc m3u cu Lhc nhau5 B a-ree #. 5. 7m#1 %!- ~ ;*m -v Ex: Pe agree$ t# +eave ear+0 t#m#rr#w m#rning. B a-ree #. .!ed7 5.i!- 7m#1 %!- ~ vSi viU) ai ;*m -v Ex: Pe agree$ t# m0 +eaving ear+0 t#m#rr#w m#rning. B Mea! #. 5. 7m#1 %@!" ;*m -v Ex: X mean t# get t# the t#p #f the hi++ ,ef#re s'nrise. B I4 i# N mea! N verP-i!-1 )". 5s )a viU)3 Pa. "*m )a viU) Ex: "0 neigh,#'r was $etermine$ t# get a tic2et f#r 3at'r$a0Ys game if it meant stan$ing in +ine a++ night. B Pr.B.7e #. 5. 7m#1 )Q ~ %@!" ;*m -v Ex: X pr#p#se t# start t#m#rr#w. B Pr.B.7e 5.i!- 7m#1 tV !-"@ ;*m -v Ex: X pr#p#se waiting ti++ the p#+ice came. B G. .! 5.i!- 7m#07m#1 #i&B #W) ;*m -v3 )>i -v (mD# viU) %a!- P@ Pl 5b) Ex: Pe went #n writing after a ,rea2 B G. .! #. 5. 7m#1 =/a6 7a!- #i&B #W) ;*m -v (vz! vV )s!- mD# v]! %V !"'!)"/6_! 7a!- +"[a )9!" +">)) Ex: Pe sh#we$ the is+an$ #n the map then went #n t# te++ a,#'t its c+imate. B Tr6 #. 5. 7m#1 ): -!- ;*m -v Ex: Pe tr0 t# s#+ve this math pr#,+em. B Tr6 5.i!- 7m#1 T"E ;*m -v Ex: X tr0 sen$ing her f+#wers- writing her +etter- giving her presents- ,'t she sti++ w#'+$npt spea2 t# me.

Ty

Sj B"s "(B vV #"8i %D!- #$

#rong mt cu ting Anh c$ ^ thnh phn c$ li'n =uan n nhau 20 mOt th7i th@ th7i c;a ng t& : hai thnh phn $ phSi tEYng EYng 2Gi nhau5 #h7i c;a ng t& : m?nh 0 chInh s =uyt >nh th7i c;a ng t& : m?nh 0 ph5 Main clausZ B SimB;e Bre7e!# CZpZn4Znt clausZ B Pre7e!# Br.-re77ive

pnh ng c;a m?nh 0 ph WSy ra cDng l6c 2Gi hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh B SimB;e Bre7e!# B Yi;;0 Ca!0 Ma6 N VerP (".n) Near 4/#/re) pnh ng c;a m?nh 0 ph WSy ra sau hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh trong mt tEYng lai LhKng EFc Wc >nh hoOc tEYng lai gn5 B SimB;e Bre7e!# B SimB;e Ba7# pnh ng c;a m?nh 0 ph WSy ra trEGc hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh trong mt =u Lh9 EFc Wc >nh c th% 20 mOt th7i gian5 B SimB;e Bre7e!# B Pre7e!# Ber4e)# (Br.-re77ive) pnh ng c;a m?nh 0 ph WSy ra trEGc hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh trong mt =u Lh9 LhKng EFc Wc >nh c th% 20 mOt th7i gian5 B SimB;e Ba7# B Pa7# Br.-re77ive0 SimB;e Ba7# pnh ng c;a m?nh 0 ph WSy ra cDng l6c 2Gi hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh trong =u Lh95 B SimB;e Ba7# B Y./;50 C./;50 Mi-"# N VerP pnh ng c;a m?nh 0 ph WSy ra sau hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh trong mt tEYng lai trong =u Lh95 B SimB;e Ba7# B Pa7# Ber4e)# pnh ng c;a m?nh 0 ph WSy ra trEGc hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh( lDi su 20 trong =u Lh95 Lu : -h<ng nguy'n t`c tr'n y chN EFc p 4ng Lhi cc m?nh 0 trong cu c$ li'n h? 2Gi nhau 20 mOt th7i gian nhEng nu cc m?nh 0 trong cu c$ th7i gian ri'ng bi?t th@ ng t& phSi tun thZo th7i gian c;a chInh m?nh 0 $5 T{

Ex: Pe pr#mise$ t# te++ me- ti++ n#w X havenYt receive$ an0 ca++ fr#m him- th#'gh.

T}

C>)" 7E 5W!- #. 7a63 #. #e;;

B -u sau ch; ng< LhKng c$ mt tn ng< no m n li'n t& #"a# ngay th@ phSi 4Dng #. 7a65 S + say + (that) + S + V B -hEng nu sau ch; ng< c$ mt tn ng< gin tip ri mGi n li'n t& #"a# th@ phSi 4Dng #. #e;; S + tell + indirect object + (that) + S +V Ex: Pe sa0s that he wi++ ,e ,'s0 t#m#rr#w/ he te++ me that.... B Sau #. #e;; 23n c$ th% c$ mt sH tn ng< trmc tip 4D b1t L@ hon cSnh no5
a stor ajoke asecret a lie the truth (the) ti!e

Tell

Ex: *he +itt+e ,#0 was p'nishe$ ,eca'se he t#+$ his m#ther a +ie.

T~

t9i #$ !"u! ?'!- .!e v* 6./

B "S hai /i t& ny 0u mang nghRa ngE7i ta( tuy nhi'n ng< php sf 4ng c$ Lhc nhau5 B -u : tr'n i sf 4ng /i t& .!e th@ cc /i t& tEYng 9ng tip thZo : m?nh 0 4EGi phSi l .!e3 .!ed73 "e3 "i75 Ex: Xf #ne ta2es this e/am with#'t st'$0ing- #ne is +i2e+0 t# fai+. Xf #ne ta2es this e/am with#'t st'$0ing- he is +i2e+0 t# fai+. One sh#'+$ a+wa0s $# #neYs h#mew#r2. One sh#'+$ a+wa0s $# his h#mew#r2. B ]Eu k mt sH ngE7i 4o cn thjn muHn trnh phn bi?t namP n< i 4Dng "e .r 7"e3 "i7 .r "er nhEng i0u $ l LhKng cn thit5 "c /i t& $ chN EFc sf 4ng Lhi no : phIa tr'n c$ nh<ng 4anh t& chN chung chung nhE #"e 7i5e3 #"e Bar#6 Ex: *he 1'$ge wi++ as2 the $efen$ant part0 (cht ch'ng ch'ng) if he #r she a$mits the a++egati#ns. B -u /i t& : tr'n l 6./ th@ cc /i t& tEYng 9ng tip thZo : 4EGi s l 6./ hoOc 6./r5 Ex: Xf 0#' ta2e this e/am with#'t st'$0ing- 0#' are +i2e+0 t# fai+. Z#' sh#'+$ a+wa0s $# 0#'r h#mew#r2. B #uy?t Hi LhKng 4Dng l3n .!e 2 6./ trong cDng mt cu hoOc 4Dng #"e6 thay th cho hai /i t& ny5

TT

T$ %i #r'S) %_ -iSi #"iU/

B #rong mt cu ting Anh c$ ^ thnh phn( nu mt trong hai thnh phn $ c$ 4Dng n /i t& nhn WEng th@ : thnh phn cMn l/i phSi c$ mt 4anh t& % giGi thi?u cho /i t& $ 5 B Canh t& i giGi thi?u phSi tEYng EYng 2Gi /i t& nhn WEng $ 20 mOt giHng 2 sH5 =nco,,ect: Penr0 was $enie$ a$missi#n t# gra$'ate sch##+ ,eca'se the0 $i$ n#t ,e+ieve that he c#'+$ han$+e the w#r2 +#a$. >o,,ect: *he mem,ers #f the a$missi#ns c#mmittee $enie$ Penr0 a$missi#n t# gra$'ate sch##+ ,eca'se the0 $i$ n#t ,e+ieve that he c#'+$ han$+e the w#r2 +#a$. or Penr0 was $enie$ a$missi#n t# gra$'ate sch##+ ,eca'se the mem,ers #f the a$missi#ns c#mmittee $i$ n#t ,e+ieve that he c#'+$ han$+e the w#r2 +#a$. B "hN c$ mt 4anh t& EFc phep giGi thi?u cho /i t&( nu c$ hai s gy n'n sm lm l3n 4o trDng lOp5 =nco,,ect: "r. Hr#wn t#+$ "r. A$ams that he w#'+$ have t# w#r2 a++ night in #r$er t# finish the rep#rt. >o,,ect : Acc#r$ing t# "r. Hr#wn- "r. A$ams wi++ have t# w#r2 a++ night in #r$er t# finish the rep#rt. or "r. Hr#wn sai$ that- in #r$er t# finish the rep#rt- "r. A$ams w#'+$ have t# w#r2 a++ night.

TTT

C>)" 7E 5W!- )>) B"u! #$ b %</ mU!" %V B"W

B #rong mt cu ting Anh c$ chung mt ch; ng< bao gm ^ thnh phnA M?nh 0 ph c$ th% m: u bQng mt V-i!- (chim a sHg x mt phn t& hai anu mang nghRa b> ngg x mt ng t& nguy'n th% anu chN mc Ichg 2 mt ng< 4anh t& hoOc mt ng< giGi t& nu chN sm tEYng 9ng5 B Jhi sf 4ng lo/i cu ny cn ht s9c lEu k rQng ch; ng< c;a m?nh 0 chInh b`t buc phSi l ch; ng< hFp lk c;a m?nh 0 ph5 B #hKng thE7ng c$ y giGi t& 9ng trEGc mt V-i!- m: u cho m?nh 0 ph( $ lA Fy abQng cch( b:ig( u:on8 a;te, asau Lhig( 7e;o,e atrEGc Lhig( Bhile atrong Lhig( Bhen aLhig5 Ex: H0 w#r2ing a ten-h#'r $a0 f#r f#'r $a0s- we can have a +#ng wee2en$. B ]Eu k rQngA .! N ng t& tr/ng thi hoOc i! N ng t& hnh ng th@ c$ th% tEYng EYng 2Gi w"e! hoOc w"i;e5A Ex: On fin$ing (4 when fin$ing) the $##r a1ar- X ar#'se$ s'spici#n. (Mhi thC0 ca hg ms- t:i nw0 sinh m;i nghi ng) Ex: Xn searching (4whi+e searching) f#r 'n$ergr#'n$ $ep#sits #f #i+- ge#+#gist #ften re+0 #n magn#meters. (*r#ng 2hi t}m c6c mE $f' tr#ng +|ng Ct- c6c nh5 ra chCt thng $Ka v5# tA 2b.) B #h7i c;a ng t& : m?nh 0 ph phSi 4o th7i c;a ng t& : m?nh 0 chInh =uyt >nh( ^ hnh ng WSy ra song song cung l6cA B rZsZntA Ex: Gracting her swing ever0 $a0- *rica h#pes t# get a 1#, as a g#+f instr'ct#r. B astA Ex: Qhi+e reviewing f#r the test- "aria rea+i7e$ that she has f#rg#tten t# st'$0 the 'se #f partic+e phrases. B \uturZA Ex: After preparing the $inner- "iche++e wi++ rea$ a ,##2. B -u Pei!- 2 "avi!- m: u cu ph th@ Qng trEGc ch6ng n giGi t& Pe)a/7e Ex: Heing a g##$ st'$ent- he can a+wa0s pass his e/am easi+0. (4 Heca'se he is...) Ex: Paving a terri,+e t##thache- Ghi++ip ca++e$ the $entist far an app#intment. (4 Heca'se he ha$ a...). B bng t& nguy'n th% chN mc Ich : u cu ph Ex: =nco,,ect: *# prevent cavities- $enta+ f+#ss sh#'+$ ,e 'se$ $ai+0 after ,r'shing #neYs teeth. TT^

 >o,,ect: *# prevent cavities- #ne sh#'+$ 'se $enta+ f+#ss $ai+0 after ,r'shing teeth.
B -g< 4anh t& hoOc ng< giGi t& m: u m?nh 0 ph chN sm tEYng 9ng Ex: =nco,,ect: A c#mpetitive sp#rts- g0mnasts m'st perf#rm ,ef#re a pane+ #f 1'$ges wh# 'se their 2n#w+e$ge #f r'+es an$ s2i++ t# $etermine which participant wi++ win. >o,,ect: Xn a g0mnastic c#mpetitive sp#rts game- g0mnasts m'st ...... B hn t& hai m: u m?nh 0 ph chN b> ngA Ex: =nco,,ect: U#'n$ in *an7ania ,0 "ar0 &ea20- s#me arche#+#gists estimate$ that the three - mi++i#n - 0ear - #+$ f#ssi+s were the #+$est h'man remains that were $isc#vere$. >o,,ect: U#'n$ in *an7ania ,0 "ar0 &ea20- the three - mi++i#n - 0ear - #+$ f#ssi+s were estimate$ ,0 s#me arche#+#gists t# ,e the #+$est h'man remains that ha$ ever ,een $isc#vere$. B ]Eu kA "1u tr6c ny cMn p 4ng cho cS cc m3u cu c$ m?nh 0 ph m: u bQngA A;#"./-" N A5X0 Ph Ex: A+th#'gh (he was) nerv#'s- he gave a w#n$erf'+ speech. Ex: A+th#'gh (it ha$ ,een) $amage$- the machine was sti++ f'ncti#ning. B poOc c$ th% 4Dng w"e! l Ph m: u m?nh 0 phA Ex: Qhen (it is) sh#wn thr#'gh a prism- a ,eam #f white +ight ,rea2s int# a++ the c#+#rs #f the rain,#w. B -u hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh l3n m?nh 0 ph 0u WSy ra trong =u Lh9 m hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 ph lDi su hYn n<a 2o trong =u Lh9 th@ cKng th9c s lA
(N.#) N "avi!- N Ph 3 S N 7imB;e Ba7#

B bQng trEGc "avi!- cMn n ch9a ^ giGi t& l Pe)a/7e 2 a4#er( 2i?c hi%u ^ giGi t& ny ph thuc 2o ng< cSnh c;a cu5 B bOc bi?t lEu k rQngA c1u tr6c ny cMn c$ th% p 4ng cho cS m3u cu m cS ^ th7i c;a ng t& s 4izn bin : Bre7e!# Ber4e)#-7imB;e Bre7e!#5 atuy rQng r1t himg Ex: Paving seen the chi+$renps w#r2- "iss A$ams appr#ves their reF'est t# g# h#me. (4 After she has seen...- "iss A$ams appr#ves...) B -u hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 ph WSy ra : th7i b> ng th@ cKng th9c s lA
A4#er0Pe)a/7e N (!.#) N "avi!- Pee! N Ph 3 S N 7imB;e Ba7#

B hSi ht s9c lEu k rQngA i0u =uan trXng nh1t trong 2i?c sf 4ng ^ m3u cu tr'n 23n phSi lA ch; ng< c;a m?nh 0 chInh phSi l ch; ng< hFp lk c;a m?nh 0 ph5

TTh

P"u! #$ 5s!- ;*m #[!" #$

1 P"u! #$ 1(V-i!-) %'() 5s!- ;*m #[!" #$ +"i !Q %>B e!- %<6 %^ )>) %iV/ +iU! 7a/1
B b9ng ngay trEGc 4anh t& m n$ bn nghRa5 B pnh ng phSi : th% ch; ng5 B pnh ng $ ang : th% tip 4izn5 B bng t& EFc sf 4ng lm tInh t& phSi LhKng Mi hsi mt tn ng< no ani ng t&g5 Ex: *he cr0ing ,a,0 w#2e "r.Hini#n. ( *he ,a,0 was cr0ing) Ex: *he ,+##ming f+#wers in the mea$#w create$ a rain,#w #f c#+#rs. (*he f+#wers were ,+##ming)

h P"u! #$ h (V-e5) %'() 5s!- ;*m #[!" #$ +"i !Q %>B e!- %<6 %^ )>) %iV/ +iU! 7a/1
B b9ng ngay trEGc 4anh t& m n$ bn nghRa5 B pnh ng phSi : th% b> ng5 B pnh ng $ WSy ra trEGc hnh ng c;a m?nh 0 chInh5 Ex: *he s#rte$ mai+ was $e+ivere$ t# the #ffices ,ef#re n##n. (*he mai+ ha$ ,een s#rte$). Lu : Mt sH cc ng t& nhE #. i!#ere7#3 #. P.re3 #. e?)i#e3 #. 4ri-"#e! Lhi sf 4ng phSi r1t cn thjn20 2i?c nh<ng phn t& EFc 4Dng lm tInh t& Wu1t pht t& nh<ng ng t& ny mang nghRa ch; ng hay b> ng5 Ex: *he ,#ring pr#fess#r p't the st'$ents t# s+eep. *he ,#ring +ect're p't the st'$ents t# s+eep. *he ,#re$ st'$ents went t# s+eep $'ring the ,#ring +ect're.

TTU

Cu/ #"$a
B Jhi thKng tin trong cu b> lOp i lOp l/i 4EGi 4/ng LhKng cn thit th@ n$ b> gXi l cu th&a( cn phSi lo/i bs phn th&a $5(Pa-e h1T) B -gE7i Anh LhKng 4Dng #"e rea7.! Pe)a/7e m 4Dng #"e rea7.! #"a# Ex: *he reas#n X ta2e this c#'rse that itYs necessar0 f#r me. B -gE7i Anh LhKng 4Dng #"e #ime w"e! m chN 4Dng mt trong hai5 Ex: Xt is the time/ when X g#t h#me. B -gE7i Anh LhKng 4Dng B;a)e w"ere m chN 4Dng mt trong hai5 Ex: Xt is the p+ace/ where X was ,#rn.

TTV

C]/ #r`) )u/ 7.!- 7.!B Jhi thKng tin trong mt cu EFc Ea ra 4EGi 4/ng hng lo/t th@ cc thnh phn EFc li?t L' phSi song song 2Gi nhau 20 mOt ng< php (N./! - !./!3 a5X - a5X)5 B #hKng thE7ng th@ thnh phn u ti'n sau ng t& s =uyt >nh cc thnh phn cMn l/i Lot :a,allel: "r. Penr0 is a +aw0er- a p#+itician- an$ he teaches.
n#'n n#'n c+a'se

?a,allel: "r. Penr0 is a +aw0er- a p#+itician- an$ a teacher.

n#'n n#'n n#'n

Lu : #uy nhi'n nu th7i gian trong cu l Lhc nhau th@ ng t& c8ng phSi tun thZo =ui lujt th7i gian5 ]6c $ c1u tr6c cu song song LhKng tn t/i

TTy

T",!- #i! #rj) #i&B v* -i>! #i&B

1 Cu/ #rj) #i&B v* )u/ -i>! #i&B
B #rong cu trmc tip thKng tin i t& ngE7i th9 nh1t n thng ngE7i th9 hai5 Ex: Pe sai$ ?X ,#'ght a new m#t#r,i2e f#r m0se+f 0ester$a0? B #rong cu gin tip thKng tin i t& ngE7i th9 nh1t =ua ngE7i th9 hai n 2Gi ngE7i th9 ba5 Jhi $ cu c$ bin ni 20 mOt ng< php5 Ex: Pe sai$ he ha$ ,#'ght a new m#t#r,i2e f#r himse+f the $a0 ,ef#re. B b% bin ni mt cu trmc tip sang cu gin tip cnA bni ch; ng< 2 cc /i t& nhn WEng Lhc trong cu trmc tip thZo ch; ng< c;a thnh phn th9 nh1t5 ]Di ng t& : 2 th9 ^ WuHng mt c1p so 2Gi 2 ban u5 Bin ni cc /i t& chN th>( ph$ t& chN th7i gian 2 >a i%m thZo bSng =ui >nh5 Ba!- %i %D!- #$ Mi,ect s:eech SimplZ prZsZnt rZsZnt progrZssi2Z rZsZnt pZruZct arogrZssi2Zg SimplZ past qillPShall "anPMay =n"i,ect s:eech SimplZ past ast progrZssi2Z ast pZruZct arogrZssi2Zg ast pZruZct qoul4P Shoul4 "oul4P Might

Ba!- %i )>) %9i #$ )"G #"@3 B"Q #$ )"G %@a %i_m v* #"8i -ia! #o4ay #hat 4ay ZstZr4ay #hZ 4ay bZuorZ #hZ 4ay bZuorZ yZstZr4ay #to 4ays bZuorZ #omorrot #hZ nZWtP thZ uolloting 4ay #hZ 4ay autZr tomorrot ,n tto 4ays timZ -ZWt l #imZ #hZ uolloting l #imZ ]ast l #imZ #hZ prZ2ious l #imZ #imZ l ago #imZ l bZuorZ #his( thZsZ #hat( thosZ pZrZ( [2ZrhZrZ #hZrZ( [2ZrthZrZ B -u l7i n$i 2 hnh ng WSy ra cDng ngy th@ LhKng cn phSi ni th7i gian5 Ex: At ,rea2fast this m#rning he sai$ ?X wi++ ,e ,'s0 t#$a0? TT{

At ,rea2fast this m#rning he sai$ he w#'+$ ,e ,'s0 t#$a0. B "c suy lujn logic 20 mOt th7i gian t1t nhi'n l cn thit Lhi l7i n$i EFc thujt l/i sau $ mt hoOc hai ngy5 Ex: (On "#n$a0) Pe sai$ ? XY++ ,e +eaving #n Qe$nes$a0 ? (On *'es$a0) Pe sai$ he w#'+$ ,e +eaving t#m#rr#w. (On Qe$nes$a0) Pe sai$ he w#'+$ ,e +eaving t#$a0.

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tD!- #$ vSi "ai #u! !-c #rj) #i&B v* -i>! #i&B

B Mt sH ng t& trong ting Anh c$ hai lo/i tn ng< A T trmc tip 2 T gin tip ng th7i c8ng c$ hai cch 4DngA B ]Hi 4Dng gin tipA bOt tn ng< trmc tip sau ng t& ri n tn ng< gin tip i sau hai giGi t& 4.r 2 #.5 Ex: *he $irect#rYs secretar0 sent the man'script t# them +ast night. B ]Hi 4Dng trmc tipA bOt tn ng< gin tip sau ng t& ri n tn ng< trmc tip( hai giGi t& #. 2 4.r b> lo/i bs5 Ex: *he $irect#rYs secretar0 sent them the man'script +ast night. =nco,,ect: *he $irect#rYs secretar0 sent t# them the man'script +ast night. B pai ng t& #. i!#r.5/)e 2 #. me!#i.! phSi 4Dng cKng th9c gin tip( LhKng EFc 4Dng cKng th9c trmc tip5 #. i!#r.5/)e 7m#07P #. 7P #. me!#i.! 7m# #. 7P B -u cS hai tn ng< trmc tip 2 gin tip 0u l /i t& nhn WEng th@ LhKng EFc 4Dng cKng th9c trmc tip m phSi 4Dng cKng th9c gin tip5 Ex: >o,,ect: *he0 gave it t# 's. =nco,,ect: *he0 gave 's it.

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Sj %a. !-'() B"Q #$

B #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp cc ph$ t& LhKng 9ng : 2> trI b@nh thE7ng c;a n$ m So l'n 9ng : u cu nhQm nh1n m/nh 2o hnh ng c;a ch; ng<5 B #rong trE7ng hFp $ ng< php s thay ni( Qng sau ph$ t& 9ng u cu l trF ng t& ri mGi n ch; ng< 2 ng t& chInh5
har'ly rarely sel'om never only...

+ au,iliary + S + !

Ex: Never have s# man0 pe#p+e ,een 'nemp+#0e$ as t#$a0.

a$ve, a'/i+iar0 s',1ect ver,

aSo many pZoplZ ha2Z nZ2Zr bZZn unZmployZ4 as to4ayg

1 MD# 7: )>) 59!- B"Q #$ %n) PiU# %e!- b %</ )u/

B I!0 U!5er !. )ir)/m7#a!)e71 CD trong b1t c9 hon cSnh no c8ng LhKng5 Ex: Tn$er n# circ'mstances sh#'+$ 0#' +en$ him the m#ne0. B O! !. a))./!#1 CD b1t c9 lk 4o g@ c8ng LhKng Ex: On n# acc#'t m'st this switch ,e t#'che$. B O!;6 i! #"i7 wa61 "hN bQng cch ny Ex: On+0 in this wa0 c#'+$ the pr#,+em ,e s#+ve$ B I! !. wa61 JhKng sao c$ th% Ex: Xn n# wa0 c#'+$ X agree with 0#'. B B6 !. mea!71 pon ton LhKng Ex: H0 n# means $#es he inten$ t# critici7e 0#'r i$ea. B Ne-a#ive 3 !.r N a/?i;iar6 N S N V Ex: Pe ha$ n# m#ne0- n#r $i$ he 2n#w an0,#$0 fr#m wh#m he c#'+$ ,#rr#w. B Jhi mt m?nh 0 m: u bQng cc thnh ng< chN nYi chHn hoOc trjt tm th@ ng t& chInh c$ th% So l'n ch; ng< nhEng tuy?t Hi LhKng EFc sf 4ng trF ng t& trong trE7ng hFp ny5

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1lause of place/ or'er + main verb + S "no au,iliary#

Ex: Xn fr#nt #f the m'se'm is a stat'e. Ex: Uirst came the am,'+ance- then came the p#+ice. ( *h#!t f' +5 /e c8' thcng ch!0 bn- tibp sa' +5 cwnh s6t.) B Jhi mt ng< giGi t& lm ph$ t& chN >a i%m hoOc phEYng hEGng 9ng : u cu( cc ni ng t& Ot l'n trEGc ch; ng< nhEng tuy?t Hi LhKng EFc sf 4ng trF ng t& trong lo/i cu ny5 -$ r1t phn bin trong 2cn mK tS Lhi muHn 4izn /t mt ch; ng< LhKng Wc >nhA Ex: Tn$er the tree was +0ing #ne #f the ,iggest man X ha$ ever seen. Ex: oirect+0 in fr#nt #f them st##$ a great cast+e. Ex: On the grass sat an en#rm#'s fr#g. Ex: A+#ng the r#a$ came a strange pr#cessi#n. B #Inh t& c8ng c$ th% So l'n tr'n u cu % nh1n m/nh 2 sau $ l ng t& nHi nhEng tuy?t Hi LhKng EFc sf 4ng trF ng t&5 Ex: 3# $etermine$ was she t# ta2e the 'niversit0 c#'rse that she ta'ght sch##+ an$ gave m'sic +ess#n f#r her t'iti#n fees. B #rong mt sH trE7ng hFp ngE7i ta c8ng c$ th% So ton b ng t& chInh l'n tr'n ch; ng< % nh1n m/nh( nh<ng ng t& EFc So l'n tr'n trong trE7ng hFp ny phn lGn 0u mang s`c thi b> ng nhEng hon ton LhKng c$ nghRa b> ng5 Ex: &#st- h#wever- are the secrets #f the "a0an astr#n#mers an$ the Xnca ,'i+$ers as we++ as man0 me$icina+ practices. (*'0 nhiBn nhng , m`t .... z mCt i v<nh vin 2h:ng ,a# gi trs +!i.) B "c ph$ t& awa6 ( r .44 )3 5.w!3 i!3 .443 ./#3 .ver3 r./!53 /B mt ng t& chuy%n ng 2 sau $ l mt 4anh t& lm ch; ng<5 Ex: Awa0 went the r'nners/ o#wn fe++ a $#7en #f app+es... c$ th% thZo sau l

Awa605.w!0i!0.440./#0.ver0r./!50/B N m.#i.! verP N !./!0!./! B"ra7e a7 a 7/PXe)#

-hEng nu mt /i t& nhn WEng lm ch; ng< th@ ng t& phSi % sau ch; ng<A Ex: Awa0 the0 went/ S#'n$ an$ r#'n$ it f+ew. B #rong ting Anh 2it atrittZn !nglishg cc ng< giGi t& m: u bQng cc giGi t& 5.w!3 4r.m3 i!3 .!3 .ver3 ./# .43 r./!53 /B c$ th% EFc thZo sau ngay b:i ng t& chN 2> trI a)r./)"3 "a!-3 ;ie3 7i#3 7#a!5 g hoOc cc 4/ng ng t& chN chuy%n ng( cc ng t& nhE Pe P.r!0 5ie0 ;ive 2 mt sH 4/ng ng t& Lhc5 Ex: Ur#m the rafters h'ng strings #f #ni#ns. Ex: Xn the $##rwa0 st##$ a man with a g'n. Ex: On a perch ,esi$e him sat a ,+'e parr#t. Ex: Over the wa++ came a sh#wer #f st#nes.

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o]Eu kA h 2I 4 u c;a cc 2I 4 tr'n c$ th% 4izn /t bQng mt VERB-ING m: u cho cu 2 ng t& BE So l'n tr'n ch; ng<A Ex: Panging fr#m the rafters were strings #f #ni#ns. Ex: 3tan$ing in the $##rwa0 was a man with a g'n. Ex: 3itting #n a perch ,esi$e him was a ,+'e parr#t. B pi?n tEFng ny cMn WSy ra Lhi ch; ng< sau cc ph$ t& so snh a70#"a! =u 4iA Ex: 3he was ver0 re+igi#'s- as were m#st #f her frien$s. Ex: Jit0 $we++ers have a higher $eath rate than $# c#'ntr0 pe#p+e. B #n ng< mang tInh nh1n m/nh c8ng c$ th% So l'n u cuA Ex: N#t a sing+e w#r$ $i$ he sa0. B fere0T"ere hoOc mt sH cc ph$ t& i Lt hFp 2Gi ng t& 9ng u cu c8ng phSi So ng t& l'n tr'n ch; ng< l mt 4anh t&( nhEng nu ch; ng< l mt /i t& th@ LhKng EFc So ng t&A Ex: Pere c#mes Ure$$0. =nco,,ect: Pere c#mes he Ex: Off we g# =nco,,ect: Off g# we Ex: *here g#es 0#'r ,r#ther Ex: X st#ppe$ the car - an$ 'p wa+2e$ a p#+iceman .

T^^

C>)" ;.9i Pl !"c!- )u/ #ra ;8i +",!%`!- #r.!- P*i !-c B">B
Mt trong sH hai bi thi ng< php c;a #[!\] EFc cho 4EGi 4/ng mt cu cho sn( cMn % trHng mt phn 2 4EGi $ l U cu % i0n 2o5 #rong U cu chN c$ mt cu 6ng5 b% giSi =uyt EFc cu 6ng phSi thZo ln lEFt cc bEGc sauA

1 Zi_m #ra )>) ;i !-c B">B )g Pa! Pa. -m

ag Sm ho hFp gi<a ch; ng< 2 2> ng< bg "ch sf 4ng A4 2 A42 cg )> trI c;a cc A42 thZo th9 tm ln lEFtA chN phEYng th9c hnh ng x >a i%m x th7i gian x phEYng ti?n hnh ng x t@nh huHng hnh ng5 4g Sm phHi hFp gi<a cc th7i ng t&5 Zg Zm Wet 2i?c sf 4ng hFp lk cc /i t& trong cu5 ug "1u tr6c cu song song5

h L.9i Pl !"c!- )u/ #ra ;8i ma!- #[!" r'8m r*1

ag ]o/i bs cu trS l7i bao gm mt thnh ng< 4i( tuy LhKng sai nhEng c$ mt t& ng`n hYn % thay th5 6]Eu kA -hEng phSi ht s9c cn thjn 2@ mt sH cc A5X tjn cDng bcng uKi ;6 LhKng th% c1u t/o ph$ t& bQng uKi ;65 h$ t& c;a nh<ng A5X ny l i! a A5X-;6 N ma!!er0wa65 Ex: Pe ,ehaves me in a frien$+0 wa0/ manner B hSi cn thjn Lhi 4Dng 4re7" in a ;,esh manne, = m.t cNch tOi. Ex: *his f##$ is #n+0 $e+ici#'s when eaten in a fresh manner ;,eshly C ?== = $/a m%i Ex: fresh+0-pic2e$ fr'it 4 F'w vAa mi h6i Ex: fresh+0-+ai$ eggs 4 tr8ng g5 vAa mi ,) Ghwi +#!i ,E nhng tA thAa tr#ng cd' thAa E?A "ausZ a rZsult rw th&a a rZsult

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H P"ai )") )"! r}!- #]# )a )>) #$ #r.!- )u/ %'() )"! %V/ B"ai B"`) vW )". !-"|a )^a P*i3 %n) PiU# ;* )>) !-c %D!- #$ M P"ai ;.9i Pl !"c!- )u/ #ra ;8i Pa. "*m #i&!- ;Q!-3 +",!- %'() B"{B 5s!- #r.!- v! vi&# R/i )"/!
Ex: A ,'nch #f f+#wers.(Mh:ng =c).

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N"c!- #$ 5F -u6 !"<m ;z!

b$ l nh<ng t& r1t 4z gy nhm l3n 20 mOt ng< nghRa( chInh tS hoOc pht m( cn phSi phn bi?t r ch6ng bQng ng< cSnh5 B 7i#e a)g trIch 43n B 7i#e a-g Lhu 1t % Wy 4mng5 B 7i-"# (-g LhZ ng`m( tm ng`m5 a)g =uang cSnh( cSnh tEFng5 a)g =uan st( nh@n th1y B 5e77er# (-g m$n trng mi?ng B 5e7er# a-g sa m/c B 5e7er# a)g bs( bs mOc( o ng8 B ;a#er sau $( ri th@ athE7ng 4Dng 2Gi ng t& th7i tEYng laig B #"e ;a##er ci th9 ^( ngE7i th9 ^( ci sau( ngE7i sau5 wv #"e 4.rmer r ci trEGc( ngE7i trEGc5 B Bri!)iBa; a-g hi?u trE:ng atrE7ng phn thKngg aA4g chInh( ch; yu5 B Bri!)iB;e a-g nguy'n t`c( lujt l? B a44e)# a)g tc ng n B e44e)# a-g Snh hE:ng( hi?u =uS a)g thmc hi?n( Zm l/i B a;rea56 aA42g i B a;; rea56 t1t cS i sn sng5 B am.!- arZpg trong sH a4Dng cho h ngE7i( h 2jt tr: l'ng B Pe#wee! a!5 gi<a5552 achN 4Dng cho ^ ngE7iP2jtg 6L'/ ~A Pe#wee! a!5 c8ng cMn EFc 4Dng % chN 2> trI chInh Wc c;a mt =uHc gia nQm gi<a nh<ng =uHc gia Lhc cho 4D l w ^ Ex: Vietnam +ies ,etween Jhina- &a#s an$ Jam,#$ia. B Am.!- O .!e .407.me .40i!);/5e5 i! amt trong sHP mt sH trongP L% cS( bao gmg5 Ex: Am#ng the first t# arrive was the am,assa$#r. (*r#ng s; nhng ngi bn f' tiBn cq ng5i !i s8). Ex: Pe has a n'm,er #f crimina+s am#ng his frien$s. (*r#ng s; nhng ,!n ,{ cDa m}nh- anh ta cq F'en met s; tei ph!m). B Be#wee! cMn EFc 4Dng cho cc =uing cch gi<a cc 2jt 2 cc giGi h/n 20 mOt th7i gian5 Ex: Qe nee$ a meters ,etween the win$#ws. Ex: X wi++ ,e at the #ffice ,etween ^ an$ ]]. B CDng Pe#wee! Lhi muHn 0 cjp 'n ^ 2jt hoOc ^ nh$m 2jt : 20 ^ phIa5 Ex: A +itt+e va++e0 ,etween high m#'ntains. Ex: X saw s#mething ,etween the whee+s #f the car. T^V

B Di44ere!# N Pe#wee! (!.# am.!-) Ex: Qhat are the $ifferences ,etween cr#ws- r##2s- an$ 1ac2$aws. B Be#wee! ea)" N !./! axan4 thZ nZWtg amorZ uormalg Ex: Qe nee$ a meters ,etween each win$#w. Ex: *here seems t# ,e +ess an$ +ess time ,etween each ,irth$a0 (an$ the ne/t). (*hi gian ng50 c5ng ngIn +!i gia a +fn sinh nh`t.) B Devi5e N Pe#wee! anot amongg Ex: Pe $evi$e$ his m#ne0 ,etween his wife- his $a'ghter- an$ his sister. B S"are N Pe#wee!0am.!Ex: Pe share$ the f##$ ,etween/am#ng a++ m0 frien$. B ).!7e)/#ive aA4g li'n tc aLhKng c$ tInh 9t =uingg B 7/))e77ive aA4g li'n tc ac$ tInh cch =uingg B emi-ra!# a-g ngE7i 4i cE( a)g xw emi-ra#e 4r.m B immi-ra!# a-g ngE7i nhjp cE a)g immi-ra#e i!#. B 4.rmer;6 aA42g trEGc Lia B 4.rma;;6 aA42g chNnh t0 acn mOcg aA42g chInh th9c B "i7#.ri) aA4g nni ting( =uan trXng trong l>ch sf aA4g mang tInh l>ch sf5 Ex: hist#ric times B "i7#.ri)a; aA4g thuc 20 l>ch sf Ex: Pist#rica+ reseach- hist#rica+ maga7ine aA4g c$ thjt trong l>ch sf Ex: Pist#rica+ pe#p+e- hist#rica+ events B "eB;e77 aA4g 2K 2Xng( tuy?t 2Xng B /7e;e77 aA4g 2K 4ng B ima-i!ar6 r aA4g LhKng c$ thjt( tE:ng tEFng B ima-i!a#ive r aA4g phong ph6( bay bnng 20 trI tE:ng tEFng

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P"W ;W)1 mD# 7: !"c!- #$ 5F -u6 !"<m ;z! +">)1

B "lassic aa4g B ch1t lEFng caoA a classic no2Zl amt cuHn ti%u thuyt hayg a classic uootball match amt trjn b$ng hayg5 B Oc thDPOc trEngPti'u bi%uA a classic ZWamplZ amt 2I 4 ti'u bi%u( i%n h@nhg5 B "lassic anoungA 2cn ngh? sR( tc phm lEu 4anh5 Ex: *his n#ve+ ma0 we++ ,ec#me a c+assic (*6c phm n50 cq th@ =c +' $anh). B "lassicsA 2cn hXc 2 ngKn ng< cn pyx]a5 B "lassicalA cn i%n( Linh i%n5 B oliticA nhjn th9c 6ngP LhKn ngoanP trang trXng5 Ex: X $#npt thin2 it w#'+$ ,e p#+itic t# as2 f#r +#an 1'st n#w. (*:i ch# ryng sx 2h:ng +5 2h:n ng#an nb' hEi va0 met 2h#wn nga0 +c n50.) B oliticalA thuc 20 chInh tr>5 Ex: A p#+itica+ career (met sK nghi%p chnh trr). B "ontinualA li'n tc lOp i lOp l/i ahnh ng c$ tInh cch =uingg Ex: G+ease st#p 0#'r c#ntin'a+ F'esti#ns (in hz0 th:i hEi +up i +up +!i mzi nh thb). B "ontinousA li'n mi'nPsuHt ahnh ng LhKng c$ tInh cch =uingg Ex: A c#ntin#'s f+#w #f traffic (o|ng /e ce ch!0 +iBn miBn ,Ct t`n). B As ali'n t&g r -hE l SubZct l 2Zrb5 Ex: Qhen in S#ma- $# as S#mans $# (Nh`p gia t>0 tc). B ]iLZ atInh t& 4Dng nhE mt giGi t&g l nounPnoun phrasZ Ex: Pe f#'ght +i2e a ma$ man (Anh ta chibn C' nh iBn nh $!i). B AliLZ aa45gA giHng nhau( tEYng tm Ex: A+th#'gh the0 are ,r#ther- the0 $#npt +##2 a+i2e. B AliLZ aa42ZrbgA nhE nhau Ex: *he c+imate here is a+wa0s h#t- s'mmer an$ winter a+i2e. T^{

B AsA nhEP 2Gi tE cch l a4Dng trong so snh Lhi bSn thn ch; ng< c$ ch9c ncng nhE 2jtPngE7i EFc so snhg Ex: &et me spea2 t# 0#' as a father (Pz0 @ t:i nqi vi c`' nh met ngi cha) B ]iLZA nhE l a4Dng trong so snh Lhi bSn thn ch; ng< 2 ciPngE7i so snh LhKng phSi l mt hoOc LhKng c$ ch9c ncng ng nh1tg Ex: &et me spea2 t# 0#' +i2e a man a,#ve (Pz0 @ t:i nqi vi anh nh met ngi ,h trBn). B BZuorZA trEGc yPtrEGc $ a4Dng Lhi so snh mt th9 2Gi t1t cS cc th9 Lhc cDng lo/ig Ex: 3he has never seen s'ch a ,ea'tif'+ pict're ,ef#re (J: ta cha ,a# gi nh}n thC0 met ,8c tranh p nh thb trc d0). B BZuorZA #rEGc achN mt sm 2i?c WSy ra trEGc mt sm 2i?c Lhc trong =u Lh9( thE7ng 4Dng 2Gi ast ZruZctg Ex: Pe +ive$ in Urance in ]^]a- he ha$ +ive$ in Lng+an$ 0ears ,ef#re. B AgoA trEGc atInh t& hi?n t/i tr: ngEFc 20 =u Lh9( thE7ng 4Dng 2Gi SimplZ astg Ex: X went t# Lng+an$ v 0ears ag#. B "ZrtainA ch`c ch`n abit sm thmcg Ex: Jertain+0/ Xpm certain that he $i$npt stea+ it (*:i chIc chIn ryng hIn ta 2h:ng +C0 c6i q). B SurZA tin rQng aLhKng bit ch`c( n$i thZo cSm nhjn( nghRa l yu hYn cZrtaing Ex: 3're+0/ X am s're that he $i$ n#t stea+ it (*:i tin ryng hIn 2h:ng +C0 th8 q). B ,n4ZZ4A B )Zrylin4ZZ4 asau mt tInh t& hoOc mt ph$ t&g Ex: *han2 0#' ver0 m'ch in$ee$. Ex: X was ver0 p+ease$ in$ee$ t# hear fr#m 0#'. B ,n4ZZ4 4Dng sau #. Pe hoOc mt trF ng t& nhQm Wc nhjn hoOc nh1n m/nh cho sm ng k athE7ng 4Dng trong cu trS l7i ng`ng5 Ex: Xt is c#+$ / - Xt is in$ee$. Ex: Penn0 ma$e a f##+ #f himse+f / - Pe $i$ in$ee$. B ,ll aBritish !nglishg r SicL aAmZrican !nglishg r Hm Ex: .e#rge $i$npt c#me in +ast wee2 ,eca'se he was i++ (4he was sic2) B SicL l -oun r Hm yuP b?nh tjt Ex: Pe spent a_ 0ears +##2ing after his sic2 father (Ngi cha ,%nh t`t) B BZ sicL r \Zll sicL r -KnP bun nKnP say atu( WZ555g Ex: X was sic2 v times in the night T^}

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